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Ivanovic N, Milenkovic M, Protic A, Jovanovic V, Djordjevic B, Dodevska M. Phthalate content in toy samples available on the market of the Republic of Serbia. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:5835-5844. [PMID: 39145428 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay01092b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates are a family of synthetic chemicals commonly used as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride-based polymers. They are used in a variety of commercial consumer products, including children's toys. Exposure to phthalates is associated with various adverse health effects, such as developmental and reproductive disorders, liver and kidney toxicity, etc. In the European Union, but also in the Republic of Serbia, restrictions have been imposed on the presence of seven phthalates in toys. In addition, the European Union has established the Rapid Alert System for Dangerous Non-Food Products (RAPEX) to protect consumers across borders by preventing or restricting the sale and use of non-food articles, including children's toys, that pose a significant health and safety risk. In this work, 118 samples of children's toys from the market of the Republic of Serbia were analysed for the presence of all seven restricted phthalates using the HPLC-DAD method. We also comprehensively analysed the RAPEX notifications of toys posing a chemical risk due to the presence of phthalates from 2012 to 2022. In total, 23.7% of the tested toy samples contained one or more phthalates above 0.1% w/w, which corresponds to the legal limit. DEHP was found above the limit in all non-compliant toy samples, followed by DBP, DINP, BBP and DIDP. DIBP and DNOP were not found in any of the samples. In general, phthalates were present in the tested samples in concentrations ranging from
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Ivanovic
- Department of Bromatology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milan Milenkovic
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut, Dr Subotića 5, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Protic
- Department of Drug Analysis, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Verica Jovanovic
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut, Dr Subotića 5, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Brizita Djordjevic
- Department of Bromatology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Margarita Dodevska
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut, Dr Subotića 5, 11000, Serbia.
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Li L, Guo Z, Deng R, Fan T, Dong D, Dai Y, Li C. The concentrations and behavior of classic phthalates and emerging phthalate alternatives in different environmental matrices and their biological health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:46790-46805. [PMID: 38977546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Because of their excellent plasticity, phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used in plastic products. However, due to the recognized toxicity of PAEs and legislative requirements, the production and use of emerging PAE alternatives have rapidly grown, such as di-isononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) which are the primary replacements for classic PAEs. Nowadays, PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are frequently found in a variety of environmental media, including the atmosphere, sludge, rivers, and seawater/sediment. PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are involved in endocrine-disrupting effects, and they affect the reproductive physiology of different species of fish and mammals. Therefore, their presence in the environment is of considerable concern due to their potential effects on ecosystem function and public health. Nevertheless, current research on the prevalence, destiny, and conduct of PAEs in the environment has primarily focused on classic PAEs, with little attention given to emerging PAE alternatives. The present article furnishes a synopsis of the physicochemical characteristics, occurrence, transport, fate, and adverse effects of both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives on organisms in the ecosystem. Our analysis reveals that both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are widely distributed in all environmental media, with emerging PAE alternatives increasingly replacing classic PAEs. Various pathways can transform and degrade both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives, and their own and related metabolites can have toxic effects on organisms. This research offers a more extensive comprehension of the health hazards associated with classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China.
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Rui Deng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ting Fan
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Dazhuang Dong
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yaodan Dai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Chenxuan Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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Nahla E, Arya P, Maneesha P, Chitra KC. Exposure to the plasticizer dibutyl phthalate causes oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in brain tissue. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21399-21414. [PMID: 38393557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The phthalate ester, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), is one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals detected in various aquatic environments. Previous research has found multiple toxic effects of DBP in aquatic organisms; however, the neurotoxic effects of the compound are surprisingly scanty. The purpose of this study was aimed to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in the induction of neurotoxicity in the brain tissue of the fish Pseudetroplus maculatus. The fish were exposed to the sublethal concentration of DBP (200 µg L-1) for 1, 4, 7, and 15 days along with control and vehicle control groups. The induction of oxidative stress in the brain subcellular fractions was proved by alterations in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase along with the reduction in the total antioxidant capacity. Meanwhile, the levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation were increased. Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and serotonin were altered in all subcellular fractions suggesting the disruption of the neurotransmitter system in the fish brain. These results indicate that DBP induces oxidative stress, which correlates with neurotoxicity in Pseudetroplus maculatus brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Nahla
- Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram District, Kerala, 673 635, India
| | - Pankajakshan Arya
- Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram District, Kerala, 673 635, India
| | - Pootheri Maneesha
- Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram District, Kerala, 673 635, India
| | - Kumari Chidambaran Chitra
- Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram District, Kerala, 673 635, India.
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Oya-Silva LF, Guiloski IC, Vicari T, Deda B, Marcondes FR, Simeoni RD, Perussolo MC, Martino-Andrade AJ, Leme DM, de Assis HCS, Cestari MM. Evidence of genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and antioxidant imbalance in silver catfish Rhamdia quelen after subchronic exposure to diisopentyl phthalate. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 892:503702. [PMID: 37973294 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Diisopentyl phthalate (DiPeP) is a plasticizer with significant offer and application in Brazilian industries. This is attributed to its origin, which is closely linked to the refining process of sugarcane for ethanol production in the country. In this work, we developed a model for trophic exposure to environmentally relevant doses (5, 25, and 125 ng/g of DiPeP) to identify possible target tissues and toxic effects promoted by subchronic exposure to DiPeP in a Neotropical catfish species (Rhamdia quelen). After thirty days of exposure, blood, liver, kidney, brain, and muscle were collected and studied regarding DNA damage in blood cells and biochemical analyses. The kidney was the most affected organ, as in the head kidney, genotoxicity was evidenced in all groups exposed to DiPeP. Besides, the caudal kidney showed a reduction in the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as a reduced glutathione concentration. In the liver, exposure to 125 ng/g of DiPeP increased glutathione S-transferase activity and reduced glutathione levels. In muscle, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was reduced. However, in the brain, an increase in AChE activity was observed after the exposure to lowest doses. In contrast, a significant reduction of brain AChE activity after exposure to the highest dose was detected. The pronounced genotoxicity observed in head kidney cells is of concern, as it may compromise different functions performed by this organ (e.g., hematopoiesis, immune and endocrine functions). In our study, DiPeP proved to be a compound of environmental concern since we have evidenced its nephrotoxic and neurotoxic potential even in low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Fernanda Oya-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taynah Vicari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruna Deda
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fellip Rodrigues Marcondes
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dias Simeoni
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maiara Carolina Perussolo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anderson Joel Martino-Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Endocrine and Animal Reproductive Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva de Assis
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Xiong D, Chen Y, Zhu S, Liu L, Zhao L, Zeng C, Li Y, Wang H, Tu L, Zou K, Hou X, Yang L, Zhu L, Bai T. Exploring the relationship between urinary phthalate metabolites and Crohn's disease via oxidative stress, and the potential moderating role of gut microbiota: A conditional mediation model. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:468-477. [PMID: 37690673 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interactions between phthalic acid esters (PAEs) exposure and Crohn's disease (CD) were unknown. This study aims to examine the association between exposure to PAEs and CD activity and to explore the roles of oxidative stress and microbiota. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 127 CD patients was conducted. The disease activity was evaluated based on symptoms (Harvey-Bradshaw index, HBI), endoscopy findings (Simple Endoscopic Score for CD, SES-CD), and computed tomography enterography (CTE-scores). Ten urinary PAEs metabolites (mPAEs), two urinary oxidative stress biomarkers, including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), as well as 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples were determined. Multiple linear regression models and Hayes's PROCESS macro for SPSS were used to evaluate the interplays between urinary PAEs metabolites, CD activities, oxidative stress, and microbiota diversity. RESULTS There were positive associations between most mPAEs and HBI. Oxidative stress mediated 20.69-89.29% of the indirect associations between low molecular weight (LMW) mPAEs and HBI, while the majority of the high molecular weight (HMW) mPAEs were directly associated with HBI. In addition, microbiota diversity moderated the indirect associations of LMW mPAEs on HBI. CONCLUSIONS PAEs exposure was related to CD activity, and the association could be mediated by oxidative stress and reversed or alleviated by rich gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siran Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Zeng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Tu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaifang Zou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangle Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liangru Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Ghassabian A, van den Dries M, Trasande L, Lamballais S, Spaan S, Martinez-Moral MP, Kannan K, Jaddoe VWV, Engel SM, Pronk A, White T, Tiemeier H, Guxens M. Prenatal exposure to common plasticizers: a longitudinal study on phthalates, brain volumetric measures, and IQ in youth. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4814-4822. [PMID: 37644173 PMCID: PMC11062447 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to phthalates, used as plasticizers and solvents in consumer products, is ubiquitous. Despite growing concerns regarding their neurotoxicity, brain differences associated with gestational exposure to phthalates are understudied. We included 775 mother-child pairs from Generation R, a population-based pediatric neuroimaging study with prenatal recruitment, who had data on maternal gestational phthalate levels and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in children at age 10 years. Maternal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites were measured at early, mid-, and late pregnancy. Child IQ was assessed at age 14 years. We investigated the extent to which prenatal exposure to phthalates is associated with brain volumetric measures and whether brain structural measures mediate the association of prenatal phthalate exposure with IQ. We found that higher maternal concentrations of monoethyl phthalate (mEP, averaged across pregnancy) were associated with smaller total gray matter volumes in offspring at age 10 years (β per log10 increase in creatinine adjusted mEP = -10.7, 95%CI: -18.12, -3.28). Total gray matter volumes partially mediated the association between higher maternal mEP and lower child IQ (β for mediated path =-0.31, 95%CI: -0.62, 0.01, p = 0.05, proportion mediated = 18%). An association of higher monoisobutyl phthalate (mIBP) and smaller cerebral white matter volumes was present only in girls, with cerebral white matter volumes mediating the association between higher maternal mIBP and lower IQ in girls. Our findings suggest the global impact of prenatal phthalate exposure on brain volumetric measures that extends into adolescence and underlies less optimal cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michiel van den Dries
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- New York University College of Global Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
- New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sander Lamballais
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Spaan
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, TNO, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, TNO, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Section on Social and Cognitive Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Rodrigues K, Batista-Silva H, de Moura KRS, Van Der Kraak G, Silva FRMB. Dibutyl phthalate disrupts energy metabolism and morphology in the gills and induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:883-893. [PMID: 37537493 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) exposure on energy metabolism and gill histology in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The in vitro incubation of gill tissue with 10 μM DBP for 60 min altered tissue energy supply, as shown by decreased lactate content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Higher concentrations of DBP (100 μM and 1 mM) increased lactate content and LDH activity; however, they blocked glucose uptake, depleted the glycogen content in cellular stores, and induced injury to the gills, as measured by LDH release to the extracellular medium. In addition, in vivo exposure of fish to 1 pM DBP for 12 h induced liver damage by increasing alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities. Gill histology indicated hyperemia, lamellar fusion, lamellar telangiectasis, and necrosis. Data indicate that acute exposure of zebrafish gills to the higher DBP concentrations studied induces anaerobic cellular activity and high lactate production, causing gill damage, diminishing cell viability, and incurring liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyla Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Córrego Grande, CEP, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Hemily Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Córrego Grande, CEP, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Kieiv Resende Sousa de Moura
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Córrego Grande, CEP, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
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8
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Bhogal S, Grover A, Mohiuddin I. A Review of the Analysis of Phthalates by Gas Chromatography in Aqueous and Food Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37647342 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2250876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
As a commonly well-known industrial chemical, phthalates are produced in high volumes to be used in various consumer products (e.g., plasticizers, medical devices, construction materials, and toys) to enhance softness, durability, transparency, and flexibility. Phthalates are generally not chemically bonded to the polymer chain of the plastic in which they are mixed. Thus, they may leach, migrate, or evaporate into indoor/outdoor air, and foodstuffs. In this review, a comprehensive overview of several sample preparation methods coupled with gas chromatography for the analysis of phthalates in various kinds of complex matrices, with a focus on the last 20 years' worth of papers. The review begins by highlighting the environmental significance of phthalate pollution along with the various routes to their exposure to general population. Then, the discussion is extended to cover the pretreatment and extraction techniques for phthalates for their quantitation based on gas chromatographic approach. Finally, the present and future challenges for the detection of phthalates in aqueous and food matrices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Bhogal
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Aman Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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9
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Ramesh M, Bindu CF, Mohanthi S, Hema T, Poopal RK, Ren Z, Bin L. Efficiency of hematological, enzymological and oxidative stress biomarkers of Cyprinus carpio to an emerging organic compound (alphamethrin) toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104186. [PMID: 37331673 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Alphamethrin is one of the extensively used pyrethroids. Its non-specific mode-of-action might affect the non-target-organisms. Its toxicity data on aquatic organisms are lacking. We determined the toxicity (35 days) of alphamethrin (0.6µg/L and 1.2µg/L) on non-target-organisms by evaluating the efficiency of hematological, enzymological and antioxidants biomarkers of Cyprinus carpio. Compared with the control group, the efficiency of the biomarkers studied was significantly (p<0.05) impaired in the alphamethrin groups. Alphamethrin-toxicity altered hematology, transaminases and the potency of LDH of fish. ACP and ALP activity and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the gills, liver and muscle tissues were affected. IBRv2 index reveals that the biomarkers were inhibited. The observed impairments were the toxicity effects of alphamethrin with respect to concentration and time. The effectiveness of biomarkers for alphamethrin toxicity was like the toxicity data available on other banned insecticides. Alphamethrin could cause multiorgan toxicity on aquatic organisms at µg/L level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathan Ramesh
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China; Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Clara F Bindu
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Sundaram Mohanthi
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Tamilselvan Hema
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Rama-Krishnan Poopal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China; Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Bin
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Okagu IU, Okeke ES, Ezeorba WCF, Ndefo JC, Ezeorba TPC. Overhauling the ecotoxicological impact of synthetic pesticides using plants' natural products: a focus on Zanthoxylum metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67997-68021. [PMID: 37148518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The reduction in agricultural production due to the negative impact of insects and weeds, as well as the health and economic burden associated with vector-borne diseases, has promoted the wide use of chemicals that control these "enemies." However, the use of these synthetic chemicals has been recognized to elicit negative impacts on the environment as well as the health and wellbeing of man. In this study, we presented an overview of recent updates on the environmental and health impacts of synthetic pesticides against agro-pest and disease vectors while exhaustive reviewing the potentials of natural plant products from Zanthoxylum species (Rutaceae) as sustainable alternatives. This study is expected to spur further research on exploiting these plants and their chemicals as safe and effective pesticide entities to minimize the impact of their chemical and synthetic counterparts on health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Joseph Chinedum Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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11
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Occurrence and seasonal variation of plasticizers in sediments and biota from the coast of Mahdia, Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48532-48545. [PMID: 36759412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers are compounds often involved in the manufacturing of plastic products. Nevertheless, the ageing of the latter generates plasticizers that generally end up in the marine environment. In fact, marine pollution by phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and their alternatives has become an environmental and health issue of serious concern, as they are largely and ubiquitously present in the environment and aquatic organisms. In the present study, four PAEs, such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and one non-phthalate plasticizer (NPP), namely di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHT), are wanted in different marine compartments from the coast of Mahdia in Tunisia such as sediment, seagrass, and mussel. The most abundant and frequently detected congener was DEHT at the concentrations reached 1.181 mg/kg in the sediment, 1.121 mg/kg in the seagrass, and 1.86 mg/kg in the mussel. This result indicates that the DEHT could emerge through the food chain and therefore bioaccumulate in marine compartments. In addition, we noticed that the seasonal variations of plasticizers were seriously affected by environmental factors including industrial and urban discharges.
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Vimalkumar K, Mayilsamy M, Arun E, Gobinath B, Prasanth S, Nikhil PN, Krishna-Kumar S, Srimurali S, Mkandawire M, Babu-Rajendran R. Screening of antimicrobials, fragrances, UV stabilizers, plasticizers and preservatives in sewage treatment plants (STPs) and their risk assessment in India. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136452. [PMID: 36116630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Community/industrial wastewater is the prime source of anthropogenic chemicals, its treatment is often a daunting task and unaffordable for many countries. Emerging Contaminants (ECs) have been drained into wastewater after continuous use/misuse and Conventional treatments in STPs do not remove them completely. ECs including antimicrobial agents, synthetic musks, Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVSs), plasticizers, and preservatives are frequently reported in environment, and cause health effects to non-target organisms. Monitoring of ECs is important to understand their status in aquatic environment. Hence, it was aimed to monitor ECs (n = 21) from 11 STPs in Tamil Nadu, India. The detection frequency of most of these analytes was >90%. Antimicrobials ranged from 247 to 22,714 ng/L and 11-14,369 ng/L in influents and effluents, respectively. The synthetic musks were in the order of Tonalide > Galaxolide > Musk Ketone. BUVSs ranged from 4 to 1632 ng/L (influents) and < LOD to 29,853 ng/L (effluents). Concentration of phthalates in influents and effluents were < LOD - 11,311 ng/L and < LOD - 17,618 ng/L, respectively. Parabens were found in the order of Prophyl > Methyl > Ethyl > Butyl in influents and Methyl > Prophyl > Butyl > Ethyl in effluents. Mass loads of ECs through STPs were found as antimicrobials > plasticizers > fragrances > BUVSs > Preservatives. This study reveals increasing usage of ECs and inadequate treatment processes at STPs in India. Also helps to adopt suitable treatment processes to remove ECs from wastewater and to reuse the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthi Vimalkumar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Environmental Medicine and Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Murugasamy Mayilsamy
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Hiyoshi India Ecological Services Private Limited, TICEL Biopark Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elayaraja Arun
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Gobinath
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Prasanth
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Patil Nishikant Nikhil
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Krishna-Kumar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sampath Srimurali
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Food Chemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Martin Mkandawire
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Novo Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Ramaswamy Babu-Rajendran
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan.
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13
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Kim H, Kil M, Han C. Urinary phthalate metabolites and anemia: Findings from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2015-2017). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114255. [PMID: 36113574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several animal studies have suggested an association between phthalate exposure and decreased hemoglobin levels. To address the lack of epidemiological evidence, we evaluated the association between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and hematologic indices by using nationally representative data from Korea. METHODS Data from 3722 adults included in the third stage (2015-2017) of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KONEHS) were used. The association between various urinary phthalate metabolites and hematologic indices (hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume [MCV], and red blood cell [RBC], white blood cell [WBC], and platelet counts) was evaluated using linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders. Sex-stratified analysis was performed. RESULTS All urinary phthalate metabolites were negatively associated with hemoglobin levels. A two-fold increase in urinary mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxy-pentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP), mono-carboxyonyl phthalate (MCNP), and mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) levels was associated with a -0.099 g/dL (95% confidence interval (CI), -0.137 to -0.060), -0.116 g/dL (95% CI, -0.156 to -0.076), -0.111 g/dL (95% CI, -0.154 to -0.068), and -0.144 g/dL (95% CI, -0.198 to -0.089) change in hemoglobin levels, respectively. The RBC count and MCV showed negative and positive associations, respectively, with urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations. WBC counts were positively associated with MECPP, MCOP, MCNP, and MCPP levels, whereas the platelet count showed no association with urinary phthalate metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Urinary phthalate metabolite concentration showed a negative association with hemoglobin level. Since this was a cross-sectional study, further longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to identify a clear causal linkage and the pathological mechanism underlying phthalate exposure and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahyeon Kim
- Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minuk Kil
- Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Changwoo Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; KDI School of Public Policy and Management, Sejong, South Korea.
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14
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Kumkar P, Pise M, Verma CR, Khare T, Petrtýl M, Kalous L. Micro-contaminant, but immense impact: Source and influence of diethyl phthalate plasticizer on bottom-dwelling fishes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135563. [PMID: 35787876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable plastic-waste management is becoming increasingly challenging as enormous loads of plastic debris regularly accumulate in susceptible ecosystems. The microplastic (MP) particles generated from these plastic wastes are imposing additional threats to these ecosystems due to their small size as well as their ability to adsorb and carry toxic chemicals. The current investigation deals with one such MP-originated toxicant, diethyl phthalate (DEP), and its impact on two species of freshwater loaches from the Western Ghats of India, Lepidocephalichthys thermalis and Indoreonectes evezardi. The MP samples were collected from the sediments of the Mula River and characterized using spectroscopic methods and scanning electron microscopy. Polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene, were identified in the collected MPs. GC-MS analysis of the MP extracts revealed the presence of DEP, confirming the MP waste as a potential source of DEP pollution. Further, to evaluate the effect of DEP on survival of selected loaches, L. thermalis and I. evezardi were exposed to DEP concentrations (18.75-300 mg L-1) and the lethal DEP dose (LC50) was estimated to be 44.53 mg L-1 for L. thermalis and 34.64 mg L-1 for I. evezardi. Fishes were further exposed to sub-lethal DEP concentration for one day (Short term exposure: STE) or eight days (Long term exposure: LTE) to analyze the histological condition and oxidative status of the liver in response to DEP treatment. Histology revealed congestion of sinusoids and vacuolization after the LTE. Higher lipid peroxidation levels were also measured in the livers of both species treated with DEP, which indicated DEP-mediated oxidative damage. The antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase displayed elevated activities in response to STE and LTE of DEP. Collectively, the results demonstrate that MPs in the Mula River are a potential source of DEP. The findings also show that DEP exposure can be fatal to freshwater fishes such as loaches, possibly by causing increased oxidative damage to the hepatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumkar
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Manoj Pise
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chandani R Verma
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Miloslav Petrtýl
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kalous
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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Cui D, Ricardo M, Quinete N. A novel report on phthalates levels in Biscayne Bay surface waters and drinking water from South Florida. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113802. [PMID: 35665653 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we have developed and validated a modified version of the U.S.EPA method 506 using a liquid-liquid extraction method followed by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry analysis to assess the occurrence and spatial and seasonal variation of six phthalates (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-DEHP, dibutyl phthalate-DBP, butyl benzyl phthalate-BBP, diethyl phthalate-DEP, dimethyl phthalate-DMP, and di-n-octyl phthalate-DOP) in surface and tap waters from South Florida, collected during the wet and dry seasons. The most frequently detected phthalate was DEHP, with concentrations up to 1.56 μg/L in surface water. Higher DEHP concentrations were observed in tap water during the wet season, which aligns with the higher temperature during the summer months facilitating leaching from plastic materials. Preliminary ecological and human health risk assessments suggested low hazard risk based on concentrations observed in tap and surface waters, respectively. PAEs could however still constitute a great concern to sensitive marine species, including early stages organisms and coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Cui
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st street, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Melissa Ricardo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st street, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st street, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
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16
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Datta N, Kar PK, Saha SK. Primary stress response and biochemical profile of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) experimentally parasitized with Argulus bengalensis (Ramakrishna, 1951). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:1375-1387. [PMID: 35319798 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Argulosis is a major problem that causes huge economic loss in aquaculture. In a microcosm, an infested condition was developed upon Labeo rohita with 100 ± 10 adult morphs of Argulus bengalensis per fish. Primary stress response and biochemical profiles of the host were evaluated to underscore the pathogenicity of the parasites. Significant alterations in biochemical parameters were monitored at four different post-infestation time points: days 1, 3, 6 and 9. The overall increasing trends of both plasma cortisol and plasma epinephrine indicate parasite-induced primary stress response among experimental fish. The study revealed a hyperglycaemic trend throughout the infestation period, which has been correlated with hypoxia-associated glycogenolysis. Decreasing level of plasma cholesterol has also been correlated with the development of anaemia and subsequent hypoxia among the infested fish. Plasma protein of the experimental fish initially increases as an outcome of the immediate innate immune response against Argulus infestation, whereas the decrease in plasma protein at the later period of infestation results from less-dietary protein intake due to loss of appetite, reduced digestibility and metabolic proteolysis. Plasma Na+ concentration showed an overall decreasing trend throughout the infestation period, which may be due to excess production of catecholamine under stress. Nonetheless, plasma K+ concentration showed an increasing trend up to day 6 of infestation, and thereafter the value declined to the control level. Plasma ionic imbalances reflect changes in cell permeability under tissue hypoxia and the wounds produced on the skin for intensive feeding activity of the parasites. Both serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities were significantly elevated throughout the infestation period, which indicates excess synthesis or release of those enzymes from the damaged cells of the tissues. Activities of some renal, hepatic and branchial antioxidant enzymes, viz., superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase, increased in the infested fish. The fact is explained as an effort of the fish for gaining adaptive adjustment to neutralize the oxidative stress generated under the parasitic stress. The overall experimental result points towards the generation of potential stress upon host fish by this branchiuran parasite. The biochemical alterations of the fish under argulosis are centred around the two stress-sensitive hormones, cortisol and epinephrine. The outcome of the study will be the important physiological determinants in adopting a suitable control measure as well as assessing the nutritional value of the fish under diseased condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netri Datta
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, India
| | - Pradip K Kar
- Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, India
| | - Samar K Saha
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, India
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Chebbi M, Beltifa A, Alibi S, Di Bella G, Loturco V, Sire O, Ben Mansour H, Le Tilly V. Estrogenic hazards of short chain phthalates and bisphenols found in cosmetic products. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:252-263. [PMID: 32475154 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1749573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For several years, environmental exogenous agents, called endocrine disruptors, are suspected to interfere with the essential functions of reproduction and development in many living organisms. In this study, endocrine disruptors including five phthalates and two bisphenols contents in finished products were assayed and their estrogenic activity were measured by using the Yeast Estrogen Screen system with respect to human and trout estrogen receptors hERα and rtERS. Independently of the estrogen receptor, only short-chain phthalates (DBP and BBP) and the two bisphenols exhibited an estrogenic activity. Besides, the risk of three end-products (agro-food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical) was evaluated before and after forced aging. Only two cosmetics the face cream and the perfume presented a hazard which increases with aging. These results are consistent with the compounds identified by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These findings confirmed that the YES system can be routinely used to evaluate the estrogenic hazards within finished products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Chebbi
- IRDL UMR 6027, Université Bretagne Sud, 56000 Vannes, France
| | - Asma Beltifa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle ImmaginiMorfologiche e Funzionali. University of Messina, Italy
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to Environmental -APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia - University of Monastir Tunisia
| | - Sana Alibi
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to Environmental -APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia - University of Monastir Tunisia
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle ImmaginiMorfologiche e Funzionali. University of Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Loturco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle ImmaginiMorfologiche e Funzionali. University of Messina, Italy
| | - Olivier Sire
- IRDL UMR 6027, Université Bretagne Sud, 56000 Vannes, France
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to Environmental -APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia - University of Monastir Tunisia
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He Y, Lin W, Shi C, Li R, Mu C, Wang C, Ye Y. Accumulation, detoxification, and toxicity of dibutyl phthalate in the swimming crab. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133183. [PMID: 34883125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most commonly used and toxic phthalate esters and has a variety of harmful effects on aquatic animals. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the accumulation, detoxification, and toxicity of DBP in aquatic animals. In this study, we chose the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus, an ecologically and economically important species, as the model and investigated the metabolism of DBP and its effects on the detoxification, antioxidation, survival and growth of the crab juveniles to better understand DBP-triggered molecular response over different time courses. As a result, DBP could be accumulated in the swimming crab in a concentration-dependent manner and metabolized to monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and phthalic acid (PA) through de-esterification. DBP exposure induced the different responses of three cytochrome P450 members and antioxidant enzyme genes, enhanced gene transcript and protein levels of glutathione-S-transferase and two heat stress proteins and malondialdehyde accumulation, decreased glutathione level, and inhibited antioxidant enzyme activities. Further, no significant effect of DBP was observed in crab survival, size, and weight but there was molting retardation. Therefore, DBP induced strong detoxification and antioxidative defense mechanisms to overcome detrimental effects of DBP on the swimming crab juveniles despite a molting retardation as a trade-off in fitness costs. The prevalent coexistence of DBP with MBP and PA during the whole exposure period is raising concerns on the combined action and ecological risk to aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Weichuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| | - Ronghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315832, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315832, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Yangfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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19
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Bakhshizadeh Aghdam M, Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction based on carbonized cellulose-ferromagnetic nanocomposite for screening phthalate esters in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462756. [PMID: 34954530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a sorbent of the carbonized cellulose-ferromagnetic nanocomposite has been proposed for the magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction of some plasticizers in aqueous samples. Carbonized cellulose nanoparticles were prepared by treatment of cellulose filter paper with concentrated sulfuric acid and then loaded on Fe3O4 nanoparticles using coprecipitation. This sorbent is compatible with aqueous samples and can be considered as a viable sorbent for extraction of plasticizers from aqueous samples. In this study, magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction is followed by a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method. This combination makes the proposed approach as an efficient clean-up method with high enrichment factors for the selected analytes. The enriched analytes are monitored by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. Parameters affecting the method efficiency were investigated in details. Under the optimized extraction conditions, limits of detection could reach up to of 0.15-0.50 µg L-1. The satisfactory enrichment factors of 286-403 were obtained, and the extraction recoveries were found to be in the range of 57-80%. Relative standard deviations were in the range of 3-7% for intra-day and inter-day precisions for six replicate extractions at 25 µg L-1 of each plasticizer. Calibration curves were linear in wide ranges with coefficients of determination ≥ 0.995. Eventually, efficiency of the prepared sorbent was confirmed by the extraction of some plasticizers from real samples including fruit juices, mineral water, injection solution, cola, and yoghourt drink packed in plastic containers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Mersin 10, Nicosia, North Cyprus 99138, Turkey.
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Chi Z, Liu J, Tan S, Lin H, Wu W, Li W. Revealing the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) to the oxygen-carrying function of red blood cells (RBCs): The iron release mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128017. [PMID: 32841881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs), as typical hormone pollutants, do harms to human health after enrichment over a long term exposure, causing the loss of oxygen-carrying function of red blood cells (RBCs). This study has investigated the mechanism for the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) on the oxygen-carrying function of RBCs by measuring the iron release content of hemoglobin (Hb) in vivo and in vitro. The hematologic examination showed that the high dose of DMP at 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced the Hb content and increased the granulocyte content, whereas such toxicity was not relatively observed at a low (50 mg/kg) or a medium (250 mg/kg) dose of DMP. The in vitro experiments showed that DMP, incubated with RBCs, increased the iron release content as a function of DMP concentration. Interestingly, such a phenomenon was not observed when DMP was incubated with Hb alone, indicating that the release of hemoglobin iron could not directly caused by the combination of DMP and hemoglobin. The in vivo experiments indicated that DMP induced iron release and oxidative stress for rat RBCs. Moreover, vitamin C and E was found to reduce the level of iron release by recovering erythrocytes from the oxidative stress induced by DMP. This work has revealed that the oxidative stress induced by DMP, causing the release of Hb iron from RBCs, is the reason for the toxicity of DMP to the oxygen-carrying function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Chi
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Weihai, 264209, PR China.
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Hongwei Lin
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Weilin Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Weihai, 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Weiguo Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Weihai, 264209, PR China
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Ghayyur S, Khan MF, Tabassum S, Ahmad MS, Sajid M, Badshah K, Khan MA, Saira, Ghayyur S, Khan NA, Ahmad B, Qamer S. A comparative study on the effects of selected pesticides on hemato-biochemistry and tissue histology of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822). Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:603-611. [PMID: 33424346 PMCID: PMC7783810 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the comparative effects of pesticides Chlorfenapyr, Dimethoate and Acetamiprid on the health of Cirrhinus mrigala under long term exposure. Eighty C. mrigala were divided in four equal groups; one control and three treated groups. The blood was collected from both control and treated groups at intervals of 10th, 20th and 30th days for hemato-biochemistry and histopathological alterations. The result indicates significant difference (P < 0.05) in RBCs, Hb, PCV and MCHC whereas elevation in WBCs and Platelets counts were recorded. In 10th day sampling, MCV value of Dimethoate and Acetamiprid treatment had no difference in comparison with the control group, however it is significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rest of sampling. The MCH value of exposed fish showed significant increased (P < 0.05) after 20th and 30th days for Chlorfenapyr and after 30th days for Acetamiprid exposure while insignificantly increased for rest of sampling. It was also found that these pesticides significantly decrease (p < 0.05) the T3 and T4 levels while increase in the TSH, cortical, ALP, AST, ALT and LDH levels in the serum of the treated fishes in contrast to control group. Similarly, histopathological analysis of gills and liver showed significant alterations in all the treated groups. Toxicity trends of these pesticides was ranked as Chlorfenapyr > Acetamiprid > Dimethoate. It is concluded that indiscriminate use of such pesticides poses a noxious threat to non-target organisms, harm the ecosystems and jeopardizes human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehzad Ghayyur
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Sadia Tabassum
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Khandil Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College Haripur, Pakistan
| | | | - Saira
- Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Shahryar Ghayyur
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Samina Qamer
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ramesh M, Angitha S, Haritha S, Poopal RK, Ren Z, Umamaheswari S. Organophosphorus flame retardant induced hepatotoxicity and brain AChE inhibition on zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 82:106919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Rodrigues K, Batista-Silva H, Sousa de Moura KR, Van Der Kraak G, Mena Barreto Silva FR. Dibutyl phthalate rapidly alters calcium homeostasis in the gills of Danio rerio. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127408. [PMID: 32782161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impacts of exposure to an environment Ca2+ challenge and the mechanism of action of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on Ca2+ influx in the gills of Danio rerio. In vitro profile of 45Ca2+ influx in gills was verified through the basal time-course. Fish were exposed to low, normal and high Ca2+ concentrations (0.02, 0.7 and 2 mM) for 12 h. So, gills were morphologically analysed and ex vivo45Ca2+ influx at 30 and 60 min was determined. For the in vitro studies, gills were treated for 60 min with DBP (1 pM, 1 nM and 1 μM) with/without blockers/activators of ionic channels, Ca2+ chelator, inhibitors of ATPases, ionic exchangers and protein kinase C to study the mechanism of DBP-induced 45Ca2+ influx. Exposure to high environmental Ca2+ augmented 45Ca2+ influx when compared to fish exposed to normal and low Ca2+ concentrations. Additionally, histopathological changes were observed in the gills of fish maintained for 12 h in low and high Ca2+. In vitro exposure of gills to DBP (1 pM) disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis. DBP stimulated 45Ca2+ influx in gills through the transitory receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and reverse-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) activation, protein kinase C and K+ channels and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). These data suggest that in vivo short-term exposure of gills to low and high Ca2+ leads to 45Ca2+ influx and histopathological changes. Additionally, the DBP-induced rapid 45Ca2+ influx is mediated by TRPV1, NCX activation with the involvement of PKC, K+-channels and SERCA, thereby altering Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyla Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Hemily Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Poopal RK, Zhang J, Zhao R, Ramesh M, Ren Z. Biochemical and behavior effects induced by diheptyl phthalate (DHpP) and Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) exposed to zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126498. [PMID: 32197170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Both Diheptyl-phthalate (DHpP) and Diisodecyl-phthalate (DIDP) were used extensively as plasticizers. Recently, their occurrence in the environmental matrices and human body fluids have been reported. Unfortunately, these phthalate congeners are without basic toxicity profiles. Hence, we studied the toxic effects of both DHpP and DIDP in the median lethal concentration (LC50 96-h) on zebrafish (Danio rerio). We assessed swimming behavior strength and tissues biomarker responses including total antioxidants capacity (TAOC), transaminases, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Fish exposed to phthalate congeners (Treatment-I and-II) for 15-days showed alterations on fish swimming behavior and circadian rhythm. At the end of the exposure period, both liver and heart tissue transaminases activities were found to be accelerated in DHpP and DIDP treated fish, when compared to control group. TAOC and AChE activities were found to be decreased in brain, gills, intestine, and muscle tissues of phthalate congeners treated fish than the control group. Alterations observed in the studied biomarkers were concentration-based response. Among treatment groups DHpP showed higher effects. Comparative studies on swimming behavior and biochemical activities were reasonable to know the swimming responses are mediated due to external stress or internal stress. More studies on molecular and biomarkers assessments are warranted on toxicity of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama-Krishnan Poopal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250358, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250358, China
| | - Ruibin Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250358, China
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250358, China.
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Li S, Chi Z, Li W. In vitro toxicity of dimethyl phthalate to human erythrocytes: From the aspects of antioxidant and immune functions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:239-245. [PMID: 31319240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the study, the effects of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) on the antioxidant defense capacity and immune functions of human erythrocytes were experimentally explored. DMP affected the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and the contents of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in erythrocytes, thus impairing the function of antioxidant defense system of erythrocytes. When DMP concentration increased from 0 to 28 μmol L-1, the SOD and GPX activities were increased firstly and then gradually decreased. When DMP concentration was below 20 μmol L-1, the relative activity of SOD was enhanced by DMP and the effect was known as hormesis. The relative activity of GPX was also increased when the concentration of DMP was below 12 μmol L-1. The CAT activity was more significantly inhibited by DMP than the activities of SOD and GPX, whereas the relative GSH content was increased by DMP. MDA levels were significantly changed after the exposure to DMP (0-24 μmol L-1). The experimental results of the activity of SOD and CAT, and the content of MDA also suggested that DMP could inhibit the immune functions of red blood cells (RBCs), which were further proved by the decrease of two indicators (RBC-C3b and RBC-IC) due to the destruction of C3b receptor with immune adherence function on erythrocyte membrane. The study provides a deep understanding of the toxicity of DMP on erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 2(#) Wenhua West Road, Weihai 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Chi
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 2(#) Wenhua West Road, Weihai 264209, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Weiguo Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 2(#) Wenhua West Road, Weihai 264209, PR China
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26
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Hemalatha D, Nataraj B, Rangasamy B, Shobana C, Ramesh M. DNA damage and physiological responses in an Indian major carp Labeo rohita exposed to an antimicrobial agent triclosan. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1463-1484. [PMID: 31222661 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of triclosan (TCS) in an Indian major carp Labeo rohita. The 96-h LC50 value of triclosan to L. rohita was found to be 0.39 mg L-1. Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.039 mg L-1, treatment I and 0.078 mg L-1, treatment II) of TCS for 35 days, and certain hematobiochemical, antioxidant, histopathological responses were measured. Compared to the control group, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the values and genotoxicity of hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and erythrocyte (RBC) in TCS-exposed fish, but the values of leucocyte count (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were found to be increased. A biphasic response in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) value was observed during the study period (35 days). Significant (p < 0.05) alterations in plasma biochemical parameters (glucose and protein), electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl-), and transaminases (GOT and GPT) were observed in fish treated with TCS in both treatments. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity was found to be decreased in fish treated with TCS in both treatments. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant index levels have also fluctuated in all the tissues (gill, liver, and kidney). The histological lesions were comparatively more severe in the gill than the liver and kidney. Comet assay showed DNA damage on exposure at two sublethal concentrations. The present results suggest that TCS is highly toxic to fish even at sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Hemalatha
- Department of Zoology, PSG Arts and Science College, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Basuvannan Rangasamy
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, PSG Arts and Science College, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India.
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Response of antioxidants to semisynthetic bacteriostatic antibiotic (erythromycin) concentrations: A study on freshwater fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Umamaheswari S, Renuka SS, Ramesh M, Poopal RK. Chronic amoxicillin exposure affects Labeo rohita: assessment of hematological, ionic compounds, biochemical, and enzymological activities. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01434. [PMID: 31008385 PMCID: PMC6458497 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Labeo rohita were exposed to amoxicillin at a concentration of 1 mg/L (Treatment -I) and 0.5 mg/L (Treatment-II) for a period of 35 days. Numerous alterations were found in amoxicillin treatment groups when compared to the control group. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and erythrocytes (RBCs) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Leukocytes (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. In the plasma and gill tissues, ionic compounds (sodium, potassium, and chloride) levels were significantly declined throughout the treatment period. The plasma biochemical profiles were significantly altered: glucose level remained low (except at the end of 7th day in Treatment -I) till 35 days of the treatment period. Biphasic trend occurred in the protein level, significant increase was observed on 7th and 28th day (Treatment -I and -II), and 35th day (Treatment -I), and in remaining days its level was found to be decreased. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity in the plasma was inhibited significantly, whereas in the gill, liver, and kidney tissues the enzyme activity was elevated. Plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity was inhibited throughout the study period. GPT activity in the gill was found to be elevated during the treatment period. Liver GPT activity was elevated in all the treatments except 28th (Treatment-I) and 35th day (Treatment-I, and II). GPT activity in the kidney was elevated (except 14th day in Treatment-II). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was inhibited in plasma (except 14th day in Treatment-II), gill, liver (except 7th day in Treatment-I), and kidney tissues significantly (P < 0.05). The present study emphasizes that amoxicillin at 1 and 0.5 mg/L concentrations affects the hematological/biochemical/electrolytes/enzymological parameters of fish and these biomarkers serve as an effective test system for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathisaran Umamaheswari
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Siva Shankar Renuka
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Rama-Krishnan Poopal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
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Renuka S, Poopal RK, Ramesh M, Clara-Bindu F. Responses of Labeo rohita fingerlings to N-acetyl-p-aminophenol toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:73-80. [PMID: 29605646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The short term (96 h) toxicity of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (0.58 mg/L - Treatment I and 0.29 mg/L - Treatment II) on certain health indicators (haematology, biochemical, and enzymology) of an Indian major carp Labeo rohita was studied. When compared to control, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol treated fish showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), and erythrocyte (RBC) levels throughout the study period. Whereas, a significant (P < 0.05) increase were noted in leucocyte (WBC) counts (except 48 h in Treatment-I), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values (except 24 h in Treatment-I). Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values were found to be decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in fish exposed to 0.58 mg/L of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, whereas in 0.29 mg/L exposed fish the values were found to be increased significantly (P < 0.05) (except 72 h). A significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma glucose levels was noticed in fish exposed to 0.58 mg/L of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (except 96 h). However, a biphasic trend in plasma glucose level was observed at 0.29 mg/L of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol exposed fish. Protein levels were found to be increased in both the treatments except at the end of 48 and 96 h in 0.58 and 0.29 mg/L, respectively. In both the treatments fluctuations of enzyme (GOT, GPT, and LDH) activities in gill and liver were also noted. However, these enzyme activities found to be significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in kidney and plasma of fish. From the result we conclude that the drug N-acetyl-p-aminophenol upon short term exposure could pose a risk to fish and the alteration of these parameters can be used to ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivashankar Renuka
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Rama Krishnan Poopal
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Frederick Clara-Bindu
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TamilNadu, India
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Shobana C, Rangasamy B, Poopal RK, Renuka S, Ramesh M. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Piper nigrum: tissue-specific bioaccumulation, histopathology, and oxidative stress responses in Indian major carp Labeo rohita. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11812-11832. [PMID: 29446018 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation is to assess the sublethal toxicity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in Indian major carp Labeo rohita. Ag NPs used in the study were synthesized by using AgNO3 with aqueous leaf extract of Piper nigrum. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of synthesized Ag NPs was determined for 96 h (25 μg/L); 2.5 μg/L (1/10th LC50) and 5 μg/L (1/5th LC50) were taken as sublethal concentrations to evaluate the toxicity for 35 days. The results of the TEM, SEM, and EDX analyses revealed that Ag NPs were considerably accumulated in the gill, liver, and kidney of fish at both concentrations (2.5 and 5 μg/L). Consequently, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, SOD and CAT, was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the gill, liver, and kidney when compared to the control group during the study period. However, lipid peroxidase (LPO) activity in the gill, liver, and kidney was significantly (P < 0.05) increased, and the result concluded a possible sign of free radical-induced oxidative stress in Ag NP-exposed fish than the sham-exposed individuals. The histopathological study also confirmed the alterations such as degeneration of lamella, lifting of lamellar epithelium, hepatic necrosis, pyknotic nuclei, increased intracellular space, and shrinkage of glomerulus elicited by Ag NPs in the gill, liver, and kidney of Labeo rohita with two different concentrations. The findings of the present study revealed that green synthesis of Ag NPs from Piper nigrum at sublethal concentrations leads to accumulation of Ag, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in the target organs of the fish, Labeo rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chellappan Shobana
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Basuvannan Rangasamy
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Rama Krishnan Poopal
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
- Environmental Toxicology and Toxicogenomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Sivashankar Renuka
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India.
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31
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Babu-Rajendran R, Preethi G, Poopal RK, Nikhil NP, Vimalkumar K, Subramanian A, Krishna-Kumar S. GC–MS determination of phthalate esters in human urine: A potential biomarker for phthalate bio-monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1079:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Zhang H, Hua Y, Chen J, Li X, Bai X, Wang H. Organism-derived phthalate derivatives as bioactive natural products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 36:125-144. [PMID: 30444179 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2018.1490512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used in polymer materials as a plasticizer. These compounds possess potent toxic variations depending on their chemical structures. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that phthalate compounds are undoubtedly discovered in secondary metabolites of organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms. This review firstly summarizes biological sources of various phthalates and their bioactivities reported during the past few decades as well as their environmental toxicities and public health risks. It suggests that these organisms are one of important sources of natural phthalates with diverse profiles of bioactivity and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zhang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yi Hua
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiuting Li
- b Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Xuelian Bai
- c College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Hong Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
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