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Hu H, Li H, Li R, Liu P, Liu H. Re-establishing immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis: focusing on novel mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell regulation of Th17/Treg balance. J Transl Med 2024; 22:663. [PMID: 39010157 PMCID: PMC11251255 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The T-helper 17 (Th17) cell and regulatory T cell (Treg) axis plays a crucial role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is regarded as an immune imbalance between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the maintenance of immune tolerance. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated therapies have received increasing attention in MS research. In MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, MSC injection was shown to alter the differentiation of CD4+T cells. This alteration occurred by inducing anergy and reduction in the number of Th17 cells, stimulating the polarization of antigen-specific Treg to reverse the imbalance of the Th17/Treg axis, reducing the inflammatory cascade response and demyelination, and restoring an overall state of immune tolerance. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which MSCs regulate the balance between Th17 cells and Tregs, including extracellular vesicles, mitochondrial transfer, metabolic reprogramming, and autophagy. We aimed to identify new targets for MS treatment using cellular therapy by analyzing MSC-mediated Th17-to-Treg polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Peidong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Translational Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Translational Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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2
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Xu X, Zhang J, Xing H, Han L, Li X, Wu P, Tang J, Jing L, Luo J, Luo J, Liu L. Identification of metabolism-related key genes as potential biomarkers for pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9040. [PMID: 38641637 PMCID: PMC11031595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an acquired autoimmune disease, is characterized by immune-mediated platelet destruction. A biomarker is a biological entity that contributes to disease pathogenesis and reflects disease activity. Metabolic alterations are reported to be associated with the occurrence of various diseases. As metabolic biomarkers for ITP have not been identified. This study aimed to identify metabolism-related differentially expressed genes as potential biomarkers for pathogenesis of ITP using bioinformatic analyses.The microarray expression data of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE112278 download link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE112278 ). Key module genes were intersected with metabolism-related genes to obtain the metabolism-related key candidate genes. The hub genes were screened based on the degree function in the coytoscape sofware. The key ITP-related genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. Immune infiltration analysis was performed using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm to evaluate the differential infiltration levels of immune cell types between ITP patient and control. Molecular subtypes were identified based on the expression of hub genes. The expression of hub genes in the ITP patients was validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. This study identified five hub genes (ADH4, CYP7A1, CYP1A2, CYP8B1, and NR1H4), which were be associated with the pathogenesis of ITP, and two molecular subtypes of ITP. Among these hub genes, CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 involved in cholesterol metabolism,were further verified in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liying Han
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pengqiang Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jirui Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Khorramdelazad H, Rajaei S, Hashemi SM. Therapeutic and immunomodulatory potentials of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and immune checkpoints related molecules. Biomark Res 2024; 12:35. [PMID: 38515166 PMCID: PMC10958918 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are used in many studies due to their therapeutic potential, including their differentiative ability and immunomodulatory properties. These cells perform their therapeutic functions by using various mechanisms, such as the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, direct cell-to-cell contact, extracellular vesicles (EVs) production, and mitochondrial transfer. However, mechanisms related to immune checkpoints (ICPs) and their effect on the immunomodulatory ability of MSCs are less discussed. The main function of ICPs is to prevent the initiation of unwanted responses and to regulate the immune system responses to maintain the homeostasis of these responses. ICPs are produced by various types of immune system regulatory cells, and defects in their expression and function may be associated with excessive responses that can ultimately lead to autoimmunity. Also, by expressing different types of ICPs and their ligands (ICPLs), tumor cells prevent the formation and durability of immune responses, which leads to tumors' immune escape. ICPs and ICPLs can be produced by MSCs and affect immune cell responses both through their secretion into the microenvironment or direct cell-to-cell interaction. Pre-treatment of MSCs in inflammatory conditions leads to an increase in their therapeutic potential. In addition to the effect that inflammatory environments have on the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by MSCs, they can increase the expression of various types of ICPLs. In this review, we discuss different types of ICPLs and ICPs expressed by MSCs and their effect on their immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Samira Rajaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Han J, Dong L, Wu M, Ma F. Dynamic polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and their interaction with intratumoral T cells in an inflamed tumor microenvironment: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160340. [PMID: 37251409 PMCID: PMC10219223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has brought a paradigm shift in the treatment of tumors in recent decades. However, a significant proportion of patients remain unresponsive, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play crucial roles in shaping the TME by exhibiting dual identities as both mediators and responders of inflammation. TAMs closely interact with intratumoral T cells, regulating their infiltration, activation, expansion, effector function, and exhaustion through multiple secretory and surface factors. Nevertheless, the heterogeneous and plastic nature of TAMs renders the targeting of any of these factors alone inadequate and poses significant challenges for mechanistic studies and clinical translation of corresponding therapies. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms by which TAMs dynamically polarize to influence intratumoral T cells, with a focus on their interaction with other TME cells and metabolic competition. For each mechanism, we also discuss relevant therapeutic opportunities, including non-specific and targeted approaches in combination with checkpoint inhibitors and cellular therapies. Our ultimate goal is to develop macrophage-centered therapies that can fine-tune tumor inflammation and empower immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Han
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Luochu Dong
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Center for National Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abdeladhim M, Karnell JL, Rieder SA. In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033705. [PMID: 36591244 PMCID: PMC9799097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the master regulators of immunity and they have been implicated in different disease states such as infection, autoimmunity and cancer. Since their discovery, many studies have focused on understanding Treg development, differentiation, and function. While there are many players in the generation and function of truly suppressive Tregs, the role of checkpoint pathways in these processes have been studied extensively. In this paper, we systematically review the role of different checkpoint pathways in Treg homeostasis and function. We describe how co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways modulate Treg homeostasis and function and highlight data from mouse and human studies. Multiple checkpoint pathways are being targeted in cancer and autoimmunity; therefore, we share insights from the clinic and discuss the effect of experimental and approved therapeutics on Treg biology.
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Dunn CM, Kameishi S, Cho YK, Song SU, Grainger DW, Okano T. Interferon-Gamma Primed Human Clonal Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Sheets Exhibit Enhanced Immunosuppressive Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233738. [PMID: 36497001 PMCID: PMC9737548 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising treatment for immune-related diseases due to their diverse immunomodulatory paracrine functions. However, progress of culture-expanded MSCs is hindered by inconsistent cell function, poor localization, and insufficient retention when administered as suspended cell injections, thus placing spatiotemporal dosing constraints on therapeutic functions. To address these limitations, we introduce the combination of in vitro interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) priming, a key stimulator of MSC immunosuppressive potency, and thermoresponsive cultureware to harvest cultured MSCs as directly transplantable scaffold-free immunosuppressive cell sheets. Here, we demonstrate that MSC sheets produced with IFN-γ priming upregulate expression of immunosuppressive factors indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in both dose- and duration-dependent manners. In addition, IFN-γ primed MSC sheets showed increased ability to inhibit T-cell proliferation via indirect and direct contact, specifically related to increased IDO-1 and PGE2 concentrations. Furthermore, this study's use of human clinical-grade single-cell-derived clonal bone marrow-derived MSCs, contributes to the future translatability and clinical relevancy of the produced sheets. Ultimately, these results present the combination of IFN-γ priming and MSC sheets as a new strategy to improve MSC-mediated treatment of localized inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia M. Dunn
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sumako Kameishi
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.O.)
| | - Yun-Kyoung Cho
- SCM Lifescience Co., Ltd., Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun U. Song
- SCM Lifescience Co., Ltd., Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - David W. Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.O.)
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Silva-Carvalho AÉ, da Silva IGM, Corrêa JR, Saldanha-Araujo F. Regulatory T-Cell Enhancement, Expression of Adhesion Molecules, and Production of Anti-Inflammatory Factors Are Differentially Modulated by Spheroid-Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214349. [PMID: 36430835 PMCID: PMC9695986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as spheroids promotes a more physiological cellular behavior, as it more accurately reflects the biological microenvironment. Nevertheless, mixed results have been found regarding the immunosuppressive properties of spheroid-cultured MSCs (3D-MSCs), the mechanisms of immunoregulation of 3D-MSCs being scarcely described at this point. In the present study, we constructed spheroids from MSCs and compared their immunosuppressive potential with that of MSCs cultured in monolayer (2D-MSCs). First, we evaluated the ability of 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs to control the activation and proliferation of T-cells. Next, we evaluated the percentage of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) after the co-culturing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs. Finally, we investigated the expression of adhesion molecules, as well as the expressions of several anti-inflammatory transcripts in 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs maintained in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, our data show that several anti-inflammatory genes are up-regulated in 3D-MSCs, and that these cells can control T-cell proliferation. Nevertheless, 2D-MSCs are more efficient in suppressing the immune cell proliferation. Importantly, contrary to what was observed in 3D-MSCs, the expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are significantly upregulated in 2D-MSCs exposed to an inflammatory environment. Furthermore, only 2D-MSCs are able to promote the enhancement of Tregs. Taken together, our data clearly show that the immunosuppressive potential of MSCs is significantly impacted by their shape, and highlights the important role of cell-cell adhesion molecules for optimal MSC immunomodulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandda Évelin Silva-Carvalho
- Hematology and Stem Cells Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - José Raimundo Corrêa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Hematology and Stem Cells Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-61-3107-2008
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Wang Y, Fang J, Liu B, Shao C, Shi Y. Reciprocal regulation of mesenchymal stem cells and immune responses. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1515-1530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Külp M, Diehl L, Bonig H, Marschalek R. Co-culture of primary human T cells with leukemia cells to measure regulatory T cell expansion. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101661. [PMID: 36097388 PMCID: PMC9471457 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is known to be mediated by cytokines including IL-10 and TGFβ but has additionally been shown to depend on the interaction of the immune receptors ICOSLG and ICOS. Here, we describe a co-culture system which enables quantification of the ability of leukemia cells to induce Treg expansion through secreted cytokines and direct receptor interactions. The protocol is applicable for MHC-matched and -unmatched experiments and allows assessment of Treg expansion without using a mouse model. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Külp et al. (2022). MHC-unmatched co-culture of primary T cells with leukemia cells Quantification of the ability of leukemia cells to induce regulatory T-cell expansion Investigation of ICOSLG-mediated regulatory T-cell induction Regulatory T-cell characterization using flow cytometry and ELISA
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
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Chocarro L, Bocanegra A, Blanco E, Fernández-Rubio L, Arasanz H, Echaide M, Garnica M, Ramos P, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Vera R, Escors D, Kochan G. Cutting-Edge: Preclinical and Clinical Development of the First Approved Lag-3 Inhibitor. Cells 2022; 11:2351. [PMID: 35954196 PMCID: PMC9367598 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized medical practice in oncology since the FDA approval of the first ICI 11 years ago. In light of this, Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 (LAG-3) is one of the most important next-generation immune checkpoint molecules, playing a similar role as Programmed cell Death protein 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4). 19 LAG-3 targeting molecules are being evaluated at 108 clinical trials which are demonstrating positive results, including promising bispecific molecules targeting LAG-3 simultaneously with other ICIs. Recently, a new dual anti-PD-1 (Nivolumab) and anti-LAG-3 (Relatimab) treatment developed by Bristol Myers Squibb (Opdualag), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first LAG-3 blocking antibody combination for unresectable or metastatic melanoma. This novel immunotherapy combination more than doubled median progression-free survival (PFS) when compared to nivolumab monotherapy (10.1 months versus 4.6 months). Here, we analyze the large clinical trial responsible for this historical approval (RELATIVITY-047), and discuss the preclinical and clinical developments that led to its jump into clinical practice. We will also summarize results achieved by other LAG-3 targeting molecules with promising anti-tumor activities currently under clinical development in phases I, I/II, II, and III. Opdualag will boost the entry of more LAG-3 targeting molecules into clinical practice, supporting the accumulating evidence highlighting the pivotal role of LAG-3 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernández-Rubio
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Ruth Vera
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
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Margiana R, Markov A, Zekiy AO, Hamza MU, Al-Dabbagh KA, Al-Zubaidi SH, Hameed NM, Ahmad I, Sivaraman R, Kzar HH, Al-Gazally ME, Mustafa YF, Siahmansouri H. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell in regenerative medicine: a narrative review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:366. [PMID: 35902958 PMCID: PMC9330677 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The multipotency property of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has attained worldwide consideration because of their immense potential for immunomodulation and their therapeutic function in tissue regeneration. MSCs can migrate to tissue injury areas to contribute to immune modulation, secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and hide themselves from the immune system. Certainly, various investigations have revealed anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, reconstruction, and wound healing potentials of MSCs in many in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, current progresses in the field of MSCs biology have facilitated the progress of particular guidelines and quality control approaches, which eventually lead to clinical application of MSCs. In this literature, we provided a brief overview of immunoregulatory characteristics and immunosuppressive activities of MSCs. In addition, we discussed the enhancement, utilization, and therapeutic responses of MSCs in neural, liver, kidney, bone, heart diseases, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Markov
- Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation.,Tyumen Industrial University, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Noora M Hameed
- Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Sivaraman
- Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Hamzah H Kzar
- Veterinary Medicine College, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Homayoon Siahmansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Wu X, Li S, Chen D, Zheng G, Zhang Z, Li Z, Sun X, Zhao Q, Xu J. An inflammatory response-related gene signature associated with immune status and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:4898-4917. [PMID: 35958446 PMCID: PMC9360836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic significance of inflammatory response-associated genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS Transcriptomic profiles and related clinical information of AML patients were acquired from a public database. To establish a multi-gene prognosis signature, we performed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox analysis for the TCGA cohort and evaluated the ICGC cohort for verification. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier analysis was carried out to compare the overall survival (OS) rates between high- and low-risk groups. Biological function and single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) analyses were employed to investigate the association of risk score with immune status and the tumor microenvironment. Prognostic gene expression levels in AML samples and normal controls were confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We identified a potential inflammatory response-related signature comprising 11 differentially expressed genes, including ACVR2A, CCL22, EBI3, EDN1, FFAR2, HRH1, ICOSLG, IL-10, INHBA, ITGB3, and LAMP3, and found that AML patients with high expression levels in the high-risk group had poor OS rates. Biological function analyses revealed that prognostic genes mainly participated in inflammation and immunity signaling pathways. Analyses of cancer-infiltrating immunocytes indicated that in high-risk patients, the immune suppressive microenvironment was significantly affected. The expression of the inflammation reaction-associated signature was found to be associated with susceptibility to chemotherapy. There was a significant difference in prognostic gene expression between AML and control tissues. CONCLUSION A novel inflammatory response-related signature was developed with 11 candidate genes to predict prognosis and immune status in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiqin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Dongjie Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Guiping Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People’s HospitalXining 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People’s HospitalXining 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Zian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qinghai Provincial People’s HospitalXining 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Emergency, The Qinghai Provincial People’s HospitalXining 810007, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People’s HospitalXining 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Jingjuan Xu
- Department of Outpatient, The First People’s Hospital of ChangzhouChangzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Külp M, Siemund AL, Larghero P, Dietz A, Alten J, Cario G, Eckert C, Caye-Eude A, Cavé H, Bardini M, Cazzaniga G, De Lorenzo P, Valsecchi MG, Diehl L, Bonig H, Meyer C, Marschalek R. The immune checkpoint ICOSLG is a relapse-predicting biomarker and therapeutic target in infant t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. iScience 2022; 25:104613. [PMID: 35800767 PMCID: PMC9253708 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent genetic aberration leading to infant ALL (iALL) is the chromosomal translocation t(4;11), generating the fusion oncogenes KMT2A:AFF1 and AFF1:KMT2A, respectively. KMT2A-r iALL displays a dismal prognosis through high relapse rates and relapse-associated mortality. Relapse occurs frequently despite ongoing chemotherapy and without the accumulation of secondary mutations. A rational explanation for the observed chemo-resistance and satisfactory treatment options remain to be elucidated. We found that elevated ICOSLG expression level at diagnosis was associated with inferior event free survival (EFS) in a cohort of 43 patients with t(4;-11) iALL and that a cohort of 18 patients with iALL at relapse displayed strongly increased ICOSLG expression. Furthermore, co-culturing t(4;11) ALL cells (ICOSLGhi) with primary T-cells resulted in the development of Tregs. This was impaired through treatment with a neutralizing ICOSLG antibody. These findings imply ICOSLG (1) as a relapse-predicting biomarker, and (2) as a therapeutic target involved in a potential immune evasion relapse-mechanism of infant t(4;11) ALL. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) is a direct transactivator of the immune checkpoint gene ICOSLG high ICOSLG expression at diagnosis is predictive for ALL relapse EGR3 and ICOSLG expressions are relapse-associated expression of ICOSLG on t(4;11) ALL cells leads to the rapid expansion of Tregs
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14
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Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1710. [PMID: 35406483 PMCID: PMC8996886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that serve to enhance effector T-cell anti-tumor responses has strongly improved success rates in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The currently approved ICI constitute monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1. By this, the T-cell-inhibitory CTLA-4/CD80/86 and PD-1/PD-1L/2L signaling axes are inhibited. This leads to sustained effector T-cell activity and circumvents the immune evasion of tumor cells, which frequently upregulate PD-L1 expression and modulate immune checkpoint molecule expression on leukocytes. As a result, profound clinical responses are observed in 40-60% of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite the pivotal role of T effector cells for triggering anti-tumor immunity, mounting evidence indicates that ICI efficacy may also be attributable to other cell types than T effector cells. In particular, emerging research has shown that ICI also impacts innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells, which may amplify tumoricidal functions beyond triggering T effector cells, and thus improves clinical efficacy. Effects of ICI on non-T cells may additionally explain, in part, the character and extent of adverse effects associated with treatment. Deeper knowledge of these effects is required to further develop ICI treatment in terms of responsiveness of patients to treatment, to overcome resistance to ICI and to alleviate adverse effects. In this review we give an overview into the currently known immunomodulatory effects of ICI treatment in immune cell types other than the T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (S.G.)
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15
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Pang QM, Chen SY, Fu SP, Zhou H, Zhang Q, Ao J, Luo XP, Zhang T. Regulatory Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Secondary Inflammation in Spinal Cord Injury. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:573-593. [PMID: 35115806 PMCID: PMC8802142 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s349572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Pang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tao Zhang; Qian Zhang, Email ;
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16
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Pang QM, Chen SY, Xu QJ, Fu SP, Yang YC, Zou WH, Zhang M, Liu J, Wan WH, Peng JC, Zhang T. Neuroinflammation and Scarring After Spinal Cord Injury: Therapeutic Roles of MSCs on Inflammation and Glial Scar. Front Immunol 2021; 12:751021. [PMID: 34925326 PMCID: PMC8674561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.751021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transected axons are unable to regenerate after spinal cord injury (SCI). Glial scar is thought to be responsible for this failure. Regulating the formation of glial scar post-SCI may contribute to axonal regrow. Over the past few decades, studies have found that the interaction between immune cells at the damaged site results in a robust and persistent inflammatory response. Current therapy strategies focus primarily on the inhibition of subacute and chronic neuroinflammation after the acute inflammatory response was executed. Growing evidences have documented that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) engraftment can be served as a promising cell therapy for SCI. Numerous studies have shown that MSCs transplantation can inhibit the excessive glial scar formation as well as inflammatory response, thereby facilitating the anatomical and functional recovery. Here, we will review the effects of inflammatory response and glial scar formation in spinal cord injury and repair. The role of MSCs in regulating neuroinflammation and glial scar formation after SCI will be reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Pang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qi-Jing Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi-Chun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wang-Hui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei-Hong Wan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jia-Chen Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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17
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Zhang X, Hu X, Tian T, Pang W. The role of ICOS in allergic disease: Positive or Negative? Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108394. [PMID: 34922247 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid increase in the incidence of allergic diseases, the mechanisms underlying the development of these diseases have received a great deal of attention, and this is particularly true in regard to the role of ICOS in allergic diseases. Current studies have revealed that ICOS affects the functional activity of multiple immune cells that modulate the adaptive immune system. Additionally, ICOS also plays a crucial role in mediating cellular immunity and coordinating the response of the entire immune system, and thus, it plays a role in allergic reactions. However, the ICOS/ICOS-ligand (ICOS-L) axis functions in a dual role during the development of multiple allergic diseases. In this review, we explore the role of ICOS/ICOSL in the context of different immune cells that function in allergic diseases, and we summarize recent advances in their contribution to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Pang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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18
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Ernzen K, Trask AJ, Peeples ME, Garg V, Zhao MT. Human Stem Cell Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Cardiovascular System. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2107-2119. [PMID: 34365591 PMCID: PMC8349465 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected over 190 million people to date, causing a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 relies on binding of its spike glycoprotein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for infection. In addition to fever, cough, and shortness of breath, severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in the rapid overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This overactive immune response is known as a cytokine storm, which leads to several serious clinical manifestations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and myocardial injury. Cardiovascular disorders such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and heart failure not only enhance disease progression at the onset of infection, but also arise in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Tissue-specific differentiated cells and organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) serve as an excellent model to address how SARS-CoV-2 damages the lungs and the heart. In this review, we summarize the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the current clinical perspectives of the bidirectional relationship between the cardiovascular system and viral progression. Furthermore, we also address the utility of hPSCs as a dynamic model for SARS-CoV-2 research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Ernzen
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- MCDB Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark E Peeples
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Vaccine and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- MCDB Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- MCDB Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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19
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Jiménez-Morales S, Aranda-Uribe IS, Pérez-Amado CJ, Ramírez-Bello J, Hidalgo-Miranda A. Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Tumor Evasion: Focus on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737340. [PMID: 34867958 PMCID: PMC8636671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy with high heterogeneity in its biological features and treatments. Although the overall survival (OS) of patients with ALL has recently improved considerably, owing to the application of conventional chemo-therapeutic agents, approximately 20% of the pediatric cases and 40-50% of the adult patients relapse during and after the treatment period. The potential mechanisms that cause relapse involve clonal evolution, innate and acquired chemoresistance, and the ability of ALL cells to escape the immune-suppressive tumor response. Currently, immunotherapy in combination with conventional treatment is used to enhance the immune response against tumor cells, thereby significantly improving the OS in patients with ALL. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of immune evasion by leukemia cells could be useful for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Sammir Aranda-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Carlos Jhovani Pérez-Amado
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julian Ramírez-Bello
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Aleahmad M, Bozorgmehr M, Nikoo S, Ghanavatinejad A, Shokri MR, Montazeri S, Shokri F, Zarnani AH. Endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: The Enigma to code messages for generation of functionally active regulatory T cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:536. [PMID: 34627370 PMCID: PMC8502414 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in fine-tuning of immune responses and are pivotal for a successful pregnancy. Recently, the importance of mesenchymal stem cells in regulation of immune responses in general and Tregs in particular has been highlighted. Here, we hypothesized that menstrual stromal/stem cells (MenSCs) contribute to uterine immune system regulation through induction of functionally active Tregs. Methods MenSCs were collected from 18 apparently healthy women and characterized. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) served as a control. The effect of MenSCs on proliferation of anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated T CD4 + cells and generation of Tregs with or without pre-treatment with mitomycin C, IFN-γ and IL-1β was evaluated by flow cytometry. The potential role of IDO, PGE2, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β on proliferation of T CD4 + cells and generation of Tregs was assessed using blocking antibodies or agents. IDO activity was evaluated in MenSCs and BMSCs culture supernatants by a colorimetric assay. IL-10 and IFN-γ production in MenSCs-primed T CD4 + was measured using intracellular staining. To investigate the functional properties of Tregs induced by MenSCs, Treg cells were isolated and their functional property to inhibit proliferation of anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs was assessed by flow cytometry. Results According to the results, proliferation of T CD4 + lymphocytes was enhanced in the presence of MenSCs, while pre-treatment of MenSCs with pro-inflammatory cytokines reversed this effect. PGE2 and IDO were the major players in MenSCs-induced T cell proliferation. Non-treated MenSCs decreased the frequency of Tregs, whereas after pre-treatment with IFN-γ and IL-1β, they induced functional Tregs with ability to inhibit the proliferation of anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs. This effect was mediated through IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and IDO. IFN-γ/IL-1β-treated MenSCs induced IL-10 and IFN-γ production in CD4 + T cells. Conclusion Collectively, these findings indicate that immunomodulatory impact of menstrual blood stem cells (MenSCs) on generation of Tregs and inhibition of T cells proliferation is largely dependent on pre-treatment with IFN-γ and IL-1β. This is the first report on immunomodulatory impact of MenSCs on Tregs and highlights the pivotal role of endometrial stem cells in regulation of local endometrial immune responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02603-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Aleahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bozorgmehr
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Nikoo
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghanavatinejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Montazeri
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1417613151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1417613151, Tehran, Iran. .,Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Nicholls J, Cao B, Le Texier L, Xiong LY, Hunter CR, Llanes G, Aguliar EG, Schroder WA, Phipps S, Lynch JP, Cao H, Heazlewood SY, Williams B, Clouston AD, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Nilsson SK, Blazar BR, MacDonald KPA. Bone Marrow Regulatory T Cells Are a Unique Population, Supported by Niche-Specific Cytokines and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, and Required for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Control. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737880. [PMID: 34631716 PMCID: PMC8493124 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) reconstitution is essential for reestablishing tolerance and maintaining homeostasis following stem-cell transplantation. We previously reported that bone marrow (BM) is highly enriched in autophagy-dependent Treg and autophagy disruption leads to a significant Treg loss, particularly BM-Treg. To correct the known Treg deficiency observed in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) patients, low dose IL-2 infusion has been administered, substantially increasing peripheral Treg (pTreg) numbers. However, as clinical responses were only seen in ∼50% of patients, we postulated that pTreg augmentation was more robust than for BM-Treg. We show that BM-Treg and pTreg have distinct characteristics, indicated by differential transcriptome expression for chemokine receptors, transcription factors, cell cycle control of replication and genes linked to Treg function. Further, BM-Treg were more quiescent, expressed lower FoxP3, were highly enriched for co-inhibitory markers and more profoundly depleted than splenic Treg in cGVHD mice. In vivo our data are consistent with the BM and not splenic microenvironment is, at least in part, driving this BM-Treg signature, as adoptively transferred splenic Treg that entered the BM niche acquired a BM-Treg phenotype. Analyses identified upregulated expression of IL-9R, IL-33R, and IL-7R in BM-Treg. Administration of the T cell produced cytokine IL-2 was required by splenic Treg expansion but had no impact on BM-Treg, whereas the converse was true for IL-9 administration. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) within the BM also may contribute to BM-Treg maintenance. Using pDC-specific BDCA2-DTR mice in which diptheria toxin administration results in global pDC depletion, we demonstrate that pDC depletion hampers BM, but not splenic, Treg homeostasis. Together, these data provide evidence that BM-Treg and splenic Treg are phenotypically and functionally distinct and influenced by niche-specific mediators that selectively support their respective Treg populations. The unique properties of BM-Treg should be considered for new therapies to reconstitute Treg and reestablish tolerance following SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Nicholls
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laetitia Le Texier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Yan Xiong
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Hunter
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Genesis Llanes
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ethan G. Aguliar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wayne A. Schroder
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason P. Lynch
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shen Y. Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Christian M. Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M. Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan K. Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelli P. A. MacDonald
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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22
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Solinas C, Gu-Trantien C, Willard-Gallo K. The rationale behind targeting the ICOS-ICOS ligand costimulatory pathway in cancer immunotherapy. ESMO Open 2021; 5:S2059-7029(20)30002-8. [PMID: 32516116 PMCID: PMC7003380 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS, cluster of differentiation (CD278)) is an activating costimulatory immune checkpoint expressed on activated T cells. Its ligand, ICOSL is expressed on antigen-presenting cells and somatic cells, including tumour cells in the tumour microenvironment. ICOS and ICOSL expression is linked to the release of soluble factors (cytokines), induced by activation of the immune response. ICOS and ICOSL binding generates various activities among the diversity of T cell subpopulations, including T cell activation and effector functions and when sustained also suppressive activities mediated by regulatory T cells. This dual role in both antitumour and protumour activities makes targeting the ICOS/ICOSL pathway attractive for enhancement of antitumour immune responses. This review summarises the biological background and rationale for targeting ICOS/ICOSL in cancer together with an overview of the principal ongoing clinical trials that are testing it in combination with anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and anti-programmed cell death-1 or anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 based immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Solinas
- Regional Hospital of Valle d'Aosta, Azienda USL Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Chunyan Gu-Trantien
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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23
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Shan Z, Chen J, Liu J, Zhang J, Wang T, Teng Y, Mao F, Cheng P, Zou Q, Zhou W, Peng L, Zhao Y, Zhuang Y. Activated neutrophils polarize protumorigenic interleukin-17A-producing T helper subsets through TNF-α-B7-H2-dependent pathway in human gastric cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e484. [PMID: 34185422 PMCID: PMC8236123 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Neutrophils constitute massive cellular constituents in inflammatory human gastric cancer (GC) tissues, but their roles in pathogenesis of inflammatory T helper (Th) subsets are still unknown. METHODS Flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the responses and phenotypes of neutrophils in different samples from 51 patients with GC. Kaplan-Meier plots and Multivariate analysis for the survival of patients were used by log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models. Neutrophils and CD4+ T cells were purified and cultured for ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo regulation and function assays. RESULTS GC patients exhibited increased tumoral neutrophil infiltration with GC progression and poor patient prognosis. Intratumoral neutrophils accumulated in GC tumors via CXCL6/CXCL8-CXCR1-mediated chemotaxis, and expressed activated molecule CD54 and co-signaling molecule B7-H2. Neutrophils induced by tumors strongly expressed CD54 and B7-H2 in both dose- and time-dependent manners, and a close correlation was obtained between the expressions of CD54 and B7-H2 on intratumoral neutrophils. Tumor-derived tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) promoted neutrophil activation and neutrophil B7-H2 expression through ERK-NF-κB pathway, and a significant correlation was found between the levels of TNF-α and CD54+ or B7-H2+ neutrophils in tumor tissues. Tumor-infiltrating and tumor-conditioned neutrophils effectively induced IL-17A-producing Th subset polarization through a B7-H2-dependent manner ex vivo and these polarized IL-17A-producing Th cells exerted protumorigenic roles by promoting GC tumor cell proliferation via inflammatory molecule IL-17A in vitro, which promoted the progression of human GC in vivo; these effects could be reversed when IL-17A is blocked. Moreover, increased B7-H2+ neutrophils and IL-17A in tumors were closely related to advanced GC progression and predicted poor patient survival. CONCLUSION We illuminate novel underlying mechanisms that TNF-α-activated neutrophils link B7-H2 to protumorigenic IL-17A-producing Th subset polarization in human GC. Blocking this pathological TNF-α-B7-H2-IL-17A pathway may be useful therapeutic strategies for treating GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐guo Shan
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal SurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal SurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jin‐shan Liu
- Department of General SurgeryQijiang Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityQijiangChongqingChina
| | - Jin‐yu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ting‐ting Wang
- Chongqing Key Research Laboratory for Drug MetabolismDepartment of PharmacologyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong‐sheng Teng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Fang‐yuan Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ping Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Quan‐ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wei‐ying Zhou
- Chongqing Key Research Laboratory for Drug MetabolismDepartment of PharmacologyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liu‐sheng Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong‐liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal SurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Gastroenterology the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityJiangsuChina
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24
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Bassani B, Tripodo C, Portararo P, Gulino A, Botti L, Chiodoni C, Jachetti E, Bolli N, Ciciarello M, Joehrens K, Anagnostopoulos I, Na IK, Curti A, Colombo MP, Sangaletti S. CD40 Activity on Mesenchymal Cells Negatively Regulates OX40L to Maintain Bone Marrow Immune Homeostasis Under Stress Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662048. [PMID: 34084166 PMCID: PMC8168593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Within the bone marrow (BM), mature T cells are maintained under homeostatic conditions to facilitate proper hematopoietic development. This homeostasis depends upon a peculiar elevated frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune regulatory activities from BM-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). In response to BM transplantation (BMT), the conditioning regimen exposes the BM to a dramatic induction of inflammatory cytokines and causes an unbalanced T-effector (Teff) and Treg ratio. This imbalance negatively impacts hematopoiesis, particularly in regard to B-cell lymphopoiesis that requires an intact cross-talk between BM-MSCs and Tregs. The mechanisms underlying the ability of BM-MSCs to restore Treg homeostasis and proper B-cell development are currently unknown. Methods We studied the role of host radio-resistant cell-derived CD40 in restoring Teff/Treg homeostasis and proper B-cell development in a murine model of BMT. We characterized the host cellular source of CD40 and performed radiation chimera analyses by transplanting WT or Cd40-KO with WT BM in the presence of T-reg and co-infusing WT or - Cd40-KO BM-MSCs. Residual host and donor T cell expansion and activation (cytokine production) and also the expression of Treg fitness markers and conversion to Th17 were analyzed. The presence of Cd40+ BM-MSCs was analyzed in a human setting in correlation with the frequency of B-cell precursors in patients who underwent HSCT and variably developed acute graft-versus-host (aGVDH) disease. Results CD40 expression is nearly undetectable in the BM, yet a Cd40-KO recipient of WT donor chimera exhibited impaired B-cell lymphopoiesis and Treg development. Lethal irradiation promotes CD40 and OX40L expression in radio-resistant BM-MSCs through the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. OX40L favors Teff expansion and activation at the expense of Tregs; however, the expression of CD40 dampens OX40L expression and restores Treg homeostasis, thus facilitating proper B-cell development. Indeed, in contrast to dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid organs that require CD40 triggers to express OX40L, BM-MSCs require CD40 to inhibit OX40L expression. Conclusions CD40+ BM-MSCs are immune regulatory elements within BM. Loss of CD40 results in uncontrolled T cell activation due to a reduced number of Tregs, and B-cell development is consequently impaired. GVHD provides an example of how a loss of CD40+ BM-MSCs and a reduction in B-cell precursors may occur in a human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bassani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Portararo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Botti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Ciciarello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Korinna Joehrens
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Il-Kang Na
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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25
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Drube S, Müller S, Weber F, Wegner P, Böttcher‐Loschinski R, Gaestel M, Hutloff A, Kamradt T, Andreas N. IL-3 is essential for ICOS-L stabilization on mast cells, and sustains the IL-33-induced RORγt + T reg generation via enhanced IL-6 induction. Immunology 2021; 163:86-97. [PMID: 33427298 PMCID: PMC8044339 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 family. By binding to its receptor ST2 (IL-33R) on mast cells, IL-33 induces the MyD88-dependent activation of the TAK1-IKK2 signalling module resulting in activation of the MAP kinases p38, JNK1/2 and ERK1/2, and of NFκB. Depending on the kinases activated in these pathways, the IL-33-induced signalling is essential for production of IL-6 or IL-2. This was shown to control the dichotomy between RORγt+ and Helios+ Tregs , respectively. SCF, the ligand of c-Kit (CD117), can enhance these effects. Here, we show that IL-3, another growth factor for mast cells, is essential for the expression of ICOS-L on BMMCs, and costimulation with IL-3 potentiated the IL-33-induced IL-6 production similar to SCF. In contrast to the enhanced IL-2 production by SCF-induced modulation of the IL-33 signalling, IL-3 blocked the production of IL-2. Consequently, IL-3 shifted the IL-33-induced Treg dichotomy towards RORγt+ Tregs at the expense of RORγt- Helios+ Tregs . However, ICOS-L expression was downregulated by IL-33. In line with that, ICOS-L did not play any important role in the Treg modulation by IL-3/IL-33-activated mast cells. These findings demonstrate that different from the mast cell growth factor SCF, IL-3 can alter the IL-33-induced and mast cell-dependent regulation of Treg subpopulations by modulating mast cell-derived cytokine profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Drube
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Sylvia Müller
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Franziska Weber
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Philine Wegner
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | | | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institut für ZellbiochemieMedizinische Hochschule HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Andreas Hutloff
- Institut für Immunologie und Institut für Klinische MolekularbiologieUniversitätsklinikum Schleswig‐HolsteinKielGermany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Nico Andreas
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
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26
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Fan X, Xu ZB, Li CL, Zhang HY, Peng YQ, He BX, Liu XQ, Chen DH, Chen D, Akdis CA, Fu QL. Mesenchymal stem cells regulate type 2 innate lymphoid cells via regulatory T cells through ICOS-ICOSL interaction. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:975-987. [PMID: 33662168 PMCID: PMC8360040 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are recognized as key controllers and effectors of type 2 inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to alleviate type 2 inflammation by modulating T lymphocyte subsets and decreasing TH 2 cytokine levels. However, the effects of MSCs on ILC2s have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on ILC2s in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from allergic rhinitis patients and healthy subjects. We further investigated the mechanisms involved in the MSC modulation using isolated lineage negative (Lin- ) cells. PBMCs and Lin- cells were cocultured with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iPSC-MSCs) under the stimulation of epithelial cytokines IL-25 and IL-33. And the ILC2 levels and functions were examined and the possible mechanisms were investigated based on regulatory T (Treg) cells and ICOS-ICOSL pathway. iPSC-MSCs successfully decreased the high levels of IL-13, IL-9, and IL-5 in PBMCs in response to IL-25, IL-33, and the high percentages of IL-13+ ILC2s and IL-9+ ILC2s in response to epithelial cytokines were significantly reversed after the treatment of iPSC-MSCs. However, iPSC-MSCs were found directly to enhance ILC2 levels and functions via ICOS-ICOSL interaction in Lin- cells and pure ILC2s. iPSC-MSCs exerted their inhibitory effects on ILC2s via activating Treg cells through ICOS-ICOSL interaction. The MSC-induced Treg cells then suppressed ILC2s by secreting IL-10 in the coculture system. This study revealed that human MSCs suppressed ILC2s via Treg cells through ICOS-ICOSL interaction, which provides further insight to regulate ILC2s in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Fan
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bin Xu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Lin Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Clinical Medicine Innovation, ShenZhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qi Peng
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xin He
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Hua Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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27
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Tynecka M, Moniuszko M, Eljaszewicz A. Old Friends with Unexploited Perspectives: Current Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Asthma. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1323-1342. [PMID: 33649900 PMCID: PMC7919631 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a great regenerative and immunomodulatory potential that was successfully tested in numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies of various degenerative, hematological and inflammatory disorders. Over the last few decades, substantial immunoregulatory effects of MSC treatment were widely observed in different experimental models of asthma. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that stem cell-based treatment could become an attractive means to better suppress asthmatic airway inflammation, especially in subjects resistant to currently available anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we discuss mechanisms accounting for potent immunosuppressive properties of MSCs and the rationale for their use in asthma. We describe in detail an intriguing interplay between MSCs and other crucial players in the immune system as well as lung microenvironment. Finally, we reveal the potential of MSCs in maintaining airway epithelial integrity and alleviating lung remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Tynecka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, Białystok, 15-276, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.
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28
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Stevens HY, Bowles AC, Yeago C, Roy K. Molecular Crosstalk Between Macrophages and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:600160. [PMID: 33363157 PMCID: PMC7755599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely investigated for regenerative medicine applications, from treating various inflammatory diseases as a cell therapy to generating engineered tissue constructs. Numerous studies have evaluated the potential effects of MSCs following therapeutic administration. By responding to their surrounding microenvironment, MSCs may mediate immunomodulatory effects through various mechanisms that directly (i.e., contact-dependent) or indirectly (i.e., paracrine activity) alter the physiology of endogenous cells in various disease pathologies. More specifically, a pivotal crosstalk between MSCs and tissue-resident macrophages and monocytes (TMφ) has been elucidated using in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. An improved understanding of this crosstalk could help elucidate potential mechanisms of action (MOAs) of therapeutically administered MSCs. TMφ, by nature of their remarkable functional plasticity and prevalence within the body, are uniquely positioned as critical modulators of the immune system - not only in maintaining homeostasis but also during pathogenesis. This has prompted further exploration into the cellular and molecular alterations to TMφ mediated by MSCs. In vitro assays and in vivo preclinical trials have identified key interactions mediated by MSCs that polarize the responses of TMφ from a pro-inflammatory (i.e., classical activation) to a more anti-inflammatory/reparative (i.e., alternative activation) phenotype and function. In this review, we describe physiological and pathological TMφ functions in response to various stimuli and discuss the evidence that suggest specific mechanisms through which MSCs may modulate TMφ phenotypes and functions, including paracrine interactions (e.g., secretome and extracellular vesicles), nanotube-mediated intercellular exchange, bioenergetics, and engulfment by macrophages. Continued efforts to elucidate this pivotal crosstalk may offer an improved understanding of the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs and inform the development and testing of potential MOAs to support the therapeutic use of MSCs and MSC-derived products in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Y. Stevens
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Annie C. Bowles
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Carolyn Yeago
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for ImmunoEngineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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29
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Camacho V, Matkins VR, Patel SB, Lever JM, Yang Z, Ying L, Landuyt AE, Dean EC, George JF, Yang H, Ferrell PB, Maynard CL, Weaver CT, Turnquist HR, Welner RS. Bone marrow Tregs mediate stromal cell function and support hematopoiesis via IL-10. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135681. [PMID: 33208555 PMCID: PMC7710301 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonimmune roles of Tregs have been described in various tissues, including the BM. In this study, we comprehensively phenotyped marrow Tregs, elucidating their key features and tissue-specific functions. We show that marrow Tregs are migratory and home back to the marrow. For trafficking, marrow Tregs use S1P gradients, and disruption of this axis allows for specific targeting of the marrow Treg pool. Following Treg depletion, the function and phenotype of both mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was impaired. Transplantation also revealed that a Treg-depleted niche has a reduced capacity to support hematopoiesis. Finally, we found that marrow Tregs are high producers of IL-10 and that Treg-secreted IL-10 has direct effects on MSC function. This is the first report to our knowledge revealing that Treg-secreted IL-10 is necessary for stromal cell maintenance, and our work outlines an alternative mechanism by which this cytokine regulates hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeremie M. Lever
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Zhengqin Yang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Li Ying
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore & Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashley E. Landuyt
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Emma C. Dean
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James F. George
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore & Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Brent Ferrell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Craig L. Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Casey T. Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Heth R. Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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30
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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhao N, Zhang H, Zhang A, Zhao D, Yu Z, Yin Y, Song L, Xiong Y, Luan X. hPMSCs protects against D-galactose-induced oxidative damage of CD4 + T cells through activating Akt-mediated Nrf2 antioxidant signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:468. [PMID: 33148324 PMCID: PMC7641865 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were considered a regenerative therapeutic approach in both acute and chronic diseases. However, whether MSCs regulate the antioxidant metabolism of CD4+ T cells and weaken immunosenescence remains unclear. Here, we reported the protective effects of hPMSCs in aging-related CD4+ T cell senescence and identified the underlying mechanisms using a d-gal-induced mouse aging model. Methods In vivo study, 40 male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups: control group, d-gal group, hPMSC group, and PBS group. In in vitro experiment, human naive CD4+ T (CD4CD45RA) cells were prepared using a naive CD4+ T cell isolation kit II and pretreated with the Akt inhibitor LY294002 and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Then, isolated naive CD4+ T cell were co-cultured with hPMSCs for 72 h in the absence or presence of anti-CD3/CD28 Dynabeads and IL-2 as a mitogenic stimulus. Intracellular ROS changes were detected by flow cytometry. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were measured by colorimetric analysis. The senescent T cells were detected SA-β-gal stain. The expression of aging-related proteins was detected by Western blotting, RT-PCR, and confocal microscopy. Results We found that hPMSC treatment markedly decreased the ROS level, SA-β-gal-positive cells number, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (IL-6 and OPN) expression, and aging-related protein (P16 and P21) expression in senescent CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, hPMSC treatment effectively upregulated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the expression of downstream target genes (HO-1, CAT, GCLC, and NQO1) in senescent CD4+ T cells. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that hPMSCs attenuated CD4+ T cell senescence by upregulating the Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn pathway to activate Nrf2 functions. Conversely, the antioxidant effects of hPMSCs were blocked by the Akt inhibitor LY294002 and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 in senescent CD4+ T cells. Conclusions Our results indicate that hPMSCs attenuate d-gal-induced CD4+ T cell senescence by activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defenses and that upregulation of Nrf2 by hPMSCs is regulated via the Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlian Xiong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueming Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengchao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yancun Yin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiying Luan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Durand N, Mallea J, Zubair AC. Insights into the use of mesenchymal stem cells in COVID-19 mediated acute respiratory failure. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:17. [PMID: 33580031 PMCID: PMC7589470 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the end of 2019 in Hubei province China, is now the cause of a global pandemic present in over 150 countries. COVID-19 is a respiratory illness with most subjects presenting with fever, cough and shortness of breath. In a subset of patients, COVID-19 progresses to hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), both of which are mediated by widespread inflammation and a dysregulated immune response. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), multipotent stromal cells that mediate immunomodulation and regeneration, could be of potential benefit to a subset of COVID-19 subjects with acute respiratory failure. In this review, we discuss key features of the current COVID-19 outbreak, and the rationale for MSC-based therapy in this setting, as well as the limitations associated with this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Durand
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Jorge Mallea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Abba C Zubair
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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32
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Qian X, An N, Ren Y, Yang C, Zhang X, Li L. Immunosuppressive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:411-427. [PMID: 32935222 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become important seed cells in therapy because of their immunosuppressive function and anti-inflammatory effects. MSCs exert immunosuppressive effects through direct contact or paracrine action. The paracrine functions of MSCs are at least partially mediated by exosomes, which are membrane vesicles, carrying abundant proteins, nucleic acids and other active molecules. MSC-exos have heterogeneity. The exosomes from different donors, tissues generations of MSCs carry different bioactive molecules. These cargos are transferred to recipient cells by endocytosis or binding to proteins on the receptor surface to mediate intercellular communication between different cell types and affect the functions of the recipient cells. Exosomes play an important role in the regulation of the immune system. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exos) carry immunomodulatory effectors or transmit active signal molecules to regulate the biological activities of immune cells and thus mediating immune suppression, especially on macrophages and T cells. Mitochondria and autophagy-related pathways are also associated with MSC-exos immunosuppressive effects. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan An
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenxin Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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33
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Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) maintained the stemness of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) during long-term expansion by preserving mitochondrial function via the PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:329. [PMID: 32736659 PMCID: PMC7393921 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a limited self-renewal ability, impaired multi-differentiation potential, and undetermined cell senescence during in vitro series expansion. To address this concern, we investigated the effects of the microenvironment provided by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in maintaining the stemness of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and identified the key factors and possible mechanisms responsible for maintaining the stemness of MSCs during long-term expansion in vitro. Methods The passage 3 (P3) to passage 8 (P8) hBMSCs were cultured in the conditioned medium from SHED (SHED-CM). The percentage of senescent cells was evaluated by β-galactosidase staining. In addition, the osteogenic differentiation potential was analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot, alizarin red, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results identified hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) as key factors. Thus, the effects of HGF and SCF on mitochondrial function were assessed by measuring the ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential levels. Finally, selected mitochondrial-related proteins associated with the PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT3 signaling pathways were investigated to determine the effects of HGF and SCF in preserving the mitochondrial function of hBMSCs during long-term expansion. Results SHED-CM had significantly enhanced the cell proliferation, reduced the senescent cells, and maintained the osteogenesis and pro-angiogenic capacity in P8 hBMSCs during long-term expansion. In addition, hBMSCs treated with 100 ng/ml HGF and 10 ng/ml SCF had reduced ROS levels and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential compared with P8 hBMSCs during long-term expansion. Furthermore, HGF and SCF upregulated the expression of mitochondrial-related proteins associated with the PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT3 signaling pathways, possibly contributing to the maintenance of hBMSCs stemness by preserving mitochondrial function. Conclusion Both HGF and SCF are key factors in maintaining the stemness of hBMSCs by preserving mitochondrial function through the expression of proteins associated with the PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT3 signaling pathways. This study provides new insights into the anti-senescence capability of HGF and SCF, as well as new evidence for their potential application in optimizing the long-term culture of MSCs.
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34
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Zhu S, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Liang C, Cao N, Yan M, Gao F, Liu J, Wang W. Bioinformatics analysis and identification of circular RNAs promoting the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on titanium treated by surface mechanical attrition. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9292. [PMID: 32742764 PMCID: PMC7365136 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze and identify the circular RNAs (circRNAs) involved in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on titanium by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). METHODS The experimental material was SMAT titanium and the control material was annealed titanium. Cell Counting Kits-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the proliferation of hBMSCs, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining were used to detect the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs on the sample surfaces. The bioinformatics prediction software miwalk3.0 was used to construct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks by predicting circRNAs with osteogenesis-related messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). The circRNAs located at the key positions in the networks were selected and analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). RESULTS Compared with annealed titanium, SMAT titanium could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. The total number of predicted circRNAs was 51. Among these, 30 circRNAs and 8 miRNAs constituted 6 ceRNA networks. Circ-LTBP2 was selected for verification. QRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of hsa_circ_0032599, hsa_circ_0032600 and hsa_circ_0032601 were upregulated in the experimental group compared with those in the control group; the differential expression of hsa_circ_0032600 was the most obvious and statistically significant, with a fold change (FC) = 4.25 ± 1.60, p-values (p) < 0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhe Zhu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nanjue Cao
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Yan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Gao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department 1 of Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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35
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Stark AK, Davenport ECM, Patton DT, Scudamore CL, Vanhaesebroeck B, Veldhoen M, Garden OA, Okkenhaug K. Loss of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activity in Regulatory T Cells Leads to Neuronal Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:78-89. [PMID: 32414808 PMCID: PMC7311201 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Class I PI3K enzymes are critical for the maintenance of effective immunity. In T cells, PI3Kα and PI3Kδ are activated by the TCR and costimulatory receptors, whereas PI3Kγ is activated by G protein-coupled chemokine receptors. PI3Kδ is a key regulator of regulatory T (Treg) cell function. PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors are in development for the treatment of diseases associated with immune dysregulation, including chronic inflammatory conditions, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Idelalisib (PI3Kδ), alpelisib (PI3Kα), duvelisib (PI3Kδ/γ), and copanlisib (pan-PI3K) have recently been approved for use in cancer treatment. Although effective, these therapies often have severe side effects associated with immune dysregulation and, in particular, loss of Treg cells. Therefore, it is important to gain a better understanding of the relative contribution of different PI3K isoforms under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Experimental autoimmune encephalitis is a mouse model of T cell-driven CNS inflammation, in which Treg cells play a key protective role. In this study, we show that PI3Kδ is required to maintain normal Treg cell development and phenotype under homeostatic conditions but that loss of PI3Kδ alone in Treg cells does not lead to autoimmunity. However, combined loss of PI3Kα and PI3Kδ signaling resulted in increased experimental autoimmune encephalitis disease severity. Moreover, mice lacking PI3Kα and PI3Kδ in Treg cells developed spontaneous peripheral nerve inflammation. These results show a key role for PI3K signaling in Treg cell-mediated protection against CNS inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/genetics
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/genetics
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/diagnosis
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/administration & dosage
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peripheral Nerves/immunology
- Peripheral Nerves/pathology
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrien Stark
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C M Davenport
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel T Patton
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl L Scudamore
- Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
- Exepathology, Exmouth EX8 5LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6AG, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Joâo Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; and
| | - Oliver A Garden
- Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom;
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
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36
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Caffi V, Espinosa G, Gajardo G, Morales N, Durán MC, Uberti B, Morán G, Plaza A, Henríquez C. Pre-conditioning of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Increases Their Immunomodulatory Capacity. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:318. [PMID: 32656251 PMCID: PMC7325884 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly explored for the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases in human and veterinary medicine. One of the key characteristics of MSCs is that they modulate inflammation mainly through the secretion of soluble mediators. However, despite widespread clinical use, knowledge regarding the effector mechanisms of equine MSCs, and consequently their effectiveness in the treatment of diseases, is still unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the mechanisms underlying inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by equine bone marrow-derived MSCs, and to evaluate the effect of pre-conditioning of equine MSCs with different pro-inflammatory cytokines on inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. We determined that inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by equine MSCs depends on activity of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Additionally, pre-conditioning of MSCs with TNF-α, IFN-γ or their combination significantly increased the expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, iNOS and IL-6. This upregulation correlated with an increased inhibitory effect of MSCs on lymphocyte proliferation. In conclusion, pre-conditioning of bone marrow-derived MSC increases their inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caffi
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Espinosa
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Morales
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Carolina Durán
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Benjamín Uberti
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Morán
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anita Plaza
- Instituto de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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37
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Stowell J, Reynolds C, Boyton R. The impact of mesenchymal stem cells on host immunity and disease outcome in bacterial lung infection. Clin Med (Lond) 2020; 20:s117-s118. [PMID: 32409419 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.20-2-s117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Negi N, Griffin MD. Effects of mesenchymal stromal cells on regulatory T cells: Current understanding and clinical relevance. Stem Cells 2020; 38:596-605. [PMID: 31995249 PMCID: PMC7217190 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (T‐reg) is well recognized by translational scientists in the field of regenerative medicine and cellular therapies. A wide range of preclinical studies as well as a limited number of human clinical trials of MSC therapies have not only shown promising safety and efficacy profiles but have also revealed changes in T‐reg frequency and function. However, the mechanisms underlying this potentially important observation are not well understood and, consequently, the optimal strategies for harnessing MSC/T‐reg cross‐talk remain elusive. Cell‐to‐cell contact, production of soluble factors, reprogramming of antigen presenting cells to tolerogenic phenotypes, and induction of extracellular vesicles (“exosomes”) have emerged as possible mechanisms by which MSCs produce an immune‐modulatory milieu for T‐reg expansion. Additionally, these two cell types have the potential to complement each other's immunoregulatory functions, and a combinatorial approach may exert synergistic effects for the treatment of immunological diseases. In this review, we critically assess recent translational research related to the outcomes and mechanistic basis of MSC effects on T‐reg and provide a perspective on the potential for this knowledge base to be further exploited for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Negi
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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39
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Roberts G, Almqvist C, Boyle R, Crane J, Hogan SP, Marsland B, Saglani S, Woodfolk JA. Developments in the field of allergy in 2017 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 48:1606-1621. [PMID: 30489681 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we described the development in the field of allergy as described by Clinical and Experimental Allergy in 2017. Experimental models of allergic disease, basic mechanisms, clinical mechanisms, allergens, asthma and rhinitis and clinical allergy are all covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roberts
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - C Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Boyle
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S P Hogan
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - B Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Saglani
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J A Woodfolk
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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40
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Espinosa G, Plaza A, Schenffeldt A, Alarcón P, Gajardo G, Uberti B, Morán G, Henríquez C. Equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 221:109975. [PMID: 32087476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the largest leukocyte population in the blood of most mammals including horses, and play an important defensive role in many infectious diseases. However, the mechanisms that increase PMN as one of the main cellular subsets in the defense against pathogens could also be involved in the pathophysiology of dysregulated inflammatory conditions. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population with a modulatory potential on the inflammatory response and are known to interact with nearly all cells of the immune system, including PMN. In this study, the in vitro modulation of equine bone marrow-derived MSCs on equine PMN phagocytosis, ROS production, and NETs generation was assessed. RESULTS In co-culture with MSCs, unstimulated PMN produce less ROS (2.88 % ± 1.43) than PMN in single culture (5.89 % ± 2.63) (p = 0.016). Moreover, PMN co-cultured with MSCs remain conditioned to produce fewer ROS after PMA stimulation in comparison to PMN in single culture (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was found that incubation with MSC supernatant strongly inhibited ROS production (83 % ± 6.35 less than control) without affecting phagocytosis or capacity for NETosis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a modulatory effect of equine BM-derived MSCs on PMN respiratory burst, without impairing other important microbicidal functions. This supports the potential use of equine MSCs in excessive or persistent inflammatory conditions in which neutrophils are the main effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Espinosa
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Anita Plaza
- Instituto de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Andrés Schenffeldt
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Benjamín Uberti
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Gabriel Morán
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
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41
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Rahmatizadeh F, Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz S, Khodadadi K, Lale Ataei M, Ebrahimie E, Soleimani Rad J, Pashaiasl M. Bidirectional and Opposite Effects of Naïve Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Tumor Growth and Progression. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:539-558. [PMID: 31857958 PMCID: PMC6912184 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been considered as a heterogeneous population of uncontrolled proliferation of
different transformed cell types. The recent findings concerning tumorigeneses have highlighted
the fact that tumors can progress through tight relationships among tumor cells, cellular, and
non-cellular components which are present within tumor tissues. In recent years, studies have
shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential components of non-tumor cells within
the tumor tissues that can strongly affect tumor development. Several forms of MSCs have been
identified within tumor stroma. Naïve (innate) mesenchymal stem cells (N-MSCs) derived from
different sources are mostly recruited into the tumor stroma. N-MSCs exert dual and divergent
effects on tumor growth through different conditions and factors such as toll-like receptor
priming (TLR-priming), which is the primary underlying causes of opposite effects. Moreover,
MSCs also have the contrary effects by various molecular mechanisms relying on direct cellto-
cell connections and indirect communications through the autocrine, paracrine routes, and
tumor microenvironment (TME).
Overall, cell-based therapies will hold great promise to provide novel anticancer treatments.
However, the application of intact MSCs in cancer treatment can theoretically cause adverse
clinical outcomes. It is essential that to extensively analysis the effective factors and conditions
in which underlying mechanisms are adopted by MSCs when encounter with cancer.
The aim is to review the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the dual effects of
MSCs followed by the importance of polarization of MSCs through priming of TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Rahmatizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Khodadad Khodadadi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maryam Lale Ataei
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Pashaiasl
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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42
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Huang W, Song Y, Wang L. Wenshen decoction suppresses inflammation in IL-33-induced asthma murine model via inhibiting ILC2 activation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:570. [PMID: 31807551 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Wenshen decoction, consisting of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim, Morinda officinalis How and Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, has favorable efficacy in the treatment of asthma in China. Methods The present study investigated the potential immunomodulatory mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of Wenshen decoction on mouse asthma. Results Oral Wenshen decoction could ameliorate the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), reduce serum IgE, and improve the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation in the BALB/c mice after intranasal treatment with recombinant IL-33. Moreover, Wenshen decoction reduced ILC2 and RORα mRNA expression, decreased the mRNA expression of ICOS and ST2 in the lung, but significantly increased the production of IFN-γ. Conclusions Our study indicates that Wenshen decoction may inhibit the activation of ILC2 through the IL-33/ST2/ICOS pathway to further suppress airway inflammation and AHR in the asthmatic mice, and the increased IFN-γ might be related to the effects of Wenshen decoction on ILC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Huang
- Department of Respiration, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
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43
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Luque-Campos N, Contreras-López RA, Jose Paredes-Martínez M, Torres MJ, Bahraoui S, Wei M, Espinoza F, Djouad F, Elizondo-Vega RJ, Luz-Crawford P. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Rheumatoid Arthritis Progression by Controlling Memory T Cell Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:798. [PMID: 31040848 PMCID: PMC6477064 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have become an interesting therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to their capacity to potently modulate the immune response. RA is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder with an incompletely understood etiology. However, it has been well described that peripheral tolerance defects and the subsequent abnormal infiltration and activation of diverse immune cells into the synovial membrane, are critical for RA development and progression. Moreover, the imbalance between the immune response of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cells, in particular between memory Th17 and memory regulatory T cells (Treg), respectively, is well admitted to be associated to RA immunopathogenesis. In this context, MSCs, which are able to alter the frequency and function of memory lymphocytes including Th17, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and gamma delta (γδ) T cells while promoting Treg cell generation, have been proposed as a candidate of choice for RA cell therapy. Indeed, given the plasticity of memory CD4+ T cells, it is reasonable to think that MSCs will restore the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory memory T cells populations deregulated in RA leading to prompt their therapeutic function. In the present review, we will discuss the role of memory T cells implicated in RA pathogenesis and the beneficial effects exerted by MSCs on the phenotype and functions of these immune cells abnormally regulated in RA and how this regulation could impact RA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noymar Luque-Campos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael A Contreras-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Jose Paredes-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Mingxing Wei
- Cellvax, SAS, Parc BIOCITECH, Romainville, France
| | | | | | - Roberto Javier Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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44
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Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for autoimmune diseases: emerging roles of extracellular vesicles. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1533-1549. [PMID: 30623280 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In autoimmune disease body's own immune system knows healthy cells as undesired and foreign cells. Over 80 types of autoimmune diseases have been recognized. Currently, at clinical practice, treatment strategies for autoimmune disorders are based on relieving symptoms and preventing difficulties. In other words, there is no effective and useful therapy up to now. It has been well-known that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory effects. This strongly suggests that MSCs might be as a novel modality for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Supporting this notion a few preclinical and clinical studies indicate that MSCs ameliorate autoimmune disorders. Interestingly, it has been found that the beneficial effects of MSCs in autoimmune disorders are not relying only on direct cell-to-cell communication but on their capability to produce a broad range of paracrine factors including growth factors, cytokines and extracellular vehicles (EVs). EVs are multi-signal messengers that play a serious role in intercellular signaling through carrying cargo such as mRNA, miRNA, and proteins. Numerous studies have shown that MSC-derived EVs are able to mimic the effects of the cell of origin on immune cells. In this review, we discuss the current studies dealing with MSC-based therapies in autoimmune diseases and provide a vision and highlight in order to introduce MSC-derived EVs as an alternative and emerging modality for autoimmune disorders.
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45
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Schulman IH, Balkan W, Hare JM. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Aging Frailty. Front Nutr 2018; 5:108. [PMID: 30498696 PMCID: PMC6249304 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases and degenerative conditions are strongly linked with the geriatric syndrome of frailty and account for a disproportionate percentage of the health care budget. Frailty increases the risk of falls, hospitalization, institutionalization, disability, and death. By definition, frailty syndrome is characterized by declines in lean body mass, strength, endurance, balance, gait speed, activity and energy levels, and organ physiologic reserve. Collectively, these changes lead to the loss of homeostasis and capability to withstand stressors and resulting vulnerabilities. There is a strong link between frailty, inflammation, and the impaired ability to repair tissue injury due to decreases in endogenous stem cell production. Although exercise and nutritional supplementation provide benefit to frail patients, there are currently no specific therapies for frailty. Bone marrow-derived allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide therapeutic benefits in heart failure patients irrespective of age. MSCs contribute to cellular repair and tissue regeneration through their multilineage differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects, homing and migratory capacity to injury sites, and stimulatory effect on endogenous tissue progenitors. The advantages of using MSCs as a therapeutic strategy include standardization of isolation and culture expansion techniques and safety in allogeneic transplantation. Based on this evidence, we performed a randomized, double-blinded, dose-finding study in elderly, frail individuals and showed that intravenously delivered allogeneic MSCs are safe and produce significant improvements in physical performance measures and inflammatory biomarkers. We thus propose that frailty can be treated and the link between frailty and chronic inflammation offers a potential therapeutic target, addressable by cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Hernandez Schulman
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Wayne Balkan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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46
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Han Y, Dong Y, Yang Q, Xu W, Jiang S, Yu Z, Yu K, Zhang S. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Express ICOS Ligand to Promote the Expansion of Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 30319662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02227/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) accumulate in bone marrow microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, little is known about how the tumor environment including tumor cells themselves affects this process. Here we demonstrated that AML cells expressed inducible T-cell costimulator ligand (ICOSL) that can provide costimulation through ICOS for the conversion and expansion of Tregs sustaining high Foxp3 and CD25 expression as well as a suppressive function. TNF-a stimulation up-regulated the expression of ICOSL. Furthermore, both the conversion and expansion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells and CD4+ICOS+Foxp3+ T cells were induced by co-culture with AML cells overexpressed ICOSL. CD4+CD25+ICOS+ T cells possessed stronger ability to secrete IL-10 than CD4+CD25+ICOS- T cells. The mechanism by which IL-10 promoted the proliferation of AML cells was dependent on the activation of the Akt, Erk1/2, p38, and Stat3 signaling pathways. Blockade of ICOS signaling using anti-ICOSL antibody impaired the generation of Tregs and retarded the progression of an AML mice model injected with C1498 cells. The expression of ICOSL of patient AML cells and ICOS+ Tregs were found to be predictors for overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with AML, with ICOS+ Treg cell subset being a stronger predictor than total Tregs. These results suggest that ICOSL expression by AML cells may directly drive Treg expansion as a mechanism of immune evasion and ICOS+ Treg cell frequency is a better prognostic predictor in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Han
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Dong
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanling Xu
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Songfu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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47
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Han Y, Dong Y, Yang Q, Xu W, Jiang S, Yu Z, Yu K, Zhang S. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Express ICOS Ligand to Promote the Expansion of Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2227. [PMID: 30319662 PMCID: PMC6168677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) accumulate in bone marrow microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, little is known about how the tumor environment including tumor cells themselves affects this process. Here we demonstrated that AML cells expressed inducible T-cell costimulator ligand (ICOSL) that can provide costimulation through ICOS for the conversion and expansion of Tregs sustaining high Foxp3 and CD25 expression as well as a suppressive function. TNF-a stimulation up-regulated the expression of ICOSL. Furthermore, both the conversion and expansion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells and CD4+ICOS+Foxp3+ T cells were induced by co-culture with AML cells overexpressed ICOSL. CD4+CD25+ICOS+ T cells possessed stronger ability to secrete IL-10 than CD4+CD25+ICOS− T cells. The mechanism by which IL-10 promoted the proliferation of AML cells was dependent on the activation of the Akt, Erk1/2, p38, and Stat3 signaling pathways. Blockade of ICOS signaling using anti-ICOSL antibody impaired the generation of Tregs and retarded the progression of an AML mice model injected with C1498 cells. The expression of ICOSL of patient AML cells and ICOS+ Tregs were found to be predictors for overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with AML, with ICOS+ Treg cell subset being a stronger predictor than total Tregs. These results suggest that ICOSL expression by AML cells may directly drive Treg expansion as a mechanism of immune evasion and ICOS+ Treg cell frequency is a better prognostic predictor in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Han
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Dong
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanling Xu
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Songfu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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48
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Yan L, Zheng D, Xu RH. Critical Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1658. [PMID: 30079066 PMCID: PMC6062591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been broadly used as a therapy for autoimmune disease in both animal models and clinical trials. MSCs inhibit T effector cells and many other immune cells, while activating regulatory T cells, thus reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and repressing inflammation. TNF can modify the MSC effects via two TNF receptors, i.e., TNFR1 in general mediates pro-inflammatory effects and TNFR2 mediates anti-inflammatory effects. In the central nervous system, TNF signaling plays a dual role, which enhances inflammation via TNFR1 on immune cells while providing cytoprotection via TNFR2 on neural cells. In addition, the soluble form of TNFR1 and membrane-bound TNF also participate in the regulation to fine-tune the functions of target cells. Other factors that impact TNF signaling and MSC functions include the gender of the host, disease course, cytokine concentrations, and the length of treatment time. This review will introduce the fascinating progress in this aspect of research and discuss remaining questions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Dejin Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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49
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Lee DK, Song SU. Immunomodulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells and their therapeutic applications. Cell Immunol 2017; 326:68-76. [PMID: 28919171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, many studies have shown that MSCs must be stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines or other immune mediators before they can modulate immune cells in inflamed and damaged tissues. MSCs appear to be involved in inducing several regulatory immune cells, such as Tregs, Bregs, and regulatory NK cells. This new immune milieu created by MSCs may establish a tolerogenic environment that leads to an optimal condition for the treatment of immune diseases. The mechanisms of MSC action to treat immune disorders need to be further investigated in more detail. Since there have been some contradictory outcomes of clinical trials, it is necessary to perform large-scale and randomized clinical studies, such as a phase 3 placebo-controlled double-blind study of a third party MSCs to optimize MSC administration and to prove safety and efficacy of MSC treatment. MSCs offer great therapeutic promise, especially for the treatment of difficult-to-treat immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don K Lee
- SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon 22332 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun U Song
- Dept. of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332 Republic of Korea; SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon 22332 Republic of Korea.
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50
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Zheng Z, Xu PP, Wang L, Zhao HJ, Weng XQ, Zhong HJ, Qu B, Xiong J, Zhao Y, Wang XF, Janin A, Zhao WL. MiR21 sensitized B-lymphoma cells to ABT-199 via ICOS/ICOSL-mediated interaction of Treg cells with endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017. [PMID: 28637496 PMCID: PMC5480196 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in tumor progression by regulating tumor cells and tumor microenvironment. MiR21 is overexpressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its biological impact on tumor microenvironment remains unclear. METHODS MiR21 was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL. The mechanism of action of miR21 on lymphoma progression and tumor angiogenesis was examined in vitro in B-lymphoma cell lines and in vivo in a murine xenograft model. RESULTS Serum miR21 was significantly elevated in patients and associated with advanced disease stage, International Prognostic Index indicating intermediate-high and high-risk, and increased tumor angiogenesis. When co-cultured with immune cells and endothelial cells, miR21-overexpressing B-lymphoma cells were resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, but sensitive to Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199, irrespective of Bcl-2 expression on lymphoma cells. In both co-culture systems of Bcl-2positive and Bcl-2negative B-lymphoma cells, miR21 induced inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) expression on regulatory T (Treg) cells. Through crosstalking with Treg cells by ICOS ligand (ICOSL), endothelial cells were activated, resulting in stimulation of Bcl-2 expression and vessel formation. ABT-199 directly targeted Bcl-2 on endothelial cells, induced endothelial cell apoptosis and inhibited tumor angiogenesis. In a murine xenograft model established with subcutaneous injection of B-lymphoma cells, ABT-199 particularly retarded the growth of miR21-overexpressing tumors, consistent with the induction of endothelial cell apoptosis and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS As a serum oncogenic biomarker of B-cell lymphoma, miR21 indicated B-lymphoma cell sensitivity to ABT-199 via ICOS/ICOSL-mediated interaction of Treg cells with endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Peng-Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiang-Qin Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bin Qu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anne Janin
- Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China.,U1165 Inserm/Université Paris 7, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Wei-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China.
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