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Zhang S, Xu G, Wu J, Liu X, Fan Y, Chen J, Wallace G, Gu Q. Microphysiological Constructs and Systems: Biofabrication Tactics, Biomimetic Evaluation Approaches, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300685. [PMID: 37798902 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs and MPSs) have undergone significant development, ranging from self-organized organoids to high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platforms. Advances in biomaterials, bioinks, 3D bioprinting, micro/nanofabrication, and sensor technologies have contributed to diverse and innovative biofabrication tactics. MPCs and MPSs, particularly tissue chips relevant to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, have demonstrated potential as precise, efficient, and economical alternatives to animal models for drug discovery and personalized medicine. However, current approaches mainly focus on the in vitro recapitulation of the human anatomical structure and physiological-biochemical indices at a single or a few simple levels. This review highlights the recent remarkable progress in MPC and MPS models and their applications. The challenges that must be addressed to assess the reliability, quantify the techniques, and utilize the fidelity of the models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Guoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Gordon Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Raj M K, Priyadarshani J, Karan P, Bandyopadhyay S, Bhattacharya S, Chakraborty S. Bio-inspired microfluidics: A review. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051503. [PMID: 37781135 PMCID: PMC10539033 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomicrofluidics, a subdomain of microfluidics, has been inspired by several ideas from nature. However, while the basic inspiration for the same may be drawn from the living world, the translation of all relevant essential functionalities to an artificially engineered framework does not remain trivial. Here, we review the recent progress in bio-inspired microfluidic systems via harnessing the integration of experimental and simulation tools delving into the interface of engineering and biology. Development of "on-chip" technologies as well as their multifarious applications is subsequently discussed, accompanying the relevant advancements in materials and fabrication technology. Pointers toward new directions in research, including an amalgamated fusion of data-driven modeling (such as artificial intelligence and machine learning) and physics-based paradigm, to come up with a human physiological replica on a synthetic bio-chip with due accounting of personalized features, are suggested. These are likely to facilitate physiologically replicating disease modeling on an artificially engineered biochip as well as advance drug development and screening in an expedited route with the minimization of animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Raj M
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Jyotsana Priyadarshani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section (BMe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Pratyaksh Karan
- Géosciences Rennes Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Saumyadwip Bandyopadhyay
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Soumya Bhattacharya
- Achira Labs Private Limited, 66b, 13th Cross Rd., Dollar Layout, 3–Phase, JP Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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3
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Isenberg BC, Vedula EM, Santos J, Lewis DJ, Roberts TR, Harea G, Sutherland D, Landis B, Blumenstiel S, Urban J, Lang D, Teece B, Lai W, Keating R, Chiang D, Batchinsky AI, Borenstein JT. A Clinical-Scale Microfluidic Respiratory Assist Device with 3D Branching Vascular Networks. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207455. [PMID: 37092588 PMCID: PMC10288269 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent global events such as COVID-19 pandemic amid rising rates of chronic lung diseases highlight the need for safer, simpler, and more available treatments for respiratory failure, with increasing interest in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). A key factor limiting use of this technology is the complexity of the blood circuit, resulting in clotting and bleeding and necessitating treatment in specialized care centers. Microfluidic oxygenators represent a promising potential solution, but have not reached the scale or performance required for comparison with conventional hollow fiber membrane oxygenators (HFMOs). Here the development and demonstration of the first microfluidic respiratory assist device at a clinical scale is reported, demonstrating efficient oxygen transfer at blood flow rates of 750 mL min⁻1 , the highest ever reported for a microfluidic device. The central innovation of this technology is a fully 3D branching network of blood channels mimicking key features of the physiological microcirculation by avoiding anomalous blood flows that lead to thrombus formation and blood damage in conventional oxygenators. Low, stable blood pressure drop, low hemolysis, and consistent oxygen transfer, in 24-hour pilot large animal experiments are demonstrated - a key step toward translation of this technology to the clinic for treatment of a range of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose Santos
- Bioengineering DivisionDraperCambridgeMA02139USA
| | | | - Teryn R. Roberts
- Autonomous Reanimation and Evacuation (AREVA) Research ProgramThe Geneva FoundationSan AntonioTX78234USA
| | - George Harea
- Autonomous Reanimation and Evacuation (AREVA) Research ProgramThe Geneva FoundationSan AntonioTX78234USA
| | | | - Beau Landis
- Bioengineering DivisionDraperCambridgeMA02139USA
| | | | - Joseph Urban
- Bioengineering DivisionDraperCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Daniel Lang
- Bioengineering DivisionDraperCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Bryan Teece
- Bioengineering DivisionDraperCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - WeiXuan Lai
- Bioengineering DivisionDraperCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Rose Keating
- Bioengineering DivisionDraperCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Diana Chiang
- Bioengineering DivisionDraperCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Andriy I. Batchinsky
- Autonomous Reanimation and Evacuation (AREVA) Research ProgramThe Geneva FoundationSan AntonioTX78234USA
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4
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Chen J, Zhang D, Wu LP, Zhao M. Current Strategies for Engineered Vascular Grafts and Vascularized Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092015. [PMID: 37177162 PMCID: PMC10181238 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels not only transport oxygen and nutrients to each organ, but also play an important role in the regulation of tissue regeneration. Impaired or occluded vessels can result in ischemia, tissue necrosis, or even life-threatening events. Bioengineered vascular grafts have become a promising alternative treatment for damaged or occlusive vessels. Large-scale tubular grafts, which can match arteries, arterioles, and venules, as well as meso- and microscale vasculature to alleviate ischemia or prevascularized engineered tissues, have been developed. In this review, materials and techniques for engineering tubular scaffolds and vasculature at all levels are discussed. Examples of vascularized tissue engineering in bone, peripheral nerves, and the heart are also provided. Finally, the current challenges are discussed and the perspectives on future developments in biofunctional engineered vessels are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lin-Ping Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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Mu X, Gerhard-Herman MD, Zhang YS. Building Blood Vessel Chips with Enhanced Physiological Relevance. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2201778. [PMID: 37693798 PMCID: PMC10489284 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel chips are bioengineered microdevices, consisting of biomaterials, human cells, and microstructures, which recapitulate essential vascular structure and physiology and allow a well-controlled microenvironment and spatial-temporal readouts. Blood vessel chips afford promising opportunities to understand molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a range of vascular diseases. The physiological relevance is key to these blood vessel chips that rely on bioinspired strategies and bioengineering approaches to translate vascular physiology into artificial units. Here, we discuss several critical aspects of vascular physiology, including morphology, material composition, mechanical properties, flow dynamics, and mass transport, which provide essential guidelines and a valuable source of bioinspiration for the rational design of blood vessel chips. We also review state-of-art blood vessel chips that exhibit important physiological features of the vessel and reveal crucial insights into the biological processes and disease pathogenesis, including rare diseases, with notable implications for drug screening and clinical trials. We envision that the advances in biomaterials, biofabrication, and stem cells improve the physiological relevance of blood vessel chips, which, along with the close collaborations between clinicians and bioengineers, enable their widespread utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marie Denise Gerhard-Herman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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6
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Bliley JM, Shiwarski DJ, Feinberg AW. 3D-bioprinted human tissue and the path toward clinical translation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo7047. [PMID: 36223452 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a transformative technology for engineering tissues for disease modeling and drug screening and building tissues and organs for repair, regeneration, and replacement. In this Viewpoint, we discuss technological advances in 3D bioprinting, key remaining challenges, and essential milestones toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Bliley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel J Shiwarski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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7
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McIntyre D, Lashkaripour A, Fordyce P, Densmore D. Machine learning for microfluidic design and control. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2925-2937. [PMID: 35904162 PMCID: PMC9361804 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has developed into a mature field with applications across science and engineering, having particular commercial success in molecular diagnostics, next-generation sequencing, and bench-top analysis. Despite its ubiquity, the complexity of designing and controlling custom microfluidic devices present major barriers to adoption, requiring intuitive knowledge gained from years of experience. If these barriers were overcome, microfluidics could miniaturize biological and chemical research for non-experts through fully-automated platform development and operation. The intuition of microfluidic experts can be captured through machine learning, where complex statistical models are trained for pattern recognition and subsequently used for event prediction. Integration of machine learning with microfluidics could significantly expand its adoption and impact. Here, we present the current state of machine learning for the design and control of microfluidic devices, its possible applications, and current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McIntyre
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, MA, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ali Lashkaripour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Polly Fordyce
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Densmore
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Bereyhi MJ, Beccari A, Groth R, Fedorov SA, Arabmoheghi A, Kippenberg TJ, Engelsen NJ. Hierarchical tensile structures with ultralow mechanical dissipation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3097. [PMID: 35654776 PMCID: PMC9163184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural hierarchy is found in myriad biological systems and has improved man-made structures ranging from the Eiffel tower to optical cavities. In mechanical resonators whose rigidity is provided by static tension, structural hierarchy can reduce the dissipation of the fundamental mode to ultralow levels due to an unconventional form of soft clamping. Here, we apply hierarchical design to silicon nitride nanomechanical resonators and realize binary tree-shaped resonators with room temperature quality factors as high as 7.8 × 108 at 107 kHz frequency (1.1 × 109 at T = 6 K). The resonators’ thermal-noise-limited force sensitivities reach 740 zN/Hz1/2 at room temperature and 90 zN/Hz1/2 at 6 K, surpassing state-of-the-art cantilevers currently used for force microscopy. Moreover, we demonstrate hierarchically structured, ultralow dissipation membranes suitable for interferometric position measurements in Fabry-Pérot cavities. Hierarchical nanomechanical resonators open new avenues in force sensing, signal transduction and quantum optomechanics, where low dissipation is paramount and operation with the fundamental mode is often advantageous. Low dissipation of fundamental mode is a determinant factor in nanomechanical resonator design. Here the authors realize soft clamping for the fundamental mode in a nanomechanical tensile structure achieving low loss, low mass, and low resonance frequency that render it a perfect force sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bereyhi
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Beccari
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Groth
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S A Fedorov
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Arabmoheghi
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T J Kippenberg
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - N J Engelsen
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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9
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Astor TL, Borenstein JT. The microfluidic artificial lung: Mimicking nature's blood path design to solve the biocompatibility paradox. Artif Organs 2022; 46:1227-1239. [PMID: 35514275 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of chronic lung disease worldwide, combined with the emergence of multiple pandemics arising from respiratory viruses over the past century, highlights the need for safer and efficacious means for providing artificial lung support. Mechanical ventilation is currently used for the vast majority of patients suffering from acute and chronic lung failure, but risks further injury or infection to the patient's already compromised lung function. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as a means of providing direct gas exchange with the blood, but limited access to the technology and the complexity of the blood circuit have prevented the broader expansion of its use. A promising avenue toward simplifying and minimizing complications arising from the blood circuit, microfluidics-based artificial organ support, has emerged over the past decade as an opportunity to overcome many of the fundamental limitations of the current standard for ECMO cartridges, hollow fiber membrane oxygenators. The power of microfluidics technology for this application stems from its ability to recapitulate key aspects of physiological microcirculation, including the small dimensions of blood vessel structures and gas transfer membranes. An even greater advantage of microfluidics, the ability to configure blood flow patterns that mimic the smooth, branching nature of vascular networks, holds the potential to reduce the incidence of clotting and bleeding and to minimize reliance on anticoagulants. Here, we summarize recent progress and address future directions and goals for this potentially transformative approach to artificial lung support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Astor
- Biomembretics, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Grinham J, Hancock MJ, Kumar K, Bechthold M, Ingber DE, Aizenberg J. Bioinspired design and optimization for thin film wearable and building cooling systems. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2021; 17:015003. [PMID: 34644686 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac2f55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a paradigmatic shift in bioinspired microchannel heat exchanger design toward its integration into thin film wearable devices, thermally active surfaces in buildings, photovoltaic devices, and other thermoregulating devices whose typical cooling fluxes are below 1 kW m-2. The transparent thermoregulation device is fabricated by bonding a thin corrugated elastomeric film to the surface of a substrate to form a microchannel water-circuit with bioinspired unit cell geometry. Inspired by the dynamic scaling of flow systems in nature, we introduce empirically derived sizing rules and a novel numerical optimization method to maximize the thermoregulation performance of the microchannel network by enhancing the uniformity of flow distribution. The optimized network design results in a 25% to 37% increase in the heat flux compared to non-optimized designs. The study demonstrates the versatility of the presented design and architecture by fabricating and testing a scaled-up numerically optimized heat exchanger device for building-scale and wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Grinham
- Harvard Graduate School of Design, United States of America
- Harvard Center for Green Buildings and Cities, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, United States of America
| | | | - Kitty Kumar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, United States of America
| | - Martin Bechthold
- Harvard Graduate School of Design, United States of America
- Harvard Center for Green Buildings and Cities, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, United States of America
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, United States of America
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
- Harvard John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, United States of America
| | - Joanna Aizenberg
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, United States of America
- Harvard John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, United States of America
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11
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Santos JA, Gimbel AA, Peppas A, Truslow JG, Lang DA, Sukavaneshvar S, Solt D, Mulhern TJ, Markoski A, Kim ES, Hsiao JCM, Lewis DJ, Harjes DI, DiBiasio C, Charest JL, Borenstein JT. Design and construction of three-dimensional physiologically-based vascular branching networks for respiratory assist devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4637-4651. [PMID: 34730597 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00287b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices are changing the way that in vitro diagnostics and drug development are conducted, based on the increased precision, miniaturization and efficiency of these systems relative to prior methods. However, the full potential of microfluidics as a platform for therapeutic medical devices such as extracorporeal organ support has not been realized, in part due to limitations in the ability to scale current designs and fabrication techniques toward clinically relevant rates of blood flow. Here we report on a method for designing and fabricating microfluidic devices supporting blood flow rates per layer greater than 10 mL min-1 for respiratory support applications, leveraging advances in precision machining to generate fully three-dimensional physiologically-based branching microchannel networks. The ability of precision machining to create molds with rounded features and smoothly varying channel widths and depths distinguishes the geometry of the microchannel networks described here from all previous reports of microfluidic respiratory assist devices, regarding the ability to mimic vascular blood flow patterns. These devices have been assembled and tested in the laboratory using whole bovine or porcine blood, and in a porcine model to demonstrate efficient gas transfer, blood flow and pressure stability over periods of several hours. This new approach to fabricating and scaling microfluidic devices has the potential to address wide applications in critical care for end-stage organ failure and acute illnesses stemming from respiratory viral infections, traumatic injuries and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santos
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Alla A Gimbel
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Daniel A Lang
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Alex Markoski
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ernest S Kim
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Diana J Lewis
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Erfan M, Gnambodoe-Capochichi M, Sabry YM, Khalil D, Leprince-Wang Y, Bourouina T. Spatiotemporal dynamics of nanowire growth in a microfluidic reactor. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:77. [PMID: 34712489 PMCID: PMC8505653 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Co-integration of nanomaterials into microdevices poses several technological challenges and presents numerous scientific opportunities that have been addressed in this paper by integrating zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO-NWs) into a microfluidic chamber. In addition to the applications of these combined materials, this work focuses on the study of the growth dynamics and uniformity of nanomaterials in a tiny microfluidic reactor environment. A unique experimental platform was built through the integration of a noninvasive optical characterization technique with the microfluidic reactor. This platform allowed the unprecedented demonstration of time-resolved and spatially resolved monitoring of the in situ growth of NWs, in which the chemicals were continuously fed into the microfluidic reactor. The platform was also used to assess the uniformity of NWs grown quickly in a 10-mm-wide microchamber, which was intentionally chosen to be 20 times wider than those used in previous attempts because it can accommodate applications requiring a large surface of interaction while still taking advantage of submillimeter height. Further observations included the effects of varying the flow rate on the NW diameter and length in addition to a synergetic effect of continuous renewal of the growth solution and the confined environment of the chemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Erfan
- ESYCOM, CNRS UMR 9007, Université Gustave Eiffel, ESIEE Paris, Noisy-le-Grand, France
| | | | - Yasser M. Sabry
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Engineering, ECE Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Diaa Khalil
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Engineering, ECE Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yamin Leprince-Wang
- ESYCOM, CNRS UMR 9007, Université Gustave Eiffel, ESIEE Paris, Noisy-le-Grand, France
| | - Tarik Bourouina
- ESYCOM, CNRS UMR 9007, Université Gustave Eiffel, ESIEE Paris, Noisy-le-Grand, France
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13
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Liu F, Jing D. Optimization of a Fractal Treelike Microchannel Network with Uniform Roughness for Laminar Flow. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Dalei Jing
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai 200093 China
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Gavrilchenko T, Katifori E. Distribution Networks Achieve Uniform Perfusion through Geometric Self-Organization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:078101. [PMID: 34459645 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.078101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A generic flow distribution network typically does not deliver its load at a uniform rate across a service area, instead oversupplying regions near the nutrient source while leaving downstream regions undersupplied. In this Letter we demonstrate how a local adaptive rule coupling tissue growth with nutrient density results in a flow network that self-organizes to deliver nutrients uniformly. This geometric adaptive rule can be generalized and imported to mechanics-based adaptive models to address the effects of spatial gradients in nutrients or growth factors in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Gavrilchenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Eleni Katifori
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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15
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Thermo-hydraulic performance of nanofluids in a bionic fractal microchannel heat sink with traveling-wave fins. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Santos J, Vedula EM, Lai W, Isenberg BC, Lewis DJ, Lang D, Sutherland D, Roberts TR, Harea GT, Wells C, Teece B, Karandikar P, Urban J, Risoleo T, Gimbel A, Solt D, Leazer S, Chung KK, Sukavaneshvar S, Batchinsky AI, Borenstein JT. Toward Development of a Higher Flow Rate Hemocompatible Biomimetic Microfluidic Blood Oxygenator. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:888. [PMID: 34442512 PMCID: PMC8398684 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of microfluidic extracorporeal lung support technologies presents an opportunity to achieve high gas transfer efficiency and improved hemocompatibility relative to the current standard of care in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, a critical challenge in the field is the ability to scale these devices to clinically relevant blood flow rates, in part because the typically very low blood flow in a single layer of a microfluidic oxygenator device requires stacking of a logistically challenging number of layers. We have developed biomimetic microfluidic oxygenators for the past decade and report here on the development of a high-flow (30 mL/min) single-layer prototype, scalable to larger structures via stacking and assembly with blood distribution manifolds. Microfluidic oxygenators were designed with biomimetic in-layer blood distribution manifolds and arrays of parallel transfer channels, and were fabricated using high precision machined durable metal master molds and microreplication with silicone films, resulting in large area gas transfer devices. Oxygen transfer was evaluated by flowing 100% O2 at 100 mL/min and blood at 0-30 mL/min while monitoring increases in O2 partial pressures in the blood. This design resulted in an oxygen saturation increase from 65% to 95% at 20 mL/min and operation up to 30 mL/min in multiple devices, the highest value yet recorded in a single layer microfluidic device. In addition to evaluation of the device for blood oxygenation, a 6-h in vitro hemocompatibility test was conducted on devices (n = 5) at a 25 mL/min blood flow rate with heparinized swine donor blood against control circuits (n = 3). Initial hemocompatibility results indicate that this technology has the potential to benefit future applications in extracorporeal lung support technologies for acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Santos
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Else M. Vedula
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Weixuan Lai
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Brett C. Isenberg
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Diana J. Lewis
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Dan Lang
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - David Sutherland
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Teryn R. Roberts
- Autonomous Reanimation and Evacuation (AREVA) Research Program, The Geneva Foundation, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78006, USA; (T.R.R.); (G.T.H.); (A.I.B.)
| | - George T. Harea
- Autonomous Reanimation and Evacuation (AREVA) Research Program, The Geneva Foundation, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78006, USA; (T.R.R.); (G.T.H.); (A.I.B.)
| | - Christian Wells
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Bryan Teece
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Paramesh Karandikar
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Joseph Urban
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Thomas Risoleo
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Alla Gimbel
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Derek Solt
- Thrombodyne, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA; (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sahar Leazer
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.L.); (K.K.C.)
| | - Kevin K. Chung
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.L.); (K.K.C.)
| | | | - Andriy I. Batchinsky
- Autonomous Reanimation and Evacuation (AREVA) Research Program, The Geneva Foundation, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78006, USA; (T.R.R.); (G.T.H.); (A.I.B.)
| | - Jeffrey T. Borenstein
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
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Abdulla Yusuf H. Analytical Modelling, CFD Simulation, and Experimental Validation of n-butanol-Diesel/Biodiesel Fuel Blends in a Microfluidic System. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Chen YC, Shan SS, Liao YT, Liao YC. Bio-inspired fractal textile device for rapid sweat collection and monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2524-2533. [PMID: 34105558 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00328c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new design concept in sweat collection was developed to achieve rapid and intact sweat sampling for analytical purposes. Textiles with fast water wicking properties were first selected and laser engraved into tree-like bifurcating channels for sweat collection. The fractal framework of the bifurcating textile channels was theoretically derived to minimize the flow resistance for fast sweat absorption. The optimized collector with designed fractal geometry exhibited thorough coverage of emerging droplets without overflow. Great collection efficiency was achieved with a short induction time (<1 minute after perspiration begins) and a maximum sweat collection flux up to 4.0 μL cm-2 min-1 without leakage. After being combined with printed sensors and microchips, the assembled sweat collection/sensing device can simultaneously provide measurements of salt concentration and sweat rate for wireless hydration state monitoring. The collection/sensing system also exhibited fast response times to abrupt changes in sweat rates or concentrations and thus can be used to detect instant physical conditions in exercise. Finally, field tests were performed to demonstrate the reliability and practicality of the device in real-time sweat monitoring under vigorous activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Sin Shan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Liao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Shi S, Li Y, Ngo-Dinh BN, Markmann J, Weissmüller J. Scaling behavior of stiffness and strength of hierarchical network nanomaterials. Science 2021; 371:1026-1033. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd9391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shi
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Mechanics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Mechanics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bao-Nam Ngo-Dinh
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Mechanics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute for Materials, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Markmann
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Mechanics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Weissmüller
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Mechanics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Yang Y, Geng J, Zhang H, Chen C, Li W, Qian Z, Li S. Image-guided simulation in comparison with laser speckle contrast imaging for full-field observation of blood flow in a microvasculature model. Microvasc Res 2021; 133:104092. [PMID: 33007315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro reconstruction of the microvascular network model provides a reproducible platform for hemodynamic study with great biological relevance. In the present study, microvascular models with different parametric features were designed under the guidance of Murray's law and derived from representative natural vascular network topography in vivo. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to numerically simulate blood velocity distributions inside of the designed microvasculature models. Full-field blood flow in the vascular network was visualized in vivo using a laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) system, from which the measured relative velocity was compared with CFD computed flow distribution. The results have shown that, in comparison with the simplified flow patterns obtained from idealized geometries, the irregular vascular topography is expected to lead to nonuniform and poor regional blood velocity distribution. The velocity distribution acquired by in vivo LSCI experiment is in good agreement with that of numerical simulation, indicating the technical feasibility of using biomimetic microchannels as a reasonable approximation of the microcirculatory flow conditions. This study provides a new paradigm that can be well suited to the study of microvascular blood flow properties and can further expand to mimic other in-vivo scenarios for accurately recapitulating the physical and hemodynamic environment of the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
| | - Jinfa Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Chunxiao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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21
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S S, N RA. Simulation of Capillary Hemodynamics and Comparison with Experimental Results of Microphantom Perfusion Weighted Imaging. J Biomed Phys Eng 2020; 10:291-298. [PMID: 32637373 PMCID: PMC7321401 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Perfusion imaging, one of MRI’s techniques, is widely used to test damaged tissues of the body. The parameters used in this technique
include cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT). The MRI scanner contains a device called
a “phantom”, which controls the accuracy of various imaging models. Objective: Our goal is to design and produce a microphantom to control the perfusion-imaging model in MRI scanners. Material and Methods: Firstly, in an analytical study type, we designed the phantom based on Murray’s minimum work rule using AutoCAD software. Next, the phantom
was fabricated using lithography and then imaged using a Siemens Magnetom 3T Prisma MRI scanner at the National Brain Laboratory. Finally,
the velocity and pressure in the capillary network was simulated using COMSOL software. Results: CBF, CBV, and MTT curves for the capillary network were obtained at different times. In addition, the simulations showed that the
velocity and pressure in the capillary network were between 0.0001 and 0.0005 m/s and between 5 and 25 mm/Hg, respectively. Conclusion: The fabricated microphantom was used to simulate the movement of blood within tissues of the body. Different parameters of perfusion imaging
were measured inside the phantom, and they in the phantom were similar to in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurche S
- MSc Student, Physics and Medical Engineering Department, Medical Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Riyahi Alam N
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- PhD, PERFORM Preventive Medicine and Health Care Center, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- PhD, Medical Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (MPRC), the institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Rho HS, Veltkamp HW, Baptista D, Gardeniers H, Le Gac S, Habibović P. A 3D polydimethylsiloxane microhourglass-shaped channel array made by reflowing photoresist structures for engineering a blood capillary network. Methods 2020; 190:63-71. [PMID: 32247048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes an innovative yet straightforward fabrication technique to create three-dimensional microstructures with controllable tapered geometries by combining conventional photolithography and thermal reflow of photoresist. Positive photoresist-based microchannel structures with varying width-to-length ratios were reflowed after their fabrication to generate three-dimensional funnel structures with varying curvatures. A polydimethylsiloxane hourglass-shaped microchannel array was next cast on these photoresist structures, and primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells were cultured in the device to engineer an artificial capillary network. Our work demonstrates that this cost-effective and straightforward fabrication technique has great potential in engineering three-dimensional microstructures for biomedical and biotechnological applications such as blood vessel regeneration strategies, drug screening for vascular diseases, microcolumns for bioseparation, and other fluid dynamic studies at microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Suk Rho
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands; Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research Group, TechMed Institute, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Henk-Willem Veltkamp
- Integrated Devices and Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Baptista
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Han Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research Group, TechMed Institute, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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Kahraman H, Coban A. Performance Improvement of a Single PEM Fuel Cell Using an Innovative Flow Field Design Methodology. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Fang Q, Zhang W, Chen X, Zhang Y, Hu M. Hierarchically porous carbon cages synthesized through in situ migration of templates. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Shen Q, Zhang C, Duan C, Mi S, Zhu C, Fu T, Ma Y. Dynamics and modelling of bubble formation in asymmetric parallel microchannels. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE: X 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2019.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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26
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Wang Z, Mithieux SM, Weiss AS. Fabrication Techniques for Vascular and Vascularized Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900742. [PMID: 31402593 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Impaired or damaged blood vessels can occur at all levels in the hierarchy of vascular systems from large vasculatures such as arteries and veins to meso- and microvasculatures such as arterioles, venules, and capillary networks. Vascular tissue engineering has become a promising approach for fabricating small-diameter vascular grafts for occlusive arteries. Vascularized tissue engineering aims to fabricate meso- and microvasculatures for the prevascularization of engineered tissues and organs. The ideal small-diameter vascular graft is biocompatible, bridgeable, and mechanically robust to maintain patency while promoting tissue remodeling. The desirable fabricated meso- and microvasculatures should rapidly integrate with the host blood vessels and allow nutrient and waste exchange throughout the construct after implantation. A number of techniques used, including engineering-based and cell-based approaches, to fabricate these synthetic vasculatures are herein explored, as well as the techniques developed to fabricate hierarchical structures that comprise multiple levels of vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Suzanne M. Mithieux
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Anthony S. Weiss
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Bosch Institute University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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27
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Dubay R, Lissandrello C, Swierk P, Moore N, Doty D, Fiering J. Scalable high-throughput acoustophoresis in arrayed plastic microchannels. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:034105. [PMID: 31123537 PMCID: PMC6509045 DOI: 10.1063/1.5096190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic acoustophoresis is a label-free technique that isolates a purified product from a complex mixture of cells. This technique is well-studied but thus far has lacked the throughput and device manufacturability needed for many medical and industrial uses. Scale-up of acoustofluidic devices can be more challenging than in other microfluidic systems because the channel walls are integral to the resonant behavior and coupling to neighboring channels can inhibit performance. Additionally, the increased device area needed for parallel channels becomes less practical in the silicon or glass materials usually used for acoustofluidic devices. Here, we report an acoustic separator with 12 parallel channels made entirely from polystyrene that achieves blood cell separation at a flow rate greater than 1 ml/min. We discuss the design and optimization of the device and the electrical drive parameters and compare the separation performance using channels of two different designs. To demonstrate the utility of the device, we test its ability to purify lymphocytes from apheresis product, a process that is critical to new immunotherapies used to treat blood cancers. We process a leukapheresis sample with a volume greater than 100 ml in less than 2 h in a single pass without interruption, achieving greater than 90% purity of lymphocytes, without any prepurification steps. These advances suggest that acoustophoresis could in the future aid in cell therapy bioprocessing and that further scale-up is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dubay
- Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - P Swierk
- Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Moore
- Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Doty
- Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Fiering
- Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Morss Clyne A, Swaminathan S, Díaz Lantada A. Biofabrication strategies for creating microvascular complexity. Biofabrication 2019; 11:032001. [PMID: 30743247 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Design and fabrication of effective biomimetic vasculatures constitutes a relevant and yet unsolved challenge, lying at the heart of tissue repair and regeneration strategies. Even if cell growth is achieved in 3D tissue scaffolds or advanced implants, tissue viability inevitably requires vascularization, as diffusion can only transport nutrients and eliminate debris within a few hundred microns. This engineered vasculature may need to mimic the intricate branching geometry of native microvasculature, referred to herein as vascular complexity, to efficiently deliver blood and recreate critical interactions between the vascular and perivascular cells as well as parenchymal tissues. This review first describes the importance of vascular complexity in labs- and organs-on-chips, the biomechanical and biochemical signals needed to create and maintain a complex vasculature, and the limitations of current 2D, 2.5D, and 3D culture systems in recreating vascular complexity. We then critically review available strategies for design and biofabrication of complex vasculatures in cell culture platforms, labs- and organs-on-chips, and tissue engineering scaffolds, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, challenges and future directions are outlined with the hope of inspiring researchers to create the reliable, efficient and sustainable tools needed for design and biofabrication of complex vasculatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Morss Clyne
- Vascular Kinetics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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29
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Thompson AJ, Ma LJ, Plegue TJ, Potkay JA. Design Analysis and Optimization of a Single-Layer PDMS Microfluidic Artificial Lung. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:1082-1093. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2866782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Grebenyuk S, Ranga A. Engineering Organoid Vascularization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:39. [PMID: 30941347 PMCID: PMC6433749 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of increasingly biomimetic human tissue analogs has been a long-standing goal in two important biomedical applications: drug discovery and regenerative medicine. In seeking to understand the safety and effectiveness of newly developed pharmacological therapies and replacement tissues for severely injured non-regenerating tissues and organs, there remains a tremendous unmet need in generating tissues with both functional complexity and scale. Over the last decade, the advent of organoids has demonstrated that cells have the ability to reorganize into complex tissue-specific structures given minimal inductive factors. However, a major limitation in achieving truly in vivo-like functionality has been the lack of structured organization and reasonable tissue size. In vivo, developing tissues are interpenetrated by and interact with a complex network of vasculature which allows not only oxygen, nutrient and waste exchange, but also provide for inductive biochemical exchange and a structural template for growth. Conversely, in vitro, this aspect of organoid development has remained largely missing, suggesting that these may be the critical cues required for large-scale and more reproducible tissue organization. Here, we review recent technical progress in generating in vitro vasculature, and seek to provide a framework for understanding how such technologies, together with theoretical and developmentally inspired insights, can be harnessed to enhance next generation organoid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Grebenyuk
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Morphogenesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Ranga
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Morphogenesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Lu X, Galarneau MM, Higgins JM, Wood DK. A microfluidic platform to study the effects of vascular architecture and oxygen gradients on sickle blood flow. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28129479 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to develop a model of the microvasculature that would allow us to quantify changes in the rheology of sickle blood as it traverses the varying vessel sizes and oxygen tensions in the microcirculation. We designed and implemented a microfluidic model of the microcirculation that comprises a branching microvascular network and physiologic oxygen gradients. We used computational modeling to determine the parameters necessary to generate stable, linear gradients in our devices. Sickle blood from six unique patients was perfused through the microvascular network and subjected to varying oxygen gradients while we observed and quantified blood flow. We found that all sickle blood samples fully occluded the microvascular network when deoxygenated, and we observed that sickle blood could cause vaso-occlusions under physiologic oxygen gradients during the microvascular transit time. The number of occlusions observed under five unique oxygen gradients varied among the patient samples, but we generally observed that the number of occlusions decreased with increasing inlet oxygen tension. The model system we have developed is a valuable tool to address fundamental questions about where in the circulation sickle-cell vaso-occlusions are most likely to occur and to test new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michelle M Galarneau
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - John M Higgins
- Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David K Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Azzopardi CL, Lacour V, Manceau JF, Barthès M, Bonnet D, Chollet F, Leblois T. A Fluidic Interface with High Flow Uniformity for Reusable Large Area Resonant Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8100308. [PMID: 30400497 PMCID: PMC6190451 DOI: 10.3390/mi8100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Resonant biosensors are known for their high accuracy and high level of miniaturization. However, their fabrication costs prevent them from being used as disposable sensors and their effective commercial success will depend on their ability to be reused repeatedly. Accordingly, all the parts of the sensor in contact with the fluid need to tolerate the regenerative process which uses different chemicals (H3PO4, H2SO4 based baths) without degrading the characteristics of the sensor. In this paper, we propose a fluidic interface that can meet these requirements, and control the liquid flow uniformity at the surface of the vibrating area. We study different inlet and outlet channel configurations, estimating their performance using numerical simulations based on finite element method (FEM). The interfaces were fabricated using wet chemical etching on Si, which has all the desirable characteristics for a reusable biosensor circuit. Using a glass cover, we could observe the circulation of liquid near the active surface, and by using micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV) on large surface area we could verify experimentally the effectiveness of the different designs and compare with simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Louis Azzopardi
- FEMTO-ST Institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, CEDEX, France.
| | - Vivien Lacour
- FEMTO-ST Institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, CEDEX, France.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovations in Technology (3IT), Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Manceau
- FEMTO-ST Institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, CEDEX, France.
| | - Magali Barthès
- FEMTO-ST Institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, CEDEX, France.
| | - Dimitri Bonnet
- FEMTO-ST Institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, CEDEX, France.
| | - Franck Chollet
- FEMTO-ST Institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, CEDEX, France.
| | - Thérèse Leblois
- FEMTO-ST Institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, CEDEX, France.
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Wu W, Manz A. Biocompatibility assay of cellular behavior inside a leaf-inspired biomimetic microdevice at the single-cell level. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by recent studies, we created a biomimetic method to replicate the veinal microvasculature from a natural leaf into a lab-on-a-chip system, which could be further utilized as a biomimetic animal vessel as well as in vessel-derived downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics
- Changchun Institute of Optics
- Fine Mechanics and Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
| | - Andreas Manz
- University of Saarland
- Germany
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe
- Germany
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Alston ME, Barber R. Leaf venation, as a resistor, to optimize a switchable IR absorber. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31611. [PMID: 27554786 PMCID: PMC5009624 DOI: 10.1038/srep31611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf vascular patterns are the mechanisms and mechanical support for the transportation of fluidics for photosynthesis and leaf development properties. Vascular hierarchical networks in leaves have far-reaching functions in optimal transport efficiency of functional fluidics. Embedding leaf morphogenesis as a resistor network is significant in the optimization of a translucent thermally functional material. This will enable regulation through pressure equalization by diminishing flow pressure variation. This paper investigates nature's vasculature networks that exhibit hierarchical branching scaling applied to microfluidics. To enable optimum potential for pressure drop regulation by algorithm design. This code analysis of circuit conduit optimization for transport fluidic flow resistance is validated against CFD simulation, within a closed loop network. The paper will propose this self-optimization, characterization by resistance seeking targeting to determine a microfluidic network as a resistor. To advance a thermally function material as a switchable IR absorber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Barber
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Daresbury, UK
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Computational Analysis of Enhanced Circulating Tumour Cell (CTC) Separation in a Microfluidic System with an Integrated Dielectrophoretic-Magnetophorectic (DEP-MAP) Technique. CHEMOSENSORS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors4030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Stephenson D, Lockerby DA. A generalized optimization principle for asymmetric branching in fluidic networks. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 472:20160451. [PMID: 27493583 PMCID: PMC4971259 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When applied to a branching network, Murray’s law states that the optimal branching of vascular networks is achieved when the cube of the parent channel radius is equal to the sum of the cubes of the daughter channel radii. It is considered integral to understanding biological networks and for the biomimetic design of artificial fluidic systems. However, despite its ubiquity, we demonstrate that Murray’s law is only optimal (i.e. maximizes flow conductance per unit volume) for symmetric branching, where the local optimization of each individual channel corresponds to the global optimum of the network as a whole. In this paper, we present a generalized law that is valid for asymmetric branching, for any cross-sectional shape, and for a range of fluidic models. We verify our analytical solutions with the numerical optimization of a bifurcating fluidic network for the examples of laminar, turbulent and non-Newtonian fluid flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stephenson
- School of Engineering , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Duncan A Lockerby
- School of Engineering , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Esmaeilsabzali H, Beischlag TV, Cox ME, Dechev N, Parameswaran AM, Park EJ. An integrated microfluidic chip for immunomagnetic detection and isolation of rare prostate cancer cells from blood. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Fabrication of circular microfluidic network in enzymatically-crosslinked gelatin hydrogel. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Liao W, Wang N, Wang T, Xu J, Han X, Liu Z, Zhang X, Yu W. Biomimetic microchannels of planar reactors for optimized photocatalytic efficiency of water purification. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014123. [PMID: 26958102 PMCID: PMC4769259 DOI: 10.1063/1.4942947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a biomimetic design of microchannels in the planar reactors with the aim to optimize the photocatalytic efficiency of water purification. Inspired from biology, a bifurcated microchannel has been designed based on the Murray's law to connect to the reaction chamber for photocatalytic reaction. The microchannels are designed to have a constant depth of 50 μm but variable aspect ratios ranging from 0.015 to 0.125. To prove its effectiveness for photocatalytic water purification, the biomimetic planar reactors have been tested and compared with the non-biomimetic ones, showing an improvement of the degradation efficiency by 68%. By employing the finite element method, the flow process of the designed microchannel reactors has been simulated and analyzed. It is found that the biomimetic design owns a larger flow velocity fluctuation than that of the non-biomimetic one, which in turn results in a faster photocatalytic reaction speed. Such a biomimetic design paves the way for the design of more efficient planar reactors and may also find applications in other microfluidic systems that involve the use of microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taisheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics , Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888, Dongnanhu Road, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics , Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888, Dongnanhu Road, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics , Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888, Dongnanhu Road, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics , Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888, Dongnanhu Road, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Weixing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 17, Xinxi Road, Xian 710119, People's Republic of China
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Damiri HS, Bardaweel HK. Numerical design and optimization of hydraulic resistance and wall shear stress inside pressure-driven microfluidic networks. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4187-4196. [PMID: 26351133 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00578g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic networks represent the milestone of microfluidic devices. Recent advancements in microfluidic technologies mandate complex designs where both hydraulic resistance and pressure drop across the microfluidic network are minimized, while wall shear stress is precisely mapped throughout the network. In this work, a combination of theoretical and modeling techniques is used to construct a microfluidic network that operates under minimum hydraulic resistance and minimum pressure drop while constraining wall shear stress throughout the network. The results show that in order to minimize the hydraulic resistance and pressure drop throughout the network while maintaining constant wall shear stress throughout the network, geometric and shape conditions related to the compactness and aspect ratio of the parent and daughter branches must be followed. Also, results suggest that while a "local" minimum hydraulic resistance can be achieved for a geometry with an arbitrary aspect ratio, a "global" minimum hydraulic resistance occurs only when the aspect ratio of that geometry is set to unity. Thus, it is concluded that square and equilateral triangular cross-sectional area microfluidic networks have the least resistance compared to all rectangular and isosceles triangular cross-sectional microfluidic networks, respectively. Precise control over wall shear stress through the bifurcations of the microfluidic network is demonstrated in this work. Three multi-generation microfluidic network designs are considered. In these three designs, wall shear stress in the microfluidic network is successfully kept constant, increased in the daughter-branch direction, or decreased in the daughter-branch direction, respectively. For the multi-generation microfluidic network with constant wall shear stress, the design guidelines presented in this work result in identical profiles of wall shear stresses not only within a single generation but also through all the generations of the microfluidic network under investigation. The results obtained in this work are consistent with previously reported data and suitable for a wide range of lab-on-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Salim Damiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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42
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Poursaid A, Price R, Tiede A, Olson E, Huo E, McGill L, Ghandehari H, Cappello J. In situ gelling silk-elastinlike protein polymer for transarterial chemoembolization. Biomaterials 2015; 57:142-52. [PMID: 25916502 PMCID: PMC4429515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma annually affects over 700,000 people worldwide and trends indicate increasing prevalence. Patients ineligible for surgery undergo loco-regional treatments such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) to selectively target tumoral blood supply. Using a microcatheter, chemotherapeutics are infused followed by an embolic agent, or the drug is encapsulated by the embolic moiety; simultaneously inducing stasis while delivering localized chemotherapy. Presently, several products are used, but no universally accepted system is promoted because very disparate limitations exist. The goal of this investigation was to design and develop in situ gelling recombinant silk-elastinlike protein polymers (SELPs) for TACE. Two SELP compositions, SELP-47K and SELP-815K, with varying lengths of silk and elastin blocks, were investigated to formulate a new embolic that was injectable through commercially available microcatheters. The goal was to develop a composition providing maximal permeation of tumor vasculature while exhibiting effective embolic activity. The SELPs evaluated remain soluble until reaching 37 °C, when irreversible transition ensues forming a solid hydrogel network. SELP-815K formulated at 12% w/w with shear processing demonstrated acceptable rheological properties and clear embolic capability under flow conditions in vitro. A rabbit model showed feasibility of embolization in vivo allowing selective occlusion of lobar hepatic arterial branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Poursaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert Price
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Andrea Tiede
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erik Olson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Eugene Huo
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Lawrence McGill
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Joseph Cappello
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Willrodt C, Karande R, Schmid A, Julsing MK. Guiding efficient microbial synthesis of non-natural chemicals by physicochemical properties of reactants. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 35:52-62. [PMID: 25835779 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent progress in sustainable chemistry and in synthetic biology increased the interest of chemical and pharmaceutical industries to implement microbial processes for chemical synthesis. However, most organisms used in biotechnological applications are not evolved by Nature for the production of hydrophobic, non-charged, volatile, or toxic compounds. In order to overcome this discrepancy, bioprocess design should consist of an integrated approach addressing pathway, cellular, reaction, and process engineering. Highlighting selected examples, we show that surprisingly often Nature provides conceptual solutions to enable chemical synthesis. Complemented by established methods from (bio)chemical and metabolic engineering, these concepts offer potential strategies yet to be explored and translated into innovative technical solutions enabling sustainable microbial production of non-natural chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Willrodt
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rohan Karande
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mattijs K Julsing
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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44
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Jang M, Kwon YJ, Lee NY. Non-photolithographic plastic-mold-based fabrication of cylindrical and multi-tiered poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchannels for biomimetic lab-on-a-chip applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22048c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cylindrical and multi-tiered PDMS microchannels were fabricated from two thermoplastic molds having large difference in glass transition temperatures, and were used for constructing LOC platforms mimicking human microvasculature and liver sinusoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Jang
- Department of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Korea
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of California Irvine
- Irvine
- USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute
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Computational fluid dynamics modelling of microfluidic channel for dielectrophoretic BioMEMS application. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:961301. [PMID: 25136701 PMCID: PMC4129156 DOI: 10.1155/2014/961301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a strategy for optimizing distribution of flow in a typical benchtop microfluidic
chamber for dielectrophoretic application. It is aimed at encouraging uniform flow
velocity along the whole analysis chamber in order to ensure DEP force is evenly applied
to biological particle. Via the study, we have come up with a constructive strategy in
improving the design of microfluidic channel which will greatly facilitate the use of DEP
system in laboratory and primarily focus on the relationship between architecture and
cell distribution, by resorting to the tubular structure of blood vessels. The design was
validated by hydrodynamic flow simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics v4.2a software.
Simulations show that the presence of 2-level bifurcation has developed portioning of
volumetric flow which produced uniform flow across the channel. However, further bifurcation
will reduce the volumetric flow rate, thus causing undesirable deposition of cell
suspension around the chamber. Finally, an improvement of microfluidic design with
rounded corner is proposed to encourage a uniform cell adhesion within the channel.
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46
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Li X, Mearns SM, Martins-Green M, Liu Y. Procedure for the development of multi-depth circular cross-sectional endothelialized microchannels-on-a-chip. J Vis Exp 2013:e50771. [PMID: 24193102 DOI: 10.3791/50771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts have been focused on developing in vitro assays for the study of microvessels because in vivo animal studies are more time-consuming, expensive, and observation and quantification are very challenging. However, conventional in vitro microvessel assays have limitations when representing in vivo microvessels with respect to three-dimensional (3D) geometry and providing continuous fluid flow. Using a combination of photolithographic reflowable photoresist technique, soft lithography, and microfluidics, we have developed a multi-depth circular cross-sectional endothelialized microchannels-on-a-chip, which mimics the 3D geometry of in vivo microvessels and runs under controlled continuous perfusion flow. A positive reflowable photoresist was used to fabricate a master mold with a semicircular cross-sectional microchannel network. By the alignment and bonding of the two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels replicated from the master mold, a cylindrical microchannel network was created. The diameters of the microchannels can be well controlled. In addition, primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded inside the chip showed that the cells lined the inner surface of the microchannels under controlled perfusion lasting for a time period between 4 days to 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University
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Díaz Lantada A, Pareja Sánchez B, Gómez Murillo C, Urbieta Sotillo J. Fractals in tissue engineering: toward biomimetic cell-culture matrices, microsystems and microstructured implants. Expert Rev Med Devices 2013; 10:629-48. [PMID: 23972077 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.2013.827506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a rapidly evolving field in which the complexity of biomaterials and biostructures, with typically non-Euclidean or fractal-like geometries, has to be adequately taken into account for the promotion of enhanced and even personalized diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. This study covers the main applications of fractals in the field of tissue engineering, including their advantages for modeling biological processes and cell-culture procedures, but specially focusing on their benefits for describing the complex geometries and structures of biomaterials (both natural and synthetic), many of which have potential uses for the development of cell culture microsystems, scaffolds for tissue repair and implants for tissue repair in general. We also explore the main supporting design, simulation and manufacturing technologies, as well as the most remarkable difficulties and limitations linked to the generalized use of fractals in engineering design, and also detail some current solution proposals and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Díaz Lantada
- Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing Department, Product Development Laboratory, UPM Machine Engineering Research Group, School of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spain
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Hansen CJ, Saksena R, Kolesky DB, Vericella JJ, Kranz SJ, Muldowney GP, Christensen KT, Lewis JA. High-throughput printing via microvascular multinozzle arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:96-102. [PMID: 23109104 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular multinozzle arrays are designed and fabricated for high-throughput printing of functional materials. Ink-flow uniformity within these multigeneration, bifurcating microchannel arrays is characterized by computer modeling and microscopic particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) measurements. Both single and dual multinozzle printheads are produced to enable rapid printing of multilayered periodic structures over large areas (≈1 m(2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hansen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA
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Huang Z, Li X, Martins-Green M, Liu Y. Microfabrication of cylindrical microfluidic channel networks for microvascular research. Biomed Microdevices 2012; 14:873-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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