1
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Lim HJ, Song H, Son A. Multi-target aptamer assay for endocrine-disrupting phthalic acid ester panel screening in plastic leachates. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142366. [PMID: 38768782 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A multi-target aptamer assay was developed as a phthalic acid ester (PAE) panel to screen selected PAEs in plastic leachate samples. The panel comprises 13 PAEs (PAE-13), namely dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, and phthalic acid. Herein, we proposed an aptamer assay using a newly truncated aptamer (20-mer) and the 7-aminoactinomycin D fluorophore, which selectively binds to guanine in single-stranded DNA, resulting in increased fluorescence intensity. The assay is highly selective for PAE-13 clusters. The selectivity of the assay was evaluated using 13 different PAEs and mixtures depending on the side chain structure. The quantitative detection of PAEs was demonstrated by adopting mixed PAE-13 simulants and achieved a limit of detection of ∼1.4 pg/mL. The repeatability and reproducibility of the assay were also evaluated by presenting acceptable coefficients of variation (%CV less than 10% and 15%, respectively). The performance of the assay was demonstrated by analyzing the plastic leachate samples, and the positive correlation (correlation coefficient, r = 0.985) was confirmed by comparing them with the total sum of individual PAE peak areas obtained by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Lim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Song
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahjeong Son
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Labra-Vázquez P, Gressier M, Rioland G, Menu MJ. A review on solution- and vapor-responsive sensors for the detection of phthalates. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1282:341828. [PMID: 37923401 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters, largely referred to as phthalates, are today acknowledged as important pollutants used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based plastics, whose use extends to almost every aspect of modern life. The risk of exposure to phthalates is particularly relevant as high concentrations are regularly found in drinking water, food-contact materials and medical devices, motivating an immense body of research devoted to methods for their detection in liquid samples. Conversely, phthalate vapors have only recently been acknowledged as potentially important atmospheric pollutants and as early fire indicators; additionally, deposition of these vapors can pose significant problems to the proper functioning of spacecraft and diverse on-board devices, leading to major space agencies recognizing the need of developing vapor-responsive phthalate sensors. In this manuscript we present a literature survey on solution- and vapor-responsive sensors and analytical assays for the detection of phthalates, providing a detailed analysis of a vast array of analytical data to offer a clear idea on the analytical performance (limits of detection and quantification, linear range) and advantages provided by each class of sensor covered in this review (electrochemical, optical and vapor-responsive) in the context of their potential real-life applications; the manuscript also gives detailed fundamental information on the various physicochemical responses exploited by these sensors and assays that could potentially be harnessed by new researchers entering the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Labra-Vázquez
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
| | - Marie Gressier
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | - Guillaume Rioland
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, DTN/QE/LE, 31401, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Joëlle Menu
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
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3
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Freitas F, Cabrita MJ, da Silva MG. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for the Quantification of Phthalates Esters in Two Important European Food Products: Olive Oil and Wine. Molecules 2023; 28:7628. [PMID: 38005350 PMCID: PMC10673500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of chemicals widely used as plasticizers. These compounds, considered toxic, do not bond to the polymeric matrix of plastic and can, therefore, migrate into the surrounding environment, posing a risk to human health. The primary source of human exposure is food, which can become contaminated during cultivation, production, and packaging. Therefore, it is imperative to control and regulate this exposure. This review covers the analytical methods used for their determination in two economically significant products: olive oil and wine. Additionally, it provides a summary and analysis of information regarding the characteristics, toxicity, effects on human health, and current regulations pertaining to PAEs in food. Various approaches for the extraction, purification, and quantification of these analytes are highlighted. Solvent and sorbent-based extraction techniques are reviewed, as are the chromatographic separation and other methods currently applied in the analysis of PAEs in wines and olive oils. The analysis of these contaminants is challenging due to the complexities of the matrices and the widespread presence of PAEs in analytical laboratories, demanding the implementation of appropriate strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Freitas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria João Cabrita
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Marco Gomes da Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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Pezhhanfar S, Farajzadeh MA, Hosseini-Yazdi SA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. NiGA MOF-based dispersive micro solid phase extraction coupled to temperature-assisted evaporation using low boiling point solvents for the extraction and preconcentration of butylated hydroxytoluene and some phthalate and adipate esters. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30378-30390. [PMID: 37854488 PMCID: PMC10580260 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04612e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The first-ever attempt to apply nickel gallic acid metal-organic framework (NiGA MOF) in analytical method development was done in this research by the extraction of some plasticizers from aqueous media. The greenness of the method is owing to the use of gallic acid and nickel as safe reagents and water as the safest solvent. Low boiling point solvents were applied as desorption solvents that underwent temperature-assisted evaporation in the preconcentration step. Performing the evaporation using a low-temperature water bath for a short period of time streamlines the preconcentration section. Into the solution of interest enriched with sodium sulfate, a mg amount of NiGA MOF was added alongside vortexing to extract the analytes. Following centrifugation and discarding the supernatant, a μL level of diethyl ether was added onto the analyte-loaded NiGA MOF particles and vortexed. The analyte-enriched diethyl ether phase was transferred into a conical bottom glass test tube and located in a water bath set at the temperature of 35 °C under a laboratory hood. After the evaporation, a μL level of 1,2-dibromoethane was added to the test tube and vortexed to dissolve the analytes from the inner perimeter of the tube. One microliter of the organic phase was injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detection. Appreciable extraction recoveries (61-98%), high enrichment factors (305-490), low limits of detection (0.80-1.74 μg L-1) and quantification (2.64-5.74 μg L-1), and wide linear ranges (5.74-1000 μg L-1) were obtained at the optimum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakha Pezhhanfar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran +98 41 33340191 +98 41 33393084
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran +98 41 33340191 +98 41 33393084
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus Mersin 10 Turkey
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Yasmin F, Nazli ZIH, Shafiq N, Aslam M, Bin Jardan YA, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M. Plant-Based Bioactive Phthalates Derived from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis: As In Vitro and In Silico Enzyme Inhibition. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32677-32689. [PMID: 37720793 PMCID: PMC10500580 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is an attractive, ever-blossoming, and effortlessly available plant around the globe. The fabulous flowers of H. rosa-sinensis enjoy a significant status in folk medicine throughout the world and comprise a range of phyto constituents due to which this splendid flower owns numerous biological and pharmaceutical activities like antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antidiabetic, and antifertility activity. Considering this, column chromatographic isolation of the phytoconstituents of ethyl acetate fraction of the flowers of H. rosa-sinensis was performed. A series of five phthalates including Di-n-octyl phthalate (HR1), ditridecyl phthalate (HR2), 1-allyl 2-ethyl phthalate (HR3), diethyl phthalate (HR4), and bis (6-methylheptyl) phthalate (HR5) were isolated. The structures of the isolated phthalates were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. In silico and in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant potential and DFT studies of isolated phthalates were carried out. In our study, isolated ligands were explored as potent antidiabetic as well as antioxidant agents as they exhibited good binding affinity (in in vitro and in silico experiments) against all selected protein targets. Compounds HR1-HR5 showed that the binding affinity value ranged from -5.9 to -5.2 kcal/mol, -5.5 to -4.3 kcal/mol, and -5.0 to -4.1 kcal/mol for target proteins 1HNY, 2I3Y, and 5O40, respectively. Among all isolated phthalates, HR5 can be a lead compound as it showed the best binding affinity with human pancreatic α-amylase (ΔG = -5.9 kcal/mol) and displayed a minimum inhibition concentration (IC50) of 11.69 μM among all phthalates. Compound HR1 was the best docked and scored compound for inhibiting glutathione peroxidase; however, HR2 possessed the lowest binding score of -5.0 kcal/mol, thus indicating the highest potential among isolated phthalates for inhibiting the superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, the top-ranked docked ligand-protein complex for each protein was assessed for stability of protein and complex mobility by molecular dynamics simulation using the IMOD server.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Yasmin
- Synthetic
and Natural Products Discovery (SNPD) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zill-i-Huma Nazli
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Synthetic
and Natural Products Discovery (SNPD) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Aslam
- Green
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, P.O. Box, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department
of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City G1 V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
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6
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Bhogal S, Grover A, Mohiuddin I. A Review of the Analysis of Phthalates by Gas Chromatography in Aqueous and Food Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37647342 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2250876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
As a commonly well-known industrial chemical, phthalates are produced in high volumes to be used in various consumer products (e.g., plasticizers, medical devices, construction materials, and toys) to enhance softness, durability, transparency, and flexibility. Phthalates are generally not chemically bonded to the polymer chain of the plastic in which they are mixed. Thus, they may leach, migrate, or evaporate into indoor/outdoor air, and foodstuffs. In this review, a comprehensive overview of several sample preparation methods coupled with gas chromatography for the analysis of phthalates in various kinds of complex matrices, with a focus on the last 20 years' worth of papers. The review begins by highlighting the environmental significance of phthalate pollution along with the various routes to their exposure to general population. Then, the discussion is extended to cover the pretreatment and extraction techniques for phthalates for their quantitation based on gas chromatographic approach. Finally, the present and future challenges for the detection of phthalates in aqueous and food matrices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Bhogal
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Aman Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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7
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Jang M, Lee M, Yang H, Lee H, Park SB, Jeon H, Hwang SY, Kim HJ, Oh DX, Park J. Method to analyze phthalate esters from soft toys dissolving into water mimicking infant playing. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138695. [PMID: 37080474 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Along with bisphenol-A (BPA), conventional phthalate esters (PAEs) have been reported as environmental hormones, despite their functional usefulness as plasticizers. Nevertheless, they are frequently found in various products, including children's utensils and toys made of poly (vinyl chloride). This is tremendously important because PAEs are harmful to infants. In addition, gel/slime-type toys made of poly (vinyl alcohol) are currently popular for developing infant' tactile senses. In this study, we developed a method to qualitatively and quantitatively detect PAEs in gel/slime-type toys mimicking, infants playing with them in a bathtub. As a result, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH), one of the PAE alternatives, transferred into the water from the toys and was detected most commonly (108-719 μg g-1; 0.01-0.07 wt%) among PAEs. The detected DINCH levels were below the universally accepted levels for PAEs (0.1 wt%). However, the amount of DINCH detected could still be toxic, in accordance with toxicity tests using water fleas. Furthermore, unpleasant odors were emitted when the toys containing toxic volatile organic compounds were unpacked. This is the first study to develop a method to analyze PAE in gel/slime-type toys and determine that alternatives to conventional PAEs cannot be unconditionally regarded as safe chemicals. Therefore, the revised standards for regulating PAEs and their alternatives must be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Yang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Huichan Lee
- Core Research Facilities, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Wu W, Ba M, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao N, Liu Y, Wang X, Cai Z, Sun T. The Preparation of Novel Amino Acid Imidazole Ionic Liquids and Their Application as Stationary Phase for Capillary Gas Chromatographic Separations. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P.R. China
| | - Mengyi Ba
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream School of Petrochemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Liaoyang 111003 P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream School of Petrochemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Liaoyang 111003 P.R. China
| | - Huike Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P.R. China
| | - Niu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P.R. China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream School of Petrochemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Liaoyang 111003 P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heterocyclic Compounds Handan University Handan 056005 P.R. China
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9
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Huang M, Zeng Y, Luo K, Lan B, Luo J, Zeng L, Kang Y. Inhalation bioacessibility and lung cell penetration of indoor PM 2.5-bound PAEs and its implication in risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121216. [PMID: 36746290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the human exposure of phthalate esters (PAEs) in PM2.5 via inhalation route, however, inhalation bioaccessibility and the lung cell penetration of PAEs were barely considered in risk assessment. In the present study, PM2.5 samples collected from indoor environments were investigated for inhalation bioaccessibility of PAEs using two simulated lung fluids (gamble's solution (GMB) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF)). The results showed that the inhalation bioaccessibility of PAEs (except for diethyl phthalate) under healthy state (GMB: 8.9%-62.8%) was lower than that under the inflammatory condition (ALF: 14.5%-67.6%). Lung cell permeation and metabolism of three selected PAEs (diethyl phthalate, di(n-butyl)phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) was tested using equivalent lung cell (A549) model. The inhalation bioavailability obtained by combination of the bioaccessibility of PAEs in indoor PM2.5 and permeability data of A549 cell ranged from 11.7% to 51.1% in health condition, and 13.5%-55.0% in inflammatory state. The calibration parameter (Fc) based on the inhalation bioavailability was established in present study and could provide a reference for a more accurate risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantuo Huang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuqi Zeng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kesong Luo
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingyan Lan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiwen Luo
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lixuan Zeng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Kang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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10
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Tumu K, Vorst K, Curtzwiler G. Endocrine modulating chemicals in food packaging: A review of phthalates and bisphenols. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1337-1359. [PMID: 36789797 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenol chemicals have been widely used globally in packaging materials and consumer products for several decades. These highly functional chemicals have become a concern due to their toxicity (i.e., endocrine/hormone modulators) and ability to migrate from food contact materials (FCMs) into food matrices and the environment resulting in human and environmental health risks. FCMs, composed of postconsumer materials, are particularly high risk for containing these compounds. The evaluation of postconsumer recycled feedstocks in FCMs is compulsory and selection of an appropriate detection method to comply with applicable regulations is necessary to evaluate human and environmental safety. Numerous regulations have been proposed and passed globally for both compound classes that are recognized as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the European Union. Several brand owners and retailers have also released their own "restricted substance lists" due to the mounting consumer and regulatory concerns. This review article has two goals: (1) discuss the utilization, toxicology, human exposure routes, and occurrence levels of phthalates and bisphenols in FCMs and associated legislation in various countries and (2) discuss critical understanding and updates for detection/quantification techniques. Current techniques discussed include extraction and sample preparation methods (solid-phase microextraction [SPME], headspace SPME, Soxhlet procedure, ultrasound-assisted extraction), chromatographic techniques (gas, liquid, detectors), and environmental/blank considerations for quantification. This review complements a previous review of phthalates in foods from 2009 by discussing phthalate and bisphenol characteristics, analytical methods of determining concentrations in packaging materials, and their influence on the migration potential into food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairun Tumu
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Keith Vorst
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Greg Curtzwiler
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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11
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Alshehri MM, Ouladsmane MA, Aouak TA, ALOthman ZA, Badjah Hadj Ahmed AY. Determination of phthalates in bottled waters using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135214. [PMID: 35671816 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are synthetic chemicals widely used, mainly as plasticizers, which are ubiquitous and recognized as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. For investigation of phthalate residues leached from PET bottles into drinking water, a simple and sensitive method was developed, validated and applied to a series of real samples. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was used in direct immersion mode for concentration of phthalate traces from 10 mL of each water sample. Four commercially available SPME fibers were tested and compared, while six dialkyl phthalates were investigated: dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisopropyl phthalate (DiPP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). The extracted phthalic acid esters were separated and quantified by gas chromatography hyphenated with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and a detection method based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was fully developed, optimized and validated. The fiber which showed the highest ability for extraction of phthalates was DVB/CAR/PDMS which combines a liquid polymeric coating (polydimethyl siloxane and divinylbenzene) with a carboxen porous sorbent layer. The obtained limit of detection was in the range between 0.3 and 2.6 ng mL-1. Thus, this fiber was used for extraction of phthalates from twelve commercial PET bottled water samples. All investigated water brands showed the presence of two to six phthalates at concentrations between 6.3 and 112.2 ng mL-1. The highest level was observed for DnBP, followed by DEHP, DiBP, DMP, DEP and DiPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mousa Alshehri
- King Saud University, College of Science, Chemistry Department, Advanced Materials Research Chair, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Ali Ouladsmane
- King Saud University, College of Science, Chemistry Department, Advanced Materials Research Chair, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taieb Ali Aouak
- King Saud University, College of Science, Chemistry Department, Advanced Materials Research Chair, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid Abdullah ALOthman
- King Saud University, College of Science, Chemistry Department, Advanced Materials Research Chair, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Yacine Badjah Hadj Ahmed
- King Saud University, College of Science, Chemistry Department, Advanced Materials Research Chair, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Gurudatt NG, Lee K, Heo W, Jung HI. Simple ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of the DBP plasticizer for the risk assessment of South Korean river waters. Analyst 2022; 147:3525-3533. [PMID: 35789346 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4069170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of contaminants for the purpose of sensitive and quantitative monitoring of environmental hazards is an essential first step in realizing the avoidance of human health risks. In this regard, we present a fast and simple electrochemical method of detecting di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) from river water samples using a phthalic acid group specific aptamer modified on a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) functionalized graphene oxide nano-platelet (GO) and ionic liquid (IL) nanocomposite. Here, the IL/GO nanocomposite allows an enhanced interaction with phthalate esters, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the sensor surface. The proposed sensor showed a wide linear dynamic range from 0.14 pg mL-1 to 0.35 ng mL-1 and from 0.35 ng mL-1 to 7 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of ≤0.042 pg mL-1, which were evaluated using standard, analytical grade DBP; the limit of quantification was determined using different concentrations of DBP in DI water in comparison with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) values. The proposed sensor was used to monitor the DBP concentrations in river water samples collected from various locations across South Korea. The quantitative data from the measurements in comparison with standard GC/MS values were then used to ascertain the human health risk posed by the daily consumption of these river waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Gurudatt
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyungyeon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Woong Heo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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13
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Evaluation of Retention Range of Extractables Under Linear Gradient Conditions for Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Considerations and Requirements in Extractables Analytical Methods for Chemical Characterization of Medical Devices. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Methodology for Determining Phthalate Residues by Ultrasound–Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and GC-IT/MS in Hot Drink Samples by Vending Machines. ANALYTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica3020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a simple, fast, and effective methodology has been developed for the detection and quantification of seven phthalates potentially released in hot drinks from disposable containers used in vending machines. The authors determined the optimal conditions to be applied during the various steps of extraction of seven phthalates (DMP, DEP, DBP, DiBP, DEHP, DNOP, and DDP) from hot beverages using a model solution. The extraction and preconcentration technique used was ultrasound–vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UVA-DLLME) followed by gas chromatographic analysis obtaining recoveries from 66.7% to 101.2% with precision and reproducibility <6.3% and <11.1%, respectively. The influence of waiting time, from the dispensing of the drink to its actual consumption, for the extraction of molecules was investigated, obtaining a temporal release profile slightly shifted towards the PAEs with higher molecular weight and vice versa for those with low molecular weight. In addition, the best instrumental parameters to be applied during the analysis of the extracts obtained were established. This optimization was carried out using GC-FID, whereas the analysis of real samples was carried out by means of GC-IT/MS for ultra-trace analysis purposes; limits of detection (LODs) ranging between 0.8 ng mL−1 and 15.4 ng mL−1 and limits of quantification (LOQs) from 1.6 ng mL−1 to 35.8 ng mL−1, both of them lower than those found by FID, were obtained.
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15
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Gu YX, Yan TC, Yue ZX, Liu FM, Cao J, Ye LH. Recent developments and applications in the microextraction and separation technology of harmful substances in a complex matrix. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Shajarat F, Ghanemi K, Alimoradi M, Ramezani M. Nanostructured composite of polydopamine/diatomite–based biosilica to enhance the extraction of phthalate esters from aqueous samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Khesina ZB, Karnaeva AE, Buryak AK. Approaches to the Sample Preparation of Food Emulsions for Their Efficient Separation and Precipitation of Nonvolatile Polymer Components. COLLOID JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x21060181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Gurudatt NG, Lee K, Heo W, Jung HI. Simple ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of the DBP plasticizer for the risk assessment of South Korean river waters. Analyst 2022; 147:3525-3533. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00809b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a simple electrochemical strategy for the ultrasensitive quantitative analysis of DBP plasticizer in water. The proposed aptasensor is comparable to GC-MS in sensitivity and it was applied to monitor the river waters contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. G. Gurudatt
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungyeon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong Heo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Tang Z, Gong Z, Jia W, Shen W, Han Q, Fang F, Peng C. Occurrence and exposure risk assessment of phthalate esters in edible plant oils with a high-frequency import rate in west China. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7383-7390. [PMID: 35424693 PMCID: PMC8982168 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment with toxicological and epidemiological effects for humans. As one of the daily necessities, edible plant oil is an important exposure source of PAEs, due to the inevitable contact with PAE-containing materials and the intrinsic lipid solubility of PAEs. However, limited information is currently available on the exposure risk of PAEs in commercial plant oil. This study was aimed at investigating the occurrence and risk assessment of PAEs in plant oils with a high-frequency import rate in west China. The analysis method was referenced to the Chinese national standard for the determination of PAEs in food. Results indicated that PAEs (mainly including DBP and DEHP) were ubiquitous contaminants in imported plant oils with the detectable rate being up to 56.83% in 366 samples. The detected concentrations were in the range of 0.10–3.20 mg kg−1 (median 0.28 mg kg−1) for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and 0.25–1.95 mg kg−1 (median 0.44 mg kg−1) for bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Based on an integrated probabilistic analysis method, the values of non-carcinogenic risk were lower than 1 in all cases, indicating that there would be an unlikely incremental non-carcinogenic risk to humans. Generally, the carcinogenic risk of DEHP was lower than the upper acceptable carcinogenic risk level (<10−4), while 50.40% of the carcinogenic risk exceeded the lower acceptable carcinogenic risk level (>10−6). Besides, diverse health risks were obviously shown and discussed for different categories of plant oils. The obtained results in this study could provide valuable information to understand the contamination status and health risk of PAEs in plant oil and improve the relative supervision and regulation. And the proposed strategy suggests a potential application for health risk assessment of other contaminants in food or even environments. A strategy was proposed for the occurrence and exposure risk assessment of phthalate esters in edible plant oils, which revealed the diverse health risks for different categories of plant oils.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguo Gong
- Urumqi Customs District P. R. China, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxuan Shen
- Urumqi Customs District P. R. China, Urumqi, China
| | - Qingrong Han
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Urumqi Customs District P. R. China, Urumqi, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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20
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A novel enrichment and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of 15 phthalate esters in milk powder samples. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Pezhhanfar S, Farajzadeh MA, Hosseini-Yazdi SA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. An MOF-based dispersive micro solid phase extraction prior to dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for analyzing plasticizers. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Yu Y, Qi Y, Li C, Cao W, Chen J, Qu R, Zhou D, Wang Z. Ferrate (VI)-mediated transformation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) in soil: Kinetics, degradation mechanisms and theoretical calculation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118053. [PMID: 34455297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diethyl phthalate (DEP), as a kind of universally used plasticizer, has aroused considerable public concern owing to its wide detection, environmental stability, and potential health risks. In this work, the highly efficient removal of DEP by ferrate (VI) (Fe(VI)) was systematically explored in soil environment. The effects of the oxidant dosages, soil types, as well as the presence of coexisting cations and anions in tested soil on DEP removal were evaluated. When the dosage of Fe(VI) was 20 mM, complete removal of DEP (50 μg/g) was achieved in the tested soil after 2 min of reaction. Furthermore, the removal rate of DEP was closely related to the soil types, and the degradation rates were decreased obviously in red soil (RS), black soil (BS) and paddy soil (PS), probably due to the acidic condition and high content of organic matters. Moreover, the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ in soil can inhibit the removal of DEP by Fe(VI), while SO42- has an slightly promotion effect. Six oxidation intermediates were detected in the reaction process of DEP, product analysis revealed that the transformation of DEP was mainly through two pathways, including hydrolysis and hydroxylation reactions, which were probably mediated by oxygen atom transfer process of Fe(VI). Based on the frontier electron density theory calculation, two ester groups of DEP were prone to be attacked by Fe(VI), and the hydroxyl addition tended to occur at the para-position of one of the ester groups on the benzene ring. This study provides a novel approach for phthalate esters removal from soil using Fe(VI) oxidation and shows new insights into the oxidation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yumeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chenguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Wanming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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23
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Comparison of Two Extraction Procedures, SPE and DLLME, for Determining Plasticizer Residues in Hot Drinks at Vending Machines. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper would like to compare two extraction procedures for analyzing phthalates (PAEs) in hot drinks collected at vending machines, usually coffee and tea. The two analytical procedures are based on Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) using C18 cartridge and on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) assisted by ultrasound and vortex for improving the dispersion mechanically, with each followed by a routinary analytical method such as GC-FID. Seven phthalates (DMP, DEP, DiBP, DBP, DEHP, DOP, DDP) have been analyzed and determined. All the analytical parameters (i.e., recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantification, enrichment factors, repeatability, reproducibility) have been investigated and discussed, as has the matrix effect. The entire procedure has been applied to hot drink matrices, e.g., coffee, decaffeinated coffee, barley coffee, ginseng coffee and tea.
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24
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Bioaccessibility study and simultaneous quantification of endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A and phthalates) in utensils and toys for infants using HPLC–UV. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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de Anda-Flores YB, Cordón-Cardona BA, González-León A, Valenzuela-Quintanar AI, Peralta E, Soto-Valdez H. Effect of assay conditions on the migration of phthalates from polyvinyl chloride cling films used for food packaging in México. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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An overview of graphene-based nanoadsorbent materials for environmental contaminants detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Khan MS, Aziz S, Khan MZ, Khalid ZM, Riaz M, Ahmed D, Ali I, Arif N, Wang D, Ahmad MS, Zahid N. Antihyperglycemic effect and phytochemical investigation of Rubia cordifolia (Indian Madder) leaves extract. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Medicinal plants are used as an important source of medicines in pharmaceutical industry. Rubia cordifolia is widely used to cure diabetes mellitus. Present study was aimed to investigate the antihyperglycemic effects of different fractions of R. cordifolia leaves and to analyze its antioxidant effect and phytochemical composition. Male albino mice were randomly distributed into seven groups (n = 7). Group-I was normal control, group-II was Alloxan (100 mg/kg)-induced diabetic control, and group-III was standard drug (Glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg)-treated group. Animals in groups IV–VII were treated with n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction of R. cordifolia, orally administered (100 mg/kg) once daily up to 28 days after Alloxan induction, respectively. Methanolic extract (ME) and fractions of R. cordifilia were analyzed for antioxidant activity and quantification of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. HPLC of ME and most active fractions were performed. The results showed that RCEF (G-V) and RCBF (G-VI) have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the increased level of glucose as compared to toxicant control group. It was further revealed that EF and BF have higher antioxidant activity (having IC50 34.9, 36.86 (µg/mL)) owing to phenolic and flavonoid identified by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Shahid Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) , Mirpur , AJ&K , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zakryya Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Zafar Mahmood Khalid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Dawood Ahmed
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur , Haripur , Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University , Gilgit Baltastan (GB) , Pakistan
| | - Nazia Arif
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir , Muzaffarabad , AJ&K , Pakistan
| | - Deiji Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Department of Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Quilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan , Shandong 250014 , China
| | - Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad
- Department of National Center of Industrial Biotechnology (NCIB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi , Murree Road , Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Zahid
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) , Mirpur 10250 , Azad Kashmir , Pakistan
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28
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Singla M, Sit N. Application of ultrasound in combination with other technologies in food processing: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105506. [PMID: 33714087 PMCID: PMC7960546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of non-thermal processing technologies has been on the surge due to ever increasing demand for highest quality convenient foods containing the natural taste & flavor and being free of chemical additives and preservatives. Among the various non-thermal processing methods, ultrasound technology has proven to be very valuable. Ultrasound processing, being used alone or in combination with other processing methods, yields significant positive results on the quality of foods, thus has been considered efficacious. Food processes performed under the action of ultrasound are believed to be affected in part by cavitation phenomenon and mass transfer enhancement. It is considered to be an emerging and promising technology and has been applied efficiently in food processing industry for several processes such as freezing, filtration, drying, separation, emulsion, sterilization, and extraction. Various researches have opined that ultrasound leads to an increase in the performance of the process and improves the quality factors of the food. The present paper will discuss the mechanical, chemical and biochemical effects produced by the propagation of high intensity ultrasonic waves through the medium. This review outlines the current knowledge about application of ultrasound in food technology including processing, preservation and extraction. In addition, the several advantages of ultrasound processing, which when combined with other different technologies (such as microwave, supercritical CO2, high pressure processing, enzymatic extraction, etc.) are being examined. These include an array of effects such as effective mixing, retention of food characteristics, faster energy and mass transfer, reduced thermal and concentration gradients, effective extraction, increased production, and efficient alternative to conventional techniques. Furthermore, the paper presents the necessary theoretical background and details of the technology, technique, and safety precautions about ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Singla
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Nandan Sit
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India.
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29
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Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Samples and Inorganic Elements Levels in Ores for Characterizing a High Anthropogenic Polluted Area in the Northern Latium Region (Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041628. [PMID: 33567749 PMCID: PMC7915735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows a characterization of the organic and inorganic fraction of river waters (Tiber and Marta) and ores/soil samples collected in the Northern Latium region of Italy for evaluating the anthropogenic/natural source contribution to the environmental pollution of this area. For organic compounds, organochloride volatile compounds in Tiber and Marta rivers were analyzed by two different clean-up methods (i.e., liquid–liquid extraction and static headspace) followed by gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC-ECD) analysis. The results show very high concentrations of bromoform (up to 1.82 and 3.2 µg L−1 in Tiber and Marta rivers, respectively), due to the presence of greenhouse crops, and of chloroform and tetrachloroethene, due to the presence of handicrafts installations. For the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the inorganic fraction, it is highlighted the use of a nuclear analytical method, instrumental neutron activation analysis, which allows having more information as possible from the sample without performing any chemical-physical pretreatment. The results have evidenced high levels of mercury (mean value 88.6 µg g−1), antimony (77.7 µg g−1), strontium (12,039 µg g−1) and zinc (103 µg g−1), whereas rare earth elements show levels similar to the literature data. Particular consideration is drawn for arsenic (414 µg g−1): the levels found in this paper (ranging between 1 and 5100 µg g−1) explain the high content of such element (as arsenates) in the aquifer, a big issue in this area.
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30
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Pezhhanfar S, Farajzadeh MA, Hosseini-Yazdi SA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Application of an MOF-based dispersive micro solid phase extraction method followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for plasticizers’ detection and determination. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03235f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this research, MIL-68 (Al) was synthesized and used for the extraction of some plasticizers from various samples stored in plastic bottles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakha Pezhhanfar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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31
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Ong HT, Samsudin H, Soto-Valdez H. Migration of endocrine-disrupting chemicals into food from plastic packaging materials: an overview of chemical risk assessment, techniques to monitor migration, and international regulations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:957-979. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1830747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hooi-Theng Ong
- Seberang Perai Selatan District Health Office, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hayati Samsudin
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Herlinda Soto-Valdez
- Laboratorio de Envases, Centro de Investigaciόn en Alimentaciόn y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo Sonora, Mexico
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Giuliani A, Zuccarini M, Cichelli A, Khan H, Reale M. Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5655. [PMID: 32764471 PMCID: PMC7460375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are a huge class of chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial uses, from the manufacture of plastics to food contact applications, children's toys, and medical devices. People and animals can be exposed through different routes (i.e., ingestion, inhalation, dermal, or iatrogenic exposure), as these compounds can be easily released from plastics to water, food, soil, air, making them ubiquitous environmental contaminants. In the last decades, phthalates and their metabolites have proven to be of concern, particularly in products for pregnant women or children. Moreover, many authors reported high concentrations of phthalates in soft drinks, mineral waters, wine, oil, ready-to-eat meals, and other products, as a possible consequence of their accumulation along the food production chain and their accidental release from packaging materials. However, due to their different physical and chemical properties, phthalates do not have the same human and environmental impacts and their association to several human diseases is still under debate. In this review we provide an overview of phthalate toxicity, pointing out the health and legal issues related to their occurrence in several types of food and beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Giuliani
- "G.d'Annunzio" School of Advanced Studies, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversity Center on Interactions between Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems, National Research Council-Institute for Electromagnetic Detection of The Environment, (ICEMB-CNR-IREA), 80124 Naples, Italy
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Analytical Scheme for Simultaneous Determination of Phthalates and Bisphenol A in Honey Samples Based on Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by GC-IT/MS. Effect of the Thermal Stress on PAE/BP-A Levels. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:mps3010023. [PMID: 32213842 PMCID: PMC7189663 DOI: 10.3390/mps3010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an analytical protocol was developed for the simultaneous determination of phthalates (di-methyl phthalate DMP, di-ethyl phthalate DEP, di-isobutyl phthalate DiBP, di-n-butyl phthalate DBP, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP, di-n-octyl phthalate DNOP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The extraction technique used was the ultrasound vortex assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UVA-DLLME). The method involves analyte extraction using 75 µL of benzene and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography combined with ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS). The method is sensitive, reliable, and reproducible with a limit of detection (LOD) below 13 ng g−1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) below 22 ng g−1 and the intra- and inter-day errors below 7.2 and 9.3, respectively. The method developed and validated was applied to six honey samples (i.e., four single-use commercial ones and two home-made ones. Some phthalates were found in the samples at concentrations below the specific migration limits (SMLs). Furthermore, the commercial samples were subjected to two different thermal stresses (24 h and 48 h at 40 °C) for evidence of the release of plastic from the containers. An increase in the phthalate concentrations was observed, especially during the first phase of the shock, but the levels were still within the limits of the regulations.
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Notardonato I, Passarella S, Ianiri G, Di Fiore C, Russo MV, Avino P. Analytical Method Development and Chemometric Approach for Evidencing Presence of Plasticizer Residues in Nectar Honey Samples. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1692. [PMID: 32150918 PMCID: PMC7084514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, anthropogenic sources have increasingly affected food quality. One of the most sensitive and nutritional matrices affected by chemical contamination is honey, due to the use of acaricides. Recently, the attention has moved to the presence of phthalates (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BP-A), molecules present in plastic materials used both in the production phase and in the conservation of honey. In this study, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of PAEs (dimethyl phthalate DMP, diethyl phthalate DEP, diisobutyl phthalate DiBP, dibutyl phthalate DBP, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP, and di-n-octyl-phthalate DnOP) and BP-A was developed. The extraction technique is the ultrasound-vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UVA-DLLME), using 150 µL of toluene as an extraction solvent, followed by the gas chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry analysis (GC-IT/MS). The developed method is sensitive, reliable, and reproducible: it shows high correlation coefficients (R > 0.999); limits of detection (LODs) less than 11 ng·g-1; limits of quantification (LOQs) less than 16 ng·g-1; repeatability below 3.6%, except BP-A (11.6%); and accuracy below 4.8%, except BP-A (17.6%). The method was applied to 47 nectar honey samples for evidencing similarities among them. The chemometric approach based on Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis evidenced some similitudes about sample origin as well as marked differences between PAE and BP-A sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy; (I.N.); (S.P.); (G.I.); (C.D.F.); (M.V.R.)
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Lacko M, Michalczuk B, Matejčík Š, Španěl P. Ion chemistry of phthalates in selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry: isomeric effects and secondary reactions with water vapour. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16345-16352. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of H3O+, O2+ and NO+ with phthalates and secondary reactions of product ions with water vapor were studied by SIFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Lacko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
| | - Bartosz Michalczuk
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- Faculty of Mathematics
- Physics and Informatics
- 84248 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Štefan Matejčík
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- Faculty of Mathematics
- Physics and Informatics
- 84248 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
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36
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Zhang Y, Yin S, Yu L, Shangguan S, Song C, Li Q, Chen K, Sun J, Li M, Hou H. Protocells self-assembled by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: Highly efficient and selective enrichment of chlorophenols in an aqueous environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:1-8. [PMID: 31163303 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, amphiphilic hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles were modified by dibutyl phosphate (DBP) via covalent bonding. The modified HAP particles (m-HAP) were employed as building blocks to construct oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsion, that displayed an excellent performance on the enrichment of organic pollutants dissolved in wastewater by extracting the organic molecules into the oil phase. Environment-friendly organic solvent hexanol was selected as oil phase and three types of monochlorophenol (2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol) were chosen as model pollutants in simulated wastewater. Two types of natural water were also tested as a proof of principle. The enrichment percentage of chlorophenols was up to 98% in 140 s, following first order kinetics. Thermodynamic study suggested that the enrichment process is spontaneous and exothermic. The external environment of the protocells, such as pH, ionic strength and the natural organic matter have been investigated. This study provides a novel, convenient and environment-friendly approach for enrichment and removal of trace organic pollutants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lingling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Saijun Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chencheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environment Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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37
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Sun T, Shuai X, Ren K, Jiang X, Chen Y, Zhao X, Song Q, Hu S, Cai Z. Amphiphilic Block Copolymer PCL-PEG-PCL as Stationary Phase for Capillary Gas Chromatographic Separations. Molecules 2019; 24:E3158. [PMID: 31480234 PMCID: PMC6749289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the first example of utilization of amphiphilic block copolymer PCL-PEG-PCL as a stationary phase for capillary gas chromatographic (GC) separations. The PCL-PEG-PCL capillary column fabricated by static coating provides a high column efficiency of 3951 plates/m for n-dodecane at 120 °C. McReynolds constants and Abraham system constants were also determined in order to evaluate the polarity and possible molecular interactions of the PCL-PEG-PCL stationary phase. Its selectivity and resolving capability were investigated by using a complex mixture covering analytes of diverse types and positional, structural, and cis-/trans-isomers. Impressively, it exhibits high resolution performance for aliphatic and aromatic isomers with diverse polarity, including those critical isomers such as butanol, dichlorobenzene, dimethylnaphthalene, xylenol, dichlorobenzaldehyde, and toluidine. Moreover, it was applied for the determination of isomer impurities in real samples, suggesting its potential for practical use. The superior separation performance demonstrates the potential of PCL-PEG-PCL and related block copolymers as stationary phases in GC and other separation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China.
| | - Xiaomin Shuai
- Liaoning Province Engineering Research Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China
| | - Kaixin Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Shaoqiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Liaoning Province Engineering Research Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China.
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38
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Phthalates and Bisphenol-A Determination and Release from Different Beverage Plastic Containers by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and GC-IT/MS Analysis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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39
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A Method Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Phthalates and Bisphenol A Released from Plastic Water Containers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9142945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates (or phthalate esters, PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) are widely used in various industries, particularly in the fields of cosmetics and packaging, and they increase the malleability and workability of materials. As a result of their use, some international health organizations have begun to study them. In this study, the authors developed a methodology for the simultaneous determination of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP); dibutyl phthalate (DBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); di-n-octyl-phthalate (DnOP) and bisphenol A (BPA) from drinking and non-potable waters. The extraction of PAEs and BPA was performed using a solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SB-DLLME) method. The analytical determination was performed using a gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) analysis. The entire procedure was validated as recoveries were studied according to the volume and the extraction solvent used, pH, and ionic strength. Dynamic linearity ranges and linear equations of all the compounds were experimentally determined as well as the limit of detection (LOD) (1–8 ng mL−1) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) (5–14 ng mL−1), reproducibility, and sensitivity. The method was applied to 15 water samples (mineral water and tap water) for determining PAEs and BPA released from the plastic container. After the release simulation, four PAEs (i.e., DiBP, DBP, DHEP, and DnOP) were determined at very low concentrations (below 1.2 ng mL−1) in two water samples from (sport) bottles.
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40
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Köseoğlu Yılmaz P. Optimization of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Solid-Phase Extraction of Phthalates in Pharmaceutical Preparations. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.526124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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41
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Shen Q, Tao W, Guo Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Zheng EM, Chen Z, Chen K. Quantitative structure-retention relationships of the chromatographic retentions of phthalic acid ester contaminants in foods. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2771-2778. [PMID: 31216092 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The harmful health effects caused by phthalic acid esters have been supported from the increasing scientific evidence, developing the efficient methodologies to monitor the levels of phthalic acid esters in various foods become especially important from the aspects of human exposure assessment and their migration mechanistic understanding. In this study, quantitative structure-retention relationship studies on both the gas and liquid chromatographic retention times of 23 phthalic acid esters were performed by genetic function approximation, and the optimal quantitative structure-retention relationship models (r2 > 0.980, r2 CV > 0.960, and r2 pred > 0.865) passed the statistical tests of cross-validation, randomization, external prediction, Roy' rm 2 metrics, Golbraikh-Tropsha' criteria and applicability domain. The established predictive models elucidate the structural requirements for the retention of phthalic acid esters over different chromatographic columns, which were finally used to predict the retention times of 11 new phthalic acid esters. Hopefully, this work could provide useful guidelines for better understanding and accurate prediction of the retention behavior of undetermined phthalic acid esters when lacking standard samples or under poor experimental conditions, and make the simultaneous identification and quantification of numerous phthalic acid esters possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Tao
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Guo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Shijia Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Tai zhou Institute of Testing for Quality Technical Supervision, Taizhou, P. R. China
| | - Er Mei Zheng
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxiu Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Kexian Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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González-Sálamo J, González-Curbelo MÁ, Hernández-Borges J, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Use of Basolite® F300 metal-organic framework for the dispersive solid-phase extraction of phthalic acid esters from water samples prior to LC-MS determination. Talanta 2019; 195:236-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Sun T, Jiang X, Song Q, Shuai X, Chen Y, Zhao X, Cai Z, Li K, Qiao X, Hu S. Star-poly(ε-caprolactone) as the stationary phase for capillary gas chromatographic separation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28783-28792. [PMID: 35529637 PMCID: PMC9071194 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the separation performance of star-poly(ε-caprolactone) (star-PCL) as the stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography (GC). The statically coated star-PCL column showed a column efficiency of 3345 plates per m and moderate polarity. Importantly, the star-PCL column exhibited high selectivity and resolving capability for more than a dozen mixtures covering a wide-ranging variety of analytes and isomers. Among them, the star-PCL column displayed advantageous resolving capability over the commercial DB-1701 column for aromatic amine isomers such as toluidine, chloroaniline and bromoaniline. Moreover, it was applied for the determination of isomer impurities in real samples, showing good potential in GC applications. This work presents the separation performance of star-poly(ε-caprolactone) (star-PCL) as the stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography (GC).![]()
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Sun T, Shuai X, Bin L, Ren K, Jiang X, Chen H, Hu S, Cai Z. p-Nitro-tetradecyloxy-calix[4]arene as a highly selective stationary phase for gas chromatographic separations. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03813b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the first example of the utilization of p-nitro-tetradecyloxy-calix[4]arene (C4A-NO2) as a stationary phase for capillary gas chromatographic (GC) separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471934
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Shuai
- Liaoning Province Engineering Research Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Shenyang University of Technology
- Liaoyang
- P. R. China
| | - Li Bin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heterocyclic Compounds
- Handan University
- Handan 056005
- P. R. China
| | - Kaixin Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471934
- P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471934
- P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471934
- P. R. China
| | - Shaoqiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471934
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Liaoning Province Engineering Research Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Shenyang University of Technology
- Liaoyang
- P. R. China
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45
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Tran-Lam TT, Dao YH, Nguyen DT, Ma HK, Pham TQ, Le GT. Optimization of Sample Preparation for Detection of 10 Phthalates in Non-Alcoholic Beverages in Northern Vietnam. TOXICS 2018; 6:toxics6040069. [PMID: 30463241 PMCID: PMC6316763 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel method was developed for the sensitive, cheap and fast quantitation of 10 phthalates in non-alcoholic beverages by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) combined with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The best results were obtained when n-hexane was used as extraction solvent. A central composite design (CCD) was applied to select the most appreciated operating condition. The method performance was evaluated according to the SANTE/11945/2015 guidelines and was linear in the 0.1 to 200 µg/L range for 10 phthalate compounds, with r2 > 0.996 and individual residuals <15%. Repeatability (RSDr), within-laboratory reproducibility (RSDwr), and the trueness range were from 2.7 to 9.1%, from 3.4 to 14.3% and from 91.5 to 118.1%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was between 0.5 to 1.0 ng/L and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was between 1.5 to 3.0 ng/L for all 10 compounds. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of non-alcoholic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Thien Tran-Lam
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Yen Hai Dao
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Duong Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Hoi Kim Ma
- University of Science, Vietnam National University HCMC, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 720400, Vietnam.
| | - Trung Quoc Pham
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Giang Truong Le
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
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Phthalates and bisphenol-A residues in water samples: an innovative analytical approach. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gallo M, Ferrara L, Naviglio D. Application of Ultrasound in Food Science and Technology: A Perspective. Foods 2018; 7:foods7100164. [PMID: 30287795 PMCID: PMC6210518 DOI: 10.3390/foods7100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is composed of mechanical sound waves that originate from molecular movements that oscillate in a propagation medium. The waves have a very high frequency, equal to approximately 20 kHz, are divided into two categories (i.e., low-intensity and high-intensity waves) and cannot be perceived by the human ear. Nature has created the first ultrasound applications. Bats use ultrasound to navigate in the dark, and many cetaceans use echolocation to detect prey or obstacles using ultrasound produced by their vocal system. Ultrasound is commonly associated with the biomedical field. Today, ultrasound-based methods and equipment are available to detect organs, motion, tumour masses, and pre/post-natal handicaps, and for kidney stone removal, physiotherapy, and aesthetic cures. However, ultrasound has found multiple applications in many other fields as well. In particular, ultrasound has recently been used in the food industry to develop various effective and reliable food processing applications. Therefore, this review summarizes the major applications of ultrasound in the food industry. The most common applications in the food industry include cell destruction and extraction of intracellular material. Depending on its intensity, ultrasound is used for the activation or deactivation of enzymes, mixing and homogenization, emulsification, dispersion, preservation, stabilization, dissolution and crystallization, hydrogenation, tenderization of meat, ripening, ageing and oxidation, and as an adjuvant for solid-liquid extraction for maceration to accelerate and to improve the extraction of active ingredients from different matrices, as well as the degassing and atomization of food preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Lydia Ferrara
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniele Naviglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Analytical Method Validation for Determining Organophosphorus Pesticides in Baby Foods by a Modified Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method and Gas Chromatography–Ion Trap/Mass Spectrometry Analysis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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DiScenza DJ, Smith MA, Intravaia LE, Levine M. Efficient Detection of Phthalate Esters in Human Saliva via Fluorescence Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1471086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana J. DiScenza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Melissa A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | | | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Lacko M, Papp P, Matejčík Š. Dissociation of dicyclohexyl phthalate molecule induced by low-energy electron impact. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:214305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5026406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Lacko
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Papp
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Matejčík
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
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