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Xue Y, Zhang H, Su F, Zhang L, Lang G, Zhu Y, Gu C, Zhou P, Zhan X, Liu D. Gradient Hierarchically Porous Ionic-Junction Fibers of Wet-Spun Carboxymethyl Cellulose Coagulated with Copper Sulfate. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4867-4878. [PMID: 39047203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte-based ionic-junction fibers newly serve as signal transmission and translation media between electronic devices and biological systems, facilitating ion transport within organic matrices. In this work, we fabricated gel filaments of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) chelated with Cu(II) ions through wet-spinning, using a saturated coagulant of CuSO4. Interestingly, the as-spun fibers exhibited dramatic 3D porous frameworks that varied with the temperature and precursor concentration. At 20 °C, the Cu(II) chelation networks favored the formation of well-organized cellular chambers or corrugated channels, displaying dense stacking patterns. However, critical transitions from cellular chambers to corrugated channels occurred at precursor dope concentrations of approximately 2 and 7 wt %, with the porous structure diminishing beyond 8 wt %. We have proposed schematic diagrams to mimic the 3D pore structure, dense porous stacking, and formation mechanism, according to electronic micrographs. Our investigations revealed that the distinct ion-junction channels or chambers are under the control of axial drawing extension as well as the outside-inside penetration of Cu(II) ions into the dope and inside-outside diffusion of water into coagulants. Therefore, controlling the metal chelation-water diffusion process at specific temperatures and concentrations will offer valuable insights for tailoring ionic-junction soft filaments with gradient hierarchically porous structures and shape memory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fan Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Gaoyuan Lang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chengyu Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xinrui Zhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Dagang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Malarat S, Khongpun D, Limtong K, Sinthuwong N, Soontornapaluk P, Sakdaronnarong C, Posoknistakul P. Preparation of Nanocellulose from Coffee Pulp and Its Potential as a Polymer Reinforcement. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25122-25133. [PMID: 37483260 PMCID: PMC10357455 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most valued agricultural products regarding its high commercialization rate. During the production of coffee beans, coffee pulp is obtained as one of the main byproducts with a cellulose content of more than 30% of dry weight. This research focused on the value-added potential of coffee pulp fiber as the reinforcement in composite materials. The nanocellulose coffee pulp (NCP) from the coffee pulp (CP) was prepared and subsequently used as a filler to reinforce the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix for the improvement of PVA composite properties. The CP was treated via alkali and bleaching treatment before the production of NCP using the acid hydrolysis treatment. The TEM result of NCP showed the successful preparation of NCP with an average diameter of 16.03 ± 4.70 nm with increasing crystallinity size and crystallinity index. The effect of glycerol (G) in the PVA matrix was observed. The result showed that glycerol had a play-role as a plasticizer for increased flexibility and decreased hardness and brittleness of PVA nanocomposite film. The nanocomposite film of PVA/G/NCP was fabricated with various ratios of NCP through the casting method. It was shown that the physical properties were improved with the presence of NCP in the PVA matrix compared to the neat PVA film.
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Zhou C, Xie Y, Li Y, Li B, Zhang Y, Liu S. Water-in-water emulsion stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals and their high enrichment effect on probiotic bacteria. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:254-264. [PMID: 36459932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The effect of the molecular weight and polymer concentration on the partition behavior of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPs) is significant for constructing water-in-water (W/W) emulsions. Hence, a long-term stable W/W emulsion system might be obtained through selecting the appropriate stabilizer and component phases, which could be a possible carrier for probiotics. EXPERIMENTS Compared with the reported molecular weight difference between polyethylene oxide (PEO) and dextran (DEX) systems, PEO and dextran with lower molecular weight had been used for constructing the water in water (W/W) emulsion system. The W/W emulsions were stabilized using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and the potential application of the W/W emulsion for the encapsulation of Lactobacillus was explored. FINDINGS Emulsion stability exhibited a "dose-effect" relationship with the CNCs concentration and was decreased with the increase of the DEX concentration. The emulsion phase separation rate was increased with increasing ionic strength and temperature. Both Lactobacillus Plantarum and Lactobacillus helveticus were highly inclined to the DEX phase, and the emulsion droplets were deformed and aggregated when the encapsulation amount was increased. This long-term stability would provide a promising approach for designing high-density culture and fermentation of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Zhou
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yunxiao Xie
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Hubei Gedian Humanwell Pharmaceutical Excipients Co., LTD, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Abbasi Moud A. Advanced cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) aerogels: Bottom-up assembly perspective for production of adsorbents. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1-29. [PMID: 36156339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most common and abundant polymer in nature is the linear polysaccharide cellulose, but processing it requires a new approach since cellulose degrades before melting and does not dissolve in ordinary organic solvents. Cellulose aerogels are exceptionally porous (>90 %), have a high specific surface area, and have low bulk density (0.0085 mg/cm3), making them suitable for a variety of sophisticated applications including but not limited to adsorbents. The production of materials with different qualities from the nanocellulose based aerogels is possible thanks to the ease with which other chemicals may be included into the structure of nanocellulose based aerogels; despite processing challenges, cellulose can nevertheless be formed into useful, value-added products using a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques. To improve the adsorption of these aerogels, rheology, 3-D printing, surface modification, employment of metal organic frameworks, freezing temperature, and freeze casting techniques were all investigated and included. In addition to exploring venues for creation of aerogels, their integration with CNC liquid crystal formation were also explored and examined to pursue "smart adsorbent aerogels". The objective of this endeavour is to provide a concise and in-depth evaluation of recent findings about the conception and understanding of nanocellulose aerogel employing a variety of technologies and examination of intricacies involved in enhancing adsorption properties of these aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Abbasi Moud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Abbasi Moud A. Chiral Liquid Crystalline Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Fundamentals and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30673-30699. [PMID: 36092570 PMCID: PMC9453985 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By using an independent self-assembly process that is occasionally controlled by evaporation, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) may create films (pure or in conjunction with other materials) that have iridescent structural colors. The self-forming chiral nematic structures and environmental safety of a new class of photonic liquid crystals (LCs), referred to as CNCs and CNC-embedded materials, make them simple to make and treat. The structure of the matrix interacts with light to give structural coloring, as opposed to other dye pigments, which interact with light by adsorption and reflection. Understanding how CNC self-assembly constructs structures is vital in several fields, including physics, science, and engineering. To constructure this review, the colloidal characteristics of CNC particles and their behavior during the formation of liquid crystals and gelling were studied. Then, some of the recognized applications for these naturally occurring nanoparticles were summarized. Different factors were considered, including the CNC aspect ratio, surface chemistry, concentration, the amount of time needed to produce an anisotropic phase, and the addition of additional substances to the suspension medium. The effects of alignment and the drying process conditions on structural changes are also covered. The focus of this study however is on the optical properties of the films as well as the impact of the aforementioned factors on the final transparency, iridescent colors, and versus the overall response of these bioinspired photonic materials. Control of the examined factors was found to be necessary to produce reliable materials for optoelectronics, intelligent inks and papers, transparent flexible support for electronics, and decorative coatings and films.
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A Sequenced Study of Improved Dielectric Properties of Carbon Nanotubes and Metal Oxide-Reinforced Polymer Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134592. [PMID: 35806717 PMCID: PMC9267293 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymers have gained attraction at the industrial level owing to their elastic and lightweight nature, as well as their astonishing mechanical and electrical applications. Their scope is limited due to their organic nature, which eventually leads to the degradation of their properties. The aim of this work was to produce polymer composites with finely dispersed metal oxide nanofillers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the investigation of their charge-storage applications. This work reports the preparation of different polymeric composites with varying concentrations of metal oxide (MO) nanofillers and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The successful synthesis of nanofillers (i.e., NiO and CuO) was carried out via the sonication and precipitation methods, respectively. After, the smooth and uniform polymeric composite thin films were prepared via the solution-casting methodology. Spectroscopy and diffraction techniques were used for the preliminary characterization. Scanning electron microscopy was used to check the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MOs in the polymer matrix. The addition of nanofillers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tuned the bandgap, reduced the strain, and enhanced the elastic limit of the polymer. The addition of CNT enhanced the mechanical strength of the composite; however, it increased the conductivity, which was tuned by using metal oxides. By increasing the concentration of NiO and CuO from 2% to 6% bandgap of PVA, which is 5–6 eV reduced to 4.41 and 4.34 eV, Young’s moduli of up to 59 and 57.7 MPa, respectively, were achieved. Moreover, improved dielectric properties were achieved, which shows that the addition of metal oxide enhances the dielectric behavior of the material.
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Cheng Y, Lin J, Zheng Y, Chen X, Lu C. High-Performance Gel-Spun Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fibers Reinforced by Organosolv Lignin- graft-poly(acrylic acid). Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Modern Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiaxian Lin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Modern Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Modern Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Modern Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chunhong Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Modern Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Krishnappa PB, Kodoth AK, Kulal P, Badalamoole V. Effective removal of ionic dyes from aqueous media using modified karaya gum–PVA semi-interpenetrating network system. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hynninen V, Patrakka J, Nonappa. Methylcellulose-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites for Optomechanically Tunable Hydrogels and Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5137. [PMID: 34576360 PMCID: PMC8465715 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of cellulose offers routes for structurally and functionally diverse biopolymer derivatives for numerous industrial applications. Among cellulose derivatives, cellulose ethers have found extensive use, such as emulsifiers, in food industries and biotechnology. Methylcellulose, one of the simplest cellulose derivatives, has been utilized for biomedical, construction materials and cell culture applications. Its improved water solubility, thermoresponsive gelation, and the ability to act as a matrix for various dopants also offer routes for cellulose-based functional materials. There has been a renewed interest in understanding the structural, mechanical, and optical properties of methylcellulose and its composites. This review focuses on the recent development in optically and mechanically tunable hydrogels derived from methylcellulose and methylcellulose-cellulose nanocrystal composites. We further discuss the application of the gels for preparing highly ductile and strong fibers. Finally, the emerging application of methylcellulose-based fibers as optical fibers and their application potentials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Hynninen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jani Patrakka
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland;
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10
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Li Q, Guo M, Liu D, Qiao H, Gustave W, Prempeh N, Cai Y, Peng J. Structure Color Tuners of Cholesteric Cellulose Nanocrystal. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mengna Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Dagang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Williamson Gustave
- The School of Chemistry, Environmental & Life Sciences, University of The Bahamas, New Providence, Nassau 999154, The Bahamas
| | - Nana Prempeh
- Department of Geographic Science, University of Energy and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana, West Africa
| | - Yongqing Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jingnan Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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11
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Malik A, Seeberger PH, Brezesinski G, Varón Silva D. Zwitterionic Character and Lipid Composition Determine the Behaviour of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Fragments in Monolayers. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:757-763. [PMID: 33586851 PMCID: PMC8251720 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are complex glycolipids found in free form or anchoring proteins to the outer leaflet of the cell membrane in eukaryotes. GPIs have been associated with the formation of lipid rafts and protein sorting on membranes. The presence of a conserved glycan core with cell-specific modifications together with lipid remodelling during biosynthesis suggest that the properties of the glycolipids are being fine-tuned. We synthesized a series of GPI fragments and evaluated the interactions and arrangement of these glycolipids in monolayers as a 2-D membrane model. GIXD and IRRAS analyses showed the need of N-acetylglucosamine deacetylation for the formation of hydrogen bonds to obtain highly structured domains in the monolayers and an effect of the unsaturated lipids in formation and localization of the glycolipids within or between membrane microdomains. These results contribute to understand the role of these glycolipids and their modifications in the organization of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Malik
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
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Ranjbar D, Hatzikiriakos SG. Effect of Ionic Surfactants on the Viscoelastic Properties of Chiral Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:293-301. [PMID: 31845815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The gelation of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions is explored in the presence of two ionic surfactants, namely, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with a negatively charged head and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with a positively charged head. The viscosity profile of pure CNC suspensions indicated that at concentrations greater than 5 wt %, they exhibit gel-like behavior, where the viscosity shows a single shear-thinning profile. However, at concentrations lower than 1 wt %, the suspension shows isotropic behavior and experiences a transition to chiral nematic biphasic domains at increasing CNC concentration. In addition, the effect of CTAB, SDS, and NaCl on the surface charge of CNCs is analyzed and coupled with rheological measurements in order to study the relative importance of surfactants and ionic strength on the viscoelastic properties of the CNC suspensions. The mechanism of CNC/surfactants and CNC/CNC interactions leading to the gelation of CNC suspensions is also investigated. It was found that the addition of both ionic surfactants results in the gelation of biphasic chiral nematic CNC suspensions by fostering cross-linking between individual CNCs at smaller concentrations. In the case of CTAB, a gradual and ongoing increase in the viscoelastic moduli was observed with the increase of surfactant concentration, implying the induction of dominant attractive forces between CNCs by surfactant molecules. However, the presence of SDS stimulates both attractive and repulsive forces whose relative dominance controls the viscoelastic properties and gelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damoon Ranjbar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z3 , Canada
| | - Savvas G Hatzikiriakos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z3 , Canada
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13
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Mesophase transition of cellulose nanocrystals aroused by the incorporation of two cellulose derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115843. [PMID: 32059895 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) per their twisting structure and high aspect ratio and charged surface property are increasingly receiving great attention in chiral photonic crystal and pigment fabrication. However, the cholesteric mesophases of CNCs is unstable and easily destroyed by the additives with high Mw. In this work, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are incorporated into CNCs for a continuous mesophase transition monitoring. We investigated the effects of HPC and CMC on the properties of CNCs with respect to the morphology, mesophase, rheology, and structure-color properties. Our results showed that the addition of CMC (≥ 1 wt%) prevented the formation of a continuous cholesteric phase but resulting in a fast gelation due to the strong repulsion between CMC and CNCs. Alternatively, the cholesteric phase was well-preserved in the CNC/HPC in which HPC (< 10 wt%) served as an efficient tuner of phase transition, color hue and rheology properties.
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14
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Redondo A, Chatterjee S, Brodard P, Korley LTJ, Weder C, Gunkel I, Steiner U. Melt-Spun Nanocomposite Fibers Reinforced with Aligned Tunicate Nanocrystals. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1912. [PMID: 31757006 PMCID: PMC6960881 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of nanocomposite films and fibers based on cellulose nanocrystals (P-tCNCs) and a thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) elastomer is reported. High-aspect-ratio P-tCNCs were isolated from tunicates using phosphoric acid hydrolysis, which is a process that affords nanocrystals displaying high thermal stability. Nanocomposites were produced by solvent casting (films) or melt-mixing in a twin-screw extruder and subsequent melt-spinning (fibers). The processing protocols were found to affect the orientation of both PU hard segments and the P-tCNCs within the PU matrix and therefore the mechanical properties. While the films were isotropic, both the polymer matrix and the P-tCNCs proved to be aligned along the fiber direction in the fibers, as shown using SAXS/WAXS, angle-dependent Raman spectroscopy, and birefringence analysis. Tensile tests reveal that fibers and films, at similar P-tCNC contents, display Young's moduli and strain-at-break that are within the same order of magnitude, but the stress-at-break was found to be ten-times higher for fibers, conferring them a superior toughness over films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Redondo
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Sourav Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (S.C.); (L.T.J.K.)
| | - Pierre Brodard
- College of Engineering and Architecture of Fribourg, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Boulevard de Pérolles 80, CH-1705 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (S.C.); (L.T.J.K.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Ilja Gunkel
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.R.); (C.W.)
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Jiang E, Maghe M, Zohdi N, Amiralian N, Naebe M, Laycock B, Fox BL, Martin DJ, Annamalai PK. Influence of Different Nanocellulose Additives on Processing and Performance of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9720-9730. [PMID: 31460062 PMCID: PMC6649255 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose, as a biobased versatile nanomaterial that can be derived with tailorable surface functionalities, dimensions, and morphologies, has considerable implications for modifying the rheology, mechanical reinforcement, and influencing the carbonization efficiency in the production of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers. Herein, we report the influence of three different nanocellulose types, varying in the derivatization method, source, and aspect ratio, on the mechanical properties and thermal transformations of solution-spun PAN/nanocellulose nanocomposite fibers into carbon fibers. The incorporation of 0.1 wt % nanocellulose into solution-spun PAN fibers led to a 7-19% increase in tensile modulus and 0-27% increase in tensile strength in the solution-spun fibers, compared to a control PAN fiber. These improvements varied depending on the nanocellulose type. After low-temperature carbonization at 1200 °C, improvements in the mechanical properties of the nanocellulose-reinforced carbon fibers, compared with a PAN fiber, were also observed. In contrast to the precursor fibers, the improvement % in the carbonized fibers was found to be dependent on the nanocellulose morphology and was linearly correlated with increasing aspect ratio of nanocellulose. For example, in carbon fibers with a cotton-derived low-aspect-ratio cellulose nanocrystal and spinifex-derived high-aspect-ratio CNC and nanofiber, up to 4, 87, and 172% improvements in tensile moduli were observed, respectively. Due to the processing methods used, the nanocellulose aspect ratio and crystallinity are inversely related, and as such, the increase in the carbon fiber mechanical properties was also related to a decrease in crystallinity of the nanocellulose reinforcers. Raman spectra and electron microscopy analysis suggest that mechanical improvement after carbonization is due to internal reinforcement by highly ordered regions surrounding the carbonized nanocellulose, within the turbostratic carbon fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Jiang
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Maxime Maghe
- Carbon
Nexus, Deakin University, Institute for
Frontier Materials, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Nima Zohdi
- Carbon
Nexus, Deakin University, Institute for
Frontier Materials, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Nasim Amiralian
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Carbon
Nexus, Deakin University, Institute for
Frontier Materials, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Queensland, Advanced Engineering
Building, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bronwyn L. Fox
- Carbon
Nexus, Deakin University, Institute for
Frontier Materials, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Manufacturing
Futures Research Institute, Swinburne University
of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Darren J. Martin
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pratheep K. Annamalai
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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16
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Hynninen V, Mohammadi P, Wagermaier W, Hietala S, Linder MB, Ikkala O, Nonappa. Methyl cellulose/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposite fibers with high ductility. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Meng X, Pan H, Lu T, Chen Z, Chen Y, Zhang D, Zhu S. Photonic-structured fibers assembled from cellulose nanocrystals with tunable polarized selective reflection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:325604. [PMID: 29757154 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac44b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibers with self-assembled photonic structures are of special interest due to their unique photonic properties and potential applications in the smart textile industry. Inspired by nature, the photonic-structured fibers were fabricated through the self-assembly of chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and the fibers showed tunably brilliant and selectively reflected colors under crossed-polarization. A simple wet-spinning method was applied to prepare composite fibers of the mixed CNC matrix and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) additions. During the processing, a cholesteric CNC phase formed photonic fibers through a self-assembly process. The selective color reflection of the composite fibers in the polarized condition showed a typical red-shift tendency with an increase in the PVA content, which was attributed to the increased helical pitch of the CNC. Furthermore, the polarized angle could also alter the reflected colors. Owing to their excellent selective reflection properties under the polarized condition, CNC-based photonic fibers are promising as the next-generation of smart fibers, applied in the fields of specific display and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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18
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Klockars K, Tardy BL, Borghei M, Tripathi A, Greca LG, Rojas OJ. Effect of Anisotropy of Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions on Stratification, Domain Structure Formation, and Structural Colors. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2931-2943. [PMID: 29754482 PMCID: PMC6117106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Outstanding optical and mechanical properties can be obtained from hierarchical assemblies of nanoparticles. Herein, the formation of helically ordered, chiral nematic films obtained from aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were studied as a function of the initial suspension state. Specifically, nanoparticle organization and the structural colors displayed by the resultant dry films were investigated as a function of the anisotropic volume fraction (AVF), which depended on the initial CNC concentration and equilibration time. The development of structural color and the extent of macroscopic stratification were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy as well as UV-vis spectroscopy. Overall, suspensions above the critical threshold required for formation of liquid crystals resulted in CNC films assembled with longer ranged order, more homogeneous pitches along the cross sections, and narrower specific absorption bands. This effect was more pronounced for the suspensions that were closer to equilibrium prior to drying. Thus, we show that high AVF and more extensive phase separation in CNC suspensions resulted in large, long-range ordered chiral nematic domains in dried films. Additionally, the average CNC aspect ratio and size distribution in the two separated phases were measured and correlated to the formation of structured domains in the dried assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad
W. Klockars
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, and Department of
Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, and Department of
Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maryam Borghei
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, and Department of
Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Anurodh Tripathi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, and Department of
Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Luiz G. Greca
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, and Department of
Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, and Department of
Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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19
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Kontturi E, Laaksonen P, Linder MB, Gröschel AH, Rojas OJ, Ikkala O. Advanced Materials through Assembly of Nanocelluloses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703779. [PMID: 29504161 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging quest for lightweight materials with excellent mechanical properties and economic production, while still being sustainable and functionalizable. They could form the basis of the future bioeconomy for energy and material efficiency. Cellulose has long been recognized as an abundant polymer. Modified celluloses were, in fact, among the first polymers used in technical applications; however, they were later replaced by petroleum-based synthetic polymers. Currently, there is a resurgence of interest to utilize renewable resources, where cellulose is foreseen to make again a major impact, this time in the development of advanced materials. This is because of its availability and properties, as well as economic and sustainable production. Among cellulose-based structures, cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals display nanoscale lateral dimensions and lengths ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Their excellent mechanical properties are, in part, due to their crystalline assembly via hydrogen bonds. Owing to their abundant surface hydroxyl groups, they can be easily modified with nanoparticles, (bio)polymers, inorganics, or nanocarbons to form functional fibers, films, bulk matter, and porous aerogels and foams. Here, some of the recent progress in the development of advanced materials within this rapidly growing field is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Päivi Laaksonen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - André H Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, DE-45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
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20
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Tardy BL, Ago M, Guo J, Borghei M, Kämäräinen T, Rojas OJ. Optical Properties of Self-Assembled Cellulose Nanocrystals Films Suspended at Planar-Symmetrical Interfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1702084. [PMID: 29083528 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically structured materials comprising rod-like, chiral, nanoparticles are commonly encountered in nature as they can form assemblies with exceptional optical and mechanical characteristics. These include cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which have a large potential for the fabrication of bioinspired materials mimicking those advanced properties. Fine-tuning the optomechanical properties of assemblies obtained from CNCs hinges on the transformations from suspensions of liquid crystals to long-range order in the dry state. So far, associated transitions have been studied using trivial interfaces such as planar substrates. Such transitions are explored as they evolve onto meshed supports. The meshed substrate offers a complex topology, as is encountered in nature, for the formation of CNCs films. The CNCs self-assembly occurs under confinement and support of the framework bounding the mesh openings. This leads to coexisting suspended and supported nanoparticle layers exhibiting nematic and/or chiral nematic order. Optical microscopy combined with crossed polarizers indicate that the formation of the suspended films occurs via intermediate gelation or kinetic arrest of CNCs across the mesh's open areas. The formation of self-standing, ultrathin films of CNCs with tunable optical properties, such as selective reflections in the visible range (structural color), is demonstrated by using the presented simple and scalable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise L Tardy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, AALTO, Finland
| | - Mariko Ago
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, AALTO, Finland
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, AALTO, Finland
| | - Maryam Borghei
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, AALTO, Finland
| | - Tero Kämäräinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, AALTO, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, AALTO, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, P. O. Box 13500, FI-00076, AALTO, Finland
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21
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Song W, Liu D, Prempeh N, Song R. Fiber Alignment and Liquid Crystal Orientation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3273-3279. [PMID: 28925690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. By contrast, mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic occurred in the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers at a loss of long-ranged chiral twist. Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagang Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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22
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Synergistic effect of glycerol and ionic strength on the rheological behavior of cellulose nanocrystals suspension system. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:1073-1082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Hu C, Li J, Liu D, Song R, Gu J, Prempeh N, Li H. Effects of the coagulation temperature on the properties of wet-spun poly(vinyl alcohol)-graphene oxide fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Department of Chemistry; Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology; Nanjing 210044 China
| | - Jinlei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S4L7 Canada
| | - Dagang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Department of Chemistry; Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology; Nanjing 210044 China
| | - Renjie Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Department of Chemistry; Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology; Nanjing 210044 China
| | - Jiefan Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Department of Chemistry; Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology; Nanjing 210044 China
| | - Nana Prempeh
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Department of Chemistry; Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology; Nanjing 210044 China
| | - Huiyan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Department of Chemistry; Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology; Nanjing 210044 China
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24
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Gu M, Jiang C, Liu D, Prempeh N, Smalyukh II. Cellulose Nanocrystal/Poly(ethylene glycol) Composite as an Iridescent Coating on Polymer Substrates: Structure-Color and Interface Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32565-32573. [PMID: 27933844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The broad utility as an environmentally friendly and colorful coating of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was limited by its instability of coloration, brittleness, and lack of adhesion to a hydrophobic surface. In the present work, a neutral polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was introduced into CNC coatings through evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) on polymer matrices. The structure-color and mechanical properties of the composite coating or coating film were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD), and tensile tests. Results showed that the reflective wavelength of the iridescent CNCs could be finely tuned by incorporation of PEG with varied loadings from 2.5 to 50 wt %, although the high loading content of PEG would produce some side effects because of the severe microphase separation. Second, PEG played an effective plasticizer to improve the ductility or flexibility of the CNC coating or coating film. Furthermore, as a compatibilizer, PEG could effectively and tremendously enhance the adhesion strength between CNCs and neutral polymer matrices without destroying the chiral nematic mesophases of CNCs. Environmentally friendly CNC/PEG composites with tunable iridescence, good flexibility, and high bonding strength to hydrophobic polymer matrices are expected to be promising candidates in the modern green paint industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
| | - Dagang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Nana Prempeh
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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25
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Lee WJ, Clancy AJ, Kontturi E, Bismarck A, Shaffer MSP. Strong and Stiff: High-Performance Cellulose Nanocrystal/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Composite Fibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31500-31504. [PMID: 27933978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of rodlike cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) suggest great potential as bioderived reinforcement in (nano)composites. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) is a useful industrial material and very compatible with CNC chemistry. High performance CNC/PVOH composite fibers were produced coaxial coagulation spinning, followed by hot-drawing. We showed that CNCs increase the alignment and crystallinity of PVOH, as well as providing direct reinforcement, leading to enhanced fiber strength and stiffness. At 40 wt % CNC loading, the strength and stiffness reached 880 MPa and 29.9 GPa, exceeding the properties of most other nanocellulose based composite fibers previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , P.O. Box 16300, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
- Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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26
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Falath W, Sabir A, Jacob KI. Novel reverse osmosis membranes composed of modified PVA/Gum Arabic conjugates: Biofouling mitigation and chlorine resistance enhancement. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 155:28-39. [PMID: 27702513 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel crosslinked Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) reverse osmosis (RO) thin film membrane conjugated with Gum Arabic (GA) with superb performance and features was synthesized for water desalination. RO membrane desalination parameters, such as hydrophilicity, surface roughness, water permeability, salt rejection, Chlorine resistance and biofouling resistance were evaluated using a dead end RO filtration unit. The incorporation of Pluronic F127 and the conjugation of Gum Arabic improved the overall RO performance of the membranes. This study has shown that the membrane PVA-GA-5 that contains 0.9wt% Gum Arabic provided excellent permeation, salt rejection, Chlorine and biofouling resistance and mechanical strength. The most remarkable result to arise from this research is that the overall RO performance enhancement has been achieved while utilizing PVA/Gum Arabic as a separation layer without the use of a substrate, which eliminates negative effects associated with the use of a substrate like internal concentration polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wail Falath
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aneela Sabir
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Karl I Jacob
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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27
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Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:440-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Singh V, Pal K, Banerjee I, Pramanik K, Anis A, Al-Zahrani S. Novel organogel based lyotropic liquid crystal physical gels for controlled delivery applications. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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