1
|
Huang P, Yang J, Ke J, Cai L, Hu Y, Ni J, Li C, Xu ZF, Tang M. Inhibition of flowering by gibberellins in the woody plant Jatropha curcas is restored by overexpression of JcFT. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112100. [PMID: 38679393 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas (J. curcas) is a perennial oil-seed plant with vigorous vegetative growth but relatively poor reproductive growth and low seed yield. Gibberellins (GAs) promotes flowering in most annual plants but inhibits flowering in many woody plants, including J. curcas. However, the underlying mechanisms of GA inhibits flowering in perennial woody plants remain unclear. Here, we found that overexpression of the GA biosynthesis gene JcGA20ox1 inhibits flowering in J. curcas and in J. curcas × J. integerrima hybrids. Consistent with this finding, overexpression of the GA catabolic gene JcGA2ox6 promotes flowering in J. curcas. qRTPCR revealed that inhibits floral transition by overexpressing JcGA20ox1 resulted from a decrease in the expression of JcFT and other flowering-related genes, which was restored by overexpressing JcFT in J. curcas. Overexpression of JcGA20ox1 or JcGA2ox6 reduced seed yield, but overexpression of JcFT significantly increased seed yield. Furthermore, hybridization experiments showed that the reduction in seed yield caused by overexpression of JcGA20ox1 or JcGA2ox6 was partially restored by the overexpression of JcFT. In addition, JcGA20ox1, JcGA2ox6 and JcFT were also found to be involved in the regulation of seed oil content and endosperm development. In conclusion, our study revealed that the inhibitory effect of GA on flowering is mediated through JcFT and demonstrated the effects of JcGA20ox1, JcGA2ox6 and JcFT on agronomic traits in J. curcas. This study also indicates the potential value of GA metabolism genes and JcFT in the breeding of new varieties of woody oil-seed plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jiapeng Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Li Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yingxiong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jun Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Chaoqiong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Mingyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Bai X, Su Y, Deng H, Cai L, Ming X, Tao YB, He H, Xu ZF, Tang M. JcSEUSS1 negatively regulates reproductive organ development in perennial woody Jatropha curcas. PLANTA 2023; 258:88. [PMID: 37755517 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Overexpression of JcSEUSS1 resulted in late flowering, reduced flower number, wrinkled kernels, and decreased seed yield in Jatopha curcas, while downregulation of JcSEUSS1 increased flower number and seed production. The seed oil of Jatropha curcas is suitable as an ideal alternative for diesel fuel, yet the seed yield of Jatropha is restricted by its small number of female flowers and low seed setting rate. Therefore, it is crucial to identify genes that regulate flowering and seed set, and hence improve seed yield. In this study, overexpression of JcSEUSS1 resulted in late flowering, fewer flowers and fruits, and smaller fruits and seeds, causing reduced seed production and oil content. In contrast, the downregulation of JcSEUSS1 by RNA interference (RNAi) technology caused an increase in the flower number and seed yield. However, the flowering time, seed number per fruit, seed weight, and size exhibited no obvious changes in JcSEUSS1-RNAi plants. Moreover, the fatty acid composition also changed in JcSEUSS1 overexpression and RNAi plants, the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) was increased in overexpression plants, and the saturated FAs were increased in RNAi plants. These results indicate that JcSEUSS1 played a negative role in regulating reproductive growth and worked redundantly with other genes in the regulation of flowering time, seed number per fruit, seed weight, and size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Yiqing Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongjun Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Cai
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ming
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Bin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiying He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Mingyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Mengla, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Zhang X, Liu X, Pai Q, Wang Y, Wu X. Molecular Network for Regulation of Seed Size in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10666. [PMID: 37445843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The size of seeds is particularly important for agricultural development, as it is a key trait that determines yield. It is controlled by the coordinated development of the integument, endosperm, and embryo. Large seeds are an important way of improving the ultimate "sink strength" of crops, providing more nutrients for early plant growth and showing certain tolerance to abiotic stresses. There are several pathways for regulating plant seed size, including the HAIKU (IKU) pathway, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, G (Guanosine triphosphate) protein regulatory pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, transcriptional regulators pathway, and phytohormone regulatory pathways including the auxin, brassinosteroid (BR), gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), cytokinin (CK), Abscisic acid (ABA), and microRNA (miRNA) regulatory pathways. This article summarizes the seed size regulatory network and prospective ways of improving yield. We expect that it will provide a valuable reference to researchers in related fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xueman Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qiaofeng Pai
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu H, Luo Q, Tan C, Song J, Zhang T, Men S. Biosynthesis- and transport-mediated dynamic auxin distribution during seed development controls seed size in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1259-1277. [PMID: 36648165 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is indispensable to the fertilization-induced coordinated development of the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. However, little attention has been given to the distribution pattern, maintenance mechanism, and function of auxin throughout the process of seed development. In the present study, we found that auxin response signals display a dynamic distribution pattern during Arabidopsis seed development. Shortly after fertilization, strong auxin response signals were observed at the funiculus, chalaza, and micropylar integument where the embryo attaches. Later, additional signals appeared at the middle layer of the inner integument (ii1') above the chalaza and the whole inner layer of the outer integument (oi1). These signals peaked when the seed was mature, then declined upon desiccation and disappeared in the dried seed. Auxin biosynthesis genes, including ASB1, TAA1, YUC1, YUC4, YUC8, and YUC9, contributed to the accumulation of auxin in the funiculus and seed coat. Auxin efflux carrier PIN3 and influx carrier AUX1 also contributed to the polar auxin distribution in the seed coat. PIN3 was expressed in the ii1 (innermost layer of the inner integument) and oi1 layers of the integument and showed polar localization. AUX1 was expressed in both layers of the outer integument and the endosperm and displayed a uniform localization. Further research demonstrated that the accumulation of auxin in the seed coat regulates seed size. Transgenic plants that specifically express the YUC8 gene in the oi2 or ii1 seed coat produced larger seeds. These results provide useful tools for cultivating high-yielding crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chao Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jia Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuzhen Men
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nowicka B. Modifications of Phytohormone Metabolism Aimed at Stimulation of Plant Growth, Improving Their Productivity and Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Factors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3430. [PMID: 36559545 PMCID: PMC9781743 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing human population, the increase in crop yield is an important challenge for modern agriculture. As abiotic and biotic stresses cause severe losses in agriculture, it is also crucial to obtain varieties that are more tolerant to these factors. In the past, traditional breeding methods were used to obtain new varieties displaying demanded traits. Nowadays, genetic engineering is another available tool. An important direction of the research on genetically modified plants concerns the modification of phytohormone metabolism. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art research concerning the modulation of phytohormone content aimed at the stimulation of plant growth and the improvement of stress tolerance. It aims to provide a useful basis for developing new strategies for crop yield improvement by genetic engineering of phytohormone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu Y, Peng X, Shen S. Identification and Investigation of the Genetic Variations and Candidate Genes Responsible for Seed Weight via GWAS in Paper Mulberry. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012520. [PMID: 36293375 PMCID: PMC9604540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds directly determine the survival and population size of woody plants, but the genetic basis of seed weight in woody plants remain poorly explored. To identify genetic variations and candidate genes responsible for seed weight in natural woody populations, we investigated the hundred-seed weight of 198 paper mulberry individuals from different areas. Our results showed that the hundred-seed weight of paper mulberry was significantly associated with the bioclimatic variables of sampling sites, which increased from south to north along the latitudinal-temperature gradient. Using 2,414,978 high-quality SNPs from re-sequencing data, the genome-wide association analysis of the hundred-seed weight was performed under three models, which identified 148, 19 and 12 associated genes, respectively. Among them, 25 candidate genes were directly hit by the significant SNPs, including the WRKY transcription factor, fatty acid desaturase, F-box protein, etc. Most importantly, we identified three crucial genetic variations in the coding regions of candidate genes (Bp02g2123, Bp01g3291 and Bp10g1642), and significant differences in the hundred-seed weight were detected among the individuals carrying different genotypes. Further analysis revealed that Bp02g2123 encoding a fatty acid desaturase (FAD) might be a key factor affecting the seed weight and local climate adaptation of woody plants. Furthermore, the genome-wide investigation and expression analysis of FAD genes were performed, and the results suggested that BpFADs widely expressed in various tissues and responded to multiple phytohormone and stress treatments. Overall, our study identifies valuable genetic variations and candidate genes, and provides a better understanding of the genetic basis of seed weight in woody plants.
Collapse
|
7
|
Vignati E, Lipska M, Dunwell JM, Caccamo M, Simkin AJ. Options for the generation of seedless cherry, the ultimate snacking product. PLANTA 2022; 256:90. [PMID: 36171415 PMCID: PMC9519733 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript identifies cherry orthologues of genes implicated in the development of pericarpic fruit and pinpoints potential options and restrictions in the use of these targets for commercial exploitation of parthenocarpic cherry fruit. Cherry fruit contain a large stone and seed, making processing of the fruit laborious and consumption by the consumer challenging, inconvenient to eat 'on the move' and potentially dangerous for children. Availability of fruit lacking the stone and seed would be potentially transformative for the cherry industry, since such fruit would be easier to process and would increase consumer demand because of the potential reduction in costs. This review will explore the background of seedless fruit, in the context of the ambition to produce the first seedless cherry, carry out an in-depth analysis of the current literature around parthenocarpy in fruit, and discuss the available technology and potential for producing seedless cherry fruit as an 'ultimate snacking product' for the twenty-first century.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Vignati
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Marzena Lipska
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Jim M Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Mario Caccamo
- NIAB, Cambridge Crop Research, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roy S, Mishra M, Kaur G, Singh S, Rawat N, Singh P, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. OsCyp2-P, an auxin-responsive cyclophilin, regulates Ca 2+ calmodulin interaction for an ion-mediated stress response in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13631. [PMID: 35049071 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OsCYP2-P is an active cyclophilin (having peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerase activity, PPIase) isolated from the wild rice Pokkali having a natural capacity to grow and yield seeds in coastal saline regions of India. Transcript abundance analysis in rice seedlings showed the gene is inducible by multiple stresses, including salinity, drought, high temperature, and heavy metals. To dissect the role of OsCYP2-P gene in stress response, we raised overexpression (OE) and knockdown (KD) transgenic rice plants with >2-3 folds higher and approximately 2-fold lower PPIase activity, respectively. Plants overexpressing this gene had more favorable physiological and biochemical parameters (K+ /Na+ ratio, electrolytic leakage, membrane damage, antioxidant enzymes) than wild type, and the reverse was observed in plants that were knocked down for this gene. We propose that OsCYP2-P contributes to stress tolerance via maintenance of ion homeostasis and thus prevents toxic cellular ion buildup and membrane damage. OE plants were found to have a higher harvest index and higher number of filled grains under salinity and drought stress than wild type. OsCYP2-P interacts with calmodulin, indicating it functions via the Ca-CaM pathway. Compared to the WT, the germinating OE seeds exhibited a substantially higher auxin level, and this hormone was below the detection limits in the WT and KD lines. These observations strongly indicate that OsCyp2-P affects the signaling and transport of auxin in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Roy
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Mishra
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Gundeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Supreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Nishtha Rawat
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Nie L, Ma J, Zhou B, Han X, Cheng J, Lu X, Fan Z, Li Y, Cao Y. Transcriptomic Variations and Network Hubs Controlling Seed Size and Weight During Maize Seed Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:828923. [PMID: 35237291 PMCID: PMC8882617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.828923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying seed development in maize, comprehensive RNA-seq analyses were conducted on Zhengdan1002 (ZD1002), Zhengdan958 (ZD958), and their parental lines during seven seed developmental stages. We found that gene expression levels were largely nonadditive in hybrids and that cis-only or trans × cis pattern played a large role in hybrid gene regulation during seed developmental stage. Weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis showed that 36 modules were highly correlated (r = -0.90-0.92, p < 0.05) with kernel weight, length, and width during seed development. Forty-five transcription factors and 38 ribosomal protein genes were identified as major hub genes determining seed size/weight. We also described a network hub, Auxin Response Factor 12 of maize (ZmARF12), a member of a family of transcription factor that mediate gene expression in response to auxin, potentially links auxin signal pathways, cell division, and the size of the seeds. The ZmARF12 mutant exhibited larger seed size and higher grain weight. ZmARF12 transcription was negatively associated with cell division during seed development, which was confirmed by evaluating the yield of protoplasts that isolated from the kernels of the mutant and other inbred lines. Transient knock-down of ZmARF12 in maize plants facilitated cell expansion and division, whereas transient silencing of its potential interactor ZmIAA8 impaired cell division. ZmIAA8 expression was repressed in the ZmARF12 over-expressed protoplasts. The mutant phenotype and the genetics studies presented here illustrated evidence that ZmARF12 is a cell division repressor, and potentially determines the final seed size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihong Nie
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Han
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junling Cheng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Kay Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Henan Maize Engineering Technology Joint Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyong Cao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li YJ, Yu Y, Liu X, Zhang XS, Su YH. The Arabidopsis MATERNAL EFFECT EMBRYO ARREST45 protein modulates maternal auxin biosynthesis and controls seed size by inducing AINTEGUMENTA. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1907-1926. [PMID: 33730150 PMCID: PMC8290293 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed size is a major factor determining crop yields that is controlled through the coordinated development of maternal and zygotic tissues. Here, we identified Arabidopsis MATERNAL EFFECT EMBRYO ARREST45 (MEE45) as a B3 transcription factor that controls cell proliferation and maternally regulates seed size through its transcriptional activation of AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and its downstream control of auxin biosynthesis in the ovule integument. After characterizing reduced seed and organ size phenotypes in mee45 mutants and finding that overexpression of MEE45 causes oversized seeds, we discovered that the MEE45 protein can bind to the promoter region of the ANT locus and positively regulate its transcription. ANT in-turn activates the expression of auxin biosynthetic genes (e.g. YUCCA4) in the ovule integument. Our results thus illustrate mechanisms underlying maternal tissue-mediated regulation of seed size and suggest that MEE45 and its downstream components can be harnessed to develop higher-yielding crop varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, Shandong, China
- Authors for Correspondence: ;
| | - Ying Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, Shandong, China
- Authors for Correspondence: ;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chacuttayapong W, Enoki H, Nabetani Y, Matsui M, Oguchi T, Motohashi R. Transformation of Jatropha curcas L. for production of larger seeds and increased amount of biodiesel. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:247-256. [PMID: 34393603 PMCID: PMC8329273 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0422b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of green energy is important to mitigate global warming. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a promising candidate for the production of alternative biofuel, which could reduce the burden on the Earth's resources. Jatropha seeds contain a large quantity of lipids that can be used to produce biofuel, and the rest of the plant has many other uses. Currently, techniques for plant genetic transformation are extensively employed to study, create, and improve the specific characteristics of the target plant. Successful transformation involves the alteration of plants and their genetic materials. The aim of this study was to generate Jatropha plants that can support biofuel production by increasing their seed size using genes found via the rice FOX-hunting system. The present study improved previous protocols, enabling the production of transgenic Jatropha in two steps: the first step involved using auxins and dark incubation to promote root formation in excised shoots and the second step involved delaying the timing of antibiotic selection in the cultivation medium. Transgenic plants were subjected to PCR analysis; the transferred gene expression was confirmed via RT-PCR and the ploidy level was investigated. The results suggest that the genes associated with larger seed size in Arabidopsis thaliana, which were found using the rice FOX-hunting system, produce larger seeds in Jatropha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiluk Chacuttayapong
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Harumi Enoki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yusei Nabetani
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Minami Matsui
- Synthetic Genomics Research group, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taichi Oguchi
- Tsukuba Plant‐Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Reiko Motohashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Suo X, Liu Y, Liu C, Luo M. Sphingosine Promotes Embryo Biomass in Upland Cotton: A Biochemical and Transcriptomic Analysis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:525. [PMID: 33915924 PMCID: PMC8065874 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential membrane components and signal molecules, but their regulatory role in cotton embryo growth is largely unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of treatment with the sphingolipid synthesis inhibitor fumonisin B1 (FB1), the serine palmityl transferase (SPT) inhibitor myriocin, the SPT sphingolipid product DHS (d18:0 dihydrosphingosine), and the post-hydroxylation DHS product PHS (t18:0 phytosphingosine) on embryo growth in culture, and performed comparative transcriptomic analysis on control and PHS-treated samples. We found that FB1 could inhibit cotton embryo development. At the five-day ovule/embryo developmental stage, PHS was the most abundant sphingolipid. An SPT enzyme inhibitor reduced the fresh weight of embryos, while PHS had the opposite effect. The transcriptomic analysis identified 2769 differentially expressed genes (1983 upregulated and 786 downregulated) in the PHS samples. A large number of transcription factors were highly upregulated, such as zinc finger, MYB, NAC, bHLH, WRKY, MADS, and GRF in PHS-treated samples compared to controls. The lipid metabolism and plant hormone (auxin, brassinosteroid, and zeatin) related genes were also altered. Our findings provide target metabolites and genes for cotton seed improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiaodong Suo
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Yujie Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
OsBRKq1, Related Grain Size Mapping, and Identification of Grain Shape Based on QTL Mapping in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052289. [PMID: 33669006 PMCID: PMC7956666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The world population is growing rapidly, and food shortage remains a critical issue. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is a statistical analytical method that uses both phenotypic and genotypic data. The purpose of QTL mapping is to determine the exact gene location for various complex traits. Increasing grain weight is a way to increase yield in rice. Genes related to grain size were mapped using the Samgang/Nagdong double haploid (SNDH) populations. Grain sizes were diversely distributed in SNDH 113 populations, and OsBRKq1 was detected on chromosome 1 in an analysis of QTL mapping that used 1000 grain weight, grain length, and grain width. OsBRKq1 exhibited high sequence similarity with the brassinosteroid leucine-rich repeat-receptor kinases of Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays. It was also predicted to have a similar function because of its high homology. OsBRKq1 interacts with various grain-size control genes. Among the SNDH populations, the analysis of the relative expression level during the panicle formation stage of OsBRKq1 in panicles of SNDH117, which has the largest grain size, and SNDH6, which has the smallest grain size, the relative expression level was significantly increased in SNDH117 panicles. SNDH populations have been advancing generations for 10 years; various genetic traits have been fixed and are currently being used as bridging parents. Therefore, the stable expression level of OsBRKq1 was confirmed via QTL mapping. In the future, OsBRKq1 can be effectively used to increase the yield of rice and solve food problems by increasing the size of seeds.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Q, Chakrabarti M, Taitano NK, Okazaki Y, Saito K, Al-Abdallat AM, van der Knaap E. Differential expression of SlKLUH controlling fruit and seed weight is associated with changes in lipid metabolism and photosynthesis-related genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1225-1244. [PMID: 33159787 PMCID: PMC7904157 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The sizes of plant organs such as fruit and seed are crucial yield components. Tomato KLUH underlies the locus fw3.2, an important regulator of fruit and seed weight. However, the mechanism by which the expression levels of KLUH affect organ size is poorly understood. We found that higher expression of SlKLUH increased cell proliferation in the pericarp within 5 d post-anthesis in tomato near-isogenic lines. Differential gene expression analyses showed that lower expression of SlKLUH was associated with increased expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Lipidomic analysis revealed that repression of SlKLUH mainly increased the contents of certain non-phosphorus glycerolipids and phospholipids and decreased the contents of four unknown lipids. Co-expression network analyses revealed that lipid metabolism was possibly associated with but not directly controlled by SlKLUH, and that this gene instead controls photosynthesis-related processes. In addition, many transcription factors putatively involved in the KLUH pathway were identified. Collectively, we show that SlKLUH regulates fruit and seed weight which is associated with altered lipid metabolism. The results expand our understanding of fruit and seed weight regulation and offer a valuable resource for functional studies of candidate genes putatively involved in regulation of organ size in tomato and other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Manohar Chakrabarti
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nathan K Taitano
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Esther van der Knaap
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Carvalho DU, Boakye DA, Gast T, Leite Junior RP, Alferez F. Determining Seed Viability During Fruit Maturation to Improve Seed Production and Availability of New Citrus Rootstocks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:777078. [PMID: 34868177 PMCID: PMC8641648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the pressure for replanting and resetting huanglongbing (HLB or citrus greening) affected citrus groves has led to an inadequate seed supply for the most popular rootstock cultivars in the State of Florida, United States. Early fruit harvesting of citrus rootstock source trees might reduce fruit losses and enhance seed availability, especially in HLB-endemic and hurricane susceptible areas, if the physiological quality of the seeds is adequate. The effects of fruit maturity on seed quality and seedling performance of US-802, US-897, and US-942 citrus rootstocks were investigated for two consecutive growing seasons. The study included the evaluation of seed germination and nursery performance of the citrus rootstock seedlings. The germination test was performed in vitro, where seeds were hand-peeled, surface-sterilized and placed in culture tubes containing basal Murashige and Skoog medium. For the emergence test, seeds were sown in seedling trays containing sterilized growing substrate in a greenhouse with controlled-environment conditions. Rootstock fruits from all three varieties harvested in August and September had seeds with higher germination potential, as more than 90% of the seeds generated seedlings. US-942 had more % of emergence than US-802 and US-897, resulting in faster seed germination; in contrast, US-802 had the faster shoot growth rate. Assays on fruit abscission response showed that by August, fruit from all three varieties were responsive to ethylene and abscised, although response varied and was higher in US-942, suggesting the seeds were mature enough. Taken together, our findings indicate that fruits these three rootstocks can be harvested as early as August in contrast to the current procedures without losing germination potential. This will result in an increase in available seeds for nurseries in Florida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deived Uilian de Carvalho
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, United States
- Department of Crop Protection, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Boakye
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, United States
| | - Tim Gast
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, United States
| | | | - Fernando Alferez
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Fernando Alferez,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Amkul K, Somta P, Laosatit K, Wang L. Identification of QTLs for Domestication-Related Traits in Zombi Pea [ Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich], a Lost Crop of Africa. Front Genet 2020; 11:803. [PMID: 33193562 PMCID: PMC7530282 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zombi pea [Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich] is a legume crop found in Africa. Wild zombi pea is widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions, whereas domesticated zombi pea is rarely cultivated. Plant domestication is an evolutionary process in which the phenotypes of wild species, including seed dormancy, pod shattering, organ size, and architectural and phenological characteristics, undergo changes. The molecular mechanism underlying the domestication of zombi pea is relatively unknown. In this study, the genetic basis of the following 13 domestication-related traits was investigated in an F2 population comprising 198 individuals derived from a cross between cultivated (var. macrosperma) and wild (var. vexillata) zombi pea accessions: seed dormancy, pod shattering, days-to-flowering, days-to-maturity, stem thickness, stem length, number of branches, leaf area, pod length, 100-seed weight, seed width, seed length, and seeds per pod. A genetic map containing 6,529 single nucleotide polymorphisms constructed for the F2 population was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits. A total of 62 QTLs were identified for the 13 traits, with 1-11 QTLs per trait. The major QTLs for days-to-flowering, stem length, number of branches, pod length, 100-seed weight, seed length, and seeds per pod were clustered in linkage group 5. In contrast, the major QTLs for seed dormancy and pod shattering belonged to linkage groups 3 and 11, respectively. A comparative genomic analysis with the cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genome used as the reference sequence (i.e., the genome of the legume species most closely related to zombi pea) enabled the identification of candidate genes for the major QTLs. Thus, we revealed the genomic regions associated with domestication-related traits and the candidate genes controlling these traits in zombi pea. The data presented herein may be useful for breeding new varieties of zombi pea and other Vigna species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitiya Amkul
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Prakit Somta
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kularb Laosatit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma Koirala P, Neff MM. Improving seed size, seed weight and seedling emergence in Camelina sativa by overexpressing the Atsob3-6 gene variant. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:409-418. [PMID: 32748170 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seedling stand establishment is a critical factor affecting crop yield in low-precipitation agricultural regions. This is especially true for small seeded crops, such as Camelina (Camelina sativa) and canola (Brassica napus), that need to be planted shallow. Deeper planting would be desirable so that seeds can access soil moisture and bigger seeds could improve emergence and stand establishment by providing the energy necessary for seedling elongation. AHL (AT-Hook Containing, Nuclear Localized) genes play an important role in seedling growth and development. AHL proteins contain two structural units, the DNA-binding AT-hook motif and the Plant and Prokaryote Conserved (PPC) domain, required for protein-protein interactions. Our previous studies demonstrate that AtAHL29/SOB3 (Suppressor of phytochrome B-4 #3) regulates seedling development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Activation-tagged overexpression of AtSOB3 (Atsob3-D) represses the long-hypocotyl phenotype of an Arabidopsis phytochrome B mutant. In contrast, overexpression of the Atsob3-6 variant (Atsob3-6-OX), with a non-functional AT-hook, confers a long-hypocotyl phenotype. In this study, we demonstrate the role of Atsob3-D and Atsob3-6-OX in modulating seed size and hypocotyl length in the brassicas Arabidopsis and Camelina. In Arabidopsis, Atsob3-D reduces seed weight whereas Atsob3-6-OX increases seed weight and size when compared to the wild type. Similarly, Atsob3-6-OX transgenic Camelina seedlings are taller than the wild type, and produce larger and heavier seeds. These larger Atsob3-6-OX Camelina seeds also confer better emergence in deep-soil planting when compared to the wild type. Taken together, Atsob3-6-OX increases seed size, seed weight, seedling hypocotyl length and stand establishment in the oilseed crop Camelina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Sharma Koirala
- Department Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, 387 Johnson Hall, PO Box 646420, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
| | - Michael M Neff
- Department Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, 387 Johnson Hall, PO Box 646420, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Flores-Vergara MA, Oneal E, Costa M, Villarino G, Roberts C, De Luis Balaguer MA, Coimbra S, Willis J, Franks RG. Developmental Analysis of Mimulus Seed Transcriptomes Reveals Functional Gene Expression Clusters and Four Imprinted, Endosperm-Expressed Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:132. [PMID: 32161609 PMCID: PMC7052496 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The double fertilization of the female gametophyte initiates embryogenesis and endosperm development in seeds via the activation of genes involved in cell differentiation, organ patterning, and growth. A subset of genes expressed in endosperm exhibit imprinted expression, and the correct balance of gene expression between parental alleles is critical for proper endosperm and seed development. We use a transcriptional time series analysis to identify genes that are associated with key shifts in seed development, including genes associated with secondary cell wall synthesis, mitotic cell cycle, chromatin organization, auxin synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and seed maturation. We relate these genes to morphological changes in Mimulus seeds. We also identify four endosperm-expressed transcripts that display imprinted (paternal) expression bias. The imprinted status of these four genes is conserved in other flowering plants, suggesting that they are functionally important in endosperm development. Our study explores gene regulatory dynamics in a species with ab initio cellular endosperm development, broadening the taxonomic focus of the literature on gene expression in seeds. Moreover, it is the first to validate genes with imprinted endosperm expression in Mimulus guttatus, and will inform future studies on the genetic causes of seed failure in this model system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Flores-Vergara
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Elen Oneal
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Elen Oneal,
| | - Mario Costa
- GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Villarino
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Caitlyn Roberts
- Department of Biology, Berea College, Berea, KY, United States
| | | | - Sílvia Coimbra
- GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - John Willis
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Robert G. Franks
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Die JV, Elmassry MM, LeBlanc KH, Awe OI, Dillman A, Busby B. geneHummus: an R package to define gene families and their expression in legumes and beyond. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:591. [PMID: 31319791 PMCID: PMC6639926 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decade, plant biotechnological laboratories have sparked a monumental revolution with the rapid development of next sequencing technologies at affordable prices. Soon, these sequencing technologies and assembling of whole genomes will extend beyond the plant computational biologists and become commonplace within the plant biology disciplines. The current availability of large-scale genomic resources for non-traditional plant model systems (the so-called 'orphan crops') is enabling the construction of high-density integrated physical and genetic linkage maps with potential applications in plant breeding. The newly available fully sequenced plant genomes represent an incredible opportunity for comparative analyses that may reveal new aspects of genome biology and evolution. The analysis of the expansion and evolution of gene families across species is a common approach to infer biological functions. To date, the extent and role of gene families in plants has only been partially addressed and many gene families remain to be investigated. Manual identification of gene families is highly time-consuming and laborious, requiring an iterative process of manual and computational analysis to identify members of a given family, typically combining numerous BLAST searches and manually cleaning data. Due to the increasing abundance of genome sequences and the agronomical interest in plant gene families, the field needs a clear, automated annotation tool. RESULTS Here, we present the geneHummus package, an R-based pipeline for the identification and characterization of plant gene families. The impact of this pipeline comes from a reduction in hands-on annotation time combined with high specificity and sensitivity in extracting only proteins from the RefSeq database and providing the conserved domain architectures based on SPARCLE. As a case study we focused on the auxin receptor factors gene (ARF) family in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) and other legumes. CONCLUSION We anticipate that our pipeline should be suitable for any taxonomic plant family, and likely other gene families, vastly improving the speed and ease of genomic data processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose V. Die
- Department of Genetics ETSIAM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - Moamen M. Elmassry
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, TX, Lubbock, 79409 USA
| | - Kimberly H. LeBlanc
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Olaitan I. Awe
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Allissa Dillman
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - Ben Busby
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Na G, Mu X, Grabowski P, Schmutz J, Lu C. Enhancing microRNA167A expression in seed decreases the α-linolenic acid content and increases seed size in Camelina sativa. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:346-358. [PMID: 30604453 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite well established roles of microRNAs in plant development, few aspects have been addressed to understand their effects in seeds especially on lipid metabolism. In this study, we showed that overexpressing microRNA167A (miR167OE) in camelina (Camelina sativa) under a seed-specific promoter changed fatty acid composition and increased seed size. Specifically, the miR167OE seeds had a lower α-linolenic acid with a concomitantly higher linoleic acid content than the wild-type. This decreased level of fatty acid desaturation corresponded to a decreased transcriptional expression of the camelina fatty acid desaturase3 (CsFAD3) in developing seeds. MiR167 targeted the transcription factor auxin response factor (CsARF8) in camelina, as had been reported previously in Arabidopsis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments combined with transcriptome analysis indicated that CsARF8 bound to promoters of camelina bZIP67 and ABI3 genes. These transcription factors directly or through the ABI3-bZIP12 pathway regulate CsFAD3 expression and affect α-linolenic acid accumulation. In addition, to decipher the miR167A-CsARF8 mediated transcriptional cascade for CsFAD3 suppression, transcriptome analysis was conducted to implicate mechanisms that regulate seed size in camelina. Expression levels of many genes were altered in miR167OE, including orthologs that have previously been identified to affect seed size in other plants. Most notably, genes for seed coat development such as suberin and lignin biosynthesis were down-regulated. This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanism of fatty acid metabolism and seed size determination, and suggests possible approaches to improve these important traits in camelina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GunNam Na
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Mu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Paul Grabowski
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Effects of Seed Size and Sand Burial on Germination and Early Growth of Seedlings for Coastal Pinus thunbergii Parl. in the Northern Shandong Peninsula, China. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the effects of seed size and the depth of sand burial on seed germination and seedling development for Pinus thunbergii. Parl. Seeds from 20- to 30-year old trees grown in the coastal area of Yantai were divided into three size categories (large, medium, and small). The seeds were sown in pots with different depth of sand, and their germination and seedling growth during the first month were investigated. Results showed that large seeds possessed the highest 1000-seed weight and soluble sugar concentration. Large and medium seeds had a higher germination rate, germination index, vigor index, and seedling biomass than small seeds. With the increase in seed size, root mass ratio, root/shoot ratio, specific root length, and specific root area decreased, whereas leaf mass ratio increased. Sand burial depth significantly influenced seed germination and seedling growth, and the highest germination rate and seedling biomass were achieved with 2–3 cm sand burial. We also found that seedling biomass was positively related to germination rate, germination index, and vigor index, but was negatively related to mean germination time. Moreover, seedling biomass was negatively correlated with root mass ratio and root/shoot ratio, but positively correlated with leaf mass ratio, specific root length, and specific root area. The results suggest that seed size and sand burial depth are key factors in the regeneration of the coastal P. thunbergii forest.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang N, Zhao P, Ma Y, Yao X, Sun Y, Huang X, Jin J, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Fang R, Ye J. A whitefly effector Bsp9 targets host immunity regulator WRKY33 to promote performance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180313. [PMID: 30967015 PMCID: PMC6367160 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera), are pests causing economic damage to many crops, capable of transmitting hundreds of plant vector-borne viruses. They are believed to secrete salivary protein effectors that can improve vector colonization and reproductive fitness in host plants. However, little is known about effector biology and the precise mechanism of action of whitefly effectors. Here, we report a functional screening of B. tabaci salivary effector proteins (Bsp) capable of modulating plant innate immunity triggered by plant endogenous pattern peptide Pep1. Four immunity suppressors and two elicitors were identified. Bsp9, the most effective immunity suppressor, was further identified to directly interact with an immunity regulator WRKY33. We provide evidence that Bsp9 may suppress plant immune signalling by interfering with the interaction between WRKY33 and a central regulator in the MAPK cascade. The interference by Bsp9 therefore reduces plant resistance to whitefly by inhibiting activation of WRKY33-regulated immunity-related genes. Further detailed analysis based on transgenic plants found that whitefly effector Bsp9 could promote whitefly preference and performance, increasing virus transmission. This study enriches our knowledge on insect effector biology. This article is part of the theme issue 'Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangmei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiande Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Jin
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dommes AB, Gross T, Herbert DB, Kivivirta KI, Becker A. Virus-induced gene silencing: empowering genetics in non-model organisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:757-770. [PMID: 30452695 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an RNA interference-based technology used to transiently knock down target gene expression by utilizing modified plant viral genomes. VIGS can be adapted to many angiosperm species that cover large phylogenetic distances, allowing the analysis of gene functions in species that are not amenable to stable genetic transformation. With a vast amount of sequence information already available and even more likely to become available in the future, VIGS provides a means to analyze the functions of candidate genes identified in large genomic or transcriptomic screens. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of target species and VIGS vector systems, assess recent key publications in the field, and explain how plant viruses are modified to serve as VIGS vectors. As many reports on the VIGS technique are being published, we also propose minimal reporting guidelines for carrying out these experiments, with the aim of increasing comparability between experiments. Finally, we propose methods for the statistical evaluation of phenotypic results obtained with VIGS-treated plants, as analysis is challenging due to the predominantly transient nature of the silencing effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Dommes
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gross
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Denise B Herbert
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kimmo I Kivivirta
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Annette Becker
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Pecan is one of the most important horticultural nut crops in the world. It is a deciduous species native to the temperate zones of North America, introduced into the subtropical regions of Brazil during the 1870s. High quality seedlings are essential to establishing healthy and productive orchards, and selection of seeds is an important factor in this issue. In this study we evaluated the correlation between seed mass, emergence rate and morphometric traits of seedlings in the pecan cultivar Importada. A significant positive correlation (r > 0.81) between seed mass and plantlet height, stem diameter, emergence rate and number of leaves was observed. Our results suggest that seed mass can be used as a direct method for seed selection towards production of vigorous pecan seedlings. However, since an increase in seed mass is usually associated with a decrease in the number of seeds that a plant can produce per unit canopy, long-duration studies are recommended in order to evaluate the influence of seed selection on a plantation’s production.
Collapse
|
25
|
Tenorio-Berrío R, Pérez-Alonso MM, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Martín-Torres L, Dreyer I, Pollmann S. Identification of Two Auxin-Regulated Potassium Transporters Involved in Seed Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2132. [PMID: 30037141 PMCID: PMC6073294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The seed is the most important plant reproductive unit responsible for the evolutionary success of flowering plants. Aside from its essential function in the sexual reproduction of plants, the seed also represents the most economically important agricultural product worldwide, providing energy, nutrients, and raw materials for human nutrition, livestock feed, and countless manufactured goods. Hence, improvements in seed quality or size are highly valuable, due to their economic potential in agriculture. Recently, the importance of indolic compounds in regulating these traits has been reported for Arabidopsis thaliana. The transcriptional and physiological mechanisms involved, however, remain largely undisclosed. Potassium transporters have been suggested as possible mediators of embryo cell size, controlling turgor pressure during seed maturation. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the expression of K⁺ transporters is effectively regulated by auxin. Here, we provide evidence for the identification of two Arabidopsis K⁺ transporters, HAK/KT12 (At1g60160) and KUP4 (At4g23640), that are likely to be implicated in determining seed size during seed maturation and, at the same time, show a differential regulation by indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tenorio-Berrío
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Marta-Marina Pérez-Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Leticia Martín-Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
This review by Figueiredo and Köhler describes the molecular mechanisms driving seed development. They review the role of the hormone auxin for the initial development of the three seed structures and as a trigger of fertilization-independent seed development. The evolution of seeds defines a remarkable landmark in the history of land plants. A developing seed contains three genetically distinct structures: the embryo, the nourishing tissue, and the seed coat. While fertilization is necessary to initiate seed development in most plant species, apomicts have evolved mechanisms allowing seed formation independently of fertilization. Despite their socio–economical relevance, the molecular mechanisms driving seed development have only recently begun to be understood. Here we review the current knowledge on the role of the hormone auxin for the initial development of the three seed structures and as a trigger of fertilization-independent seed development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duarte D Figueiredo
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Savadi S. Molecular regulation of seed development and strategies for engineering seed size in crop plants. PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2018; 84:401-422. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10725-017-0355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
|
28
|
McAdam EL, Meitzel T, Quittenden LJ, Davidson SE, Dalmais M, Bendahmane AI, Thompson R, Smith JJ, Nichols DS, Urquhart S, Gélinas-Marion A, Aubert G, Ross JJ. Evidence that auxin is required for normal seed size and starch synthesis in pea. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:193-204. [PMID: 28748561 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years the biosynthesis of auxin has been clarified with the aid of mutations in auxin biosynthesis genes. However, we know little about the effects of these mutations on the seed-filling stage of seed development. Here we investigate a key auxin biosynthesis mutation of the garden pea, which results in auxin deficiency in developing seeds. We exploit the large seed size of this model species, which facilitates the measurement of compounds in individual seeds. The mutation results in small seeds with reduced starch content and a wrinkled phenotype at the dry stage. The phenotypic effects of the mutation were fully reversed by introduction of the wild-type gene as a transgene, and partially reversed by auxin application. The results indicate that auxin is required for normal seed size and starch accumulation in pea, an important grain legume crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, Australia
| | - Tobias Meitzel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Laura J Quittenden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, Australia
| | - Sandra E Davidson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, Australia
| | - Marion Dalmais
- Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Plateau du Moulon Rue Noetzlin CS 80004, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Abdelhafid I Bendahmane
- Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Plateau du Moulon Rue Noetzlin CS 80004, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Richard Thompson
- INRA (National Institute for Agronomic Research), UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, Dijon, France
| | - Jennifer J Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, Australia
| | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, Australia
| | - Shelley Urquhart
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, Australia
| | | | - Gregoire Aubert
- INRA (National Institute for Agronomic Research), UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, Dijon, France
| | - John J Ross
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mishra BS, Jamsheer K M, Singh D, Sharma M, Laxmi A. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression, Protein-Protein Interaction and Evolutionary Analysis of the Seed Plant-Specific BIG GRAIN and BIG GRAIN LIKE Gene Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1812. [PMID: 29118774 PMCID: PMC5660992 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BIG GRAIN1 (BG1) is an auxin-regulated gene which functions in auxin pathway and positively regulates biomass, grain size and yield in rice. However, the evolutionary origin and divergence of these genes are still unknown. In this study, we found that BG genes are probably originated in seed plants. We also identified that seed plants evolved a class of BIG GRAIN LIKE (BGL) genes which share conserved middle and C-terminal motifs with BG. The BG genes were present in all monocot and eudicot species analyzed; however, the BGL genes were absent in few monocot lineages. Both BG and BGL were found to be serine-rich proteins; however, differences in expansion and rates of retention after whole genome duplication events were observed. Promoters of BG and BGL genes were found to be enriched with auxin-responsive elements and the Arabidopsis thaliana BG and BGL genes were found to be auxin-regulated. The auxin-induced expression of AthBG2 was found to be dependent on the conserved ARF17/19 module. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified that AthBG2 interact with regulators of splicing, transcription and chromatin remodeling. Taken together, this study provides interesting insights about BG and BGL genes and incentivizes future work in this gene family which has the potential to be used for crop manipulation.
Collapse
|