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Borges Junior M, Tavares LFJ, Nagata GY, Barroso LSS, Fernandes HB, Souza-Gomes AF, Miranda AS, Nunes-Silva A. Impact of Strength Training Intensity on Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:155-161. [PMID: 37871642 DOI: 10.1055/a-2197-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study employed a randomized crossover design to investigate the effect of strength-training exercise at varying intensities on acute changes in plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Fourteen trained male subjects (41.0±5.8 years old) were enrolled in the current study. The strength-training protocol included bench press, leg press, and lat pull-down exercises. Participants performed four sets with repetition failure at 60% or 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM), with a two-minute rest period. The order of intensity was randomized among volunteers. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and one hour after each exercise protocol. A time-point comparison revealed that a single session of strength training at 60% of 1RM increased lactate plasma concentrations from 1.2 to 16 mmol/L (p<0.0001). However, no significant changes were observed in the plasma BDNF concentration. Conversely, the training session at 80% of 1RM increased lactate concentrations from 1.3 to 14 mmol/L (p<0.0001) and BDNF concentrations from 461 to 1730 pg/ml (p=0.035) one hour after the session's conclusion. These findings support the hypothesis that a single strength-training session at 80% 1RM can significantly enhance circulating levels of BDNF.
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Paolini M, Fortaner-Uyà L, Lorenzi C, Spadini S, Maccario M, Zanardi R, Colombo C, Poletti S, Benedetti F. Association between NTRK2 Polymorphisms, Hippocampal Volumes and Treatment Resistance in Major Depressive Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2037. [PMID: 38002980 PMCID: PMC10671548 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing availability of antidepressant drugs, a high rate of patients with major depression (MDD) does not respond to pharmacological treatments. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling is thought to influence antidepressant efficacy and hippocampal volumes, robust predictors of treatment resistance. We therefore hypothesized the possible role of BDNF and neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (NTRK2)-related polymorphisms in affecting both hippocampal volumes and treatment resistance in MDD. A total of 121 MDD inpatients underwent 3T structural MRI scanning and blood sampling to obtain genotype information. General linear models and binary logistic regressions were employed to test the effect of genetic variations related to BDNF and NTRK2 on bilateral hippocampal volumes and treatment resistance, respectively. Finally, the possible mediating role of hippocampal volumes on the relationship between genetic markers and treatment response was investigated. A significant association between one NTRK2 polymorphism with hippocampal volumes and antidepressant response was found, with significant indirect effects. Our results highlight a possible mechanistic explanation of antidepressant action, possibly contributing to the understanding of MDD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolini
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Fortaner-Uyà
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lorenzi
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Spadini
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Melania Maccario
- Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zanardi
- Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Cheng Y, Chen T, Hu J. Genetic analysis of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neuroinflammation from sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14122. [PMID: 37644077 PMCID: PMC10465546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify hub genes and pathological mechanisms related to neuroinflammation in Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (SCJD) based on comprehensive bioinformatics. SCJD and normal samples were collected from GSE160208. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Limma R package were used to obtain key genes, which were used for enrichment and immune cell infiltration analyses. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, cytoHubba, and machine learning were used to screen the central genes of SCJD. The chemicals related to hub genes were predicted and explored by molecular docking. 88 candidate genes were screened. Enrichment analysis showed they were mainly related to bacterial and viral infection and immune cell activation. Immune cell infiltration analysis suggested that immune cell activation and altered activity of the immune system are involved in the progression of SCJD. After identifying hub genes, KIT and SPP1 had higher diagnostic efficacy for SCJD (AUC > 0.9), so they were identified as central genes. The molecular docking results showed hub genes both docked well with Tretinoin. KIT, SPP1, and Tretinoin are essential in developing neuroinflammation in SCJD and may provide new ideas for diagnosing and treating SCJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Pavlova LE, Timina MF, Agumava AA, Panchenko AV. Genotyping of Macaque Population on the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Polymorphism by Mismatch Amplification Mutation Assay (MAMA)-PCR. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:388-392. [PMID: 37566252 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Human rs6265 (196G>A) polymorphism in the BDNF gene is associated with many clinically significant phenotypic manifestations. Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) has a functionally significant rs309950446 ( 136G>A) polymorphism. To determine this polymorphism in macaques, we used mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA)-PCR method with non-complementary nucleotide to the template chain at the 3rd position from the 3'-end of the allele-specific primers (mismatch primers), which allowed the best discrimination of the alleles. Genotyping of male rhesus monkeys (n=178) and cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) (n=90) was carried out. The A/A, G/G, and G/A genotypes were found in 16, 34, and 50% rhesus macaques, respectively. In the cynomolgus macaques, the mutant polymorphic allele was not detected. The study results allow considering rhesus macaques as a potential biological model for assessment of the gen-environment interaction of the BDNF gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Pavlova
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology, Sochi, Russia.
| | - M F Timina
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology, Sochi, Russia
| | - A A Agumava
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology, Sochi, Russia
| | - A V Panchenko
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology, Sochi, Russia
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5
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Effect of the interaction between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and daily physical activity on mean diffusivity. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:806-820. [PMID: 30617785 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that the Met allele of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphism reduces neural plasticity. A reduction in mean diffusivity (MD) in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) characteristically reflects the neural plasticity that involves increased tissue components. In this study, we revealed that the number of Met-BDNF alleles was negatively associated with MD throughout the whole-brain gray and white matter areas of 743 subjects using DTI and whole-brain multiple regression analyses. Within the same sample, the region of interest analysis revealed that the number of Met-BDNF alleles significantly and positively correlated with the mean FA value in the body of the corpus callosum. In addition, we observed interaction effects between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and daily physical activity levels on MD, but not FA, in significant clusters of the bilateral hemisphere (n = 577 subjects). Post-hoc multiple regression analyses revealed that after correcting for confounding variables, there was a significant negative correlation between the physical activity level and mean MD of the whole brain in the Val/Val group [standardized partial regression coefficient (β) = -0.196, P = 0.005, t = -2.825], but not in the Val/Met (β = 0.050, P = 0.412, t = 0.822) and Met/Met groups (β = 0.092, P = 0.382, t = 0.878). These results underscore the importance of the interaction between physical activity and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, which affects the plasticity of neural mechanisms.
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6
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Jung M, Apostolova LG, Gao S, Burney HN, Lai D, Foroud T, Saykin AJ, Pressler SJ. Testing influences of APOE and BDNF genes and heart failure on cognitive function. Heart Lung 2021; 50:51-58. [PMID: 32703621 PMCID: PMC8809626 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2, ε4 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met alleles have been associated with cognition. Associations of these alleles with cognition in heart failure (HF) and influences of HF across the cognitive spectrum (i.e., cognitively normal to Alzheimer's dementia [AD]) remain unexplored. OBJECTIVES To investigate influences of APOE ε2, ε4, BDNF Met and HF on cognition among participants across the cognitive spectrum. METHODS Genetic association study using national databases (N = 7,166). RESULTS APOE ε2 frequencies were similar across the cognitive spectrum among participants with HF. APOE ε4 frequency was lower among participants with HF and AD than non-HF participants with AD. BDNF Met frequencies did not differ across the spectrum. HF was associated with worse attention and language. In the HF subsample, ε4 was associated with worse memory. CONCLUSION Associations between APOE and cognition may differ in HF but need to be tested in a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyeon Jung
- Assistant Professor, Indiana University School of Nursing, 600 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Professor, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neurology, Radiology, Medical and Molecular Genetics, 355 West 16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Professor, Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Heather N Burney
- Biostatistician, Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Assistant Research Professor, Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical and Molecular Genetics, 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Professor, Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical and Molecular Genetics, 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Professor, Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 355 West 16th street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Susan J Pressler
- Professor, Indiana University School of Nursing, 600 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Casanova R, Saldana S, Lutz MW, Plassman BL, Kuchibhatla M, Hayden KM. Investigating Predictors of Cognitive Decline Using Machine Learning. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:733-742. [PMID: 29718387 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic risks for cognitive decline are not modifiable; however their relative importance compared to modifiable factors is unclear. We used machine learning to evaluate modifiable and genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), to predict cognitive decline. METHODS Health and Retirement Study participants, aged 65-90 years, with DNA and >2 cognitive evaluations, were included (n = 7,142). Predictors included age, body mass index, gender, education, APOE ε4, cardiovascular, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES), and AD risk genes. Latent class trajectory analyses of cognitive scores determined the form and number of classes. Random Forests (RF) classification investigated predictors of cognitive trajectories. Performance metrics (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity) were reported. RESULTS Three classes were identified. Discriminating highest from lowest classes produced the best RF performance: accuracy = 78% (1.0%), sensitivity = 75% (1.0%), and specificity = 81% (1.0%). Top ranked predictors were education, age, gender, stroke, NSES, and diabetes, APOE ε4 carrier status, and body mass index (BMI). When discriminating high from medium classes, top predictors were education, age, gender, stroke, diabetes, NSES, and BMI. When discriminating medium from the low classes, education, NSES, age, diabetes, and stroke were top predictors. DISCUSSION The combination of latent trajectories and RF classification techniques suggested that nongenetic factors contribute more to cognitive decline than genetic factors. Education was the most relevant predictor for discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Santiago Saldana
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brenda L Plassman
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maragatha Kuchibhatla
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kathleen M Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
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Walsh EI, Smith L, Northey J, Rattray B, Cherbuin N. Towards an understanding of the physical activity-BDNF-cognition triumvirate: A review of associations and dosage. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101044. [PMID: 32171785 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has received substantial research attention due to its beneficial impact on cognition in ageing, particularly via the action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It is well established that physical activity can elevate circulating levels of BDNF, and that BDNF has neurotrophic, neuroprotective and cognitively beneficial properties. Yet, practical implementation of this knowledge is limited by a lack of clarity on context and dose-effect. Against a shifting backdrop of gradually diminishing physical and cognitive capacity in normal ageing, the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity required to elicit elevations in BDNF, and more importantly, the magnitude of BDNF elevation required for detectable neuroprotection remains poorly characterised. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the association between physical activity, BDNF, and cognition, with a focus on clarifying the magnitude of these effects in the context of normative ageing. We discuss the implications of the available evidence for the design of physical activity interventions intended to promote healthy cognitive ageing.
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Malykhin NV, Travis S, Fujiwara E, Huang Y, Camicioli R, Olsen F. The associations of the
BDNF
and
APOE
polymorphisms, hippocampal subfield volumes, and episodic memory performance across the lifespan. Hippocampus 2020; 30:1081-1097. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V. Malykhin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Scott Travis
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Esther Fujiwara
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Yushan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | | | - Fraser Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Riparin II ameliorates corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior in mice: Role of antioxidant and neurotrophic mechanisms. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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The Potential Role of Genetic Markers in Talent Identification and Athlete Assessment in Elite Sport. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6030088. [PMID: 30200182 PMCID: PMC6162373 DOI: 10.3390/sports6030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In elite sporting codes, the identification and promotion of future athletes into specialised talent pathways is heavily reliant upon objective physical, technical, and tactical characteristics, in addition to subjective coach assessments. Despite the availability of a plethora of assessments, the dependence on subjective forms of identification remain commonplace in most sporting codes. More recently, genetic markers, including several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been correlated with enhanced aerobic capacity, strength, and an overall increase in athletic ability. In this review, we discuss the effects of a number of candidate genes on athletic performance, across single-skilled and multifaceted sporting codes, and propose additional markers for the identification of motor skill acquisition and learning. While displaying some inconsistencies, both the ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms appear to be more prevalent in strength and endurance sporting teams, and have been found to correlate to physical assessments. More recently, a number of polymorphisms reportedly correlating to athlete performance have gained attention, however inconsistent research design and varying sports make it difficult to ascertain the relevance to the wider sporting population. In elucidating the role of genetic markers in athleticism, existing talent identification protocols may significantly improve—and ultimately enable—targeted resourcing in junior talent pathways.
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12
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Balkaya M, Cho S. Genetics of stroke recovery: BDNF val66met polymorphism in stroke recovery and its interaction with aging. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 126:36-46. [PMID: 30118755 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke leads to long term sensory, motor and cognitive impairments. Most patients experience some degree of spontaneous recovery which is mostly incomplete and varying greatly among individuals. The variation in recovery outcomes has been attributed to numerous factors including lesion size, corticospinal tract integrity, age, gender and race. It is well accepted that genetics play a crucial role in stroke incidence and accumulating evidence suggests that it is also a significant determinant in recovery. Among the number of genes and variations implicated in stroke recovery the val66met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the BDNF gene influences post-stroke plasticity in the most significant ways. Val66met is the most well characterized BDNF SNP and is common (40-50 % in Asian and 25-32% in Caucasian populations) in humans. It reduces activity-dependent BDNF release, dampens cortical plasticity and is implicated in numerous diseases. Earlier studies on the effects of val66met on stroke outcome and recovery presented primarily a maladaptive role. Novel findings however indicate a much more intricate interaction between val66met and stroke recovery which appears to be influenced by lesion location, post-stroke stage and age. This review will focus on the role of BDNF and val66met SNP in relation to stroke recovery and try to identify potential pathophysiologic mechanisms involved. The effects of age on val66met associated alterations in plasticity and potential consequences in terms of stroke are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Balkaya
- Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine at Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Sunghee Cho
- Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine at Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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13
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Nees F, Witt SH, Flor H. Neurogenetic Approaches to Stress and Fear in Humans as Pathophysiological Mechanisms for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:810-820. [PMID: 29454655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, genetic variation associated with brain responses related to acute and chronic stress reactivity and fear learning in humans is presented as an important mechanism underlying posttraumatic stress disorder. We report that genes related to the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, as well as genes that modulate serotonergic, dopaminergic, and neuropeptidergic functions or plasticity, play a role in this context. The strong overlap of the genetic targets involved in stress and fear learning suggests that a dimensional and mechanistic model of the development of posttraumatic stress disorder based on these constructs is promising. Genome-wide genetic analyses on fear and stress mechanisms are scarce. So far, reliable replication is still lacking for most of the molecular genetic findings, and the proportion of explained variance is rather small. Further analysis of neurogenetic stress and fear learning needs to integrate data from animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
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14
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de Araujo CM, Zugman A, Swardfager W, Belangero SIN, Ota VK, Spindola LM, Hakonarson H, Pellegrino R, Gadelha A, Salum GA, Pan PM, de Moura LM, Del Aquilla M, Picon FA, Amaro E, Sato JR, Brietzke E, Grassi-Oliveira R, Rohde LAP, Miguel EC, Bressan RA, Jackowski AP. Effects of the brain-derived neurotropic factor variant Val66Met on cortical structure in late childhood and early adolescence. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 98:51-58. [PMID: 29288952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) has been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders and regional structural brain changes in adults, but little is known about Val66Met's effect on brain morphology during typical or atypical neurodevelopment. Windows of vulnerability to psychopathology may be associated with the different alleles of the Val66Met polymorphism during childhood and adolescence. METHODOLOGY We investigated the effect of Val66Met on cortical thickness in MRI scans of 718 children and adolescents (6-12 years old) with typical development, and in those meeting DSM criteria for a psychiatric disorder. RESULTS Val66Met had a significant effect on cortical thickness. Considering the typically developing group, Met-carriers presented thicker parietal and occipital lobes and prefrontal cortices compared to Val homozygotes. Met-carriers with psychiatric disorders presented thicker medial and lateral temporal cortices than Val homozygotes. Furthermore, a significant genotype × psychiatric diagnosis interaction was found: Met-carriers with a psychiatric diagnosis presented thinner bilateral prefrontal cortices than Val homozygotes. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that Val66Met is associated with cortical maturation in children and adolescents with and without psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Maria de Araujo
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Andre Zugman
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sintia Iole Nogueira Belangero
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Maria Spindola
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Renata Pellegrino
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ary Gadelha
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Del Aquilla
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Almeida Picon
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- Institute of Radiology (INRAD), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Mathematics & Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto P Rohde
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Euripedes Constantino Miguel
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department & Institute of Psychiatry (IPq), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Parolin Jackowski
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Kennedy G, Hardman RJ, Macpherson H, Scholey AB, Pipingas A. How Does Exercise Reduce the Rate of Age-Associated Cognitive Decline? A Review of Potential Mechanisms. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:1-18. [PMID: 27636853 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rate of age-associated cognitive decline varies considerably between individuals. It is important, both on a societal and individual level, to investigate factors that underlie these differences in order to identify those which might realistically slow cognitive decline. Physical activity is one such factor with substantial support in the literature. Regular exercise can positively influence cognitive ability, reduce the rate of cognitive aging, and even reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. However, while there is substantial evidence in the extant literature for the effect of exercise on cognition, the processes that mediate this relationship are less clear. This review examines cardiovascular health, production of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin sensitivity, stress, and inflammation as potential pathways, via which exercise may maintain or improve cognitive functioning, and may be particularly pertinent in the context of the aging brain. A greater understanding of these mechanisms and their potential relationships with exercise and cognition will be invaluable in providing biomarkers for investigating the efficacy of differing exercise regimes on cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Kennedy
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roy J Hardman
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew B Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Liu PZ, Nusslock R. Exercise-Mediated Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus via BDNF. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:52. [PMID: 29467613 PMCID: PMC5808288 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is known to have numerous neuroprotective and cognitive benefits, especially pertaining to memory and learning related processes. One potential link connecting them is exercise-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis, in which new neurons are generated and incorporated into hippocampal circuits. The present review synthesizes the extant literature detailing the relationship between exercise and hippocampal neurogenesis, and identifies a key molecule mediating this process, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). As a member of the neurotrophin family, BDNF regulates many of the processes within neurogenesis, such as differentiation and survival. Although much more is known about the direct role that exercise and BDNF have on hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents, their corresponding cognitive benefits in humans will also be discussed. Specifically, what is known about exercise-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis will be presented as it relates to BDNF to highlight the critical role that it plays. Due to the inaccessibility of the human brain, much less is known about the role BDNF plays in human hippocampal neurogenesis. Limitations and future areas of research with regards to human neurogenesis will thus be discussed, including indirect measures of neurogenesis and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the BDNF gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Z. Liu
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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17
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Miller JK, McDougall S, Thomas S, Wiener J. The Impact of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene on Trauma and Spatial Processing. J Clin Med 2017; 6:E108. [PMID: 29186896 PMCID: PMC5742797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of genes and the environment on the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) continues to motivate neuropsychological research, with one consistent focus being the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) gene, given its impact on the integrity of the hippocampal memory system. Research into human navigation also considers the BDNF gene in relation to hippocampal dependent spatial processing. This speculative paper brings together trauma and spatial processing for the first time and presents exploratory research into their interactions with BDNF. We propose that quantifying the impact of BDNF on trauma and spatial processing is critical and may well explain individual differences in clinical trauma treatment outcomes and in navigation performance. Research has already shown that the BDNF gene influences PTSD severity and prevalence as well as navigation behaviour. However, more data are required to demonstrate the precise hippocampal dependent processing mechanisms behind these influences in different populations and environmental conditions. This paper provides insight from recent studies and calls for further research into the relationship between allocentric processing, trauma processing and BDNF. We argue that research into these neural mechanisms could transform PTSD clinical practice and professional support for individuals in trauma-exposing occupations such as emergency response, law enforcement and the military.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Miller
- Faculty of Human, Social & Political Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.
| | - Siné McDougall
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Clinical Research Unit, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Jan Wiener
- Department of Psychology, Ageing and Dementia Research Centre, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
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18
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Hayes JP, Reagan A, Logue MW, Hayes SM, Sadeh N, Miller DR, Verfaellie M, Wolf EJ, McGlinchey RE, Milberg WP, Stone A, Schichman SA, Miller MW. BDNF genotype is associated with hippocampal volume in mild traumatic brain injury. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:107-117. [PMID: 28755387 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The negative long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have been a growing concern in recent years, with accumulating evidence suggesting that mTBI combined with additional vulnerability factors may induce neurodegenerative-type changes in the brain. However, the factors instantiating risk for neurodegenerative disease following mTBI are unknown. This study examined the link between mTBI and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype, which has previously been shown to regulate processes involved in neurodegeneration including synaptic plasticity and facilitation of neural survival through its expression. Specifically, we examined nine BDNF single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs908867, rs11030094, rs6265, rs10501087, rs1157659, rs1491850, rs11030107, rs7127507 and rs12273363) previously associated with brain atrophy or memory deficits in mTBI. Participants were 165 white, non-Hispanic Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans between the ages of 19 and 58, 110 of whom had at least one mTBI in their lifetime. Results showed that the BDNF SNP rs1157659 interacted with mTBI to predict hippocampal volume. Furthermore, exploratory analysis of functional resting state data showed that rs1157659 minor allele homozygotes with a history of mTBI had reduced functional connectivity in the default mode network compared to major allele homozygotes and heterozygotes. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) was not a significant predictor of hippocampal volume or functional connectivity. These results suggest that rs1157659 minor allele homozygotes may be at greater risk for neurodegeneration after exposure to mTBI and provide further evidence for a potential role for BDNF in regulating neural processes following mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hayes
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Reagan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S M Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Sadeh
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - D R Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Verfaellie
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R E McGlinchey
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W P Milberg
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S A Schichman
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Kim D, Chung S, Lee SH, Choi SY, Kim SM, Koo J, Lee JH, Jahng JW. Decreased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor and impaired cognitive function by hypoglossal nerve transection in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3752-3760. [PMID: 28767193 PMCID: PMC5706565 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoglossal nerve controls tongue movements, and damages of it result in difficulty in mastication and food intake. Mastication has been reported to maintain hippocampus‐dependent cognitive function. This study was conducted to examine the effect of tongue motor loss on the hippocampus‐dependent cognitive function and its underlying mechanism. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to the initial training of Morris water maze task before or after the bilateral transection of hypoglossal nerves (Hx). When the initial training was given before the surgery, the target quadrant dwelling time during the probe test performed at a week after the surgery was significantly reduced in Hx rats relative to sham‐operated controls. When the initial training was given after the surgery, Hx affected the initial and reversal trainings and probe tests. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, cell numbers and long‐term potentiation (LTP) were examined in the hippocampus on the 10th day, and BrdU and doublecortin staining on the 14th day, after the surgery. Hx decreased the hippocampal BDNF and cells in the CA1/CA3 regions and impaired LTP. BrdU and doublecortin staining was decreased in the dentate gyrus of Hx rats. Results suggest that tongue motor loss impairs hippocampus‐dependent cognitive function, and decreased BDNF expression in the hippocampus may be implicated in its underlying molecular mechanism in relation with decreased neurogenesis/proliferation and impaired LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Dae Gu, Korea
| | - Sena Chung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soung-Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - JaeHyung Koo
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Dae Gu, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jahng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Bettio LEB, Rajendran L, Gil-Mohapel J. The effects of aging in the hippocampus and cognitive decline. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 79:66-86. [PMID: 28476525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that is associated with cognitive decline as well as functional and social impairments. One structure of particular interest when considering aging and cognitive decline is the hippocampus, a brain region known to play an important role in learning and memory consolidation as well as in affective behaviours and mood regulation, and where both functional and structural plasticity (e.g., neurogenesis) occur well into adulthood. Neurobiological alterations seen in the aging hippocampus including increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, altered intracellular signalling and gene expression, as well as reduced neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, are thought to be associated with age-related cognitive decline. Non-invasive strategies such as caloric restriction, physical exercise, and environmental enrichment have been shown to counteract many of the age-induced alterations in hippocampal signalling, structure, and function. Thus, such approaches may have therapeutic value in counteracting the deleterious effects of aging and protecting the brain against age-associated neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E B Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Luckshi Rajendran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; UBC Island Medical program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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21
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Pence BD, Bhattacharya TK, Park P, Rytych JL, Allen JM, Sun Y, McCusker RH, Kelley KW, Johnson RW, Rhodes JS, Woods JA. Dose-dependent decrease in mortality with no cognitive or muscle function improvements due to dietary EGCG supplementation in aged mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:495-502. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a diet containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and beta-alanine is not effective in improving either cognitive or muscle function in aged (18 month) mice (Gibbons et al., Behav. Brain Res., 2014, 272:131–140; Pence et al., Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab., 2016, 41(2): 181–190). However, this diet reduced oxidative stress in the brain, and previous studies using longer term interventions and other doses have documented beneficial effects in cognitive and muscle function, especially with EGCG. Here we hypothesized that a different dose of EGCG or longer feeding period would be more efficacious in improving cognition. Aged (21–25 mo) Balb/cByJ male mice underwent 63 days of feeding with EGCG at 0, 0.091, or 3.67 mg/g AIN-93M diet and were then subjected to a battery of cognitive and muscle function tests. EGCG feeding at either of the 2 doses did not alter preference for novel versus familiar arm in the Y-maze test (p = 0.29) and did not affect learning in the active avoidance test (p = 0.76). Similarly, EGCG did not affect preference for novel versus familiar mice in a social discrimination test (p = 0.17). Likewise, there was no effect of EGCG on muscle function by grip strength (p = 0.16), rotarod (p = 0.18), or treadmill test to exhaustion (p = 0.25). EGCG reduced mortality in a dose-dependent fashion (p = 0.05, log-rank test for trend), with 91% of high EGCG, 72% of low EGCG, and 55% of control mice surviving to the end of the study. In conclusion, EGCG improves survival in aged mice but does not affect cognitive or muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandt D. Pence
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tushar K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Pul Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Rytych
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jacob M. Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Robert H. McCusker
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Keith W. Kelley
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justin S. Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Woods
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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22
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Jiang R, Babyak MA, Brummett BH, Siegler IC, Kuhn CM, Williams RB. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism interacts with gender to influence cortisol responses to mental stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 79:13-19. [PMID: 28249185 PMCID: PMC5367970 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism has been associated with cortisol responses to stress with gender differences reported, although the findings are not entirely consistent. To evaluate the role of Val66Met genotype and gender on cortisol responses to stress, we conducted a 45-min mental stress protocol including four tasks and four rest periods. Blood cortisol was collected for assay immediately before and after each task and rest period. A significant two-way interaction of Val66Met genotype×gender (P=0.022) was observed on the total area under the curve (AUC), a total cortisol response over time, such that the Val/Val genotype was associated with a larger cortisol response to stress as compared to the Met group in women but not in men. Further contrast analyses between the Val/Val and Met group for each stress task showed a similar increased cortisol pattern among women Val/Val genotype but not among men. The present findings indicate the gender differences in the effect of Val66Met genotype on the cortisol responses to stress protocol, and extend the evidence for the importance of gender and the role of Val66Met in the modulation of stress reactivity and subsequent depression prevalence. Further studies and the underlying mechanism need to be investigated, which may provide an insight for prevention, intervention, and treatment strategies that target those at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Michael A Babyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Beverly H Brummett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ilene C Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia M Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Redford B Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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23
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Boschen KE, Klintsova AY. Neurotrophins in the Brain: Interaction With Alcohol Exposure During Development. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:197-242. [PMID: 28215296 PMCID: PMC5997461 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a result of the teratogenic effects of alcohol on the developing fetus. Decades of research examining both individuals with FASDs and animal models of developmental alcohol exposure have revealed the devastating effects of alcohol on brain structure, function, behavior, and cognition. Neurotrophic factors have an important role in guiding normal brain development and cellular plasticity in the adult brain. This chapter reviews the current literature showing that alcohol exposure during the developmental period impacts neurotrophin production and proposes avenues through which alcohol exposure and neurotrophin action might interact. These areas of overlap include formation of long-term potentiation, oxidative stress processes, neuroinflammation, apoptosis and cell loss, hippocampal adult neurogenesis, dendritic morphology and spine density, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, and behaviors related to spatial memory, anxiety, and depression. Finally, we discuss how neurotrophins have the potential to act in a compensatory manner as neuroprotective molecules that can combat the deleterious effects of in utero alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Boschen
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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24
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Graves AR, Moore SJ, Spruston N, Tryba AK, Kaczorowski CC. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor differentially modulates excitability of two classes of hippocampal output neurons. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:466-71. [PMID: 27146982 PMCID: PMC4978785 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00186.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that BDNF mediates acute and long-lasting changes in intrinsic neuronal excitability in two classes of subicular pyramidal neurons (EB and LB neurons). Although BDNF plays similar roles in the induction of synaptic plasticity in these two cell types, it differentially and bidirectionally affects intrinsic excitability and burst plasticity in EB and LB neurons. These cell type-specific effects represent new avenues by which BDNF can influence the well-established information storage function of the hippocampus. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Canonically, this has been ascribed to an enhancing effect on neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity in the CA1 region. However, it is the pyramidal neurons in the subiculum that form the primary efferent pathways conveying hippocampal information to other areas of the brain, and yet the effect of BDNF on these neurons has remained unexplored. We present new data that BDNF regulates neuronal excitability and cellular plasticity in a much more complex manner than previously suggested. Subicular pyramidal neurons can be divided into two major classes, which have different electrophysiological and morphological properties, different requirements for the induction of plasticity, and different extrahippocampal projections. We found that BDNF increases excitability in one class of subicular pyramidal neurons yet decreases excitability in the other class. Furthermore, while endogenous BDNF was necessary for the induction of synaptic plasticity in both cell types, BDNF enhanced intrinsic plasticity in one class of pyramidal neurons yet suppressed intrinsic plasticity in the other. Taken together, these data suggest a novel role for BDNF signaling, as it appears to dynamically and bidirectionally regulate the output of hippocampal information to different regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Graves
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia
| | - S J Moore
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - N Spruston
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia
| | - A K Tryba
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - C C Kaczorowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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25
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Klimov E. The Role of BDNF Gene Polymorphism in Formation of Clinical Characteristics of Migraine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2016.04.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Papenberg G, Lindenberger U, Bäckman L. Aging-related magnification of genetic effects on cognitive and brain integrity. Trends Cogn Sci 2015; 19:506-14. [PMID: 26187033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heritability studies document substantial genetic influences on cognitive performance and decline in old age. Increasing evidence shows that effects of genetic variations on cognition, brain structure, and brain function become stronger as people age. Disproportionate impairments are typically observed for older individuals carrying disadvantageous genotypes of different candidate genes. These data support the resource-modulation hypothesis, which states that genetic effects are magnified in persons with constrained neural resources, such as older adults. However, given that findings are not unequivocal, we discuss the need to address several factors that may resolve inconsistencies in the extant literature (gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, study populations, gene-environment correlations, and epigenetic mechanisms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Abstract
With ever-increasing elder population, the high incidence of age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders has turned out to be a huge public concern. Especially the elders and their families dreadfully suffer from the learning, behavioral and cognitive impairments. The lack of effective therapies for such a horrible symptom makes a great demanding for biological mechanism study for cognitive aging. Epigenetics is an emerging field that broadens the dimensions of mammalian genome blueprint. It is, unlike genetics, not only inheritable but also reversible. Recent studies suggest that DNA methylation, one of major epigenetic mechanisms, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerations and cognitive defects. In this review, the evolving knowledge of age-related cognitive functions and the potential DNA methylation mechanism of cognitive aging are discussed. That indicates the impairment of DNA methylation may be a crucial but reversible mechanism of behavioral and cognitive related neurodegeneration. The methods to examine the dynamics of DNA methylation patterns at tissue and single cell level and at the representative scale as well as the whole genome single base resolution are also briefly discussed. Importantly, the challenges of DNA methylation mechanism of cognitive aging research are brought up, and the possible solutions to tackle these difficulties are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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28
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Weaver SM, Portelli JN, Chau A, Cristofori I, Moretti L, Grafman J. Genetic polymorphisms and traumatic brain injury: the contribution of individual differences to recovery. Brain Imaging Behav 2015; 8:420-34. [PMID: 22878895 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-012-9197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is variable, even for patients with similar severity of brain injury. Recent research has highlighted the contribution that genetic predisposition plays in determining TBI outcome. This review considers the potential for genetic polymorphisms to influence recovery of cognitive and social processes following TBI. Limitations and considerations that researchers should make when assessing the potential impact of polymorphisms on TBI outcome are also discussed. Understanding the genetic factors that support neuroplasticity will contribute to an understanding of the variation in outcome following injury and help to identify potential targets for rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Starla M Weaver
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Kessler Foundation Research Center, 1199 Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ, 07052, USA,
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29
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Genetics and Functional Imaging: Effects of APOE, BDNF, COMT, and KIBRA in Aging. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:47-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Lamb YN, McKay NS, Thompson CS, Hamm JP, Waldie KE, Kirk IJ. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism, human memory, and synaptic neuroplasticity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2014; 6:97-108. [PMID: 26263066 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Some people have much better memory than others, and there is compelling evidence that a considerable proportion of this variation in memory ability is genetically inherited. A form of synaptic plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) is the principal candidate mechanism underlying memory formation in neural circuits, and it might be expected, therefore, that a genetic influence on the degree of LTP might in turn influence memory abilities. Of the genetic variations thought to significantly influence mnemonic ability in humans, the most likely to have its effect via LTP is a single nucleotide polymorphism affecting brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF (Val66Met)]. However, although it is likely that BDNF influences memory via a modulation of acute plasticity (i.e., LTP), BDNF also has considerable influence on structural development of neural systems. Thus, the influence of BDNF (Val66Met) on mnemonic performance via influences of brain structure as well as function must also be considered. In this brief review, we will describe the phenomenon of LTP and its study in non-human animals. We will discuss the relatively recent attempts to translate this work to studies in humans. We will describe how this has enabled investigation of the effect of the BDNF polymorphism on LTP, on brain structure, and on memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette N Lamb
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole S McKay
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jeffrey P Hamm
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Waldie
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian J Kirk
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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31
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Gibbons TE, Pence BD, Petr G, Ossyra JM, Mach HC, Bhattacharya TK, Perez S, Martin SA, McCusker RH, Kelley KW, Rhodes JS, Johnson RW, Woods JA. Voluntary wheel running, but not a diet containing (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and β-alanine, improves learning, memory and hippocampal neurogenesis in aged mice. Behav Brain Res 2014; 272:131-40. [PMID: 25004447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with impaired learning and memory accompanied by reductions in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and brain expression of neurotrophic factors among other processes. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG, a green tea catechin), β-alanine (β-ala, the precursor of carnosine), and exercise have independently been shown to be neuroprotective and to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the central nervous system. We hypothesized that EGCG, β-ala supplementation or exercise alone would improve learning and memory and increase neurogenesis in aged mice, and the combined intervention would be better than either treatment alone. Male Balb/cByJ mice (19 months) were given AIN-93M diet with or without EGCG (182mg/kg/d) and β-ala (417mg/kg/d). Half of the mice were given access to a running wheel (VWR). The first 10 days, animals received 50mg/kg bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) daily. After 28 days, learning and memory was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) and contextual fear conditioning (CFC). Brains were collected for immunohistochemical detection of BrdU and quantitative mRNA expression in the hippocampus. VWR increased the number of BrdU cells in the dentate gyrus, increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, decreased expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, and improved performance in the MWM and CFC tests. The dietary intervention reduced brain oxidative stress as measured by 4-hydroxynonenal in the cerebellum, but had no effect on BrdU labeling or behavioral performance. These results suggest that exercise, but not a diet containing EGCG and β-ala, exhibit pro-cognitive effects in aged mice when given at these doses in this relatively short time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha E Gibbons
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brandt D Pence
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Geraldine Petr
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jessica M Ossyra
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Houston C Mach
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tushar K Bhattacharya
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Samuel Perez
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A Martin
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Robert H McCusker
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Keith W Kelley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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32
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Phillips C, Baktir MA, Srivatsan M, Salehi A. Neuroprotective effects of physical activity on the brain: a closer look at trophic factor signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:170. [PMID: 24999318 PMCID: PMC4064707 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the relationship between increased physical activity and cognitive ability has been conjectured for centuries, only recently have the mechanisms underlying this relationship began to emerge. Convergent evidence suggests that physical activity offers an affordable and effective method to improve cognitive function in all ages, particularly the elderly who are most vulnerable to neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to improving cardiac and immune function, physical activity alters trophic factor signaling and, in turn, neuronal function and structure in areas critical for cognition. Sustained exercise plays a role in modulating anti-inflammatory effects and may play a role in preserving cognitive function in aging and neuropathological conditions. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that myokines released by exercising muscles affect the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor synthesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, a finding that could lead to the identification of new and therapeutically important mediating factors. Given the growing number of individuals with cognitive impairments worldwide, a better understanding of how these factors contribute to cognition is imperative, and constitutes an important first step toward developing non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies to improve cognition in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristy Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, Arkansas State University Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Mehmet Akif Baktir
- Department of Physiology, Erciyes University Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Malathi Srivatsan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Ahmad Salehi
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Soltész F, Suckling J, Lawrence P, Tait R, Ooi C, Bentley G, Dodds CM, Miller SR, Wille DR, Byrne M, McHugh SM, Bellgrove MA, Croft RJ, Lu B, Bullmore ET, Nathan PJ. Identification of BDNF sensitive electrophysiological markers of synaptic activity and their structural correlates in healthy subjects using a genetic approach utilizing the functional BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95558. [PMID: 24760076 PMCID: PMC3997566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that synaptic dysfunction is a core pathophysiological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is key synaptogenic molecule and targeting synaptic repair through modulation of BDNF signalling has been suggested as a potential drug discovery strategy. The development of such "synaptogenic" therapies depend on the availability of BDNF sensitive markers of synaptic function that could be utilized as biomarkers for examining target engagement or drug efficacy in humans. Here we have utilized the BDNF Val66Met genetic polymorphism to examine the effect of the polymorphism and genetic load (i.e. Met allele load) on electrophysiological (EEG) markers of synaptic activity and their structural (MRI) correlates. Sixty healthy adults were prospectively recruited into the three genetic groups (Val/Val, Val/Met, Met/Met). Subjects also underwent fMRI, tDCS/TMS, and cognitive assessments as part of a larger study. Overall, some of the EEG markers of synaptic activity and brain structure measured with MRI were the most sensitive markers of the polymorphism. Met carriers showed decreased oscillatory activity and synchrony in the neural network subserving error-processing, as measured during a flanker task (ERN); and showed increased slow-wave activity during resting. There was no evidence for a Met load effect on the EEG measures and the polymorphism had no effects on MMN and P300. Met carriers also showed reduced grey matter volume in the anterior cingulate and in the (left) prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, anterior cingulate grey matter volume, and oscillatory EEG power during the flanker task predicted subsequent behavioural adaptation, indicating a BDNF dependent link between brain structure, function and behaviour associated with error processing and monitoring. These findings suggest that EEG markers such as ERN and resting EEG could be used as BDNF sensitive functional markers in early clinical development to examine target engagement or drug related efficacy of synaptic repair therapies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Soltész
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Suckling
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Lawrence
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Tait
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cinly Ooi
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Bentley
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chris M. Dodds
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sam R. Miller
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Wille
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Misha Byrne
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon M. McHugh
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Bellgrove
- School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Croft
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bai Lu
- Tsinghua University Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pradeep J. Nathan
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- New Medicines, UCB Pharma, Brussels, Belgium
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Harrisberger F, Spalek K, Smieskova R, Schmidt A, Coynel D, Milnik A, Fastenrath M, Freytag V, Gschwind L, Walter A, Vogel T, Bendfeldt K, de Quervain DJF, Papassotiropoulos A, Borgwardt S. The association of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and the hippocampal volumes in healthy humans: a joint meta-analysis of published and new data. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42:267-78. [PMID: 24674929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism (refSNP Cluster Report: rs6265) is a common and functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The gene itself, as well as the SNP rs6265, have been implicated in hippocampal learning and memory. However, imaging genetic studies have produced controversial results about the impact of this SNP on hippocampal volumes in healthy subjects. METHODS We examined the association between the rs6265 polymorphism and hippocampal volume in 643 healthy young subjects using automatic segmentation and subsequently included these data in a meta-analysis based on published studies with 5298 healthy subjects in total. RESULTS We found no significant association between SNP rs6265 and hippocampal volumes in our sample (g=0.05, p=0.58). The meta-analysis revealed a small, albeit significant difference in hippocampal volumes between genotype groups, such that Met-carriers had slightly smaller hippocampal volumes than Val/Val homozygotes (g=0.09, p=0.04), an association that was only evident when manual (g=0.22, p=0.01) but not automatic tracing approaches (g=0.04, p=0.38) were used. Studies using manual tracing showed evidence for publication bias and a significant decrease in effect size over the years with increasing sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS This study does not support the association between SNP rs6265 and hippocampal volume in healthy individuals. The weakly significant effect observed in the meta-analysis is mainly driven by studies with small sample sizes. In contrast, our original data and the meta-analysis of automatically segmented hippocampal volumes, which was based on studies with large samples sizes, revealed no significant genotype effect. Thus, meta-analyses of the association between rs6265 and hippocampal volumes should consider possible biases related to measuring technique and sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Harrisberger
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Medical Image Analysis Center, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Spalek
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Smieskova
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Medical Image Analysis Center, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Schmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Medical Image Analysis Center, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Coynel
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Milnik
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Fastenrath
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - V Freytag
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Gschwind
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Walter
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Vogel
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Bendfeldt
- University Hospital Basel, Medical Image Analysis Center, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D J-F de Quervain
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Papassotiropoulos
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department Biozentrum, Life Science Training Facility, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Borgwardt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Medical Image Analysis Center, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park 16, SE5 8AF London, UK.
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Golimbet VE, Alfimova MV, Korovaitseva GI, Lezheiko TV. Modulating effect of Val66Met polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene on clinical and psychological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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36
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Miller JK, Wiener JM. PTSD recovery, spatial processing, and the val66met polymorphism. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:100. [PMID: 24616687 PMCID: PMC3935252 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan M Wiener
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University Dorset, UK
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37
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Faria R, Sartori C, Canova F, Ferrari E. Classical aversive conditioning induces increased expression of mature-BDNF in the hippocampus and amygdala of pigeons. Neuroscience 2013; 255:122-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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BDNF-based synaptic repair as a disease-modifying strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci 2013; 14:401-16. [PMID: 23674053 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that synaptic dysfunction is a key pathophysiological hallmark in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in synaptic plasticity and synaptogenesis, the impact of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease-relevant endophenotypes - including episodic memory and hippocampal volume - and the technological progress in measuring synaptic changes in humans all pave the way for a 'synaptic repair' therapy for neurodegenerative diseases that targets pathophysiology rather than pathogenesis. This article reviews the key issues in translating BDNF biology into synaptic repair therapies.
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