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Khambholja K, Gehani M, Kothari R, Marulkar S. Prognostic value of tumour-associated regulatory T-cells as a biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2024; 13:233. [PMID: 39272135 PMCID: PMC11401299 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour, nodes, and metastases (TNM) staging has been deficient in prognosticating in patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To supplement TNM staging, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the regulatory T cells (Treg). METHODS A keyword search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE for full-text original human studies from any region published in English during the last 12 years. Eligible for inclusion were studies evaluating the prognostic value of the number of Treg cells in NSCLC except case studies, case series, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Two reviewers (one reviewer used an automation tool) independently screened the studies and assessed risk-of-bias using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Meta-analysis was done for studies reporting significant multivariate hazard ratio (HR). RESULTS Out of 809 retrievals, 24 studies were included in the final review. The low number of Treg cells was found significantly associated with improved overall survival (pooled log OR, 1.646; 95% CI, 1.349, 1.944; p (2-tailed) < .001; SE, 0.1217), improved recurrence-free survival (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.15, 3.46; p = .01), improved progression-free survival (pooled log OR, 2.231; 95% CI, 0.424, 4.038; p (2-tailed) .034; SE, 0.4200), and worse disease-free survival (pooled log OR, 0.992; 95% CI, 0.820, 1.163; p (2-tailed) .009; SE, 0.0135), especially when identified by forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), in any stage or non-metastatic NSCLC. CONCLUSION A low number of Treg cells indicated better survival, suggesting its potential use as a prognostic biomarker in NSCLC. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The protocol of this review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO on August 28, 2021, and was assigned the registration number CRD42021270598. The protocol can be accessed from PROSPERO website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Khambholja
- Department of Medical Writing, Catalyst Clinical Research, 2528 Independence Blvd, Suite 100, Wilmington, NC, 28412, USA
| | - Manish Gehani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
| | - Rushabh Kothari
- Medical Oncology Department, Narayana Multispecialty Hospital, Opposite Police Station, Near Chakudiya Mahadev, Rakhial, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380023, India
| | - Sachin Marulkar
- Catalyst Clinical Research, 2528 Independence Blvd, Suite 100, Wilmington, NC, 28412, USA
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Maimaitiyiming A, An H, Xing C, Li X, Li Z, Bai J, Luo C, Zhuo T, Huang X, Maimaiti A, Aikemu A, Wang Y. Machine learning-driven mast cell gene signatures for prognostic and therapeutic prediction in prostate cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35157. [PMID: 39170129 PMCID: PMC11336432 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The role of Mast cells has not been thoroughly explored in the context of prostate cancer's (PCA) unpredictable prognosis and mixed immunotherapy outcomes. Our research aims to employs a comprehensive computational methodology to evaluate Mast cell marker gene signatures (MCMGS) derived from a global cohort of 1091 PCA patients. This approach is designed to identify a robust biomarker to assist in prognosis and predicting responses to immunotherapy. Methods This study initially identified mast cell-associated biomarkers from prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) patients across six international cohorts. We employed a variety of machine learning techniques, including Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Lasso regression, and the Cox Proportional Hazards Model, to develop an effective MCMGS from candidate genes. Subsequently, an immunological assessment of MCMGS was conducted to provide new insights into the evaluation of immunotherapy responses and prognostic assessments. Additionally, we utilized Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and pathway analysis to explore the biological pathways and mechanisms associated with MCMGS. Results MCMGS incorporated 13 marker genes and was successful in segregating patients into distinct high- and low-risk categories. Prognostic efficacy was confirmed by survival analysis incorporating MCMGS scores, alongside clinical parameters such as age, T stage, and Gleason scores. High MCMGS scores were correlated with upregulated pathways in fatty acid metabolism and β-alanine metabolism, while low scores correlated with DNA repair mechanisms, homologous recombination, and cell cycle progression. Patients classified as low-risk displayed increased sensitivity to drugs, indicating the utility of MCMGS in forecasting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusion The combination of MCMGS with a robust machine learning methodology demonstrates considerable promise in guiding personalized risk stratification and informing therapeutic decisions for patients with PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudukeyoumu Maimaitiyiming
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Urological, Urology Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hengqing An
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Urological, Urology Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Urogenital Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Chen Xing
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Urological, Urology Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Urogenital Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Urological, Urology Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Urogenital Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junbo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Urology Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Urological, Urology Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tao Zhuo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Urological, Urology Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Urological, Urology Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aierpati Maimaiti
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Yujie Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Urological, Urology Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Urogenital Diseases, Urumqi, China
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3
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Ye W, Hou K, Tao N, Li W, Tan Z, Huang Q, Yang D, Lin H, Deng Z, Xia Y, Yu G. Association between CD4 + T cells ATP levels and disease progression in patients with non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:369. [PMID: 38933807 PMCID: PMC11200158 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introducing the exploration of stimulated CD4+ cells adenosine triphosphate (sATPCD4) levels for immune monitoring post non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) chemotherapy, the present study aimed to investigate its efficacy in gauging the potential risk of disease progression (PD) in patients with NSCLC. Therefore, a total of 89 patients with advanced NSCLC, who underwent chemotherapy between August 15 2022 and August 30 2023 at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou, China), were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided into the PD (n=21) and disease stability (non-PD; n=68) groups and their clinical data were compared. The thresholds for predicting PD were identified using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess the association between peripheral blood markers and the incidence of PD. Therefore, post-chemotherapy, significant differences in white blood cell count, non-stimulated CD4+ cells ATP and sATPCD4 levels were obtained between patients in the PD and non-PD groups (P<0.05). In addition, sATPCD4 levels were notably decreased in the PD group compared with the non-PD group. Furthermore, ROC analysis revealed that the predictive threshold for PD was 224.5 ng/ml [area under the curve=0.887; 95% confidence interval, 0.811-0.963]. Additionally, patients with low immunity (ATP <224.5 ng/ml) exhibited a higher risk of PD compared with the high-immunity group (ATP >224.5 ng/ml; P<0.0001). Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that sATPCD4 could serve as an independent factor for predicting NSCLC progression. Overall, the current study predicted that immune function could be possibly associated with the risk of PD in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Kailian Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Na Tao
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiong Tan
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Qunfeng Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Dongheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Haoxin Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Zihao Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Guifang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
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Shiomi K, Ichinoe M, Ushiwata A, Eshima K, Nagashio R, Hayashi S, Sonoda D, Kondo Y, Maruyama R, Mikubo M, Murakumo Y, Satoh Y. Insight into the significance of Foxp3 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in squamous cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1708-1715. [PMID: 38402536 PMCID: PMC11178642 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although developing a better understanding of tumor-infiltrating Foxp3 + lymphocytes (Foxp3 + TILs) might provide essential knowledge to predict response to immunotherapy and prognosis, our current knowledge about Foxp3 + TILs is inadequate. This study investigated the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating Foxp3 + lymphocytes (Foxp3 + TILs) in squamous cell lung cancer (SQ-LC) objectively. METHODS Among patients with SQ-LC surgically resected in our institution between 2011 and 2017, those with pathological stage IA3-IIIA were immunohistochemically studied to evaluate Foxp3 + TILs in their tumor stroma. The impact of Foxp3 + TILs on relapse-free survival (RFS) was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model/Fine-Gray model. RESULTS This study analyzed 100 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that a large number of Foxp3 + TILs in the stroma does not associate with a poor prognosis, rather that a large number of Foxp3 + TILs (≥ 64 cells) tend to be associated with a more favorable prognosis than a small number of Foxp3 + TILs (< 64 cells) (large vs small number: HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.17-1.83; P = 0.34). Exploratory analysis also showed that in the two populations divided by a difference in Foxp3 expression levels, similar trends to the main analysis were observed. CONCLUSION Our results showed that a large number of Foxp3 + TILs in the stroma may not associate with a poor prognosis in SQ-LC. To use the seemingly complicated information of Foxp3 + TILs as biomarkers, better understanding the diversity and heterogeneity of Foxp3 + TILs and analyzing their subpopulations that increase in the TME may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazu Shiomi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Ichinoe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Ai Ushiwata
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Biostatistics), Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Koji Eshima
- Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagashio
- Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Shoko Hayashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Dai Sonoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kondo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Raito Maruyama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masashi Mikubo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Satoh
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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5
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Xagara A, Goulielmaki M, Fortis SP, Kokkalis A, Chantzara E, Christodoulopoulos G, Samaras I, Saloustros E, Tsapakidis K, Papadopoulos V, Pateras IS, Georgoulias V, Baxevanis CN, Kotsakis A. Pre-Existing Immunity Predicts Response to First-Line Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2393. [PMID: 39001455 PMCID: PMC11240823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell-mediated anti-tumoral responses may have significant clinical relevance as a biomarker for response to immunotherapy. The value of peripheral blood pre-existing tumor antigen-specific T cells (PreI+) as a predictive immunotherapy biomarker in NSCLC patients was investigated, along with the frequency of various circulating immune cells. Fifty-two treatment-naïve, stage III/IV NSCLC patients, treated with front-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)-containing regimens were enrolled. PreI was calculated as the percentages of CD3+IFNγ+ cells after in vitro co-cultures of PBMCs with peptides against four different Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAA). Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood immune cells was performed using multicolor flow cytometry. PreI+ T cells were detected in 44% of patients. Median overall survival (OS) was significantly higher in PreI+ patients compared to PreI- patients (not reached vs. 321 days, respectively; p = 0.014). PreI+ patients had significantly higher numbers of possible exhausted CD3+CD8+PD-1+ cells and lower percentages of immunosuppressive Tregs compared to PreI- patients. Additionally, patients with PreI+ and low numbers of peripheral blood M-MDSCs had a significant survival advantage compared to the rest of the patients. Thus, combining pre-existing tumor antigen-specific immunity before initiation of ICI in NSCLC patients with selected immune-suppressive cells could identify patients who have a favorable clinical outcome when treated with ICI-containing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Xagara
- Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Ave., 11522 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (S.P.F.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Ave., 11522 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (S.P.F.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Alexandros Kokkalis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (E.S.); (K.T.); (V.P.)
| | - Evangelia Chantzara
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (E.S.); (K.T.); (V.P.)
| | - George Christodoulopoulos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (E.S.); (K.T.); (V.P.)
| | - Ioannis Samaras
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (E.S.); (K.T.); (V.P.)
| | - Emmanouil Saloustros
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (E.S.); (K.T.); (V.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Tsapakidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (E.S.); (K.T.); (V.P.)
| | - Vasileios Papadopoulos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (E.S.); (K.T.); (V.P.)
| | - Ioannis S. Pateras
- Second Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasilis Georgoulias
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan General Hospital, 15562 Athens, Greece;
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Ave., 11522 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (S.P.F.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (E.S.); (K.T.); (V.P.)
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Wójcik M, Juhas U, Mohammadi E, Mattisson J, Drężek-Chyła K, Rychlicka-Buniowska E, Bruhn-Olszewska B, Davies H, Chojnowska K, Olszewski P, Bieńkowski M, Jankowski M, Rostkowska O, Hellmann A, Pęksa R, Kowalski J, Zdrenka M, Kobiela J, Zegarski W, Biernat W, Szylberg Ł, Remiszewski P, Mieczkowski J, Filipowicz N, Dumanski JP. Loss of Y in regulatory T lymphocytes in the tumor micro-environment of primary colorectal cancers and liver metastases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9458. [PMID: 38658633 PMCID: PMC11043399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Male sex is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) with higher illness burden and earlier onset. Thus, we hypothesized that loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in the tumor micro-environment (TME) might be involved in oncogenesis. Previous studies show that LOY in circulating leukocytes of aging men was associated with shorter survival and non-hematological cancer, as well as higher LOY in CD4 + T-lymphocytes in men with prostate cancer vs. controls. However, nothing is known about LOY in leukocytes infiltrating TME and we address this aspect here. We studied frequency and functional effects of LOY in blood, TME and non-tumorous tissue. Regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs) in TME had the highest frequency of LOY (22%) in comparison to CD4 + T-lymphocytes and cytotoxic CD8 + T-lymphocytes. LOY score using scRNA-seq was also linked to higher expression of PDCD1, TIGIT and IKZF2 in Tregs. PDCD1 and TIGIT encode immune checkpoint receptors involved in the regulation of Tregs function. Our study sets the direction for further functional research regarding a probable role of LOY in intensifying features related to the suppressive phenotype of Tregs in TME and consequently a possible influence on immunotherapy response in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wójcik
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ulana Juhas
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elyas Mohammadi
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jonas Mattisson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kinga Drężek-Chyła
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Bruhn-Olszewska
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Davies
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Chojnowska
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Olszewski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Bieńkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Jankowski
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Olga Rostkowska
- Department of Oncological, Transplant and General Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hellmann
- Department of Oncological, Transplant and General Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Pęksa
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Kowalski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jarek Kobiela
- Department of Oncological, Transplant and General Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zegarski
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Remiszewski
- Department of Oncological, Transplant and General Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Filipowicz
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jan P Dumanski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Ziółkowska-Suchanek I, Żurawek M. FOXP3: A Player of Immunogenetic Architecture in Lung Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:493. [PMID: 38674427 PMCID: PMC11050689 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) is considered to be a prominent component of the immune system expressed in regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are immunosuppressive cells that regulate immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. FOXP3 was originally thought to be a Tregs-specific molecule, but recent studies have pinpointed that FOXP3 is expressed in a diversity of benign tumors and carcinomas. The vast majority of the data have shown that FOXP3 is correlated with an unfavorable prognosis, although there are some reports indicating the opposite function of this molecule. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the FOXP3 role in the immunogenetic architecture of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related death. We discuss the prognostic significance of tumor FOXP3 expression, tumor-infiltrating FOXP3-lymphocytes, tumor FOXP3 in tumor microenvironments and the potential of FOXP3-targeted therapy.
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8
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Spiliopoulou P, Kaur P, Hammett T, Di Conza G, Lahn M. Targeting T regulatory (T reg) cells in immunotherapy-resistant cancers. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:2. [PMID: 38318526 PMCID: PMC10838381 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Primary or secondary (i.e., acquired) resistance is a common occurrence in cancer patients and is often associated with high numbers of T regulatory (Treg) cells (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+). The approval of ipilimumab and the development of similar pharmacological agents targeting cell surface proteins on Treg cells demonstrates that such intervention may overcome resistance in cancer patients. Hence, the clinical development and subsequent approval of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) targeting agents can serve as a prototype for similar agents. Such new agents aspire to be highly specific and have a reduced toxicity profile while increasing effector T cell function or effector T/T regulatory (Teff/Treg) ratio. While clinical development with large molecules has shown the greatest advancement, small molecule inhibitors that target immunomodulation are increasingly entering early clinical investigation. These new small molecule inhibitors often target specific intracellular signaling pathways [e.g., phosphoinositide-3-kinase delta (PI3K-δ)] that play an important role in regulating the function of Treg cells. This review will summarize the lessons currently applied to develop novel clinical agents that target Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Spiliopoulou
- Department of Drug Development Program, Phase I Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Center, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Paramjit Kaur
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, iOnctura SA, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Tracey Hammett
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, iOnctura SA, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Giusy Di Conza
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, iOnctura SA, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Michael Lahn
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, iOnctura SA, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
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9
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Tibbs E, Kandy RRK, Jiao D, Wu L, Cao X. Murine regulatory T cells utilize granzyme B to promote tumor metastasis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2927-2937. [PMID: 36826509 PMCID: PMC10690887 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) possess a wide range of mechanisms for immune suppression. Among them, Granzyme B (GzmB) and perforin expressed by Tregs were shown to inhibit tumor clearance in previous reports, which contradicted the canonical roles of these cytotoxic molecules expressed by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells in antitumor immune responses. Given the ability of the tumor to manipulate the microenvironment, Treg-derived GzmB function may represent an important approach to aid in tumor growth as well as facilitating tumor metastasis. In this study, we utilized Treg-specific GzmB knockout (Foxp3creGzmBfl/fl) mice to test whether Treg-derived GzmB can aid in tumor progression and metastasis. Using an IL-2 complex to activate GzmB expression in the non-immunogenic B16-F10 tumor model, we provide evidence to show that GzmB produced by Tregs is important for spontaneous metastasis to the lungs. In addition, we depleted CD8 + T cells to selectively measure the impact of Treg-derived GzmB in an experimental lung metastasis model by intravenous injection of B16-F10 tumor cells; our results demonstrate that Treg-derived GzmB plays an important role in increasing the metastatic burden to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Tibbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rakhee Rathnam Kalari Kandy
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, USA
| | - Delong Jiao
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, USA
| | - Long Wu
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, USA
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, USA.
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10
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Xi Y, Zhang Y, Zheng K, Zou J, Gui L, Zou X, Chen L, Hao J, Zhang Y. A chemotherapy response prediction model derived from tumor-promoting B and Tregs and proinflammatory macrophages in HGSOC. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1171582. [PMID: 37519793 PMCID: PMC10382026 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1171582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) experienced disease recurrence with cumulative chemoresistance, leading to treatment failure. However, few biomarkers are currently available in clinical practice that can accurately predict chemotherapy response. The tumor immune microenvironment is critical for cancer development, and its transcriptomic profile may be associated with treatment response and differential outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a new predictive signature for chemotherapy in patients with HGSOC. Methods Two HGSOC single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from patients receiving chemotherapy were reinvestigated. The subtypes of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related XBP1+ B cells, invasive metastasis-related ACTB+ Tregs, and proinflammatory-related macrophage subtypes with good predictive power and associated with chemotherapy response were identified. These results were verified in an independent HGSOC bulk RNA-seq dataset for chemotherapy. Further validation in clinical cohorts used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results By combining cluster-specific genes for the aforementioned cell subtypes, we constructed a chemotherapy response prediction model containing 43 signature genes that achieved an area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of 0.97 (p = 2.1e-07) for the GSE156699 cohort (88 samples). A huge improvement was achieved compared to existing prediction models with a maximum AUC of 0.74. In addition, its predictive capability was validated in multiple independent bulk RNA-seq datasets. The qRT-PCR results demonstrate that the expression of the six genes has the highest diagnostic value, consistent with the trend observed in the analysis of public data. Conclusions The developed chemotherapy response prediction model can be used as a valuable clinical decision tool to guide chemotherapy in HGSOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Zou
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lv Gui
- Department of Pathology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Jinshan Hospital Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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11
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Phillips JD, Fay KA, Bergeron AJ, Zhang P, Mielcarz DW, Calkins AM, Searles TG, Christensen BC, Finley DJ, Turk MJ, Channon JY. The Effect of Lung Resection for NSCLC on Circulating Immune Cells: A Pilot Study. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:5116-5134. [PMID: 37232845 PMCID: PMC10217048 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This pilot study sought to evaluate the circulating levels of immune cells, particularly regulatory T-cell (Treg) subsets, before and after lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Twenty-five patients consented and had specimens collected. Initially, peripheral blood of 21 patients was collected for circulating immune cell studies. Two of these patients were excluded due to technical issues, leaving 19 patients for the analyses of circulating immune cells. Standard gating and high-dimensional unsupervised clustering flow cytometry analyses were performed. The blood, tumors and lymph nodes were analyzed via single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing for Treg analyses in a total of five patients (including four additional patients from the initial 21 patients). Standard gating flow cytometry revealed a transient increase in neutrophils immediately following surgery, with a variable neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and a stable CD4-CD8 ratio. Unexpectedly, the total Treg and Treg subsets did not change with surgery with standard gating in short- or long-term follow-up. Similarly, unsupervised clustering of Tregs revealed a dominant cluster that was stable perioperatively and long-term. Two small FoxP3hi clusters slightly increased following surgery. In the longer-term follow-up, these small FoxP3hi Treg clusters were not identified, indicating that they were likely a response to surgery. Single-cell sequencing demonstrated six CD4+FoxP3+ clusters among the blood, tumors and lymph nodes. These clusters had a variable expression of FoxP3, and several were mainly, or only, present in tumor and lymph node tissue. As such, serial monitoring of circulating Tregs may be informative, but not completely reflective of the Tregs present in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Phillips
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Kayla A. Fay
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Peisheng Zhang
- DartLab, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | | | - Tyler G. Searles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Brock C. Christensen
- Departments of Epidemiology and Molecular & Systems Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - David J. Finley
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Lu S, Wang B, Wang J, Guo Y, Li S, Zhao S, Yang Y, Feng Y, Xu Z. Moxibustion for the Treatment of Cancer and its Complications: Efficacies and Mechanisms. Integr Cancer Ther 2023; 22:15347354231198089. [PMID: 37746720 PMCID: PMC10521285 DOI: 10.1177/15347354231198089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment remains a significant challenge for the medical community, and improved therapies are necessary to treat cancer and its associated complications. Current anticancer therapies often have significant side effects, underscoring the need for new treatment options. Moxibustion is a representative external therapy used in traditional Chinese medicine. This review examines clinical studies demonstrating moxibustion's ability to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy and control tumor progression. Moxibustion can prevent and treat various complications of cancer, including cancer-related or therapy-induced gastrointestinal symptoms, myelosuppression, fatigue, pain, and postoperative lymphedema. has also been shown to enhance the quality of life for cancer patients. However, very few studies have investigated the underlying mechanisms for these effects, a topic that requires systematic elucidation. Evidence has shown that moxibustion alone or combined with chemotherapy can improve survival and inhibit tumor growth in cancer-bearing animal models. The anticancer effect of moxibustion is associated with alleviating the tumor immunosuppressive and vascular microenvironments. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of moxibustion may originate from the heat and radiation produced during the combustion process on acupoints or lesions. This evidence provides a scientific basis for the clinical application of moxibustion in anticancer treatment and reducing the side effects of cancer therapies and helps promote the precise application of moxibustion in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Suhong Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhen Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Feng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P. R. China
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13
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Cheng T, Shan G, Yang H, Gu J, Lu C, Xu F, Ge D. Development of a ferroptosis-based model to predict prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and drug response for lung adenocarcinoma with weighted genes co-expression network analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1072589. [PMID: 36467089 PMCID: PMC9712758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1072589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this study was to create a risk model based on the ferroptosis gene set that affects lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients' prognosis and to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms. Material and Methods: A cohort of 482 LUAD patients from the TCGA database was used to develop the prognostic model. We picked the module genes from the ferroptosis gene set using weighted genes co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and univariate cox regression were used to screen the hub genes. Finally, the multivariate Cox analysis constructed a risk prediction score model. Three other cohorts of LUAD patients from the GEO database were included to validate the prediction ability of our model. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes (DEG), immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity were analyzed. Results: An eight-gene-based prognostic model, including PIR, PEBP1, PPP1R13L, CA9, GLS2, DECR1, OTUB1, and YWHAE, was built. The patients from the TCGA database were classified into the high-RS and low-RS groups. The high-RS group was characterized by poor overall survival (OS) and less immune infiltration. Based on clinical traits, we separated the patients into various subgroups, and RS had remarkable prediction performance in each subgroup. The RS distribution analysis demonstrated that the RS was significantly associated with the stage of the LUAD patients. According to the study of immune cell infiltration in both groups, patients in the high-RS group had a lower abundance of immune cells, and less infiltration was associated with worse survival. Besides, we discovered that the high-RS group might not respond well to immune checkpoint inhibitors when we analyzed the gene expression of immune checkpoints. However, drug sensitivity analysis suggested that high-RS groups were more sensitive to common LUAD agents such as Afatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, and Osimertinib. Conclusion: We constructed a novel and reliable ferroptosis-related model for LUAD patients, which was associated with prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and drug sensitivity, aiming to shed new light on the cancer biology and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fengkai Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Hu W, Pei Y, Ning R, Li P, Zhang Z, Hong Z, Bao C, Guo X, Sun Y, Zhang Q. Immunomodulatory effects of carbon ion radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04194-9. [PMID: 36138265 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is one of the main local treatment modalities for prostate cancer, while immunosuppressive effect induced by radiotherapy is an important factor of radiation resistance and treatment failure. Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a novel radiotherapy technique and the immunomodulatory effect of CIRT provides the possibility of overcoming radioresistance and improving efficacy. The aim of this study was to assess the immune response evoked by CIRT in localized prostate cancer patients. METHODS Thirty-two patients were treated by CIRT combined with or without hormone therapy and peripheral blood samples were collected before and after CIRT. Investigation of peripheral immune cell frequency, proliferation, and cytokine expression was conducted by flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the frequencies of CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + T cells and NK cells after CIRT. CD4/CD8 ratio increased whereas B cells decreased. All lymphocyte subsets except regulatory T cells (Tregs) displayed increased proliferation and T cells exhibited increased functionality after CIRT, characterized by modestly increased cytokine secretion of TNF. Moreover, higher frequencies of Tregs were shown. Neither monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) nor early MDSCs changed after CIRT. TGF-β1 gene expression decreased while IL-6 showed a non-significant trend towards a decrease. Both IL-10 gene expression and plasma TGF-β1 level were unchanged. CONCLUSION CIRT demonstrates the potential to elicit immune activation in localized prostate cancer patients, based on sparing lymphocytes, increased lymphocyte proliferation, enhanced T-cell functionality, together with limited induction of immunosuppressive cells and reduced expression of immunosuppressive cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Yulei Pei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Renli Ning
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China.,Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Ping Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Zhenshan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Zhengshan Hong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Cihang Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Xiaomao Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China. .,Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China.
| | - Yun Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China. .,Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China.
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15
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Baci D, Cekani E, Imperatori A, Ribatti D, Mortara L. Host-Related Factors as Targetable Drivers of Immunotherapy Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914890. [PMID: 35874749 PMCID: PMC9298844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite some significant therapeutic breakthroughs leading to immunotherapy, a high percentage of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) do not respond to treatment on relapse, thus experiencing poor prognosis and survival. The unsatisfying results could be related to the features of the tumor immune microenvironment and the dynamic interactions between a tumor and immune infiltrate. Host-tumor interactions strongly influence the course of disease and response to therapies. Thus, targeting host-associated factors by restoring their physiologic functions altered by the presence of a tumor represents a new therapeutic approach to control tumor development and progression. In NSCLC, the immunogenic tumor balance is shifted negatively toward immunosuppression due to the release of inhibitory factors as well as the presence of immunosuppressive cells. Among these cells, there are myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells that can generate a tumor-permissive milieu by reprogramming the cells of the hosts such as tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells that acquire tumor-supporting phenotypes and functions. This review highlights the current knowledge of the involvement of host-related factors, including innate and adaptive immunity in orchestrating the tumor cell fate and the primary resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy in NSCLC. Finally, we discuss combinational therapeutic strategies targeting different aspects of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to prime the host response. Further research dissecting the characteristics and dynamic interactions within the interface host-tumor is necessary to improve a patient fitness immune response and provide answers regarding the immunotherapy efficacy, with the aim to develop more successful treatments for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Baci
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.,Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elona Cekani
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Imperatori
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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16
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Kajihara R, Sakai H, Han Y, Amari K, Kawamoto M, Hakoyama Y, Nagashio S, Yamada SI, Sanjo H, Kurita H. Presence of periodontitis may synergistically contribute to cancer progression via Treg and IL-6. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11584. [PMID: 35804048 PMCID: PMC9270385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A close causal relationship has been suggested to exist between cancer and periodontitis. We hypothesized that the immune surveillance system is impaired in patients with periodontitis, which contributes to cancer development and growth. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between immune surveillance mechanisms and periodontitis in cancer patients. The presence or absence of periodontitis was assessed and the peripheral blood (PB) concentrations of IL-6, immunosuppressive cytokines (VEGF, TGF-β1, and CCL22) and proportion of T regulatory cells (Treg, CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 +) were measured. Subjects were classified into the following four groups: non-cancer patients without periodontitis (C − P −), non-cancer patients with periodontitis (C − P +), cancer patients without periodontitis (C + P −), and cancer patients with periodontitis (C + P +). The results of a multivariate analysis showed that the PB concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher in C + than in C- and higher in C + P + than in C + P −. The PB proportion of Treg was significantly higher in C + P + than in C + P −, C − P + , and C − P −. The results of this study suggested that the presence of periodontitis and cancer synergistically increased Treg in PB, which may be one of the underlying causes of immunosuppression and immune evasion in cancer. It was also suggested that the presence of periodontal disease and/or cancer also increases IL-6 in PB, which would be associated with cancer progression. These results suggest the possibility that the presence of periodontitis might synergistically contribute to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kajihara
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hironori Sakai
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Yibing Han
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kei Amari
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Makiko Kawamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hakoyama
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Sachiho Nagashio
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hideki Sanjo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurita
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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17
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Context-Dependent Effects Explain Divergent Prognostic Roles of Tregs in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122991. [PMID: 35740658 PMCID: PMC9221270 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune cells play an important role in cancer, with regard to classification, diagnostic or prognostic matters. In particular, we focused on the prognostic value of Tregs in this meta-analysis. We took into account the local context and their heterogeneity in order to solve their apparent ambiguous role. We used three proxies to recapitulate the complexity of the context: the neighboring cell, the tissue and the quantification method; and we carefully dissected the regulatory population into existing subsets. We showed that CD45RO+ Tregs had a reproducible negative prognostic value across all five cancer types studied (breast, colorectal, gastric, lung and ovarian). It suggests that Tregs from an homogeneous context have a consistent prognostic role across cancer types. Abstract Assessing cancer prognosis is a challenging task, given the heterogeneity of the disease. Multiple features (clinical, environmental, genetic) have been used for such assessments. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a key feature, and describing the impact of its many components on cancer prognosis is an active field of research. The complexity of the tumor microenvironment context makes it difficult to use the TIME to assess prognosis, as demonstrated by the example of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The effect of Tregs on prognosis is ambiguous, with different studies considering them to be negative, positive or neutral. We focused on five different cancer types (breast, colorectal, gastric, lung and ovarian). We clarified the definition of Tregs and their utility for assessing cancer prognosis by taking the context into account via the following parameters: the Treg subset, the anatomical location of these cells, and the neighboring cells. With a meta-analysis on these three parameters, we were able to clarify the prognostic role of Tregs. We found that CD45RO+ Tregs had a reproducible negative effect on prognosis across cancer types, and we gained insight into the contributions of the anatomical location of Tregs and of their neighboring cells on their prognostic value. Our results suggest that Tregs play a similar prognostic role in all cancer types. We also establish guidelines for improving the design of future studies addressing the pathophysiological role of Tregs in cancer.
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18
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Kwiecień I, Rutkowska E, Sokołowski R, Bednarek J, Raniszewska A, Jahnz-Różyk K, Rzepecki P, Domagała-Kulawik J. Effector Memory T Cells and CD45RO+ Regulatory T Cells in Metastatic vs. Non-Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Lung Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864497. [PMID: 35585972 PMCID: PMC9108231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes play a leading role in regulation of the immune system in lung cancer patients. The recognition of T cells profile may help in prediction of effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapy. The aim of the study was to determine the dominant subpopulation of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) of lung cancer patients. LNs aspirates were obtained during EBUS/TBNA procedure and cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. We showed a higher percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells in the metastatic than in the non-metastatic LNs (28.6 vs. 15.3% and 28.6 vs. 14.0%, p< 0.05). The proportion of CD45RO+ T regulatory cells (CD45RO+ Tregs) was higher in the metastatic LNs than in the non-metastatic ones (65.6 vs. 31%, p< 0.05). We reported the significant differences in T cell subsets depending on the lung cancer metastatic process. We observed that the effector memory T cells were predominant subpopulations in metastatic LNs. Lymphocyte profile in LNs is easy to evaluate by flow cytometry of EBUS/TBNA samples and may reflect the immune status in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kwiecień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Iwona Kwiecień, ;
| | - Elżbieta Rutkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Sokołowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bednarek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Raniszewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karina Jahnz-Różyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rzepecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Yan Y, Wang X, Liu C, Jia J. Association of lymphocyte subsets with efficacy and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma: a retrospective study. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:166. [PMID: 35484541 PMCID: PMC9052648 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved promising effects in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, not all patients with NSCLC benefit from immunotherapy. There is an urgent need to explore biomarkers that could predict the survival outcomes and therapeutic efficacy in advanced NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy. In this study, we aimed to assess the changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and their association with the therapeutic efficacy and clinical prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy.
Methods A total of 276 patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, NK cells, Tregs and B cells were collected before any treatment, before immunotherapy or chemotherapy, and after 4 cycles of immunotherapy or chemotherapy. T-test was used to analyze the factors influencing lymphocyte subsets and their changes before and after therapy. Logistic regression was used to plot ROC curves and analyze the relationship between lymphocyte subsets and therapeutic efficacy. Log-rank test and Cox regression model were used to evaluate the relationship between lymphocyte subsets and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Gender, distant metastasis, and EGFR mutation status are known to affect the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with advanced NSCLC. The proportions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Tregs and B cells were found to decrease after chemotherapy as compared to the baseline. The proportion of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, NK cells and Tregs were higher after immunotherapy than after chemotherapy. Compared to the baseline, the effective group showed significant increase in the proportions of CD4+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, NK cells and Tregs, and the number of CD8+ T cells was significantly lower in the peripheral blood after 4 cycles of immunotherapy. On the contrary, the ineffective group did not show any significant differences in the above parameters. Baseline CD4+ T cells and NK cells were independent predictors of immunotherapy efficacy and PFS. Baseline Tregs were independent predictor of immunotherapy efficacy. Conclusion Immune checkpoint inhibitors induced changes in the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients that responded well to immunotherapy. The levels of the different lymphocyte subsets could serve as valuable predictive biomarkers of efficacy and clinical prognosis for NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-01951-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junmei Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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20
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Amarillo D, Brugnini A, Trías N, Rodriguez Sande V, Salisbury S, Cuello M, Lens D. Circulating T regulatory cell subsets in patients with untreated lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1755-1763. [PMID: 35445283 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) play an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor immunoediting by preventing the development of effective antitumor immunity. Several reports showed that circulating Tregs are increased in patients with solid tumors, including lung cancer. Treg population could be categorized into "naive," "effector," and "memory" subtypes, bearing potential unique functions. However, the data regarding the prognostic impact of these Tregs subtypes is limited in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of different circulating Tregs subtypes in lung cancer and their correlation with clinical outcomes. METHODS We analyzed the frequency of circulating CD4, CD8 and, Tregs lymphocytes in 66 patients with lung cancer and 32 healthy controls using flow cytometry. Circulating Tregs subtypes: naïve (CD3+ , CD4+ , CCR4+ , CD25+ and CD127low, CD45RO-), memory (CD3+ , CD4+ , CCR4+ , CD25+ and CD127low, CD45RO+) and the expression of the activation marker HLA-DR were correlated with overall survival. RESULTS The percentage and the absolute number of total, memory and activated Tregs was significantly higher in lung cancer patients than healthy controls. Patients with a Tregs percentage higher than 5.4% and higher than 20% of HLA-DR + Tregs had worse overall survival than those with lower levels. CONCLUSIONS Circulating Tregs and activated Tregs are a potential prognostic factor in patients with lung cancer treated with conventional therapy and could be considered a predictive biomarker in patients not eligible for immune blockade treatments. Additionally, it will be interesting to study these Tregs subsets for immune treatments in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahiana Amarillo
- Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andreina Brugnini
- Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Trías
- Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Virginia Rodriguez Sande
- Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Siul Salisbury
- Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Cuello
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniela Lens
- Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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21
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Hong MMY, Maleki Vareki S. Addressing the Elephant in the Immunotherapy Room: Effector T-Cell Priming versus Depletion of Regulatory T-Cells by Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1580. [PMID: 35326731 PMCID: PMC8946681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) is an immune checkpoint molecule highly expressed on regulatory T-cells (Tregs) that can inhibit the activation of effector T-cells. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy can confer long-lasting clinical benefits in cancer patients as a single agent or in combination with other immunotherapy agents. However, patient response rates to anti-CTLA-4 are relatively low, and a high percentage of patients experience severe immune-related adverse events. Clinical use of anti-CTLA-4 has regained interest in recent years; however, the mechanism(s) of anti-CTLA-4 is not well understood. Although activating T-cells is regarded as the primary anti-tumor mechanism of anti-CTLA-4 therapies, mounting evidence in the literature suggests targeting intra-tumoral Tregs as the primary mechanism of action of these agents. Tregs in the tumor microenvironment can suppress the host anti-tumor immune responses through several cell contact-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy can enhance the priming of T-cells by blockading CD80/86-CTLA-4 interactions or depleting Tregs through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. This review will discuss proposed fundamental mechanisms of anti-CTLA-4 therapy, novel uses of anti-CTLA-4 in cancer treatment and approaches to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CTLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Y Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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22
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Melese ES, Franks E, Cederberg RA, Harbourne BT, Shi R, Wadsworth BJ, Collier JL, Halvorsen EC, Johnson F, Luu J, Oh MH, Lam V, Krystal G, Hoover SB, Raffeld M, Simpson RM, Unni AM, Lam WL, Lam S, Abraham N, Bennewith KL, Lockwood WW. CCL5 production in lung cancer cells leads to an altered immune microenvironment and promotes tumor development. Oncoimmunology 2021; 11:2010905. [PMID: 35481284 PMCID: PMC9038050 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2010905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Current immunotherapies for lung cancer are only effective in a subset of patients. Identifying tumor-derived factors that facilitate immunosuppression offers the opportunity to develop novel strategies to supplement and improve current therapeutics. We sought to determine whether expression of driver oncogenes in lung cancer cells affects cytokine secretion, alters the local immune environment, and influences lung tumor progression. We demonstrate that oncogenic EGFR and KRAS mutations, which are early events in lung tumourigenesis, can drive cytokine and chemokine production by cancer cells. One of the most prominent changes was in CCL5, which was rapidly induced by KRASG12V or EGFRL858R expression, through MAPK activation. Immunocompetent mice implanted with syngeneic KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells deficient in CCL5 have decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs), evidence of T cell exhaustion, and reduced lung tumor burden, indicating tumor-cell CCL5 production contributes to an immune suppressive environment in the lungs. Furthermore, high CCL5 expression correlates with poor prognosis, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and alteration to CD8 effector function in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our data support targeting CCL5 or CCL5 receptors on immune suppressive cells to prevent formation of an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment that promotes lung cancer progression and immunotherapy insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne S. Melese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Franks
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel A. Cederberg
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Bryant T. Harbourne
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rocky Shi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brennan J. Wadsworth
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Jenna L. Collier
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C. Halvorsen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Fraser Johnson
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Jennifer Luu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Min Hee Oh
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Vivian Lam
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gerald Krystal
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shelley B. Hoover
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R. Mark Simpson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Wan L. Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - William W. Lockwood
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
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23
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Guan Y, Ma Y, Tang Y, Liu X, Zhao Y, An L. MiRNA-221-5p suppressed the Th17/Treg ratio in asthma via RORγt/Foxp3 by targeting SOCS1. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:123. [PMID: 34863307 PMCID: PMC8643019 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to investigate the mechanism and effects of miRNA-221-5p on the T-helper 17 (Th17)/T-regulatory (Treg) ratio in asthma. Methods BALB/c mice were intranasally challenged with 100 µg OVA on 14 and 21 day. Mice were rechallenged with 2.5% OVA-PBS on 22 and 28 day. Mice were sacrificed using on day 30 under 35 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium. PBMCs were induced vitro model of asthma using 500 ng of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 4 h. Results The expression of miRNA-221-5p was reduced in in vivo model, compared sham group. The vitro model of asthma treated with miRNA-221-5p mimic resulted in the reduction of IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 levels, and induction of IL-10, IL-35 and TGF-β levels. In addition, down-regulation of miRNA-221-5p induced the protein expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) and suppressed that of FOXP3 in in vitro model of asthma. Over-expression of miRNA-221-5p induced the protein expression of FOXP3, and suppressed that of SOCS1 and RORγt in in vitro model of asthma. The inhibition of SOCS1 or RORγt attenuated the effects of anti-miRNA-221-5p on Th17/Treg ratio in asthma. Conclusion miRNA-221-5p may play critical roles in driving the differentiation of Th17/Treg ratio via RORγt/Foxp3 by Targeting SOCS1, reduced the function of Th17 cells by directly inhibiting RORγt/SOCS1 and promoted the function of Treg cells via Foxp3/ SOCS1 in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guan
- Department of Allergy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 199 Dongdazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuemei Ma
- Department of Allergy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Department of Allergy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 199 Dongdazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Allergy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 199 Dongdazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Allergy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 199 Dongdazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lixin An
- Department of Allergy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 199 Dongdazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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24
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Li H, Yu H, Lan S, Zhao D, Liu Y, Cheng Y. Aberrant Alteration of Circulating Lymphocyte Subsets in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Radiotherapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211039948. [PMID: 34851203 PMCID: PMC8649432 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211039948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The role of different circulating lymphocyte subsets, as well as their correlation with clinical characteristics of small cell lung cancer patients have not yet been fully understood. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the fluctuating absolute numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of patients with small cell lung cancer. Methods: The absolute counts and percentages of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of 329 patients with small cell lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The numbers of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD3-CD19+ B lymphocytes, and CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Their relationship with the patients' clinical characteristics were statistically evaluated. Results: The CD4/CD8 values derived from the absolute number and percentage of CD3+CD4+ cells divided by CD3+CD8+ cells were identical (1.86 ± 0.99). There was no association between any of the lymphocyte subsets levels and age/sex of the 329 patients with small cell lung cancer. The patients with advanced stage had a reduction in CD3+ and CD3+CD4+ T cell counts and a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. The levels of CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3-CD19+ B cells, CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK cells, and CD4/CD8 ratio were associated with advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage. Patients who had undergone radiotherapy were characterized by lymphopenia with lower numbers of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, NK cell, and CD4/CD8 ratio. The evaluation of individual CD4/CD8 ratio should be combined with other clinical parameters. Conclusions: Patients with small cell lung cancer have altered lymphocyte homeostasis. Lymphopenia was a long-lasting feature of the enrolled patients who were treated with radiotherapy. The available lymphocyte subsets levels might be used to manage the clinical treatment scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- 377382Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hong Yu
- 377382Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shaowei Lan
- 377382Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- 377382Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yan Liu
- 377382Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- 377382Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, China
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25
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Reijmen E, De Mey S, Van Damme H, De Ridder K, Gevaert T, De Blay E, Bouwens L, Collen C, Decoster L, De Couck M, Laoui D, De Grève J, De Ridder M, Gidron Y, Goyvaerts C. Transcutaneous Vagal Nerve Stimulation Alone or in Combination With Radiotherapy Stimulates Lung Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes But Fails to Suppress Tumor Growth. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772555. [PMID: 34925341 PMCID: PMC8671299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of radiotherapy (RT) with immunotherapy represents a promising treatment modality for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. As only a minority of patients shows a persistent response today, a spacious optimization window remains to be explored. Previously we showed that fractionated RT can induce a local immunosuppressive profile. Based on the evolving concept of an immunomodulatory role for vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), we tested its therapeutic and immunological effects alone and in combination with fractionated RT in a preclinical-translational study. Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing C57Bl/6 mice were treated with VNS, fractionated RT or the combination while a patient cohort with locally advanced NSCLC receiving concurrent radiochemotherapy (ccRTCT) was enrolled in a clinical trial to receive either sham or effective VNS daily during their 6 weeks of ccRTCT treatment. Preclinically, VNS alone or with RT showed no therapeutic effect yet VNS alone significantly enhanced the activation profile of intratumoral CD8+ T cells by upregulating their IFN-γ and CD137 expression. In the periphery, VNS reduced the RT-mediated rise of splenic, but not blood-derived, regulatory T cells (Treg) and monocytes. In accordance, the serological levels of protumoral CXCL5 next to two Treg-attracting chemokines CCL1 and CCL22 were reduced upon VNS monotherapy. In line with our preclinical findings on the lack of immunological changes in blood circulating immune cells upon VNS, immune monitoring of the peripheral blood of VNS treated NSCLC patients (n=7) did not show any significant changes compared to ccRTCT alone. As our preclinical data do suggest that VNS intensifies the stimulatory profile of the tumor infiltrated CD8+ T cells, this favors further research into non-invasive VNS to optimize current response rates to RT-immunotherapy in lung cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Tumor Burden
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Reijmen
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven De Mey
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Centre University Hospital Brussels (Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helena Van Damme
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kirsten De Ridder
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gevaert
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Centre University Hospital Brussels (Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmy De Blay
- Cell Differentiation Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bouwens
- Cell Differentiation Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Collen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Centre University Hospital Brussels (Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lore Decoster
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marijke De Couck
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Health Care, University College Odisee, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques De Grève
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Centre University Hospital Brussels (Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yori Gidron
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Yang Y, Tian W, Su L, Li P, Gong X, Shi L, Zhang Q, Zhao B, Zhao H. Tumor-Infiltrating Cytotoxic T Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages Correlate With the Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743540. [PMID: 34733785 PMCID: PMC8560008 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) play a key role in immunoregulatory networks and are related to tumor development. Emerging evidence shows that these cells are associated with sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the predictive role of TIICs in the outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is unclear. METHODS Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) was performed to comprehensively assess the immune status before nCRT in 6 patients with LARC (3 achieved pathological complete response (pCR), 3 did not) with matched clinicopathological parameters. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD8, CD163 and Foxp3 on biopsy samples from 70 patients prior to nCRT and logistic regression analysis were combined to further evaluate its predictive value for treatment responses in an independent validation group. RESULTS A trend of increased CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and decreased CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pCR group was revealed by IMC. In the validation group, CTLs and TAMs were strong predictors of the clinical response to nCRT. High levels of CTLs were positively associated with the pCR ratio (OR=1.042; 95% CI: 1.015~1.070, p=0.002), whereas TAMs were correlated with a poor response (OR=0.969; 95% CI: 0.941~0.998, p=0.036). A high density of TAMs was also associated with an advanced cN stage. CONCLUSION CTLs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may improve the response to nCRT, whereas TAMs have the opposite effect. These results suggest that these cells might be potential markers for the clinical outcomes of nCRT and aid in the clinical decision-making of LARC for improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Yang
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liqian Su
- Precision Medicine Center of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Peiqiu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital Affifiliated of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaohua Gong
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lu Shi
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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27
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Kim SH, Cho E, Kim YI, Han C, Choi BK, Kwon BS. Adoptive immunotherapy with transient anti-CD4 treatment enhances anti-tumor response by increasing IL-18Rα hi CD8 + T cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5314. [PMID: 34493727 PMCID: PMC8423719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) requires lymphodepletion preconditioning to eliminate immune-suppressive elements and enable efficient engraftment of adoptively transferred tumor-reactive T cells. As anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody depletes CD4+ immune-suppressive cells, the combination of anti-CD4 treatment and ACT has synergistic potential in cancer therapy. Here, we demonstrate a post-ACT conditioning regimen that involves transient anti-CD4 treatment (CD4post). Using murine melanoma, the combined effect of cyclophosphamide preconditioning (CTXpre), CD4post, and ex vivo primed tumor-reactive CD8+ T-cell infusion is presented. CTXpre/CD4post increases tumor suppression and host survival by accelerating the proliferation and differentiation of ex vivo primed CD8+ T cells and endogenous CD8+ T cells. Endogenous CD8+ T cells enhance effector profile and tumor-reactivity, indicating skewing of the TCR repertoire. Notably, enrichment of polyfunctional IL-18Rαhi CD8+ T cell subset is the key event in CTXpre/CD4post-induced tumor suppression. Mechanistically, the anti-tumor effect of IL-18Rαhi subset is mediated by IL-18 signaling and TCR–MHC I interaction. This study highlights the clinical relevance of CD4post in ACT and provides insights regarding the immunological nature of anti-CD4 treatment, which enhances anti-tumor response of CD8+ T cells. Lymphodepleting preconditioning is generally required prior to adoptive T cell therapy (ACT). Here the authors show in a preclinical melanoma model that anti-CD4 treatment as a post-conditioning regimen enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of ACT by promoting the expansion of IL-18Rαhi CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hee Kim
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Cho
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu I Kim
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungyong Han
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Beom K Choi
- Biomedicine Production Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung S Kwon
- Eutilex Institute for Biomedical Research, Eutilex Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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28
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Kang DH, Chung C, Sun P, Lee DH, Lee SI, Park D, Koh JS, Kim Y, Yi HS, Lee JE. Circulating regulatory T cells predict efficacy and atypical responses in lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:579-588. [PMID: 34278517 PMCID: PMC8854239 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the standard of care for a variety of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we investigated the frequency of pseudoprogression and hyperprogression in lung cancer patients treated with ICIs in the real world and aimed to discover a novel candidate marker to distinguish pseudoprogression from hyperprogression soon after ICI treatment. Methods This study included 74 patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors at Chungnam National University Hospital (CNUH) between January 2018 and August 2020. Chest X-rays were examined on day 7 after the first ICI dose to identify changes in the primary mass, and the response was assessed by computed tomography (CT). We evaluated circulating regulatory T (Treg) cells using flow cytometry and correlated the findings with clinical outcomes. Results The incidence of pseudoprogression was 13.5%, and that of hyperprogression was 8.1%. On day 7 after initiation of treatment, the frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127loFoxP3+ Treg cells was significantly decreased compared with baseline (P = 0.038) in patients who experienced pseudoprogression and significantly increased compared with baseline (P = 0.024) in patients who experienced hyperprogression. In the responder group, the frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127loFoxP3+ Treg cells and PD-1+CD4+CD25+CD127loFoxP3+ Treg cells were significantly decreased 7 days after commencement of treatment compared with baseline (P = 0.034 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Circulating Treg cells represent a promising potential dynamic biomarker to predict efficacy and differentiate atypical responses, including pseudoprogression and hyperprogression, after immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00262-021-03018-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Pureum Sun
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Da Hye Lee
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Song-I Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Dongil Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Jeong Suk Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
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Correlation between tumor infiltrating immune cells and peripheral regulatory T cell determined using methylation analyses and its prognostic significance in resected gastric cancer. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252480. [PMID: 34086741 PMCID: PMC8177409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs) are a highly immunosuppressive fraction of CD4+ T cells. We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of pTregs in patients with gastric cancer and to determine the correlation between pTregs and immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment. pTregs status was determined by assessing the pTreg/total T-cell ratio (ratio of Foxp3 Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) to CD3G/CD3D demethylation, so-called Cellular Ratio of Immune Tolerance “ImmunoCRIT”) using methylation analyses in 433 patients with gastric cancer who received curative surgery. Among 422 evaluable patients, 230 (54.5%) had high ImmunoCRIT (> 21.0). Patients with high ImmunoCRIT had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with high ImmunoCRIT (p = 0.030, p = 0.008, respectively). In multivariate analysis, high ImmunoCRIT kept a prognostic role for shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–2.9; p = 0.005). CD3+ cell density and CD4+ cell density was significantly higher within the tumor in high ImmunoCRIT group than those in low ImmunoCRIT group (CD3+ cell, 202.12/mm2vs. 172.2/mm2, p = 0.029; CD4+ cell, 56.5/mm2vs. 43.5/mm2, p = 0.007). In conclusion, the peripheral ImmunoCRIT determined by epigenetic methylation analysis provides prognostic information in resected gastric tumors.
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30
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Principe DR, Chiec L, Mohindra NA, Munshi HG. Regulatory T-Cells as an Emerging Barrier to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684098. [PMID: 34141625 PMCID: PMC8204014 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for lung cancer in recent years. These strategies consist of neutralizing antibodies against negative regulators of immune function, most notably cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), thereby impeding the ability of tumor cells to escape immune surveillance. Though ICIs have proven a significant advance in lung cancer therapy, overall survival rates remain low, and lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. It is therefore imperative to better understand the barriers to the efficacy of ICIs, particularly additional mechanisms of immunosuppression within the lung cancer microenvironment. Recent evidence suggests that regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs) serve as a central mediator of immune function in lung cancer, suppressing sterilizing immunity and contributing to the clinical failure of ICIs. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the roles of Tregs in lung cancer pathobiology and therapy, as well as the potential means through which these immunosuppressive mechanisms can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lauren Chiec
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nisha A Mohindra
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hidayatullah G Munshi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but efficacy remains limited in most clinical settings. Cancer is a systemic disease that induces many functional and compositional changes to the immune system as a whole. Immunity is regulated by interactions of diverse cell lineages across tissues. Therefore, an improved understanding of tumour immunology must assess the systemic immune landscape beyond the tumour microenvironment (TME). Importantly, the peripheral immune system is required to drive effective natural and therapeutically induced antitumour immune responses. In fact, emerging evidence suggests that immunotherapy drives new immune responses rather than the reinvigoration of pre-existing immune responses. However, new immune responses in individuals burdened with tumours are compromised even beyond the TME. Herein, we aim to comprehensively outline the current knowledge of systemic immunity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamir J Hiam-Galvez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Breanna M Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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32
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Goode EF, Roussos Torres ET, Irshad S. Lymph Node Immune Profiles as Predictive Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:674558. [PMID: 34141724 PMCID: PMC8205515 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.674558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for predictive biomarkers that can accurately predict patients who will respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapies remains a clinically unmet need. The majority of research efforts have focused on expression of immune-related markers on the tumour and its associated tumour microenvironment (TME). However, immune response to tumour neoantigens starts at the regional lymph nodes, where antigen presentation takes place and is regulated by multiple cell types and mechanisms. Knowledge of the immunological responses in bystander lymphoid organs following ICI therapies and their association with changes in the TME, could prove to be a valuable component in understanding the treatment response to these agents. Here, we review the emerging data on assessment of immunological responses within regional lymph nodes as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Goode
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Clinical Fellow, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evanthia T. Roussos Torres
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sheeba Irshad
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Clinician Scientist, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Sheehan K, Schalper KA. Tumor Microenvironment: Immune Effector and Suppressor Imbalance. Lung Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74028-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Gaissmaier L, Christopoulos P. Immune Modulation in Lung Cancer: Current Concepts and Future Strategies. Respiration 2020; 99:1-27. [PMID: 33291116 DOI: 10.1159/000510385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents the most dynamic field of biomedical research currently, with thoracic immuno-oncology as a forerunner. PD-(L)1 inhibitors are already part of standard first-line treatment for both non-small-cell and small-cell lung cancer, while unprecedented 5-year survival rates of 15-25% have been achieved in pretreated patients with metastatic disease. Evolving strategies are mainly aiming for improvement of T-cell function, increase of immune activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and supply of tumor-reactive lymphocytes. Several novel therapeutics have demonstrated preclinical efficacy and are increasingly used in rational combinations within clinical trials. Two overarching trends dominate: extension of immunotherapy to earlier disease stages, mainly as neoadjuvant treatment, and a shift of focus towards multivalent, individualized, mutatome-based antigen-specific modalities, mainly adoptive cell therapies and cancer vaccines. The former ensures ample availability of treated and untreated patient samples, the latter facilitates deeper mechanistic insights, and both in combination build an overwhelming force that is accelerating progress and driving the greatest revolution cancer medicine has seen so far. Today, immune modulation represents the most potent therapeutic modality in oncology, the most important topic in clinical and translational cancer research, and arguably our greatest, meanwhile justified hope for achieving cure of pulmonary neoplasms and other malignancies in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gaissmaier
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany,
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35
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Monteiro de Oliveira Novaes JA, Hirz T, Guijarro I, Nilsson M, Pisegna MA, Poteete A, Barsoumian HB, Fradette JJ, Chen LN, Gibbons DL, Tian X, Wang J, Myers JN, McArthur MJ, Bell D, William WN, Heymach JV. Targeting of CD40 and PD-L1 Pathways Inhibits Progression of Oral Premalignant Lesions in a Carcinogen-induced Model of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:313-324. [PMID: 33277316 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that PD-1 blockade decreased the incidence of high-grade dysplasia in a carcinogen-induced murine model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). It remains unknown, however, whether there are additional factors involved in escape from immune surveillance that could serve as additional targets for immunoprevention. We performed this study to further characterize the immune landscape of oral premalignant lesions (OPL) and determine the impact of targeting of the PD-1, CTLA-4, CD40, or OX40 pathways on the development of OPLs and oral carcinomas in the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide model. The immune pathways were targeted using mAbs or, in the case of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, using PD-L1-knockout (PD-L1ko) mice. After intervention, tongues and cervical lymph nodes were harvested and analyzed for malignant progression and modulation of the immune milieu, respectively. Targeting of CD40 with an agonist mAb was the most effective treatment to reduce transition of OPLs to OSCC; PD-1 alone or in combination with CTLA-4 inhibition, or PD-L1ko, also reduced progression of OPLs to OSCC, albeit to a lesser extent. Distinct patterns of immune system modulation were observed for the CD40 agonists compared with blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis with or without CTLA-4 blockade; CD40 agonist generated a lasting expansion of experienced/memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes and M1 macrophages, whereas PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade resulted in a pronounced depletion of regulatory T cells among other changes. These data suggest that distinct approaches may be used for targeting different steps in the development of OSCC, and that CD40 agonists merit investigation as potential immunoprevention agents in this setting. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade, as well as activation of the CD40 pathway, were able to prevent OPL progression into invasive OSCC in a murine model. A distinct pattern of immune modulation was observed when either the CD40 or the PD-1/PD-L1 pathways were targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taghreed Hirz
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Irene Guijarro
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Monique Nilsson
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marlese A Pisegna
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alissa Poteete
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hampartsoum B Barsoumian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jared J Fradette
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Limo N Chen
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark J McArthur
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William N William
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Oncology Center, Hospital BP, a Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John V Heymach
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Flow Cytometry: From Experimental Design to Its Application in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228830. [PMID: 33266385 PMCID: PMC7700151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of flow cytometry (FCM) have highlighted the importance of incorporating it as a basic analysis tool in laboratories. FCM not only allows the identification of cell subpopulations by detecting the expression of molecules in the cell membrane or cytoplasm, but it can also quantify and identify soluble molecules. The proper functioning of the FCM requires six fundamental systems, from those related to the transport of events to the systems dedicated to the analysis of information. In this review, we have identified the main considerations that every FCM user must know for an optimal antibody panel design, the quality systems that must govern the FCM protocols to guarantee reproducible results in research or clinical laboratories. Finally, we have introduced the current evidence that highlights the relevance of FCM in the investigation and clinical diagnosis of respiratory diseases, establishing important advances in the basic and clinical study of diseases as old as Tuberculosis along with the recent proposals for the monitoring and classification of patients infected with the new SARS-CoV2 virus.
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Regulatory (FoxP3 +) T cells and TGF-β predict the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18994. [PMID: 33149213 PMCID: PMC7642363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antitumor immune responses induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 have been used as therapeutic strategies in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients over the last decade. Favorable antitumor activity to immune checkpoint inhibitors is correlated with high PD-L1 expression, increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and decreased suppressive immune cells including Treg cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, or tumor-associated macrophages in various cancer types. In this study, we investigated the potential correlation between clinical outcomes and peripheral blood immune cell profiles, specifically focused on FoxP3+ Treg cells, collected at baseline and one week after anti-PD-1 therapy in two independent cohorts of patients with NSCLC: a discovery cohort of 83 patients and a validation cohort of 49 patients. High frequencies of circulating Treg cells one week after anti-PD-1 therapy were correlated with a high response rate, longer progression-free survival, and overall survival. Furthermore, high levels of TGF-β and Treg cells were associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Our results suggest that higher levels of FoxP3+ Treg cells and TGF-β can predict a favorable response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Papadimitriou K, Tsakirakis N, Malandrakis P, Vitsos P, Metousis A, Orologas-Stavrou N, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Kanellias N, Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou E, Pothos P, Fotiou D, Gavriatopoulou M, Kastritis E, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Tsitsilonis OE, Kostopoulos IV. Deep Phenotyping Reveals Distinct Immune Signatures Correlating with Prognostication, Treatment Responses, and MRD Status in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3245. [PMID: 33158030 PMCID: PMC7692501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease with apparent heterogeneity that may explain patients' variable clinical outcomes. While the phenotypic, (epi)genetic, and molecular characteristics of myeloma cells have been thoroughly examined, there is limited information regarding the role of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in the natural history of the disease. In the present study, we performed deep phenotyping of 32 distinct immune cell subsets in a cohort of 94 MM patients to reveal unique immune profiles in both BM and peripheral blood (PB) that characterize distinct prognostic groups, responses to induction treatment, and minimal residual disease (MRD) status. Our data show that PB cells do not reflect the BM microenvironment and that the two sites should be studied independently. Adverse ISS stage and high-risk cytogenetics were correlated with distinct immune profiles; most importantly, BM signatures comprised decreased tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and erythroblasts, whereas the unique Treg signatures in PB could discriminate those patients achieving complete remission after VRd induction therapy. Moreover, MRD negative status was correlated with a more experienced CD4- and CD8-mediated immunity phenotype in both BM and PB, thus highlighting a critical role of by-stander cells linked to MRD biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Tsakirakis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Malandrakis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Vitsos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Andreas Metousis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Orologas-Stavrou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Kanellias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelos Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Pothos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Despina Fotiou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Ioannis V. Kostopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
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FoxP3 + T regulatory cells in cancer: Prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cancer Lett 2020; 490:174-185. [PMID: 32721551 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T Regulatory cells (Tregs) can have both protective and pathological roles. They maintain immune homeostasis and inhibit immune responses in various diseases, including cancer. Proportions of Tregs in the peripheral blood of some cancer patients increase by approximately two-fold, compared to those in healthy individuals. Tregs contribute to cancer development and progression by suppressing T effector cell functions, thereby compromising tumor killing and promoting tumor growth. Highly immunosuppressive Tregs express upregulated levels of the transcription factor, Forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3). Elevated levels of FoxP3+ Tregs within the tumor microenvironment (TME) showed a positive correlation with poor prognosis in various cancer patients. Despite the success of immunotherapy, including the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, a significant proportion of patients show low response rates as a result of primary or acquired resistance against therapy. Some of the mechanisms which underlie the development of therapy resistance are associated with Treg suppressive function. In this review, we describe Treg contribution to cancer development/progression, and the mechanisms of Treg-mediated immunosuppression. We discuss the prognostic significance of FoxP3+ Tregs in different cancers and their potential use as prognostic biomarkers. We also describe potential therapeutic strategies to target Tregs in combination with other types of immunotherapies aiming to overcome tumor resistance and improve clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Overall, understanding the prognostic significance of FoxP3+ Tregs in various cancers and their contribution to therapy resistance could help in the development of more effective targeted therapeutic strategies to enhance the clinical outcomes in cancer patients.
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Zhao B, Hui X, Jiao L, Bi L, Wang L, Huang P, Yang W, Yin Y, Jin S, Wang C, Zhang X, Xu L. A TCM Formula YYWY Inhibits Tumor Growth in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Enhances Immune-Response Through Facilitating the Maturation of Dendritic Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:798. [PMID: 32595493 PMCID: PMC7301756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In worldwide, lung cancer has a major socio-economic impact and is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths. Current therapies for lung cancer are still quite unsatisfactory, urging for alternative new treatments. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is currently increasingly popular and exhibits a complicated intervention in cancers therapy. In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor effect and explored the mechanisms of a TCM formula Yangyinwenyang (YYWY) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) models. YYWY induced the apoptosis of lung cancer cells in vitro. In Lewis NSCLC-bearing mice model, YYWY significantly inhibited the tumor growth. Further, RNA-seq analysis and immunostaining of the tumor tissue implied the critical role of YYWY in the regulation of immune response, especially the dendritic cells (DCs) in the effect of YYWY. Therefore, we focused on DCs, which were the initiator and modulator of the immune response. YYWY facilitated the maturation of DCs through MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and promoted the release of the cytokines IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by DCs. Moreover, the YYWY-matured DCs enhanced the proliferation of T cells and promoted the differentiation of T cells into T helper Th1 and cytotoxic T cell (CTL). In addition, YYWY increased the ratio of Th1/Th2 (IFN-γ/IL-4 radio). Collectively, our findings clearly suggested that YYWY exerted an anti-tumor effect on NSCLC, at least partially through facilitating the mature DCs to activate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Hui
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lijing Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Bi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- A Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Piao Huang
- A Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiao Yang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Yin
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenyi Jin
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- A Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Skougaard K, Østrup O, Guldbrandsen K, Sørensen B, Meldgaard P, Saghir Z, Gørtz P, Lonsdale MN, Frank MS, Gerke O, Rychwicka-Kielek BA, Persson G, Land LH, Schytte T, Bodtger U, Skuladottir H, Søgaard J, Nielsen SS, Rasmussen TR, Fischer BM. Surveillance With PET/CT and Liquid Biopsies of Stage I-III Lung Cancer Patients After Completion of Definitive Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (SUPER). Clin Lung Cancer 2020; 21:e61-e64. [PMID: 31839533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite increased focus on prevention as well as improved treatment possibilities, lung cancer remains among the most frequent and deadliest cancer diagnoses worldwide. Even lung cancer patients treated with curative intent have a high risk of relapse, leading to a dismal prognosis. More knowledge on the efficacy of surveillance with both current and new technologies as well as on the impact on patient treatment, quality of life, and survival are urgently needed. We therefore designed a randomized phase 3 trial. In one arm, every other computed tomography (CT) scan is replaced by positron emission tomography/CT, the other arm is the standard follow-up scheme with CT. The standard arm is identical to the current national Danish follow-up program. The primary endpoint is to compare the number of relapses treatable with curative intent in the 2 arms. We aim to include 750 patients over a 3-year period. Additionally, we will test the feasibility of noninvasive lung cancer diagnostics and surveillance in the form of circulating tumor DNA analysis. For this purpose, blood samples are collected before treatment and at each following control. The blood samples are stored in a biobank for later analysis and will not be used for guiding patient treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Skougaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Olga Østrup
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Guldbrandsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Boe Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Meldgaard
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zaigham Saghir
- Department of Pulmonology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Peter Gørtz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Markus Nowak Lonsdale
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Gitte Persson
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lotte Holm Land
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tine Schytte
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Bodtger
- Department of Pulmonology, Zealand University Hospital Næstved, Næstved, Denmark
| | | | - Jes Søgaard
- Institute of Health Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Steen Nielsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Barbara Malene Fischer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; PET Center, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Kings College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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42
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Short-term prognostic effects of circulating regulatory T-Cell suppressive function and vascular endothelial growth factor level in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2020; 70:88-96. [PMID: 32248035 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if suppressive function of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) levels are closely associated with prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS Peripheral blood from 20 OSA patients, 44 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients with (n = 22) and without (n = 22) OSA was collected. Forkhead box protien 3 plus (Foxp3+) and CTLA-4+ Tregs ratio were analyzed with flow cytometry. Levels of VEGF, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were analyzed with enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. NSCLC patients with and without OSA were followed up for two years. Optimal cutoff values were determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. Survival analysis were performed using the Kaplan-Meier test. RESULTS NSCLC patients with OSA showed higher Foxp3+Tregs ratio, higher plasma VEGF and TGF-β1 levels when compared with NSCLC patients without OSA (P < 0.05). In NSCLC patients with OSA or not, subjects with higher Foxp3+Treg ratio, higher TGF-β1 and VEGF levels tended to have poor mean survival time and two-year overall survival (OS, Foxp3+Treg: 636.7 vs. 704.8 days, 59.0% vs. 82.6%, P = 0.125; TGF-β1: 637.8 vs. 698.4 days, 57.0% vs. 84.4%, P = 0.054; VEGF: 642.9 vs. 677.5 days, 48.6% vs. 81.3%, P = 0.074). Multivariate Cox regression adjusted for disease stage and receipt of systemic treatments, confirmed the links between high VEGF level and worse OS (HR: 1.003; 95% CI: 1.001-1.005; P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS OSA may up-regulate the expression of circulating TGF-β1, VEGF and Foxp3+Tregs expression in NSCLC patients. Elevated VEGF level is closely associated with worse short-term survival in NSCLC patients with OSA or not.
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Battaglia A, Buzzonetti A, Fossati M, Scambia G, Fattorossi A, Madiyalakan MR, Mahnke YD, Nicodemus C. Translational immune correlates of indirect antibody immunization in a randomized phase II study using scheduled combination therapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel plus oregovomab in ovarian cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:383-397. [PMID: 31897661 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The standard-of-care (SOC) first-line therapy for ovarian cancer (OC) patients is plagued with high relapse rates. Several studies indicated the immune system's prominent role changing the disease course in OC patients. Chemo-immunotherapy regimens, currently being explored, include oregovomab, which is a monoclonal antibody specific for the OC associated antigen carbohydrate/cancer antigen 125 (CA125) that yielded promising results when administered together with SOC in a previous study. The QPT-ORE-002 multi-site phase II randomized study demonstrated that in patients with advanced OC, oregovomab combined with first-line SOC improved overall and progression-free survival, compared to SOC alone. The study included an Italian cohort in which we demonstrated that adding oregovomab to SOC resulted in increased patient numbers with amplified CA125-specific CD8+T lymphocytes/ml peripheral blood counts, which might explain the improved therapeutic effect of SOC + oregovomab over SOC alone. Predictive for oregovomab efficacy was a less suppressive immune environment at baseline as indicated by low numbers of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells, subset type 4, and a low neutrophil-and-monocyte to lymphocyte ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Battaglia
- Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alexia Buzzonetti
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fossati
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fattorossi
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Singh R, Alape D, de Lima A, Ascanio J, Majid A, Gangadharan SP. Regulatory T Cells in Respiratory Health and Diseases. Pulm Med 2019; 2019:1907807. [PMID: 31827925 PMCID: PMC6886321 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1907807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases compromise the health of millions of people all over the world and are strongly linked to the immune dysfunction. CD4+FOXP3+ T regulatory cells, also known as Tregs, have a central role maintaining tissue homeostasis during immune responses. Their activity and clinical impact have been widely studied in different clinical conditions including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, and cancer, amongst others. Tregs express transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), which allows regulation of the immune response through anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 or transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and direct cell-to-cell interaction. Maintenance of immune tolerance is achieved via modulation of effector CD4+ T helper 1, 2 or 17 (Th1, Th2, Th17) cells by Tregs. This review highlights the recent progress in the understanding of Tregs in different disorders of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Singh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Alape
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrés de Lima
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Ascanio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adnan Majid
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sidhu P. Gangadharan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Li YD, Lamano JB, Lamano JB, Quaggin-Smith J, Veliceasa D, Kaur G, Biyashev D, Unruh D, Bloch O. Tumor-induced peripheral immunosuppression promotes brain metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1501-1513. [PMID: 31489465 PMCID: PMC7037587 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain metastases are a significant source of morbidity and mortality for patients with lung cancer. Lung cancer can induce local and systemic immunosuppression, promoting tumor growth and dissemination. One mechanism of immunosuppression is tumor-induced expansion of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressing myeloid cells. Here, we investigate peripheral blood immune phenotype in NSCLC patients with or without brain metastasis. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from patients with lung metastatic brain tumors and pre-metastatic lung cancer. Immunosuppressive monocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were quantified through flow cytometry. T cell reactivity was analyzed via ELISpot. Brain metastasis conditioned media was collected from tumor-derived cell cultures and analyzed for cytokines by ELISA. Naïve monocytes were stimulated with brain metastasis conditioned media to evaluate PD-L1 stimulation. RESULTS Patients with brain metastatic lung carcinoma demonstrated increased peripheral monocyte PD-L1, MDSC abundance, and Treg percentage compared to early stage pre-metastatic patients and healthy controls. Patients with elevated peripheral monocyte PD-L1 had less reactive T cells and worse survival. Brain metastasis conditioned media stimulation increased monocyte PD-L1, and conditioned media IL-6 levels correlated with PD-L1 induction. Treatment with anti-IL-6 or anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies reduced PD-L1 expression. In summary, patients with lung cancer and brain metastases exhibit multiple markers of peripheral immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of PD-L1+ myeloid cells correlated with the presence of brain metastases. Tumor-derived IL-6 was capable of inducing PD-L1+ myeloid cells in vitro, suggesting that monitoring of immunosuppressive factors in peripheral blood may identify new targets for therapeutic intervention in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping D Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan B Lamano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason B Lamano
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jessica Quaggin-Smith
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dorina Veliceasa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dauren Biyashev
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dusten Unruh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Orin Bloch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California - Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3740, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Liu C, Sun B, Hu X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Yue J, Yu J. Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for Pulmonary Recurrence-Based Oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Survival and Prognostic Value of Regulatory T Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:1055-1064. [PMID: 31437470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated survival of patients with pulmonary recurrence-based oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose lesions were all treated with stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) and the prognostic value of peripheral immune cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this prospective observational cohort study, we prospectively enrolled 63 patients with oligometastatic NSCLC, for whom all metastases were treated with SABR. Peripheral blood samples were collected 3 days before treatment began, and flow cytometry was used to identify proportions of regulatory T cells (Tregs; CD4+CD25+CD127low), B cells, NK cells, γδT cells, CD8+CD28+ T cells, and CD8+CD28- T cells. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the potential prognostic value of clinicopathologic factors was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS At a median follow-up time of 19.1 months, estimated OS rates were 84.3% at 1 year, 63.4% at 2 years, and 44.0% at 3 years; corresponding PFS rates were 55.2%, 30.9%, and 25.7%. Estimated local control rates were 96.7% at 1 year and 92.7% at both 2 years and 3 years. Patients with high numbers of Tregs had poorer OS and PFS than did those with low numbers of Tregs (OS: 16.1 months vs not reached, P = .006; PFS: 11.0 vs 21.7 months, P = .013). Treg level was found to be an independent predictor of both OS and PFS in multivariate analyses (OS: hazard ratio 2.68, P = .038; PFS: hazard ratio 2.35, P = .011). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the independent prognostic value of Tregs in patients treated with SABR for pulmonary recurrence-based oligometastatic NSCLC. Additional treatments may be needed for patients with oligometastatic NSCLC and poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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47
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Narsale A, Moya R, Ma J, Anderson LJ, Wu D, Garcia JM, Davies JD. Cancer-driven changes link T cell frequency to muscle strength in people with cancer: a pilot study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:827-843. [PMID: 30977974 PMCID: PMC6711422 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour growth can promote the loss of muscle mass and function. This is particularly disturbing because overall survival is significantly reduced in people with weaker and smaller skeletal muscle. The risk of cancer is also greater in people who are immune deficient. Muscle wasting in mice with cancer can be inhibited by infusion of CD4+ precursor T cells that restore balanced ratios of naïve, memory, and regulatory T cells. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that stronger anti-cancer T cell immunity leads to improved muscle mass and function. As a first step to testing this hypothesis, we determined whether levels of circulating T cell subsets correlate with levels of muscle strength in people with cancer. METHODS The frequency of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ naïve, memory, and regulatory T cell subsets was quantified in 11 men with gastrointestinal cancer (aged 59.3 ± 10.1 years) and nine men without cancer (aged 60 ± 13 years), using flow cytometry. T cell marker expression was determined using real-time PCR and western blot analyses in whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Handgrip strength, one-repetition maximum chest press, and knee extension tests were used to determine muscle strength. Performance was determined using a stair climb test. Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. The Karnofsky and ECOG scales were used to assess functional impairment. Correlations between frequencies of cell subsets with strength, performance, and body composition were determined using regression analyses. RESULTS Our data show significant correlations between (i) higher frequencies of CD8+ naïve (P = 0.02) and effector memory (P = 0.003) T cells and lower frequencies of CD8+ central memory T cells (P = 0.002) with stronger handgrip strength, (ii) lower frequency of regulatory cells with greater lean mass index (P = 0.04), (iii) lower frequency of CD8+ T cells that express CD95 with greater stair climb power (P = 0.003), (iv) higher frequency of T cells that co-express CD197 and CD45RA and greater one-repetition maximum knee extension strength (P = 0.008), and (iv) higher expression of CD4 in whole blood with greater functional impairment (P = 0.004) in people with cancer. CONCLUSIONS We have identified significant correlations between levels of T cell populations and muscle strength, performance, and body composition in people with cancer. These data justify a follow-up study with a larger cohort to test the validity of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Narsale
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Rosa Moya
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Jasmin Ma
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Lindsey J Anderson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Wu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Oncology Section, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose M Garcia
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, MCL, Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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48
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Song L, Ma S, Chen L, Miao L, Tao M, Liu H. Long-term prognostic significance of interleukin-17-producing T cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2100-2109. [PMID: 31100180 PMCID: PMC6609818 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of interleukin (IL)‐17‐producing T cells has recently been reported in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the long‐term prognostic significance of these populations in NSCLC patients remains unknown. In the present study, we collected peripheral blood from 82 NSCLC patients and 22 normal healthy donors (NC). Percentages of IL‐17‐producing CD4+T (Th17), CD8+T (Tc17) and γδT cells (γδT17) were measured to determine their association with clinical outcomes and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC. All NSCLC patients were followed up until July 2018. Median follow‐up time was 13.5 months (range 1‐87 months). The 3‐ and 5‐year survival rate was 27% and 19.6%, respectively. We found that Th17 cells and γδT17 cells were significantly increased, whereas Tc17 cells were markedly decreased in patients with NSCLC compared with those in NC. In addition, Th17 cells were significantly positively associated with T helper type 1 cells (Th1), whereas γδT17 cells were significantly negatively associated with γδT + interferon (IFN)‐γ+ cells. High percentages of peripheral Tc17 cells were significantly associated with favorable 5‐year OS (P = .025), especially in patients with early TNM stage (P = .016). Furthermore, high percentages of peripheral Th17 cells were positively associated with favorable 5‐year OS in patients with late TNM stage (P = .002). However, no significant association was observed between γδT17 cells and OS, regardless of the TNM stage. In conclusion, our findings suggest that enhanced Th17 and reduced Tc17 cells in the peripheral blood could be a significant predictor of a favorable prognosis for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Department of Oncology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shoubao Ma
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Longpei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Miao
- Department of Oncology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,PREMED Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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49
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Beane JE, Mazzilli SA, Campbell JD, Duclos G, Krysan K, Moy C, Perdomo C, Schaffer M, Liu G, Zhang S, Liu H, Vick J, Dhillon SS, Platero SJ, Dubinett SM, Stevenson C, Reid ME, Lenburg ME, Spira AE. Molecular subtyping reveals immune alterations associated with progression of bronchial premalignant lesions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1856. [PMID: 31015447 PMCID: PMC6478943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial premalignant lesions (PMLs) are precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma, but have variable outcome, and we lack tools to identify and treat PMLs at risk for progression to cancer. Here we report the identification of four molecular subtypes of PMLs with distinct differences in epithelial and immune processes based on RNA-Seq profiling of endobronchial biopsies from high-risk smokers. The Proliferative subtype is enriched with bronchial dysplasia and exhibits up-regulation of metabolic and cell cycle pathways. A Proliferative subtype-associated gene signature identifies subjects with Proliferative PMLs from normal-appearing uninvolved large airway brushings with high specificity. In progressive/persistent Proliferative lesions expression of interferon signaling and antigen processing/presentation pathways decrease and immunofluorescence indicates a depletion of innate and adaptive immune cells compared with regressive lesions. Molecular biomarkers measured in PMLs or the uninvolved airway can enhance histopathological grading and suggest immunoprevention strategies for intercepting the progression of PMLs to lung cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biopsy
- Bronchi/diagnostic imaging
- Bronchi/immunology
- Bronchi/pathology
- Bronchoscopy
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/immunology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/prevention & control
- Cohort Studies
- Datasets as Topic
- Disease Progression
- Early Detection of Cancer/methods
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Gene Regulatory Networks/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mass Screening/methods
- Middle Aged
- Precancerous Conditions/diagnostic imaging
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Respiratory Mucosa/cytology
- Respiratory Mucosa/diagnostic imaging
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Grant Duclos
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gang Liu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sherry Zhang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jessica Vick
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | | | - Steven M Dubinett
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Mary E Reid
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Avrum E Spira
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Johnson and Johnson Innovation, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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50
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Liu C, Hu Q, Hu K, Su H, Shi F, Kong L, Zhu H, Yu J. Increased CD8+CD28+ T cells independently predict better early response to stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in patients with lung metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2019; 17:120. [PMID: 30971280 PMCID: PMC6458628 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) shows a remarkable local control of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastases, partially as a result of host immune status. However, the predictors of immune cells for tumor response after SABR are unknown. To that effect, we investigated the ability of pre-SABR immune cells in peripheral blood to predict early tumor response to SABR in patients with lung metastases from NSCLC. Methods This study included 70 patients with lung metastases from NSCLC who were undergoing SABR. We evaluated the early tumor response 1 month and 6 months after SABR in these patients following RECIST 1.1 guidelines. Pre-SABR peripheral CD8+ T cell count, CD8+CD28+ T-cell count, CD8+CD28− T-cell count, CD4+ T-cell count, and Treg-cell count were measured using flow cytometry. Results Increased CD8+CD28+ T-cell counts (14.43 ± 0.65 vs. 10.21 ± 0.66; P = 0.001) and CD4/Treg ratio (16.96 ± 1.76 vs. 11.91 ± 0.74; P = 0.011) were noted in 1-month responsive patients, compared with non-responsive patients. In univariate logistic analyses, high CD8+CD28+ T-cell counts (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.48; P = 0.003), CD4/Treg ratio (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06–0.90; P = 0.035), and BED10 (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99; P = 0.032) predicted a 1-month tumor response to SABR. According to multivariate logistic analyses, the CD8+CD28+ T-cell count predicted a 1-month tumor response to SABR (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.90; P = 0.037) independently. Furthermore, we confirmed the independent predictive value of the CD8+CD28+ T-cell count in predicting tumor response to SABR in 41 patients 6 months after treatment (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.85; P = 0.039). Conclusions A pre-SABR CD8+CD28+ T-cell count could predict early tumor response to SABR in patients with lung metastases from NSCLC. Larger, independently prospective analyses are warranted to verify our findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1872-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Qinyong Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huichao Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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