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Yuan S, Gao P, Wu S, Liang X, Xiao Y, Tu P, Jiang Y. Rapid and comprehensive metabolites identification of 5-demethylnobiletin in rats using UPLC/Triple-TOF-MS/MS based on multiple mass defect filter and their neuroprotection against ferroptosis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115842. [PMID: 37939548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
5-Demethylnobiletin (5-deNOB) is a hydroxylated polymethoxyflavone (PMF) from Citrus plants known for its neurotrophic, anti-tumor, and antioxidant bioactivities. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Triple-TOF-MS/MS) analysis combining with multiple mass defect filter (MMDF) and MetabolitePilot™ was employed to detect and characterize the metabolites of 5-deNOB in rats. A total of 130 metabolites were identified in rats, with 100, 25, 34, and 52 metabolites found in urine, plasma, bile, and feces, respectively. The major metabolic pathways involved demethylation, hydroxylation, dehydroxylation, glucuronidation, and methylation. In a bioassay of evaluating neuroprotection against ferroptosis in PC12 cells, most of the metabolites exhibited superior activity compared to 5-deNOB. These results provide valuable insights into the in vivo pharmacodynamic properties of 5-deNOB and offer potential active small molecules for neuroprotective therapy. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the effectiveness of UPLC/Triple-TOF-MS/MS combined with MMDF and MetabolitePilot™ for rapid discovery and identification of the in vivo metabolites of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Tian J, Zhao W, Wu Y, Shi Y, Yu J, Zhang W, Xing C, Zhuang C, Qu Z. Diallyl Disulfide Blocks Cigarette Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-Induced Lung Tumorigenesis via Activation of the Nrf2 Antioxidant System and Suppression of NF-κB Inflammatory Response. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17763-17774. [PMID: 37956253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention is a potential strategy to reduce lung cancer incidence and death. Recently, we reported that garlic oil significantly inhibits 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a bioactive ingredient in garlic. Our goal was to examine the chemopreventive effectiveness and mechanism of DADS on NNK-triggered lung cancer in vivo and in vitro in the current investigation. The results indicated that DADS significantly reduced the number of lung nodules in the NNK-induced A/J mice. Consistent with the in vivo results, DADS markedly inhibited NNK-induced decrease of MRC-5 cells' viability. Mechanistically, DADS could promote Nrf2 dissociated from the Keap1-Nrf2 complex and accelerate Nrf2 nuclear translocation, which in turn upregulates its downstream target genes. Besides, DADS further inhibited the NF-κB signaling cascade, thus reducing the accumulation of inflammatory factors. Collectively, these discoveries supported the potential of DADS as a novel candidate for the chemoprevention of tobacco-carcinogen-induced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yanran Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Ying Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhuo Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhang L, Chen X, Yang G, Zhan J, Li S, He F, Fan G. Mesoporous silica-based nanocarriers with dual response to pH and ROS for enhanced anti-inflammation therapy of 5-demethylnobiletin against psoriasis-like lesions. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123373. [PMID: 37673281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease accompanied with chronic papulosquamous lesions and multiple comorbidities that considerably affect patients' quality of life. In order to develop an enhanced therapeutic strategy for psoriasis, 5-demethylnobiletin (5-DN), a kind of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) with high anti-inflammatory activity, was delivered in vitro and in vivo by the nanocarrier of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) both in the human keratinocytes HaCaT cell line and the mouse model with psoriasis-like lesions. The drug-loaded nanocarrier system (MSNs@5-DN) significantly improved the biocompatibility and bioavailability of 5-DN. Investigations at cell biological, histopathological, and molecular levels revealed the pharmacological mechanism of the drug delivery system, including the inhibition of inflammatory responses by downregulating the proinflammatory cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The upregulation of anti‑inflammatory cytokine of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and microRNA-17-5p, a critical regulator of the PTEN/AKT pathway, was also observed. The psoriasis-like lesions were markedly ameliorated in the mouse models treated with MSNs@5-DN. The designed drug-loading system shows an enhanced therapeutic outcome for psoriasis-like lesion compared with free 5-DN. This study revealed the synergistic effect of functionalized MSNs loaded with PMFs on the clinical treatment of human psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, PR China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, PR China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, PR China
| | - Xiangping Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, PR China
| | - Guliang Yang
- National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, PR China
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, PR China; Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Feng He
- Li Shizhen College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, PR China.
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
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Li X, Zang N, Zhang N, Pang L, Lv L, Meng X, Lv X, Leng J. DNA damage resulting from human endocrine disrupting chemical exposure: Genotoxicity, detection and dietary phytochemical intervention. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139522. [PMID: 37478996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has posed an increasing threat to human health. EDCs are major risk factors in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Continuous DNA damage triggers severe pathogenic consequences, such as cancer. Beyond their effects on the endocrine system, EDCs genotoxicity is also worthy of attention, owing to the high accessibility and bioavailability of EDCs. This review investigates and summarizes nearly a decade of DNA damage studies on EDC exposure, including DNA damage mechanisms, detection methods, population marker analysis, and the application of dietary phytochemicals. The aims of this review are (1) to systematically summarize the genotoxic effects of environmental EDCs (2) to comprehensively summarize cutting-edge measurement methods, thus providing analytical solutions for studies on EDC exposure; and (3) to highlight critical data on the detoxification and repair effects of dietary phytochemicals. Dietary phytochemicals decrease genotoxicity by playing a major role in the detoxification system, and show potential therapeutic effects on human diseases caused by EDC exposure. This review may support research on environmental toxicology and alternative chemo-prevention for human EDC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Ningzi Zang
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Lijian Pang
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China
| | - Ling Lv
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Xiansheng Meng
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jiapeng Leng
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
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Dietary Phytochemicals as Potential Chemopreventive Agents against Tobacco-Induced Lung Carcinogenesis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030491. [PMID: 36771198 PMCID: PMC9920588 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. Cigarette smoking is strongly connected with lung cancer. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone (NNK) are the main carcinogens in cigarette smoking. Evidence has supported the correlation between these two carcinogens and lung cancer. Epidemiology analysis suggests that lung cancer can be effectively prevented through daily diet adjustments. This review aims to summarize the studies published in the past 20 years exploring dietary phytochemicals using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Dietary phytochemicals mainly include medicinal plants, beverages, fruits, vegetables, spices, etc. Moreover, the perspectives on the challenges and future directions of dietary phytochemicals for lung cancer chemoprevention will be provided. Taken together, treatment based on the consumption of dietary phytochemicals for lung cancer chemoprevention will produce more positive outcomes in the future and offer the possibility of reducing cancer risk in society.
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Liu Z, Cheng S, Liu XQ, Kuča K, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Almutairi KF, Abd_Allah EF, Wu QS, Zou YN. Cloning of a CHS gene of Poncirus trifoliata and its expression in response to soil water deficit and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1101212. [PMID: 36605949 PMCID: PMC9807919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely found in plants with antioxidants, of which chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme required in flavonoid synthesis pathways. The objective of this study was to clone a CHS gene from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and analyze its biological information and partial functions. A PtCHS gene (NCBI accession: MZ350874) was cloned from the genome-wide of trifoliate orange, which has 1156 bp in length, encoding 391 amino acids, with a predicted protein relative molecular mass of 42640.19, a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.28, and a lipid coefficient of 89.82. The protein is stable, hydrophilic, and high sequence conservation (92.49% sequence homology with CHS gene of other species). PtCHS was highly expressed in stems, leaves and flowers, but very low expression in roots and seeds. Soil water deficit could up-regulate expressions of PtCHS in leaves. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Funneliformis mosseae, significantly increased plant biomass production, CHS activity, expressions of PtCHS, and total flavonoid content in leaves and roots, independent of soil water status. Total flavonoids were significantly positively correlated with PtCHS expression in leaves only and also positively with root mycorrhizal colonization. Such results provide insight into the important functions of PtCHS in trifoliate orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Shen Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid F. Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Ying-Ning Zou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Ding H, You Q, Li D, Liu Y. 5-Demethylnobiletin: Insights into its pharmacological activity, mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154285. [PMID: 35809375 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Demethylnobiletin (5DN) is a polymethoxyflavone (PMF) primarily found in citrus fruits. It has various health-promoting properties and hence has attracted significant attention from scholars worldwide. PURPOSE This review is the first to systematically summarize the recent research progress of 5DN, including its pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological effects. In addition, the pharmacological mechanism of action of 5DN has been discussed from a molecular biological perspective, and data from in vivo and in vitro animal studies have been compiled to provide a more thorough understanding of 5DN as a potential lead drug. METHODS Data were extracted from SciFinder, PubMed, ScienceDirect and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from database inception to January 2022. RESULTS 5DN has broad pharmacological activities. It exerts anti-inflammatory effects, promotes apoptosis and autophagy, and induces melanogenesis mainly by regulating the JAK2/STAT3, caspase-dependent apoptosis, ROS-AKT/mTOR, MAPK and PKA-CREB signaling pathways. 5DN can be used for treating diseases such as cancer, inflammation-related diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases. To date, there have been only a few toxicological studies on 5DN, and both in vitro and in vivo on 5DN have not revealed significant toxic side effects. Pharmacokinetic studies have revealed that the metabolites of 5DN are mainly 5,3'-didemethylnobiletin (M1); 5,4'-didemethylnobiletin (M2) and 5,3',4'-tridemethylnobiletin (M3), in either, glucuronide-conjugated or monomeric form. The pharmacokinetic products of 5DN, especially M1, possess better activity than 5DN for the treatment of cancer. CONCLUSION The anticancer effects of 5DN and its metabolites warrant further investigation as potential drug candidates, especially through in vivo studies. In addition, the therapeutic effects of 5DN in neurodegenerative diseases should be examined in more experimental models, and the absorption and metabolism of 5DN should be further investigated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiang You
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Youping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Chen PY, Wang CY, Tsao EC, Chen YT, Wu MJ, Ho CT, Yen JH. 5-Demethylnobiletin Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Downregulates ID1 Expression, Modulates the NF-κB/TNF-α Pathway and Exerts Antileukemic Effects in AML Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137392. [PMID: 35806401 PMCID: PMC9266321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the dysregulation of hematopoietic cell proliferation, resulting in the accumulation of immature myeloid cells in bone marrow. 5-Demethylnobiletin (5-demethyl NOB), a citrus 5-hydroxylated polymethoxyflavone, has been reported to exhibit various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In this study, we investigated the antileukemic effects of 5-demethyl NOB and its underlying molecular mechanisms in human AML cells. We found that 5-demethyl NOB (20−80 μM) significantly reduced human leukemia cell viability, and the following trend of effectiveness was observed: THP-1 ≈ U-937 > HEL > HL-60 > K562 cells. 5-Demethyl NOB (20 and 40 μM) modulated the cell cycle through the regulation of p21, cyclin E1 and cyclin A1 expression and induced S phase arrest. 5-Demethyl NOB also promoted leukemia cell apoptosis and differentiation. Microarray-based transcriptome, Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis showed that the expression of inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding 1 (ID1), a gene associated with the GO biological process (BP) cell population proliferation (GO: 0008283), was most strongly suppressed by 5-demethyl NOB (40 μM) in THP-1 cells. We further demonstrated that 5-demethyl NOB-induced ID1 reduction was associated with the inhibition of leukemia cell growth. Moreover, DEGs involved in the hallmark gene set NF-κB/TNF-α signaling pathway were markedly enriched and downregulated by 5-demethyl NOB. Finally, we demonstrated that 5-demethyl NOB (20 and 40 μM), combined with cytarabine, synergistically reduced THP-1 and U-937 cell viability. Our current findings support that 5-demethyl NOB dramatically suppresses leukemia cell proliferation and may serve as a potential phytochemical for human AML chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Chen
- Center of Medical Genetics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (E.-C.T.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - En-Ci Tsao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (E.-C.T.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (E.-C.T.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (E.-C.T.); (Y.-T.C.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-856-5301 (ext. 2683)
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Mechanistic Insights of Anti-Immune Evasion by Nobiletin through Regulating miR-197/STAT3/PD-L1 Signaling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189843. [PMID: 34576006 PMCID: PMC8468939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune escape is a common process in the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells where programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, playing a vital role in immunosuppression activity. Additionally, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation activates Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) and signal transduction, thus activating transcription 3 (STAT3) to results in the regulation of PD-L1 expression. Chemotherapy with commercially available drugs against NSCLC has struggled in the prospect of adverse effects. Nobiletin is a natural flavonoid isolated from the citrus peel that exhibits anti-cancer activity. Here, we demonstrated the role of nobiletin in evasion of immunosuppression in NSCLC cells by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods for molecular signaling analysis supported by gene silencing and specific inhibitors. From the results, we found that nobiletin inhibited PD-L1 expression through EGFR/JAK2/STAT3 signaling. We also demonstrated that nobiletin exhibited p53-independent PD-L1 suppression, and that miR-197 regulates the expression of STAT3 and PD-L1, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Further, we evaluated the combination ability of nobiletin with an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in NSCLC co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Similarly, we found that nobiletin assisted the induction of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, which is a key factor for the immune escape mechanism. Altogether, we propose nobiletin as a modulator of tumor microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy.
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Wu X, Li Z, Sun Y, Li F, Gao Z, Zheng J, Xiao H. Identification of Xanthomicrol as a Major Metabolite of 5-Demethyltangeretin in Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract and Its Inhibitory Effects on Colon Cancer Cells. Front Nutr 2020; 7:103. [PMID: 32850933 PMCID: PMC7405597 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Demethyltangeretin (5DT) is a unique polymethoxyflavone mainly found in the peel of citrus, and has shown potent suppressive effects on multiple human cancer cells. Biotransformation plays a critical role in the biological activities of dietary bioactive components because their metabolites may exert significant bioactivities. In the present study, the metabolic fate of 5DT in mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract after long-term oral intake and the anti-cancer effects of its major metabolite were determined. It was found that 5DT underwent extensive biotransformation after oral ingestion in mice. A major demethylated metabolite was produced via phase I metabolism, while conjugates (glucuronide and sulfate) were generated via phase II metabolism. Specifically, 4'-position on the B ring of 5DT was the major site for demethylation reaction, which led to the production of xanthomicrol (XAN) as a major metabolite. More importantly, the level of XAN in the colon was significantly higher than that of 5DT in 5DT-fed mice. Thus, we further determined the suppressive effects of XAN on human colon cancer HCT116 cells. We found that XAN effectively inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells by arresting cell cycle and inducing cellular apoptosis, which was further evidenced by upregulated p53 and p21 and downregulated cyclin D and CDK4/6 level. In conclusion, this study identified XAN as a major metabolite of 5DT in mouse GI tract, and demonstrated its suppressive effects on HCT116 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.,Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Zhengze Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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Song M, Lan Y, Wu X, Han Y, Wang M, Zheng J, Li Z, Li F, Zhou J, Xiao J, Cao Y, Xiao H. The chemopreventive effect of 5-demethylnobiletin, a unique citrus flavonoid, on colitis-driven colorectal carcinogenesis in mice is associated with its colonic metabolites. Food Funct 2020; 11:4940-4952. [PMID: 32459257 PMCID: PMC10726105 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00616e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
5-Demethylnobiletin (5DN) is a unique flavonoid mainly found in citrus fruits. In this study, we determined the chemopreventive effects of 5DN and its major colonic metabolites on both a colitis-driven colon carcinogenesis mouse model and a human colon cancer cell model. In azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice, dietary 5DN (0.05% w/w in the diet) significantly decreased the tumor incidence, multiplicity and burden, and showed potent anti-proliferative, proapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities in mouse colon tissue. Three major metabolites of 5DN, named 5,3'-didemethylnobiletin (M1), 5,4'-didemethylnobiletin (M2) and 5,3',4'-tridemethylnobiletin (M3), were found in the colonic mucosa of 5DN-treated mice, and the combined level of these metabolites in mouse colonic mucosa was 1.56-fold higher than that of 5DN. Cell culture studies revealed that 5DN and its colonic metabolites profoundly inhibited the growth of human colon cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, triggering apoptosis and modulating key signaling proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Importantly, the colonic metabolites, especially M1, showed much stronger effects than those produced by 5DN itself. Overall, our results demonstrated that dietary 5DN significantly inhibited colitis-driven colon carcinogenesis in mice, and this chemopreventive effect was associated with its metabolites in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China and Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Yaqi Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. and Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. and Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhengze Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Jiazhi Zhou
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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12
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Nguyen NH, Ta QTH, Pham QT, Luong TNH, Phung VT, Duong TH, Vo VG. Anticancer Activity of Novel Plant Extracts and Compounds from Adenosma bracteosum (Bonati) in Human Lung and Liver Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E2912. [PMID: 32599892 PMCID: PMC7356985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and despite the advances in drug development, it is still necessary to develop new plant-derived medicines. Compared with using conventional chemical drugs to decrease the side effects induced by chemotherapy, natural herbal medicines have many advantages. The present study aimed to discover the potential cytotoxicity of ethanol extract and its derived fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous) of Adenosma bracteosum Bonati. (A. bracteosum) on human large cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H460) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). Among these fractions, the chloroform showed significant activity in the inhibition of proliferation of both cancerous cells because of the presence of bioactive compounds including xanthomicrol, 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3'-tetramethoxyflavone, and ursolic acid which were clearly revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Coherence, and Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Spectroscopy) analyses. According to the radical scavenging capacity, the 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3'-tetramethoxyflavone compound (AB2) exhibited the highest anticancer activity on both NCI-H460 and HepG2 with IC50 values of 4.57 ± 0.32 and 5.67 ± 0.09 µg/mL respectively, followed by the ursolic acid with the lower percent inhibition at 13.05 ± 0.55 and 10.00 ± 0.16 µg/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). Remarkably, the AB2 compound induced to significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species accompanied by attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential, thus inducing the activation of caspase-3 activity in both human lung and liver cancer cells. These results suggest that A. bracteosum is a promising source of useful natural products and AB2 offers opportunities to develop the novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Hong Nguyen
- CirTech Institute, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Qui Thanh Hoai Ta
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Quang Thang Pham
- Institute of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (Q.T.P.); (T.N.H.L.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Han Luong
- Institute of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (Q.T.P.); (T.N.H.L.)
| | - Van Trung Phung
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thuc-Huy Duong
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Van Giau Vo
- Bionanotechnology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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13
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Karn A, Zhao C, Yang F, Cui J, Gao Z, Wang M, Wang F, Xiao H, Zheng J. In-vivo biotransformation of citrus functional components and their effects on health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:756-776. [PMID: 32255367 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1746234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Citrus, one of the most popular fruits worldwide, contains various functional components, including flavonoids, dietary fibers (DFs), essential oils (EOs), synephrines, limonoids, and carotenoids. The functional components of citrus attract special attention due to their health-promoting effects. Food components undergo complex biotransformation by host itself and the gut microbiota after oral intake, which alters their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity in the host body. To better understand the health effects of citrus fruits, it is important to understand the in-vivo biotransformation of citrus functional components. We reviewed the biotransformation of citrus functional components (flavonoids, DFs, EOs, synephrines, limonoids, and carotenoids) in the body from their intake to excretion. In addition, we described the importance of biotransformation in terms of health effects. This review would facilitate mechanistic understanding of the health-promoting effect of citrus and its functional components, and also provide guidance for the development of health-promoting foods based on citrus and its functional components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Karn
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiefen Cui
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Li F, Han Y, Cai X, Gu M, Sun J, Qi C, Goulette T, Song M, Li Z, Xiao H. Dietary resveratrol attenuated colitis and modulated gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:1063-1073. [PMID: 31825043 PMCID: PMC7122795 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colitis and that its composition could be modulated by exposure to dietary components. Thus, it may be possible to ameliorate the severity of colitis through administration of dietary components. Herein, we determined the effects of orally administered resveratrol on the gut microbiota composition and the resulting inflammatory status of a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Our results supported our hypothesis that dietary resveratrol altered the microbial composition and restored microbial community diversity in DSS-treated mice. Specifically, resveratrol effectively decreased the abundance of the genera Akkermansia, Dorea, Sutterella and Bilophila, and increased the proportion of Bifidobacterium in colitic mice. Resveratrol was also able to prevent mouse body weight loss, reduce the disease activity index, attenuate tissue damage, and down-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-6, KC/GRO, and TNF-α in the colon of DSS-treated mice. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated significant correlations between the relative levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and alterations of the gut microbiota. Our results demonstrated that dietary resveratrol attenuated the inflammatory status and alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis in a colitis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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15
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Rakariyatham K, Du Z, Yuan B, Gao Z, Song M, Pan C, Han Y, Wu X, Tang Z, Zhang G, Xiao H. Inhibitory effects of 7,7′-bromo-curcumin on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced skin inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Wu J, Yi J, Wu Y, Chen X, Zeng J, Wu J, Peng W. 3, 3-Dimethylquercetin Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Colon Cancer RKO Cells through Inducing G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:402-409. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181106120718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Our previous study successfully identified that 3,3-Dimethylquercetin (DMQ) acted
as a potent anticancer agent against human colon cancer cell lines RKO. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate
the underlying mechanism by which DMQ displayed inhibitory activity in RKO cells.
Methods:
Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effect of DMQ on the cell cycle arrest, as well as the mitochondrial
membrane potential in RKO cells. DAPI staining and DNA fragmentation ladder assays were performed
to assess the apoptosis inducing activity of DMQ. Furthermore, western blot analysis was conducted to
examine the expression of related proteins responsible for the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Results:
Treatment with DMQ caused a significant increase in the fraction of G2/M cells, and induced remarkable
apoptosis. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that DMQ arrested cells at G2/M checkpoint by
down-regulation of cyclin B1, cdc2 and cdc25c and up-regulation of p21, and induced cell apoptosis via affecting
the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, causing loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and enhancing the expression
of cleaved caspase-9 (C-caspase-9) and cleaved caspase-3 (C-caspase-3).
Conclusion:
These data showed that DMQ could suppress RKO cell growth by arresting RKO cells at G2/M
checkpoint and inducing mitochondria-dependent cell apoptosis. Our findings shed light on the potential use of
DMQ as a chemotherapeutic agent for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Fujian Institute of Education, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Yanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xuzheng Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jianwei Zeng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jinzhong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
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17
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Goh JXH, Tan LTH, Goh JK, Chan KG, Pusparajah P, Lee LH, Goh BH. Nobiletin and Derivatives: Functional Compounds from Citrus Fruit Peel for Colon Cancer Chemoprevention. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E867. [PMID: 31234411 PMCID: PMC6627117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for effective methods of cancer treatment and prevention has been a continuous effort since the disease was discovered. Recently, there has been increasing interest in exploring plants and fruits for molecules that may have potential as either adjuvants or as chemopreventive agents against cancer. One of the promising compounds under extensive research is nobiletin (NOB), a polymethoxyflavone (PMF) extracted exclusively from citrus peel. Not only does nobiletin itself exhibit anti-cancer properties, but its derivatives are also promising chemopreventive agents; examples of derivatives with anti-cancer activity include 3'-demethylnobiletin (3'-DMN), 4'-demethylnobiletin (4'-DMN), 3',4'-didemethylnobiletin (3',4'-DMN) and 5-demethylnobiletin (5-DMN). In vitro studies have demonstrated differential efficacies and mechanisms of NOB and its derivatives in inhibiting and killing of colon cancer cells. The chemopreventive potential of NOB has also been well demonstrated in several in vivo colon carcinogenesis animal models. NOB and its derivatives target multiple pathways in cancer progression and inhibit several of the hallmark features of colorectal cancer (CRC) pathophysiology, including arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, preventing tumour formation, reducing inflammatory effects and limiting angiogenesis. However, these substances have low oral bioavailability that limits their clinical utility, hence there have been numerous efforts exploring better drug delivery strategies for NOB and these are part of this review. We also reviewed data related to patents involving NOB to illustrate the extensiveness of each research area and its direction of commercialisation. Furthermore, this review also provides suggested directions for future research to advance NOB as the next promising candidate in CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Xuan Hui Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Joo Kheng Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Kok Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes (PICO), Health and Well-being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes (PICO), Health and Well-being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
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18
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Sun Y, Han Y, Song M, Charoensinphon N, Zheng J, Qiu P, Wu X, Xiao H. Inhibitory effects of nobiletin and its major metabolites on lung tumorigenesis. Food Funct 2019; 10:7444-7452. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that the oral administration of nobiletin significantly inhibited lung carcinogenesis in mice, and these chemopreventive effects could be attributed to its metabolites that showed potent anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
- College of Food Science
| | | | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology
| | - Peiju Qiu
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Health
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
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19
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Zhao C, Wang F, Lian Y, Xiao H, Zheng J. Biosynthesis of citrus flavonoids and their health effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:566-583. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1544885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhe Lian
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Guo S, Wu X, Zheng J, Charoensinphon N, Dong P, Qiu P, Song M, Tang Z, Xiao H. Anti-inflammatory effect of xanthomicrol, a major colonic metabolite of 5-demethyltangeretin. Food Funct 2018; 9:3104-3113. [PMID: 29808211 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
5-Demethyltengeretin (5DT) is a citrus flavonoid with various potential health benefits. To provide physiologically relevant information on the anti-inflammatory properties of 5DT, we identified the major metabolite of 5DT in the mouse colon and established its anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. CD-1 mice were fed with a 5DT-containing diet for four weeks, and colonic mucosa samples were collected and subjected to LC-MS analysis. Xanthomicrol (XAN) was identified as the major metabolite of 5DT in the mouse colon. More importantly, the colonic level of XAN was about 3.1-fold higher than that of 5DT. The anti-inflammatory effects of 5DT and XAN were determined in LPS-stimulated macrophages. XAN produced significant inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide and PGE2. Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that XAN greatly decreased the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS as well as the protein level of COX-2. Furthermore, XAN also reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and induced the expression of anti-oxidative enzyme HO-1. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that XAN is a major metabolite of 5DT in the colon of mice fed with 5DT, and XAN may play important roles in the anti-inflammatory effects elicited by orally administered 5DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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21
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Wu X, Song M, Qiu P, Li F, Wang M, Zheng J, Wang Q, Xu F, Xiao H. A metabolite of nobiletin, 4'-demethylnobiletin and atorvastatin synergistically inhibits human colon cancer cell growth by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Food Funct 2018; 9:87-95. [PMID: 29063088 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Combining different chemopreventive agents is a promising strategy to reduce cancer incidence and mortality due to potential synergistic interactions between these agents. Previously, we demonstrated that oral administration of nobiletin (NBT, a citrus flavonoid) at 0.05% (w/w, in diet) together with atorvastatin (ATST, a lipid-lowering drug) at 0.02% (w/w, in diet) produced much stronger inhibition against colon carcinogenesis in rats in comparison with that produced by NBT (at 0.1% w/w in diet) or ATST (at 0.04% w/w in diet) alone at higher doses. To further elucidate the mechanism of this promising synergy between NBT and ATST, herein, we measured the levels of NBT, its major metabolites and ATST in the colonic tissue of rats fed NBT (0.05% w/w, in diet) + ATST (0.02% w/w, in diet), and determined the mode of interaction between the major NBT metabolite and ATST in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth. HPLC-MS analysis showed that 4'-demethylnobiletin (4DN) is the most abundant metabolite of NBT with a level about 5-fold as high as that of NBT in the colonic tissue, which indicated the potential significance of 4DN in mediating the biological effects of NBT in the colon. We found that co-treatments of 4DN/ATST at 2 : 1 concentration ratio produced much stronger growth inhibitory effects on human colon cancer HT-29 cells than 4DN or ATST alone, and isobologram analysis confirmed that this enhanced inhibitory effect by the 4DN/ATST combination was highly synergistic. The co-treatment of 4DN/ATST led to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and induced extensive apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, the 4DN/ATST co-treatment profoundly modulated key signaling proteins related to the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Our results demonstrated a strong synergy produced by the 4DN/ATST co-treatment in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth, which provided a novel mechanism by which NBT/ATST in combination synergistically inhibit colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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22
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Alahmari AA, Sreekumar B, Patel V, Ashat M, Alexandre M, Uduman AK, Akinbiyi EO, Ceplenski A, Shugrue CA, Kolodecik TR, Tashkandi N, Messenger SW, Groblewski GE, Gorelick FS, Thrower EC. Cigarette toxin 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) induces experimental pancreatitis through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197362. [PMID: 29870540 PMCID: PMC5988302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that cigarette smoking is a dose-dependent and independent risk factor for acute pancreatitis. Cigarette smoke contains nicotine which can be converted to the potent receptor ligand and toxin, NNK [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone]. Previously, we have shown that NNK induces premature activation of pancreatic zymogens in rats, an initiating event in pancreatitis, and this activation is prevented by pharmacologic inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). In this study, we determined whether NNK mediates pancreatitis through the α7 isoform of nAChR using α7nAChR knockout mice. PCR analysis confirmed expression of non-neuronal α7nAChR in C57BL/6 (WT) mouse and human acinar cells. NNK treatment stimulated trypsinogen activation in acini from WT but not α7nAChR-/- mice. NNK also stimulated trypsinogen activation in human acini. To further confirm these findings, WT and α7nAChR-/- mice were treated with NNK in vivo and markers of pancreatitis were measured. As observed in acini NNK treatment induced trypsinogen activation in WT but not α7nAChR-/- mice. NNK also induced other markers of pancreatitis including pancreatic edema, vacuolization and pyknotic nuclei in WT but not α7nAChR-/- animals. NNK treatment led to increased neutrophil infiltration, a marker of inflammation, in WT mice and to a significantly lesser extent in α7nAChR-/- mice. We also examined downstream targets of α7nAChR activation and found that calcium and PKC activation are involved down stream of NNK stimulation of α7nAChR. In this study we used genetic deletion of the α7nAChR to confirm our previous inhibitor studies that demonstrated NNK stimulates pancreatitis by activating this receptor. Lastly, we demonstrate that NNK can also stimulate zymogen activation in human acinar cells and thus may play a role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Alahmari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - B. Sreekumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - V. Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - M. Ashat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - M. Alexandre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - A. K. Uduman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - E. O. Akinbiyi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - A. Ceplenski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - C. A. Shugrue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - T. R. Kolodecik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - N. Tashkandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - S. W. Messenger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - G. E. Groblewski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - F. S. Gorelick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - E. C. Thrower
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
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Hu Q, Yuan B, Xiao H, Zhao L, Wu X, Rakariyatham K, Zhong L, Han Y, Muinde Kimatu B, Yang W. Polyphenols-rich extract from Pleurotus eryngii with growth inhibitory of HCT116 colon cancer cells and anti-inflammatory function in RAW264.7 cells. Food Funct 2018; 9:1601-1611. [PMID: 29465116 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01794d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms are rich sources of bioactive components. In this study, a polyphenol-rich extract, designated as PPEP, was isolated from an edible mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii. Using ultra high performance liquid chromatograph combined with triple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF/MS/MS), gallic acid monohydrate, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid, methyl gallate, syringic acid, ellagic acid and catechin were identified in PPEP. This phenolic-rich extract PPEP exhibited anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages by inhibiting the overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). It was demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects of PPEP were associated with the inhibition of iNOS expression, suppression of p-IκB protein expression and inhibition of NF-κB and IκB mRNA expression. Next, the inhibitory effect of PPEP against human colon cancer cells was also determined. PPEP suppressed cell proliferation of human colon cancer HCT116 cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, while it showed no inhibitory effect on normal human colonic myofibroblasts CCD-18Co cells at the same tested concentrations (0-200 μg mL-1). Moreover, PPEP induced cell cycle arrest and led to extensive cellular apoptosis in human colon cancer cells, which was associated with the downregulation of cell cycle-related signaling protein, e.g. cyclin B and cyclin E, and the upregulation of apoptosis-related signaling protein caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3. Overall, our results provided a basis for using PPEP as a promising preventive agent against inflammatory disease and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Biao Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China. and Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | | | - Lei Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Benard Muinde Kimatu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Wenjian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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