1
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Álvarez P, Bellosillo B, Colom F, Longarón R, Barrera-Conde M, Fernández-Ibarrondo L, Toll A, Ginés JM, de la Torre R, Pérez-Solá V, Robledo P. Y-chromosome in the olfactory neuroepithelium as a potential biomarker of depression in women with male offspring: an exploratory study. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1451-1455. [PMID: 37440120 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of fetal cells in the mother (fetal microchimerism (FMc)) has been described in maternal tissues essential to the newborn. FMc is associated with several diseases that start or worsen in pregnancy or postpartum. This exploratory study reports-for the first time-the presence of FMc in the olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) of both healthy and depressed women with male offspring. However, depressed women had fewer microchimeric cells (digital PCR). The existence of FMc in the ON could facilitate mother-child bonding. These findings open new pathways to study FMc in the ON, female depression, and mother-child bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Álvarez
- Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- MAR Health Park Consortium, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Bellosillo
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Colom
- Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- MAR Health Park Consortium, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Longarón
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Barrera-Conde
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lierni Fernández-Ibarrondo
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Toll
- Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- MAR Health Park Consortium, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rafael de la Torre
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez-Solá
- Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- MAR Health Park Consortium, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Dines M, Kes M, Ailán D, Cetkovich-Bakmas M, Born C, Grunze H. Bipolar disorders and schizophrenia: discrete disorders? Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1352250. [PMID: 38745778 PMCID: PMC11091416 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With similarities in heritability, neurobiology and symptomatology, the question has been raised whether schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are truly distinctive disorders or belong to a continuum. This narrative review summarizes common and distinctive findings from genetics, neuroimaging, cognition and clinical course that may help to solve this ethiopathogenetic puzzle. Methods The authors conducted a literature search for papers listed in PubMed and Google Scholar, using the search terms "schizophrenia" and "bipolar disorder" combined with different terms such as "genes", "neuroimaging studies", "phenomenology differences", "cognition", "epidemiology". Articles were considered for inclusion if they were written in English or Spanish, published as full articles, if they compared subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, or subjects with either disorder with healthy controls, addressing differences between groups. Results Several findings support the hypothesis that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are discrete disorders, yet some overlapping of findings exists. The evidence for heritability of both SZ and BD is obvious, as well as the environmental impact on individual manifestations of both disorders. Neuroimaging studies support subtle differences between disorders, it appears to be rather a pattern of irregularities than an unequivocally unique finding distinguishing schizophrenia from bipolar disorder. The cognitive profile displays differences between disorders in certain domains, such as premorbid intellectual functioning and executive functions. Finally, the timing and trajectory of cognitive impairment in both disorders also differs. Conclusion The question whether SZ and BD belong to a continuum or are separate disorders remains a challenge for further research. Currently, our research tools may be not precise enough to carve out distinctive, unique and undisputable differences between SZ and BD, but current evidence favors separate disorders. Given that differences are subtle, a way to overcome diagnostic uncertainties in the future could be the application of artificial intelligence based on BigData. Limitations Despite the detailed search, this article is not a full and complete review of all available studies on the topic. The search and selection of papers was also limited to articles in English and Spanish. Selection of papers and conclusions may be biased by the personal view and clinical experience of the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Dines
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Fundación INECO - Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Kes
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Fundación INECO - Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Delfina Ailán
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Fundación INECO - Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Cetkovich-Bakmas
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Fundación INECO - Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christoph Born
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatrie Schwäbisch Hall, Ringstraße, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Grunze
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatrie Schwäbisch Hall, Ringstraße, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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3
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Davalos-Guzman AP, Vegas-Rodriguez FJ, Ramirez-Rodriguez GB, Flores-Ramos M, Romero-Luevano PV, Gonzalez-Olvera JJ, Saracco-Alvarez RA. Human olfactory neural progenitor cells reveal differences in IL-6, IL-8, thrombospondin-1, and MCP-1 in major depression disorder and borderline personality disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1283406. [PMID: 38654728 PMCID: PMC11035822 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1283406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Discovering biological markers is essential for understanding and treating mental disorders. Despite the limitations of current non-invasive methods, neural progenitor cells from the olfactory epithelium (hNPCs-OE) have been emphasized as potential biomarker sources. This study measured soluble factors in these cells in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and healthy controls (HC). Methods We assessed thirty-five participants divided into MDD (n=14), BPD (n=14), and HC (n=7). MDD was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. BPD was evaluated using the DSM-5 criteria and the Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders. We isolated hNPCs-OE, collected intracellular proteins and conditioned medium, and quantified markers and soluble factors, including Interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and others. Analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test and linear regression. Results We found that hNPCs-OE of MDD and BPD decreased Sox2 and laminin receptor-67 kDa levels. MASH-1 decreased in BPD, while tubulin beta-III decreased in MDD compared to controls and BPD. Also, we found significant differences in IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and thrombospondin-1 levels between controls and MDD, or BPD, but not between MDD and BPD. Conclusions Altered protein markers are evident in the nhNPCs-OE in MDD and BPD patients. These cells also secrete higher concentrations of inflammatory cytokines than HC cells. The results suggest the potential utility of hNPCs-OE as an in vitro model for researching biological protein markers in psychiatric disorders. However, more extensive validation studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness and specificity in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Patrick Davalos-Guzman
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Vegas-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Bernabe Ramirez-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Monica Flores-Ramos
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Perla Vanessa Romero-Luevano
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Julio Gonzalez-Olvera
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Arturo Saracco-Alvarez
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Stepanova OV, Fursa GA, Karsuntseva EK, Andretsova SS, Chadin AV, Voronova AD, Shishkina VS, Semkina AS, Reshetov IV, Chekhonin VP. Features of Remyelination after Transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells with Neurotrophic Factors into Spinal Cord Cysts. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:666-671. [PMID: 38727956 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This paper shows for the first time that co-transplantation of human olfactory ensheathing cells with neurotrophin-3 into spinal cord cysts is more effective for activation of remyelination than transplantation of cells with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and a combination of these two factors. The studied neurotrophic factors do not affect proliferation and migration of ensheathing cells in vitro. It can be concluded that the maximum improvement of motor function in rats receiving ensheathing cells with neurotrophin-3 is largely determined by activation of remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Stepanova
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- E. I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - G A Fursa
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E K Karsuntseva
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S S Andretsova
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Chadin
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A D Voronova
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V S Shishkina
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Semkina
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Reshetov
- University Clinical Hospital, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Chekhonin
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Bellon A. Comparing stem cells, transdifferentiation and brain organoids as tools for psychiatric research. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 38418498 PMCID: PMC10901833 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The inaccessibility of neurons coming directly from patients has hindered our understanding of mental illnesses at the cellular level. To overcome this obstacle, six different cellular approaches that carry the genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disorders are currently available: Olfactory Neuroepithelial Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Pluripotent Monocytes, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Induced Neuronal cells and more recently Brain Organoids. Here we contrast advantages and disadvantages of each of these six cell-based methodologies. Neuronal-like cells derived from pluripotent monocytes are presented in more detail as this technique was recently used in psychiatry for the first time. Among the parameters used for comparison are; accessibility, need for reprograming, time to deliver differentiated cells, differentiation efficiency, reproducibility of results and cost. We provide a timeline on the discovery of these cell-based methodologies, but, our main goal is to assist researchers selecting which cellular approach is best suited for any given project. This manuscript also aims to help readers better interpret results from the published literature. With this goal in mind, we end our work with a discussion about the differences and similarities between cell-based techniques and postmortem research, the only currently available tools that allow the study of mental illness in neurons or neuronal-like cells coming directly from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Bellon
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey, PA, USA.
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6
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Yang K, Ayala-Grosso C, Bhattarai JP, Sheriff A, Takahashi T, Cristino AS, Zelano C, Ma M. Unraveling the Link between Olfactory Deficits and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7501-7510. [PMID: 37940584 PMCID: PMC10634556 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1380-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Smell loss has caught public attention during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Research on olfactory function in health and disease gains new momentum. Smell deficits have long been recognized as an early clinical sign associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we review research on the associations between olfactory deficits and neuropathological conditions, focusing on recent progress in four areas: (1) human clinical studies of the correlations between smell deficits and neuropsychiatric disorders; (2) development of olfactory mucosa-derived tissue and cell models for studying the molecular pathologic mechanisms; (3) recent findings in brain imaging studies of structural and functional connectivity changes in olfactory pathways in neuropsychiatric disorders; and (4) application of preclinical animal models to validate and extend the findings from human subjects. Together, these studies have provided strong evidence of the link between the olfactory system and neuropsychiatric disorders, highlighting the relevance of deepening our understanding of the role of the olfactory system in pathophysiological processes. Following the lead of studies reviewed here, future research in this field may open the door to the early detection of neuropsychiatric disorders, personalized treatment approaches, and potential therapeutic interventions through nasal administration techniques, such as nasal brush or nasal spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Carlos Ayala-Grosso
- Unit of Cellular Therapy, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela
- Unit of Advanced Therapies, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, Bogotá, Colombia 111-611
| | - Janardhan P Bhattarai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Andrew Sheriff
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Alexandre S Cristino
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Christina Zelano
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Minghong Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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7
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Pandamooz S, Salehi MS, Jurek B, Meinung CP, Azarpira N, Dianatpour M, Neumann ID. Oxytocin Receptor Expression in Hair Follicle Stem Cells: A Promising Model for Biological and Therapeutic Discovery in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2510-2524. [PMID: 37548806 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The intricate nature of the human brain and the limitations of existing model systems to study molecular and cellular causes of neuropsychiatric disorders represent a major challenge for basic research. The promising progress in patient-derived stem cell technology and in our knowledge on the role of the brain oxytocin (OXT) system in health and disease offer new possibilities in that direction. In this study, the rat hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) were isolated and expanded in vitro. The expression of oxytocin receptors (OXTR) was evaluated in these cells. The cellular viability was assessed 12 h post stimulation with OXT. The activation of OXTR-coupled intracellular signaling cascades, following OXT treatment was determined. Also, the influence of OXT on neurite outgrowth and cytoskeletal rearrangement were defined. The assessment of OXTR protein expression revealed this receptor is expressed abundantly in HFSCs. As evidenced by the cell viability assay, no adverse or cytotoxic effects were detected following 12 h treatment with different concentrations of OXT. Moreover, OXTR stimulation by OXT resulted in ERK1/2, CREB, and eEF2 activation, neurite length alterations, and cytoskeletal rearrangements that reveal the functionality of this receptor in HFSCs. Here, we introduced the rat HFSCs as an easy-to-obtain stem cell model that express functional OXTR. This cell-based model can contribute to our understanding of the progression and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders with oxytocinergic system deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Department of Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Department of Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Carl-Philipp Meinung
- Department of Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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8
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Unzueta-Larrinaga P, Barrena-Barbadillo R, Ibarra-Lecue I, Horrillo I, Villate A, Recio M, Meana JJ, Diez-Alarcia R, Mentxaka O, Segarra R, Etxebarria N, Callado LF, Urigüen L. Isolation and Differentiation of Neurons and Glial Cells from Olfactory Epithelium in Living Subjects. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4472-4487. [PMID: 37118325 PMCID: PMC10293402 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The study of psychiatric and neurological diseases requires the substrate in which the disorders occur, that is, the nervous tissue. Currently, several types of human bio-specimens are being used for research, including postmortem brains, cerebrospinal fluid, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and induced neuronal (iN) cells. However, these samples are far from providing a useful predictive, diagnostic, or prognostic biomarker. The olfactory epithelium is a region close to the brain that has received increased interest as a research tool for the study of brain mechanisms in complex neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. The olfactory sensory neurons are replaced by neurogenesis throughout adult life from stem cells on the basement membrane. These stem cells are multipotent and can be propagated in neurospheres, proliferated in vitro and differentiated into multiple cell types including neurons and glia. For all these reasons, olfactory epithelium provides a unique resource for investigating neuronal molecular markers of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. Here, we describe the isolation and culture of human differentiated neurons and glial cells from olfactory epithelium of living subjects by an easy and non-invasive exfoliation method that may serve as a useful tool for the research in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Unzueta-Larrinaga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Rocío Barrena-Barbadillo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Nursery, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Inés Ibarra-Lecue
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Igor Horrillo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Villate
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- PiE-UPV/EHU, Plentzia, ItsasEstazioa, Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Maria Recio
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - J Javier Meana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Diez-Alarcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oihane Mentxaka
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Rafael Segarra
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- PiE-UPV/EHU, Plentzia, ItsasEstazioa, Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Luis F Callado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leyre Urigüen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Role of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in psychosis and the modulatory effects of cannabinoids. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105942. [PMID: 36473591 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a serine/threonine kinase that has emerged as a key regulator of neurotransmission in complex cognitive processes. Its expression is altered in treated schizophrenia patients, and cannabinoids modulate CDK5 levels in the brain of rodents. However, the role of this kinase, and its interaction with cannabis use in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients is still not known. Hence, we studied the expression changes of CDK5 and its signaling partner, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) in olfactory neuroepithelial (ON) cells of FEP patients with (FEP/c) and without (FEP/nc) prior cannabis use, and in a dual-hit mouse model of psychosis. In this model, adolescent mice were exposed to the cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist (CB1R) WIN-55,212-2 (WIN: 1 mg/kg) during 21 days, and to the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) blocker phencyclidine (PCP: 10 mg/kg) during 10 days. FEP/c showed less social functioning deficits, lower CDK5 and higher PSD95 levels than FEP/nc. These changes correlated with social skills, but not cognitive deficits. Consistently, exposure of ON cells from FEP/nc patients to WIN in vitro reduced CDK5 levels. Convergent results were obtained in mice, where PCP by itself induced more sociability deficits, and PSD95/CDK5 alterations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus than exposure to PCP-WIN. In addition, central blockade of CDK5 activity with roscovitine in PCP-treated mice restored both sociability impairments and PSD95 levels. We provide translational evidence that increased CDK5 could be an early indicator of psychosis associated with social deficits, and that this biomarker is modulated by prior cannabis use.
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10
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Estrada-Reyes R, Quero-Chávez DB, Alarcón-Elizalde S, Cercós MG, Trueta C, Constantino-Jonapa LA, Oikawa-Sala J, Argueta J, Cruz-Garduño R, Dubocovich ML, Benítez-King GA. Antidepressant Low Doses of Ketamine and Melatonin in Combination Produce Additive Neurogenesis in Human Olfactory Neuronal Precursors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175650. [PMID: 36080418 PMCID: PMC9458007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL), an indolamine with diverse functions in the brain, has been shown to produce antidepressant-like effects, presumably through stimulating neurogenesis. We recently showed that the combination of MEL with ketamine (KET), an NMDA receptor antagonist, has robust antidepressant-like effects in mice, at doses that, by themselves, are non-effective and have no adverse effects. Here, we show that the KET/MEL combination increases neurogenesis in a clone derived from human olfactory neuronal precursors, a translational pre-clinical model for effects in the human CNS. Neurogenesis was assessed by the formation of cell clusters > 50 µm in diameter, positively stained for nestin, doublecortin, BrdU and Ki67, markers of progenitor cells, neurogenesis, and proliferation. FGF, EGF and BDNF growth factors increased the number of cell clusters in cultured, cloned ONPs. Similarly, KET or MEL increased the number of clusters in a dose-dependent manner. The KET/MEL combination further increased the formation of clusters, with a maximal effect obtained after a triple administration schedule. Our results show that the combination of KET/MEL, at subeffective doses that do not produce adverse effects, stimulate neurogenesis in human neuronal precursors. Moreover, the mechanism by which the combination elicits neurogenesis is meditated by melatonin receptors, CaM Kinase II and CaM antagonism. This could have clinical advantages for the fast treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Estrada-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Daniel B. Quero-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Salvador Alarcón-Elizalde
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Montserrat G. Cercós
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Citlali Trueta
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Constantino-Jonapa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Julián Oikawa-Sala
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Jesús Argueta
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Cruz-Garduño
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Margarita L. Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Gloria A. Benítez-King
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-5541605097
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11
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Neurotrophin-3 Enhances the Effectiveness of Cell Therapy in Chronic Spinal Cord Injuries. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:114-118. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Guekht AB, Kryukov AI, Kazakova AA, Akzhigitov RG, Gulyaeva NV, Druzhkova TA. [Olfactory disorders as a multidisciplinary problem]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:32-38. [PMID: 36537628 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212212132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is a serious symptom that requires careful differential diagnosis. The article presents convincing evidence that dysosmia is not only a symptom of rinological pathology, but also a manifestation of various neurodegenerative diseases. Some patients with SARS-CoV-2 have neurological symptoms. Modern studies show that olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are significant symptoms in the clinical presentation of the COVID-19 infection. The importance of olfactory diagnostics in relatives of patients with hereditary neurodegenerative diseases for the purpose of early detection of pathology is noted. We consider the possibility of introducing new methods for the diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction, which is a promising task both in the field of neurology and otorhinolaryngology, in order to prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases at an early stage, improve the quality of life and social adaptation of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Guekht
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Kryukov
- Sverzhevskiy Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kazakova
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - R G Akzhigitov
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Gulyaeva
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Druzhkova
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Sabaie H, Mazaheri Moghaddam M, Mazaheri Moghaddam M, Amirinejad N, Asadi MR, Daneshmandpour Y, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Rezazadeh M. Long non-coding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA axes in the olfactory epithelium in schizophrenia: a bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24497. [PMID: 34969953 PMCID: PMC8718521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ), as a serious mental illness, is unknown. The significance of genetics in SCZ pathophysiology is yet unknown, and newly identified mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene transcription may be helpful in determining how these changes affect SCZ development and progression. In the current work, we used a bioinformatics approach to describe the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-associated competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) samples in order to better understand the molecular regulatory processes implicated in SCZ disorders in living individuals. The Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to obtain the OE microarray dataset (GSE73129) from SCZ sufferers and control subjects, which contained information about both lncRNAs and mRNAs. The limma package of R software was used to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). RNA interaction pairs were discovered using the Human MicroRNA Disease Database, DIANA-LncBase, and miRTarBase databases. In this study, the Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to find positive correlations between DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs in the ceRNA network. Eventually, lncRNA-associated ceRNA axes were developed based on co-expression relations and DElncRNA-miRNA-DEmRNA interactions. This work found six potential DElncRNA-miRNA-DEmRNA loops in SCZ pathogenesis, including, SNTG2-AS1/hsa-miR-7-5p/SLC7A5, FLG-AS1/hsa-miR-34a-5p/FOSL1, LINC00960/hsa-miR-34a-5p/FOSL1, AQP4-AS1/hsa-miR-335-5p/FMN2, SOX2-OT/hsa-miR-24-3p/NOS3, and CASC2/hsa-miR-24-3p/NOS3. According to the findings, ceRNAs in OE might be promising research targets for studying SCZ molecular mechanisms. This could be a great opportunity to examine different aspects of neurodevelopment that may have been hampered early in SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Sabaie
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Madiheh Mazaheri Moghaddam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nazanin Amirinejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Daneshmandpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Stepanova OV, Voronova AD, Sosnovtseva AO, Stepanenko AA, Chadin AV, Karsuntseva EK, Fursa GA, Valikhov MP, Semkina AS, Vorobyev PO, Reshetov IV, Chekhonin VP. Study of the Therapeutic Efficiency of Transduced Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Spinal Cord Cysts. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 31:9-17. [PMID: 34847755 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic spinal cord cysts are difficult to treat with medication and surgery. Gene-cell therapy is a promising area of treatment for such patients. However, optimal gene-cell construct for this therapy has not been developed. We investigated the therapeutic efficiency of human olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transduced by adenoviral vector encoding the mature form of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) in spinal cord cysts. The adenoviral vectors Ad5/35-CAG-mBDNF and Ad5/35-CAG-Fluc were constructed. Spinal cysts were modeled in female Wistar rats. We selected animals at the early and intermediate stages of recovery with scores to 13 according to the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. The efficiency of therapy was evaluated by BBB tests. No cytotoxicity was detected using the Resazurin/AlamarBlue assay for both vectors at multiplicity of infection (MOIs) of 1, 5, and 25. There was an increase in the proliferation of cells treated with Ad5/35-CAG-mBDNF at MOIs of 5 and 25. The hind limb mobility after the transplantation of Ad5/35-CAG-mBDNF- and Ad5/35-CAG-Fluc-transduced human OECs and nontransduced OECs had approximately the same tendency to improve. Cyst reduction was observed with the transplantation of all the samples. Although Ad5/35-CAG-mBDNF-transduced OECs had high BDNF expression levels in vitro, these cells lacked positive effect in vivo because they did not exhibit significant effect concerning functional test when comparing the groups that received the same numbers of OECs. The therapeutic efficiency of transduced OECs appears to be due to the cell component. The autological and tissue-specific human OECs are promising for the personalized cell therapy. It is extremely important to test new gene-cell constructs based on these cells for further clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Stepanova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurohumoral and Immunological Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Voronova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia O Sosnovtseva
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei A Stepanenko
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Chadin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Grigorii A Fursa
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat P Valikhov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurohumoral and Immunological Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alevtina S Semkina
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel O Vorobyev
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V Reshetov
- Department of Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Miah M, Ferretti P, Choi D. Considering the Cellular Composition of Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplants for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: A Review of the Literature. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:781489. [PMID: 34867207 PMCID: PMC8635789 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.781489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are specialized glia cells of the olfactory system that support the continual regeneration of olfactory neurons throughout adulthood. Owing to their pro-regenerative properties, OECs have been transplanted in animal models of spinal cord injuries (SCI) and trialed in clinical studies on SCI patients. Although these studies have provided convincing evidence to support the continued development of OEC transplantation as a treatment option for the repair of SCI, discrepancies in the reported outcome has shown that OEC transplantation requires further improvement. Much of the variability in the reparative potential of OEC transplants is due to the variations in the cell composition of transplants between studies. As a result, the optimal cell preparation is currently a subject of debate. Here we review, the characterization as well as the effect of the cell composition of olfactory cell transplantation on therapeutic outcome in SCI. Firstly, we summarize and review the cell composition of olfactory cell preparations across the different species studied prior to transplantation. Since the purity of cells in olfactory transplants might affect the study outcome we also examine the effect of the proportions of OECs and the different cell types identified in the transplant on neuroregeneration. Finally, we consider the effect of the yield of cells on neuroregeneration by assessing the cell dose of transplants on therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahjabeen Miah
- Spinal Repair Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrizia Ferretti
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Choi
- Spinal Repair Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Expression Analysis of Ermin and Listerin E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1 Genes in the Periphery of Patients with Schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:246-254. [PMID: 34676516 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with an unknown etiology. Recent researches indicate that correct myelination and translational regulation play a role in the pathogeny of SCZ. This study evaluated the expression pattern of Ermin (ERMN) and Listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (LTN1) genes, which play a role in myelination and ribosome quality control, respectively. The expression of the ERMN and LTN1 genes in the peripheral blood (PB) of 50 SCZ patients (male/female: 22/28, age (mean ± standard deviation (SD)): 35.9 ± 5.6) and 50 matched healthy controls (male/female: 23/27, age (mean ± SD): 34.7 ± 5.4) were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, we used a bioinformatics approach based on microarray dataset analysis to examine the expression of these two genes in olfactory epithelium (OE) specimens. The expression of ERMN demonstrated no significant differences in PB samples among SCZ patients and healthy controls (adjusted P-value = 0.101). The expression of LTN1 was significantly higher in PB samples obtained from female patients compared with sex-matched controls (posterior beta = 1.734, adjusted P-value < 0.0001). Significant correlations were found between expression of the mentioned genes in PB samples both among SCZ patients and among healthy controls (r = 0.485, P < 0.001 and r = 0.516, P < 0.001, respectively). According to our in silico findings, the ERMN expression levels in OE samples of SCZ were statistically higher than those in controls (log2FC = 1.93, adj.P.Val = 9.66E-15). On the contrary, LTN1 expression levels in OE samples were statistically lower in SCZ cases versus controls (log2FC = - 0.77, adj.P.Val = 2.14E-06). Besides, a significant correlation was found between the expression of the mentioned genes in OE samples (r = - 0.60, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the present study is the first evidence to highlight the expression of the ERMN and LTN1 genes in the periphery of SCZ patients. Our findings may provide light on the SCZ's pathogeny.
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Optimization of Neurite Tracing and Further Characterization of Human Monocyte-Derived-Neuronal-like Cells. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111372. [PMID: 34827371 PMCID: PMC8615477 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in neuronal structure are consistently associated with neurodevelopmental illnesses such as autism and schizophrenia. Nonetheless, the inability to access neurons from clinical patients has limited the study of early neurostructural changes directly in patients’ cells. This obstacle has been circumvented by differentiating stem cells into neurons, although the most used methodologies are time consuming. Therefore, we recently developed a relatively rapid (~20 days) protocol for transdifferentiating human circulating monocytes into neuronal-like cells. These monocyte-derived-neuronal-like cells (MDNCs) express several genes and proteins considered neuronal markers, such as MAP-2 and PSD-95. In addition, these cells conduct electrical activity. We have also previously shown that the structure of MDNCs is comparable with that of human developing neurons (HDNs) after 5 days in culture. Moreover, the neurostructure of MDNCs responds similarly to that of HDNs when exposed to colchicine and dopamine. In this manuscript, we expanded our characterization of MDNCs to include the expression of 12 neuronal genes, including tau. Following, we compared three different tracing approaches (two semi-automated and one automated) that enable tracing using photographs of live cells. This comparison is imperative for determining which neurite tracing method is more efficient in extracting neurostructural data from MDNCs and thus allowing researchers to take advantage of the faster yield provided by these neuronal-like cells. Surprisingly, it was one of the semi-automated methods that was the fastest, consisting of tracing only the longest primary and the longest secondary neurite. This tracing technique also detected more structural deficits. The only automated method tested, Volocity, detected MDNCs but failed to trace the entire neuritic length. Other advantages and disadvantages of the three tracing approaches are also presented and discussed.
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The Microvillar and Solitary Chemosensory Cells as the Novel Targets of Infection of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian Golden Hamsters. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081653. [PMID: 34452517 PMCID: PMC8402700 DOI: 10.3390/v13081653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, suffer from respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms. Among these symptoms, the loss of smell has attracted considerable attention. The objectives of this study were to determine which cells are infected, what happens in the olfactory system after viral infection, and how these pathologic changes contribute to olfactory loss. For this purpose, Syrian golden hamsters were used. First, we verified the olfactory structures in the nasal cavity of Syrian golden hamsters, namely the main olfactory epithelium, the vomeronasal organ, and their cellular components. Second, we found angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression, a receptor protein of SARS-CoV-2, in both structures and infections of supporting, microvillar, and solitary chemosensory cells. Third, we observed pathological changes in the infected epithelium, including reduced thickness of the mucus layer, detached epithelia, indistinct layers of epithelia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and apoptotic cells in the overall layers. We concluded that a structurally and functionally altered microenvironment influences olfactory function. We observed the regeneration of the damaged epithelium, and found multilayers of basal cells, indicating that they were activated and proliferating to reconstitute the injured epithelium.
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In Vitro Evaluation of Nasal Aerosol Depositions: An Insight for Direct Nose to Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071079. [PMID: 34371770 PMCID: PMC8309016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal cavity is an attractive route for both local and systemic drug delivery and holds great potential for access to the brain via the olfactory region, an area where the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is effectively absent. However, the olfactory region is located at the roof of the nasal cavity and only represents ~5–7% of the epithelial surface area, presenting significant challenges for the deposition of drug molecules for nose to brain drug delivery (NTBDD). Aerosolized particles have the potential to be directed to the olfactory region, but their specific deposition within this area is confounded by a complex combination of factors, which include the properties of the formulation, the delivery device and how it is used, and differences in inter-patient physiology. In this review, an in-depth examination of these different factors is provided in relation to both in vitro and in vivo studies and how advances in the fabrication of nasal cast models and analysis of aerosol deposition can be utilized to predict in vivo outcomes more accurately. The challenges faced in assessing the nasal deposition of aerosolized particles within the paediatric population are specifically considered, representing an unmet need for nasal and NTBDD to treat CNS disorders.
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Characterisation of Neurospheres-Derived Cells from Human Olfactory Epithelium. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071690. [PMID: 34359860 PMCID: PMC8307784 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A major problem in psychiatric research is a deficit of relevant cell material of neuronal origin, especially in large quantities from living individuals. One of the promising options is cells from the olfactory neuroepithelium, which contains neuronal progenitors that ensure the regeneration of olfactory receptors. These cells are easy to obtain with nasal biopsies and it is possible to grow and cultivate them in vitro. In this work, we used RNAseq expression profiling and immunofluorescence microscopy to characterise neurospheres-derived cells (NDC), that simply and reliably grow from neurospheres (NS) obtained from nasal biopsies. We utilized differential expression analysis to explore the molecular changes that occur during transition from NS to NDC. We found that processes associated with neuronal and vascular cells are downregulated in NDC. A comparison with public transcriptomes revealed a depletion of neuronal and glial components in NDC. We also discovered that NDC have several metabolic features specific to neuronal progenitors treated with the fungicide maneb. Thus, while NDC retain some neuronal/glial identity, additional protocol alterations are needed to use NDC for mass sample collection in psychiatric research.
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21
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Unterholzner J, Millischer V, Wotawa C, Sawa A, Lanzenberger R. Making Sense of Patient-Derived iPSCs, Transdifferentiated Neurons, Olfactory Neuronal Cells, and Cerebral Organoids as Models for Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:759-775. [PMID: 34216465 PMCID: PMC8538891 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of experimental models for disorders requires a constant approximation towards the dysregulated tissue. In psychiatry, where an impairment of neuronal structure and function is assumed to play a major role in disease mechanisms and symptom development, this approximation is an ongoing process implicating various fields. These include genetic, animal, and post-mortem studies. To test hypotheses generated through these studies, in vitro models using non-neuronal cells such as fibroblasts and lymphocytes have been developed. For brain network disorders, cells with neuronal signatures would, however, represent a more adequate tissue. Considering the limited accessibility of brain tissue, research has thus turned towards neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells as well as directly induced neurons, cerebral organoids, and olfactory neuroepithelium. Regarding the increasing importance and amount of research using these neuronal cells, this review aims to provide an overview of all these models to make sense of the current literature. The development of each model system and its use as a model for the various psychiatric disorder categories will be laid out. Also, advantages and limitations of each model will be discussed, including a reflection on implications and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Unterholzner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Wotawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Biomedical Engineering and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Correspondence: Prof. Rupert Lanzenberger, MD, PD, NEUROIMAGING LABS (NIL) - PET, MRI, EEG, TMS & Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria ()
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22
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Li ST, Young TH, Huang TW. Regeneration of olfactory neuroepithelium in 3-methylindole-induced anosmic rats treated with intranasal chitosan. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120738. [PMID: 33711565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction significantly impairs the life quality of patients but without effective treatments to date. The previous report has demonstrated that chitosan mediates the differentiation of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) through insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 axis in an in vitro model. However, whether chitosan can further treat olfactory dysfunction in vivo remains unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of chitosan on a 3-methylindole-induced anosmic rat model. Intraperitoneal injection of 3-methylindole is performed to induce anosmia in rats. Experimental results demonstrate that the food-finding duration after chitosan treatment gradually decrease to around 80 s, and both the olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) thickness and mature ORNs (expressing olfactory marker protein) are significantly restored. Furthermore, proliferating cells (expressing bromodeoxyuridine) are mainly co-expressed with immature ORNs (expressing βIII tubulin) below the intermediate layer of the ON in the chitosan-treated group on day 28 following 3-methylindole treatment. Conversely, proliferating cells are scattered over the ON, and co-localized with immature ORNs and sustentacular cells (expressing keratin 18) in the sham group, and even immature ORNs go into apoptosis (expressing DNA fragmentation and cleaved caspase-3), possibly causing incomplete regeneration. Consequently, chitosan regenerates the ON by regulating olfactory neural homeostasis and reducing ORN apoptosis, and serves as a potential therapeutic intervention for olfactory dysfunction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tien Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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23
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Barrera-Conde M, Ausin K, Lachén-Montes M, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Galindo L, Cuenca-Royo A, Fernández-Avilés C, Pérez V, de la Torre R, Santamaría E, Robledo P. Cannabis Use Induces Distinctive Proteomic Alterations in Olfactory Neuroepithelial Cells of Schizophrenia Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030160. [PMID: 33668817 PMCID: PMC7996288 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A close epidemiological link has been reported between cannabis use and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, biochemical markers in living humans related to the impact of cannabis in this disease are still missing. Olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) cells express neural features and offer a unique advantage to study biomarkers of psychiatric diseases. The aim of our study was to find exclusively deregulated proteins in ON cells of SCZ patients with and without a history of cannabis use. Thus, we compared the proteomic profiles of SCZ non-cannabis users (SCZ/nc) and SCZ cannabis users (SCZ/c) with control subjects non-cannabis users (C/nc) and control cannabis users (C/c). The results revealed that the main cascades affected in SCZ/nc were cell cycle, DNA replication, signal transduction and protein localization. Conversely, cannabis use in SCZ patients induced specific alterations in metabolism of RNA and metabolism of proteins. The levels of targeted proteins in each population were then correlated with cognitive performance and clinical scores. In SCZ/c, the expression levels of 2 proteins involved in the metabolism of RNA (MTREX and ZNF326) correlated with several cognitive markers and clinical signs. Moreover, use duration of cannabis negatively correlated with ZNF326 expression. These findings indicate that RNA-related proteins might be relevant to understand the influence of cannabis use on SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barrera-Conde
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-C.); (A.C.-R.); (R.d.l.T.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Karina Ausin
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdisNA, Proteored-ISCIII, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Mercedes Lachén-Montes
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdisNA, Proteored-ISCIII, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdisNA, Proteored-ISCIII, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Liliana Galindo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona and CIBER de Salud Mental, Spain;
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-C.); (A.C.-R.); (R.d.l.T.)
| | | | - Víctor Pérez
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona and CIBER de Salud Mental, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-C.); (A.C.-R.); (R.d.l.T.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdisNA, Proteored-ISCIII, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-C.); (A.C.-R.); (R.d.l.T.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-316-0455
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24
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Delgado-Sequera A, Hidalgo-Figueroa M, Barrera-Conde M, Duran-Ruiz MC, Castro C, Fernández-Avilés C, de la Torre R, Sánchez-Gomar I, Pérez V, Geribaldi-Doldán N, Robledo P, Berrocoso E. Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cells from Cannabis Users Display Alterations to the Cytoskeleton and to Markers of Adhesion, Proliferation and Apoptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1695-1710. [PMID: 33237429 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis is the third most commonly used psychoactive substance of abuse, yet it also receives considerable attention as a potential therapeutic drug. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the actions of cannabis in the human brain. The olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) is a peripheral nervous tissue that represents an interesting surrogate model to study the effects of drugs in the brain, since it is closely related to the central nervous system, and sensory olfactory neurons are continually regenerated from populations of stem/progenitor cells that undergo neurogenesis throughout life. In this study, we used ON cells from chronic cannabis users and healthy control subjects to assess alterations in relevant cellular processes, and to identify changes in functional proteomic pathways due to cannabis consumption. The ON cells from cannabis users exhibited alterations in the expression of proteins that were related to the cytoskeleton, cell proliferation and cell death, as well as, changes in proteins implicated in cancer, gastrointestinal and neurodevelopmental pathologies. Subsequent studies showed cannabis provoked an increase in cell size and morphological alterations evident through β-Tubulin III staining, as well as, enhanced beta-actin expression and a decrease in the ability of ON cells to undergo cell attachment, suggesting abnormalities of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion system. Furthermore, these cells proliferated more and underwent less cell death. Our results indicate that cannabis may alter key processes of the developing brain, some of which are similar to those reported in mental disorders like DiGeorge syndrome, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Delgado-Sequera
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Barrera-Conde
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Research Programme, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, PRBB, Calle Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mª Carmen Duran-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Research Programme, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, PRBB, Calle Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Gomar
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embriology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Research Programme, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, PRBB, Calle Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Lachén-Montes M, Mendizuri N, Ausín K, Pérez-Mediavilla A, Azkargorta M, Iloro I, Elortza F, Kondo H, Ohigashi I, Ferrer I, de la Torre R, Robledo P, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E. Smelling the Dark Proteome: Functional Characterization of PITH Domain-Containing Protein 1 (C1orf128) in Olfactory Metabolism. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4826-4843. [PMID: 33185454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Human Proteome Project (HPP) consortium aims to functionally characterize the dark proteome. On the basis of the relevance of olfaction in early neurodegeneration, we have analyzed the dark proteome using data mining in public resources and omics data sets derived from the human olfactory system. Multiple dark proteins localize at synaptic terminals and may be involved in amyloidopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have characterized the dark PITH domain-containing protein 1 (PITHD1) in olfactory metabolism using bioinformatics, proteomics, in vitro and in vivo studies, and neuropathology. PITHD1-/- mice exhibit olfactory bulb (OB) proteome changes related to synaptic transmission, cognition, and memory. OB PITHD1 expression increases with age in wild-type (WT) mice and decreases in Tg2576 AD mice at late stages. The analysis across 6 neurological disorders reveals that olfactory tract (OT) PITHD1 is specifically upregulated in human AD. Stimulation of olfactory neuroepithelial (ON) cells with PITHD1 alters the ON phosphoproteome, modifies the proliferation rate, and induces a pro-inflammatory phenotype. This workflow applied by the Spanish C-HPP and Human Brain Proteome Project (HBPP) teams across the ON-OB-OT axis can be adapted as a guidance to decipher functional features of dark proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD018784 and PXD021634.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Lachén-Montes
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Naroa Mendizuri
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karina Ausín
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-Mediavilla
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Neurosciences Division, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ibon Iloro
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Hiroyuki Kondo
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), CIBEROBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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26
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Epigenomic Dysregulation in Schizophrenia: In Search of Disease Etiology and Biomarkers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081837. [PMID: 32764320 PMCID: PMC7463953 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a complex array of signs and symptoms that causes very significant disability in young people. While schizophrenia has a strong genetic component, with heritability around 80%, there is also a very significant range of environmental exposures and stressors that have been implicated in disease development and neuropathology, such as maternal immune infection, obstetric complications, childhood trauma and cannabis exposure. It is postulated that epigenetic factors, as well as regulatory non-coding RNAs, mediate the effects of these environmental stressors. In this review, we explore the most well-known epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation and histone modification, along with emerging RNA mediators of epigenomic state, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, and discuss their collective potential for involvement in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia implicated through the postmortem analysis of brain tissue. Given that peripheral tissues, such as blood, saliva, and olfactory epithelium have the same genetic composition and are exposed to many of the same environmental exposures, we also examine some studies supporting the application of peripheral tissues for epigenomic biomarker discovery in schizophrenia. Finally, we provide some perspective on how these biomarkers may be utilized to capture a signature of past events that informs future treatment.
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27
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Guinart D, Moreno E, Galindo L, Cuenca-Royo A, Barrera-Conde M, Pérez EJ, Fernández-Avilés C, Correll CU, Canela EI, Casadó V, Cordomi A, Pardo L, de la Torre R, Pérez V, Robledo P. Altered Signaling in CB1R-5-HT2AR Heteromers in Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cells of Schizophrenia Patients is Modulated by Cannabis Use. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1547-1557. [PMID: 32249318 PMCID: PMC7846100 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) has been associated with serotonergic and endocannabinoid systems dysregulation, but difficulty in obtaining in vivo neurological tissue has limited its exploration. We investigated CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromer expression and functionality via intracellular pERK and cAMP quantification in olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) cells of SCZ patients non-cannabis users (SCZ/nc), and evaluated whether cannabis modulated these parameters in patients using cannabis (SCZ/c). Results were compared vs healthy controls non-cannabis users (HC/nc) and healthy controls cannabis users (HC/c). Further, antipsychotic effects on heteromer signaling were tested in vitro in HC/nc and HC/c. Results indicated that heteromer expression was enhanced in both SCZ groups vs HC/nc. Additionally, pooling all 4 groups together, heteromer expression correlated with worse attentional performance and more neurological soft signs (NSS), indicating that these changes may be useful markers for neurocognitive impairment. Remarkably, the previously reported signaling properties of CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromers in ON cells were absent, specifically in SCZ/nc treated with clozapine. These findings were mimicked in cells from HC/nc exposed to clozapine, suggesting a major role of this antipsychotic in altering the quaternary structure of the CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromer in SCZ/nc patients. In contrast, cells from SCZ/c showed enhanced heteromer functionality similar to HC/c. Our data highlight a molecular marker of the interaction between antipsychotic medication and cannabis use in SCZ with relevance for future studies evaluating its association with specific neuropsychiatric alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Guinart
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana Galindo
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Barrera-Conde
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ezequiel J Pérez
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enric I Canela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnau Cordomi
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental G21, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,To whom correspondence should be addressed; IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, PRBB, Calle Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; telephone: +34 93 316 0455; e-mail:
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Kanninen KM, Lampinen R, Rantanen LM, Odendaal L, Jalava P, Chew S, White AR. Olfactory cell cultures to investigate health effects of air pollution exposure: Implications for neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2020; 136:104729. [PMID: 32201281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major, global public health concern. A growing body of evidence shows that exposure to air pollutants may impair the brain. Living in highly polluted areas has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, where exposure to complex mixtures of air pollutants in urban environments may have harmful effects on brain function. These harmful effects are thought to originate from elevated inflammation and oxidative stress. The olfactory epithelium is a key entry site of air pollutants into the brain as the particles are deposited in the upper airways and the nasal region. A potential source of patient-derived cells for study of air pollutant effects is the olfactory mucosa, which constitutes a central part of the olfactory epithelium. This review first summarizes the current literature on the available in vitro models of the olfactory epithelium. It then describes how alterations of the olfactory mucosa are linked to neurodegeneration and discusses potential therapeutic applications of these cells for neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, it reviews the research performed on the effects of air pollutant exposure in cells of the olfactory epithelium. Patient-derived olfactory epithelial models hold great promise for not only elucidating the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, but for providing key understanding about air pollutant particle entry and effects at this key brain entry site.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - R Lampinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - L M Rantanen
- Mental Health Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - L Odendaal
- Mental Health Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - P Jalava
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Chew
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - A R White
- Mental Health Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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29
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Forbes B, Bommer R, Goole J, Hellfritzsch M, De Kruijf W, Lambert P, Caivano G, Regard A, Schiaretti F, Trenkel M, Vecellio L, Williams G, Sonvico F, Scherließ R. A consensus research agenda for optimising nasal drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:127-132. [PMID: 31928241 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1714589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nasal drug delivery has specific challenges which are distinct from oral inhalation, alongside which it is often considered. The next generation of nasal products will be required to deliver new classes of molecule, e.g. vaccines, biologics and drugs with action in the brain or sinuses, to local and systemic therapeutic targets. Innovations and new tools/knowledge are required to design products to deliver these therapeutic agents to the right target at the right time in the right patients. We report the outcomes of an expert meeting convened to consider gaps in knowledge and unmet research needs in terms of (i) formulation and devices, (ii) meaningful product characterization and modeling, (iii) opportunities to modify absorption and clearance. Important research questions were identified in the areas of device and formulation innovation, critical quality attributes for different nasal products, development of nasal casts for drug deposition studies, improved experimental models, the use of simulations and nasal delivery in special populations. We offer these questions as a stimulus to research and suggest that they might be addressed most effectively by collaborative research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Forbes
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Goole
- TIPs department, CP 165/67, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Hellfritzsch
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Pierre Lambert
- TIPs department, CP 165/67, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grazia Caivano
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo Francesco Belloli 11/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Alain Regard
- Nemera Insight Innovation Center, La Verpilière, France
| | | | - Marie Trenkel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laurent Vecellio
- Nemera Insight Innovation Center, La Verpilière, France.,Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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30
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Novel Approaches for Identifying the Molecular Background of Schizophrenia. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010246. [PMID: 31963710 PMCID: PMC7017322 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in psychiatric genetics have led to the discovery of dozens of genomic loci associated with schizophrenia. However, a gap exists between the detection of genetic associations and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms. This review describes the basic approaches used in the so-called post-GWAS studies to generate biological interpretation of the existing population genetic data, including both molecular (creation and analysis of knockout animals, exploration of the transcriptional effects of common variants in human brain cells) and computational (fine-mapping of causal variability, gene set enrichment analysis, partitioned heritability analysis) methods. The results of the crucial studies, in which these approaches were used to uncover the molecular and neurobiological basis of the disease, are also reported.
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31
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Huang TW, Li ST, Chen DY, Young TH. Neuropeptide Y increases differentiation of human olfactory receptor neurons through the Y1 receptor. Neuropeptides 2019; 78:101964. [PMID: 31526523 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction significantly impedes the life quality of patients. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is not only a neurotrophic factor in the rodent olfactory system but also an orexigenic peptide that regulates feeding behavior. NPY increases the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) responsivity during starvation; however, whether NPY can promote differentiation of human ORNs remains unexplored. This study investigates the effect of NPY on the differentiation of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells in vitro. Human olfactory neuroepithelium explants were cultured on tissue culture polystyrene dishes for 21 days. Then, cells were cultured with or without NPY at the concentration of 0.5 ng/mℓ for 7 days. The effects of treatment were assessed by phase contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. The further mechanism was evaluated with NPY Y1 receptor-selected antagonist BIBP3226. NPY-treated olfactory neuroepithelial cells exhibited thin bipolar shape, low circularity, low spread area, and long processes. The expression levels of Ascl1, βIII tubulin, GAP43 and OMP were significantly higher in NPY-treated cells than in controls (p < 0.05). NPY-treated olfactory neuroepithelial cells expressed more components of signal transduction apparatuses, Golf and ADCY3, than those without NPY treatment. Western blot analysis also further confirmed these findings (p < 0.05). Additionally, the expression levels of Ascl1, βIII2 tubulin, GAP43, OMP, ADCY3, and Golf in BIBP3226 + NPY and controls were comparable (p > 0.05). NPY not only increases expressions of protein markers of human olfactory neuronal progenitor cells, but also promotes differentiation of ORN and enhances formation of components of olfactory-specific signal transduction pathway through Y1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Tien Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duan-Yu Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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32
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Stepanova OV, Voronova AD, Chadin AV, Valikhov MP, Semkina AS, Karsuntseva EK, Chekhonin IV, Shishkina VS, Reshetov IV, Chekhonin VP. Efficiency of Human Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation into Spinal Cysts to Improve Mobility of the Hind Limbs. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1253-1263. [PMID: 31310179 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological processes developing after spinal cord injuries often lead to formation of cysts. Existing surgical and medical methods are insufficient for treatment of post-traumatic spinal cord cysts. One of the emerging tools is cell therapy. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are perspective cells for cell therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that human OEC transplantation is effective in experimental spinal cysts. For our experiments, we selected animals only at the intermediate stage of recovery with scores from 8 to 13 according to the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. Cells were transplanted in different quantities (0.75 and 1.5 million) into the fully formed cysts and in the areas of injury without cysts. Improvement of limb mobility after human OEC transplantation into post-traumatic cysts was shown. In the group of rats with cysts, time-dependent increase in the BBB score was observed in subgroups treated with 0.75 and 1.5 million OECs with no statistically significant time-dependent dynamics of BBB values in the control group. When all three subgroups (control and two OEC doses) were compared, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed the presence of differences between subgroups after 1, 3, and 4 weeks of treatment with evidence of divergence increase. There was no statistically significant difference between the two doses of OEC treatment. The human OECs in the experiments without cysts were not effective. It was also shown that PKH26-labeled human OECs survive throughout the experiment and migrate to nearby areas of the cyst. Therefore, it was found that it is effective to transplant human OECs into fully formed cysts. In the future, autologous OECs can be used to personalize the treatment of patients with spinal cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Stepanova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurohumoral and Immunological Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Voronova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Chadin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat P Valikhov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurohumoral and Immunological Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alevtina S Semkina
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ivan V Chekhonin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor V Reshetov
- Department of Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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33
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Kryukov AI, Valikhov MP, Tsarapkin GY, Tovmasyan AS, Arzamazov SG, Kondratiev NV, Kostyuk GP, Golimbet VE. [Isolation of neurospheres and neural progenitor cells from the olfactory epithelium]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2019; 84:31-35. [PMID: 30938339 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20198401131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium (OE) is an accessible source of neural stem cells and progenitor cells. The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of various biopsy sites to isolate and propagate neural progenitor cells from the olfactory epithelium (OE). The authors assessed OE cell count in OE in different sites of the nasal cavity and showed the possibility of isolation neurospheres from nasal biopsies. In total, 45 inpatinets were included in the study. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 30 patients undergoing septoplasty and/or turbinate surgery. Three areas of OE were biopsied: lower third section of the nasal septum (A), anterior part of the middle turbinate (B), upper third of the nasal septum (C). Immunocytochemistry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting showed that OE cells were NCAM-positive. Mean percentage of NCAM+ cells was 7.8% for A, 42.7% for B and 18.2% for C. The difference was significant between A and B (p=0.0001) and B and C (p=0.01). Therefore, the anterior part of the middle turbinate was an easily accessible and safe site to obtain neural cells. To confirm this, neurospheres were obtained in 15 patients with schizophrenia who underwent in-office endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Kryukov
- The Sverzhevskiy's Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, 117152; Department of otorhinolaryngology medical faculty of Russian National Research Medical University n.a. N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - M P Valikhov
- V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology National Scientific Research Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia, 119034
| | - G Yu Tsarapkin
- The Sverzhevskiy's Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, 117152
| | - A S Tovmasyan
- The Sverzhevskiy's Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, 117152
| | - S G Arzamazov
- The Sverzhevskiy's Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, 117152
| | - N V Kondratiev
- The Mental Health Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 115522
| | - G P Kostyuk
- V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology National Scientific Research Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia, 119034; Psychiatry Clinical Hospital #1 named after N.A. Alekseeva, Moscow, Russia, 117152
| | - V E Golimbet
- The Mental Health Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 115522
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34
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Kim J, Choi Y, Ahn M, Ekanayake P, Tanaka A, Matsuda H, Shin T. Microglial and astroglial reaction in the olfactory bulb of mice after Triton X-100 application. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:546-552. [PMID: 31054775 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gliosis including microgliosis and astrogliosis is a response to central nervous system inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether olfactory bulbs are influenced by intranasal exposure to the detergent Triton X-100, a non-ionic surfactant. In this experiment, we measured olfactory function in mice based on the time needed to identify hidden pellets. Our results found that more time was needed to find the buried pellets by mice exposed to Triton X-100 compared with mice without Triton X-100 exposure, up to day 7. Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory cells in the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulbs in mice treated with Triton X-100. Western blot analysis revealed significant downregulation of olfactory marker proteins in the olfactory mucosa and bulbs of mice after intranasal exposure to Triton X-100. In the olfactory bulbs of mice exposed to Triton X-100, microgliosis and astrogliosis were evident using immunohistochemistry. Cathepsin D was also upregulated in Iba-1-positive microglia/macrophages and GFAP-positive astrocytes in the olfactory bulbs of mice exposed to Triton X-100. In mice, Triton X-100 induced olfactory sensory neuron death in the nasal cavity and gliosis in olfactory bulbs with concurrent downregulation of olfactory marker protein expression, resulting in transient olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Poornima Ekanayake
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Akane Tanaka
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Rouyar A, Classe M, Gorski R, Bock M, Le‐Guern J, Roche S, Fourgous V, Remaury A, Paul P, Ponsolles C, Françon D, Rocheteau‐Beaujouan L, Clément M, Haddad E, Guillemot J, Didier M, Biton B, Orsini C, Mikol V, Leonetti M. Type 2/Th2-driven inflammation impairs olfactory sensory neurogenesis in mouse chronic rhinosinusitis model. Allergy 2019; 74:549-559. [PMID: 29987849 PMCID: PMC6590422 DOI: 10.1111/all.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease often accompanied by impairment of sense of smell. This symptom has been somewhat overlooked, and its relationship to inflammatory cytokines, tissue compression, neuronal loss, and neurogenesis is still unclear. METHODS In order to elucidate potential mechanisms leading to CRS in humans, we have established a type 2/T helper type 2 cell (Th2)-mediated allergic CRS mouse model, based on house dust mite (HDM) and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) sensitization. The inflammatory status of the olfactory epithelium (OE) was assessed using histology, biochemistry, and transcriptomics. The sense of smell was evaluated by studying olfactory behavior and recording electro-olfactograms (EOGs). RESULTS After 22 weeks, a typical type 2/Th2-mediated inflammatory profile was obtained, as demonstrated by increased interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the OE. The number of mast cells and eosinophils was increased, and infiltration of these cells into the olfactory mucosa was also observed. In parallel, transcriptomic and histology analyses indicated a decreased number of immature olfactory neurons, possibly due to decreased renewal. However, the number of mature sensory neurons was not affected and neither the EOG nor olfactory behavior was impaired. CONCLUSION Our mouse model of CRS displayed an allergic response to HDM + SEB administration, including the type 2/Th2 inflammatory profile characteristic of human eosinophilic CRSwNP. Although the sense of smell did not appear to be altered in these conditions, the data reveal the influence of chronic inflammation on olfactory neurogenesis, suggesting that factors unique to humans may be involved in CRSwNP-associated anosmia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Remaury
- Translational SciencesSanofiChilly‐MazarinFrance
| | - Pascal Paul
- Translational SciencesSanofiChilly‐MazarinFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - El‐Bdaoui Haddad
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic AreaSanofiCambridgeMassachusetts
| | | | | | - Bruno Biton
- Translational SciencesSanofiChilly‐MazarinFrance
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36
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Kim J, Ahn M, Choi Y, Ekanayake P, Park CM, Moon C, Jung K, Tanaka A, Matsuda H, Shin T. Gene Expression Profile of Olfactory Transduction Signaling in an Animal Model of Human Multiple Sclerosis. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:74-84. [PMID: 30853826 PMCID: PMC6401553 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction occurs in multiple sclerosis in humans, as well as in an animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The aim of this study was to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in olfactory bulb of EAE-affected mice by next generation sequencing, with a particular focus on changes in olfaction-related signals. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice following immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and adjuvant. Inflammatory lesions were identified in the olfactory bulbs as well as in the spinal cord of immunized mice. Analysis of DEGs in the olfactory bulb of EAE-affected mice revealed that 44 genes were upregulated (and which were primarily related to inflammatory mediators), while 519 genes were downregulated; among the latter, olfactory marker protein and stomatin-like 3, which have been linked to olfactory signal transduction, were significantly downregulated (log2 [fold change] >1 and p-value <0.05). These findings suggest that inflammation in the olfactory bulb of EAE-affected mice is associated with the downregulation of some olfactory signal transduction genes, particularly olfactory marker protein and stomatin-like 3, which may lead to olfactory dysfunction in an animal model of human multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yuna Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Poornima Ekanayake
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Chul Min Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Akane Tanaka
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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37
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Salazar I, Sanchez-Quinteiro P, Barrios AW, López Amado M, Vega JA. Anatomy of the olfactory mucosa. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 164:47-65. [PMID: 31604563 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63855-7.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The classic notion that humans are microsmatic animals was born from comparative anatomy studies showing the reduction in the size of both the olfactory bulbs and the limbic brain relative to the whole brain. However, the human olfactory system contains a number of neurons comparable to that of most other mammals, and humans have exquisite olfactory abilities. Major advances in molecular and genetic research have resulted in the identification of extremely large gene families that express receptors for sensing odors. Such advances have led to a renaissance of studies focused on both human and nonhuman aspects of olfactory physiology and function. Evidence that olfactory dysfunction is among the earliest signs of a number of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders has led to considerable interest in the use of olfactory epithelial biopsies for potentially identifying such disorders. Moreover, the unique features of the olfactory ensheathing cells have made the olfactory mucosa a promising and unexpected source of cells for treating spinal cord injuries and other neural injuries in which cell guidance is critical. The olfactory system of humans and other primates differs in many ways from that of other species. In this chapter we provide an overview of the anatomy of not only the human olfactory mucosa but of mucosae from a range of mammals from which more detailed information is available. Basic information regarding the general organization of the olfactory mucosa, including its receptor cells and the large number of other cell types critical for their maintenance and function, is provided. Cross-species comparisons are made when appropriate. The polemic issue of the human vomeronasal organ in both the adult and fetus is discussed, along with recent findings regarding olfactory subsystems within the nose of a number of mammals (e.g., the septal organ and Grüneberg ganglion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Salazar
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Unit of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Quinteiro
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Unit of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Arthur W Barrios
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Nacional Mayor of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel López Amado
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - José A Vega
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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38
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Bellon A, Wegener A, Lescallette AR, Valente M, Yang SK, Gardette R, Matricon J, Mouaffak F, Watts P, Vimeux L, Yun JK, Kawasawa YI, Clawson GA, Blandin E, Chaumette B, Jay TM, Krebs MO, Feuillet V, Hosmalin A. Transdifferentiation of Human Circulating Monocytes Into Neuronal-Like Cells in 20 Days and Without Reprograming. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:323. [PMID: 30760979 PMCID: PMC6156467 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress, our understanding of psychiatric and neurological illnesses remains poor, at least in part due to the inability to access neurons directly from patients. Currently, there are in vitro models available but significant work remains, including the search for a less invasive, inexpensive and rapid method to obtain neuronal-like cells with the capacity to deliver reproducible results. Here, we present a new protocol to transdifferentiate human circulating monocytes into neuronal-like cells in 20 days and without the need for viral insertion or reprograming. We have thoroughly characterized these monocyte-derived-neuronal-like cells (MDNCs) through various approaches including immunofluorescence (IF), flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, single cell mRNA sequencing, electrophysiology and pharmacological techniques. These MDNCs resembled human neurons early in development, expressed a variety of neuroprogenitor and neuronal genes as well as several neuroprogenitor and neuronal proteins and also presented electrical activity. In addition, when these neuronal-like cells were exposed to either dopamine or colchicine, they responded similarly to neurons by retracting their neuronal arborizations. More importantly, MDNCs exhibited reproducible differentiation rates, arborizations and expression of dopamine 1 receptors (DR1) on separate sequential samples from the same individual. Differentiation efficiency measured by cell morphology was on average 11.9 ± 1.4% (mean, SEM, n = 38,819 cells from 15 donors). To provide context and help researchers decide which in vitro model of neuronal development is best suited to address their scientific question,we compared our results with those of other in vitro models currently available and exposed advantages and disadvantages of each paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Bellon
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hershey, PA, United States.,Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey, PA, United States.,INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR894, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire-S14, Paris, France
| | - Amelie Wegener
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR894, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Adam R Lescallette
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Michael Valente
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Seung-Kwon Yang
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR894, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Robert Gardette
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR894, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Julien Matricon
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR894, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Faycal Mouaffak
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR894, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire-S14, Paris, France
| | - Paula Watts
- Sky Ridge Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Lone Tree, CO, United States
| | - Lene Vimeux
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Jong K Yun
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey, PA, United States.,Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Gary A Clawson
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Elisabeta Blandin
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hershey, PA, United States.,Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Boris Chaumette
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR894, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire-S14, Paris, France.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Therese M Jay
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR894, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR894, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire-S14, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Feuillet
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Anne Hosmalin
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
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39
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Wali G, Sue CM, Mackay-Sim A. Patient-Derived Stem Cell Models in SPAST HSP: Disease Modelling and Drug Discovery. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E142. [PMID: 30065201 PMCID: PMC6120041 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8080142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is an inherited, progressive paralysis of the lower limbs first described by Adolph Strümpell in 1883 with a further detailed description of the disease by Maurice Lorrain in 1888. Today, more than 100 years after the first case of HSP was described, we still do not know how mutations in HSP genes lead to degeneration of the corticospinal motor neurons. This review describes how patient-derived stem cells contribute to understanding the disease mechanism at the cellular level and use this for discovery of potential new therapeutics, focusing on SPAST mutations, the most common cause of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Wali
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Alan Mackay-Sim
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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40
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Golimbet VE, Kryukov AI, Kostyuk GP, Arzamasov SG, Tsarapkin GY. [Olfactory neuroepithelium as a model for the studies of molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:111-114. [PMID: 30040811 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811861111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory neuroepithelium (OE) is shown to be a suitable experimental model to study neuronal biomarkers of psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. Olfactory neuronal precursors can be useful for studying neurodevelopmental stages, neuronal markers, pharmacological screening. However, a limited number of research groups have used this cell model in a small number of patients and healthy people that can be explained by several factors. Based on literature reports and own research, the authors analyze the advantages and limitations of OE-derived cell/tissue models. The main limitations of these models are decreased rate of harvesting and culturing OE-derived cell and low percentage of patients who agreed to participate in the study. Our results showed that only 10% of patients with schizophrenia signed informed consent for nasal biopsy, 80% of them underwent biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A I Kryukov
- Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - G P Kostyuk
- Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital #1, Moscow, Russia
| | - S G Arzamasov
- Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Yu Tsarapkin
- Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
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41
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Lema YY, Gamo NJ, Yang K, Ishizuka K. Trait and state biomarkers for psychiatric disorders: Importance of infrastructure to bridge the gap between basic and clinical research and industry. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:482-489. [PMID: 29687938 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To further improve clinical activities in psychiatry by early diagnosis and early intervention with novel mechanism-guided treatments, there is a great need for biomarkers that reflect 'trait' and 'state' in major mental disorders. Stable trait biomarkers would allow early diagnosis, prognosis, and hopefully early intervention in these disorders, while dynamic state markers that reflect symptomatic changes would help to develop treatments that target these molecular mechanisms. However, in the search for such biomarkers, and eventually translating them to the clinic and industry, challenges currently exist at multiple levels, from basic scientific understanding, patient sample collection, and sample and data management, to bridging the gap between basic and clinical research and industry. To address these challenges, we propose an infrastructure that emphasizes: (i) a research and educational framework to facilitate translation between basic neuroscience, clinical research, and industry; (ii) patient recruitment and collection of disease-relevant samples to study trait and state biomarkers; and (iii) a comprehensive database to integrate patient and sample information with biological and clinical data. We believe that such an approach would bolster: research into the biological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders; and collaboration among the laboratory, clinic, and industry to translate these findings into successful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Y Lema
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Nao J Gamo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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42
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Stepanova OV, Voronova АD, Chadin AV, Valikhov MP, Abakumov MA, Reshetov IV, Chekhonin VP. Isolation of Rat Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Their Use in the Therapy of Posttraumatic Cysts of the Spinal Cord. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:132-135. [PMID: 29796806 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of rat olfactory ensheathing cells in the therapy of experimental cysts of the spinal cord. Improvement of the motor function of the hind limbs after transplantation of the olfactory ensheathing cells into the posttraumatic spinal cord cysts rats was found. We also determined the required number of cells for transplantation and demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of this dosage. For further clinical studies, autologous tissue-specific cell preparation of olfactory ensheathing cells has to be created. Cell therapy in combination surgical and pharmacological treatment will substantially improve the quality of life of patients with posttraumatic spinal cord cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Stepanova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - А D Voronova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Chadin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M P Valikhov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Abakumov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Reshetov
- University Clinical Hospital No. 1, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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43
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Though olfactory deficits are well-documented in schizophrenia, fewer studies have examined olfactory performance profiles across the psychosis spectrum. The current study examined odor identification, discrimination, and detection threshold performance in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder with psychotic features, major depression with psychotic features, and other psychotic conditions. METHOD FEP patients (n = 97) and healthy adults (n = 98) completed birhinal assessments of odor identification, discrimination, and detection threshold sensitivity for lyral and citralva. Participants also completed measures of anticipatory pleasure, anhedonia, and empathy. Differences in olfactory performances were assessed between FEP patients and controls and within FEP subgroups. Sex-stratified post hoc analyses were employed for a complete analysis of sex differences. Relationships between self-report measures and olfactory scores were also examined. RESULTS Individuals with psychosis had poorer scores across all olfactory measures when compared to the control group. Within the psychosis cohort, patients with schizophrenia-associated psychosis had poorer odor identification, discrimination, and citralva detection threshold scores relative to controls. In schizophrenia patients, greater olfactory disturbance was associated with increased negative symptomatology, greater self-reported anhedonia, and lower self-reported anticipatory pleasure. Patients with mood-associated psychosis performed comparable to controls though men and women in this cohort showed differential olfactory profiles. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that olfactory deficits extend beyond measures of odor identification in FEP with greater deficits observed in schizophrenia-related subgroups of psychosis. Studies examining whether greater olfactory dysfunction confers greater risk for developing schizophrenia relative to other forms of psychosis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Division of Medical Psychology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 218, Baltimore, MD 21287-7218, US; tel: 410-614-6342, fax: 410-955-0504, e-mail:
| | - Patricia Lasutschinkow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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44
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Li ST, Young TH, Huang TW. Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) is a suitable substrate for human olfactory neuroepithelial cell differentiation in vitro through a defined regulatory pathway. Acta Biomater 2018; 68:204-213. [PMID: 29288083 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction significantly influences patients' life quality, but currently has no adequate treatment. Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVAL) mediates cell adhesion, growth and modulates differentiation of neural stem cells. However, whether EVAL is a suitable substrate to establish an in vitro culture system that can promote development and differentiation of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells (HONCs) remains unexplored. This study isolates and cultures HONCs on controls and EVAL films for 21 days. The effects of treatment are assessed using immunocytochemistry, microarray analysis, quantitative PCR, ELISA and western blots following culturing. Most of the cell morphology on controls is epithelial and expresses markers of sustentacular cells (SCs), cadherin-1 and cytokeratin18, whereas the main population on EVAL presents as morphology with extended thin processes and possesses markers of mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), olfactory marker protein (OMP). Microarray analyses reveal neuropeptide Y (NPY) and amphiregulin (AREG) are the two important regulating factors on EVAL films. HONCs cultured on EVAL films enhance the development of mature OSNs through NPY signaling, and significantly decrease the growth of SCs by blocking epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation. EVAL is a potential biomaterial to serve as an ideal substrate for treating olfactory dysfunction in the future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Olfaction not only contributes to enjoyments of food, but provides a clue to escape from dangerous environmental hazards. However, loss of smell is commonly progressive and there is no good prognostic approach for olfactory dysfunction. Here, we use poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVAL) to establish an in vitro culture system that promotes development and differentiation of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells. We show that EVAL not only enhances the development of mature olfactory sensory neurons through neuronpeptide Y signaling, but significantly protects the olfactory neuroepithelium from metaplasia by inhibiting EGFR activation. Therefore, EVAL is a potential biomaterial to serve as an ideal substrate for treating olfactory dysfunction in the future.
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45
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Lock JY, Carlson TL, Carrier RL. Mucus models to evaluate the diffusion of drugs and particles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:34-49. [PMID: 29117512 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a complex hydrogel that acts as a natural barrier to drug delivery at different mucosal surfaces including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and vaginal tracts. To elucidate the role mucus plays in drug delivery, different in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo mucus models and techniques have been utilized. Drug and drug carrier diffusion can be studied using various techniques in either isolated mucus gels or mucus present on cell cultures and tissues. The species, age, and potential disease state of the animal from which mucus is derived can all impact mucus composition and structure, and therefore impact drug and drug carrier diffusion. This review provides an overview of the techniques used to characterize drug and drug carrier diffusion, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different models available to highlight the information they can afford.
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46
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Galindo L, Moreno E, López-Armenta F, Guinart D, Cuenca-Royo A, Izquierdo-Serra M, Xicota L, Fernandez C, Menoyo E, Fernández-Fernández JM, Benítez-King G, Canela EI, Casadó V, Pérez V, de la Torre R, Robledo P. Cannabis Users Show Enhanced Expression of CB1-5HT2A Receptor Heteromers in Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6347-6361. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Isolation of putative stem cells present in human adult olfactory mucosa. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181151. [PMID: 28719644 PMCID: PMC5515430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory mucosa (OM) has the unique characteristic of performing an almost continuous and lifelong neurogenesis in response to external injuries, due to the presence of olfactory stem cells that guarantee the maintenance of the olfactory function. The easy accessibility of the OM in humans makes these stem cells feasible candidates for the development of regenerative therapies. In this report we present a detailed characterization of a patient-derived OM, together with a description of cell cultures obtained from the OM. In addition, we present a method for the enrichment and isolation of OM stem cells that might be used for future translational studies dealing with neuronal plasticity, neuro-regeneration or disease modeling.
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48
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review article is to introduce olfactory epithelium-derived cell/tissue models as a promising surrogate system to study the molecular mechanisms implicated in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we particularly focus on the utility of their neural progenitors. RECENT FINDINGS Recent investigations of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia using olfactory epithelium-derived tissue/cell models have provided insights about schizophrenia-associated alterations in neurodevelopment, stress response, and gene/protein expression regulatory pathways. SUMMARY The olfactory epithelium retains the capacity for lifelong neurogenesis and regeneration, because of the presence of neural stem cells and progenitors. Thus, both mature neurons and neural progenitors can be obtained from the olfactory epithelium without the need for genetic reprogramming and related confounds. Furthermore, the olfactory epithelium is highly scalable resource in translational settings. Here, we also demonstrate recent findings from research using olfactory epithelium-derived tissue/cell models in schizophrenia and other brain disorders. In summary, we propose that the olfactory epithelium is a promising resource to study neural molecular and cellular signatures relevant to the pathology of schizophrenia and other mental disorders.
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49
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Lavoie J, Gassó Astorga P, Segal-Gavish H, Wu YC, Chung Y, Cascella NG, Sawa A, Ishizuka K. The Olfactory Neural Epithelium As a Tool in Neuroscience. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:100-103. [PMID: 28108112 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Capturing both dynamic changes (state) and persistent signatures (trait) directly associated with disease at the molecular level is crucial in modern medicine. The olfactory neural epithelium, easily accessible in clinical settings, is a promising surrogate model in translational brain medicine, complementing the limitations in current engineered cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Lavoie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Gassó Astorga
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Current address: Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hadar Segal-Gavish
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Current address: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - YeeWen Candace Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Youjin Chung
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Current address: Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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50
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Horiuchi Y, Kondo MA, Okada K, Takayanagi Y, Tanaka T, Ho T, Varvaris M, Tajinda K, Hiyama H, Ni K, Colantuoni C, Schretlen D, Cascella NG, Pevsner J, Ishizuka K, Sawa A. Molecular signatures associated with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a study of biopsied olfactory neural epithelium. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e915. [PMID: 27727244 PMCID: PMC5315541 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a key feature of schizophrenia (SZ) and determines functional outcome. Nonetheless, molecular signatures in neuronal tissues that associate with deficits are not well understood. We conducted nasal biopsy to obtain olfactory epithelium from patients with SZ and control subjects. The neural layers from the biopsied epithelium were enriched by laser-captured microdissection. We then performed an unbiased microarray expression study and implemented a systematic neuropsychological assessment on the same participants. The differentially regulated genes in SZ were further filtered based on correlation with neuropsychological traits. This strategy identified the SMAD 5 gene, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis also supports downregulation of the SMAD pathway in SZ. The SMAD pathway has been important in multiple tissues, including the role for neurodevelopment and bone formation. Here the involvement of the pathway in adult brain function is suggested. This exploratory study establishes a strategy to better identify neuronal molecular signatures that are potentially associated with mental illness and cognitive deficits. We propose that the SMAD pathway may be a novel target in addressing cognitive deficit of SZ in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Horiuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M A Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y Takayanagi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Varvaris
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Tajinda
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Hiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Ni
- Pharmacology Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - C Colantuoni
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Schretlen
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N G Cascella
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Pevsner
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Hugo W Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166A, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. E-mail:
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