1
|
Fitzgerald MJ, Pearson MM, Mobley HLT. Proteus mirabilis UreR coordinates cellular functions required for urease activity. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0003124. [PMID: 38534115 PMCID: PMC11025324 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00031-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Proteus mirabilis infection of the urinary tract is the formation of stones. The ability to induce urinary stone formation requires urease, a nickel metalloenzyme that hydrolyzes urea. This reaction produces ammonia as a byproduct, which can serve as a nitrogen source and weak base that raises the local pH. The resulting alkalinity induces the precipitation of ions to form stones. Transcriptional regulator UreR activates expression of urease genes in a urea-dependent manner. Thus, urease genes are highly expressed in the urinary tract where urea is abundant. Production of mature urease also requires the import of nickel into the cytoplasm and its incorporation into the urease apoenzyme. Urease accessory proteins primarily acquire nickel from one of two nickel transporters and facilitate incorporation of nickel to form mature urease. In this study, we performed a comprehensive RNA-seq to define the P. mirabilis urea-induced transcriptome as well as the UreR regulon. We identified UreR as the first defined regulator of nickel transport in P. mirabilis. We also offer evidence for the direct regulation of the Ynt nickel transporter by UreR. Using bioinformatics, we identified UreR-regulated urease loci in 15 Morganellaceae family species across three genera. Additionally, we located two mobilized UreR-regulated urease loci that also encode the ynt transporter, implying that UreR regulation of nickel transport is a conserved regulatory relationship. Our study demonstrates that UreR specifically regulates genes required to produce mature urease, an essential virulence factor for P. mirabilis uropathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for over 40% of acute nosocomial infections in the USA and generate $340 million in healthcare costs annually. A major causative agent of CAUTIs is Proteus mirabilis, an understudied Gram-negative pathogen noted for its ability to form urinary stones via the activity of urease. Urease mutants cannot induce stones and are attenuated in a murine UTI model, indicating this enzyme is essential to P. mirabilis pathogenesis. Transcriptional regulation of urease genes by UreR is well established; here, we expand the UreR regulon to include regulation of nickel import, a function required to produce mature urease. Furthermore, we reflect on the role of urea catalysis in P. mirabilis metabolism and provide evidence for its importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison J. Fitzgerald
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Melanie M. Pearson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Harry L. T. Mobley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mukundan G, Badhulika S. Nickel-cobalt metal-organic frameworks based flexible hydrogel as a wearable contact lens for electrochemical sensing of urea in tear samples. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:252. [PMID: 38589716 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A flexible, wearable, non-invasive contact lens sensor utilizing nickel-cobalt metal-organic framework (Ni-Co-MOF) based hydrogel is introduced for urea monitoring in tear samples. The synthesized Ni-Co-MOF hydrogel exhibits a porous structure with interconnected voids, as visualized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Detailed structural and vibrational properties of the material were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The developed Ni-Co-MOF hydrogel sensor showcases a detection limit of 0.445 mM for urea within a linear range of 0.5-70 mM. Notably, it demonstrates exceptional selectivity, effectively distinguishing against interfering species like UA, AA, glucose, dopamine, Cl-, K+, Na+, Ca2+, and IgG. The enhanced electrocatalytic performance of the Ni-Co-MOF hydrogel electrode is attributed to the presence of Ni and Co, fostering Ni2+ oxidation on the surface and forming a Co2+ complex that acts as a catalyst for urea oxidation. The fabricated sensor exhibits successful detection and retrieval of urea in simulated tear samples, showcasing promising potential for bioanalytical applications. The binder-free, non-toxic nature of the Ni-Co-MOF hydrogel sensor presents exciting avenues for future utilization in non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing, including applications in wearable devices, point-of-care diagnostics, and personalized healthcare monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopika Mukundan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India
| | - Sushmee Badhulika
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nwe MK, Jangpromma N, Taemaitree L. Evaluation of molecular inhibitors of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Sci Rep 2024; 14:5916. [PMID: 38467647 PMCID: PMC10928092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a cost-effective and easy-to-perform assay that enables the direct detection of DNA. Its use in point-of-care diagnostic tests is growing, while it has the potential to be used in presumptive on-the-field forensic tests. Samples are often collected from complex matrices that contain high levels of contaminants. Herein, we evaluate the effect of seven common DNA amplification inhibitors on LAMP - bile salts, calcium chloride, hematin, humic acid, immunoglobulin G, tannic acid and urea. We study the effect of each inhibitor individually in real-time detection systems coupled with end-point measurements to delineate their inhibitory effects from the matrix in which they may be found. Our studies show LAMP inhibitors generally delay the onset of amplicon formation and quench fluorescence at similar or higher concentrations compared to PCR, but that end-point measurements of LAMP amplicons are unaffected. This is important as LAMP amplicons can be detected in non-fluorometric ways thus contributing to the assertions that LAMP is more robust to inhibitors than PCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Khat Nwe
- Department of Integrated Science, Forensic Science Program, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisachon Jangpromma
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Lapatrada Taemaitree
- Department of Integrated Science, Forensic Science Program, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brazaca LC, Imamura AH, Blasques RV, Camargo JR, Janegitz BC, Carrilho E. The use of biological fluids in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs): Recent advances, challenges and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115846. [PMID: 38006702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for aiding medical diagnosis is a growing trend in the literature mainly due to their low cost, easy use, simple manufacturing, and great potential for application in low-resource settings. Many important biomarkers (proteins, ions, lipids, hormones, DNA, RNA, drugs, whole cells, and more) and biofluids are available for precise detection and diagnosis. We have reviewed the advances μPADs in medical diagnostics have achieved in the last few years, focusing on the most common human biofluids (whole blood/plasma, sweat, urine, tears, and saliva). The challenges of detecting specific biomarkers in each sample are discussed, along with innovative techniques that overcome such limitations. Finally, the difficulties of commercializing μPADs are considered, and future trends are presented, including wearable devices and integrating multiple steps in a single platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laís Canniatti Brazaca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Hikari Imamura
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Vieira Blasques
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Rocha Camargo
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Parveen M, Tahira A, Mahar IA, Bhatti MA, Dawi E, Nafady A, Alshammari RH, Vigolo B, Qi K, Ibupoto ZH. Green structure orienting and reducing agents of wheat peel extract induced abundant surface oxygen vacancies and transformed the nanoflake morphology of NiO into a plate-like shape with enhanced non-enzymatic urea sensing application. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34122-34135. [PMID: 38019984 PMCID: PMC10661683 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers are increasingly focusing on using biomass waste for green synthesis of nanostructured materials since green reducing, capping, stabilizing and orientation agents play a significant role in final application. Wheat peel extract contains a rich source of reducing and structure orienting agents that are not utilized for morphological transformation of NiO nanostructures. Our study focuses on the role of wheat peel extract in morphological transformation during the synthesis of NiO nanostructures as well as in non-enzymatic electrochemical urea sensing. It was observed that the morphological transformation of NiO flakes into nanoplatelets took place in the presence of wheat peel extract during the preparation of NiO nanostructures and that both the lateral size and thickness of the nanostructures were significantly reduced. Wheat peel extract was also found to reduce the optical band gap of NiO. A NiO nanostructure prepared with 5 mL of wheat peel extract (sample 2) was highly efficient for the detection of urea without the use of urease enzyme. It has been demonstrated that the induced modification of NiO nanoplatelets through the use of structure-orienting agents in the wheat peel has enhanced their electrochemical performance. A linear range of 0.1 mM to 13 mM was achieved with a detection limit of 0.003 mM in the proposed urea sensor. The performance of the presented non-enzymatic urea sensor was evaluated in terms of selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and practical application, and the results were highly satisfactory. As a result of the high surface active sites on sample 2, the low charge transfer resistance, as well as the high exposure to the surface active sites of wheat peel extract, sample 2 demonstrated enhanced performance. The wheat peel extract could be used for the green synthesis of a wide range of nanostructured materials, particularly metal/metal oxides for various electrochemical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaz Parveen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Aneela Tahira
- Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Mirs Sindh Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ali Mahar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Bhatti
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Elmuez Dawi
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University P.O. Box 346 United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh H Alshammari
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University Dali Yunnan 671000 China
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu CY, Su YT, Su CK. 4D-printed needle panel meters coupled with enzymatic derivatization for reading urea and glucose concentrations in biological samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115500. [PMID: 37390641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
On-site analytical techniques continue being developed with advances in modern technology. To demonstrate the applicability of four-dimensional printing (4DP) technologies in the direct fabrication of stimuli-responsive analytical devices for on-site determination of urea and glucose, we used digital light processing three-dimensional printing (3DP) and 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA)-incorporated photocurable resins to fabricate all-in-one needle panel meters. When adding a sample having a value of pH above the pKa of CEA (ca. 4.6-5.0) into the fabricated needle panel meter, the [H+]-responsive layer of the needle, printed using the CEA-incorporated photocurable resins, swelled as a result of electrostatic repulsion among the dissociated carboxyl groups of the copolymer, leading to [H+]-dependent bending of the needle. When coupled with a derivatization reaction (urease-mediated hydrolysis of urea to decrease [H+]; glucose oxidase-mediated oxidization of glucose to increase [H+]), the bending of the needle allowed reliable quantification of urea or glucose when referencing pre-calibrated concentration scales. After method optimization, the method's detection limits for urea and glucose were 4.9 and 7.0 μM, respectively, within a working concentration range from 0.1 to 10 mM. We verified the reliability of this analytical method by determining the concentrations of urea and glucose in samples of human urine, fetal bovine serum, and rat plasma with spike analyses and comparing the results with those obtained using commercial assay kits. Our results confirm that 4DP technologies can allow the direct fabrication of stimuli-responsive devices for quantitative chemical analysis, and that they can advance the development and applicability of 3DP-enabling analytical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tian H, Ou J, Wang Y, Sun J, Gao J, Ye Y, Zhang R, Chen B, Wang F, Huang W, Li H, Liu L, Shao C, Xu Z, Peng F, Tu Y. Bladder microenvironment actuated proteomotors with ammonia amplification for enhanced cancer treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3862-3875. [PMID: 37719374 PMCID: PMC10501867 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-driven micro/nanomotors consuming in situ chemical fuels have attracted lots of attention for biomedical applications. However, motor systems composed by organism-derived organics that maximize the therapeutic efficacy of enzymatic products remain challenging. Herein, swimming proteomotors based on biocompatible urease and human serum albumin are constructed for enhanced antitumor therapy via active motion and ammonia amplification. By decomposing urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia, the designed proteomotors are endowed with self-propulsive capability, which leads to improved internalization and enhanced penetration in vitro. As a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, the loaded l-methionine sulfoximine further prevents the conversion of toxic ammonia into non-toxic glutamine in both tumor and stromal cells, resulting in local ammonia amplification. After intravesical instillation, the proteomotors achieve longer bladder retention and thus significantly inhibit the growth of orthotopic bladder tumor in vivo without adverse effects. We envision that the as-developed swimming proteomotors with amplification of the product toxicity may be a potential platform for active cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Juanfeng Ou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jia Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junbin Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yicheng Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruotian Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weichang Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huaan Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Lu Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, Central Laboratory of Lishui People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Zhili Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal Sports Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fraire JC, Guix M, Hortelao AC, Ruiz-González N, Bakenecker AC, Ramezani P, Hinnekens C, Sauvage F, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Sánchez S. Light-Triggered Mechanical Disruption of Extracellular Barriers by Swarms of Enzyme-Powered Nanomotors for Enhanced Delivery. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7180-7193. [PMID: 37058432 PMCID: PMC10134497 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery depends on the ability of nanocarriers to reach the target site, which requires the penetration of different biological barriers. Penetration is usually low and slow because of passive diffusion and steric hindrance. Nanomotors (NMs) have been suggested as the next generation of nanocarriers in drug delivery due to their autonomous motion and associated mixing hydrodynamics, especially when acting collectively as a swarm. Here, we explore the concept of enzyme-powered NMs designed as such that they can exert disruptive mechanical forces upon laser irradiation. The urease-powered motion and swarm behavior improve translational movement compared to passive diffusion of state-of-the-art nanocarriers, while optically triggered vapor nanobubbles can destroy biological barriers and reduce steric hindrance. We show that these motors, named Swarm 1, collectively displace through a microchannel blocked with type 1 collagen protein fibers (barrier model), accumulate onto the fibers, and disrupt them completely upon laser irradiation. We evaluate the disruption of the microenvironment induced by these NMs (Swarm 1) by quantifying the efficiency by which a second type of fluorescent NMs (Swarm 2) can move through the cleared microchannel and be taken up by HeLa cells at the other side of the channel. Experiments showed that the delivery efficiency of Swarm 2 NMs in a clean path was increased 12-fold in the presence of urea as fuel compared to when no fuel was added. When the path was blocked with the collagen fibers, delivery efficiency dropped considerably and only depicted a 10-fold enhancement after pretreatment of the collagen-filled channel with Swarm 1 NMs and laser irradiation. The synergistic effect of active motion (chemically propelled) and mechanical disruption (light-triggered nanobubbles) of a biological barrier represents a clear advantage for the improvement of therapies which currently fail due to inadequate passage of drug delivery carriers through biological barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Fraire
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Guix
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament
de Ciéncia dels Materials i Química Física,
Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C. Hortelao
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Noelia Ruiz-González
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Anna C. Bakenecker
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Pouria Ramezani
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Hinnekens
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Catalan
Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jankhunthod S, Kaewket K, Termsombut P, Khamdang C, Ngamchuea K. Electrodeposited copper nanoparticles for creatinine detection via the in situ formation of copper-creatinine complexes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04699-3. [PMID: 37071142 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Creatinine is an important biomarker of kidney diseases. In this work, a fast and facile electrochemical sensor was developed for creatinine detection based on the use of copper nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrodes. The copper electrodes were prepared by simple electrodeposition of Cu2+ (aq). The electrochemically inactive creatinine was detected reductively via the in situ formation of copper-creatinine complexes. Two linear detection ranges, 0.28-3.0 mM and 3.0-20.0 mM, were achieved using differential pulse voltammetry, with the sensitivities of 0.824 ± 0.053 μA mM-1 and 0.132 ± 0.003 μA mM-1, respectively. The limit of detection was determined to be 0.084 mM. The sensor was validated in synthetic urine samples to yield 99.3% recovery (%RSD = 2.8), demonstrating high tolerance to possible interfering species. Finally, the stability of creatinine and its degradation kinetics at different temperatures were evaluated using our developed sensor. The loss of creatinine was found to be a first-order reaction with the activation energy of 64.7 kJ mol-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Jankhunthod
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Keerakit Kaewket
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Piyathida Termsombut
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Chadawan Khamdang
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kamonwad Ngamchuea
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence-Advanced Functional Materials, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tsermoula P, Rostved Bechshøft M, Friis C, Balling Engelsen S, Khakimov B. Molecular profiling of whey permeate reveals new insights into molecular affinities related to industrial unit operations during lactose production. Food Chem 2023; 420:136060. [PMID: 37086610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Lactose powder production from whey permeate generates various side-streams. Molecular profiling of these side-streams and lactose powder can help to detect minor compounds affecting lactose crystallization, lactose powder properties and document the composition of the underutilized side-streams. In this study, whey permeate, lactose powder and intermediate streams from trial lactose productions were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. In total, 110 compounds were identified and 49 were quantified. Linking the molecular profiles to in-process steps revealed differential compositional attenuation by the unit operations. Small molecules (e.g. methanol) and a few larger molecules (e.g. fatty acids) permeated reverse osmosis membrane, while twenty-three compounds (e.g. hydroxypyruvic acid, malonic acid, gluconic acid and ribonic acid) co-crystallized with lactose and ended up in lactose power. These results help to better understand and control lactose powder production and highlights possibilities to develop new food ingredients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Z, Wang L, Gao Z, Hao X, Luo M, Yu Z, Guan J. Ultrasmall Enzyme-Powered Janus Nanomotor Working in Blood Circulation System. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6023-6035. [PMID: 36892585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Injectable chemically powered nanomotors may revolutionize biomedical technologies, but to date, it is a challenge for them to move autonomously in the blood circulation system and they are too large in size to break through the biological barriers therein. Herein, we report a general scalable colloidal chemistry synthesis approach for the fabrication of ultrasmall urease-powered Janus nanomotors (UPJNMs) that have a size (100-30 nm) meeting the requirement to break through the biological barriers in the blood circulation system and can efficiently move in body fluids with only endogenous urea as fuel. In our protocol, the two hemispheroid surfaces of eccentric Au-polystyrene nanoparticles are stepwise grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) brushes and ureases via selective etching and chemical coupling, respectively, forming the UPJNMs. The UPJNMs have lasting powerful mobility with ionic tolerance and positive chemotaxis, while they are able to be dispersed steadily and self-propelled in real body fluids, as well as demonstrate good biosafety and a long circulation time in the blood circulation system of mice. Thus, the as-prepared UPJNMs are promising as an active theranostics nanosystem for future biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liangmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhixue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zili Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naz I, Tahira A, Shah AA, Bhatti MA, Mahar IA, Markhand MP, Mastoi GM, Nafady A, Medany SS, Dawi EA, Saleem LM, Vigolo B, Ibupoto ZH. Green Synthesis of NiO Nanoflakes Using Bitter Gourd Peel, and Their Electrochemical Urea Sensing Application. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:677. [PMID: 36985084 PMCID: PMC10053069 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To determine urea accurately in clinical samples, food samples, dairy products, and agricultural samples, a new analytical method is required, and non-enzymatic methods are preferred due to their low cost and ease of use. In this study, bitter gourd peel biomass waste is utilized to modify and structurally transform nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures during the low-temperature aqueous chemical growth method. As a result of the high concentration of phytochemicals, the surface was highly sensitive to urea oxidation under alkaline conditions of 0.1 M NaOH. We investigated the structure and shape of NiO nanostructures using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In spite of their flake-like morphology and excellent crystal quality, NiO nanostructures exhibited cubic phases. An investigation of the effects of bitter gourd juice demonstrated that a large volume of juice produced thin flakes measuring 100 to 200 nanometers in diameter. We are able to detect urea concentrations between 1-9 mM with a detection limit of 0.02 mM using our urea sensor. Additionally, the stability, reproducibility, repeatability, and selectivity of the sensor were examined. A variety of real samples, including milk, blood, urine, wheat flour, and curd, were used to test the non-enzymatic urea sensors. These real samples demonstrated the potential of the electrode device for measuring urea in a routine manner. It is noteworthy that bitter gourd contains phytochemicals that are capable of altering surfaces and activating catalytic reactions. In this way, new materials can be developed for a wide range of applications, including biomedicine, energy production, and environmental protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irum Naz
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.T.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Aneela Tahira
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.T.); (G.M.M.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs 66111, Pakistan;
| | - Aqeel Ahmed Shah
- Wet Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ali Bhatti
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ali Mahar
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.T.); (G.M.M.)
| | | | - Ghulam Murtaza Mastoi
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.T.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shymaa S. Medany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
| | - Elmuez A. Dawi
- Nonlinear Dynamics Research Centre (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lama M. Saleem
- Biomolecular Science, Earth and Life Science, Amsterdam University, De Boelelaan 1 105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Brigitte Vigolo
- Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.T.); (G.M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A urine-based ELISA with recombinant non-glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4345. [PMID: 36927952 PMCID: PMC10018619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays have been widely used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which are generated from previous exposure to the virus or after vaccination. The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid antibodies was recently reported in patients´ urine using an in-house urine-based ELISA-platform, allowing a non-invasive way to collect clinical samples and assess immune conversion. In the current study, we evaluated and validated another in-house urine-based ELISA for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies. Three partial recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins comprising the Receptor Binding Domain, expressed in eukaryotic or prokaryotic systems, were tested in an ELISA platform against a panel of over 140 urine and paired serum samples collected from 106 patients confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 by qRT-PCR. The key findings from our study were that anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies could be detected in urine samples and that the prokaryotic expression of the rSARS-CoV-2 Spike protein was not a barrier to obtain relatively high serology efficiency for the urine-based assay. Thus, use of a urine-based ELISA assay with partial rSARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins, expressed in a prokaryotic system, could be considered as a convenient tool for screening for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies, and overcome the difficulties arising from sample collection and the need for recombinant proteins produced with eukaryotic expression systems.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang H, Peng F, Tu Y. Active therapy based on the byproducts of micro/nanomotors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:953-962. [PMID: 36537366 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05818a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Different from traditional colloidal particles based on Brownian motion, micro/nanomotors are micro/nanoscale devices capable of performing complex tasks in liquid media via transforming various energy sources into mechanical motion or actuation. Such unique self-propulsion endows motors with fantastic capabilities to access and enter the deep layer of targeted diseased tissue, which in turn breaks through the limitation of the poor permeability of traditional pharmaceutical preparations, thus providing giant prospects for active therapy. It is noteworthy that recently several studies, which utilized the byproducts generated in situ by micro/nanomotors to achieve active therapy, in a truly green zero-waste manner, have been carried out. In this minireview, we highlight the recent efforts with respect to active therapy based on the byproducts of micro/nanomotors, expecting to motivate readers to expand the practical biomedical application scope of micro/nanomotors in a broader horizon. Accompanied by ever booming enthusiasm and persevering exploration, micro/nanomotors are on their way to revolutionize conventional fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Song FX, Xu X, Ding H, Yu L, Huang H, Hao J, Wu C, Liang R, Zhang S. Recent Progress in Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors and Theranostic Nanomedicine for Bladder Cancer. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:106. [PMID: 36671940 PMCID: PMC9855444 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most expensive and common malignancies in the urinary system due to its high progression and recurrence rate. Although there are various methods, including cystoscopy, biopsy, and cytology, that have become the standard diagnosis methods for BCa, their intrinsic invasive and inaccurate properties need to be overcome. The novel urine cancer biomarkers are assisted by nanomaterials-based biosensors, such as field-effect transistors (FETs) with high sensitivity and specificity, which may provide solutions to these problems. In addition, nanomaterials can be applied for the advancement of next-generation optical imaging techniques and the contrast agents of conventional techniques; for example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of BCa. Regarding BCa therapy, nanocarriers, including mucoadhesive nanoparticles and other polymeric nanoparticles, successfully overcome the disadvantages of conventional intravesical instillation and improve the efficacy and safety of intravesical chemotherapy for BCa. Aside from chemotherapy, nanomedicine-based novel therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and combination therapy, have afforded us new ways to provide BC therapy and hope, which can be translated into the clinic. In addition, nanomotors and the nanomaterials-based solid tumor disassociation strategy provide new ideas for future research. Here, the advances in BCa diagnosis and therapy mentioned above are reviewed in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Xin Song
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaojian Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hengze Ding
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Le Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haochen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinting Hao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chenghao Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hopsort G, Carmo DPD, Latapie L, Loubière K, Serrano KG, Tzedakis T. Progress toward a better understanding of the urea oxidation by electromediation of Ni(II)/Ni(III) system in alkaline media. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
17
|
Feng Y, Liu S, Zha R, Sun X, Li K, Wu D, Aryal UK, Koch M, Li BY, Yokota H. Prostate cancer-associated urinary proteomes differ before and after prostatectomy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221131532. [PMID: 36324734 PMCID: PMC9618752 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221131532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide range of disorders can be detected in the urine. Tumor-modifying proteins in the urine may serve as a diagnostic tool for cancer patients and the alterations in their profiles may indicate efficacies of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. METHODS We focused on urinary proteomes of patients with prostate cancer and identified tumor-modifying proteins in the samples before and after prostatectomy. Protein array analysis was conducted to evaluate a differential profile of tumor-promoting cytokines, while mass spectrometry-based global proteomics was conducted to identify tumor-suppressing proteins. RESULTS The result revealed striking differences by prostatectomy. Notably, the urine from the post-prostatectomy significantly decreased the tumorigenic behaviors of prostate tumor cells as well as breast cancer cells. We observed that angiogenin, a stimulator of blood vessel formation, was reduced in the post-prostatectomy urine. By contrast, the levels of three cell-membrane proteins such as prostasin (PRSS8), nectin 2 (PVRL2), and nidogen 1 (NID1) were elevated and they acted as extracellular tumor-suppressing proteins. These three proteins, given extracellularly, downregulated tumorigenic genes such as Runx2, Snail, and transforming growth factor beta and induced apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the role of NID1 differed depending on the location, and intracellular NID1 was tumorigenic and reduced the percent survival. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that prostatectomy remarkably altered the profile of urinary proteomes, and the post-prostatectomy urine provided tumor-suppressive proteomes. The result sheds novel light on the dynamic nature of the urinary proteomes and a unique strategy for predicting tumor suppressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rongrong Zha
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Koch
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vera-Estrada IL, Olivares-Ramírez JM, Rodríguez-Reséndiz J, Dector A, Mendiola-Santibañez JD, Amaya-Cruz DM, Sosa-Domínguez A, Ortega-Díaz D, Dector D, Ovando-Medina VM, Antonio-Carmona ID. Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6641. [PMID: 36081100 PMCID: PMC9460395 DOI: 10.3390/s22176641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The direct integration of paper-based microfluidic fuel cells (μFC's) toward creating autonomous lateral flow assays has attracted attention. Here, we show that an air-breathing paper-based μFC could be used as a power supply in pregnancy tests by oxidizing the human urine used for the diagnosis. We present an air-breathing paper-based μFC connected to a pregnancy test, and for the first time, as far as we know, it is powered by human urine without needing any external electrolyte. It uses TiO2-Ni as anode and Pt/C as cathode; the performance shows a maximum value of voltage and current and power densities of ∼0.96 V, 1.00 mA cm-2, and 0.23 mW cm-2, respectively. Furthermore, we present a simple design of a paper-based μFC's stack powered with urine that shows a maximum voltage and maximum current and power densities of ∼1.89 V, 2.77 mA cm-2 and 1.38 mW cm-2, respectively, which powers the display of a pregnancy test allowing to see the analysis results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Lucia Vera-Estrada
- Departamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Olivares-Ramírez
- Departamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, Mexico
| | | | - Andrés Dector
- Departamento de Energías Renovables, Conacyt-Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, Mexico
| | | | - Diana María Amaya-Cruz
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Amealco, Camacho Guzmán, Amealco 76894, Mexico
| | - Adrían Sosa-Domínguez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas S/N-Edificio 5, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - David Ortega-Díaz
- Departamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, Mexico
| | - Diana Dector
- Departamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, Mexico
| | - Victor Manuel Ovando-Medina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano (COARA), Matehuala 78700, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee CU, Ma S, Ahn J, Kyhm J, Tan J, Lee H, Jang G, Park YS, Yun J, Lee J, Son J, Park JS, Moon J. Tailoring the Time-Averaged Structure for Polarization-Sensitive Chiral Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16020-16033. [PMID: 36036662 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for polarization-sensing materials. Despite their excellent chiroptical properties, the nature of their multiple-quantum-well structures is a critical hurdle for polarization-based and spintronic applications. Furthermore, as the origin of chiroptical activity in chiral perovskites is still illusive, the strategy for simultaneously enhancing the chiroptical activity and charge transport has not yet been reported. Here, we demonstrated that incorporating a Lewis base into the lattice can effectively tune the chiroptical response and electrical properties of chiral perovskites. Through solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations, it was demonstrated that the material property manipulation resulted from the change in the time-averaged structure induced by the Lewis base. Finally, as a preliminary proof of concept, a vertical-type circularly polarized light photodetector based on chiral perovskites was developed, exhibiting an outstanding performance with a distinguishability of 0.27 and a responsivity of 0.43 A W-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Uk Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Technology Support Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunihl Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Technology Support Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kyhm
- Technology Support Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeiwan Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyumin Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwon Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sang Park
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Punjabi K, Adhikary RR, Patnaik A, Bendale P, Saxena S, Banerjee R. Lectin-Functionalized Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based Biosensor for Point-of-Care Detection of Bacterial Infections. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1552-1563. [PMID: 35920551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The WHO estimates an average of 10 million deaths per year due to the increasing number of infections and the predominance of drug resistance. To improve clinical outcomes and contain the spread of infections, the development of newer diagnostic tools is imperative to reduce the time and cost involved to reach the farthest population. The current study focuses on the development of a point-of-care technology that uses crystal violet entrapped, lectin functionalized chitosan nanoparticles to detect the presence of clinically relevant bacterial infections. Spherical nanoparticles of <200 nm in diameter make up the biosensing nanomaterial, showed specific clumping in the presence of bacteria to form visible aggregates as compared to a nonbacterial sample. Visible agglutination confirmed the presence of bacteria in the samples. The devices require just 100 μL of sample and were tested with various bacteria-spiked saline, simulated urine, artificial sputum, and simulated respiratory and wound swabs. The developed device did not require any sample preparation or sophisticated instruments while enabling rapid differentiation between bacterial and nonbacterial infections within 10 min. The in vitro results with bacteria-spiked simulated samples reveal 100% sensitivity and specificity with a limit of detection of 105 cfu/mL. The nanomaterial developed was found to be stable for more than 90 days at accelerated conditions. The developed device can be a screening tool for home-based or clinical assessment and follow the treatment accordingly, reducing exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics in the case of nonbacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Punjabi
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Rishi Rajat Adhikary
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Aishani Patnaik
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Prachi Bendale
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Survanshu Saxena
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ismail M, Xiangke W, Cazzato G, Anwar Saleemi H, Khan A, Ismail A, Zahid M, Farooq Khan M. Role of silver nanoparticles in fluorimetric determination of urea in urine samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120889. [PMID: 35051795 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an economical, analytical and sensitive method was established for the fluorometric determination of urea using freshly prepared silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in real urine samples. The standard addition and second-order derivative methods were selected for the ongoing research work to eliminate the possible effect of interferences in a real environment. In this work, Ag-NPs were prepared by reducing silver nitrate salt in the presence of 1,3-di-(1H-imidazole-1-yl) -2-propanol (DIPO) in an aqueous medium. Urea in the urine samples was successfully determined through the complexation of Ag-NPs with urea molecules. The results revealed high percent recovery with ± RSD of urea in the three different urine samples, where percent recoveries by spectrofluorometric standard addition were 99.77 ± 3.4, 100.24 ± 5.1, 100.93 ± 2.8 and that is by the spectrofluorometric second-order derivative method were 103.57 ± 2.4, 101.8 ± 1.3, 98 ± 3.2, respectively. The successful application of these analytical methods in the spectrofluorometric determination of urea in urine samples can accumulate further addition in the effects and possible role of Ag-NPs in the determination of biological molecules in biological and non-biological samples in the scientific as well as clinical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ismail
- College of Energy Dynamics and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wang Xiangke
- College of Energy Dynamics and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Section of Pathology, Italy
| | - Hassan Anwar Saleemi
- Higher College of Technology, HCT Abu Dhabi Men's College Campus ETS Chemical Engineering Division, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayub Khan
- College of Energy Dynamics and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Blazanin M, Lam WT, Vasen E, Chan BK, Turner PE. Decay and damage of therapeutic phage OMKO1 by environmental stressors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263887. [PMID: 35196336 PMCID: PMC8865689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens are increasingly prevalent, driving the need for alternative approaches to chemical antibiotics when treating infections. One such approach is bacteriophage therapy: the use of bacteria-specific viruses that lyse (kill) their host cells. Just as the effect of environmental conditions (e.g. elevated temperature) on antibiotic efficacy is well-studied, the effect of environmental stressors on the potency of phage therapy candidates demands examination. Therapeutic phage OMKO1 infects and kills the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we used phage OMKO1 as a model to test how environmental stressors can lead to damage and decay of virus particles. We assessed the effects of elevated temperatures, saline concentrations, and urea concentrations. We observed that OMKO1 particles were highly tolerant to different saline concentrations, but decayed more rapidly at elevated temperatures and under high concentrations of urea. Additionally, we found that exposure to elevated temperature reduced the ability of surviving phage particles to suppress the growth of P. aeruginosa, suggesting a temperature-induced damage. Our findings demonstrate that OMKO1 is highly tolerant to a range of conditions that could be experienced inside and outside the human body, while also showing the need for careful characterization of therapeutic phages to ensure that environmental exposure does not compromise their expected potency, dosing, and pharmacokinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Blazanin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Wai Tin Lam
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Emma Vasen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Benjamin K. Chan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Turner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Program in Microbiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khalil A, Kashif M. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Quantitative Analysis: A Review for Its Application in the Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Domains. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:997-1011. [PMID: 34752175 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a rapid and accurate analytical tool for qualification and quantification. The capacity of NMR of being quantitative can also justify the calibration of other analytical methods. In pharmaceutical domain, quantitative NMR (qNMR) can be applied in the identification and quantification of drug simultaneously. The early drug development stage requires a minimum sample for analysis. Thus, priority should be given to utilize this technique to attain results with least investment, rapid analysis time and minimum sample consumption. This technique is a significant phenomenon to identify impurities, drug substance, residual solvents of in-process control (IPC) samples and characterizing the formulations. From an analyst's perspective, qNMR proved to be a routine practice in pharmaceutical industry to qualify any drug product. The absolute and relative methods offer great help in quantifying the component of interest in the process control samples and finished products. This review highlights the evolution of NMR application in the pharmaceutical industry, where determining the purity of drug substance, drug product and establishing the identity of impurities and its level are the challenging aspects. NMR in medicinal field emerging as a numero uno for Covid-19 severity detection and its dire consequences, accelerated vaccine development and the mapping of SAR-COV-2 RNA and proteins via chemical shift assignments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adila Khalil
- Analytical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif
- Analytical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alcicek S, Put P, Barskiy D, Kontul V, Pustelny S. Zero-Field NMR of Urea: Spin-Topology Engineering by Chemical Exchange. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10671-10676. [PMID: 34705470 PMCID: PMC8573776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Well-resolved and information-rich J-spectra are the foundation for chemical detection in zero-field NMR. However, even for relatively small molecules, spectra exhibit complexity, hindering the analysis. To address this problem, we investigate an example biomolecule with a complex J-coupling network─urea, a key metabolite in protein catabolism─and demonstrate ways of simplifying its zero-field spectra by modifying spin topology. This goal is achieved by controlling pH-dependent chemical exchange rates of 1H nuclei and varying the composition of the D2O/H2O mixture used as a solvent. Specifically, we demonstrate that by increasing the proton exchange rate in the [13C,15N2]-urea solution, the spin system simplifies, manifesting through a single narrow spectral peak. Additionally, we show that the spectra of 1H/D isotopologues of [15N2]-urea can be understood easily by analyzing isolated spin subsystems. This study paves the way for zero-field NMR detection of complex biomolecules, particularly in biofluids with a high concentration of water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Alcicek
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Put
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Danila Barskiy
- Helmholtz
Institute Mainz, GSI Helmholtz Center
for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kontul
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Pustelny
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Helena H, Ivona V, Roman Ř, František F. Current applications of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the analysis of biologically important analytes in urine (2017 to mid-2021): A review. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:305-324. [PMID: 34538010 PMCID: PMC9292318 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis coupled online with mass detection is a modern tool for analyzing wide ranges of compounds in complex samples, including urine. Capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry allows the separation and identification of various analytes spanning from small ions to high molecular weight protein complexes. Similarly to the much more common liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry techniques, the capillary electrophoresis separation reduces the complexity of the mixture of analytes entering the mass spectrometer resulting in reduced ion suppression and a more straightforward interpretation of the mass spectrometry data. This review summarizes capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry studies published between the years 2017 and 2021, aiming at the determination of various compounds excreted in urine. The properties of the urine, including its diagnostical and analytical features and chemical composition, are also discussed including general protocols for the urine sample preparation. The mechanism of the electrophoretic separation and the instrumentation for capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry coupling is also included. This review shows the potential of the capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry technique for the analyses of different kinds of analytes in a complex biological matrix. The discussed applications are divided into two main groups (capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for the determination of drugs and drugs of abuse in urine and capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for the studies of urinary metabolome).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hrušková Helena
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Voráčová Ivona
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Řemínek Roman
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Foret František
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schlickmann DS, Molz P, Brand C, Dos Santos C, da Silva TG, Rieger A, Benito PJ, Reuter CP, Renner JDP, Rech Franke SI. Liver and kidney function markers among gym users: the role of dietary supplement usage. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1-8. [PMID: 34511159 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplements have been increasingly used by gym users and are often consumed without the guidance of a health professional. Moreover, the indiscriminate supplements use can have adverse health effects, such as changes in liver and kidney function. The aim of this study was to verify the association between dietary supplements intake with alterations in the liver and kidney function among gym users. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 594 gym users (mean age 37 (sd 14) years, 55·2 % women) from a city in southern Brazil. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the use of dietary supplements. The markers of the liver (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase) and renal (creatinine and urea) function were also evaluated on a subsample of the study population. Data were analysed by binary logistic regression, adjusted for sex, age and education. The prevalence of dietary supplement intake was 36·0 %. Individuals who intake dietary supplements showed a higher prevalence to present slight alterations in the AST enzyme and in the urea after adjustments for potential confounders. In conclusion, the use of dietary supplement was associated with slight alterations in AST enzyme and in the urea among gym users. These findings show the importance of using supplements correctly, especially with guidance from professionals trained to avoid possible risks to health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diene S Schlickmann
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Molz
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brand
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Thalia G da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rieger
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, España
| | - Cézane P Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Jane D P Renner
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia I Rech Franke
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhu R, Chen Y, Liu X, Xu J, Li M, Wang D. Urea Detection of Electrochemical Transistor Sensors based on Polyanline (PANI)/MWCNT/Cotton Yarns. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Yuedan Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Rufeng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Jia Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Mufang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application Wuhan 430200 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Singaram S, Ramakrishnan K, Periasamy S. Quantification of sweat urea in diabetes using electro-optical technique. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 34384074 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac1d3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one result of prolonged elevation in blood glucose level. When insulin secretion reduces, serum urea level increases and vice versa is also true. Hence monitoring urea level in blood is important in diabetic subjects. Any change in serum urea will have impact on sweat urea concentration. Attempted in this study is to develop an optical device for quantifying sweat urea concentration. It uses light sources, light sensors with time and intensity controlled operation and suitable calibration algorithm. Sweat samples are collected from group of volunteers belonging to control and diabetes. After sedimentation and suitable pre-processing, sweat samples are irradiated by primary colour light sources operated sequentially. Reflected light intensity is used to compute the sweat urea concentration. Obtained results when compared with standard lab techniques like UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and colorimeter, correlation of 98% with error less than 3% is achieved. Results also demonstrate elevation in sweat urea level with years of diabetes, in spite of serum urea level being within limits. We extended the study on kidney disease subject and observed the influence of blood glucose on urea. Therefore the proposed device can be used to measure sweat urea periodically so that any change can be observed at an early stage and diabetic nephropathy could be prevented at large.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Singaram
- Biomedical Engineering , Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Rajalakshmi Nagar, thnadalam, chennai, Chennai, 602105, INDIA
| | - Kalpana Ramakrishnan
- Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil nadu, 602105, INDIA
| | - Soundararajan Periasamy
- Department of Nephrology, Saveetha University Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Smartphone-assisted point-of-care colorimetric biosensor for the detection of urea via pH-mediated AgNPs growth. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1170:338630. [PMID: 34090590 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone-assisted point-of-care (POC) bioassay has brought a giant leap in personal healthcare system and environmental monitoring advancements. In this study, we developed a rapid and reliable colorimetric urea biosensor assisted by a smartphone. We employed hydrolysis of urea into NH3 by urease, which activates the reduction power of tannic acid, to generate silver nanoparticles for a dramatic colorimetric response. The proposed urea biosensor was validated in a solution to provide high selectivity against various interferents in human urine. It had high sensitivity, with a limit of detection as low as 0.0036 mM, and a high reliability of 99% ± 2.9% via the standard addition method. The urea biosensor was successfully implanted on a paper to facilitate smartphone-assisted POC readout with a limit of detection of 0.58 mM and wide detection range of 500 mM, whereby direct diagnosis of human urine without dilution was realized. Our smartphone-assisted POC colorimetric urea biosensor will pave the way for daily monitoring systems of renal and hepatic dysfunction diseases.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bessaiah H, Pokharel P, Loucif H, Kulbay M, Sasseville C, Habouria H, Houle S, Bernier J, Massé É, Van Grevenynghe J, Dozois CM. The RyfA small RNA regulates oxidative and osmotic stress responses and virulence in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009617. [PMID: 34043736 PMCID: PMC8205139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common bacterial infectious disease in humans, and strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the most frequent cause of UTIs. During infection, UPEC must cope with a variety of stressful conditions in the urinary tract. Here, we demonstrate that the small RNA (sRNA) RyfA of UPEC strains is required for resistance to oxidative and osmotic stresses. Transcriptomic analysis of the ryfA mutant showed changes in expression of genes associated with general stress responses, metabolism, biofilm formation and genes coding for cell surface proteins. Inactivation of ryfA in UPEC strain CFT073 decreased urinary tract colonization in mice and the ryfA mutant also had reduced production of type 1 and P fimbriae (pili), adhesins which are known to be important for UTI. Furthermore, loss of ryfA also reduced UPEC survival in human macrophages. Thus, ryfA plays a key regulatory role in UPEC adaptation to stress, which contributes to UTI and survival in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Bessaiah
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
- CRIPA-Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Pravil Pokharel
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
- CRIPA-Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Hamza Loucif
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Merve Kulbay
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Sasseville
- Department of Biochemistry, RNA Group, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hajer Habouria
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
- CRIPA-Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Houle
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
- CRIPA-Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Massé
- Department of Biochemistry, RNA Group, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Charles M. Dozois
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
- CRIPA-Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hortelao AC, Simó C, Guix M, Guallar-Garrido S, Julián E, Vilela D, Rejc L, Ramos-Cabrer P, Cossío U, Gómez-Vallejo V, Patiño T, Llop J, Sánchez S. Swarming behavior and in vivo monitoring of enzymatic nanomotors within the bladder. Sci Robot 2021; 6:6/52/eabd2823. [PMID: 34043548 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abd2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-powered nanomotors are an exciting technology for biomedical applications due to their ability to navigate within biological environments using endogenous fuels. However, limited studies into their collective behavior and demonstrations of tracking enzyme nanomotors in vivo have hindered progress toward their clinical translation. Here, we report the swarming behavior of urease-powered nanomotors and its tracking using positron emission tomography (PET), both in vitro and in vivo. For that, mesoporous silica nanoparticles containing urease enzymes and gold nanoparticles were used as nanomotors. To image them, nanomotors were radiolabeled with either 124I on gold nanoparticles or 18F-labeled prosthetic group to urease. In vitro experiments showed enhanced fluid mixing and collective migration of nanomotors, demonstrating higher capability to swim across complex paths inside microfabricated phantoms, compared with inactive nanomotors. In vivo intravenous administration in mice confirmed their biocompatibility at the administered dose and the suitability of PET to quantitatively track nanomotors in vivo. Furthermore, nanomotors were administered directly into the bladder of mice by intravesical injection. When injected with the fuel, urea, a homogeneous distribution was observed even after the entrance of fresh urine. By contrast, control experiments using nonmotile nanomotors (i.e., without fuel or without urease) resulted in sustained phase separation, indicating that the nanomotors' self-propulsion promotes convection and mixing in living reservoirs. Active collective dynamics, together with the medical imaging tracking, constitute a key milestone and a step forward in the field of biomedical nanorobotics, paving the way toward their use in theranostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Hortelao
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristina Simó
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 San Sebastian, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Maria Guix
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Sandra Guallar-Garrido
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Julián
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Vilela
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Luka Rejc
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 San Sebastian, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 San Sebastian, Guipúzcoa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Unai Cossío
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 San Sebastian, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 San Sebastian, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Tania Patiño
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain. .,Chemistry Department, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 San Sebastian, Guipúzcoa, Spain.
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain. .,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Anil AG, Sunil Kumar Naik T, Subramanian S, Ramamurthy PC. A novel non-enzymatic urea sensor based on the nickel complex of a benzimidazoyl pyridine derivative. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Kim YJ, Park SY. Optical Multisensor Array with Functionalized Photonic Droplets by an Interpenetrating Polymer Network for Human Blood Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47342-47354. [PMID: 33030883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photonic solid-state cholesteric liquid crystal (CLCsolid) droplets intertwined with a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) network that has an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure (referred to as photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets) were used as individual sensors in the dots of a PAA-patterned array film after functionalization via immobilization of the receptors and a metal-ion treatment. The photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets in the PAA-patterned array film were pH-responsive and showed an observable change in the reflected central color. This "smart" property, coupled with the photonic color response, makes these devices ideal photonic sensors. The immobilization of urease and phenylboronic acid on the PAA network allowed for the application of several 10 μm photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets to the optical photonic biosensors through facilitated volumetric changes in the PAA network in response to urea and glucose analytes, with high selectivity for major components in human serum, acceptable sensitivity for use with human serum, and extreme stability due to a solid-state structure. The blueshift of the reflected color of the KOH-treated photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets could be used for divalent metal-ion detection. The compartmentalized photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets in the patterned array film could be used for multiple detection applications, as evidenced by the ability to conduct pH, divalent metal ion, urea, and glucose detections in one patterned array film. This new platform opens the door for many interesting applications with numerous combinations of responsive hydrogel matrices and receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Kim
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Park
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Prudente M, Massazza DA, Busalmen JP, Romeo HE. Urine dilution with a synthetic wastewater (Syntho) boosts the electricity production in a bio-electrochemical system powered by un-pretreated human urine. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107639. [PMID: 32942188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human urine can be turned into electricity in bio-electrochemical systems. The acclimation of electro-active bacteria to culture media with increasing urine concentrations has led to raising the obtained current densities, which typically followed a Monod-like evolution profile as a function of urine concentration. However, the acclimation protocol has been so far evaluated using pretreated urine samples (fermented or precipitated), not raw (un-pretreated) urine. We demonstrate that, when un-pretreated urine is used, the microbial adaptation to increasingly concentrated urine leads to a current density profile that does not reach a saturation-like phase, but follows a Han/Levenspiel-type trend (bell-shaped). By diluting un-pretreated urine with a synthetic domestic wastewater (Syntho) up to concentrations matching those of the maximum in the Han/Levenspiel-like current profile (15-20% v/v) it is possible to avoid the drop in the electro-active response, generating anodic current densities as high as 3.6 ± 0.2 A.m-2 (per actual surface area), 35-fold higher than those reached in pure un-pretreated urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Prudente
- División Polímeros Nanoestructurados, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego A Massazza
- División Ingeniería de Interfases y Bio-procesos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan P Busalmen
- División Ingeniería de Interfases y Bio-procesos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Hernán E Romeo
- División Polímeros Nanoestructurados, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Punjabi K, Adhikary RR, Patnaik A, Bendale P, Singh S, Saxena S, Banerjee R. Core-shell nanoparticles as platform technologies for paper based point-of-care devices to detect antimicrobial resistance. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6296-6306. [PMID: 32441292 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00731e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Globally, rapid development of antibiotic resistance amongst pathogens has led to limited treatment options and high indirect costs to health management. There is a need to avoid misuse of available antibiotics and to develop rapid, affordable and accessible diagnostic technologies to detect drug resistance even in resource limited settings. This study reports the development of instrument-free point-of-care devices for detection of antibiotic resistance for rapid diagnosis of drug resistance in the penicillin, cephalosporin and carbapenem groups of antibiotics. The simple paper-based devices for flow through assay determine the presence of resistant bacteria in a sample by a visible colour change within 30 minutes. At the center of this technology is the unique sensing nanomaterial comprising of core-shell nanoparticles layered with specific antibiotics. The core is comprised of chitosan nanoparticles of size ∼15 nm coated with the starch-iodine indicator to form a shell increasing the size to ∼47 nm. The test strip is coated with the nanoparticles, air-dried and overlayed with the required antibiotic. In the presence of penicillin, cephalosporin and carbapenem resistant bacteria, the core-shell nanoparticles undergo a visible colour change from blue to white. The core-shell nanoparticles were deposited on paper to form a point-of-care device. Devices were developed to screen for three main classes of antibiotics namely penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems. The devices were validated using standard resistant and susceptible ATCC strains in three different sample types, pure colony, broth culture and saline suspensions. The change of colour from blue to white was considered a positive test. The time of detection was found to be 30 min, while the limit of detection was 105 cfu ml-1. The device exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity with known resistant and susceptible cultures not only from pure colonies but also from direct samples of spiked saline suspensions with graded confounding factors of albumin, glucose, and urea. The inter-device reproducibility and storage stability of the devices was established. The developed point-of-care devices have potential as screening devices for antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Punjabi
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Choi H, Cho SH, Hahn SK. Urease-Powered Polydopamine Nanomotors for Intravesical Therapy of Bladder Diseases. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6683-6692. [PMID: 32491832 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intravesical therapeutic delivery has been extensively investigated for various bladder diseases such as bladder cancer, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and interstitial cystitis. However, conventional drug carriers have a low therapeutic delivery efficiency because of the passive diffusion of drug molecules in a bladder and the rapid clearance by periodic urination. Here, we report biocompatible and bioavailable enzyme-powered polymer nanomotors which can deeply penetrate into a mucosa layer of the bladder wall and remain for a long-term period in the bladder. The successful fabrication of nanomotors was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray mapping, zeta-potential analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and urease activity and nanomotor trajectory analyses. After injection into the bladder, urease-immobilized nanomotors became active, moving around in the bladder by converting urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. The nanomotors resulted in the facilitated penetration to the mucosa layer of the bladder wall and the prolonged retention in the bladder even after repeated urination. The enhanced penetration and retention of the nanomotors as a drug delivery carrier in the bladder would be successfully harnessed for treating a variety of bladder diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsik Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Seong Hwi Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Takis PG, Jiménez B, Sands CJ, Chekmeneva E, Lewis MR. SMolESY: an efficient and quantitative alternative to on-instrument macromolecular 1H-NMR signal suppression. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6000-6011. [PMID: 34094091 PMCID: PMC8159292 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01421d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy is an established technique for measuring small molecules in a wide variety of complex biological sample types. It is demonstrably reproducible, easily automatable and consequently ideal for routine and large-scale application. However, samples containing proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and other macromolecules produce broad signals which overlap and convolute those from small molecules. NMR experiment types designed to suppress macromolecular signals during acquisition may be additionally performed, however these approaches add to the overall sample analysis time and cost, especially for large cohort studies, and fail to produce reliably quantitative data. Here, we propose an alternative way of computationally eliminating macromolecular signals, employing the mathematical differentiation of standard 1H-NMR spectra, producing small molecule-enhanced spectra with preserved quantitative capability and increased resolution. Our approach, presented in its simplest form, was implemented in a cheminformatic toolbox and successfully applied to more than 3000 samples of various biological matrices rich or potentially rich with macromolecules, offering an efficient alternative to on-instrument experimentation, facilitating NMR use in routine and large-scale applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panteleimon G Takis
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus IRDB Building London W12 0NN UK
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus IRDB Building London W12 0NN UK
| | - Caroline J Sands
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus IRDB Building London W12 0NN UK
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus IRDB Building London W12 0NN UK
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus IRDB Building London W12 0NN UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dinges SS, Hohm A, Vandergrift LA, Nowak J, Habbel P, Kaltashov IA, Cheng LL. Cancer metabolomic markers in urine: evidence, techniques and recommendations. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 16:339-362. [PMID: 31092915 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tests have been used as noninvasive, cost-effective tools for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of diseases since ancient times. As we progress through the 21st century, modern analytical platforms have enabled effective measurement of metabolites, with promising results for both a deeper understanding of cancer pathophysiology and, ultimately, clinical translation. The first study to measure metabolomic urinary cancer biomarkers using NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) was published in 2006 and, since then, these techniques have been used to detect cancers of the urological system (kidney, prostate and bladder) and nonurological tumours including those of the breast, ovary, lung, liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, bone and blood. This growing field warrants an assessment of the current status of research developments and recommendations to help systematize future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Dinges
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Haematology and Oncology, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Hohm
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lindsey A Vandergrift
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes Nowak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Piet Habbel
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Leo L Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Bacteria can migrate in groups of flagella-driven cells over semisolid surfaces. This coordinated form of motility is called swarming behavior. Swarming is associated with enhanced virulence and antibiotic resistance of various human pathogens and may be considered as favorable adaptation to the diverse challenges that microbes face in rapidly changing environments. Consequently, the differentiation of motile swarmer cells is tightly regulated and involves multi-layered signaling networks. Controlling swarming behavior is of major interest for the development of novel anti-infective strategies. In addition, compounds that block swarming represent important tools for more detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms of the coordination of bacterial population behavior. Over the past decades, there has been major progress in the discovery of small-molecule modulators and mechanisms that allow selective inhibition of swarming behavior. Herein, an overview of the achievements in the field and future directions and challenges will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Rütschlin
- Department of ChemistryKonstanz Research, School Chemical Biology, ZukunftskollegUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
| | - Thomas Böttcher
- Department of ChemistryKonstanz Research, School Chemical Biology, ZukunftskollegUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kalasin S, Sangnuang P, Khownarumit P, Tang IM, Surareungchai W. Evidence of Cu(I) Coupling with Creatinine Using Cuprous Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Polyacrylic Acid Gel-Cu(II) in Facilitating the Determination of Advanced Kidney Dysfunctions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1247-1258. [PMID: 33464870 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical-based sensor created for creatinine detection has been developed for early point-of-care (POC) of diagnosis of renal illnesses. Useful information for the preventive diagnosis and clinical treatments of congenital disorders of creatinine mechanism, advanced liver and kidney diseases, and renal dysfunction can be obtained by the noninvasive evaluation of the creatinine levels in urine. The direct detection of creatinine can be achieved using the modified nanocomposite of cuprous nanoparticles encapsulated by polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel-Cu(II) fabricating on a screen-printed carbon electrode. Here, we report that the degree of kidney dysfunction failure can be determined by an amount of Cu(I) bound with the creatinine through the adsorptive mechanism on the modified electrode. Under cyclic voltammetry scans, the amount of creatinine was measured from the adsorptive signals of the redox peak current identifying the Cu(I)-creatinine complex with a natural logarithm of the creatinine concentration ranging from 200 μM to 100 mM. For this detection range, the theoretical calculation was postulated to describe experimental behaviors of the adsorptive mechanism as creatinine diffused to adsorb on the composite-modified electrode to reduce oxidized copper nanoparticles and transformed to Cu(II)-creatinine complexes. Interestingly, there was evidence that anodic peak potentials had been reduced in magnitudes and shifted negatively by natural logarithm during the formation of the Cu(I)-creatinine complex. For practical usage in POC technology, the creatinine detection in interference was carried out using differential pulse voltammetry to solely determine faradaic currents of creatinine-copper formation. With the interference of urea, glucose, ascorbic acid, glycine, and uric acid in artificial urine, the sensor showed promising results of the interference-free determination with 99.4% sensitivity efficiency, whereas for human urine interference, this sensor showed 85% sensitivity efficiency in detecting creatinine. This shows that this composite-modified sensor (PAA gel-Cu(II)/Cu2O NPs) has great potential for use in the next-generation devices for creatinine sensing to determine the progression in kidney dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surachate Kalasin
- Faculty of Science and Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Graduate Program, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Pantawan Sangnuang
- Pilot Plant Research and Development Laboratory, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Porntip Khownarumit
- Pilot Plant Research and Development Laboratory, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - I Ming Tang
- Computation and Applied Science for Smart Innovation Cluster (CLASSIC), Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Werasak Surareungchai
- Faculty of Science and Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Graduate Program, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.,School of Bioresource and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Morales-Cruz M, Solis-Marcano NE, Binder C, Priest C, Cabrera CR. Electrochemical Proteus vulgaris whole cell urea sensor in synthetic urine. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
42
|
Xie WQ, Yu KX, Gong YX. A fast and simple headspace gas chromatographic technique for quantitatively analyzing urea in human urine. Anal Biochem 2019; 576:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
43
|
Zhang Y, Guo H, Kim SB, Wu Y, Ostojich D, Park SH, Wang X, Weng Z, Li R, Bandodkar AJ, Sekine Y, Choi J, Xu S, Quaggin S, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Passive sweat collection and colorimetric analysis of biomarkers relevant to kidney disorders using a soft microfluidic system. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1545-1555. [PMID: 30912557 PMCID: PMC6830512 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rich range of biomarkers in sweat and the ability to collect sweat in a non-invasive manner create interest in the use of this biofluid for assessments of health and physiological status, with potential applications that range from sports and fitness to clinical medicine. This paper introduces two important advances in recently reported classes of soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic systems for sweat capture and analysis: (1) a simple, broadly applicable means for collection of sweat that bypasses requirements for physical/mental exertion or pharmacological stimulation and (2) a set of enzymatic chemistries and colorimetric readout approaches for determining the concentrations of creatinine and urea in sweat, throughout ranges that are physiologically relevant. The results allow for routine, non-pharmacological capture of sweat for patient populations, such as infants and the elderly, that cannot be expected to sweat through exercise, and they create potential opportunities in the use of sweat for kidney disease screening/monitoring. Studies on human subjects demonstrate these essential capabilities, with quantitative comparisons to standard methods. The results expand the range of options available in microfluidic sampling and sensing of sweat for disease diagnostics and health monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stabinska J, Neudecker P, Ljimani A, Wittsack H, Lanzman RS, Müller‐Lutz A. Proton exchange in aqueous urea solutions measured by water‐exchange (WEX) NMR spectroscopy and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging in vitro. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:935-947. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stabinska
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Philipp Neudecker
- Institute of Physical Biology Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Dusseldorf Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS‐6), Forschungszentrum Jülich Julich Germany
| | - Alexandra Ljimani
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Rotem Shlomo Lanzman
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Anja Müller‐Lutz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Dusseldorf Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis, a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium most noted for its swarming motility and urease activity, frequently causes catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) that are often polymicrobial. These infections may be accompanied by urolithiasis, the development of bladder or kidney stones due to alkalinization of urine from urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis. Adherence of the bacterium to epithelial and catheter surfaces is mediated by 17 different fimbriae, most notably MR/P fimbriae. Repressors of motility are often encoded by these fimbrial operons. Motility is mediated by flagella encoded on a single contiguous 54-kb chromosomal sequence. On agar plates, P. mirabilis undergoes a morphological conversion to a filamentous swarmer cell expressing hundreds of flagella. When swarms from different strains meet, a line of demarcation, a "Dienes line," develops due to the killing action of each strain's type VI secretion system. During infection, histological damage is caused by cytotoxins including hemolysin and a variety of proteases, some autotransported. The pathogenesis of infection, including assessment of individual genes or global screens for virulence or fitness factors has been assessed in murine models of ascending urinary tract infections or CAUTIs using both single-species and polymicrobial models. Global gene expression studies performed in culture and in the murine model have revealed the unique metabolism of this bacterium. Vaccines, using MR/P fimbria and its adhesin, MrpH, have been shown to be efficacious in the murine model. A comprehensive review of factors associated with urinary tract infection is presented, encompassing both historical perspectives and current advances.
Collapse
|
46
|
Radunsky D, Blumenfeld-Katzir T, Volovyk O, Tal A, Barazany D, Tsarfaty G, Ben-Eliezer N. Analysis of magnetization transfer (MT) influence on quantitative mapping of T 2 relaxation time. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:145-158. [PMID: 30860287 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multi-echo spin-echo (MESE) protocol is the most effective tool for mapping T2 relaxation in vivo. Still, MESE extensive use of radiofrequency pulses causes magnetization transfer (MT)-related bias of the water signal, instigated by the presence of macromolecules (MMP). Here, we analyze the effects of MT on MESE signal, alongside their impact on quantitative T2 measurements. METHODS Study used 3 models: in vitro urea phantom, ex vivo horse brain, and in vivo human brain. MT ratio (MTR) was measured between single-SE and MESE protocols under different scan settings including varying echo train lengths, number of slices, and inter-slice gap. MTR and T2 values were extracted for each model and protocol. RESULTS MT interactions biased MESE signals, and in certain settings, the corresponding T2 values. T2 underestimation of up to 4.3% was found versus single-SE values in vitro and up to 13.8% ex vivo, correlating with the MMP content. T2 bias originated from intra-slice saturation of the MMP, rather than from indirect saturation in multi-slice acquisitions. MT-related signal attenuation was caused by slice crosstalk and/or partial T1 recovery, whereas smaller contribution was caused by MMP interactions. Inter-slice gap had a similar effect on in vivo MTR (21.2%), in comparison to increasing the number of slices (18.9%). CONCLUSIONS MT influences MESE protocols either by uniformly attenuating the entire echo train or by cumulatively attenuating the signal along the train. Although both processes depend on scan settings and MMP content, only the latter will cause underestimation of T2 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dvir Radunsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Osnat Volovyk
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Tal
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Barazany
- Strauss computational neuroimaging center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Tsarfaty
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noam Ben-Eliezer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), NewYork University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rutherford JC, Bahn YS, van den Berg B, Heitman J, Xue C. Nutrient and Stress Sensing in Pathogenic Yeasts. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:442. [PMID: 30930866 PMCID: PMC6423903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 1.5 million fungal species are estimated to live in vastly different environmental niches. Despite each unique host environment, fungal cells sense certain fundamentally conserved elements, such as nutrients, pheromones and stress, for adaptation to their niches. Sensing these extracellular signals is critical for pathogens to adapt to the hostile host environment and cause disease. Hence, dissecting the complex extracellular signal-sensing mechanisms that aid in this is pivotal and may facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches to control fungal infections. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how two important pathogenic yeasts, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, sense nutrient availability, such as carbon sources, amino acids, and ammonium, and different stress signals to regulate their morphogenesis and pathogenicity in comparison with the non-pathogenic model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The molecular interactions between extracellular signals and their respective sensory systems are described in detail. The potential implication of analyzing nutrient and stress-sensing systems in antifungal drug development is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Rutherford
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Sun Bahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bert van den Berg
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sharp C, Boinett C, Cain A, Housden NG, Kumar S, Turner K, Parkhill J, Kleanthous C. O-Antigen-Dependent Colicin Insensitivity of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:e00545-18. [PMID: 30510143 PMCID: PMC6351738 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00545-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria presents a significant barrier for molecules entering the cell. Nevertheless, colicins, which are antimicrobial proteins secreted by Escherichia coli, can target other E. coli cells by binding to cell surface receptor proteins and activating their import, resulting in cell death. Previous studies have documented high rates of nonspecific resistance (insensitivity) of various E. coli strains toward colicins that is independent of colicin-specific immunity and is instead associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane. This observation poses a contradiction: why do E. coli strains have colicin-expressing plasmids, which are energetically costly to retain, if cells around them are likely to be naturally insensitive to the colicin they produce? Here, using a combination of transposon sequencing and phenotypic microarrays, we show that colicin insensitivity of uropathogenic E. coli sequence type 131 (ST131) is dependent on the production of its O-antigen but that minor changes in growth conditions render the organism sensitive toward colicins. The reintroduction of O-antigen into E. coli K-12 demonstrated that it is the density of O-antigen that is the dominant factor governing colicin insensitivity. We also show, by microscopy of fluorescently labelled colicins, that growth conditions affect the degree of occlusion by O-antigen of outer membrane receptors but not the clustered organization of receptors. The result of our study demonstrate that environmental conditions play a critical role in sensitizing E. coli toward colicins and that O-antigen in LPS is central to this role.IMPORTANCEEscherichia coli infections can be a major health burden, especially with the organism becoming increasingly resistant to "last-resort" antibiotics such as carbapenems. Although colicins are potent narrow-spectrum antimicrobials with potential as future antibiotics, high levels of naturally occurring colicin insensitivity have been documented which could limit their efficacy. We identify O-antigen-dependent colicin insensitivity in a clinically relevant uropathogenic E. coli strain and show that this insensitivity can be circumvented by minor changes to growth conditions. The results of our study suggest that colicin insensitivity among E. coli organisms has been greatly overestimated, and as a consequence, colicins could in fact be effective species-specific antimicrobials targeting pathogenic E. coli such as uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor Sharp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amy Cain
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Housden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandip Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Turner
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Colin Kleanthous
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hortelão AC, Carrascosa R, Murillo-Cremaes N, Patiño T, Sánchez S. Targeting 3D Bladder Cancer Spheroids with Urease-Powered Nanomotors. ACS NANO 2019; 13:429-439. [PMID: 30588798 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death around the world, lacking efficient clinical treatments that generally present severe side effects. In recent years, various nanosystems have been explored to specifically target tumor tissues, enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatment and minimizing the side effects. In particular, bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide and presents a high survival rate but serious recurrence levels, demanding an improvement in the existent therapies. Here, we present urease-powered nanomotors based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles that contain both polyethylene glycol and anti-FGFR3 antibody on their outer surface to target bladder cancer cells in the form of 3D spheroids. The autonomous motion is promoted by urea, which acts as fuel and is inherently present at high concentrations in the bladder. Antibody-modified nanomotors were able to swim in both simulated and real urine, showing a substrate-dependent enhanced diffusion. The internalization efficiency of the antibody-modified nanomotors into the spheroids in the presence of urea was significantly higher compared with antibody-modified passive particles or bare nanomotors. Furthermore, targeted nanomotors resulted in a higher suppression of spheroid proliferation compared with bare nanomotors, which could arise from the local ammonia production and the therapeutic effect of anti-FGFR3. These results hold significant potential for the development of improved targeted cancer therapy and diagnostics using biocompatible nanomotors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Hortelão
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Baldiri i Reixac 10-12 , 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafael Carrascosa
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Baldiri i Reixac 10-12 , 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Nerea Murillo-Cremaes
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Baldiri i Reixac 10-12 , 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Tania Patiño
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Baldiri i Reixac 10-12 , 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Baldiri i Reixac 10-12 , 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA) , Passeig Lluís Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The field of metabolomics has been growing tremendously over the recent years and, consistent with that growth, a number of investigators have been looking at the potential of NMR-based urinary metabolomics for several applications. While such applications have shown promising results, there still remains an enormous amount of work to be done before this approach becomes accepted and widely used in clinical diagnostics and other biomedical applications. To achieve such goals, optimization of parameters and standardization of protocols are of paramount importance. In view of this, in this chapter, we present some recommended methods and procedures that can help researchers in the field. Furthermore, we have highlighted some of the challenges encountered in such applications and suggested some possible ways to overcome those challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tedros Bezabeh
- College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU, USA.
| | - Ana Capati
- College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU, USA
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Omkar B Ijare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|