1
|
Kaster MA, Caldwell MA, Meade TJ. Development of Ln(III) Derivatives as 19F Parashift Probes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9877-9887. [PMID: 38748735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
19F parashift probes with paramagnetically shifted reporter nuclei provide attractive platforms to develop molecular imaging probes. These probes enable ratiometric detection of molecular disease markers using a direct detection technique. Here, we describe a series of trivalent lanthanide (Ln(III)) complexes that are structural analogues of the clinically approved MR contrast agent (CA) ProHance to obtain LnL 19F parashift probes. We evaluated trans-gadolinium paramagnetic lanthanides compared to diamagnetic YL for 19F chemical shift and relaxation rate enhancement. The paramagnetic contribution to chemical shift (δPCS) for paramagnetic LnL exhibited either shifts to lower frequency (δPCS < 0 for TbL, DyL, and HoL) or shifts to higher frequency (δPCS > 0 for ErL, TmL, and YbL) compared to YL 19F spectroscopic signal. Zero-echo time pulse sequences achieved 56-fold sensitivity enhancement for DyL over YL, while developing probe-specific pulse sequences with fast delay times and acquisition times achieved 0.6-fold enhancement in limit of detection for DyL. DyL provides an attractive platform to develop 19F parashift probes for ratiometric detection of enzymatic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Kaster
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael A Caldwell
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin L, Mao Z. Living virus-based nanohybrids for biomedical applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1923. [PMID: 37619605 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Living viruses characterized by distinctive biological functions including specific targeting, gene invasion, immune modulation, and so forth have been receiving intensive attention from researchers worldwide owing to their promising potential for producing numerous theranostic modalities against diverse pathological conditions. Nevertheless, concerns during applications, such as rapid immune clearance, altering immune activation modes, insufficient gene transduction efficiency, and so forth, highlight the crucial issues of excessive therapeutic doses and the associated biosafety risks. To address these concerns, synthetic nanomaterials featuring unique physical/chemical properties are frequently exploited as efficient drug delivery vehicles or treatments in biomedical domains. By constant endeavor, researchers nowadays can create adaptable living virus-based nanohybrids (LVN) that not only overcome the limitations of virotherapy, but also combine the benefits of natural substances and nanotechnology to produce novel and promising therapeutic and diagnostic agents. In this review, we discuss the fundamental physiochemical properties of the viruses, and briefly outline the basic construction methodologies of LVN. We then emphasize their distinct diagnostic and therapeutic performances for various diseases. Furthermore, we survey the foreseeable challenges and future perspectives in this interdisciplinary area to offer insights. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Azizi M, Shahgolzari M, Fathi-Karkan S, Ghasemi M, Samadian H. Multifunctional plant virus nanoparticles: An emerging strategy for therapy of cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1872. [PMID: 36450366 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy requires sophisticated treatment strategies to obtain the highest success. Nanotechnology is enabling, revolutionizing, and multidisciplinary concepts to improve conventional cancer treatment modalities. Nanomaterials have a central role in this scenario, explaining why various nanomaterials are currently being developed for cancer therapy. Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) have shown promising performance in cancer therapy due to their unique features. VNPs possess morphological homogeneity, ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and high absorption efficiency that are beneficial for cancer therapy applications. In the current review paper, we highlight state-of-the-art properties and potentials of plant viruses, strategies for multifunctional plant VNPs formulations, potential applications and challenges in VNPs-based cancer therapy, and finally practical solutions to bring potential cancer therapy one step closer to real applications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azizi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sonia Fathi-Karkan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shahgolzari M, Venkataraman S, Osano A, Akpa PA, Hefferon K. Plant Virus Nanoparticles Combat Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1278. [PMID: 37631846 PMCID: PMC10459942 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant virus nanoparticles (PVNPs) have garnered considerable interest as a promising nanotechnology approach to combat cancer. Owing to their biocompatibility, stability, and adjustable surface functionality, PVNPs hold tremendous potential for both therapeutic and imaging applications. The versatility of PVNPs is evident from their ability to be tailored to transport a range of therapeutic agents, including chemotherapy drugs, siRNA, and immunomodulators, thereby facilitating targeted delivery to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, PVNPs may be customized with targeting ligands to selectively bind to cancer cell receptors, reducing off-target effects. Additionally, PVNPs possess immunogenic properties and can be engineered to exhibit tumor-associated antigens, thereby stimulating anti-tumor immune responses. In conclusion, the potential of PVNPs as a versatile platform for fighting cancer is immense, and further research is required to fully explore their potential and translate them into clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Srividhya Venkataraman
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Anne Osano
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, MD 20715, USA
| | - Paul Achile Akpa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van der Ven AM, Gyamfi H, Suttisansanee U, Ahmad MS, Su Z, Taylor RM, Poole A, Chiorean S, Daub E, Urquhart T, Honek JF. Molecular Engineering of E. coli Bacterioferritin: A Versatile Nanodimensional Protein Cage. Molecules 2023; 28:4663. [PMID: 37375226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, intense interest is focused on the discovery and application of new multisubunit cage proteins and spherical virus capsids to the fields of bionanotechnology, drug delivery, and diagnostic imaging as their internal cavities can serve as hosts for fluorophores or bioactive molecular cargo. Bacterioferritin is unusual in the ferritin protein superfamily of iron-storage cage proteins in that it contains twelve heme cofactors and is homomeric. The goal of the present study is to expand the capabilities of ferritins by developing new approaches to molecular cargo encapsulation employing bacterioferritin. Two strategies were explored to control the encapsulation of a diverse range of molecular guests compared to random entrapment, a predominant strategy employed in this area. The first was the inclusion of histidine-tag peptide fusion sequences within the internal cavity of bacterioferritin. This approach allowed for the successful and controlled encapsulation of a fluorescent dye, a protein (fluorescently labeled streptavidin), or a 5 nm gold nanoparticle. The second strategy, termed the heme-dependent cassette strategy, involved the substitution of the native heme with heme analogs attached to (i) fluorescent dyes or (ii) nickel-nitrilotriacetate (NTA) groups (which allowed for controllable encapsulation of a histidine-tagged green fluorescent protein). An in silico docking approach identified several small molecules able to replace the heme and capable of controlling the quaternary structure of the protein. A transglutaminase-based chemoenzymatic approach to surface modification of this cage protein was also accomplished, allowing for future nanoparticle targeting. This research presents novel strategies to control a diverse set of molecular encapsulations and adds a further level of sophistication to internal protein cavity engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton M van der Ven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hawa Gyamfi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad S Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhengding Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Robert M Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Amanda Poole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sorina Chiorean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Daub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Taylor Urquhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan B, Liu Y, Lv M, Sui Y, Hou S, Yang T, Belhadj Z, Zhou Y, Chang N, Ren Y, Sun C. Virus-like particle-based nanocarriers as an emerging platform for drug delivery. J Drug Target 2023; 31:433-455. [PMID: 36940208 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2193358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
New nanocarrier technologies are emerging, and they have great potential for improving drug delivery, targeting efficiency, and bioavailability. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are natural nanoparticles from animal and plant viruses and bacteriophages. Hence, VLPs present several great advantages, such as morphological uniformity, biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and easy functionalisation. VLPs can deliver many active ingredients to the target tissue and have great potential as a nanocarrier to overcome the limitations associated with other nanoparticles. This review will focus primarily on the construction and applications of VLPs, particularly as a novel nanocarrier to deliver active ingredients. Herein, the main methods for the construction, purification, and characterisation of VLPs, as well as various VLP-based materials used in delivery systems are summarised. The biological distribution of VLPs in drug delivery, phagocyte-mediated clearance, and toxicity are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yilei Sui
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shenghua Hou
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Tinghui Yang
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zakia Belhadj
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Naidan Chang
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, tianjin, 300000, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gadroy C, Boukraa R, Battaglini N, Le Derf F, Mofaddel N, Vieillard J, Piro B. An Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Detection of Gadolinium(III) in Aqueous Media. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:363. [PMID: 36979575 PMCID: PMC10046572 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistor is developed for Gd3+ ion detection in water. The source and drain electrodes of the transistor are fabricated by photolithography on polyimide, while the graphene channel is obtained by inkjet-printing a graphene oxide ink subsequently electro-reduced to give reduced graphene oxide. The Gd3+-selective ligand DOTA is functionalized by an alkyne linker to be grafted by click chemistry on a gold electrode without losing its affinity for Gd3+. The synthesis route is fully described, and the ligand, the linker and the functionalized surface are characterized by electrochemical analysis and spectroscopy. The as functionalized electrode is used as gate in the graphene transistor so to modulate the source-drain current as a function of its potential, which is itself modulated by the concentration of Gd3+captured on the gate surface. The obtained sensor is able to quantify Gd3+ even in a sample containing several other potentially interfering ions such as Ni2+, Ca2+, Na+ and In3+. The quantification range is from 1 pM to 10 mM, with a sensitivity of 20 mV dec-1 expected for a trivalent ion. This paves the way for Gd3+ quantification in hospital or industrial wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Gadroy
- Université de Rouen-Normandie, Campus d’Evreux, UMR-CNRS 6014, F-27000 Evreux, France
| | - Rassen Boukraa
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Franck Le Derf
- Université de Rouen-Normandie, Campus d’Evreux, UMR-CNRS 6014, F-27000 Evreux, France
| | - Nadine Mofaddel
- Université de Rouen-Normandie, Campus d’Evreux, UMR-CNRS 6014, F-27000 Evreux, France
| | - Julien Vieillard
- Université de Rouen-Normandie, Campus d’Evreux, UMR-CNRS 6014, F-27000 Evreux, France
| | - Benoît Piro
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, F-75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaster M, Levasseur MD, Edwardson TGW, Caldwell MA, Hofmann D, Licciardi G, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Hilvert D, Meade TJ. Engineered Nonviral Protein Cages Modified for MR Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:591-602. [PMID: 36626688 PMCID: PMC9945100 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic medical imaging utilizes magnetic resonance (MR) to provide anatomical, functional, and molecular information in a single scan. Nanoparticles are often labeled with Gd(III) complexes to amplify the MR signal of contrast agents (CAs) with large payloads and high proton relaxation efficiencies (relaxivity, r1). This study examined the MR performance of two structurally unique cages, AaLS-13 and OP, labeled with Gd(III). The cages have characteristics relevant for the development of theranostic platforms, including (i) well-defined structure, symmetry, and size; (ii) the amenability to extensive engineering; (iii) the adjustable loading of therapeutically relevant cargo molecules; (iv) high physical stability; and (v) facile manufacturing by microbial fermentation. The resulting conjugates showed significantly enhanced proton relaxivity (r1 = 11-18 mM-1 s-1 at 1.4 T) compared to the Gd(III) complex alone (r1 = 4 mM-1 s-1). Serum phantom images revealed 107% and 57% contrast enhancements for Gd(III)-labeled AaLS-13 and OP cages, respectively. Moreover, proton nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (1H NMRD) profiles showed maximum relaxivity values of 50 mM-1 s-1. Best-fit analyses of the 1H NMRD profiles attributed the high relaxivity of the Gd(III)-labeled cages to the slow molecular tumbling of the conjugates and restricted local motion of the conjugated Gd(III) complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan
A. Kaster
- Departments
of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Mikail D. Levasseur
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas G. W. Edwardson
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Caldwell
- Departments
of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Daniela Hofmann
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Licciardi
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Departments
of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wijesundara YH, Herbert FC, Kumari S, Howlett T, Koirala S, Trashi O, Trashi I, Al-Kharji NM, Gassensmith JJ. Rip it, stitch it, click it: A Chemist's guide to VLP manipulation. Virology 2022; 577:105-123. [PMID: 36343470 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are some of nature's most ubiquitous self-assembled molecular containers. Evolutionary pressures have created some incredibly robust, thermally, and enzymatically resistant carriers to transport delicate genetic information safely. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are human-engineered non-infectious systems that inherit the parent virus' ability to self-assemble under controlled conditions while being non-infectious. VLPs and plant-based viral nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular in medicine as their self-assembly properties are exploitable for applications ranging from diagnostic tools to targeted drug delivery. Understanding the basic structure and principles underlying the assembly of higher-order structures has allowed researchers to disassemble (rip it), reassemble (stitch it), and functionalize (click it) these systems on demand. This review focuses on the current toolbox of strategies developed to manipulate these systems by ripping, stitching, and clicking to create new technologies in the biomedical space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Thomas Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Shailendra Koirala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Orikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Noora M Al-Kharji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Edwardson TGW, Levasseur MD, Tetter S, Steinauer A, Hori M, Hilvert D. Protein Cages: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9145-9197. [PMID: 35394752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that self-assemble into polyhedral shell-like structures are useful molecular containers both in nature and in the laboratory. Here we review efforts to repurpose diverse protein cages, including viral capsids, ferritins, bacterial microcompartments, and designed capsules, as vaccines, drug delivery vehicles, targeted imaging agents, nanoreactors, templates for controlled materials synthesis, building blocks for higher-order architectures, and more. A deep understanding of the principles underlying the construction, function, and evolution of natural systems has been key to tailoring selective cargo encapsulation and interactions with both biological systems and synthetic materials through protein engineering and directed evolution. The ability to adapt and design increasingly sophisticated capsid structures and functions stands to benefit the fields of catalysis, materials science, and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan Tetter
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Steinauer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mao Hori
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nkanga CI, Chung YH, Shukla S, Zhou J, Jokerst JV, Steinmetz NF. The in vivo fate of tobacco mosaic virus nanoparticle theranostic agents modified by the addition of a polydopamine coat. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7134-7150. [PMID: 34591046 PMCID: PMC8600448 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) have multiple advantages over their synthetic counterparts including the cost-effective large-scale manufacturing of uniform particles that are easy to functionalize. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one of the most promising VNP scaffolds, reflecting its high aspect ratio and ability to carry and/or display multivalent therapeutic ligands and contrast agents. Here we investigated the circulation, protein corona, immunogenicity, and organ distribution/clearance of TMV particles internally co-labeled with cyanine 5 (Cy5) and chelated gadolinium (Gd) for dual tracking by fluorescence imaging and optical emission spectrometry, with or without an external coating of polydopamine (PDA) to confer photothermal and photoacoustic capabilities. The PDA-coated particles (Gd-Cy5-TMV-PDA) showed a shorter plasma circulation time and broader distribution to organs of the reticuloendothelial system (liver, lungs, and spleen) than uncoated Gd-Cy5-TMV particles (liver and spleen only). The Gd-Cy5-TMV-PDA particles were surrounded by 2-10-fold greater protein corona (containing mainly immunoglobulins) compared to Gd-Cy5-TMV particles. However, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that PDA-coated particles bind 2-fold lesser to anti-TMV antibodies elicited by particle injection than uncoated particles, suggesting that the PDA coat enables evasion from systemic antibody surveillance. Gd-Cy5-TMV-PDA particles were cleared from organs after 8 days compared to 5 days for the uncoated particles. The slower tissue clearance of the coated particles makes them ideal for theranostic applications by facilitating sustained local delivery in addition to multimodal imaging and photothermal capabilities. We have demonstrated the potential of PDA-coated proteinaceous nanoparticles for multiple biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Isalomboto Nkanga
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
| | - Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Szyszka TN, Jenner EN, Tasneem N, Lau YH. Molecular Display on Protein Nanocompartments: Design Strategies and Systems Applications. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N. Szyszka
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Eric N. Jenner
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Nuren Tasneem
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aljabali AAA, Al Zoubi MS, Al-Batayneh KM, Pardhi DM, Dua K, Pal K, Tambuwala MM. Innovative Applications of Plant Viruses in Drug Targeting and Molecular Imaging- A Review. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:491-506. [PMID: 33030133 DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666201007160243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nature had already engineered various types of nanoparticles (NPs), especially viruses, which can deliver their cargo to the host/targeted cells. The ability to selectively target specific cells offers a significant advantage over the conventional approach. Numerous organic NPs, including native protein cages, virus-like particles, polymeric saccharides, and liposomes, have been used for the preparation of nanoparticles. Such nanomaterials have demonstrated better performance as well as improved biocompatibility, devoid of side effects, and stable without any deterioration. OBJECTIVE This review discusses current clinical and scientific research on naturally occurring nanomaterials. It also illustrates and updates the tailor-made approaches for selective delivery and targeted medications that require a high-affinity interconnection to the targeted cells. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed using keywords for viral nanoparticles, viral particles for drug delivery, viral nanoparticles for molecular imaging, theranostics applications of viral nanoparticles and plant viruses in nanomedicine. We searched on Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, Medline, and Elsevier from 2000 till date and by the bibliographic review of all identified articles. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that structures dependent on nanomaterials might have potential applications in diagnostics, cell marking, comparing agents (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), and antimicrobial drugs, as well as drug delivery structures. However, measures should be taken in order to prevent or mitigate, in pharmaceutical or medical applications, the toxic impact or incompatibility of nanoparticle-based structures with biological systems. CONCLUSION The review provided an overview of the latest advances in nanotechnology, outlining the difficulties and the advantages of in vivo and in vitro structures that are focused on a specific subset of the natural nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University - Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mazhar S Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University - Faculty of Medicine, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid M Al-Batayneh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University - Faculty of Science, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dinesh M Pardhi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FL-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nkanga CI, Steinmetz NF. The pharmacology of plant virus nanoparticles. Virology 2021; 556:39-61. [PMID: 33545555 PMCID: PMC7974633 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles for medical purposes has made enormous strides in providing new solutions to health problems. The observation that plant virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) can be repurposed and engineered as smart bio-vehicles for targeted drug delivery and imaging has launched extensive research for improving the therapeutic and diagnostic management of various diseases. There is evidence that VNPs are promising high value nanocarriers with potential for translational development. This is mainly due to their unique features, encompassing structural uniformity, ease of manufacture and functionalization by means of expression, chemical biology and self-assembly. While the development pipeline is moving rapidly, with many reports focusing on engineering and manufacturing aspects to tailor the properties and efficacy of VNPs, fewer studies have focused on gaining insights into the nanotoxicity of this novel platform nanotechnology. Herein, we discuss the pharmacology of VNPs as a function of formulation and route of administration. VNPs are reviewed in the context of their application as therapeutic adjuvants or nanocarrier excipients to initiate, enhance, attenuate or impede the formulation's toxicity. The summary of the data however also underlines the need for meticulous VNP structure-nanotoxicity studies to improve our understanding of their in vivo fates and pharmacological profiles to pave the way for translation of VNP-based formulations into the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Center for NanoImmunoEngineering, Moores Cancer Center, Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shahgolzari M, Pazhouhandeh M, Milani M, Yari Khosroushahi A, Fiering S. Plant viral nanoparticles for packaging and in vivo delivery of bioactive cargos. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1629. [PMID: 32249552 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have unique capabilities and considerable promise for many different biological uses. One capability is delivering bioactive cargos to specific cells, tissues, or organisms. Depending on the task, there are multiple variables to consider including nanoparticle selection, targeting strategies, and incorporating cargo so it can be delivered in a biologically active form. One nanoparticle option, genetically controlled plant viral nanoparticles (PVNPs), is highly uniform within a given virus but quite variable between viruses with a broad range of useful properties. PVNPs are flexible and versatile tools for incorporating and delivering a wide range of small or large molecule cargos. Furthermore, PVNPs can be modified to create nanostructures that can solve problems in medical, environmental, and basic research. This review discusses the currently available techniques for delivering bioactive cargos with PVNPs and potential cargos that can be delivered with these strategies. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maghsoud Pazhouhandeh
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Faculty, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Demchuk AM, Patel TR. The biomedical and bioengineering potential of protein nanocompartments. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107547. [PMID: 32294494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein nanocompartments (PNCs) are self-assembling biological nanocages that can be harnessed as platforms for a wide range of nanobiotechnology applications. The most widely studied examples of PNCs include virus-like particles, bacterial microcompartments, encapsulin nanocompartments, enzyme-derived nanocages (such as lumazine synthase and the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ferritins and ferritin homologues, small heat shock proteins, and vault ribonucleoproteins. Structural PNC shell proteins are stable, biocompatible, and tolerant of both interior and exterior chemical or genetic functionalization for use as vaccines, therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical imaging aids, bioreactors, biological control agents, emulsion stabilizers, or scaffolds for biomimetic materials synthesis. This review provides an overview of the recent biomedical and bioengineering advances achieved with PNCs with a particular focus on recombinant PNC derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Demchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Center for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee H, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Lumata JL, Luzuriaga MA, Hagge LM, Benjamin CE, Brohlin OR, Parish CR, Firouzi HR, Nielsen SO, Lumata LL, Gassensmith JJ. Supramolecular and biomacromolecular enhancement of metal-free magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2045-2050. [PMID: 32180926 PMCID: PMC7053506 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging are based on gadolinium, however side effects limit their use in some patients. Organic radical contrast agents (ORCAs) are potential alternatives, but are reduced rapidly in physiological conditions and have low relaxivities as single molecule contrast agents. Herein, we use a supramolecular strategy where cucurbit[8]uril binds with nanomolar affinities to ORCAs and protects them against biological reductants to create a stable radical in vivo. We further overcame the weak contrast by conjugating this complex on the surface of a self-assembled biomacromolecule derived from the tobacco mosaic virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Arezoo Shahrivarkevishahi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Jenica L Lumata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Michael A Luzuriaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Laurel M Hagge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Candace E Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Olivia R Brohlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Christopher R Parish
- Department of Physics , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA
| | - Hamid R Firouzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Steven O Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Lloyd L Lumata
- Department of Physics , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
- Department of Bioengineering , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Venkataraman S, Reddy VS, Khurana SMP. Biomedical Applications of Viral Nanoparticles in Vaccine Therapy. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9898-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
19
|
Hu H, Masarapu H, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Yu X, Steinmetz NF. Physalis Mottle Virus-like Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18213-18223. [PMID: 31074602 PMCID: PMC7060085 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in nanomedicine is the low efficiency with which nanoparticles are delivered to lesions such as tumors in vivo. Here, we show that Physalis mottle virus (PhMV)-like nanoparticles can be developed as bimodal contrast agents to achieve long circulation, specific targeting capability, and efficient delivery to tumors in vivo. The self-assembling coat protein nanostructure offers various opportunities to modify the internal and external surfaces separately. After loading the internal cavity of the particles with the fluorescent dye Cy5.5 and paramagnetic Gd(III) complexes, we modified the outer surface by PEGylation and conjugation with targeting peptides. Using this combined approach, we were able to monitor a human prostate tumor model for up to 10 days by near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging, with up to 6% of the injection dose remaining. Our results show that PhMV-like nanoparticles provide a promising and innovative platform for the development of next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Hu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Hema Masarapu
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Yuning Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hu H, Yang Q, Baroni S, Yang H, Aime S, Steinmetz NF. Polydopamine-decorated tobacco mosaic virus for photoacoustic/magnetic resonance bimodal imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9760-9768. [PMID: 31066418 PMCID: PMC6679940 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanotheranostic reagents that integrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) offer a promising strategy for the treatment of human disease. However, classic gadolinium (Gd)-based T1-MRI contrast agents are limited by their low relaxivity. To address this, we produced Gd-loaded Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles coated with the mussel-inspired biopolymer polydopamine (PDA). Such biocompatible nanotheranostic reagents can be used to facilitate PTT, guided by multimodal magnetic resonance/photoacoustic imaging. The r1-relaxivity of the Gd-TMV-PDA particles at 60 MHz was ∼80 mM-1 s-1, compared to 13.63 mM-1 s-1 for the uncoated Gd-TMV particles. The Gd-TMV-PDA particles also promoted strong near-infrared absorption with high photothermal conversion efficiency (28.9%) and demonstrated excellent photoacoustic contrast. Multimodal imaging and PTT resulted in the effective killing of PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Gd-TMV-PDA nanoparticles therefore offer a promising theranostic approach that can now be tested in vivo in cancer models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Hu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Corresponding authors: Prof. Nicole F. Steinmetz: , Dr. He Hu:
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai, China
| | - Simona Baroni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai, China
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Corresponding authors: Prof. Nicole F. Steinmetz: , Dr. He Hu:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Virus capsid assembly across different length scales inspire the development of virus-based biomaterials. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 36:38-46. [PMID: 31071601 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In biology, there are an abundant number of self-assembled structures organized according to hierarchical levels of complexity. In some examples, the assemblies formed at each level exhibit unique properties and behaviors not present in individual components. Viruses are an example of such where first individual subunits come together to form a capsid structure, some utilizing a scaffolding protein to template or catalyze the capsid formation. Increasing the level of complexity, the viral capsids can then be used as building blocks of higher-level assemblies. This has inspired scientists to design and construct virus capsid-based functional nano-materials. This review provides some insight into the assembly of virus capsids across several length scales, and certain properties that arise at different levels, providing examples found in naturally occurring systems and those that are synthetically designed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Beatty PH, Lewis JD. Cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:130-144. [PMID: 31004625 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle platforms are particularly attractive for theranostic applications due to their capacity for multifunctionality and multivalency. Some of the most promising nano-scale scaffold systems have been co-opted from nature including plant viruses such as cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). The use of plant viruses like CPMV as viral nanoparticles is advantageous for many reasons; they are non-infectious and nontoxic to humans and safe for use in intravital imaging and drug delivery. The CPMV capsid icosahedral shape allows for enhanced multifunctional group display and the ability to carry specific cargoes. The native tropism of CPMV for cell-surface displayed vimentin and the enhanced permeability and retention effect allow them to preferentially extravasate from tumor neovasculature and efficiently penetrate tumors. Furthermore, CPMVs can be engineered via several straightforward chemistries to display targeting and imaging moieties on external, addressable residues and they can be loaded internally with therapeutic drug cargoes. These qualities make them highly effective as biocompatible platforms for tumor targeting, intravital imaging and cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Crooke SN, Zheng J, Ganewatta MS, Guldberg SM, Reineke TM, Finn M. Immunological Properties of Protein–Polymer Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:93-103. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jukuan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mitra S. Ganewatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jeevanandam J, Pal K, Danquah MK. Virus-like nanoparticles as a novel delivery tool in gene therapy. Biochimie 2018; 157:38-47. [PMID: 30408502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are considered as natural nanomaterials as they are in the size range of 20-500 nm with a genetical material either DNA or RNA, which is surrounded by a protein coat capsid. Recently, the field of virus nanotechnology is gaining significant attention from researchers. Attention is given to the utilization of viruses as nanomaterials for medical, biotechnology and energy applications. Removal of genetic material from the viral capsid creates empty capsid for drug incorporation and coating the capsid protein crystals with antibodies, enzymes or aptamers will enhance their targeted drug deliver efficiency. Studies reported that these virus-like nanoparticles have been used in delivering drugs for cancer. It is also used in imaging and sensory applications for various diseases. However, there is reservation among researchers to utilize virus-like nanoparticles in targeted delivery of genes in gene therapy, as there is a possibility of using virus-like nanoparticles for targeted gene delivery. In addition, other biomedical applications that are explored using virus-like nanoparticles and the probable mechanism of delivering genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaison Jeevanandam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT250, Miri, Sarawak, 98009, Malaysia
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bharath University, Department of Nanotechnology, Research Park, 173 Agharam Road, Selaiyur, Chennai, 600073, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Application of Plant Viruses as a Biotemplate for Nanomaterial Fabrication. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092311. [PMID: 30208562 PMCID: PMC6225259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are widely used to fabricate nanomaterials in the field of nanotechnology. Plant viruses are of great interest to the nanotechnology field because of their symmetry, polyvalency, homogeneous size distribution, and ability to self-assemble. This homogeneity can be used to obtain the high uniformity of the templated material and its related properties. In this paper, the variety of nanomaterials generated in rod-like and spherical plant viruses is highlighted for the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), brome mosaic virus (BMV), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Their recent studies on developing nanomaterials in a wide range of applications from biomedicine and catalysts to biosensors are reviewed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dharmarwardana M, Martins AF, Chen Z, Palacios PM, Nowak CM, Welch RP, Li S, Luzuriaga MA, Bleris L, Pierce BS, Sherry AD, Gassensmith JJ. Nitroxyl Modified Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a Metal-Free High-Relaxivity MRI and EPR Active Superoxide Sensor. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2973-2983. [PMID: 29771534 PMCID: PMC6078806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide overproduction is known to occur in multiple disease states requiring critical care; yet, noninvasive detection of superoxide in deep tissue remains a challenge. Herein, we report a metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) active contrast agent prepared by "click conjugating" paramagnetic organic radical contrast agents (ORCAs) to the surface of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). While ORCAs are known to be reduced in vivo to an MRI/EPR silent state, their oxidation is facilitated specifically by reactive oxygen species-in particular, superoxide-and are largely unaffected by peroxides and molecular oxygen. Unfortunately, single molecule ORCAs typically offer weak MRI contrast. In contrast, our data confirm that the macromolecular ORCA-TMV conjugates show marked enhancement for T1 contrast at low field (<3.0 T) and T2 contrast at high field (9.4 T). Additionally, we demonstrated that the unique topology of TMV allows for a "quenchless fluorescent" bimodal probe for concurrent fluorescence and MRI/EPR imaging, which was made possible by exploiting the unique inner and outer surface of the TMV nanoparticle. Finally, we show TMV-ORCAs do not respond to normal cellular respiration, minimizing the likelihood for background, yet still respond to enzymatically produced superoxide in complicated biological fluids like serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madushani Dharmarwardana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - André F. Martins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Philip M. Palacios
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Chance M. Nowak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Raymond P. Welch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Michael A. Luzuriaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Leonidas Bleris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Brad S. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kawano T, Murata M, Kang JH, Piao JS, Narahara S, Hyodo F, Hamano N, Guo J, Oguri S, Ohuchida K, Hashizume M. Ultrasensitive MRI detection of spontaneous pancreatic tumors with nanocage-based targeted contrast agent. Biomaterials 2018; 152:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
28
|
Choi B, Kim H, Choi H, Kang S. Protein Cage Nanoparticles as Delivery Nanoplatforms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1064:27-43. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0445-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
29
|
Narayanan KB, Han SS. Icosahedral plant viral nanoparticles - bioinspired synthesis of nanomaterials/nanostructures. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 248:1-19. [PMID: 28916111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanotechnology utilizes virus nanoparticles (VNPs) and virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) of plant viruses as highly versatile platforms for materials synthesis and molecular entrapment that can be used in the nanotechnological fields, such as in next-generation nanoelectronics, nanocatalysis, biosensing and optics, and biomedical applications, such as for targeting, therapeutic delivery, and non-invasive in vivo imaging with high specificity and selectivity. In particular, plant virus capsids provide biotemplates for the production of novel nanostructured materials with organic/inorganic moieties incorporated in a very precise and controlled manner. Interestingly, capsid proteins of spherical plant viruses can self-assemble into well-organized icosahedral three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale multivalent architectures with high monodispersity and structural symmetry. Using viral genetic and protein engineering of icosahedral viruses with a variety of sizes, the interior, exterior and the interfaces between coat protein (CP) subunits can be manipulated to fabricate materials with a wide range of desirable properties allowing for biomineralization, encapsulation, infusion, controlled self-assembly, and multivalent ligand display of nanoparticles or molecules for varied applications. In this review, we discuss the various functional nanomaterials/nanostructures developed using the VNPs and VLPs of different icosahedral plant viruses and their nano(bio)technological and nanomedical applications.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bustos-Jaimes I, Soto-Román RA, Gutiérrez-Landa IA, Valadez-García J, Segovia-Trinidad CL. Construction of protein-functionalized virus-like particles of parvovirus B19. J Biotechnol 2017; 263:55-63. [PMID: 28935566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Decoration of virus-like particles (VLPs) expands the repertory of functions these particles can display. In the last years, VLPs have successfully been used as scaffolds to present different molecules, frequently through the specific reaction of chemical groups on the surface of the particles, or by protein engineering when the presentation of peptides or proteins is the primary goal. VLPs of parvovirus B19 (B19V), have been previously produced in vitro and its stability and ability to assemble into hybrid particles composed of wild-type and chimeric proteins evidenced their potential as research tools. Herein, we report the presentation of functional proteins on the surface of B19V VLPs, through the fusion of the gene coding for the heterologous protein within the gene coding for the structural protein VP2. Two model proteins were used for the construction of chimeras, a lipase from Bacillus pumilus (BplA) and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Both chimeras were folded and successfully assembled in vitro into VLPs. While the BplA chimera exhibited esterase activity, the chimera of EGFP showed no fluorescence. We replaced the EGFP by its fast-folding derivative "super folder GFP" (sfGFP) flanked by larger linkers to increase its movement freedom, which resulted in fluorescent protein able to assemble fluorescent VLPs. These results expand the toolbox for VLP decoration as well as for the construction of new nanobiomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Bustos-Jaimes
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Arturo Soto-Román
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Josefina Valadez-García
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen Z, Boyd SD, Calvo JS, Murray KW, Mejia GL, Benjamin CE, Welch RP, Winkler DD, Meloni G, D'Arcy S, Gassensmith JJ. Fluorescent Functionalization across Quaternary Structure in a Virus-like Particle. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2277-2283. [PMID: 28787574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteinaceous nanomaterials and, in particular, virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as robust and uniform platforms that are seeing wider use in biomedical research. However, there are a limited number of bioconjugation reactions for functionalizing the capsids, and very few of those involve functionalization across the supramolecular quaternary structure of protein assemblies. In this work, we exploit the recently described dibromomaleimide moiety as part of a bioconjugation strategy on VLP Qβ to break and rebridge the exposed and structurally important disulfides in good yields. Not only was the stability of the quaternary structure retained after the reaction, but the newly functionalized particles also became brightly fluorescent and could be tracked in vitro using a commercially available filter set. Consequently, we show that this highly efficient bioconjugation reaction not only introduces a new functional handle "between" the disulfides of VLPs without compromising their thermal stability but also can be used to create a fluorescent probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Stefanie D Boyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jenifer S Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Kyle W Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Galo L Mejia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Candace E Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Raymond P Welch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Duane D Winkler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sheena D'Arcy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Optimizing the Readout of Lanthanide-DOTA Complexes for the Detection of Ligand-Bound Copper(I). Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050802. [PMID: 28505112 PMCID: PMC6154328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The CuAAC ‘click’ reaction was used to couple alkyne-functionalized lanthanide-DOTA complexes to a range of fluorescent antennae. Screening of the antenna components was aided by comparison of the luminescent output of the resultant sensors using data normalized to account for reaction conversion as assessed by IR. A maximum 82-fold enhanced signal:background luminescence output was achieved using a Eu(III)-DOTA complex coupled to a coumarin-azide, in a reaction which is specific to the presence of copper(I). This optimized complex provides a new lead design for lanthanide-DOTA complexes which can act as irreversible ‘turn-on’ catalytic sensors for the detection of ligand-bound copper(I).
Collapse
|
33
|
Synthesis and photophysical characterization of luminescent lanthanide complexes of nucleotide-functionalized cyclen- and dipicolinate-based ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
34
|
Rohovie MJ, Nagasawa M, Swartz JR. Virus-like particles: Next-generation nanoparticles for targeted therapeutic delivery. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:43-57. [PMID: 29313023 PMCID: PMC5689521 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most drug therapies distribute the agents throughout the entire body, even though the drugs are typically only needed at specific tissues. This often limits dosage and causes discomfort and harmful side‐effects. Significant research has examined nanoparticles (NPs) for use as targeted delivery vehicles for therapeutic cargo, however, major clinical success has been limited. Current work focuses mainly on liposomal and polymer‐based NPs, but emerging research is exploring the engineering of viral capsids as noninfectious protein‐based NPs—termed virus‐like particles (VLPs). This review covers the research that has been performed thus far and outlines the potential for these VLPs to become highly effective delivery vehicles that overcome the many challenges encountered for targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Rohovie
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305
| | - Maya Nagasawa
- Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305
| | - James R Swartz
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305.,Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang X, Milne M, Martínez F, Scholl TJ, Hudson RHE. Synthesis of a poly(Gd( iii)-DOTA)–PNA conjugate as a potential MRI contrast agent via post-synthetic click chemistry functionalization. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An operationally easy method provides poly(Gd3+chelate) PNA conjugates that form comb-like complexes with poly(rA) and demonstrate increased relaxivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Mark Milne
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Department of Medical Biophysics
- The Robarts Research Institute
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Timothy J. Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics
- The Robarts Research Institute
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cao Y, Liu M, Zu G, Kuang Y, Tong X, Xiong D, Pei R. Hyperbranched poly(glycerol) as a T1 contrast agent for tumor-targeted magnetic resonance imaging in vivo. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01819j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To explore a convenient and efficient strategy for constructing tumor-targeted T1 mCAs for MRI, hyperbranched poly(glycerol) prepared in one-pot was used to conjugate gadolinium chelates and folic acid ligands through “click chemistry”.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Guangyue Zu
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Ye Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Xiaoyan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Dangsheng Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schwarz B, Uchida M, Douglas T. Biomedical and Catalytic Opportunities of Virus-Like Particles in Nanotechnology. Adv Virus Res 2016; 97:1-60. [PMID: 28057256 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Within biology, molecules are arranged in hierarchical structures that coordinate and control the many processes that allow for complex organisms to exist. Proteins and other functional macromolecules are often studied outside their natural nanostructural context because it remains difficult to create controlled arrangements of proteins at this size scale. Viruses are elegantly simple nanosystems that exist at the interface of living organisms and nonliving biological machines. Studied and viewed primarily as pathogens to be combatted, viruses have emerged as models of structural efficiency at the nanoscale and have spurred the development of biomimetic nanoparticle systems. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious protein cages derived from viruses or other cage-forming systems. VLPs provide incredibly regular scaffolds for building at the nanoscale. Composed of self-assembling protein subunits, VLPs provide both a model for studying materials' assembly at the nanoscale and useful building blocks for materials design. The robustness and degree of understanding of many VLP structures allow for the ready use of these systems as versatile nanoparticle platforms for the conjugation of active molecules or as scaffolds for the structural organization of chemical processes. Lastly the prevalence of viruses in all domains of life has led to unique activities of VLPs in biological systems most notably the immune system. Here we discuss recent efforts to apply VLPs in a wide variety of applications with the aim of highlighting how the common structural elements of VLPs have led to their emergence as paradigms for the understanding and design of biological nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Schwarz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - M Uchida
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - T Douglas
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Culver KSB, Shin YJ, Rotz MW, Meade TJ, Hersam MC, Odom TW. Shape-Dependent Relaxivity of Nanoparticle-Based T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:22103-22109. [PMID: 28008338 PMCID: PMC5172589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b08362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanostars functionalized with Gd(III) have shown significant promise as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of their anisotropic, branched shape. However, the size and shape polydispersity of as-synthesized gold nanostars have precluded efforts to develop a rigorous relationship between the gold nanostar structure (e.g., number of branches) and relaxivity of surface-bound Gd(III). This paper describes the use of a centrifugal separation method that can produce structurally refined populations of gold nanostars and is compatible with Gd(III) functionalization. Combined transmission electron microscopy and relaxivity analyses revealed that the increased number of nanostar branches was correlated with enhanced relaxivity. By identifying the underlying relaxivity mechanisms for Gd(III)-functionalized gold nanostars, we can inform the design of high-performance MRI contrast agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla S. B. Culver
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yu Jin Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew W. Rotz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Corresponding Authors. . Phone: 847-491-2481. . Phone: 847-491-2696. Phone: 847-491-7674
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Corresponding Authors. . Phone: 847-491-2481. . Phone: 847-491-2696. Phone: 847-491-7674
| | - Teri W. Odom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Corresponding Authors. . Phone: 847-491-2481. . Phone: 847-491-2696. Phone: 847-491-7674
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang Y, Ardejani MS, Orner BP. Design and Applications of Protein-Cage-Based Nanomaterials. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2814-2828. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals; College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 P.R. China
| | - Maziar S. Ardejani
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 United States
| | - Brendan P. Orner
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; London SE1 1DB United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Higginson CJ, Eno MR, Khan S, Cameron MD, Finn M. Albumin-Oxanorbornadiene Conjugates Formed ex Vivo for the Extended Circulation of Hydrophilic Cargo. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2320-7. [PMID: 27348438 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxanorbornadiene dicarboxylate (OND) reagents were explored for the purpose of binding and releasing chemical cargos from endogenous circulating serum albumins. ONDs bearing gadolinium chelates as model cargos exhibited variable conjugation efficiencies with albumin in rat subjects that are consistent with the observed reactivity of each linker and their observed stability toward serum hydrolases in vitro. The terminal elimination rate from circulation was dependent on the identity of the OND used, and increased circulation time of gadolinium cargo was achieved for linkers bearing electrophilic fragments designed to react with cysteine-34 of circulating serum albumin. This binding of and release from endogenous albumin highlights the potential of OND linkers in the context of optimizing the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs or diagnostic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. Higginson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Marsha R. Eno
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Susan Khan
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - M.G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wen AM, Steinmetz NF. Design of virus-based nanomaterials for medicine, biotechnology, and energy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4074-126. [PMID: 27152673 PMCID: PMC5068136 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent developments in "chemical virology." Viruses, as materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and nanotechnology, with diverse areas of applications. Some fundamental advantages of viruses, compared to synthetically programmed materials, include the highly precise spatial arrangement of their subunits into a diverse array of shapes and sizes and many available avenues for easy and reproducible modification. Here, we will first survey the broad distribution of viruses and various methods for producing virus-based nanoparticles, as well as engineering principles used to impart new functionalities. We will then examine the broad range of applications and implications of virus-based materials, focusing on the medical, biotechnology, and energy sectors. We anticipate that this field will continue to evolve and grow, with exciting new possibilities stemming from advancements in the rational design of virus-based nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sneddon D, Niemans R, Bauwens M, Yaromina A, van Kuijk SJA, Lieuwes NG, Biemans R, Pooters I, Pellegrini PA, Lengkeek NA, Greguric I, Tonissen KF, Supuran CT, Lambin P, Dubois L, Poulsen SA. Synthesis and in Vivo Biological Evaluation of 68Ga-Labeled Carbonic Anhydrase IX Targeting Small Molecules for Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6431-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Sneddon
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Raymon Niemans
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Departments
of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J. A. van Kuijk
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja G. Lieuwes
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Biemans
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Pooters
- Departments
of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A. Pellegrini
- LifeSciences
Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Nigel A. Lengkeek
- LifeSciences
Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Ivan Greguric
- LifeSciences
Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Kathryn F. Tonissen
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento
Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig Dubois
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sally-Ann Poulsen
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tian S, Liu G, Wang X, Zhang G, Hu J. pH-Responsive Tumor-Targetable Theranostic Nanovectors Based on Core Crosslinked (CCL) Micelles with Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance (MR) Dual Imaging Modalities and Drug Delivery Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8060226. [PMID: 30979319 PMCID: PMC6432225 DOI: 10.3390/polym8060226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel theranostic nanovectors is of particular interest in treating formidable diseases (e.g., cancers). Herein, we report a new tumor-targetable theranostic agent based on core crosslinked (CCL) micelles, possessing tumor targetable moieties and fluorescence and magnetic resonance (MR) dual imaging modalities. An azide-terminated diblock copolymer, N₃-POEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-GMA), was synthesized via consecutive atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), where OEGMA, DPA, and GMA are oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate, 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate, respectively. The resulting diblock copolymer was further functionalized with DOTA(Gd) (DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakisacetic acid) or benzaldehyde moieties via copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) chemistry, resulting in the formation of DOTA(Gd)-POEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-GMA) and benzaldehyde-POEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-GMA) copolymers. The resultant block copolymers co-assembled into mixed micelles at neutral pH in the presence of tetrakis[4-(2-mercaptoethoxy)phenyl]ethylene (TPE-4SH), which underwent spontaneous crosslinking reactions with GMA residues embedded within the micellar cores, simultaneously switching on TPE fluorescence due to the restriction of intramolecular rotation. Moreover, camptothecin (CPT) was encapsulated into the crosslinked cores at neutral pH, and tumor-targeting pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP, sequence: AEQNPIYWARYADWLFTTPLLLLDLALLVDADEGTCG) moieties were attached to the coronas through the Schiff base chemistry, yielding a theranostic nanovector with fluorescence and MR dual imaging modalities and tumor-targeting capability. The nanovectors can be efficiently taken up by A549 cells, as monitored by TPE fluorescence. After internalization, intracellular acidic pH triggered the release of loaded CPT, killing cancer cells in a selective manner. On the other hand, the nanovectors labeled with DOTA(Gd) contrast agents exhibited increased relaxivity (r₁ = 16.97 mM-1·s-1) compared to alkynyl-DOTA(Gd) small molecule precursor (r₁ = 3.16 mM-1·s-1). Moreover, in vivo MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) measurements revealed CCL micelles with pHLIP peptides exhibiting better tumor accumulation and MR imaging performance as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Tian
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guhuan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jinming Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ganguly R, Wen AM, Myer AB, Czech T, Sahu S, Steinmetz NF, Raman P. Anti-atherogenic effect of trivalent chromium-loaded CPMV nanoparticles in human aortic smooth muscle cells under hyperglycemic conditions in vitro. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6542-6554. [PMID: 26935414 PMCID: PMC5136293 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a major macrovascular complication associated with diabetes, poses a tremendous burden on national health care expenditure. Despite extensive efforts, cost-effective remedies are unknown. Therapies for atherosclerosis are challenged by a lack of targeted drug delivery approaches. Toward this goal, we turn to a biology-derived drug delivery system utilizing nanoparticles formed by the plant virus, Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). The aim herein is to investigate the anti-atherogenic potential of the beneficial mineral nutrient, trivalent chromium, loaded CPMV nanoparticles in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) under hyperglycemic conditions. A non-covalent loading protocol is established yielding CrCl3-loaded CPMV (CPMV-Cr) carrying 2000 drug molecules per particle. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that CPMV-Cr is readily taken up by HASMC in vitro. In glucose (25 mM)-stimulated cells, 100 nM CPMV-Cr inhibits HASMC proliferation concomitant to attenuated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, proliferation marker) expression. This is accompanied by attenuation in high glucose-induced phospho-p38 and pAkt expression. Moreover, CPMV-Cr inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), in glucose-stimulated HASMCs. Finally glucose-stimulated lipid uptake is remarkably abrogated by CPMV-Cr, revealed by Oil Red O staining. Together, these data provide key cellular evidence for an atheroprotective effect of CPMV-Cr in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) under hyperglycemic conditions that may promote novel therapeutic ventures for diabetic atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA. and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashley B Myer
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA.
| | - Tori Czech
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA.
| | - Soumyadip Sahu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA. and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Department of Radiology, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Priya Raman
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA. and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen Z, Li N, Li S, Dharmarwardana M, Schlimme A, Gassensmith JJ. Viral chemistry: the chemical functionalization of viral architectures to create new technology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:512-34. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | | | - Anna Schlimme
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Haldón E, Nicasio MC, Pérez PJ. Copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC): an update. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9528-50. [PMID: 26284434 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of organic azides and alkynes catalysed by copper species represent the prototypical examples of click chemistry. The so-called CuAAC reaction (copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition), discovered in 2002, has been expanded since then to become an excellent tool in organic synthesis. In this contribution the recent results described in the literature since 2010 are reviewed, classified according to the nature of the catalyst precursor: copper(I) or copper(II) salts or complexes, metallic or nano-particulated copper and several solid-supported copper systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Haldón
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química y Ciencias de los Materiales, Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Nanoscale engineering is revolutionizing the way we prevent, detect, and treat diseases. Viruses have played a special role in these developments because they can function as prefabricated nanoscaffolds that have unique properties and are easily modified. The interiors of virus particles can encapsulate and protect sensitive compounds, while the exteriors can be altered to display large and small molecules in precisely defined arrays. These properties of viruses, along with their innate biocompatibility, have led to their development as actively targeted drug delivery systems that expand on and improve current pharmaceutical options. Viruses are naturally immunogenic, and antigens displayed on their surface have been used to create vaccines against pathogens and to break self-tolerance to initiate an immune response to dysfunctional proteins. Densely and specifically aligned imaging agents on viruses have allowed for high-resolution and noninvasive visualization tools to detect and treat diseases earlier than previously possible. These and future applications of viruses have created an exciting new field within the disciplines of both nanotechnology and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marianne Manchester
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Departments of 2Biomedical Engineering
- Radiology
- Materials Science and Engineering, and
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shukla S, Steinmetz NF. Virus-based nanomaterials as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance contrast agents: from technology development to translational medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 7:708-21. [PMID: 25683790 PMCID: PMC4620044 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have recently emerged as ideal protein scaffolds for a new class of contrast agents that can be used in medical imaging procedures such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Whereas synthetic nanoparticles are difficult to produce as homogeneous formulations due to the inherently stochastic nature of the synthesis process, virus-based nanoparticles are genetically encoded and are therefore produced as homogeneous and monodisperse preparations with a high degree of quality control. Because the virus capsids have a defined chemical structure that has evolved to carry cargoes of nucleic acids, they can be modified to carry precisely defined cargoes of contrast agents and can be decorated with spatially defined contrast reagents on the internal or external surfaces. Viral nanoparticles can also be genetically programed or conjugated with targeting ligands to deliver contrast agents to specific cells, and the natural biocompatibility of viruses means that they are cleared rapidly from the body. Nanoparticles based on bacteriophages and plant viruses are safe for use in humans and can be produced inexpensively in large quantities as self-assembling recombinant proteins. Based on these considerations, a new generation of contrast agents has been developed using bacteriophages and plant viruses as scaffolds to carry positron-emitting radioisotopes such as [(18) F] fluorodeoxyglucose for PET imaging and iron oxide or Gd(3+) for MRI. Although challenges such as immunogenicity, loading efficiency, and regulatory compliance remain to be address, virus-based nanoparticles represent a promising new enabling technology for a new generation of highly biocompatible and biodegradable targeted imaging reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wojciechowski F, Groß A, Holder IT, Knörr L, Drescher M, Hartig JS. Pulsed EPR spectroscopy distance measurements of DNA internally labelled with Gd(3+)-DOTA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13850-3. [PMID: 26236790 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gd(3+) is increasingly used in EPR spectroscopy due to its increased intracellular stability and signal-to-noise ratios. Here we present the incorporation of Gd(3+)-DOTA into internal positions in DNA. Distance measurements via pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in vitro and in cellula proved enhanced stability and efficiency compared to nitroxide labels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Wojciechowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, Konstanz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bruckman MA, Randolph LN, Gulati NM, Stewart PL, Steinmetz NF. Silica-coated Gd(DOTA)-loaded protein nanoparticles enable magnetic resonance imaging of macrophages. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7503-7510. [PMID: 26659591 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The molecular imaging of in vivo targets allows non-invasive disease diagnosis. Nanoparticles offer a promising platform for molecular imaging because they can deliver large payloads of imaging reagents to the site of disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often preferred for clinical diagnosis because it uses non-ionizing radiation and offers both high spatial resolution and excellent penetration. We have explored the use of plant viruses as the basis of for MRI contrast reagents, specifically Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which can assemble to form either stiff rods or spheres. We loaded TMV particles with paramagnetic Gd ions, increasing the ionic relaxivity compared to free Gd ions. The loaded TMV particles were then coated with silica maintaining high relaxivities. Interestingly, we found that when Gd(DOTA) was loaded into the interior channel of TMV and the exterior was coated with silica, the T1 relaxivities increased by three-fold from 10.9 mM-1 s-1 to 29.7 mM-1s-1 at 60 MHz compared to uncoated Gd-loaded TMV. To test the performance of the contrast agents in a biological setting, we focused on interactions with macrophages because the active or passive targeting of immune cells is a popular strategy to investigate the cellular components involved in disease progression associated with inflammation. In vitro assays and phantom MRI experiments indicate efficient targeting and imaging of macrophages, enhanced contrast-to-noise ratio was observed by shape-engineering (SNP > TMV) and silica-coating (Si-TMV/SNP > TMV/SNP). Because plant viruses are in the food chain, antibodies may be prevalent in the population. Therefore we investigated whether the silica-coating could prevent antibody recognition; indeed our data indicate that mineralization can be used as a stealth coating option to reduce clearance. Therefore, we conclude that the silica-coated protein-based contrast agent may provide an interesting candidate material for further investigation for in vivo delineation of disease through macrophage imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH ; Department of Radiology, Cleveland, OH ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cleveland, OH ; Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|