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Alaba TE, Holman JM, Ishaq SL, Li Y. Current Knowledge on the Preparation and Benefits of Cruciferous Vegetables as Relates to In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102160. [PMID: 38779039 PMCID: PMC11108850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition with a significant economic and social burden. The disease is complex and challenging to treat because it involves several pathologies, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, dysbiosis, and intestinal damage. The search for an effective treatment has identified cruciferous vegetables and their phytochemicals as potential management options for inflammatory bowel disease because they contain prebiotics, probiotics, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant metabolites essential for a healthy gut. This critical narrative style review provides a robust insight into the pharmacological effects and benefits of crucifers and their documented bioactive compounds in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as clinical inflammatory bowel disease. The review highlights the significant impact of crucifer preparation and the presence of glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds, which are essential for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative benefits of cruciferous vegetables, as well as their ability to promote the healthy microbial community and maintain the intestinal barrier. This review may serve as a viable nutritional guide for future research on methods and features essential to developing experiments, preventions, and treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. There is limited clinical information and future research may utilize current innovative tools, such as metabolomics, for adequate knowledge and effective translation into clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolu E Alaba
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Johanna M Holman
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Suzanne L Ishaq
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, NY, United States
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2
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Ma Y, Yin J, Wang J, Liu X, He J, Zhang R, Rao S, Cong X, Xiong Y, Wu M. Selenium speciation and volatile flavor compound profiles in the edible flowers, stems, and leaves of selenium-hyperaccumulating vegetable Cardamine violifolia. Food Chem 2023; 427:136710. [PMID: 37406448 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardamine violifolia is a unique selenium (Se)-hyperaccumulating vegetable in China. The total Se content and Se speciation of three edible parts, including flowers, stems, and leaves were detected by HPLC-ICP-MS. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) greatly impact food flavor. The VOCs of three samples were analyzed by E-nose, HS-GC-IMS, and HS-SPME-GC-MS. The results showed that the total Se content in flowers was significantly higher than that in leaves and was the lowest in stems. Organic Se accounts for more than 98% of the total Se content, primarily selenocystine, followed by methyl selenocysteine. A total of 102 VOCs were identified from C. violifolia, mainly esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones. Flowers contained abundant VOCs, while stems and leaves contained fewer but similar profiles. Moreover, multivariate statistical analysis was applied to investigate the VOC variations and marker VOCs. This work can provide useful knowledge for understanding the Se characteristics and flavor of C. violifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jinjing Yin
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jingren He
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shen Rao
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xin Cong
- Enshi Se-Run Health Tech Development Co., Ltd., Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Muci Wu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Fu Y, Yin Y, Xu K. Modulating AHR function offers exciting therapeutic potential in gut immunity and inflammation. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:85. [PMID: 37179416 PMCID: PMC10182712 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a classical exogenous synthetic ligand of AHR that has significant immunotoxic effects. Activation of AHR has beneficial effects on intestinal immune responses, but inactivation or overactivation of AHR can lead to intestinal immune dysregulation and even intestinal diseases. Sustained potent activation of AHR by TCDD results in impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier. However, currently, AHR research has been more focused on elucidating physiologic AHR function than on dioxin toxicity. The appropriate level of AHR activation plays a role in maintaining gut health and protecting against intestinal inflammation. Therefore, AHR offers a crucial target to modulate intestinal immunity and inflammation. Herein, we summarize our current understanding of the relationship between AHR and intestinal immunity, the ways in which AHR affects intestinal immunity and inflammation, the effects of AHR activity on intestinal immunity and inflammation, and the effect of dietary habits on intestinal health through AHR. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic role of AHR in maintaining gut homeostasis and relieving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yawei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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Cáceres P, Segovia L, Rivera C, Juretić N. Characterization of a sample of Chilean university students in terms of the bitter‐tasting phenotype and genotype and their preferences for basic flavours and associated foods. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cáceres
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Luna Segovia
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Constanza Rivera
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Nevenka Juretić
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
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AbdElgawad H, Zinta G, Hornbacher J, Papenbrock J, Markakis MN, Asard H, Beemster GTS. Elevated CO 2 mitigates the impact of drought stress by upregulating glucosinolate metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:812-830. [PMID: 36541032 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) reduces the impact of drought, but the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Therefore, we used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the interaction of drought and eCO2 in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Transcriptome and subsequent metabolite analyses identified a strong induction of the aliphatic glucosinolate (GL) biosynthesis as a main effect of eCO2 in drought-stressed leaves. Transcriptome results highlighted the upregulation of ABI5 and downregulation of WRKY63 transcription factors (TF), known to enhance and inhibit the expression of genes regulating aliphatic GL biosynthesis (e.g., MYB28 and 29 TFs), respectively. In addition, eCO2 positively regulated aliphatic GL biosynthesis by MYB28/29 and increasing the accumulation of GL precursors. To test the role of GLs in the stress-mitigating effect of eCO2 , we investigated the effect of genetic perturbations of the GL biosynthesis. Overexpression of MYB28, 29 and 76 improved drought tolerance by inducing stomatal closure and maintaining plant turgor, whereas loss of cyp79f genes reduced the stress-mitigating effect of eCO2 and decreased drought tolerance. Overall, the crucial role of GL metabolism in drought stress mitigation by eCO2 could be a beneficial trait to overcome future climate challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Jutta Papenbrock
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannove, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marios N Markakis
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Laurindo LF, de Maio MC, Minniti G, de Góes Corrêa N, Barbalho SM, Quesada K, Guiguer EL, Sloan KP, Detregiachi CRP, Araújo AC, de Alvares Goulart R. Effects of Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals in Nrf2 Pathways during Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Related Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:243. [PMID: 36837862 PMCID: PMC9966918 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are related to nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) dysregulation. In vitro and in vivo studies using phytocompounds as modulators of the Nrf2 signaling in IBD have already been published. However, no existing review emphasizes the whole scenario for the potential of plants and phytocompounds as regulators of Nrf2 in IBD models and colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis. For these reasons, this study aimed to build a review that could fill this void. The PubMed, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and Google Scholar databases were searched. The literature review showed that medicinal plants and phytochemicals regulated the Nrf2 on IBD and IBD-associated colorectal cancer by amplifying the expression of the Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying enzymes and diminishing NF-κB-related inflammation. These effects improve the bowel environment, mucosal barrier, colon, and crypt disruption, reduce ulceration and microbial translocation, and consequently, reduce the disease activity index (DAI). Moreover, the modulation of Nrf2 can regulate various genes involved in cellular redox, protein degradation, DNA repair, xenobiotic metabolism, and apoptosis, contributing to the prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Canevari de Maio
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália de Góes Corrêa
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia R. P. Detregiachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhou X, Chakraborty D, Murray IA, Coslo D, Kehs Z, Vijay A, Ton C, Desai D, Amin SG, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Coordinates Mouse Small Intestinal Epithelial Cell Programming. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100012. [PMID: 37039146 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of mechanical, chemical, microbial, and immunologic pressure, intestinal homeostasis is maintained through balanced cellular turnover, proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal. Here, we present evidence supporting the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the adaptive reprogramming of small intestinal gene expression, leading to altered proliferation, lineage commitment, and remodeling of the cellular repertoire that comprises the intestinal epithelium to promote intestinal resilience. Ahr gene/protein expression and transcriptional activity exhibit marked proximalHI to distalLO and cryptHI to villiLO gradients. Genetic ablation of Ahr impairs commitment/differentiation of the secretory Paneth and goblet cell lineages and associated mucin production, restricts expression of secretory/enterocyte differentiation markers, and increases crypt-associated proliferation and villi-associated enterocyte luminal exfoliation. Ahr-/- mice display a decrease in intestinal barrier function. Ahr+/+ mice that maintain a diet devoid of AHR ligands intestinally phenocopy Ahr-/- mice. In contrast, Ahr+/+ mice exposed to AHR ligands reverse these phenotypes. Ligand-induced AHR transcriptional activity positively correlates with gene expression (Math1, Klf4, Tff3) associated with differentiation of the goblet cell secretory lineage. Math1 was identified as a direct target gene of AHR, a transcription factor critical to the development of goblet cells. These data suggest that dietary cues, relayed through the transcriptional activity of AHR, can reshape the cellular repertoire of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Glatt H, Engst W, Florian S, Schreiner M, Baasanjav-Gerber C. Feeding Brassica vegetables to rats leads to the formation of characteristic DNA adducts (from 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate) in many tissues. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:933-944. [PMID: 34997255 PMCID: PMC8850215 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Juices of Brassica vegetables are mutagenic and form characteristic DNA adducts in bacteria and mammalian cells. In this study, we examined whether such adducts are also formed in vivo in animal models. Rats fed raw broccoli ad libitum in addition to normal laboratory chow for 5 weeks showed one major adduct spot and sometimes an additional minor adduct spot in liver, kidney, lung, blood and the gastrointestinal tract, as determined by 32P-postlabelling/thin-layer chromatography. Adducts with the same chromatographic properties were formed when herring sperm DNA (or dG-3’-phosphate) was incubated with 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate (phytochemical present in Brassica plants), in the presence of myrosinase (plant enzyme that hydrolyses glucosinolates to bioactive breakdown products). UPLC–MS/MS analysis corroborated this finding: 1-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl-substituted purine nucleosides were detected in the hepatic DNA of broccoli-fed animals, but not in control animals. Feeding raw cauliflower led to the formation of the same adducts. When steamed rather than raw broccoli was used, the adduct levels were essentially unchanged in liver and jejunum, but elevated in large intestine. Due to inactivation of myrosinase by the steaming, higher levels of the glucosinolates may have reached the large bowl to be activated by glucosidases from intestinal bacteria. In conclusion, the consumption of common Brassica vegetables can lead to the formation of substantial levels of DNA adducts in animal models. The adducts can be attributed to a specific phytochemical, neoglucobrassicin (1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansruedi Glatt
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- Department Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wolfram Engst
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Simone Florian
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany
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Nguyen NH, Sng BJR, Yeo HC, Jang IC. Comparative phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses unravel conserved and distinct mechanisms underlying shade avoidance syndrome in Brassicaceae vegetables. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:760. [PMID: 34696740 PMCID: PMC8546956 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plants grown under shade are exposed to low red/far-red ratio, thereby triggering an array of altered phenotypes called shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Shade negatively influences plant growth, leading to a reduction in agricultural productivity. Understanding of SAS is crucial for sustainable agricultural practices, especially for high-density indoor farming. Brassicaceae vegetables are widely consumed around the world and are commonly cultivated in indoor farms. However, our understanding of SAS in Brassicaceae vegetables and their genome-wide transcriptional regulatory networks are still largely unexplored. Results Shade induced common signs of SAS, including hypocotyl elongation and reduced carotenoids/anthocyanins biosynthesis, in two different Brassicaceae species: Brassica rapa (Choy Sum and Pak Choy) and Brassica oleracea (Kai Lan). Phenotype-assisted transcriptome analysis identified a set of genes induced by shade in these species, many of which were related to auxin biosynthesis and signaling [e.g. YUCCA8 (YUC8), YUC9, and INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE (IAAs)] and other phytohormones signaling pathways including brassinosteroids and ethylene. The genes functioning in plant defense (e.g. MYB29 and JASMONATE-ZIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN 9) as well as in biosynthesis of anthocyanins and glucosinolates were repressed upon shade. Besides, each species also exhibited distinct SAS phenotypes. Shade strongly reduced primary roots and elongated petioles of B. oleracea, Kai Lan. However, these SAS phenotypes were not clearly recognized in B. rapa, Choy Sum and Pak Choy. Some auxin signaling genes (e.g. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 19, IAA10, and IAA20) were specifically induced in B. oleracea, while homologs in B. rapa were not up-regulated under shade. Contrastingly, shade-exposed B. rapa vegetables triggered the ethylene signaling pathway earlier than B. oleracea, Kai Lan. Interestingly, shade induced the transcript levels of LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED 1 (HFR1) homolog in only Pak Choy as B. rapa. As HFR1 is a key negative regulator of SAS in Arabidopsis, our finding suggests that Pak Choy HFR1 homolog may also function in conferring higher shade tolerance in this variety. Conclusions Our study shows that two Brassicaceae species not only share a conserved SAS mechanism but also exhibit distinct responses to shade, which will provide comprehensive information to develop new shade-tolerant cultivars that are suitable for high-density indoor farms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08076-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai Nguyen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Benny Jian Rong Sng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hock Chuan Yeo
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Ubago-Guisado E, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Ching-López A, Petrova D, Molina-Montes E, Amiano P, Barricarte-Gurrea A, Chirlaque MD, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ. Evidence Update on the Relationship between Diet and the Most Common Cancers from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103582. [PMID: 34684583 PMCID: PMC8540388 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is a multicentre prospective study conducted in 23 centres in 10 European countries. Here we review the findings from EPIC on the relationship between diet-related exposures and incidence or mortality from the four most frequent cancers in the European population: colorectal, breast, lung, and prostate cancer. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and identified 110 high-quality studies based on the EPIC cohort. Fruit and vegetable consumption had a protective effect against colorectal, breast, and lung cancer, whereas only fruit had a protective effect against prostate cancer. A higher consumption of fish and lower consumption of red and processed meat were related with a lower risk of colorectal cancer; and higher consumption of fatty fish with lower risk of breast cancer. Calcium and yogurt intake were found to protect against colorectal and prostate cancer. Alcohol consumption increased the risk for colorectal and breast cancer. Finally, adherence to the Mediterranean diet emerged as a protective factor for colorectal and breast cancer. The EPIC study results are in agreement with the latest evidence from leading authorities on cancer prevention and help to inform public prevention policies and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Ching-López
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Dafina Petrova
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte-Gurrea
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Navarra Public Health Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology—ICO, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute—IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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11
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Liu Z, Wang H, Xie J, Lv J, Zhang G, Hu L, Luo S, Li L, Yu J. The Roles of Cruciferae Glucosinolates in Disease and Pest Resistance. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061097. [PMID: 34070720 PMCID: PMC8229868 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the expansion of the area under Cruciferae vegetable cultivation, and an increase in the incidence of natural threats such as pests and diseases globally, Cruciferae vegetable losses caused by pathogens, insects, and pests are on the rise. As one of the key metabolites produced by Cruciferae vegetables, glucosinolate (GLS) is not only an indicator of their quality but also controls infestation by numerous fungi, bacteria, aphids, and worms. Today, the safe and pollution-free production of vegetables is advocated globally, and environmentally friendly pest and disease control strategies, such as biological control, to minimize the adverse impacts of pathogen and insect pest stress on Cruciferae vegetables, have attracted the attention of researchers. This review explores the mechanisms via which GLS acts as a defensive substance, participates in responses to biotic stress, and enhances plant tolerance to the various stress factors. According to the current research status, future research directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeci Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Huiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Lushan Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
- Panzhihua Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Panzhihua 617000, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-763-2188
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12
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Strong and Bitter Vegetables from Traditional Cultivars and Cropping Methods Improve the Health Status of Type 2 Diabetics: A Randomized Control Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061813. [PMID: 34073610 PMCID: PMC8227621 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables rich in bitter-tasting phytochemicals may exert enhanced beneficial effects against key factors associated with type two diabetes (T2D). This study investigates whether selected cultivars of bitter and strong-tasting (BST) Brassica and root vegetables exert greater health benefits on T2D patients compared to equivalent modern mild and sweet tasting (MST) vegetables. A 12-week randomized, controlled, parallel intervention study involved 92 T2D patients, who were allocated three different diets: (1) 500 g daily of bitter and strong-tasting (BST) vegetables; (2) 500 g daily of mild and sweet-tasting (MST) vegetables; (3) 120 g daily MST normal diet (control). Both vegetable diets contained root vegetables and cabbages selected based on sensory differences and content of phytochemicals. Prior to and after the study, all participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 24 h blood pressure measurements, DEXA scans, and fasted blood samples. Both diets high in vegetables significantly reduced the participants' BMI, total body fat mass, and HbA1c levels compared to control, but in the BST group, significant differences were also found regarding incremental area under the curve glucose 240 min (OGTT) and fasting glucose levels. A high daily intake of root vegetables and cabbages showed significant health improvements in both vegetable groups. BST vegetables had the greatest impact on insulin sensitivity, body fat mass, and blood pressure compared to control; moreover, they further improved glycemic control compared to MST vegetables.
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13
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Cai YX, Augustin MA, Jegasothy H, Wang JH, Terefe NS. Mild heat combined with lactic acid fermentation: a novel approach for enhancing sulforaphane yield in broccoli puree. Food Funct 2020; 11:779-786. [PMID: 31922158 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated for the first time the feasibility of mild preheating treatment of broccoli florets combined with lactic acid bacteria fermentation for enhancing sulforaphane yield in broccoli puree. The optimum preheating condition for in-pack processing of broccoli florets was 3 min treatment at 65 °C increasing sulforaphane yield in broccoli puree by ∼5 times compared to untreated broccoli. Preheating of broccoli florets in-pack (65 °C per 3 min) combined with lactic acid bacteria fermentation further enhanced the sulforaphane content by ∼16 times compared to untreated broccoli. The sulforaphane content of the preheated-fermented puree remained stable (∼94% retention) for two weeks at 4 °C. The results indicate that a combination of judicious heat treatment of broccoli florets with lactic acid bacteria fermentation enables production of safe and high sulforaphane content broccoli products with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, School of Chemical Engineering & Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
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14
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Ilahy R, Tlili I, Pék Z, Montefusco A, Siddiqui MW, Homa F, Hdider C, R'Him T, Lajos H, Lenucci MS. Pre- and Post-harvest Factors Affecting Glucosinolate Content in Broccoli. Front Nutr 2020; 7:147. [PMID: 33015121 PMCID: PMC7511755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to several presumed health-promoting biological activities, increased attention is being given to natural plant chemicals, especially those frequently entering the human diet. Glucosinolates (GLs) are the main bioactive compounds found in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck). Their regular dietary assumption has been correlated with reduced risk of various types of neoplasms (lung, colon, pancreatic, breast, bladder, and prostate cancers), some degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, and decreased incidence of cardiovascular pathologies. GL's synthesis pathway and regulation mechanism have been elucidated mainly in Arabidopsis. However, nearly 56 putative genes have been identified as involved in the B. oleracea GL pathway. It is widely recognized that there are several pre-harvest (genotype, growing environment, cultural practices, ripening stage, etc.) and post-harvest (harvesting, post-harvest treatments, packaging, storage, etc.) factors that affect GL synthesis, profiles, and levels in broccoli. Understanding how these factors act and interact in driving GL accumulation in the edible parts is essential for developing new broccoli cultivars with improved health-promoting bioactivity. In this regard, any systematic and comprehensive review outlining the effects of pre- and post-harvest factors on the accumulation of GLs in broccoli is not yet available. Thus, the goal of this paper is to fill this gap by giving a synoptic overview of the most relevant and recent literature. The existence of substantial cultivar-to-cultivar variation in GL content in response to pre-harvest factors and post-harvest manipulations has been highlighted and discussed. The paper also stresses the need for adapting particular pre- and post-harvest procedures for each particular genotype in order to maintain nutritious, fresh-like quality throughout the broccoli value chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ilahy
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Tlili
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zoltán Pék
- Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Horticultural Institute, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Montefusco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento (DiSTeBA), Lecce, Italy
| | - Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Fozia Homa
- Department of Statistics, Mathematics, and Computer Application, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Chafik Hdider
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya R'Him
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helyes Lajos
- Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Horticultural Institute, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento (DiSTeBA), Lecce, Italy
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15
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Abstract
Significance: The selenium-containing Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs)1-4 protect against oxidative challenge, inhibit inflammation and oxidant-induced regulated cell death. Recent Advances: GPx1 and GPx4 dampen phosphorylation cascades predominantly via prevention of inactivation of phosphatases by H2O2 or lipid hydroperoxides. GPx2 regulates the balance between regeneration and apoptotic cell shedding in the intestine. It inhibits inflammation-induced carcinogenesis in the gut but promotes growth of established cancers. GPx3 deficiency facilitates platelet aggregation likely via disinhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis. It is also considered a tumor suppressor. GPx4 is expressed in three different forms. The cytosolic form proved to inhibit interleukin-1-driven nuclear factor κB activation and leukotriene biosynthesis. Moreover, it is a key regulator of ferroptosis, because it reduces hydroperoxy groups of complex lipids and silences lipoxygenases. By alternate substrate use, the nuclear form contributes to chromatin compaction. Mitochondrial GPx4 forms the mitochondrial sheath of spermatozoa and, thus, guarantees male fertility. Out of the less characterized GPxs, the cysteine-containing GPx7 and GPx8 are unique in contributing to oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum by reacting with protein isomerase as an alternate substrate. A yeast 2-Cysteine glutathione peroxidase equipped with CP and CR was reported to sense H2O2 for inducing an adaptive response. Critical Issues: Most of the findings compiled are derived from tissue culture and/or animal studies only. Their impact on human physiology is sometimes questionable. Future Directions: The expression of individual GPxs and GPx-dependent regulatory phenomena are to be further investigated, in particular in respect to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- Department of Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition-Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Leopold Flohé
- Depatamento de Biochímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Dipartimento di Medicina Moleculare, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Sikorska-Zimny K, Beneduce L. The glucosinolates and their bioactive derivatives in Brassica: a review on classification, biosynthesis and content in plant tissues, fate during and after processing, effect on the human organism and interaction with the gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2544-2571. [PMID: 32584172 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1780193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review of the scientific literature reporting content, composition and biosynthesis of glucosinolates (GLS), and their derivative compounds in Brassica family. An amended classification of brassica species, varieties and their GLS content, organized for the different plant organs and in uniformed concentration measure unit, is here reported for the first time in a harmonized and comparative manner. In the last years, the studies carried out on the effect of processing on vegetables and the potential benefits for human health has increased rapidly and consistently the knowledge on the topic. Therefore, there was the need for an updated revision of the scientific literature of pre- and post-harvest modifications of GLS content, along with the role of gut microbiota in influencing their bioavailability once they are ingested. After analyzing and standardizing over 100 articles and the related data, the highest GLS content in Brassica, was declared in B. nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch (201.95 ± 53.36 µmol g-1), followed by B. oleracea Alboglabra group (180.9 ± 70.3 µmol g-1). The authors also conclude that food processing can influence significantly the final content of GLS, considering the most popular methods: boiling, blanching, steaming, the latter can be considered as the most favorable to preserve highest level of GLS and their deriviatives. Therefore, a mild-processing strategic approach for GLS or their derivatives in food is recommended, in order to minimize the loss of actual bioactive impact. Finally, the human gut microbiota is influenced by Brassica-rich diet and can contribute in certain conditions to the increasing of GLS bioavailability but further studies are needed to assess the actual role of microbiomes in the bioavailability of healthy glucosinolate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Sikorska-Zimny
- Fruit and Vegetables Storage and Processing Department, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland.,Stefan Batory State University, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Luciano Beneduce
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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17
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Chemopreventive Effect of the Germinated Oat and its Phenolic-AVA Extract in Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium (AOM/DSS) Model of Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020169. [PMID: 32050698 PMCID: PMC7074527 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and whole grains has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the content of natural compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activities. The oat (Avena sativa L.) is a unique source of avenanthramides (AVAs), among other compounds, with chemopreventive effects. In addition, oat germination has shown enhanced nutraceutical and phytochemical properties. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of the sprouted oat (SO) and its phenolic-AVA extract (AVA) in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC mouse model. Turquesa oat seeds were germinated (five days at 25 °C and 60% relative humidity) and, after 16 weeks of administration, animals in the SO- and AVA-treated groups had a significantly lower inflammation grade and tumor (38–50%) and adenocarcinoma (38–63%) incidence compared to those of the AOM+DSS group (80%). Although both treatments normalized colonic GST and NQO1 activities as well as erythrocyte GSH levels, and significantly reduced cecal and colonic β-GA, thus indicating an improvement in the intestinal parameters, the inflammatory states, and the redox states of the animals, SO exerted a superior chemopreventive effect, probably due to the synergistic effects of multiple compounds. Our results indicate that oats retain their biological properties even after the germination process.
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18
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Grown to be Blue-Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects of Colored Vegetables. Part II: Leafy, Fruit, and Other Vegetables. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020097. [PMID: 31979214 PMCID: PMC7070715 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The current trend for substituting synthetic compounds with natural ones in the design and production of functional and healthy foods has increased the research interest about natural colorants. Although coloring agents from plant origin are already used in the food and beverage industry, the market and consumer demands for novel and diverse food products are increasing and new plant sources are explored. Fresh vegetables are considered a good source of such compounds, especially when considering the great color diversity that exists among the various species or even the cultivars within the same species. In the present review we aim to present the most common species of colored vegetables, focusing on leafy and fruit vegetables, as well as on vegetables where other plant parts are commercially used, with special attention to blue color. The compounds that are responsible for the uncommon colors will be also presented and their beneficial health effects and antioxidant properties will be unraveled.
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Sun J, Charron CS, Novotny JA, Peng B, Yu L, Chen P. Profiling glucosinolate metabolites in human urine and plasma after broccoli consumption using non-targeted and targeted metabolomic analyses. Food Chem 2019; 309:125660. [PMID: 31670121 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli is a popular brassica vegetable and its consumption may decrease the occurrence of cancer in certain populations. To gain insight into the metabolites that may induce physiological responses to broccoli intake, a non-targeted metabolomic approach and a targeted approach for analysis of glucosinolate metabolites were developed using high resolution accurate mass spectrometry. A human study was conducted in which 6 subjects consumed a single meal of 200 g of uncooked broccoli florets. The metabolomic analysis revealed changes in endogenous metabolites and a decrease in hippuric acid after broccoli consumption. Targeted analysis using high-resolution, accurate mass-mass spectrometry (HRAM-MS) enabled detection of low concentrations (nM) of glucosinolate metabolites in human urine and plasma. Glucosinolate metabolites were found in human urine (13) and plasma (8), respectively. Metabolites from methoxyl-indole glucosinolates, arising from broccoli consumption, are reported for the first time. Most glucosinolate metabolites reached their peak concentration in urine 2-4 h after consumption while, in plasma, peak maxima were achieved 2 h after intake. The results suggest that glucoraphanin metabolites (sulforaphane, sulforaphane cysteine, sulforaphane N-acetyl cysteine) and indole metabolites (ascorbigen and methoxyl ascorbigen from indole glucosinolates) may serve as marker compounds for the intake of broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Sun
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Craig S Charron
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Janet A Novotny
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Bing Peng
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Liangli Yu
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
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20
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Effect of Moist Cooking Blanching on Colour, Phenolic Metabolites and Glucosinolate Content in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis). Foods 2019; 8:foods8090399. [PMID: 31500353 PMCID: PMC6770643 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis) is a widely consumed leafy vegetable by the rural people in South Africa. Traditional blanching methods (5%, 10% or 20% lemon juice solutions in steam, microwave treatments and hot water bath at 95 °C) on the changes of colour properties, phenolic metabolites, glucosinolates and antioxidant properties were investigated in this study. Blanching at 95 °C in 5% lemon juice solution maintained the chlorophyll content, reduced the difference in colour change ∆E, and increased the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activities (ferric reducing-antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay). The highest concentration of kaempferol-dihexoside, kaempferol-sophoroside, kaempferol hexoside, and ferulic acid was noted in samples blanched in 5% lemon juice, at 95 °C. However, concentrations of kaempferol O-sophoroside-O-hexoside was highest in raw leaf samples. Supervised Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) and the UPLC-MS and chemometric approach showed the acid protocatechuoyl hexose unique marker identified responsible for the separation of the blanching treatments (5% lemon juice at 95° C) and raw leaves. However, other unidentified markers are also responsible for the separation of the two groups (the raw leaves and the hot water moist blanched samples) and these need to be identified. Blanching at 95 °C in 10% lemon solution significantly increased the glucosinolate sinigrin content. Overall blanching at 95 °C in 5% lemon juice solution can be recommended to preserve the functional compounds in Nightshade leaves.
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21
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Muku GE, Murray IA, Perdew GH. Activation of the Ah Receptor Modulates Gastrointestinal Homeostasis and the Intestinal Microbiome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Lechtenberg M, Hensel A. Determination of glucosinolates in broccoli-based dietary supplements by cyclodextrin-mediated capillary zone electrophoresis. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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1-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl DNA adducts in six tissues, and blood protein adducts, in mice under pak choi diet: time course and persistence. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1515-1527. [PMID: 30993378 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that purified 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl (1-MIM) glucosinolate, a secondary plant metabolite in Brassica species, is mutagenic in various in vitro systems and forms DNA and protein adducts in mouse models. In the present study, we administered 1-MIM glucosinolate in a natural matrix to mice, by feeding a diet containing pak choi powder and extract. Groups of animals were killed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 days of pak choi diet, directly or, in the case of the 8-day treatment, after 0, 8 and 16 days of recovery with pak choi-free diet. DNA adducts [N2-(1-MIM)-dG, N6-(1-MIM)-dA] in six tissues, as well as protein adducts [τN-(1-MIM)-His] in serum albumin (SA) and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined using UPLC-MS/MS with isotopically labeled internal standards. None of the samples from the 12 control animals under standard diet contained any 1-MIM adducts. All groups receiving pak choi diet showed DNA adducts in all six tissues (exception: lung of mice treated for a single day) as well as SA and Hb adducts. During the feeding period, all adduct levels continuously increased until day 8 (in the jejunum until day 4). During the 14-day recovery period, N2-(1-MIM)-dG in liver, kidney, lung, jejunum, cecum and colon decreased to 52, 41, 59, 11, 7 and 2%, respectively, of the peak level. The time course of N6-(1-MIM)-dA was similar. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that cell turnover is a major mechanism of DNA adduct elimination in the intestine. In the same recovery period, protein adducts decreased more rapidly in SA than in Hb, to 0.7 and 37%, respectively, of the peak level, consistent with the differential turnover of these proteins. In conclusion, the pak choi diet lead to the formation of high levels of adducts in mice. Cell and protein turnover was a major mechanism of adduct elimination, at least in gut and blood.
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Zheng Z, Chen Y, Huang J, Deng H, Tang X, Wang XJ. Mkp-1 is required for chemopreventive activity of butylated hydroxyanisole and resveratrol against colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:72-80. [PMID: 30844440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many dietary compounds show promising protective activity against colon cancer by activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Recently, we reported that mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (Mkp-1) exhibits crosstalk with the Nrf2 signaling pathway, protecting against intestinal inflammation. Here, we present evidence that Mkp-1 is required for the chemopreventive action of the Nrf2 activators butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and resveratrol (RSV). In an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium model of colitis-associated tumorigenesis, Mkp-1-/- mice exhibited a phenotype similar to Nrf2-/- mice with significantly more tumors than WT mice. Tumors from Mkp-1-/- mice exhibited higher levels of macrophage infiltration than those from WT mice. This was accompanied by increased expression of nitrotyrosine and p53BP1, markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage, respectively. Moreover, dietary suppression of tumorigenesis using BHA (0.5%) or RSV (300 ppm) supplementation was achieved in WT but not in Mkp-1-/- mice. In adenomas from WT mice, the expression of Mkp-1 was markedly lower than in adjacent normal tissue, concomitant with the down-regulation of Nrf2 and its target genes. Our data revealed that Mkp-1 is required in the protective role of Nrf2 signaling against colitis-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yeru Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiu Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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Soundararajan P, Kim JS. Anti-Carcinogenic Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Antagonistic Effects on Prevention of Cancers. Molecules 2018; 23:E2983. [PMID: 30445746 PMCID: PMC6278308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSL) are naturally occurring β-d-thioglucosides found across the cruciferous vegetables. Core structure formation and side-chain modifications lead to the synthesis of more than 200 types of GSLs in Brassicaceae. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are chemoprotectives produced as the hydrolyzed product of GSLs by enzyme myrosinase. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane ([1-isothioyanato-4-(methyl-sulfinyl) butane], SFN) are potential ITCs with efficient therapeutic properties. Beneficial role of BITC, PEITC and SFN was widely studied against various cancers such as breast, brain, blood, bone, colon, gastric, liver, lung, oral, pancreatic, prostate and so forth. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor limits the tumor progression. Induction of ARE (antioxidant responsive element) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) mediated pathway by Nrf2 controls the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). NF-κB has a double edged role in the immune system. NF-κB induced during inflammatory is essential for an acute immune process. Meanwhile, hyper activation of NF-κB transcription factors was witnessed in the tumor cells. Antagonistic activity of BITC, PEITC and SFN against cancer was related with the direct/indirect interaction with Nrf2 and NF-κB protein. All three ITCs able to disrupts Nrf2-Keap1 complex and translocate Nrf2 into the nucleus. BITC have the affinity to inhibit the NF-κB than SFN due to the presence of additional benzyl structure. This review will give the overview on chemo preventive of ITCs against several types of cancer cell lines. We have also discussed the molecular interaction(s) of the antagonistic effect of BITC, PEITC and SFN with Nrf2 and NF-κB to prevent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakaran Soundararajan
- Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
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Broccoli sprouts produce abdominal antinociception but not spasmolytic effects like its bioactive metabolite sulforaphane. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1770-1778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lightly Cooked Broccoli Is as Effective as Raw Broccoli in Mitigating Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060748. [PMID: 29890681 PMCID: PMC6024548 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary broccoli is anti-inflammatory. Past studies have typically investigated raw broccoli, even though most consumers prefer cooked broccoli, where the plant myrosinase is inactivated by heat, resulting in failure of formation of the anti-inflammatory bioactive compound sulforaphane (SF). This study compareed efficacy of lightly cooked broccoli (CB) containing greatly diminished myrosinase activity, with raw broccoli (RB), in mitigating colitis in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed for two weeks on a 10% RB, 10% CB or control diet, all based on the AIN-93M diet. Half (n = 9) of each group received drinking water, half received 2.5% DSS in water for one week, starting from Day 7 of the diet. Even with far less plant myrosinase activity, CB was essentially as effective as RB in lessening damage by DSS, evidenced by decreased disease activity index, attenuated colon length shrinkage, less endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) leakage into blood, and less severe colon lesions as assessed by histopathology. mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines indicated that broccoli anti-inflammatory action may be through inhibition of the IL-6 trans-signaling pathway, as evidenced by reversal of the DSS-increased expression of IL-6, CCR2 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1).
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28
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Johnson IT. Cruciferous Vegetables and Risk of Cancers of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1701000. [PMID: 29573203 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201701000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancers of the oropharyngeal tissues, oesophagus, stomach, and colorectum are amongst the most common causes of death from cancer throughout the world. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables is thought to be protective, and cruciferous vegetables are of particular interest because of their unique role as a source of biologically active glucosinolate breakdown products. A literature review of primary studies and meta-analyses indicates that higher consumption of cruciferous vegetables probably reduces the risk of colorectal and gastric cancers by approximately 8% and 19%, respectively. Some studies support the hypothesis that the protective effect against colorectal cancer is modified by genetic polymorphisms of genes regulating the expression of enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase family, but due to contradictory findings the evidence is currently inconclusive. Despite these promising findings, future epidemiological research on the protective effects of cruciferous plants will depend critically upon accurate measurement of dietary exposure, both to the vegetables themselves, and to their active constituents. The development of sensitive chemical assays has facilitated the measurement of urinary excretion of isothiocyanate metabolites as an objective biomarker of intake, but sampling strategies need to be optimized in order to assess long-term exposures at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Johnson
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
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Ghattamaneni NKR, Panchal SK, Brown L. Nutraceuticals in rodent models as potential treatments for human Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 132:99-107. [PMID: 29680446 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of all or part of the digestive tract. Nutraceuticals include bioactive compounds such as polyphenols with anti-inflammatory activities, thus these products have the potential to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. We have emphasized the role of nutraceuticals in ameliorating the symptoms of IBD in rodent models of human IBD through modulation of key pathogenic mechanisms including dysbiosis, oxidative stress, increased inflammatory cytokines, immune system dysregulation, and inflammatory cell signaling pathways. Nutraceuticals have an important role in IBD patients as a preventive approach to extend remission phases and as a therapeutic intervention to suppress active IBD. Further clinical trials on nutraceuticals with positive results in rodent models are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga K R Ghattamaneni
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
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30
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Liang H, Wei Y, Li R, Cheng L, Yuan Q, Zheng F. Intensifying sulforaphane formation in broccoli sprouts by using other cruciferous sprouts additions. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:957-962. [PMID: 30263824 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane is a significant chemopreventive compound which is the predominant glucosinolate in broccoli sprouts. However, the existence of the epithiospecifier protein could direct the hydrolysis of glucosinolates toward sulforaphane nitrile formation instead of sulforaphane. Therefore, the study aimed on improving the yielding of sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts with a new method of the united hydrolysis of cruciferous sprouts. According to the results, the addition of radish, rocket and rape sprouts to broccoli sprouts could promote the hydrolysis of the glucoraphanin to anticancer effective sulforaphane to 2.03, 2.32 and 1.95-fold, respectively, compared to single broccoli sprouts. Meanwhile, the formation of non-bioactive sulforaphane nitrile in these three groups decreased greatly. However, the addition of mustard sprouts had no positive effect. These observations could make a contribution to the potential chemoprotective effects of broccoli sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- 1State Key laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqin Wei
- 1State Key laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruimin Li
- 1State Key laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- 1State Key laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- 1State Key laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- 2Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
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31
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Raiola A, Errico A, Petruk G, Monti DM, Barone A, Rigano MM. Bioactive Compounds in Brassicaceae Vegetables with a Role in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Molecules 2017; 23:E15. [PMID: 29295478 PMCID: PMC5943923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial role of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, is well-recognized. In this context, Brassicaceae are considered important vegetables due to several evidences of their health promoting effects that are associated to bioactive compounds present in the edible parts of the plants. In this review, the mechanisms of action and the factors regulating the levels of the bioactive compounds in Brassicaceae have been discussed. In addition, the impact of industrial and domestic processing on the amount of these compounds have been considered, in order to identify the best conditions that are able to preserve the functional properties of the Brassicaceae products before consumption. Finally, the main strategies used to increase the content of health-promoting metabolites in Brassica plants through biofortification have been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Raiola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Errico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ganna Petruk
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80055 Naples, Italy.
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80055 Naples, Italy.
| | - Amalia Barone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy.
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32
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Hubbard TD, Murray IA, Nichols RG, Cassel K, Podolsky M, Kuzu G, Tian Y, Smith P, Kennett MJ, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Dietary Broccoli Impacts Microbial Community Structure and Attenuates Chemically Induced Colitis in Mice in an Ah receptor dependent manner. J Funct Foods 2017; 37:685-698. [PMID: 29242716 PMCID: PMC5726276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of broccoli mediates numerous chemo-protective benefits through the intake of phytochemicals, some of which modulate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activity. Whether AHR activation is a critical aspect of the therapeutic potential of dietary broccoli is not known. Here we administered isocaloric diets, with or without supplementation of whole broccoli (15% w/w), to congenic mice expressing the high-affinity Ahrb/b or low-affinity Ahrd/d alleles, for 24 days and examined the effects on AHR activity, intestinal microbial community structure, inflammatory status, and response to chemically induced colitis. Cecal microbial community structure and metabolic potential were segregated according to host dietary and AHR status. Dietary broccoli associated with heightened intestinal AHR activity, decreased microbial abundance of the family Erysipelotrichaceae, and attenuation of colitis. In summary, broccoli consumption elicited an enhanced response in ligand-sensitive Ahrb/b mice, demonstrating that in part the beneficial aspects of dietary broccoli upon intestinal health are associated with heightened AHR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D. Hubbard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Iain A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Robert G. Nichols
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Kaitlyn Cassel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Michael Podolsky
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Guray Kuzu
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Phillip Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Mary J. Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Ngwene B, Neugart S, Baldermann S, Ravi B, Schreiner M. Intercropping Induces Changes in Specific Secondary Metabolite Concentration in Ethiopian Kale ( Brassica carinata) and African Nightshade ( Solanum scabrum) under Controlled Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1700. [PMID: 29033969 PMCID: PMC5626848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping is widespread in small-holder farming systems in tropical regions and is also practiced in the cultivation of indigenous vegetables, to alleviate the multiple burdens of malnutrition. Due to interspecific competition and/or complementation between intercrops, intercropping may lead to changes in plants accumulation of minerals and secondary metabolites and hence, alter nutritional quality for consumers. Intercropping aims to intensify land productivity, while ensuring that nutritional quality is not compromised. This study aimed to investigate changes in minerals and secondary plant metabolites in intercropped Brassica carinata and Solanum scabrum, two important African indigenous vegetables, and evaluated the suitability of this combination for dryer areas. B. carinata and S. scabrum were grown for 6 weeks under controlled conditions in a greenhouse trial. Large rootboxes (8000 cm3 volume) were specifically designed for this experiment. Each rootbox was planted with two plants, either of the same plant species (mono) or one of each plant species (mixed). A quartz sand/soil substrate was used and fertilized adequately for optimal plant growth. During the last 4 weeks of the experiment, the plants were either supplied with optimal (65% WHC) or low (30% WHC) irrigation, to test the effect of a late-season drought. Intercropping increased total glucosinolate content in B. carinata, while maintaining biomass production and the contents of other health related minerals in both B. carinata and S. scabrum. Moreover, low irrigation led to an increase in carotene accumulation in both mono and intercropped S. scabrum, but not in B. carinata, while the majority of kaempferol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives of both species were decreased by intercropping and drought treatment. This study indicates that some health-related phytochemicals can be modified by intercropping or late-season drought, but field validation of these results is necessary before definite recommendation can be made to stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard Ngwene
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Beena Ravi
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
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Östreicher C, Bartenbacher S, Pischetsrieder M. Targeted proteome analysis with isotope-coded protein labels for monitoring the influence of dietary phytochemicals on the expression of cytoprotective proteins in primary human colon cells. J Proteomics 2017; 166:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Neugart S, Baldermann S, Ngwene B, Wesonga J, Schreiner M. Indigenous leafy vegetables of Eastern Africa - A source of extraordinary secondary plant metabolites. Food Res Int 2017; 100:411-422. [PMID: 28964364 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous African leafy vegetables vary enormously in their secondary plant metabolites whereat genus and the species have a great impact. In African nightshade (Solanum scabrum), spiderplant (Cleome gynandra), amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Ethiopian kale (Brassica carinata) and common kale (Brassica oleracea) the specific secondary metabolite profile was elucidated and gained detailed data about carotenoids, chlorophylls, glucosinolates and phenolic compounds all having an appropriate contribution to health beneficial properties of indigenous African leafy vegetables. Exemplarily, various quercetin glycosides such as quercetin-3-rutinoside occur in high concentrations in African nightshade, spiderplant, and amaranth between ~1400-3300μg/g DW. Additionally the extraordinary hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives such as glucaric isomers and isocitric acid isomers are found especially in amaranth (up to ~1250μg/g DW) and spiderplant (up to 120μg/g DW). Carotenoids concentrations are high in amaranth (up to101.7μg/g DW) and spiderplants (up to 64.7μg/g DW) showing high concentrations of β-carotene, the pro-vitamin A. In contrast to the ubiquitous occurring phenolics and carotenoids, glucosinolates are only present in the Brassicales species Ethiopian kale, common kale and spiderplant characterized by diverse glucosinolate profiles. Generally, the consumption of a variety of these indigenous African leafy vegetables can be recommended to contribute to different benefits such as antioxidant activity, increase pro-vitamin A and anticancerogenic compounds in a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany.
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Benard Ngwene
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - John Wesonga
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
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36
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Murray IA, Perdew GH. Ligand activation of the Ah receptor contributes to gastrointestinal homeostasis. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 2:15-23. [PMID: 28944314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Ah receptor (AHR) is capable of binding a structurally diverse group of compounds that can be found in the diet, produced by bacteria in the gut and through endogenous metabolism. The gastrointestinal tract is a rich source of AHR ligands, which have been shown to protect the gut upon challenge with either pathogenic bacteria or toxic chemicals. The human AHR can be activated by a broader range of ligands compared to the mouse AHR, suggesting that studies in mice may underestimate the impact of AHR ligands in the human gut. The protective effect of AHR activation appears to be due to modulating the immune system within the gut. While several mechanisms have been established, due to the increasingly pleotropic nature of the AHR, other mechanisms of action likely exist that remain to be identified. The major contributors to AHR function in the gut and the most appropriate level of receptor activation that maintains intestinal homeostasis warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Wiesner-Reinhold M, Schreiner M, Baldermann S, Schwarz D, Hanschen FS, Kipp AP, Rowan DD, Bentley-Hewitt KL, McKenzie MJ. Mechanisms of Selenium Enrichment and Measurement in Brassicaceous Vegetables, and Their Application to Human Health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1365. [PMID: 28824693 PMCID: PMC5540907 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health. Se deficiency affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries, and there is increasing awareness that suboptimal supply of Se can also negatively affect human health. Selenium enters the diet primarily through the ingestion of plant and animal products. Although, plants are not dependent on Se they take it up from the soil through the sulphur (S) uptake and assimilation pathways. Therefore, geographic differences in the availability of soil Se and agricultural practices have a profound influence on the Se content of many foods, and there are increasing efforts to biofortify crop plants with Se. Plants from the Brassicales are of particular interest as they accumulate and synthesize Se into forms with additional health benefits, such as methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys). The Brassicaceae are also well-known to produce the glucosinolates; S-containing compounds with demonstrated human health value. Furthermore, the recent discovery of the selenoglucosinolates in the Brassicaceae raises questions regarding their potential bioefficacy. In this review we focus on Se uptake and metabolism in the Brassicaceae in the context of human health, particularly cancer prevention and immunity. We investigate the close relationship between Se and S metabolism in this plant family, with particular emphasis on the selenoglucosinolates, and consider the methodologies available for identifying and quantifying further novel Se-containing compounds in plants. Finally, we summarize the research of multiple groups investigating biofortification of the Brassicaceae and discuss which approaches might be most successful for supplying Se deficient populations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wiesner-Reinhold
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
- *Correspondence: Melanie Wiesner-Reinhold
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
- Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of PotsdamNuthethal, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schwarz
- Functional Plant Biology, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Franziska S. Hanschen
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Anna P. Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Daryl D. Rowan
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kerry L. Bentley-Hewitt
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marian J. McKenzie
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
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de Wit NJW, Hulst M, Govers C, van der Meulen J, van Hoef A, Stoopen G, Hamers A, Hoekman A, de Vos R, Bovee TFH, Smits M, Mes JJ, Hendriksen PJM. Effects of Digested Onion Extracts on Intestinal Gene Expression: An Interspecies Comparison Using Different Intestine Models. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160719. [PMID: 27631494 PMCID: PMC5025074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal tissue samples are barely accessible to study potential health benefits of nutritional compounds. Numbers of animals used in animal trials, however, need to be minimalized. Therefore, we explored the applicability of in vitro (human Caco-2 cells) and ex vivo intestine models (rat precision cut intestine slices and the pig in-situ small intestinal segment perfusion (SISP) technique) to study the effect of food compounds. In vitro digested yellow (YOd) and white onion extracts (WOd) were used as model food compounds and transcriptomics was applied to obtain more insight into which extent mode of actions depend on the model. The three intestine models shared 9,140 genes which were used to compare the responses to digested onions between the models. Unsupervised clustering analysis showed that genes up- or down-regulated by WOd in human Caco-2 cells and rat intestine slices were similarly regulated by YOd, indicating comparable modes of action for the two onion species. Highly variable responses to onion were found in the pig SISP model. By focussing only on genes with significant differential expression, in combination with a fold change > 1.5, 15 genes showed similar onion-induced expression in human Caco-2 cells and rat intestine slices and 2 overlapping genes were found between the human Caco-2 and pig SISP model. Pathway analyses revealed that mainly processes related to oxidative stress, and especially the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, were affected by onions in all three models. Our data fit with previous in vivo studies showing that the beneficial effects of onions are mostly linked to their antioxidant properties. Taken together, our data indicate that each of the in vitro and ex vivo intestine models used in this study, taking into account their limitations, can be used to determine modes of action of nutritional compounds and can thereby reduce the number of animals used in conventional nutritional intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J. W. de Wit
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Hulst
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen Govers
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Meulen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angeline van Hoef
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Stoopen
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hamers
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Hoekman
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ric de Vos
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Toine F. H. Bovee
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mari Smits
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J. Mes
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. M. Hendriksen
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Guzmán-Pérez V, Bumke-Vogt C, Schreiner M, Mewis I, Borchert A, Pfeiffer AFH. Benzylglucosinolate Derived Isothiocyanate from Tropaeolum majus Reduces Gluconeogenic Gene and Protein Expression in Human Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162397. [PMID: 27622707 PMCID: PMC5021297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) contains high concentrations of benzylglcosinolate. We found that a hydrolysis product of benzyl glucosinolate-the benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC)-modulates the intracellular localization of the transcription factor Forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1). FoxO transcription factors can antagonize insulin effects and trigger a variety of cellular processes involved in tumor suppression, longevity, development and metabolism. The current study evaluated the ability of BITC-extracted as intact glucosinolate from nasturtium and hydrolyzed with myrosinase-to modulate i) the insulin-signaling pathway, ii) the intracellular localization of FOXO1 and, iii) the expression of proteins involved in gluconeogenesis, antioxidant response and detoxification. Stably transfected human osteosarcoma cells (U-2 OS) with constitutive expression of FOXO1 protein labeled with GFP (green fluorescent protein) were used to evaluate the effect of BITC on FOXO1. Human hepatoma HepG2 cell cultures were selected to evaluate the effect on gluconeogenic, antioxidant and detoxification genes and protein expression. BITC reduced the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT/PKB) and FOXO1; promoted FOXO1 translocation from cytoplasm into the nucleus antagonizing the insulin effect; was able to down-regulate the gene and protein expression of gluconeogenic enzymes; and induced the gene expression of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. Knockdown analyses with specific siRNAs showed that the expression of gluconeogenic genes was dependent on nuclear factor (erythroid derived)-like2 (NRF2) and independent of FOXO1, AKT and NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). The current study provides evidence that BITC might have a role in type 2 diabetes T2D by reducing hepatic glucose production and increasing antioxidant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guzmán-Pérez
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Sciences Faculty—Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Christiane Bumke-Vogt
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Inga Mewis
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Borchert
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ferruzza S, Natella F, Ranaldi G, Murgia C, Rossi C, Trošt K, Mattivi F, Nardini M, Maldini M, Giusti AM, Moneta E, Scaccini C, Sambuy Y, Morelli G, Baima S. Nutraceutical Improvement Increases the Protective Activity of Broccoli Sprout Juice in a Human Intestinal Cell Model of Gut Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E48. [PMID: 27529258 PMCID: PMC5039501 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefits to health from a high consumption of fruits and vegetables are well established and have been attributed to bioactive secondary metabolites present in edible plants. However, the effects of specific health-related phytochemicals within a complex food matrix are difficult to assess. In an attempt to address this problem, we have used elicitation to improve the nutraceutical content of seedlings of Brassica oleracea grown under controlled conditions. Analysis, by LC-MS, of the glucosinolate, isothiocyanate and phenolic compound content of juices obtained from sprouts indicated that elicitation induces an enrichment of several phenolics, particularly of the anthocyanin fraction. To test the biological activity of basal and enriched juices we took advantage of a recently developed in vitro model of inflamed human intestinal epithelium. Both sprouts' juices protected intestinal barrier integrity in Caco-2 cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor α under marginal zinc deprivation, with the enriched juice showing higher protection. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the extent of rescue from stress-induced epithelial dysfunction correlated with the composition in bioactive molecules of the juices and, in particular, with a group of phenolic compounds, including several anthocyanins, quercetin-3-Glc, cryptochlorogenic, neochlorogenic and cinnamic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Ferruzza
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fausta Natella
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ranaldi
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Murgia
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Rossi
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Kajetan Trošt
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
| | - Mirella Nardini
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Maldini
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Moneta
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Scaccini
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Yula Sambuy
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Morelli
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Baima
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
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41
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Farzaei MH, Bahramsoltani R, Abdolghaffari AH, Sodagari HR, Esfahani SA, Rezaei N. A mechanistic review on plant-derived natural compounds as dietary supplements for prevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:745-58. [PMID: 26799847 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1145546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurrent idiopathic inflammatory condition, characterized by disruption of the gut mucosal barrier. This mechanistic review aims to highlight the significance of plant-derived natural compounds as dietary supplements, which can be used in addition to restricted conventional options for the prevention of IBD and induction of remission. Various clinical trials confirmed the effectiveness and tolerability of natural supplements in patients with IBD. Mounting evidence suggests that these natural compounds perform their protective and therapeutic effect on IBD through numerous molecular mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory, anti-oxidative stress, modulation of intracellular signaling transduction pathways, as well as improving gut microbiota. In conclusion, natural products can be considered as dietary supplements with therapeutic potential for IBD, provided that their safety and efficacy is confirmed in future well-designed clinical trials with adequate sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran.,b Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- d Medicinal Plants Research Center , Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,e International Campus ICTUMS , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sodagari
- f Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch , Islamic Azad University , Karaj , Iran
| | - Shadi A Esfahani
- g Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- h Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,i Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,j Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
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42
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Peng X, He Q, Li G, Ma J, Zhong TP. Rac1-PAK2 pathway is essential for zebrafish heart regeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:637-42. [PMID: 26966072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
P-21 activated kinases, or PAKs, are serine-threonine kinases that play important roles in diverse heart functions include heart development, cardiovascular development and function in a range of models; however, the mechanisms by which PAKs mediate heart regeneration are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PAK2 and PAK4 expression is induced in cardiomyocytes and vessels, respectively, following zebrafish heart injury. Inhibition of PAK2 and PAK4 using a specific small molecule inhibitor impedes cardiomyocyte proliferation/dedifferentiation and cardiovascular regeneration, respectively. Cdc42 is specifically expressed in the ventricle and may function upstream of PAK2 but not PAK4 under normal conditions and that cardiomyocyte proliferentation during heart regeneration relies on Rac1-mediated activation of Pak2. Our results indicate that PAKs play a key role in heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Quanze He
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Jiangsu 215002, China
| | - Guobao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao P Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, TN 37232, USA.
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43
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Triantafillidis JK, Triantafyllidi A, Vagianos C, Papalois A. Favorable results from the use of herbal and plant products in inflammatory bowel disease: evidence from experimental animal studies. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29:268-81. [PMID: 27366027 PMCID: PMC4923812 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2016.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal therapy for inflammatory bowel disease is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the available literature on the efficacy of herbal therapy in experimental colitis. All relevant studies published in Medline and Embase up to June 2015 have been reviewed. The results of bowel histology and serum parameters have been recorded. A satisfactory number of published experimental studies, and a quite large one of both herbal and plant products tested in different studies have been reported. The results showed that in the majority of the studies, herbal therapy reduced the inflammatory activity of experimental colitis and diminished the levels of many inflammatory indices, including serum cytokines and indices of oxidative stress. The most promising plant and herbal products were tormentil extracts, wormwoodherb, Aloe vera, germinated barley foodstuff, curcumin, Boswellia serrata, Panax notoginseng, Ixeris dentata, green tea, Cordia dichotoma, Plantago lanceolata, Iridoidglycosides, and mastic gum. Herbal therapies exert their therapeutic benefit via various mechanisms, including immune regulation, anti-oxidant activity, inhibition of leukotriene B4 and nuclear factor-κB, and antiplatelet activity. Large, double-blind clinical studies assessing these natural substances should be urgently conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Triantafillidis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, "IASO General" Hospital (John K. Triantafillidis, Aikaterini Triantafyllidi), Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Triantafyllidi
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, "IASO General" Hospital (John K. Triantafillidis, Aikaterini Triantafyllidi), Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Vagianos
- 2 Surgical Department, "Laikon" Hospital, University of Athens (Constantinos Vagianos), Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Papalois
- Experimental-Research Center, ELPEN (Apostolos Papalois), Athens, Greece
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44
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Faust D, Nikolova T, Wätjen W, Kaina B, Dietrich C. The Brassica-derived phytochemical indolo[3,2-b]carbazole protects against oxidative DNA damage by aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:967-982. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Keratinocyte Growth Factor Regulation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:444-52. [PMID: 26514676 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) stimulates normal growth, development and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Cyclin D1 promotes the cell cycle by inhibiting retinoblastoma protein (RB1). The activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has an important influence on the development of tumors through its interactions with the cell cycle. AIM The aim of the present study was to explore a new role for AhR in KGF-induced colon cancer cell growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time PCR, western blot or immunofluorescence analysis were used to detect the expression of KGF, AhR, cyclin D1 and CYP1A1. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the localization of AhR. MTT assay and flow cytometric analyses were performed to measure cell viability and the cell cycle. RESULTS Real-time PCR analysis revealed that KGF, AhR, and CYP1A1 mRNAs were overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues. Meanwhile, overexpression of AhR was primarily observed in epithelial cells. In in vitro assay, KGF promoted colon cancer cell growth, as well as up-regulated and activated AhR. At the same time, AhR-knockdown colon cancer cells were less responsive to KGF. Western blot analysis, real-time PCR, or immunofluorescence data indicated that cyclin D1 expression was up-regulated by KGF but this up-regulation was compromised when AhR was silenced, and the cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 stage in these cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that KGF, AhR, and CYP1A1 are overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues. Moreover, we reveal a new mechanism by which KGF promotes cell proliferation through the AhR-cyclin D1 pathway in colon cancer cells.
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Platz S, Kühn C, Schiess S, Schreiner M, Kemper M, Pivovarova O, Pfeiffer AFH, Rohn S. Bioavailability and metabolism of benzyl glucosinolate in humans consuming Indian cress (Tropaeolum majus L.). Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:652-60. [PMID: 26610401 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), which occurs in Brassicales, has demonstrated chemopreventive potency and cancer treatment properties in cell and animal studies. However, fate of BITC in human body is not comprehensively studied. Therefore, the present human intervention study investigates the metabolism of the glucosinolate (GSL) glucotropaeolin and its corresponding BITC metabolites. Analyzing BITC metabolites in plasma and urine should reveal insights about resorption, metabolism, and excretion. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen healthy men were randomly recruited for a cross-over study and consumed 10 g freeze-dried Indian cress as a liquid preparation containing 1000 μmol glucotropaeolin. Blood and urine samples were taken at several time points and investigated by LC-ESI-MS/MS after sample preparation using SPE. Plasma contained high levels of BITC-glutathione (BITC-GSH), BITC-cysteinylglycine (BITC-CysGly), and BITC-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (BITC-NAC) 1-5 h after ingestion, with BITC-CysGly appearing as the main metabolite. Compared to human plasma, the main urinary metabolites were BITC-NAC and BITC-Cys, determined 4-6 h after ingestion. CONCLUSION This study confirms that consumption of Indian cress increases the concentration of BITC metabolites in human plasma and urine. The outcome of this human intervention study supports clinical research dealing with GSL-containing innovative food products or pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Platz
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla Kühn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Schiess
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Margrit Kemper
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Polyphenols as Modulator of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Disease: New Therapeutic Strategies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6475624. [PMID: 26649142 PMCID: PMC4663347 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6475624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer onset and progression have been linked to oxidative stress by increasing DNA mutations or inducing DNA damage, genome instability, and cell proliferation and therefore antioxidant agents could interfere with carcinogenesis. It is well known that conventional radio-/chemotherapies influence tumour outcome through ROS modulation. Since these antitumour treatments have important side effects, the challenge is to develop new anticancer therapeutic strategies more effective and less toxic for patients. To this purpose, many natural polyphenols have emerged as very promising anticancer bioactive compounds. Beside their well-known antioxidant activities, several polyphenols target epigenetic processes involved in cancer development through the modulation of oxidative stress. An alternative strategy to the cytotoxic treatment is an approach leading to cytostasis through the induction of therapy-induced senescence. Many anticancer polyphenols cause cellular growth arrest through the induction of a ROS-dependent premature senescence and are considered promising antitumour therapeutic tools. Furthermore, one of the most innovative and interesting topics is the evaluation of efficacy of prooxidant therapies on cancer stem cells (CSCs). Several ROS inducers-polyphenols can impact CSCs metabolisms and self-renewal related pathways. Natural polyphenol roles, mainly in chemoprevention and cancer therapies, are described and discussed in the light of the current literature data.
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Ganesh BP, Versalovic J. Luminal Conversion and Immunoregulation by Probiotics. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:269. [PMID: 26617521 PMCID: PMC4641912 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial microbes are responsible for the synthesis of nutrients and metabolites that are likely important for the maintenance of mammalian health. Many nutrients and metabolites derived from the gut microbiota by luminal conversion have been implicated in the development, homeostasis and function of innate and adaptive immunity. These factors clearly suggest that intestinal microbiota may influence host immunity via microbial metabolite-dependent mechanisms. We describe how intestinal microbes including probiotics generate microbial metabolites that modulate mucosal and systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Priya Ganesh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital , Houston, TX, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital , Houston, TX, USA
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Budnowski J, Hanske L, Schumacher F, Glatt H, Platz S, Rohn S, Blaut M. Glucosinolates Are Mainly Absorbed Intact in Germfree and Human Microbiota-Associated Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8418-8428. [PMID: 26365197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprotective or genotoxic effects of glucosinolates occurring in Brassica vegetables are attributed to their hydrolysis products formed upon tissue damage by plant myrosinase. Since Brassica vegetables, in which myrosinase has been heat-inactivated, still display bioactivity, glucosinolate activation has been attributed to intestinal bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this is true. Glucoraphanin (172 mg/kg body weight) and neoglucobrassicin (297 mg/kg body weight) were administered intragastrically to germ free and human microbiota associated (HMA) mice. Approximately 30% of the applied doses of glucoraphanin and neoglucobrassicin were excreted unchanged in the urine of both germ free and HMA mice. Isothiocyanates, sulforaphane, and erucin, formed from glucoraphanin, were mainly excreted as urinary N-acetyl-l-cysteine conjugates. N-Methoxyindole-3-carbinol formed from neoglucobrassicin was observed in small amounts in both germ free and HMA mice. Formation of DNA adducts from neoglucobrassicin was also independent from bacterial colonization of the mice. Hence, intestinal bacteria are involved in the bioactivation of glucosinolates in the gut, but their contribution to glucosinolate transformation in HMA mice is apparently very small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Budnowski
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Laura Hanske
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Hansruedi Glatt
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefanie Platz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal, Germany
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Hiller F, Besselt K, Deubel S, Brigelius-Flohé R, Kipp AP. GPx2 Induction Is Mediated Through STAT Transcription Factors During Acute Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:2078-89. [PMID: 26115075 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2) is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal epithelium. During inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, GPx2 expression is enhanced. METHODS We analyzed GPx2 expression and transcriptional regulation during the different phases of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and in cytokine-treated colorectal cancer cells. RESULTS In the colon of DSS-treated mice, GPx2 was upregulated during the acute and recovery phase. In the latter, it was specifically localized in regenerating ki67-positive crypts next to ulcerations. In cultured cells, endogenous GPx2 expression and GPx2 promoter activity were enhanced by the anti-inflammatory mediators 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and interleukin-22 (IL-22), while it was unaffected by classical proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β. Induction of GPx2 expression by 15d-PGJ2 was mediated through Nrf2. In contrast, in DSS-treated Nrf2-KO mice GPx2 expression remained upregulated during recovery, which appeared to be independent of Nrf2. IL-22 activates transcription factors of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family. Therefore, we analyzed the GPx2 promoter for putative STAT-responsive elements and identified 4 of them. Point mutation of the binding element next to the transcription start completely abolished promoter activation after IL-22 treatment and after cotransfection of STAT expression plasmids. To show in vivo relevance of the obtained results, we performed immunohistochemistry for phospho-STAT3 and GPx2. Especially during acute colitis, GPx2 and nuclear STAT3 colocalized in inflamed areas. CONCLUSIONS GPx2 is a novel target of STAT transcription factors. The upregulation of GPx2 by IL-22 indicates that GPx2 might be important for the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hiller
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
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