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Naghib SM, Mohammad-Jafari K. Microfluidics-mediated Liposomal Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments on Advanced Devices and Technologies. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:1185-1211. [PMID: 38424436 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266286460240220073334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes, spherical particles with phospholipid double layers, have been extensively studied over the years as a means of drug administration. Conventional manufacturing techniques like thin-film hydration and extrusion have limitations in controlling liposome size and distribution. Microfluidics enables superior tuning of parameters during the self-assembly of liposomes, producing uniform populations. This review summarizes microfluidic methods for engineering liposomes, including hydrodynamic flow focusing, jetting, micro mixing, and double emulsions. The precise control over size and lamellarity afforded by microfluidics has advantages for cancer therapy. Liposomes created through microfluidics and designed to encapsulate chemotherapy drugs have exhibited several advantageous properties in cancer treatment. They showcase enhanced permeability and retention effects, allowing them to accumulate specifically in tumor tissues passively. This passive targeting of tumors results in improved drug delivery and efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Promising results have been observed in pancreatic, lung, breast, and ovarian cancer models, making them a potential breakthrough in cancer therapy. Surface-modified liposomes, like antibodies or carbohydrates, also achieve active targeting. Overall, microfluidic fabrication improves reproducibility and scalability compared to traditional methods while maintaining drug loading and biological efficacy. Microfluidics-engineered liposomal formulations hold significant potential to overcome challenges in nanomedicine-based cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kave Mohammad-Jafari
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Bi H, Chen Z, Guo L, Zhang Y, Zeng X, Xu L. Fabrication, modification and application of lipid nanotubes. Chem Phys Lipids 2022; 248:105242. [PMID: 36162593 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The potential application of high aspect-ratio nanomaterials motivates the development of the fabrication and modification of lipid nanotubes(LNTs). To date, diverse fabricate processes and elaborate template procedures have produced suitable tubular architectures with definite dimensions and complex structures for expected functions and applications. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the fabrication of LNTs in vitro and discuss the progress made on the micro/nanomaterials fabrication using LNTs as a template, as well as the functions and possible application of a wide range of LNTs as fundamental or derivative material. In addition, the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of different fabrication, modification methods, and development prospects of LNTs were briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Bi
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Zeqin Chen
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Liuchun Guo
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xinru Zeng
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Liuyi Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
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3
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Zheng W, Xie R, Liang X, Liang Q. Fabrication of Biomaterials and Biostructures Based On Microfluidic Manipulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105867. [PMID: 35072338 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofabrication technologies are of importance for the construction of organ models and functional tissue replacements. Microfluidic manipulation, a promising biofabrication technique with micro-scale resolution, can not only help to realize the fabrication of specific microsized structures but also build biomimetic microenvironments for biofabricated tissues. Therefore, microfluidic manipulation has attracted attention from researchers in the manipulation of particles and cells, biochemical analysis, tissue engineering, disease diagnostics, and drug discovery. Herein, biofabrication based on microfluidic manipulation technology is reviewed. The application of microfluidic manipulation technology in the manufacturing of biomaterials and biostructures with different dimensions and the control of the microenvironment is summarized. Finally, current challenges are discussed and a prospect of microfluidic manipulation technology is given. The authors hope this review can provide an overview of microfluidic manipulation technologies used in biofabrication and thus steer the current efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruoxiao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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4
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Sato W, Zajkowski T, Moser F, Adamala KP. Synthetic cells in biomedical applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1761. [PMID: 34725945 PMCID: PMC8918002 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cells are engineered vesicles that can mimic one or more salient features of life. These features include directed localization, sense-and-respond behavior, gene expression, metabolism, and high stability. In nanomedicine, many of these features are desirable capabilities of drug delivery vehicles but are difficult to engineer. In this focus article, we discuss where synthetic cells offer unique advantages over nanoparticle and living cell therapies. We review progress in the engineering of the above life-like behaviors and how they are deployed in nanomedicine. Finally, we assess key challenges synthetic cells face before being deployed as drugs and suggest ways to overcome these challenges. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Sato
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN US
| | - Tomasz Zajkowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- USRA at NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, 600 1st Avenue, Seattle WA 98104
| | - Felix Moser
- Synlife, Inc., One Kendall Square Suite B4401, Cambridge, MA 20139
| | - Katarzyna P. Adamala
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN US
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5
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Kim J, Eygeris Y, Gupta M, Sahay G. Self-assembled mRNA vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:83-112. [PMID: 33400957 PMCID: PMC7837307 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have evolved from being a mere curiosity to emerging as COVID-19 vaccine front-runners. Recent advancements in the field of RNA technology, vaccinology, and nanotechnology have generated interest in delivering safe and effective mRNA therapeutics. In this review, we discuss design and self-assembly of mRNA vaccines. Self-assembly, a spontaneous organization of individual molecules, allows for design of nanoparticles with customizable properties. We highlight the materials commonly utilized to deliver mRNA, their physicochemical characteristics, and other relevant considerations, such as mRNA optimization, routes of administration, cellular fate, and immune activation, that are important for successful mRNA vaccination. We also examine the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines currently in clinical trials. mRNA vaccines are ready for the clinic, showing tremendous promise in the COVID-19 vaccine race, and have pushed the boundaries of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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6
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Kazoe Y, Mawatari K, Li L, Emon H, Miyawaki N, Chinen H, Morikawa K, Yoshizaki A, Dittrich PS, Kitamori T. Lipid Bilayer-Modified Nanofluidic Channels of Sizes with Hundreds of Nanometers for Characterization of Confined Water and Molecular/Ion Transport. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5756-5762. [PMID: 32633535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water inside and between cells with dimensions on the order of 101-103 nm such as synaptic clefts and mitochondria is thought to be important to biological functions, such as signal transmissions and energy production. However, the characterization of water in such spaces has been difficult owing to the small size and complexity of cellular environments. To this end, we proposed and fabricated a biomimetic nanospace exploiting nanofluidic channels with defined dimensions of hundreds of nanometers and controlled environments. A method of modifying a glass nanochannel with a unilamellar lipid bilayer was developed. We revealed that 2.1-5.6 times higher viscosity of water arises in a 200 nm sized biomimetic nanospace by interactions between water molecules and the lipid bilayer surface and significantly affects the molecular/ion transport that is required for the biological functions. The proposed method provides both a technical breakthrough and new findings to the fields of physical chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kazoe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuma Mawatari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Lixiao Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hisaki Emon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Chinen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyojiro Morikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Takehiko Kitamori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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7
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Huang P, Zhao S, Bachman H, Nama N, Li Z, Chen C, Yang S, Wu M, Zhang SP, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Synthesis of Particulate Nanomaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900913. [PMID: 31592417 PMCID: PMC6774021 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of nanoparticles and particulate nanomaterials with tailored properties is a central step toward many applications ranging from energy conversion and imaging/display to biosensing and nanomedicine. While existing microfluidics-based synthesis methods offer precise control over the synthesis process, most of them rely on passive, partial mixing of reagents, which limits their applicability and potentially, adversely alter the properties of synthesized products. Here, an acoustofluidic (i.e., the fusion of acoustic and microfluidics) synthesis platform is reported to synthesize nanoparticles and nanomaterials in a controllable, reproducible manner through acoustic-streaming-based active mixing of reagents. The acoustofluidic strategy allows for the dynamic control of the reaction conditions simply by adjusting the strength of the acoustic streaming. With this platform, the synthesis of versatile nanoparticles/nanomaterials is demonstrated including the synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan nanoparticles, organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, metal-organic framework biocomposites, and lipid-DNA complexes. The acoustofluidic synthesis platform, when incorporated with varying flow rates, compositions, or concentrations of reagents, will lend itself unprecedented flexibility in establishing various reaction conditions and thus enable the synthesis of versatile nanoparticles and nanomaterials with prescribed properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po‐Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Zhishang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Steven Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
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8
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Has C, Sunthar P. A comprehensive review on recent preparation techniques of liposomes. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:336-365. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1668010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Has
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - P. Sunthar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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9
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10
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Wang X, Liu J, Wang P, deMello A, Feng L, Zhu X, Wen W, Kodzius R, Gong X. Synthesis of Biomaterials Utilizing Microfluidic Technology. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E283. [PMID: 29874840 PMCID: PMC6027171 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, microfluidic technologies have attracted an enormous amount of interest as potential new tools for a large range of applications including materials synthesis, chemical and biological detection, drug delivery and screening, point-of-care diagnostics, and in-the-field analysis. Their ability to handle extremely small volumes of fluids is accompanied by additional benefits, most notably, rapid and efficient mass and heat transfer. In addition, reactions performed within microfluidic systems are highly controlled, meaning that many advanced materials, with uniform and bespoke properties, can be synthesized in a direct and rapid manner. In this review, we discuss the utility of microfluidic systems in the synthesis of materials for a variety of biological applications. Such materials include microparticles or microcapsules for drug delivery, nanoscale materials for medicine or cellular assays, and micro- or nanofibers for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Peizhou Wang
- Advanced Placement of Chemistry Program, International Department, Huzhou New Century Foreign Language School, Huzhou 313100, China.
| | | | - Lingyan Feng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Weijia Wen
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Rimantas Kodzius
- Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department, the American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq.
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Xiuqing Gong
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China.
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11
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Advances in microfluidics for lipid nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles and applications in drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 128:84-100. [PMID: 29567396 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanobiomaterials as liposomes and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most widely used nanocarriers for drug delivery systems (DDSs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes are also expected to be applied as DDS nanocarriers. The performance of nanomedicines relies on their components such as lipids, targeting ligands, encapsulated DNA, encapsulated RNA, and drugs. Recently, the importance of the nanocarrier sizes smaller than 100nm is attracting attention as a means to improve nanomedicine performance. Microfluidics and lab-on-a chip technologies make it possible to produce size-controlled LNPs by a simple continuous flow process and to separate EVs from blood samples by using a surface marker, ligand, or electric charge or by making a mass or particle size discrimination. Here, we overview recent advances in microfluidic devices and techniques for liposomes, LNPs, and EVs and their applications for DDSs.
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12
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Park MC, Sukumar P, Kim SK, Kang JY, Manz A, Kim TS. Selective and vertical microfabrication of lipid tubule arrays on glass substrates using template-guided gentle hydration. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4732-4741. [PMID: 27813541 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Generally, asymmetric tubular lipid structures have been formed under the specific condition of gentle hydration or by using hydrodynamic and/or electrical elongation of vesicular lipid structures. Small-size lipid tubes are, however, very difficult to allocate or align in the vertical direction on the specific site of the substrate and, therefore, the ability to produce them selectively and in large quantities as an array form is limited. Herein, we propose an easy and novel method to fabricate selective and vertical lipid tube arrays using template-guided gentle hydration of dried lipid films without any external forces. A lipid solution was drop-dispensed onto a porous membrane and dried to form a lipid film. Then, the lipid-coated porous membrane was transferred to a glass substrate by using a UV-cured polymer layer to achieve tight bonding. Upon swelling with an appropriate buffer, expansion forces due to osmotic pressure during the gentle hydration process were highly constrained to confined pores, thereby resulting in the nucleation of tube-like lipid structures through the pores. Interestingly, according to the aspect ratio of pores (ARpore, pore length/pore diameter), different shapes of lipid structures, including vesicular, oval, and tube-like, were generated, which indicates the importance of the ARpore, as well as the pore diameter, during fabrication of tubular lipid structures. Also, this approach was easily modified with 1% chitosan to enhance the stability of the lipid tubes (>30 min in life time), by lipid coating twice and by using unsaturated lipids to increase tube length (>30 μm in length). Therefore, in the future, the simple but robust template-guided gentle hydration method will be a useful tool for fabricating addressable and engineered lipid tube arrays as a sensory unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Park
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pavithra Sukumar
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyung Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kang
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Manz
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology in Europe, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tae Song Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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13
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Designing liposomal adjuvants for the next generation of vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:85-96. [PMID: 26576719 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes not only offer the ability to enhance drug delivery, but can effectively act as vaccine delivery systems and adjuvants. Their flexibility in size, charge, bilayer rigidity and composition allow for targeted antigen delivery via a range of administration routes. In the development of liposomal adjuvants, the type of immune response promoted has been linked to their physico-chemical characteristics, with the size and charge of the liposomal particles impacting on liposome biodistribution, exposure in the lymph nodes and recruitment of the innate immune system. The addition of immunostimulatory agents can further potentiate their immunogenic properties. Here, we outline the attributes that should be considered in the design and manufacture of liposomal adjuvants for the delivery of sub-unit and nucleic acid based vaccines.
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14
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Numata M. Supramolecular Chemistry in Microflow Fields: Toward a New Material World of Precise Kinetic Control. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:2574-88. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Numata
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
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15
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Sundar SK, Tirumkudulu MS. Synthesis of Sub-100-nm Liposomes via Hydration in a Packed Bed of Colloidal Particles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402567p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Sundar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Mahesh S. Tirumkudulu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400076, India
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16
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Capretto L, Carugo D, Mazzitelli S, Nastruzzi C, Zhang X. Microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip preparation routes for organic nanoparticles and vesicular systems for nanomedicine applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1496-532. [PMID: 23933616 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, advancements in the fields of microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip technologies have provided unique opportunities for the implementation of nanomaterial production processes owing to the miniaturisation of the fluidic environment. It has been demonstrated that microfluidic reactors offer a range of advantages compared to conventional batch reactors, including improved controllability and uniformity of nanomaterial characteristics. In addition, the fast mixing achieved within microchannels, and the predictability of the laminar flow conditions, can be leveraged to investigate the nanomaterial formation dynamics. In this article recent developments in the field of microfluidic production of nanomaterials for drug delivery applications are reviewed. The features that make microfluidic reactors a suitable technological platform are discussed in terms of controllability of nanomaterials production. An overview of the various strategies developed for the production of organic nanoparticles and colloidal assemblies is presented, focusing on those nanomaterials that could have an impact on nanomedicine field such as drug nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes, polymersomes, polyplexes and hybrid nanoparticles. The effect of microfluidic environment on nanomaterials formation dynamics, as well as the use of microdevices as tools for nanomaterial investigation is also discussed.
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17
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Abstract
Liposome structures have a wide range of applications in biology, biochemistry, and biophysics. As a result, several methods for forming liposomes have been developed. This review provides a critical comparison of existing microfluidic technologies for forming liposomes and, when applicable, a comparison with their analogous macroscale counterparts. The properties of the generated liposomes, including size, size distribution, lamellarity, membrane composition, and encapsulation efficiency, form the basis for comparison. We hope that this critique will allow the reader to make an informed decision as to which method should be used for a given biological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk van Swaay
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Cvetković BZ, Puigmartí-Luis J, Schaffhauser D, Ryll T, Schmid S, Dittrich PS. Confined synthesis and integration of functional materials in sub-nanoliter volumes. ACS NANO 2013; 7:183-190. [PMID: 23211008 DOI: 10.1021/nn303632n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel microchip-based approach to combine the synthesis, characterization, and utilization of different functional materials on a single platform. A two-layer microfluidic device comprising 10 parallel actuated reaction chambers with volumes of a few hundred picoliters is used to localize and confine the synthesis, while the surfaces of the reaction chambers comprise an electrode array for direct integration and further characterization of the created crystalline assemblies without the need for further manipulation or positioning devices. First we visualized and evaluated the dynamics of our method by monitoring the formation of a fluorescent metal-organic complex (Zn(bix)). Next, we induced the site-specific growth of two types of organic conductive crystals, AuTTF and AgTCNQ, directly onto the electrode arrays in one- and two-step reactions, respectively. The performance of the created AgTCNQ crystals as memory elements was thoroughly examined. Moreover, we proved for first time that AuTTF composites can be used as label-free sensing elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Z Cvetković
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Sugihara K, Chami M, Derényi I, Vörös J, Zambelli T. Directed self-assembly of lipid nanotubes from inverted hexagonal structures. ACS NANO 2012; 6:6626-6632. [PMID: 22861494 DOI: 10.1021/nn300557s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conventional lipid-tube formation is based on either a tube phase of certain lipids or the shape transformation of lamellar structures by applying a point load. In the present study, lipid blocks in inverted hexagonal phase made of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) were shown to protrude lipid nanotubes upon a fluid-dynamic flow on polyelectrolyte-functionalized surfaces in physiological buffer solution. The outer diameter of the tubes is 19.1 ± 4.5 nm and their lengths are up to several hundred micrometers. The method described enables the alignment and patterning of lipid nanotubes into various (including curvy) shapes with a microfluidic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sugihara
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Matosevic S. Synthesizing artificial cells from giant unilamellar vesicles: State-of-the art in the development of microfluidic technology. Bioessays 2012; 34:992-1001. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Choi CH, Yi H, Hwang S, Weitz DA, Lee CS. Microfluidic fabrication of complex-shaped microfibers by liquid template-aided multiphase microflow. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1477-83. [PMID: 21390381 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00711k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a simple microfluidic approach to the rapid fabrication of complex-shaped microfibers (e.g., single hollow, double hollow, and microbelt), with highly uniform structures, based on a combination of the spontaneous formation of polymeric jet streams and in situ photopolymerization. Two laminar flows of a photocurable fluid and a liquid template (nonpolymerizing fluid) spontaneously form jet streams in equilibrium states in microfluidic channels because of the minimization of the interfacial energy between the two fluids. The formation of the jet streams strongly depends on the spreading coefficients and the evolution time along the downstream of the microfluidic system. Thus, the simple control of the spreading coefficients can guide microfibers into various shapes. The sizes of the core and shell of the hollow fibers can also be readily manipulated by the flow rates of the polymerizing fluid and the liquid template phase. Asymmetric hollow fibers can also be produced in different evolutionary states in the microfluidic system. The microfluidic approach shown here represents a significant step toward the easy fabrication of microfibers with readily controllable structures and geometries. We anticipate that this novel fabrication approach and the prediction method based on spreading coefficients presented in this work can be applied to produce a wide variety of functional microfibrous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hyung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, South Korea
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Puigmartí-Luis J, Rubio-Martínez M, Hartfelder U, Imaz I, Maspoch D, Dittrich PS. Coordination Polymer Nanofibers Generated by Microfluidic Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4216-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110834j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Puigmartí-Luis
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Rubio-Martínez
- CIN2(ICN-CSIC), Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Urs Hartfelder
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inhar Imaz
- CIN2(ICN-CSIC), Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- CIN2(ICN-CSIC), Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Puigmartí-Luis J, Schaffhauser D, Burg BR, Dittrich PS. A microfluidic approach for the formation of conductive nanowires and hollow hybrid structures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:2255-2259. [PMID: 20376849 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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24
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Thiele J, Steinhauser D, Pfohl T, Förster S. Preparation of monodisperse block copolymer vesicles via flow focusing in microfluidics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:6860-6863. [PMID: 20121049 DOI: 10.1021/la904163v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that microfluidic flow devices enable a rapid, continuous, well-reproducible and size-controlled preparation of unilamellar block copolymer vesicles. The PDMS-based microfluidic device consists of perpendicularly crossed channels allowing hydrodynamic flow focusing of an ethanolic block copolymer solution in a stream of water. By altering the flow rate ratio in the water and ethanolic inlet channels, the vesicle size can be tuned over a large size range from 40 nm to 2 microm without subsequent processing steps manipulating size and shell characteristics. The ability of tuning the vesicle mean size over a range of several orders of magnitude with the possibility of in situ encapsulation of active ingredients creates new opportunities for the preparation of tailored drug delivery systems in science, medicine and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Thiele
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Jahn A, Stavis SM, Hong JS, Vreeland WN, DeVoe DL, Gaitan M. Microfluidic mixing and the formation of nanoscale lipid vesicles. ACS NANO 2010; 4:2077-2087. [PMID: 20356060 DOI: 10.1021/nn901676x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the formation of unilamellar lipid vesicles (liposomes) with diameters of tens of nanometers by controlled microfluidic mixing and nanoparticle determination (COMMAND). Our study includes liposome synthesis experiments and numerical modeling of our microfluidic implementation of the batch solvent injection method. We consider microfluidic liposome formation from the perspective of fluid interfaces and convective-diffusive mixing, as we find that bulk fluid flow parameters including hydrodynamically focused alcohol stream width, final alcohol concentration, and shear stress do not primarily determine the vesicle formation process. Microfluidic device geometry in conjunction with hydrodynamic flow focusing strongly influences vesicle size distributions, providing a coarse method to control liposome size, while total flow rate allows fine-tuning the vesicle size in certain focusing regimes. Although microfluidic liposome synthesis is relatively simple to implement experimentally, numerical simulations of the mixing process reveal a complex system of fluid flow and mass transfer determining the formation of nonequilibrium vesicles. These results expand our understanding of the microfluidic environment that controls liposome self-assembly and yield several technological advances for the on-chip synthesis of nanoscale lipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jahn
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Semiconductor Electronics Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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26
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Zhang C, Xing D. Single-Molecule DNA Amplification and Analysis Using Microfluidics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4910-47. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900081z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunsun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Walde P, Cosentino K, Engel H, Stano P. Giant Vesicles: Preparations and Applications. Chembiochem 2010; 11:848-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Saito H, Kato Y, Le Berre M, Yamada A, Inoue T, Yosikawa K, Baigl D. Time-resolved tracking of a minimum gene expression system reconstituted in giant liposomes. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1640-3. [PMID: 19533718 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Individual expression: We describe a method that allows the observation of real-time gene expression in a large number of individual giant liposomes encapsulating identical genetic material. We followed the gene expression profiles from DNA and mRNA templates coding for different proteins. Although the average profiles of individual liposomes were similar to those measured in bulk solution, strong variability between individual liposomes was observed at both transcription and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohide Saito
- Department of Gene Mechanisms, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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29
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Ohno KI, Tachikawa K, Manz A. Microfluidics: Applications for analytical purposes in chemistry and biochemistry. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4443-53. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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West J, Manz A, Dittrich PS. Massively parallel production of lipid microstructures. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1852-5. [PMID: 18941685 DOI: 10.1039/b811448j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe a simple and inexpensive microfluidic system for the production of lipid tubules and vesicles. The system incorporates a central microporous membrane for interfacing lipid films with aqueous flows. Hydrodynamic drag was used for the parallel elongation of high axial ratio lipid tubules with uniform 1.5 +/- 0.5 microm diameters. Alternatively, electrokinetic operation was used for the rapid and continuous production of vast numbers of lipid vesicles with diameters ranging from 1 to 3 microm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan West
- Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, D-44139, Dortmund, Germany
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31
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West J, Manz A, Dittrich PS. Lipid nanotubule fabrication by microfluidic tweezing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6754-6758. [PMID: 18503287 DOI: 10.1021/la8004823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
There is currently great interest in the development of lipid enclosed systems with complex geometrical arrangements that mimic cellular compartments. With biochemical functionalization, these soft matter devices can be used to probe deeper into life's transport dominated biochemical operations. In this paper, we present a novel tool for machining lipid nanotubules by microfluidic tweezing. A bilayer poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) device was designed with a lipid reservoir that was loaded by capillary action for lipid film deposition. The lipid reservoir is vertically separated from an upper flow for controlled material wetting and the formation of giant tubule bodies. Three fluidic paths are interfaced for introduction of the giant tubules into the high velocity center of a parabolic flow profile for exposure to hydrodynamic shear stresses. At local velocities approximating 2 mm s (-1), a 300-500 nm diameter jet of lipid material was tweezed from the giant tubule body and elongated with the flow. The high velocity flow provides uniform drag for the rapid and continuous fabrication of lipid nanotubules with tremendous axial ratios. Below a critical velocity, a remarkable shape transformation occurred and the projected lipid tubule grew until a constant 3.6 mum diameter tubule was attained. These lipid tubules could be wired for the construction of advanced lifelike bioreactor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan West
- Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
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32
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Sugiura S, Kuroiwa T, Kagota T, Nakajima M, Sato S, Mukataka S, Walde P, Ichikawa S. Novel method for obtaining homogeneous giant vesicles from a monodisperse water-in-oil emulsion prepared with a microfluidic device. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:4581-4588. [PMID: 18376890 DOI: 10.1021/la703509r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel technique called the "lipid-coated ice droplet hydration method" is presented for the preparation of giant vesicles with a controlled size between 4 and 20 microm and entrapment yields for water-soluble molecules of up to about 30%. The method consists of three main steps. In the first step, a monodisperse water-in-oil emulsion with a predetermined average droplet diameter between 4 and 20 microm is prepared by microchannel emulsification, using sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and stearylamine as emulsifiers and hexane as oil. In the second step, the water droplets of the emulsion are frozen and separated from the supernatant hexane solution by precipitation, followed by a removal of the supernatant and followed by the replacement of Span 80 by using a hexane solution containing egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and stearylamine (5:5:1, molar ratio). This procedure is performed at -10 degrees C to keep the water droplets of the emulsion in a frozen state and thereby to avoid extensive water droplet coalescence. In the third step, hexane is evaporated at -4 to -7 degrees C and an external water phase is added to the remaining mixture of lipids and water droplets to form giant vesicles that have an average size in the range of that of the initial emulsion droplets (4-20 microm). The entrapment yield and the lamellarity of the vesicles obtained depend on the lipid/water droplet ratio and on the composition of the external water phase. At high lipid/water droplet ratio, the giant vesicles have a thicker membrane (indicating multilamellarity) and a higher entrapment yield than in the case of a low lipid/water droplet ratio. The highest entrapment yield ( approximately 35%) is obtained if the added external water phase contains preformed unilamellar egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles with an average diameter of 50 nm. The addition of these small vesicles minimizes the water droplet coalescence during the third step of the vesicle preparation, thereby decreasing the extent of release of water-soluble molecules originally present in the water droplets. The GVs prepared can be extruded through polycarbonate membranes to yield large unilamellar vesicles with about 100 nm diameter. This size reduction, however, leads to a decrease in the entrapment yield to about 12% due to solute leakage from the vesicles during the extrusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sugiura
- Food Engineering Division, National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
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33
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Zhao Y, Fang J. Direct printing of self-assembled lipid tubules on substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:5113-5117. [PMID: 18366227 DOI: 10.1021/la703634t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipid tubules formed by rolled-up bilayer sheets have shown promise in drug delivery systems, nanofluidics, and microelectronics. Here we report a method for directly printing lipid tubules on substrates. Preformed lipid tubules of 1,2-bis(tricosa-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine are aligned in the recessed channels of a thin poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp. The aligned lipid tubules then serve as an "ink" for microcontact printing. We demonstrate that two-dimensional (2-D) arrays of aligned lipid tubules can be transferred onto planar, patterned, and curved substrates from the recessed channels of the PDMS stamp by bringing the tubule-inked PDMS stamp into contact with these substrates. We show that the 2-D array of aligned lipid tubules can be transcribed into a 2-D array of aligned silica cylinders through templated sol-gel condensation of tetraethoxysilane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center and Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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Abstract
We consider an ancient protein, and water as a smooth surface, and show that the interaction of the two allows the protein to change its hydrogen bonding to encapsulate the water. This property could have made a three-dimensional microenvironment, 3-4 Gyr ago, for the evolution of subsequent complex water-based chemistry. Proteolipid, subunit c of ATP synthase, when presented with a water surface, changes its hydrogen bonding from an alpha-helix to beta-sheet-like configuration and moves away from its previous association with lipid to interact with water surface molecules. Protein sheets with an intra-sheet backbone spacing of 3.7A and inter-sheet spacing of 6.0 A hydrogen bond into long ribbons or continuous surfaces to completely encapsulate a water droplet. The resulting morphology is a spherical vesicle or a hexagonal crystal of water ice, encased by a skin of subunit c. Electron diffraction shows the crystals to be highly ordered and compressed and the protein skin to resemble beta-sheets. The protein skin can retain the entrapped water over a temperature rise from 123 to 223 K at 1 x 10(-4) Pa, whereas free water starts to sublime significantly at 153 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E M McGeoch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Le Berre M, Yamada A, Reck L, Chen Y, Baigl D. Electroformation of giant phospholipid vesicles on a silicon substrate: advantages of controllable surface properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:2643-9. [PMID: 18278963 DOI: 10.1021/la703391q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the use of silicon (Si) as a substrate for the electroformation of giant phospholipid vesicles. By taking advantage of the tunability of silicon surface properties, we varied the organization of the phospholipid film on the electrode and studied the consequences on vesicle formation. In particular, we investigated the effects of Si surface chemistry and microtopology on the organization of the phospholipid film and the properties of the final vesicles. We established correlations between chemical homogeneity, film defects, and resulting vesicle size distribution. By considering phospholipid films that are artificially fragmented by electrode microstructures, we showed that the characteristic size of vesicles decreases with a decrease in microstructure dimensions. We finally proposed a way to control the vesicle size distribution by using a micropatterned silicon dioxide layer on a Si substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Le Berre
- Department of Chemistry, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris F-75005, France
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Yamada A, Le Berre M, Yoshikawa K, Baigl D. Spontaneous generation of giant liposomes from an oil/water interface. Chembiochem 2008; 8:2215-8. [PMID: 17960744 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yamada
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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37
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Tan YC, Shen AQ, Li Y, Elson E, Ma L. Engineering lipid tubules using nano-sized building blocks: the combinatorial self-assembly of vesicles. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:339-345. [PMID: 18231675 DOI: 10.1039/b713930f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized lipid vesicles with tailored properties have been used as building blocks to generate lipid tubules between two glass surfaces. The tubules formed not only have defined orientation, width, and length, but they can also grow to be as long as 13 mm under ambient conditions, without externally supplied flow, temperature control, or catalyzing agents. Tubule membrane and its internal aqueous content can be manipulated by controlling the combination of different vesicle's lipid composition and aqueous entrapment. This self-assembly process opens up new pathways for generating complicated and flexible architectures for use in biocompatible molecular and supramolecular engineering. We demonstrated these possibilities by generating tubules encapsulated with siRNA, tubules with multiple branches, and polymerized fluorescent tubules in a single-throughput self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chieh Tan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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Jesorka A, Orwar O. Liposomes: technologies and analytical applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:801-32. [PMID: 20636098 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are structurally and functionally some of the most versatile supramolecular assemblies in existence. Since the beginning of active research on lipid vesicles in 1965, the field has progressed enormously and applications are well established in several areas, such as drug and gene delivery. In the analytical sciences, liposomes serve a dual purpose: Either they are analytes, typically in quality-assessment procedures of liposome preparations, or they are functional components in a variety of new analytical systems. Liposome immunoassays, for example, benefit greatly from the amplification provided by encapsulated markers, and nanotube-interconnected liposome networks have emerged as ultrasmall-scale analytical devices. This review provides information about new developments in some of the most actively researched liposome-related topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Jesorka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
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39
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Fang J. Ordered arrays of self-assembled lipid tubules: fabrication and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b705350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Dittrich PS, Tachikawa K, Manz A. Micro Total Analysis Systems. Latest Advancements and Trends. Anal Chem 2006; 78:3887-908. [PMID: 16771530 DOI: 10.1021/ac0605602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra S Dittrich
- Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
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