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Burra P, Zanetto A, Schnabl B, Reiberger T, Montano-Loza AJ, Asselta R, Karlsen TH, Tacke F. Hepatic immune regulation and sex disparities. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00974-5. [PMID: 39237606 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiology, clinical phenotype and response to therapies for gastrointestinal and liver diseases are commonly different between women and men due to sex-specific hormonal, genetic and immune-related factors. The hepatic immune system has unique regulatory functions that promote the induction of intrahepatic tolerance, which is key for maintaining liver health and homeostasis. In liver diseases, hepatic immune alterations are increasingly recognized as a main cofactor responsible for the development and progression of chronic liver injury and fibrosis. In this Review, we discuss the basic mechanisms of sex disparity in hepatic immune regulation and how these mechanisms influence and modify the development of autoimmune liver diseases, genetic liver diseases, portal hypertension and inflammation in chronic liver disease. Alterations in gut microbiota and their crosstalk with the hepatic immune system might affect the progression of liver disease in a sex-specific manner, creating potential opportunities for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to be evaluated in clinical trials. Finally, we identify and propose areas for future basic, translational and clinical research that will advance our understanding of sex disparities in hepatic immunity and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Burra
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.
| | - Alberto Zanetto
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aldo J Montano-Loza
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tom Hemming Karlsen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Clinic of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
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Marroncini G, Naldi L, Martinelli S, Amedei A. Gut-Liver-Pancreas Axis Crosstalk in Health and Disease: From the Role of Microbial Metabolites to Innovative Microbiota Manipulating Strategies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1398. [PMID: 39061972 PMCID: PMC11273695 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The functions of the gut are closely related to those of many other organs in the human body. Indeed, the gut microbiota (GM) metabolize several nutrients and compounds that, once released in the bloodstream, can reach distant organs, thus influencing the metabolic and inflammatory tone of the host. The main microbiota-derived metabolites responsible for the modulation of endocrine responses are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). These molecules can (i) regulate the pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon), (ii) increase glycogen synthesis in the liver, and (iii) boost energy expenditure, especially in skeletal muscles and brown adipose tissue. In other words, they are critical in maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis. In GM dysbiosis, the imbalance of microbiota-related products can affect the proper endocrine and metabolic functions, including those related to the gut-liver-pancreas axis (GLPA). In addition, the dysbiosis can contribute to the onset of some diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this review, we explored the roles of the gut microbiota-derived metabolites and their involvement in onset and progression of these diseases. In addition, we detailed the main microbiota-modulating strategies that could improve the diseases' development by restoring the healthy balance of the GLPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Marroncini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Laura Naldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Serena Martinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 50139 Florence, Italy
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Ekpruke CD, Alford R, Parker E, Silveyra P. Gonadal sex and chromosome complement influence the gut microbiome in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:417-425. [PMID: 38640403 PMCID: PMC11368565 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00003.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence abounds that gut microbiome components are associated with sex disparities in the immune system. However, it remains unclear whether the observed sex disparity in asthma incidence is associated with sex-dependent differences in immune-modulating gut microbiota, and/or its influence on allergic airway inflammatory processes. Using a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic inflammation and the four core genotypes (FCGs) model, we have previously reported sex differences in lung inflammatory phenotypes. Here, we investigated associations of gut microbiomes with these phenotypes by challenging FCG mice [mouse with female sex chromosome and male gonad (XXM), mouse with female sex chromosome and female gonad (XXF), mouse with male sex chromosome and male gonad (XYM), and mouse with male sex chromosome and female gonad (XYF); n = 7/group] with HDM (25 μg) or PBS intranasally for 5 wk and collecting fecal samples. We extracted fecal DNA and analyzed the 16S microbiome via Targeted Metagenomic Sequencing. We compared α and β diversity across genotypes and assessed the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. When comparing baseline and after exposure for the FCG, we found that the gut F/B ratio was only increased in the XXM genotype. We also found that α diversity was significantly increased in all FCG mice upon HDM challenge, with the highest increase in the XXF, and the lowest in the XXM genotypes. Similarly, β diversity of the microbial community was also affected by challenge in a gonad- and chromosome-dependent manner. In summary, our results indicated that HDM treatment, gonads, and sex chromosomes significantly influence the gut microbial community composition. We concluded that allergic lung inflammation may be affected by the gut microbiome in a sex-dependent manner involving both hormonal and genetic influences.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recently, the gut microbiome and its role in chronic respiratory disease have been the subject of extensive research and the establishment of its involvement in immune functions. Using the FCG mouse model, our findings revealed the influence of gonads and sex chromosomes on the microbial community structure before and after exposure to HDM. Our data provide a potential new avenue to better understand mediators of sex disparities associated with allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Damilola Ekpruke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Rachel Alford
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Erik Parker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Biostatistics Consulting Center, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Chen T, Pan F, Huang Q, Xie G, Chao X, Wu L, Wang J, Cui L, Sun T, Li M, Wang Y, Guan Y, Zheng X, Ren Z, Guo Y, Wang L, Zhou K, Zhao A, Guo Q, Xie F, Jia W. Metabolic phenotyping reveals an emerging role of ammonia abnormality in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3796. [PMID: 38714706 PMCID: PMC11076546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic implications in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a metabolomics study on a moderately aging Chinese Han cohort (n = 1397; mean age 66 years). Conjugated bile acids, branch-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and glutamate-related features exhibited strong correlations with cognitive impairment, clinical stage, and brain amyloid-β deposition (n = 421). These features demonstrated synergistic performances across clinical stages and subpopulations and enhanced the differentiation of AD stages beyond demographics and Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE-ε4). We validated their performances in eight data sets (total n = 7685) obtained from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP). Importantly, identified features are linked to blood ammonia homeostasis. We further confirmed the elevated ammonia level through AD development (n = 1060). Our findings highlight AD as a metabolic disease and emphasize the metabolite-mediated ammonia disturbance in AD and its potential as a signature and therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fengfeng Pan
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc., Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Xiaowen Chao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lirong Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Liang Cui
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Mengci Li
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhenxing Ren
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuhuai Guo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kejun Zhou
- Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc., Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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Zhang L, Li S, Zhang D, Yin C, Wang Z, Chen R, Cheng N, Bai Y. Value of GPR, APPRI and FIB-4 in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective cohort study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2024; 54:129-136. [PMID: 37869774 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is an urgent need for novel biomarkers that are inexpensive, effective and easily accessible to complement the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between serum gamma-glutamate-transpeptidase to platelet ratio, alkaline phosphatase-to-platelet ratio index, fibrosis index based on four factors and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, and to determine the optimal cut-offs for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Based on a prospective cohort study, 44 215 participants who were cancer-free at baseline (2011-13) were included in the study. Cox proportional hazard models and receiver operating characteristics curves were used to analyze the diagnostic value and optimal cut-off value of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase to platelet ratio, alkaline phosphatase-to-platelet ratio index and fibrosis index based on four factors in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma patients. RESULTS Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase to platelet ratio, alkaline phosphatase-to-platelet ratio index and fibrosis index based on four factors can be used as early independent predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma risk. The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the fourth quantile of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase to platelet ratio and alkaline phosphatase-to-platelet ratio index was 4.04 times (hazard ratio = 4.04, 95% confidence interval: 2.09, 7.80) and 2.59 times (hazard ratio = 2.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.45, 4.61), respectively, compared with the first quantile. With fibrosis index based on four factors first quantile as a reference, fibrosis index based on four factors fourth quantile had the highest risk (hazard ratio = 18.58, 95% confidence interval: 7.55, 45.72). Receiver operating characteristic results showed that fibrosis index based on four factors had a stronger ability to predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (area under curve = 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.80, 0.81), and similar results were shown for gender stratification. In the total population, the optimal cut-off values of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase to platelet ratio, alkaline phosphatase-to-platelet ratio index and fibrosis index based on four factors were 0.208, 0.629 and 1.942, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase to platelet ratio, alkaline phosphatase-to-platelet ratio index and fibrosis index based on four factors were independent predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma risk. Amongst them, fibrosis index based on four factors shows a stronger predictive ability for hepatocellular carcinoma risk, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase to platelet ratio and alkaline phosphatase-to-platelet ratio index can be used as complementary indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Desheng Zhang
- Jinchuan Group Co., LTD, Jinchuan Company Staff Hospital, Jinchang, China
| | - Chun Yin
- Jinchuan Group Co., LTD, Jinchuan Company Staff Hospital, Jinchang, China
| | - Zhongge Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Cheng
- College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yana Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Lévi FA, Okyar A, Hadadi E, Innominato PF, Ballesta A. Circadian Regulation of Drug Responses: Toward Sex-Specific and Personalized Chronotherapy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:89-114. [PMID: 37722720 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051920-095416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Today's challenge for precision medicine involves the integration of the impact of molecular clocks on drug pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and efficacy toward personalized chronotherapy. Meaningful improvements of tolerability and/or efficacy of medications through proper administration timing have been confirmed over the past decade for immunotherapy and chemotherapy against cancer, as well as for commonly used pharmacological agents in cardiovascular, metabolic, inflammatory, and neurological conditions. Experimental and human studies have recently revealed sexually dimorphic circadian drug responses. Dedicated randomized clinical trials should now aim to issue personalized circadian timing recommendations for daily medical practice, integrating innovative technologies for remote longitudinal monitoring of circadian metrics, statistical prediction of molecular clock function from single-timepoint biopsies, and multiscale biorhythmic mathematical modelling. Importantly, chronofit patients with a robust circadian function, who would benefit most from personalized chronotherapy, need to be identified. Conversely, nonchronofit patients could benefit from the emerging pharmacological class of chronobiotics targeting the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis A Lévi
- Chronotherapy, Cancers and Transplantation Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France;
- Gastrointestinal and General Oncology Service, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alper Okyar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University, Beyazit-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eva Hadadi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Myeloid Cell Immunology, Center for Inflammation Research VIB, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Pasquale F Innominato
- Oncology Department, Ysbyty Gwynedd Hospital, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School and Cancer Research Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle Ballesta
- Inserm Unit 900, Cancer Systems Pharmacology, Institut Curie, MINES ParisTech CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, PSL Research University, Saint-Cloud, France
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Gan Y, Wu YJ, Dong YQ, Li Q, Wu SG, Jin YQ, Lu TF. The study on the impact of sex on the structure of gut microbiota of bamboo rats in China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1276620. [PMID: 38164398 PMCID: PMC10757957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1276620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bamboo rats are rodents that eat bamboo, and their robust capacity for bamboo digestion is directly correlated with their gut flora. Chinese bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis) is a common bamboo rat in Chinese central and southern regions. As a single-stomach mammal, bamboo rats are a famous specificity bamboo-eating animal and their intestinal microbial composition may also play a key role in the digestion of cellulose and lignin. So, the gut microbiota of bamboo rat may play an important role in the adaptation of bamboo rats for digesting lignocellulose-based diet. Methods To study the microbiome differences of bamboo rats from different sexes, the microbial genomic DNA was extracted from each fecal sample and the V4 region of 16S rRNA genes was amplified and sequencing on an IlluminaHiSeq6000 platform. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were classified, the OTUs in different sexes was identified and compared at phylum and genus levels. For isolation and screening of cellulose degradation bacteria from bamboo rats, fresh feces from randomly selected bamboo rats were collected and used for the isolation and screening of cellulose degradation bacteria using Luria Bertani (LB) Agar medium containing Carboxymethyl cellulose. The cellulase activity, biochemical characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the purified bacteria strains were characterized. Results and discussion A total of 3,833 OTUs were classified. The total microbial diversity detected in the female and male rats was 3,049 OTUs and 3,452 OTUs, respectively. The Shannon index revealed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05), though they were all captive and had the same feeding conditions. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria were prominent in the microbial community. At the genus level, the microbial community was dominated by Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Prevotella, but there was a significant difference between the two groups of bamboo rats; ~90 bacteria genus in the female group was significantly higher than the male group. Among them, Bacteroides, Colidextribacter, and Oscillibacter were significantly higher genera, and the genera of Lachnoclostridium, Oscillibacter, and Papillibacter had the highest FC value among the male and female bamboo rats. The KEGG function annotation and different pathways analysis revealed that membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were the most enriched metabolic pathways in the two groups, and multiple sugar transport system permease protein (K02025 and K02026), RNA polymerase sigma-70 factor (K03088), and ATP-binding cassette (K06147) were the three different KEGG pathways (p < 0.05). Two cellulose degradation bacteria strains-Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis-were isolated and characterized from the feces of bamboo rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gan
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan-jun Wu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuan-qiu Dong
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shu-guang Wu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuan-qing Jin
- Kaili Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaili, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao-feng Lu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Lin X, Zhu X, Xin Y, Zhang P, Xiao Y, He T, Guo H. Intermittent Fasting Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Promoting Fecal Bile Acid Excretion in High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200595. [PMID: 37148502 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Intermittent fasting (IF) has a protective role across a wide range of chronic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, but its protection against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still lacking. This study seeks to investigate how IF alleviates NASH by regulating gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) composition. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice are fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 16 weeks to establish a NASH model. Mice then continued HFHC feeding and are treated with or without every other day fasting for 10 weeks. Hepatic pathology is assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Gut microbiota of the cecum are profiled using 16S rDNA gene sequencing and the levels of BAs in serum, colon contents, and feces are measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results indicate that IF significantly decreases murine body weight, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, ballooning, and lobular inflammation. IF reshapes the gut microbiota, reduces the accumulation of serum BAs, and increases total colonic and fecal BAs. Moreover, IF increases the expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 1 in liver, but decreases the expressions of both farnesoid-X-receptor and fibroblast growth factor 15 in the ileum. CONCLUSION IF alleviates NASH by regulating bile acid metabolism and promoting fecal bile acid excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yan Xin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yunjun Xiao
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Taiping He
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
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Fu C, Ni J, Huang R, Gao Y, Li S, Li Y, JinjinLi, Zhong K, Zhang P. Sex different effect of antibiotic and probiotic treatment on intestinal microbiota composition in chemically induced liver injury rats. Genomics 2023; 115:110647. [PMID: 37217087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the gut microbiota and metabolic processes between males and females may explain differences in the risk of liver injury; however, the sex-specific effects of antibiotics and probiotics on these relationships are not clear. We evaluated differences in the gut microbiota and the risk of liver injury between male and female rats after the oral administration of antibiotics or probiotics followed by a period of diethylnitrosamine treatment to chemically induce liver injuryusing high-throughput sequencing of fecal microbiota combined with histological analyses of liver and colon tissues. Our results suggest that the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria in kanamycin-treated rats was significantly higher than that of other groups, and this difference persisted for the duration of the experiment. Antibiotics significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota of experimental rats. Clindamycin caused more diethylnitrosamine-induced damage to livers of male rats. Probiotics did not influencethe gut microbiota; however, they hadprotective effects against liver injury induced by diethylnitrosamine, especially in female rats. These results strengthen our understanding of sex differences in the indirect effects of antibiotics or probiotics on metabolism and liver injury in hosts via the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Fu
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jiajia Ni
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Research and Development Center, Guangdong Meilikang Bio-Sciences Ltd., Foshan 528200, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yi Gao
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Shao Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yang Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - JinjinLi
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Kebo Zhong
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
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10
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Liu AN, Xu CF, Liu YR, Sun DQ, Jiang L, Tang LJ, Zhu PW, Chen SD, Liu WY, Wang XD, Targher G, Byrne CD, Wong VWS, Fu J, Su MM, Loomba R, Zheng MH, Ni Y. Secondary bile acids improve risk prediction for non-invasive identification of mild liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:872-885. [PMID: 36670060 PMCID: PMC10792530 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated bile acid (BA) metabolism has been linked to steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIM To determine whether circulating BA levels accurately stage liver fibrosis in NAFLD. METHODS We recruited 550 Chinese adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD and varying levels of fibrosis. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was performed to quantify 38 serum BAs. RESULTS Compared to those without fibrosis, patients with mild fibrosis (stage F1) had significantly higher levels of secondary BAs, and increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), body mass index, and waist circumstance (WC). The combination of serum BAs with WC, DBP, ALT, or Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance performed well in identifying mild fibrosis, in men and women, and in those with/without obesity, with AUROCs 0.80, 0.88, 0.75 and 0.78 in the training set (n = 385), and 0.69, 0.80, 0.61 and 0.69 in the testing set (n = 165), respectively. In comparison, the combination of BAs and clinical/biochemical biomarkers performed less well in identifying significant fibrosis (F2-4). In women and in non-obese subjects, AUROCs were 0.75 and 0.71 in the training set, 0.65 and 0.66 in the validation set, respectively. However, these AUROCs were higher than those observed for the fibrosis-4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score, and Hepamet fibrosis score. CONCLUSIONS Secondary BA levels were significantly increased in NAFLD, especially in those with mild fibrosis. The combination of serum BAs and clinical/biochemical biomarkers for identifying mild fibrosis merits further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Na Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Fang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ru Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Qin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Jie Tang
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pei-Wu Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sui-Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher D. Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton & University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Ming Su
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Shanghai Keyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Ni
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Wang L, Tang L, Zhai D, Song M, Li W, Xu S, Jiang S, Meng H, Liang J, Wang Y, Zhang B. The role of the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis in tumor immunotherapy. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2185035. [PMID: 36880651 PMCID: PMC10012946 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2185035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggested that both gut microbiome and sex play a critical role in the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Considering the reciprocal relationship between sex hormones and gut microbiome, the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis may participate in the regulation of the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this review, it was attempted to summarize the current knowledge about the influences of both sex and gut microbiome on the antitumor efficacy of ICIs and describe the interaction between sex hormones and gut microbiome. Accordingly, this review discussed the potential of enhancing the antitumor efficacy of ICIs through regulating the levels of sex hormones through manipulation of gut microbiome. Collectively, this review provided reliable evidence concerning the role of the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongchang Zhai
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meiying Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Suli Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haining Meng
- School of Emergency Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Xia H, Chen H, Cheng X, Yin M, Yao X, Ma J, Huang M, Chen G, Liu H. Zebrafish: an efficient vertebrate model for understanding role of gut microbiota. Mol Med 2022; 28:161. [PMID: 36564702 PMCID: PMC9789649 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a critical role in the maintenance of host health. As a low-cost and genetically tractable vertebrate model, zebrafish have been widely used for biological research. Zebrafish and humans share some similarities in intestinal physiology and function, and this allows zebrafish to be a surrogate model for investigating the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and host. Especially, zebrafish have features such as high fecundity, external fertilization, and early optical transparency. These enable the researchers to employ the fish to address questions not easily addressed in other animal models. In this review, we described the intestine structure of zebrafish. Also, we summarized the methods of generating a gnotobiotic zebrafish model, the factors affecting its intestinal flora, and the study progress of gut microbiota functions in zebrafish. Finally, we discussed the limitations and challenges of the zebrafish model for gut microbiota studies. In summary, this review established that zebrafish is an attractive research tool to understand mechanistic insights into host-microbe interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiaowei Yao
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Mengzhen Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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13
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Xu Z, Jiang N, Xiao Y, Yuan K, Wang Z. The role of gut microbiota in liver regeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003376. [PMID: 36389782 PMCID: PMC9647006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver has unique regeneration potential, which ensures the continuous dependence of the human body on hepatic functions. As the composition and function of gut microbiota has been gradually elucidated, the vital role of gut microbiota in liver regeneration through gut-liver axis has recently been accepted. In the process of liver regeneration, gut microbiota composition is changed. Moreover, gut microbiota can contribute to the regulation of the liver immune microenvironment, thereby modulating the release of inflammatory factors including IL-6, TNF-α, HGF, IFN-γ and TGF-β, which involve in different phases of liver regeneration. And previous research have demonstrated that through enterohepatic circulation, bile acids (BAs), lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acids and other metabolites of gut microbiota associate with liver and may promote liver regeneration through various pathways. In this perspective, by summarizing gut microbiota-derived signaling pathways that promote liver regeneration, we unveil the role of gut microbiota in liver regeneration and provide feasible strategies to promote liver regeneration by altering gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Wang, ; Kefei Yuan, ; Yuanyuan Xiao,
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Wang, ; Kefei Yuan, ; Yuanyuan Xiao,
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Wang, ; Kefei Yuan, ; Yuanyuan Xiao,
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14
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Khalyfa AA, Punatar S, Yarbrough A. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Understanding the Inflammatory Implications of the Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158164. [PMID: 35897739 PMCID: PMC9332105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is well known that repeated inflammatory insults in the liver can cause hepatic cellular injury that lead to cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, the microbiome has been implicated in multiple inflammatory conditions which predispose patients to malignancy. With this in mind, we explore the inflammatory implications of the microbiome on pathways that lead to HCC. We also focus on how an understanding of these underlying inflammatory principles lead to a more wholistic understanding of this deadly disease, as well as potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahamed A. Khalyfa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shil Punatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA;
| | - Alex Yarbrough
- Department of Gastroenterology, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA;
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15
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Oh HS, Min U, Jang H, Kim N, Lim J, Chalita M, Chun J. Proposal of a health gut microbiome index based on a meta-analysis of Korean and global population datasets. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY (SEOUL, KOREA) 2022; 60:533-549. [PMID: 35362897 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of the human gut microbiota has been linked to host health conditions, including various diseases. However, no reliable index for measuring and predicting a healthy microbiome is currently available. Here, the sequencing data of 1,663 Koreans were obtained from three independent studies. Furthermore, we pooled 3,490 samples from public databases and analyzed a total of 5,153 fecal samples. First, we analyzed Korean gut microbiome covariates to determine the influence of lifestyle on variation in the gut microbiota. Next, patterns of microbiota variations across geographical locations and disease statuses were confirmed using a global cohort and di-sease data. Based on comprehensive comparative analysis, we were able to define three enterotypes among Korean cohorts, namely, Prevotella type, Bacteroides type, and outlier type. By a thorough categorization of dysbiosis and the evaluation of microbial characteristics using multiple datasets, we identified a wide spectrum of accuracy levels in classifying health and disease states. Using the observed microbiome patterns, we devised an index named the gut microbiome index (GMI) that could consistently predict health conditions from human gut microbiome data. Compared to ecological metrics, the microbial marker index, and machine learning approaches, GMI distinguished between healthy and non-healthy individuals with a higher accuracy across various datasets. Thus, this study proposes a potential index to measure health status of gut microbiome that is verified from multiethnic data of various diseases, and we expect this model to facilitate further clinical application of gut microbiota data in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Oh
- ChunLab Inc., Seoul, 06194, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Uigi Min
- ChunLab Inc., Seoul, 06194, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Jang
- ChunLab Inc., Seoul, 06194, Republic of Korea
| | - Namil Kim
- ChunLab Inc., Seoul, 06194, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jongsik Chun
- ChunLab Inc., Seoul, 06194, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Chen XY, Wang C, Huang YZ, Zhang LL. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease shows significant sex dimorphism. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:1457-1472. [PMID: 35211584 PMCID: PMC8855265 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i5.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has been renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, is a growing global medical problem. The incidence of NAFLD and its associated end-stage liver disease is increasing each year, and many research advancements have been achieved to date. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the sex differences in NAFLD and does not elaborate on areas without differences. Studies have revealed significant sex differences in the prevalence, influencing factors, pathophysiology, complications and therapies of NAFLD. Men have a higher incidence than women. Compared with women, men exhibit increased visceral fat deposition, are more susceptible to leptin resistance, lack estrogen receptors, and tend to synthesize fatty acids into fat storage. Male patients will experience more severe hepatic fibrosis and a higher incidence of liver cancer. However, once NAFLD occurs, women show a faster progression of liver fibrosis, higher levels of liver cell damage and inflammation and are less likely to undergo liver transplantation than men. In general, men have more risk factors and more severe pathophysiological reactions than women, whereas the development of NAFLD is faster in women, and the treatments for women are more limited than those for men. Thus, whether sex differences should be considered in the individualized prevention and treatment of NAFLD in the future is worth considering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Cong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China
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17
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Dodiya HB, Lutz HL, Weigle IQ, Patel P, Michalkiewicz J, Roman-Santiago CJ, Zhang CM, Liang Y, Srinath A, Zhang X, Xia J, Olszewski M, Zhang X, Schipma MJ, Chang EB, Tanzi RE, Gilbert JA, Sisodia SS. Gut microbiota-driven brain Aβ amyloidosis in mice requires microglia. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20200895. [PMID: 34854884 PMCID: PMC8647415 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that lifelong antibiotic (ABX) perturbations of the gut microbiome in male APPPS1-21 mice lead to reductions in amyloid β (Aβ) plaque pathology and altered phenotypes of plaque-associated microglia. Here, we show that a short, 7-d treatment of preweaned male mice with high-dose ABX is associated with reductions of Aβ amyloidosis, plaque-localized microglia morphologies, and Aβ-associated degenerative changes at 9 wk of age in male mice only. More importantly, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from transgenic (Tg) or WT male donors into ABX-treated male mice completely restored Aβ amyloidosis, plaque-localized microglia morphologies, and Aβ-associated degenerative changes. Transcriptomic studies revealed significant differences between vehicle versus ABX-treated male mice and FMT from Tg mice into ABX-treated mice largely restored the transcriptome profiles to that of the Tg donor animals. Finally, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor-mediated depletion of microglia in ABX-treated male mice failed to reduce cerebral Aβ amyloidosis. Thus, microglia play a critical role in driving gut microbiome-mediated alterations of cerebral Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemraj B. Dodiya
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Holly L. Lutz
- Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Ian Q. Weigle
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Priyam Patel
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | - Yingxia Liang
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Abhinav Srinath
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xulun Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jessica Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Monica Olszewski
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiaoqiong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Jack A. Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
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18
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Bartolini I, Risaliti M, Tucci R, Muiesan P, Ringressi MN, Taddei A, Amedei A. Gut microbiota and immune system in liver cancer: Promising therapeutic implication from development to treatment. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1616-1631. [PMID: 34853639 PMCID: PMC8603449 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver tumour, followed by cholangiocarcinoma. Notably, secondary tumours represent up to 90% of liver tumours. Chronic liver disease is a recognised risk factor for liver cancer development. Up to 90% of the patients with HCC and about 20% of those with cholangiocarcinoma have an underlying liver alteration. The gut microbiota-liver axis represents the bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota, its metabolites and the liver through the portal flow. The interplay between the immune system and gut microbiota is also well-known. Although primarily resulting from experiments in animal models and on HCC, growing evidence suggests a causal role for the gut microbiota in the development and progression of chronic liver pathologies and liver tumours. Despite the curative intent of "traditional" treatments, tumour recurrence remains high. Therefore, microbiota modulation is an appealing therapeutic target for liver cancer prevention and treatment. Furthermore, microbiota could represent a non-invasive biomarker for early liver cancer diagnosis. This review summarises the potential role of the microbiota and immune system in primary and secondary liver cancer development, focusing on the potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Bartolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Matteo Risaliti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Rosaria Tucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Paolo Muiesan
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence 50134, Italy
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19
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Bruneau A, Hundertmark J, Guillot A, Tacke F. Molecular and Cellular Mediators of the Gut-Liver Axis in the Progression of Liver Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:725390. [PMID: 34650994 PMCID: PMC8505679 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.725390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis covers the bidirectional communication between the gut and the liver, and thus includes signals from liver-to-gut (e.g., bile acids, immunoglobulins) and from gut-to-liver (e.g., nutrients, microbiota-derived products, and recirculating bile acids). In a healthy individual, liver homeostasis is tightly controlled by the mostly tolerogenic liver resident macrophages, the Kupffer cells, capturing the gut-derived antigens from the blood circulation. However, disturbances of the gut-liver axis have been associated to the progression of varying chronic liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Notably, changes of the gut microbiome, or intestinal dysbiosis, combined with increased intestinal permeability, leads to the translocation of gut-derived bacteria or their metabolites into the portal vein. In the context of concomitant or subsequent liver inflammation, the liver is then infiltrated by responsive immune cells (e.g., monocytes, neutrophils, lymphoid, or dendritic cells), and microbiota-derived products may provoke or exacerbate innate immune responses, hence perpetuating liver inflammation and fibrosis, and potentiating the risks of developing cirrhosis. Similarly, food derived antigens, bile acids, danger-, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns are able to reshape the liver immune microenvironment. Immune cell intracellular signaling components, such as inflammasome activation, toll-like receptor or nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors signaling, are potent targets of interest for the modulation of the immune response. This review describes the current understanding of the cellular landscape and molecular pathways involved in the gut-liver axis and implicated in chronic liver disease progression. We also provide an overview of innovative therapeutic approaches and current clinical trials aiming at targeting the gut-liver axis for the treatment of patients with chronic liver and/or intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Bruneau
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Hundertmark
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
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20
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Arthur RA, Dos Santos Bezerra R, Ximenez JPB, Merlin BL, de Andrade Morraye R, Neto JV, Fava NMN, Figueiredo DLA, de Biagi CAO, Montibeller MJ, Guimarães JB, Alves EG, Schreiner M, da Costa TS, da Silva CFL, Malheiros JM, da Silva LHB, Ribas GT, Achallma DO, Braga CM, Andrade KFA, do Carmo Alves Martins V, Dos Santos GVN, Granatto CF, Terin UC, Sanches IH, Ramos DE, Garay-Malpartida HM, de Souza GMP, Slavov SN, Silva WA. Microbiome and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a possible interplay on iron metabolism and its impact on tumor microenvironment. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1287-1302. [PMID: 34002353 PMCID: PMC8324744 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing positive association between changes in oral microbiome and the occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Alcohol- and nicotine-related products can induce microbial changes but are still unknown if these changes are related to cancerous lesion sites. In an attempt to understand how these changes can influence the OSCC development and maintenance, the aim of this study was to investigate the oral microbiome linked with OSCC as well as to identify functional signatures and associate them with healthy or precancerous and cancerous sites. Our group used data of oral microbiomes available in public repositories. The analysis included data of oral microbiomes from electronic cigarette users, alcohol consumers, and precancerous and OSCC samples. An R-based pipeline was used for taxonomic and functional prediction analysis. The Streptococcus spp. genus was the main class identified in the healthy group. Haemophilus spp. predominated in precancerous lesions. OSCC samples revealed a higher relative abundance compared with the other groups, represented by an increased proportion of Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Haemophilus spp., and Campylobacter spp. Venn diagram analysis showed 52 genera exclusive of OSCC samples. Both precancerous and OSCC samples seemed to present a specific associated functional pattern. They were menaquinone-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase pattern enhanced in the former and both 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (purine metabolism) and iron(III) transport system ATP-binding protein enhanced in the latter. We conclude that although precancerous and OSCC samples present some differences on microbial profile, both microbiomes act as "iron chelators-like" potentially contributing to tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Preventive and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical Oncology, Stem Cells and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Laís Merlin
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael de Andrade Morraye
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - João Valentini Neto
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Natália Melo Nasser Fava
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - David Livingstone Alves Figueiredo
- Institute for Cancer Research (IPEC), Guarapuava, PR, 85015-430, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, 85015-430, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Biagi
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Jara Montibeller
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jhefferson Barbosa Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ellen Gomes Alves
- Undergraduate in Biological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Paulista, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Schreiner
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tiago Silva da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Charlie Felipe Liberati da Silva
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luan Henrique Burda da Silva
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Taborda Ribas
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daisy Obispo Achallma
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, FARVET, Chincha Alta, Ica, Perú & Centro de Investigación de Genética y Biología Molecular (CIGBM), Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Camila Margalho Braga
- Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon, Pará State University, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Karen Flaviane Assis Andrade
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Henrique Sanches
- Institute of Pathology Tropical and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Diana Estefania Ramos
- Department of Oral; Maxillofacial Surgery, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Marcelino Pereira de Souza
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501 - 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.
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21
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Ji G, Si X, Dong S, Xu Y, Li M, Yang B, Tang Z, Fang X, Huang L, Song W, Chen X. Manipulating Liver Bile Acid Signaling by Nanodelivery of Bile Acid Receptor Modulators for Liver Cancer Immunotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6781-6791. [PMID: 34382807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Gut bacteria and their metabolites influence the immune microenvironment of liver through the gut-liver axis, thus representing emerging therapeutic targets for liver cancer therapy. However, directly manipulating gut microbiota or their metabolites is not practical in clinic since the safety concerns and the complicated mechanism of action. Considering the dysregulated bile acid profiles associated with liver cancer, here we propose a strategy that directly manipulates the primary and secondary bile acid receptors through nanoapproach as an alternative and more precise way for liver cancer therapy. We show that nanodelivery of bile acid receptor modulators elicited robust antitumor immune responses and significantly changed the immune microenvironment in the murine hepatic tumor. In addition, ex vivo stimulation on both murine and patient hepatic tumor tissues suggests the observation here may be meaningful for clinical practice. This study elucidates a novel and precise strategy for liver cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xinghui Si
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Si Dong
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yajun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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22
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Mody D, Verma V, Rani V. Modulating host gene expression via gut microbiome-microRNA interplay to treat human diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:596-611. [PMID: 34407384 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1907739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract hosts trillions of microbial inhabitants involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, dysbiosis of which provokes a motley of pathogenic and autoimmune disorders. While the mechanisms by which the microbiota modulates human health are manifold, their liberated metabolites from ingested dietary supplements play a crucial role by bidirectionally regulating the expression of micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs). miRNAs are small endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have been confirmed to be involved in an interplay with microbiota to regulate host gene expression. This comprehensive review focuses on key principles of miRNAs, their regulation, and crosstalk with gut microbiota to influence host gene expression in various human disorders, by bringing together important recent findings centric around miRNA-microbiota interactions in diseases along various axis of the gut with other organs. We also attempt to lay emphasis on exploiting the avenues of gut-directed miRNA therapeutics using rudimentary dietary supplements to regulate abnormal host gene expression in diseases, opening doors to an accessible and economical therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepansh Mody
- Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Vedika Verma
- Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Vibha Rani
- Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
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23
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Zhang C, Yang M. The Emerging Factors and Treatment Options for NAFLD-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153740. [PMID: 34359642 PMCID: PMC8345138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and it is an increasing factor in the cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of NAFLD has increased in recent decades, accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of other metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, current treatment options are limited. Both genetic factors and non-genetic factors impact the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC. The early diagnosis of liver cancer predicts curative treatment and longer survival. Some key molecules play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC, which can be targeted to impede HCC development. In this review, we summarize some key factors and important molecules in NAFLD-related HCC development, the latest progress in HCC diagnosis and treatment options, and some current clinical trials for NAFLD treatment. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, followed by cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). HCC is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and its incidence is rising, associated with an increased prevalence of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, current treatment options are limited. Genetic factors and epigenetic factors, influenced by age and environment, significantly impact the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC. In addition, both transcriptional factors and post-transcriptional modification are critically important for the development of HCC in the fatty liver under inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. The early diagnosis of liver cancer predicts curative treatment and longer survival. However, clinical HCC cases are commonly found in a very late stage due to the asymptomatic nature of the early stage of NAFLD-related HCC. The development of diagnostic methods and novel biomarkers, as well as the combined evaluation algorithm and artificial intelligence, support the early and precise diagnosis of NAFLD-related HCC, and timely monitoring during its progression. Treatment options for HCC and NAFLD-related HCC include immunotherapy, CAR T cell therapy, peptide treatment, bariatric surgery, anti-fibrotic treatment, and so on. Overall, the incidence of NAFLD-related HCC is increasing, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanism implicated in the progression of NAFLD-related HCC is essential for improving treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Xiong F, Zheng Z, Xiao L, Su C, Chen J, Gu X, Tang J, Zhao Y, Luo H, Zha L. Soyasaponin A 2 Alleviates Steatohepatitis Possibly through Regulating Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota in the Methionine and Choline-Deficient (MCD) Diet-induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100067. [PMID: 34047448 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic progressive disease with complex pathogenesis of which the bile acids (BAs) and gut microbiota are involved. Soyasaponins (SS) exhibits many health-promoting effects including hepatoprotection, but its prevention against NASH is unclear. This study aims to investigate the preventive bioactivities of SS monomer (SS-A2 ) against NASH and further clarify its mechanism by targeting the BAs and gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS The methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet-fed male C57BL/6 mice were intervened with obeticholic acid or SS-A2 for 16 weeks. Hepatic pathology is assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. BAs in serum, liver, and colon are measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQMS). Gut microbiota in caecum are determined by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. In the MCD diet-induced NASH mice, SS-A2 significantly reduces hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) scores, and fibrosis, decreases Erysipelotrichaceae (Faecalibaculum) and Lactobacillaceae (Lactobacillus) and increases Desulfovibrionaceae (Desulfovibrio). Moreover, SS-A2 reduces serum BAs accumulation and promotes fecal BAs excretion. SS-A2 changes the BAs profiles in both liver and serum and specifically increases the taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) level. Faecalibaculum is negatively correlated with serum THDCA. CONCLUSION SS-A2 alleviates steatohepatitis possibly through regulating BAs and gut microbiota in the MCD diet-induced NASH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhongdaixi Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Chuhong Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Junbin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfu Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
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25
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Gut microbiota-microRNA interactions in ankylosing spondylitis. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102827. [PMID: 33864943 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disability that is part of the rheumatic disease group of spondyloarthropathies. AS commonly influences the joints of the axial skeleton. The contributions to AS pathogenesis of genetic susceptibility (particularly HLA-B27 and ERAP-1) and epigenetic modifications, like non-coding RNAs, as well as environmental factors, have been investigated over the last few years. But the fundamental etiology of AS remains elusive to date. The evidence summarized here indicates that in the immunopathogenesis of AS, microRNAs and the gut microbiome perform critical functions. We discuss significant advances in the immunological mechanisms underlying AS and address potential cross-talk between the gut microbiome and host microRNAs. This critical interaction implicates a co-evolutionary symbiotic link between host immunity and the gut microbiome.
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26
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Wang Q, Ding H, Dong G, Xu L, Jiang F, Mao Q. Bi-direction effects between microbiome and MiRNAs in carcinogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1299-1305. [PMID: 33765216 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03567-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence from numerous studies that dysbiosis of the microbiome provokes various immune-mediated diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancers by regulating metabolites, host genetics, environmental elements, and stress. Such reports are yet to define an accurate regulatory network for host-gut microbiome communication. miRNAs have recently emerged as crucial mediators of this communication, as portrayed by their interaction with the host microbiome. This mini-review summarizes the bi-direction effects between miRNA and microbiome and elucidates their role in carcinogenesis. An in-depth understanding of the association of miRNA with host-microbiome could be valuable to improve cancer remission, diagnosis, and treatment, and may help to potential tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaochao Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qixing Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Bile Acids and Microbiota: Multifaceted and Versatile Regulators of the Liver-Gut Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031397. [PMID: 33573273 PMCID: PMC7866539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
After their synthesis from cholesterol in hepatic tissues, bile acids (BAs) are secreted into the intestinal lumen. Most BAs are subsequently re-absorbed in the terminal ileum and are transported back for recycling to the liver. Some of them, however, reach the colon and change their physicochemical properties upon modification by gut bacteria, and vice versa, BAs also shape the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. This mutual interplay of both BAs and gut microbiota regulates many physiological processes, including the lipid, carbohydrate and energy metabolism of the host. Emerging evidence also implies an important role of this enterohepatic BA circuit in shaping mucosal colonization resistance as well as local and distant immune responses, tissue physiology and carcinogenesis. Subsequently, disrupted interactions of gut bacteria and BAs are associated with many disorders as diverse as Clostridioides difficile or Salmonella Typhimurium infection, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, asthma, metabolic syndrome, obesity, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and epilepsy. As we cannot address all of these interesting underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms here, we summarize the current knowledge about the physiologic and pathogenic interplay of local site microbiota and the enterohepatic BA metabolism using a few selected examples of liver and gut diseases.
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28
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Ma C, Guo Y, Klaassen CD. Effect of Gender and Various Diets on Bile Acid Profile and Related Genes in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:62-71. [PMID: 33093018 PMCID: PMC7804885 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is an important factor for many diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that several diets had remarkable effects on bile acid (BA) homeostasis, but no comprehensive information for both genders has been reported. Therefore, the current study characterized the nine most used laboratory animal diets fed to both genders of mice for a comparable evaluation of the topic. The results revealed that marked gender difference of BA homeostasis is ubiquitous in mice fed the various diets, and of the nine diets fed to mice, the atherogenic and calorie-restricted diets had the most marked effects on BA homeostasis, followed by the laboratory chow and essential fatty acid-deficient diets. More specifically, females had higher concentrations of total BAs in serum when fed six of the nine diets compared with male mice, and 26 of the 35 BA-related genes had marked gender difference in mice fed at least one diet. Although mice fed the calorie-restricted and atherogenic diets had increased BA, which was more pronounced in serum than liver, the intestinal farnesoid X nuclear receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 axis changed in the opposite direction and resulted in different hepatic expression patterns of Cyp7a1 Compared with AIN-93M purified diet, higher hepatic expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 was the only alteration in mice fed the laboratory chow diet. The other diets had little or no effect on BA concentrations in the liver and plasma or in the expression of BA-related genes. This study indicates that gender, the atherogenic diet, and the calorie-restricted diet have the most marked effects on BA homeostasis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Previous evidence suggested that various diets have effect on bile acid (BA) homeostasis; however, it is not possible to directly compare these findings, as they are all from different studies. The current study was the first to systematically investigate the influence of the nine most used experimental mouse diets on BA homeostasis and potential mechanism in both genders of mice and indicates that gender, the atherogenic diet, and the calorie-restricted diet have the most marked effects on BA homeostasis, which will aid future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China (C.M., Y.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (C.D.K.)
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China (C.M., Y.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (C.D.K.)
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China (C.M., Y.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (C.D.K.)
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Jennison E, Byrne CD. The role of the gut microbiome and diet in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 27:22-43. [PMID: 33291863 PMCID: PMC7820212 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, with a prevalence that is increasing in parallel with the global rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and multifactorial, involving environmental, genetic and metabolic factors. The role of the diet and the gut microbiome is gaining interest as a significant factor in NAFLD pathogenesis. Dietary factors induce alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome (dysbiosis), commonly reflected by a reduction of the beneficial species and an increase in pathogenic microbiota. Due to the close relationship between the gut and liver, altering the gut microbiome can affect liver functions; promoting hepatic steatosis and inflammation. This review summarises the current evidence supporting an association between NAFLD and the gut microbiome and dietary factors. The review also explores potential underlying mechanisms underpinning these associations and whether manipulation of the gut microbiome is a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Jennison
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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30
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Zhang W, Liu F, Huang J, Guo X, Dong W, Wei S, Li L, Zhu X, Zhou W, Liu H. Effect of menopausal status on the survival and recurrence of sex-classified hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection: a case-matched study with propensity score matching. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25895-25915. [PMID: 33232278 PMCID: PMC7803575 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of menopausal status on the prognosis for sex-classified Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to establish prognostic nomograms for patients after liver resection. RESULTS After propensity score matching (PSM), statistically significant differences in both overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were found between men and women HCC patients. Based on Cox regression analysis, these differences were evident in the normal menstruation (N) group expanded with male patients, but not in either the expanded postmenopausal (P) or intermediate (I) groups. Sex disparity was also apparent in the recurrence-free survival (RFS) of the total HCC patients. Integrated with independent factors, nomograms for the OS and RFS of the expanded N group showed higher C-indices of 0.773 and 0.724, respectively, than those of nomograms for the total patients and BCLC stage (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Sex disparity appears to affect both the survival and recurrence of HCC only in normal menstruation women and their matched men. For predicting survival, prognostic nomograms derived from the expanded N group of HCC patients were more accurate for patients with the same clinical conditions. METHODS The patients (390 females and 1920 males), who underwent curative liver resection for HCC during 2008 to 2012, were screened. The 390 women were divided into three groups: normal menstruation, intermediate, and postmenopausal. To overcome selection bias, the three groups of females were matched with males at a ratio of 1:2, using propensity score matching. Based on further Cox regression analysis, independent factors were integrated into nomograms for OS and RFS by R rms. The accuracy and discrimination of the nomograms were evaluated by the C-index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fuchen Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jian Huang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinggang Guo
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Dong
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuxun Wei
- The First Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University and Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
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31
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Watahiki T, Okada K, Warabi E, Nagaoka T, Suzuki H, Ishige K, Yanagawa T, Takahashi S, Mizokami Y, Tokushige K, Ariizumi SI, Yamamoto M, Shoda J. Gender difference in development of steatohepatitis in p62/Sqstm1 and Nrf2 double-knockout mice. Exp Anim 2020; 69:395-406. [PMID: 32493884 PMCID: PMC7677087 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender and menopause influence the severity and development manner of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Male p62/Sqstm1 and nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (p62 and Nrf2) double-knockout (DKO) mice exhibit severe steatohepatitis caused by hyperphagia-induced obesity, overload of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the liver, and potentiation of the inflammatory response in Kupffer cells. However, the pathogenetic phenotype of steatohepatitis in female DKO mice remains unknown. Phenotypic changes of steatohepatitis in DKO mice were compared in terms of gender differences. Compared with DKO male mice, DKO female mice exhibited later onset of steatohepatitis with obesity after 30 weeks of age, as well as milder severity of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Serum estradiol was higher in female than male mice, with levels increasing up to 30 weeks of age before decreasing until 50 weeks of age (corresponding to the post-menopausal period). Fecal and serum LPS were lower in female mice than male mice, and inflammatory signaling in the liver was attenuated in female compared with male mice. Correlating with LPS levels, the composition of intestinal microbiota in female mice was different from male mice. Gender differences were observed for the development of steatohepatitis in DKO mice. Low-grade inflammatory hit in the liver under in vivo conditions of high estradiol may be attributable to the milder pathological features of steatohepatitis in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Watahiki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okada
- Tsukuba Preventive Medicine Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Nagaoka
- Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- Tsukuba Preventive Medicine Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ishige
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Yanagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Mizokami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tokushige
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ariizumi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Junichi Shoda
- Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Harada N, Minami Y, Hanada K, Hanaoka R, Kobayashi Y, Izawa T, Sato T, Kato S, Inui H, Yamaji R. Relationship between gut environment, feces-to-food ratio, and androgen deficiency-induced metabolic disorders. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1817719. [PMID: 32991827 PMCID: PMC7781658 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1817719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen action generates sex-related differences that include changes in the gut microbiota composition. Hypoandrogenism and hyperandrogenism in males and females, respectively, are associated with the prevalence of metabolic disorders. Our recent work showed that male androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice developed high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent sarcopenic abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis, leading to early death. The ARKO mice also exhibited alterations in intestinal microbiota but did not experience metabolic abnormalities when administered with antibiotics. Here, we show that time-dependent changes in feed efficiency (ratio of body weight gain to food intake) and weight of dried feces-to-food ratio could be good markers for changes in gut microbiota. Turicibacter spp., Lactobacillus spp., and L. reuteri increased in the gut in both HFD-fed ARKO and castrated mice having metabolic abnormalities. HFD-fed ARKO mice showed increased plasma levels of aspartate, but not alanine, aminotransferase. Changes in the gut microbiome appear to provoke androgen deficiency-induced metabolic diseases, leading to early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan,CONTACT Naoki Harada Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka599-8531, Japan
| | - Yukari Minami
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hanada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Hanaoka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iryo Sosei University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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33
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Zhang C, Yang M, Ericsson AC. The Potential Gut Microbiota-Mediated Treatment Options for Liver Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:524205. [PMID: 33163393 PMCID: PMC7591398 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.524205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Surgical and non-surgical treatments are optional for liver cancer therapy based on the cancer stage. Accumulating studies show that the gut–liver axis influences the progression of liver diseases, including liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. However, the role of gut microbiota and their derived components and metabolites in liver cancer remains to be further clarified. In this review, we discuss the roles of gut microbiota and specific bacterial species in HCC and the strategies to modulate gut microbiota to improve antitumor therapy. Given the limitation of current treatments, gut microbiota-mediated therapy is a potential option for HCC treatment, including fiber diet and vegetable diet, antimicrobials, probiotics, and pharmaceutical inhibitors. Also, gut microbiota can be used as a marker for early diagnosis of HCC. HCC occurs dependent on various environmental and genetic factors, including diet and sex. Furthermore, gut microbiota impacts the immunotherapy of HCC treatment. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of the gut–liver axis in liver cancer is critically important to improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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34
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Rattan P, Minacapelli CD, Rustgi V. The Microbiome and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2020; 26:1316-1327. [PMID: 32564483 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is a vast and complex system encompassing all of the microbes and their genes that occupy the environmentally exposed surfaces of the human body. The gut microbiota and its associated microbiome play an integral role in mammalian metabolism and immune tolerance as well as in immunocompetence. Disruptions in the human gut microbiome are associated with a cycle of hepatocyte injury and regeneration characteristic of chronic liver disease. The persistence of this inflammation has been shown to induce the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, the importance and prognostic influence of the gut microbiome on hepatocarcinogenesis has been increasingly studied in recent years. This review discusses the mechanisms by which imbalances in the gut microbiome disturb the gut-liver axis to impact hepatocarcinogenesis, including disruption of the intestinal barrier, changes in bile acid metabolism, and reduction in tumor-suppressing microRNA. Furthermore, this review summarizes recent advances in potential microbiome-based therapeutic opportunities in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puru Rattan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Carlos D Minacapelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Vinod Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
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35
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Zamora-Briseño JA, Cerqueda-García D, Hernández-Velázquez IM, Rivera-Bustamante R, Huchín-Mian JP, Briones-Fourzán P, Lozano-Álvarez E, Rodríguez-Canul R. Alterations in the gut-associated microbiota of juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) infected with PaV1. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 176:107457. [PMID: 32882233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) is currently affected by an unenveloped, icosahedral, DNA virus termed Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1), a virulent and pathogenic virus that produces a long-lasting infection that alters the physiology and behaviour of heavily infected lobsters. Gut-associated microbiota is crucial for lobster homeostasis and well-being, but pathogens could change microbiota composition affecting its function. In PaV1 infection, the changes of gut-associated microbiota are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we used high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology to compare the bacterial microbiota in intestines of healthy and heavily PaV1-infected male and female juveniles of spiny lobsters P. argus captured in Puerto Morelos Reef lagoon, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We found that basal gut-associated microbiota composition showed a sex-dependent bias, with females being enriched in amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) assigned to Sphingomonas, while males were enriched in the genus Candidatus Hepatoplasma and Aliiroseovarius genera. Moreover, the alpha diversity of microbiota decreased in PaV1-infected lobsters. A significant increase of the genus Candidatus Bacilloplasma was observed in infected lobsters, as well as a significant decrease in Nesterenkonia, Caldalkalibacillus, Pseudomonas, Cetobacterium and Phyllobacterium. We also observed an alteration in the abundances of Vibrio species. Results from this study suggest that PaV1 infection impacts intestinal microbiota composition in Panulirus argus in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán CP. 97310, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán CP. 97310, Mexico
| | - Ioreni Margarita Hernández-Velázquez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán CP. 97310, Mexico
| | - Rafael Rivera-Bustamante
- Dirección, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán CP. 97310, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Huchín-Mian
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Patricia Briones-Fourzán
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo 77580, Mexico
| | - Enrique Lozano-Álvarez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo 77580, Mexico
| | - Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán CP. 97310, Mexico.
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Interactions between the MicroRNAs and Microbiota in Cancer Development: Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040805. [PMID: 32230762 PMCID: PMC7225936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is made up of the fungi, bacteria, protozoa and viruses cohabiting within the human body. An altered microbiota can provoke diseases such as cancer. The mechanisms by which a modified microbiota can intervene in the onset and progression of neoplastic diseases are manifold. For instance, these include the effects on the immune system and the onset of obesity. A different mechanism seems to be constituted by the continuous and bidirectional relationships existing between microbiota and miRNAs. MiRNAs emerged as a novel group of small endogenous non-coding RNAs from that control gene expression. Several works seem to confirm the presence of a close connection between microbiota and miRNAs. Although the main literature data concern the correlations between microbiota, miRNAs and colon cancer, several researches have revealed the presence of connections with other types of tumour, including the ovarian tumour, cervical carcinoma, hepatic carcinoma, neoplastic pathologies of the central nervous system and the possible implication of the microbiota-miRNAs system on the response to the treatment of neoplastic pathologies. In this review, we summarise the physiological and pathological functions of the microbiota on cancer onset by governing miRNA production. A better knowledge of the bidirectional relationships existing between microbiota and miRNAs could provide new markers for the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of cancer and seems to be a promising approach for antagomir-guided approaches as therapeutic agents.
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37
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Identification of metabolism-associated pathways and genes involved in male and female liver cancer patients. J Theor Biol 2019; 480:218-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Abu-Toamih Atamni HJ, Kontogianni G, Binenbaum I, Mott R, Himmelbauer H, Lehrach H, Chatziioannou A, Iraqi FA. Hepatic gene expression variations in response to high-fat diet-induced impaired glucose tolerance using RNAseq analysis in collaborative cross mouse population. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:260-275. [PMID: 31650267 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic gene expression is known to differ between healthy and type 2 diabetes conditions. Identifying these variations will provide better knowledge to the development of gene-targeted therapies. The aim of this study is to assess diet-induced hepatic gene expression of susceptible versus resistant CC lines to T2D development. Next-generation RNA-sequencing was performed for 84 livers of diabetic and non-diabetic mice of 41 different CC lines (both sexes) following 12 weeks on high-fat diet (42% fat). Data analysis revealed significant variations of hepatic gene expression in diabetic versus non-diabetic mice with significant sex effect, where 601 genes were differentially expressed (DE) in overall population (males and females), 718 genes in female mice, and 599 genes in male mice. Top prioritized DE candidate genes were Lepr, Ins2, Mb, Ckm, Mrap2, and Ckmt2 for the overall population; for females-only group were Hdc, Serpina12, Socs1, Socs2, and Mb, while for males-only group were Serpine1, Mb, Ren1, Slc4a1, and Atp2a1. Data analysis for sex differences revealed 193 DE genes in health (Top: Lepr, Cav1, Socs2, Abcg2, and Col5a3), and 389 genes DE between diabetic females versus males (Top: Lepr, Clps, Ins2, Cav1, and Mrap2). Furthermore, integrating gene expression results with previously published QTL, we identified significant variants mapped at chromosomes at positions 36-49 Mb, 62-71 Mb, and 79-99 Mb, on chromosomes 9, 11, and 12, respectively. Our findings emphasize the complexity of T2D development and that significantly controlled by host complex genetic factors. As well, we demonstrate the significant sex differences between males and females during health and increasing to extent levels during disease/diabetes. Altogether, opening the venue for further studies targets the discovery of effective sex-specific and personalized preventions and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Abu-Toamih Atamni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G Kontogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - I Binenbaum
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - R Mott
- Department of Genetics, University College of London, London, UK
| | - H Himmelbauer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - H Lehrach
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Chatziioannou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.,e-NIOS Applications PC, 17671, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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39
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He M, Gao J, Wu J, Zhou Y, Fu H, Ke S, Yang H, Chen C, Huang L. Host Gender and Androgen Levels Regulate Gut Bacterial Taxa in Pigs Leading to Sex-Biased Serum Metabolite Profiles. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1359. [PMID: 31275280 PMCID: PMC6591444 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota regulates host metabolism and immunity. The phylogenetic composition of gut microbiota is influenced by diverse factors that include host gender. In this study, the effects of gender on gut microbial composition and its subsequent influence on serum metabolites in pigs were evaluated. The bacterial composition of feces samples was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 293 pure-bred Duroc pigs (108 gilts and 185 entire boars) and 64 validated pigs from an eight-breed mosaic F6 population. Twenty-eight F6 boars were castrated at 80 days of age to evaluate the effects of androgen on gut microbial composition. Untargeted serum metabolite features were determined in 45 boars and 26 gilts by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). The study observed an obvious influence of host gender on the gut microbial composition and identified numerous sex-biased bacterial taxa. These included Veillonellaceae, Roseburia, Bulleidia, and Escherichia which showed the higher abundance in boars, and Treponema and Bacteroides which were over-represented in gilts. Castration significantly shifted the fecal microbiota composition of the boars toward that of gilts. The predicted functional pathways of the gut microbiome related to obesity and energy harvest were enriched in gilts, and positively associated with gilt-enriched bacteria. Functional pathways related to peptidases and carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in boars and positively associated with boar-enriched bacteria. Serum metabolites related to androgen and cresol metabolism were identified as sex-biased metabolites. Correlation analysis between serum metabolites and sex-biased bacteria identified that the serum concentration of androgen-related metabolites was positively correlated with Bulleidia and Escherichia, but negatively associated with Treponema, suggesting a significant interaction between gut microbiota and host sex hormone metabolism. These results offer basic knowledge of how host gender and gut microbiota influence host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhang He
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanlin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Congying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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40
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Antibiotic Exposure Has Sex-Dependent Effects on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolism of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Mice. mSystems 2019; 4:4/4/e00048-19. [PMID: 31164448 PMCID: PMC6550365 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00048-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that the gut microbiota regulates host metabolism by producing a series of metabolites, such as amino acids, bile acids, fatty acids, and others. These metabolites have a positive or negative effect on host health. Antibiotic exposure can disrupt the gut microbiota and thereby affect host metabolism and physiology. However, there are a limited number of studies addressing whether antibiotic effects on the gut microbiota and host metabolism are sex dependent. In this study, we uncovered a sex-dependent difference in antibiotic effects on the gut microbiota and metabolome in colonic contents and tissues in mice. These findings reveal that sex-dependent effects need to be considered for antibiotic use in scientific research or clinical practice. Moreover, this study will also give an important direction for future use of antibiotics to modify the gut microbiome and host metabolism in a sex-specific manner. The gut microbiota has the capability to regulate homeostasis of the host metabolism. Since antibiotic exposure can adversely affect the microbiome, we hypothesized that antibiotic effects on the gut microbiota and host metabolism are sex dependent. In this study, we examined the effects of antibiotic treatments, including vancomycin (Vanc) and ciprofloxacin-metronidazole (CiMe), on the gut microbiome and metabolome in colonic contents and tissues in both male and female mice. We found that the relative abundances and structural composition of Firmicutes were significantly reduced in female mice after both Vanc and CiMe treatments but in male mice only after treatment with Vanc. However, Vanc exposure considerably altered the relative abundances and structural composition of representatives of the Proteobacteria especially in male mice. The levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; acetate, butyrate, and propionate) in colonic contents and tissues were significantly decreased in female mice after both antibiotic treatments, while these reductions were detected in male mice only after Vanc treatment. However, another SCFA, formate, exhibited the opposite tendency in colonic tissues. Both antibiotic exposures significantly decreased the levels of alanine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs; phenylalanine and tyrosine) in colonic contents of female mice but not in male mice. Additionally, female mice had much greater correlations between microbe and metabolite than male mice. These findings suggest that sex-dependent effects should be considered for antibiotic-induced modifications of the gut microbiota and host metabolism. IMPORTANCE Accumulating evidence shows that the gut microbiota regulates host metabolism by producing a series of metabolites, such as amino acids, bile acids, fatty acids, and others. These metabolites have a positive or negative effect on host health. Antibiotic exposure can disrupt the gut microbiota and thereby affect host metabolism and physiology. However, there are a limited number of studies addressing whether antibiotic effects on the gut microbiota and host metabolism are sex dependent. In this study, we uncovered a sex-dependent difference in antibiotic effects on the gut microbiota and metabolome in colonic contents and tissues in mice. These findings reveal that sex-dependent effects need to be considered for antibiotic use in scientific research or clinical practice. Moreover, this study will also give an important direction for future use of antibiotics to modify the gut microbiome and host metabolism in a sex-specific manner.
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41
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Allaband C, McDonald D, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Minich JJ, Tripathi A, Brenner DA, Loomba R, Smarr L, Sandborn WJ, Schnabl B, Dorrestein P, Zarrinpar A, Knight R. Microbiome 101: Studying, Analyzing, and Interpreting Gut Microbiome Data for Clinicians. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:218-230. [PMID: 30240894 PMCID: PMC6391518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in technical capabilities for reading complex human microbiomes are leading to an explosion of microbiome research, leading in turn to intense interest among clinicians in applying these techniques to their patients. In this review, we discuss the content of the human microbiome, including intersubject and intrasubject variability, considerations of study design including important confounding factors, and different methods in the laboratory and on the computer to read the microbiome and its resulting gene products and metabolites. We highlight several common pitfalls for clinicians, including the expectation that an individual's microbiome will be stable, that diet can induce rapid changes that are large compared with the differences among subjects, that everyone has essentially the same core stool microbiome, and that different laboratory and computational methods will yield essentially the same results. We also highlight the current limitations and future promise of these techniques, with the expectation that an understanding of these considerations will help accelerate the path toward routine clinical application of these techniques developed in research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Allaband
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Jeremiah J. Minich
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Anupriya Tripathi
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David A. Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Larry Smarr
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, California Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - William J. Sandborn
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Administration San Diego Health System, La Jolla, California
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Administration San Diego Health System, La Jolla, California
| | - Pieter Dorrestein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Administration San Diego Health System, La Jolla, California
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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42
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Jia N, Lin X, Ma S, Ge S, Mu S, Yang C, Shi S, Gao L, Xu J, Bo T, Zhao J. Amelioration of hepatic steatosis is associated with modulation of gut microbiota and suppression of hepatic miR-34a in Gynostemma pentaphylla (Thunb.) Makino treated mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:86. [PMID: 30555521 PMCID: PMC6282400 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic and progressive liver disease with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. However, so far no specific pharmacotherapy has been approved. Gynostemma pentaphylla (Thunb.) Makino (GP) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used against hyperlipemia as well as hyperglycemia. This study aims to evaluate the effect of GP on NAFLD and explore the possible mechanism. Methods High-fat-diet induced NAFLD mice model were orally administrated with GP at dose of 11.7 g/kg or equivalent volume of distilled water once a day for 16 weeks. Body weight, food intake and energy expenditure were assessed to evaluate the general condition of mice. The triglycerides, total cholesterol content in the liver and liver histopathology, serum lipid profile and serum insulin level, fecal microbiome, hepatic microRNAs and relative target genes were analyzed. Results Mice in GP treatment group displayed improved hepatic triglycerides content with lower lipid droplet in hepatocyte and NAFLD activity score. Besides, GP treatment altered the composition of gut microbiota and the relative abundance of some of the key components that are implicated in metabolic disorders, especially phylum Firmicutes (Eubacterium, Blautia, Clostridium and Lactobacillus). Several hepatic microRNAs were downregulated by GP treatment such as miR-130a, miR-34a, miR-29a, miR-199a, among which the expression miR-34a was altered by more than four-fold compared to that of HFD group (3:14). The correlation analysis showed that miR-34a was strongly related to the change of gut microbiota especially phylum Firmicutes (R = 0.796). Additionally, the target genes of miR-34a (HNF4α, PPARα and PPARα) were restored by GP both in mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion Our results suggested that GP modulated the gut microbiota and suppressed hepatic miR-34a, which was associated with the amelioration of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jia
- 1Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China.,2Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Institute of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021 China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- 6Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324, Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Shizhan Ma
- 2Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Institute of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021 China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Shujian Ge
- 7Department of Scientific Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324, Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Shumin Mu
- 8Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Chongbo Yang
- 2Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Institute of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021 China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Shulong Shi
- 1Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China.,2Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Institute of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021 China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Institute of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021 China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021 China.,5Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324, Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Jin Xu
- 2Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Institute of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021 China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Tao Bo
- 5Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324, Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- 1Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China.,2Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Institute of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021 China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021 China
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Abstract
Discoveries in molecular genetics over the last two decades have broadened our information about the genomics of complex microbial communities. As in all other fields of medicine, there is an undeniable need to explore the microbiome and the way it is impacted by biological sex. A number, although small, of recent studies have demonstrated that women and men have striking differences in the species that constitute their microbiomes. This effects pathological physiology in fields such as hepatology, oncology, autoimmune disease (most notably diabetes mellitus), autism, and obstetrics. There is still an unfortunate lack of research being done on the “microgenderome”: the interaction between microbiota, sex hormones, and the immune system. This review will highlight some of the main areas to be affected by microgenderome physiology, with an in depth focus on obstetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Levy
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Solt
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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Vasco M, Paolillo R, Schiano C, Sommese L, Cuomo O, Napoli C. Compromised nutritional status in patients with end-stage liver disease: Role of gut microbiota. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2018; 17:290-300. [PMID: 30173786 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) have a compromised nutritional status because of the liver crucial role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. DATA SOURCES A systematic review of literature based on extensive relevant articles published from 2001 to 2017 in English in PubMed database was performed by searching keywords such as liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, malnutrition, epigenetics, gut microbiota, and probiotics. RESULTS Liver transplantation would be one eligible therapy for ESLD patients, even if, the clinical outcome is negatively influenced by malnutrition and/or infections. The malnutrition is a condition of nutrient imbalance with a high incidence in ESLD patients. An accurate evaluation of nutritional status could be fundamental for reducing complications and prolonging the survival of ESLD patients including those undergoing liver transplantation. In addition, the interaction among nutrients, diet and genes via epigenetics has emerged as a potential target to reduce the morbidity and mortality in ESLD patients. The malnutrition induces changes in gut microbiota causing dysbiosis with a probable translocation of bacteria and/or pathogen-derived factors from the intestine to the liver. Gut microbiota contribute to the progression of chronic liver diseases as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. The administration of probiotics modulating gut microbiota could improve all chronic liver diseases. CONCLUSIONS This review provides an update on malnutrition status linked to epigenetics and the potential benefit of some probiotics on the management of ESLD patients. In support of this view and to reveal the constant and growing interest in this field, some clinical trials are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vasco
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolillo
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples 80138, Italy
| | | | - Linda Sommese
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples 80138, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples 80138, Italy.
| | - Oreste Cuomo
- Department of Liver Transplant, AORN A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples 80138, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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45
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Elderman M, de Vos P, Faas M. Role of Microbiota in Sexually Dimorphic Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1018. [PMID: 29910797 PMCID: PMC5992421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in peripheral immune responses are well recognized. This is associated with sex differences in many immunological diseases. As the intestinal microbiota is known to influence the immune system, such sex differences in immune responses may be a consequence of sex-specific microbiota. Therefore, this mini-review discusses sex differences in intestinal microbiota and the possible role of microbiota in shaping sexually dimorphic immunity. Sex differences in microbiota composition are clearly found in mice studies and also in human studies. However, the lack of standardization in human studies may mask the sexual dimorphism in microbiota composition in human studies, since many factors such as age, genetic background, BMI, diet, and sex hormones appear to interfere with the sexual dimorphism in microbiota composition. Only a few mice studies found that differences in gut microbiota composition are causative for some aspects of sexually dimorphic immunity. Therefore, future studies should focus on a causal relationship between sexually dimorphic immunity and microbiota, considering the abovementioned interfering confounding factors. This would benefit the development of more sex-specific effective treatment options for immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Elderman
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marijke Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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46
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Abstract
Bile acids facilitate intestinal nutrient absorption and biliary cholesterol secretion to maintain bile acid homeostasis, which is essential for protecting liver and other tissues and cells from cholesterol and bile acid toxicity. Bile acid metabolism is tightly regulated by bile acid synthesis in the liver and bile acid biotransformation in the intestine. Bile acids are endogenous ligands that activate a complex network of nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor and membrane G protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1 to regulate hepatic lipid and glucose metabolic homeostasis and energy metabolism. The gut-to-liver axis plays a critical role in the regulation of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, bile acid pool size, and bile acid composition. Bile acids control gut bacteria overgrowth, and gut bacteria metabolize bile acids to regulate host metabolism. Alteration of bile acid metabolism by high-fat diets, sleep disruption, alcohol, and drugs reshapes gut microbiome and causes dysbiosis, obesity, and metabolic disorders. Gender differences in bile acid metabolism, FXR signaling, and gut microbiota have been linked to higher prevalence of fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in males. Alteration of bile acid homeostasis contributes to cholestatic liver diseases, inflammatory diseases in the digestive system, obesity, and diabetes. Bile acid-activated receptors are potential therapeutic targets for developing drugs to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y. L. Chiang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jessica M. Ferrell
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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47
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Huang R, Li T, Ni J, Bai X, Gao Y, Li Y, Zhang P, Gong Y. Different Sex-Based Responses of Gut Microbiota During the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver-Specific Tsc1-Knockout Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1008. [PMID: 29867896 PMCID: PMC5964185 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial dysbiosis is correlated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, analyzing the changing patterns in gut microbiota during HCC development, especially before HCC occurrence, is essential for the diagnosis and prevention of HCC based on gut microbial composition. However, these changing patterns in HCC are poorly understood, especially considering the sex differences in HCC incidence and mortality. Here, with an aim to determine the relationship between gut microbiota and HCC development in both sexes, and to screen potential microbial biomarkers for HCC diagnosis, we studied the changing patterns in the gut microbiota from mice of both sexes with liver-specific knockout of Tsc1 (LTsc1KO) that spontaneously developed HCC by 9–10 months of age and compared them to the patterns observed in their wide-type Tsc1fl/fl cohorts using high-throughput sequencing. Using the LTsc1KO model, we were able to successfully exclude the continuing influence of diet on the gut microbiota. Based on gut microbial composition, the female LTsc1KO mice exhibited gut microbial disorder earlier than male LTsc1KO mice during the development of HCC. Our findings also indicated that the decrease in the relative abundance of anaerobic bacteria and the increase in the relative abundance of facultative anaerobic bacteria can be used as risk indexes of female HCC, but would be invalid for male HCC. Most of the changes in the gut bacteria were different between female and male LTsc1KO mice. In particular, the increased abundances of Allobaculum, Erysipelotrichaceae, Neisseriaceae, Sutterella, Burkholderiales, and Prevotella species have potential for use as risk indicators of female HCC, and the increased abundances of Paraprevotella, Paraprevotellaceae, and Prevotella can probably be applied as risk indicators of male HCC. These relationships between the gut microbiota and HCC discovered in the present study may serve as a platform for the identification of potential targets for the diagnosis and prevention of HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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48
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The fatty acid profile of the fecal metabolome and its association with colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully evaluated. AIMS We aimed to compare the fecal fatty acid profiles of CRC patients and healthy controls. METHODS We enrolled 26 newly diagnosed CRC patients and 28 healthy individuals between July 2014 and August 2014 from our institute. Long- and short-chain fatty acids were extracted from fecal samples and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Regarding fecal long-chain fatty acids, the levels of total ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and, particularly, of linoleic acid (C18:2ω-6) were significantly higher in male CRC patients than in healthy men (2.750 ± 2.583 vs. 1.254 ± 0.966 µg/mg feces, P = 0.040; 2.670 ± 2.507 vs. 1.226 ± 0.940 µg/mg feces, P = 0.034, respectively). In addition, the levels of total monounsaturated fatty acid and, particularly, of oleic acid (C18:1ω-9) were significantly higher in male CRC patients than in healthy men (1.802 ± 1.331 vs. 0.977 ± 0.625 µg/mg feces, P = 0.027; 1.749 ± 1.320 vs. 0.932 ± 0.626 µg/mg feces, P = 0.011, respectively). However, those differences were not shown in female gender. The level of fecal short-chain fatty acids was not different between CRC patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS There were changes in the profiles of fecal fatty acid metabolomes in CRC patients compared to healthy controls, implying that fecal fatty acids could be used as a novel screening tool for CRC.
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49
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Shen TCD, Pyrsopoulos N, Rustgi VK. Microbiota and the liver. Liver Transpl 2018; 24:539-550. [PMID: 29316191 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome outnumbers the human genome by 150-fold and plays important roles in metabolism, immune system education, tolerance development, and prevention of pathogen colonization. Dysbiosis has been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) as well as cirrhosis and complications. This article provides an overview of this relationship. Liver Transplantation 24 539-550 2018 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Vinod K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ
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50
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Devendran S, Mythen SM, Ridlon JM. The desA and desB genes from Clostridium scindens ATCC 35704 encode steroid-17,20-desmolase. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1005-1014. [PMID: 29572237 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m083949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium scindens is a gut microbe capable of removing the side-chain of cortisol, forming 11β-hydro-xyandrostenedione. A cortisol-inducible operon (desABCD) was previously identified in C. scindens ATCC 35704 by RNA-Seq. The desC gene was shown to encode a cortisol 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSDH). The desD encodes a protein annotated as a member of the major facilitator family, predicted to function as a cortisol transporter. The desA and desB genes are annotated as N-terminal and C-terminal transketolases, respectively. We hypothesized that the DesAB forms a complex and has steroid-17,20-desmolase activity. We cloned the desA and desB genes from C. scindens ATCC 35704 in pETDuet for overexpression in Escherichia coli The purified recombinant DesAB was determined to be a 142 ± 5.4 kDa heterotetramer. We developed an enzyme-linked continuous spectrophotometric assay to quantify steroid-17,20-desmolase. This was achieved by coupling DesAB-dependent formation of 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione with the NADPH-dependent reduction of the steroid 17-keto group by a recombinant 17β-HSDH from the filamentous fungus, Cochliobolus lunatus The pH optimum for the coupled assay was 7.0 and kinetic constants using cortisol as substrate were Km of 4.96 ± 0.57 µM and kcat of 0.87 ± 0.076 min-1 Substrate-specificity studies revealed that rDesAB recognized substrates regardless of 11β-hydroxylation, but had an absolute requirement for 17,21-dihydroxy 20-ketosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Devendran
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Sean M Mythen
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jason M Ridlon
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Computing Genomes for Reproductive Health Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA.
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