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Hu Z, Yang S. Endohedral metallofullerene molecular nanomagnets. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2863-2897. [PMID: 38324027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic lanthanide (Ln) metal complexes exhibiting magnetic bistability can behave as molecular nanomagnets, also known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), suitable for storing magnetic information at the molecular level, thus attracting extensive interest in the quest for high-density information storage and quantum information technologies. Upon encapsulating Ln ion(s) into fullerene cages, endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have been proven as a promising and versatile platform to realize chemically robust SMMs, in which the magnetic properties are able to be readily tailored by altering the configurations of the encapsulated species and the host cages. In this review, we present critical discussions on the molecular structures and magnetic characterizations of EMF-SMMs, with the focus on their peculiar molecular and electronic structures and on the intriguing molecular magnetism arising from such structural uniqueness. In this context, different families of magnetic EMFs are summarized, including mononuclear EMF-SMMs wherein single-ion anisotropy is decisive, dinuclear clusterfullerenes whose magnetism is governed by intramolecular magnetic interaction, and radical-bridged dimetallic EMFs with high-spin ground states that arise from the strong ferromagnetic coupling. We then discuss how molecular assemblies of SMMs can be constructed, in a way that the original SMM behavior is either retained or altered in a controlled manner, thanks to the chemical robustness of EMFs. Finally, on the basis of understanding the structure-magnetic property correlation, we propose design strategies for high-performance EMF-SMMs by engineering ligand fields, electronic structures, magnetic interactions, and molecular vibrations that can couple to the spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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2
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Yang W, Rosenkranz M, Velkos G, Ziegs F, Dubrovin V, Schiemenz S, Spree L, de Souza Barbosa MF, Guillemard C, Valvidares M, Büchner B, Liu F, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Covalency versus magnetic axiality in Nd molecular magnets: Nd-photoluminescence, strong ligand-field, and unprecedented nephelauxetic effect in fullerenes NdM 2N@C 80 (M = Sc, Lu, Y). Chem Sci 2024; 15:2141-2157. [PMID: 38332818 PMCID: PMC10848757 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nd-based nitride clusterfullerenes NdM2N@C80 with rare-earth metals of different sizes (M = Sc, Y, Lu) were synthesized to elucidate the influence of the cluster composition, shape and internal strain on the structural and magnetic properties. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a very short Nd-N bond length in NdSc2N@C80. For Lu and Y analogs, the further shortening of the Nd-N bond and pyramidalization of the NdM2N cluster are predicted by DFT calculations as a result of the increased cluster size and a strain caused by the limited size of the fullerene cage. The short distance between Nd and nitride ions leads to a very large ligand-field splitting of Nd3+ of 1100-1200 cm-1, while the variation of the NdM2N cluster composition and concomitant internal strain results in the noticeable modulation of the splitting, which could be directly assessed from the well-resolved fine structure in the Nd-based photoluminescence spectra of NdM2N@C80 clusterfullerenes. Photoluminescence measurements also revealed an unprecedentedly strong nephelauxetic effect, pointing to a high degree of covalency. The latter appears detrimental to the magnetic axiality despite the strong ligand field. As a result, the ground magnetic state has considerable transversal components of the pseudospin g-tensor, and the slow magnetic relaxation of NdSc2N@C80 could be observed by AC magnetometry only in the presence of a magnetic field. A combination of the well-resolved magneto-optical states and slow relaxation of magnetization suggests that Nd clusterfullerenes can be useful building blocks for magneto-photonic quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
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3
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Abdulla HM, Gangwar P, Sajith PK, Ramachandran CN. Probing the Interaction of NO with C 60: Comparison between Endohedral and Exohedral Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3598-3607. [PMID: 37051864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in synthetic methodologies have opened new strategies for synthesizing stable metal-free electron spin systems based on fullerenes. Introducing nitric oxide (NO) inside a fullerene cage is one of the methods to attain this goal. In the present study, dispersion corrected density functional theory (B3LYP-D3) has been used to evaluate the structure, stability, and electronic properties of NO encapsulated fullerene NO@C60 and compared those with its exohedral fullerene NO.C60 analog. The calculated stabilization energy for NO@C60 is appreciably higher than NO.C60, and this difference is comprehended via the Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) topological analyses. The delocalization of electron density of NO and the C60 cage in NO@C60 is discussed using electrostatic potential analysis. In addition, an attempt has been made to understand the different locations and orientations involving the interaction of two NO radicals and the fullerene C60. It is shown that the encapsulation of the NO dimer inside the C60 cage is an energetically unfavorable process. On the other hand, stable structures are obtained upon the physisorption of other NO on the surface of NO@C60 and NO.C60. The present work provides an in-depth understanding of the interaction of NO and C60 fullerene, its preferable position, and its orientation in both endohedral and exohedral complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peaush Gangwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Pookkottu K Sajith
- Department of Chemistry, Farook College, Kozhikode, Kerala 673632, India
| | - C N Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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4
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Shen Y, Qu TB, Zhang XY, Chen FY, Liu BQ, Zhang JW. Six nickel-lanthanoid heterometallic complexes based on 2,5-dichlorobenzoate and phen: Syntheses, structures and magnetic properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ito S, Nakanishi R, Katoh K, Breedlove BK, Sato T, Li ZY, Horii Y, Wakizaka M, Yamashita M. Comparison between DySc 2N@C 80 and Dy 2ScN@C 80 single-molecule magnetic metallofullerenes encapsulated in single-wall carbon nanotubes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6339-6344. [PMID: 35383810 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00524g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of a metallofullerene single-molecule magnet, Dy2ScN@C80, into single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) accelerates magnetic relaxation processes. In contrast, encapsulation of DySc2N@C80 suppresses them. The effects of the encapsulation are discussed in terms of intermolecular magnetic interactions and charge transfer among metallofullerenes and SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Ryo Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Katoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Brian K Breedlove
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Tetsu Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yoji Horii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara 6308506, Japan.
| | - Masanori Wakizaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Moseley IP, Ard CP, DiVerdi JA, Ozarowski A, Chen H, Zadrozny JM. Slowing magnetic relaxation with open-shell diluents. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2022; 3:100802. [PMID: 35425929 PMCID: PMC9007552 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for slowing magnetic relaxation via local environmental design are vital for developing next-generation spin-based technologies (e.g., quantum information processing). Herein, we demonstrate a technique to do so via chemical design of a local magnetic environment. We show that embedding the open-shell complex (Ph4P)2[Co(SPh)4] in solid-state matrices of the isostructural, open-shell species (Ph4P)2[M(SPh)4] (M = Ni2+, S = 1; M = Fe2+, S = 2; M = Mn2+, S = 5 2 ) will slow magnetic relaxation for the embedded [Co(SPh)4]2- ion by three orders of magnitude. Magnetometry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and computational analyses reveal that integer spin and large, positive zero-field splitting (D) values for the diluent produce a quiet, local magnetic field that slows relaxation rates for the embedded Co molecules. These results will enable the investigation of magnetic systems for which strictly diamagnetic congeners are either synthetically inaccessible or are not isostructural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P. Moseley
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Christopher P. Ard
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Joseph A. DiVerdi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Joseph M. Zadrozny
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Lead contact
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Wu X, Li J, Yin B. The interpretation and prediction of lanthanide single-ion magnet from ab initio electronic structure calculation: The capability and limit. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14793-14816. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01507b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnet (SMM) is a fascinating system holding the potential of being revolutionary micro-electronic device in information technology. However current SMMs are still far away from real-life application due to...
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Yang W, Velkos G, Sudarkova S, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Liu F, Popov AA, Chen N. Carbon cage isomers and magnetic Dy⋯Dy interactions in Dy 2O@C 88 and Dy 2C 2@C 88 metallofullerenes. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01796b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isomers of Dy2O@C88 and Dy2C2@C88 show a strong variation in the type and strength of Dy⋯Dy superexchange interactions and magnetization relaxation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Svetlana Sudarkova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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Pykhova AD, Semivrazhskaya OO, Samoylova NA, Popov AA, Ioffe IN, Goryunkov AA. Regioselective CF 2 functionalization of Sc 3N@ D3h(5)-C 78. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1182-1190. [PMID: 34951436 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first synthesis and computational study of Sc3N@C78(CF2) - an analog of the previously reported Sc3N@C80(CF2) with a less common carbon cage whose chemical properties presently remain far less studied. Sc3N@C78 appears to be considerably more reactive toward CF2 addition than Sc3N@C80 and somewhat more reactive than C60. Even though the less symmetric D3h(5)-C78 carbon cage offers far broader opportunities for isomerism than Ih-C80, CF2 addition to Sc3N@C78 proceeds regioselectively, similarly to other common fullerene reactions. A DFT survey of the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of CF2 addition demonstrates that the regioselectivity is controlled kinetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia D Pykhova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olesya O Semivrazhskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nataliya A Samoylova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ilya N Ioffe
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Goryunkov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Wang Y, Velkos G, Israel NJ, Rosenkranz M, Büchner B, Liu F, Popov AA. Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation of Dimetallofullerene Anions en Route to Air-Stable Single-Molecule Magnets with High Blocking Temperature of Magnetization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18139-18149. [PMID: 34669376 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide dimetallofullerenes with single-electron M-M bonds are an important class of single molecular magnets and qubit candidates, but stabilization of their unique electronic and spin structure in the form of a neutral molecule requires functionalization of the fullerene cage with a single radical group. The lack of selectivity of the currently available procedure results in a complicated and tedious separation process. Here we demonstrate that electrophilic trifluoromethylation of a mixture of metallofullerene anions with Umemoto reagent II is highly selective toward M2@C80- (M = Tb, Y) anions, yielding M2@C80(CF3) monoadducts as the main reaction product. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study proved attachment of the CF3 group to the pentagon/hexagon/hexagon junction and revealed that positions of metal atoms inside the fullerene cage in the cocrystal with NiOEP are strongly related to the position of the porphyrin moieties. Magnetic characterization of Tb2@C80(CF3) showed that it is a robust single-molecule magnet with broad magnetic hysteresis, 100 s blocking temperature of 25 K, and the relaxation barrier of 801(4) K, corresponding to the flipping of the Tb magnetic moment in the strongly ferromagnetically coupled [Tb3+-e-Tb3+] spin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Noel Jens Israel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Chen C, Spree L, Koutsouflakis E, Krylov DS, Liu F, Brandenburg A, Velkos G, Schimmel S, Avdoshenko SM, Fedorov A, Weschke E, Choueikani F, Ohresser P, Dreiser J, Büchner B, Popov AA. Magnetic Hysteresis at 10 K in Single Molecule Magnet Self-Assembled on Gold. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2000777. [PMID: 33717832 PMCID: PMC7927621 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in the development of single molecule magnets (SMMs) raises the question of their device integration. On this route, understanding the properties of low-dimensional assemblies of SMMs, in particular in contact with electrodes, is a necessary but difficult step. Here, it is shown that fullerene SMM self-assembled on metal substrate from solution retains magnetic hysteresis up to 10 K. Fullerene-SMM DySc2N@C80 and Dy2ScN@C80 are derivatized to introduce a thioacetate group, which is used to graft SMMs on gold. Magnetic properties of grafted SMMs are studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and compared to the films of nonderivatized fullerenes prepared by sublimation. In self-assembled films, the magnetic moments of the Dy ions are preferentially aligned parallel to the surface, which is different from the disordered orientation of endohedral clusters in nonfunctionalized fullerenes. Whereas chemical derivatization reduces the blocking temperature of magnetization and narrows the hysteresis of Dy2ScN@C80, for DySc2N@C80 equally broad hysteresis is observed as in the fullerene multilayer. Magnetic bistability in the DySc2N@C80 grafted on gold is sustained up to 10 K. This study demonstrates that self-assembly of fullerene-SMM derivatives offers a facile solution-based procedure for the preparation of functional magnetic sub-monolayers with excellent SMM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
- Department of Medicinal and Applied ChemistryKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung807Taiwan
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
| | - Emmanouil Koutsouflakis
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul03760Republic of Korea
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
| | - Ariane Brandenburg
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
| | - Sebastian Schimmel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
| | - Alexander Fedorov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieWilhelm‐Conrad‐Röntgen‐Campus BESSY IIAlbert‐Einstein‐Strasse 15BerlinD‐12489Germany
| | - Eugen Weschke
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieWilhelm‐Conrad‐Röntgen‐Campus BESSY IIAlbert‐Einstein‐Strasse 15BerlinD‐12489Germany
| | - Fadi Choueikani
- Synchrotron SOLEILL'Orme des MerisiersSaint‐Aubin, BP 48Gif‐sur‐Yvette91192France
| | - Philippe Ohresser
- Synchrotron SOLEILL'Orme des MerisiersSaint‐Aubin, BP 48Gif‐sur‐Yvette91192France
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light SourcePaul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSICH‐5232Switzerland
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 20Dresden01069Germany
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Yin B, Luo L. The anisotropy of the internal magnetic field on the central ion is capable of imposing great impact on the quantum tunneling of magnetization of Kramers single-ion magnets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3093-3105. [PMID: 33491709 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05470d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a theoretical method, taking into account the anisotropy of the internal magnetic field (B[combining right harpoon above]int), is proposed to predict the rate of quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM), i.e., τQTM-1, for Kramers single-ion magnets (SIMs). Direct comparison to both experimental and previous theoretical results of three typical Kramers SIMs indicates the necessity of the inclusion of the anisotropy of B[combining right harpoon above]int for accurate description of QTM. The predictions of the method here are consistent with the theory proposed by Prokof'ev and Stamp (PS). For Kramers SIMs of high magnetic axiality, the QTM rates, predicted by the method here, are almost linearly proportional to the results by the PS method. The dependence of τQTM-1 on various parameters is analyzed for model systems. The averaged magnitude of B[combining right harpoon above]int (Bave) and principal g value of the axial direction (gZ) are the parameters on which τQTM-1 is linearly dependent. The ones on which τQTM-1 is quadratically dependent are gXY, i.e., the principal g value of the transversal direction, and xaniso characterizing the anisotropy of B[combining right harpoon above]int. Compared to Bave and gZ, gXY and xaniso provide a higher order of dependence for QTM. Therefore regulation of the SMM property via introduction of desired values of gXY and xaniso ought to be a strategy more efficient than the one via Bave and gZ. Being different from the one via gXY, the strategy via xaniso to regulate the QTM has been rarely touched upon according to our best knowledge. However, this strategy could also lead to significant improvement since it is the same as gXY in the aspect of the dependence of τQTM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Lan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China.
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14
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Wang J, Li Q, Wu S, Chen Y, Wan R, Huang G, Liu Y, Liu J, Reta D, Giansiracusa MJ, Wang Z, Chilton NF, Tong M. Opening Magnetic Hysteresis by Axial Ferromagnetic Coupling: From Mono‐Decker to Double‐Decker Metallacrown. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Quan‐Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Si‐Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Rui‐Chen Wan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Zhang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Daniel Reta
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | | | - Zhen‐Xing Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ming‐Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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15
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Wang J, Li QW, Wu SG, Chen YC, Wan RC, Huang GZ, Liu Y, Liu JL, Reta D, Giansiracusa MJ, Wang ZX, Chilton NF, Tong ML. Opening Magnetic Hysteresis by Axial Ferromagnetic Coupling: From Mono-Decker to Double-Decker Metallacrown. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5299-5306. [PMID: 33216437 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Combining Ising-type magnetic anisotropy with collinear magnetic interactions in single-molecule magnets (SMMs) is a significant synthetic challenge. Herein we report a Dy[15-MCCu -5] (1-Dy) SMM, where a DyIII ion is held in a central pseudo-D5h pocket of a rigid and planar Cu5 metallacrown (MC). Linking two Dy[15-MCCu -5] units with a single hydroxide bridge yields the double-decker {Dy[15-MCCu -5]}2 (2-Dy) SMM where the anisotropy axes of the two DyIII ions are nearly collinear, resulting in magnetic relaxation times for 2-Dy that are approximately 200 000 times slower at 2 K than for 1-Dy in zero external field. Whereas 1-Dy and the YIII -diluted Dy@2-Y analogue do not show remanence in magnetic hysteresis experiments, the hysteresis data for 2-Dy remain open up to 6 K without a sudden drop at zero field. In conjunction with theoretical calculations, these results demonstrate that the axial ferromagnetic Dy-Dy coupling suppresses fast quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM). The relaxation profiles of both complexes curiously exhibit three distinct exponential regimes, and hold the largest effective energy barriers for any reported d-f SMMs up to 625 cm-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Si-Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Chen Wan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Zhang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Daniel Reta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Marcus J Giansiracusa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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16
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Gil Y, Fuentealba P, Vega A, Spodine E, Aravena D. Control of magnetic anisotropy by macrocyclic ligand distortion in a family of Dy III and Er III single molecule magnets. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17709-17718. [PMID: 33237049 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03370g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A family of hexaazamacrocyclic lanthanide complexes, [Ln(Ln)(NCS)3] (LnIII = Dy, Er; n = 1-3) has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements and ab initio calculations. Macrocyclic ligands (Ln) differ in the lateral spacers, which are aliphatic chains with two and three carbons (for Ln, n = 1 and 2, respectively), and an aromatic ring for Ln = 3. Modification of the macrocycle spacer tunes planarity and rigidity of the equatorial coordination for both oblate (Dy) and prolate (Er) lanthanide ions. Ac-susceptibility studies showed that four of the six complexes are field induced single molecule magnets (SMMs). Trends in magnetic relaxation properties are rationalized with the aid of ab initio multireference calculations, highlighting the combined influence of macrocycle planarity, lanthanide electronic density distribution and intermolecular interactions for the achievement of slow demagnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolimar Gil
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile.
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17
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Cai W, Bocarsly JD, Gomez A, Letona Lee RJ, Metta-Magaña A, Seshadri R, Echegoyen L. High blocking temperatures for DyScS endohedral fullerene single-molecule magnets. Chem Sci 2020; 11:13129-13136. [PMID: 34094494 PMCID: PMC8163201 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dy-based single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are of great interest due to their ability to exhibit very large thermal barriers to relaxation and therefore high blocking temperatures. One interesting line of investigation is Dy-encapsulating endohedral clusterfullerenes, in which a carbon cage protects magnetic Dy3+ ions against decoherence by environmental noise and allows for the stabilization of bonding and magnetic interactions that would be difficult to achieve in other molecular architectures. Recent studies of such materials have focused on clusters with two Dy atoms, since ferromagnetic exchange between Dy atoms is known to reduce the rate of magnetic relaxation via quantum tunneling. Here, two new dysprosium-containing mixed-metallic sulfide clusterfullerenes, DyScS@C s(6)-C82 and DyScS@C 3v(8)-C82, have been successfully synthesized, isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry, Vis-NIR, cyclic voltammetry, single crystal X-ray diffractometry, and magnetic measurements. Crystallographic analyses show that the conformation of the encapsulated cluster inside the fullerene cages is notably different than in the Dy2X@C s(6)-C82 and Dy2X@C 3v(8)-C82 (X = S, O) analogues. Remarkably, both isomers of DyScS@C82 show open magnetic hysteresis and slow magnetic relaxation, even at zero field. Their magnetic blocking temperatures are around 7.3 K, which are among the highest values reported for clusterfullerene SMMs. The SMM properties of DyScS@C82 far outperform those of the dilanthanide analogues Dy2S@C82, in contrast to the trend observed for carbide and nitride Dy clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Joshua D Bocarsly
- Materials Research Lab, Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Ashley Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Rony J Letona Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Alejandro Metta-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Ram Seshadri
- Materials Research Lab, Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
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18
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Krylov D, Velkos G, Chen CH, Büchner B, Kostanyan A, Greber T, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Magnetic hysteresis and strong ferromagnetic coupling of sulfur-bridged Dy ions in clusterfullerene Dy 2S@C 82. Inorg Chem Front 2020; 7:3521-3532. [PMID: 33442482 PMCID: PMC7116581 DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two isomers of metallofullerene Dy2S@C82 with sulfur-bridged Dy ions exhibit broad magnetic hysteresis with sharp steps at sub-Kelvin temperature. Analysis of the level crossing events for different orientations of a magnetic field showed that even in powder samples, the hysteresis steps caused by quantum tunneling of magnetization can provide precise information on the strength of intramolecular Dy⋯Dy inter-actions. A comparison of different methods to determine the energy difference between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states showed that sub-Kelvin hysteresis gives the most robust and reliable values. The ground state in Dy2S@C82 has ferromagnetic coupling of Dy magnetic moments, whereas the state with antiferromagnetic coupling in C s and C 3v cage isomers is 10.7 and 5.1 cm-1 higher, respectively. The value for the C s isomer is among the highest found in metallofullerenes and is considerably larger than that reported in non-fullerene dinuclear molecular magnets. Magnetization relaxation times measured in zero magnetic field at sub-Kelvin temperatures tend to level off near 900 and 3200 s in C s and C 3v isomers. These times correspond to the quantum tunneling relaxation mechanism, in which the whole magnetic moment of the Dy2S@C82 molecule flips at once as a single entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Kuznetsov V. Stereochemistry of Simple Molecules inside Nanotubes and Fullerenes: Unusual Behavior of Usual Systems. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102437. [PMID: 32456128 PMCID: PMC7287839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes have become remarkable objects for starting the implementation of new models and technologies in different branches of science. To a great extent, this is defined by the unique electronic and spatial properties of nanocavities due to the ramified π-electron systems. This provides an opportunity for the formation of endohedral complexes containing non-covalently bonded atoms or molecules inside fullerenes and nanotubes. The guest species are exposed to the force field of the nanocavity, which can be described as a combination of electronic and steric requirements. Its action significantly changes conformational properties of even relatively simple molecules, including ethane and its analogs, as well as compounds with C-O, C-S, B-B, B-O, B-N, N-N, Al-Al, Si-Si and Ge-Ge bonds. Besides that, the cavity of the host molecule dramatically alters the stereochemical characteristics of cyclic and heterocyclic systems, affects the energy of pyramidal nitrogen inversion in amines, changes the relative stability of cis and trans isomers and, in the case of chiral nanotubes, strongly influences the properties of R- and S- enantiomers. The present review aims at primary compilation of such unusual stereochemical effects and initial evaluation of the nature of the force field inside nanotubes and fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerij Kuznetsov
- Ufa State Aviation Technical University, K. Marksa, 12, Ufa 450008, Russia;
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Kosmonavtov, 1, Ufa 450062, Russia
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20
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Velkos G, Yang W, Yao YR, Sudarkova SM, Liu X, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Chen N, Popov AA. Shape-adaptive single-molecule magnetism and hysteresis up to 14 K in oxide clusterfullerenes Dy 2O@C 72 and Dy 2O@C 74 with fused pentagon pairs and flexible Dy-(μ 2-O)-Dy angle. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4766-4772. [PMID: 33437409 PMCID: PMC7116574 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysprosium oxide clusterfullerenes Dy2O@Cs(10528)-C72 and Dy2O@C2(13333)-C74 are synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Carbon cages of both molecules feature two adjacent pentagon pairs. These pentalene units determine positions of endohedral Dy ions hence the shape of the Dy2O cluster, which is bent in Dy2O@C72 but linear in Dy2O@C74. Both compounds show slow relaxation of magnetization and magnetic hysteresis. Nearly complete cancelation of ferromagnetic dipolar and antiferromagnetic exchange Dy…Dy interactions leads to unusual magnetic properties. Dy2O@C74 exhibits zero-field quantum tunneling of magnetization and magnetic hysteresis up to 14 K, the highest temperature among Dy-clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Chemistry
, University of Texas at El Paso
, 500 W University Avenue
,
El Paso
, Texas 79968
, USA
| | - Svetlana M. Sudarkova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
- Chemistry Department
, Moscow State University
,
119991 Moscow
, Russia
| | - XinYe Liu
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
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21
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Krylov DS, Schimmel S, Dubrovin V, Liu F, Nguyen TTN, Spree L, Chen C, Velkos G, Bulbucan C, Westerström R, Studniarek M, Dreiser J, Hess C, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Substrate‐Independent Magnetic Bistability in Monolayers of the Single‐Molecule Magnet Dy
2
ScN@C
80
on Metals and Insulators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Schimmel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - T. T. Nhung Nguyen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Chia‐Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Claudiu Bulbucan
- The division of synchrotron radiation research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- The division of synchrotron radiation research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Michał Studniarek
- Swiss Light Source Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Christian Hess
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
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22
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Krylov DS, Schimmel S, Dubrovin V, Liu F, Nguyen TTN, Spree L, Chen C, Velkos G, Bulbucan C, Westerström R, Studniarek M, Dreiser J, Hess C, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Substrate-Independent Magnetic Bistability in Monolayers of the Single-Molecule Magnet Dy 2 ScN@C 80 on Metals and Insulators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5756-5764. [PMID: 31860759 PMCID: PMC7155138 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic hysteresis is demonstrated for monolayers of the single-molecule magnet (SMM) Dy2 ScN@C80 deposited on Au(111), Ag(100), and MgO|Ag(100) surfaces by vacuum sublimation. The topography and electronic structure of Dy2 ScN@C80 adsorbed on Au(111) were studied by STM. X-ray magnetic CD studies show that the Dy2 ScN@C80 monolayers exhibit similarly broad magnetic hysteresis independent on the substrate used, but the orientation of the Dy2 ScN cluster depends strongly on the surface. DFT calculations show that the extent of the electronic interaction of the fullerene molecules with the surface is increasing dramatically from MgO to Au(111) and Ag(100). However, the charge redistribution at the fullerene-surface interface is fully absorbed by the carbon cage, leaving the state of the endohedral cluster intact. This Faraday cage effect of the fullerene preserves the magnetic bistability of fullerene-SMMs on conducting substrates and facilitates their application in molecular spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Schimmel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - T. T. Nhung Nguyen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Chia‐Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
- Department of Medicinal and Applied ChemistryKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung807Taiwan
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Claudiu Bulbucan
- The division of synchrotron radiation researchLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- The division of synchrotron radiation researchLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Michał Studniarek
- Swiss Light SourcePaul Scherrer Institute5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light SourcePaul Scherrer Institute5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
| | - Christian Hess
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
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23
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Spree L, Schlesier C, Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Greber T, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Single-Molecule Magnets DyM 2 N@C 80 and Dy 2 MN@C 80 (M=Sc, Lu): The Impact of Diamagnetic Metals on Dy 3+ Magnetic Anisotropy, Dy⋅⋅⋅Dy Coupling, and Mixing of Molecular and Lattice Vibrations. Chemistry 2020; 26:2436-2449. [PMID: 31774196 PMCID: PMC7065109 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The substitution of scandium in fullerene single-molecule magnets (SMMs) DySc2 N@C80 and Dy2 ScN@C80 by lutetium has been studied to explore the influence of the diamagnetic metal on the SMM performance of dysprosium nitride clusterfullerenes. The use of lutetium led to an improved SMM performance of DyLu2 N@C80 , which shows a higher blocking temperature of magnetization (TB =9.5 K), longer relaxation times, and broader hysteresis than DySc2 N@C80 (TB =6.9 K). At the same time, Dy2 LuN@C80 was found to have a similar blocking temperature of magnetization to Dy2 ScN@C80 (TB =8 K), but substantially different interactions between the magnetic moments of the dysprosium ions in the Dy2 MN clusters. Surprisingly, although the intramolecular dipolar interactions in Dy2 LuN@C80 and Dy2 ScN@C80 are of similar strength, the exchange interactions in Dy2 LuN@C80 are close to zero. Analysis of the low-frequency molecular and lattice vibrations showed strong mixing of the lattice modes and endohedral cluster librations in k-space. This mixing simplifies the spin-lattice relaxation by conserving the momentum during the spin flip and helping to distribute the moment and energy further into the lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
| | - Christin Schlesier
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität ZürichWinterthurerstr. 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut der Universität ZürichWinterthurerstr. 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation ResearchLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität ZürichWinterthurerstr. 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
| | | | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
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24
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Hyre AS, Doerrer LH. A structural and spectroscopic overview of molecular lanthanide complexes with fluorinated O-donor ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Zhang J, Liu W, Wang C, Xu S, Liu B, Dong Y. Syntheses and Properties of Three Types of 3,4‐Dichlorobenzoate‐based Ni(II)‐Ln(III) Heterometallic Clusters. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju‐Wen Zhang
- Department of ChemistryBohai University Jinzhou 121000 P.R. China
| | - Wen‐Hua Liu
- Department of ChemistryBohai University Jinzhou 121000 P.R. China
| | - Cen‐Ru Wang
- Department of ChemistryBohai University Jinzhou 121000 P.R. China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of ChemistryBohai University Jinzhou 121000 P.R. China
| | - Bin‐Qiu Liu
- Department of ChemistryBohai University Jinzhou 121000 P.R. China
| | - Yan‐Ping Dong
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringSuihua University Suihua 152061 P.R. China
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Wang T, Wang C. Functional Metallofullerene Materials and Their Applications in Nanomedicine, Magnetics, and Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901522. [PMID: 31131986 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes exhibit combined properties from carbon cages as well as internal metal moieties and have great potential in a wide range of applications as molecule materials. Along with the breakthrough of mass production of metallofullerenes, their applied research has been greatly developed with more and more new functions and practical applications. For gadolinium metallofullerenes, their water-soluble derivatives have been demonstrated with antitumor activity and unprecedented tumor vascular-targeting therapy. Metallofullerene water-soluble derivatives also can be applied to treat reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced diseases due to their high antioxidative activity. For magnetic metallofullerenes, the internal electron spin and metal species bring about spin sensitivity, molecular magnets, and spin quantum qubits, which have many promising applications. Metallofullerenes are significant candidates for fabricating useful electronic devices because of their various electronic structures. This Review provides a summary of the metallofullerene studies reported recently, in the fields of tumor inhibition, tumor vascular-targeting therapies, antioxidative activity, spin probes, single-molecule magnets, spin qubits, and electronic devices. This is not an exhaustive summary and there are many other important study results regarding metallofullerenes. All of this research has revealed the irreplaceable role of metallofullerene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
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27
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Liu F, Spree L. Molecular spinning top: visualizing the dynamics of M 3N@C 80 with variable temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13000-13003. [PMID: 31608903 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06363c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Variable temperature X-ray diffraction studies on two single crystals containing M3N@C80, i.e., Ho2LuN@C80·NiOEP·2(C6H6) and Lu3N@C80·NiOEP·2(C6H6), (NiOEP = Nickel octaethylporphyrin) unravelled the temperature dependent rotation of the M3N cluster and C80 cage on the static NiOEP molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Liu F, Spree L, Krylov DS, Velkos G, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Single-Electron Lanthanide-Lanthanide Bonds Inside Fullerenes toward Robust Redox-Active Molecular Magnets. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2981-2993. [PMID: 31571482 PMCID: PMC6796827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic phenomenon of lanthanide-fullerene interactions is the transfer of metal valence electrons to the carbon cage. With early lanthanides such as La, a complete transfer of six valence electrons takes place for the metal dimers encapsulated in the fullerene cage. However, the low energy of the σ-type Ln-Ln bonding orbital in the second half of the lanthanide row limits the Ln2 → fullerene transfer to only five electrons. One electron remains in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital, whereas the fullerene cage with a formal charge of -5 is left electron-deficient. Such Ln2@C80 molecules are unstable in the neutral form but can be stabilized by substitution of one carbon atom by nitrogen to give azafullerenes Ln2@C79N or by quenching the unpaired electron on the fullerene cage by reacting it with a chemical such as benzyl bromide, transforming one sp2 carbon into an sp3 carbon and yielding the monoadduct Ln2@C80(CH2Ph). Because of the presence of the Ln-Ln bonding molecular orbital with one electron, the Ln2@C79N and Ln2@C80(R) molecules feature a unique single-electron Ln-Ln bond and an unconventional +2.5 oxidation state of the lanthanides. In this Account, which brings together metallofullerenes, molecular magnets, and lanthanides in unconventional valence states, we review the progress in the studies of dimetallofullerenes with single-electron Ln-Ln bonds and highlight the consequences of the unpaired electron residing in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital for the magnetic interactions between Ln ions. Usually, Ln···Ln exchange coupling in polynuclear lanthanide compounds is weak because of the core nature of 4f electrons. However, when interactions between Ln centers are mediated by a radical bridge, stronger coupling may be achieved because of the diffuse nature of radical-based orbitals. Ultimately, when the role of a radical bridge is played by a single unpaired electron in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital, the strength of the exchange coupling is increased dramatically. Giant exchange coupling in endohedral Ln2 dimers is combined with a rather strong axial ligand field exerted on the lanthanide ions by the fullerene cage and the excess electron density localized between two Ln ions. As a result, Ln2@C79N and Ln2@C80(CH2Ph) compounds exhibit slow relaxation of magnetization and exceptionally high blocking temperatures for Ln = Dy and Tb. At low temperatures, the [Ln3+-e-Ln3+] fragment behaves as a single giant spin. Furthermore, the Ln-Ln bonding orbital in dimetallofullerenes is redox-active, which allows its population to be changed by electrochemical reactions, thus changing the magnetic properties because the change in the number of electrons residing in the Ln-Ln orbital affects the magnetic structure of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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29
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Schlesier C, Liu F, Dubrovin V, Spree L, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Mixed dysprosium-lanthanide nitride clusterfullerenes DyM 2N@C 80-I h and Dy 2MN@C 80-I h (M = Gd, Er, Tm, and Lu): synthesis, molecular structure, and quantum motion of the endohedral nitrogen atom. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13139-13153. [PMID: 31268459 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Systematic exploration of the synthesis of mixed-metal Dy-M nitride clusterfullerenes (NCFs, M = Gd, Er, Tm, Lu) is performed, and the impact of the second metal on the relative yield is evaluated. We demonstrate that the ionic radius of the metal appears to be the main factor allowing explanation of the relative yields in Dy-M mixed-metal systems with M = Sc, Lu, Er, and Gd. At the same time, Dy-Tm NCFs show anomalously low yields, which is not consistent with the relatively small ionic radius of Tm3+ but can be explained by the high third ionization potential of Tm. Complete separation of Dy-Gd and Dy-Er, as well as partial separation of Dy-Lu M3N@C80 nitride clusterfullerenes, is accomplished by recycling HPLC. The molecular structures of DyGd2N@C80 and DyEr2N@C80 are analyzed by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A remarkable ordering of mixed-metal nitride clusters is found despite similar size and electronic properties of the metals. Possible pyramidalization of the nitride clusters in these and other nitride clusterfullerenes is critically analyzed with the help of DFT calculations and reconstruction of the nitrogen inversion barrier in M3N@C80 molecules is performed. Although a double-well potential with a pyramidal cluster structure is found to be common for most of them, the small size of the inversion barrier often leads to an apparent planar structure of the cluster. This situation is found for those M3N@C80 molecules in which the energy of the lowest vibrational level exceeds that of the inversion barrier, including Dy3N@C80 and DyEr2N@C80. The genuine pyramidal structure can be observed by X-ray diffraction only when the lowest vibrational level is below the inversion barrier, such as those found in Gd3N@C80 and DyGd2N@C80. The quantum nature of molecular vibrations becomes especially apparent when the size of the inversion barrier is comparable to the energy of the lowest vibrational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schlesier
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - F Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - V Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - L Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - B Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - S M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Harriman KL, Errulat D, Murugesu M. Magnetic Axiality: Design Principles from Molecules to Materials. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Velkos G, Krylov DS, Kirkpatrick K, Spree L, Dubrovin V, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Bezmelnitsyn V, Davis S, Faust P, Duchamp J, Dorn HC, Popov AA. Hohe Block‐Temperatur der Magnetisierung und herausragende Koerzitivfeldstärke im Azafulleren Tb
2
@C
79
N mit einer Einelektronen‐Terbium‐Terbium‐Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Valeriy Bezmelnitsyn
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division ofLuna Innovation Inc. 521 Bridge St Danville Virginia USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division ofLuna Innovation Inc. 521 Bridge St Danville Virginia USA
| | - Paul Faust
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - James Duchamp
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Harry C. Dorn
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
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Dubrovin V, Gan LH, Büchner B, Popov AA, Avdoshenko SM. Endohedral metal-nitride cluster ordering in metallofullerene-Ni II(OEP) complexes and crystals: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8197-8200. [PMID: 30816387 PMCID: PMC6839963 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00634f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ordering of endohedral clusterfullerenes Sc3N@C80 and YSc2N@C80 co-crystallized with Ni(OEP) and isolated complexes with Ni(OEP) have been investigated theoretically. Having used multiple orientations of M3N clusters inside the cages with Fibonacci sampling, we describe the effect of intermolecular interactions on the orientation of the endohedral cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li-Hua Gan
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bernd Büchner
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alexey A Popov
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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33
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Velkos G, Krylov DS, Kirkpatrick K, Spree L, Dubrovin V, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Bezmelnitsyn V, Davis S, Faust P, Duchamp J, Dorn HC, Popov AA. High Blocking Temperature of Magnetization and Giant Coercivity in the Azafullerene Tb 2 @C 79 N with a Single-Electron Terbium-Terbium Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5891-5896. [PMID: 30786125 PMCID: PMC6519270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The azafullerene Tb2 @C79 N is found to be a single-molecule magnet with a high 100-s blocking temperature of magnetization of 24 K and large coercivity. Tb magnetic moments with an easy-axis single-ion magnetic anisotropy are strongly coupled by the unpaired spin of the single-electron Tb-Tb bond. Relaxation of magnetization in Tb2 @C79 N below 15 K proceeds via quantum tunneling of magnetization with the characteristic time τQTM =16 462±1230 s. At higher temperature, relaxation follows the Orbach mechanism with a barrier of 757±4 K, corresponding to the excited states, in which one of the Tb spins is flipped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Valeriy Bezmelnitsyn
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division of, Luna Innovation Inc., 521 Bridge St, Danville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division of, Luna Innovation Inc., 521 Bridge St, Danville, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul Faust
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - James Duchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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34
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Spree L, Popov AA. Recent advances in single molecule magnetism of dysprosium-metallofullerenes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2861-2871. [PMID: 30756104 PMCID: PMC6394203 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article outlines the magnetic properties of single molecule magnets based on Dy-encapsulating endohedral metallofullerenes. The factors that govern these properties, such as the influence of different non-metal species in clusterfullerenes, the cage size, and cage isomerism are discussed, as well as the recent successful isolation of dimetallofullerenes with unprecedented magnetic properties. Finally, recent advances towards the organization of endohedral metallofullerenes in 1D, 2D, and 3D ordered structures with potential for devices are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Spree
- IFW Dresden
,
Helmhotzstraße 20
, 01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- IFW Dresden
,
Helmhotzstraße 20
, 01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
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35
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Liu F, Velkos G, Krylov DS, Spree L, Zalibera M, Ray R, Samoylova NA, Chen CH, Rosenkranz M, Schiemenz S, Ziegs F, Nenkov K, Kostanyan A, Greber T, Wolter AUB, Richter M, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Air-stable redox-active nanomagnets with lanthanide spins radical-bridged by a metal-metal bond. Nat Commun 2019; 10:571. [PMID: 30718550 PMCID: PMC6362165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering intramolecular exchange interactions between magnetic metal atoms is a ubiquitous strategy for designing molecular magnets. For lanthanides, the localized nature of 4f electrons usually results in weak exchange coupling. Mediating magnetic interactions between lanthanide ions via radical bridges is a fruitful strategy towards stronger coupling. In this work we explore the limiting case when the role of a radical bridge is played by a single unpaired electron. We synthesize an array of air-stable Ln2@C80(CH2Ph) dimetallofullerenes (Ln2 = Y2, Gd2, Tb2, Dy2, Ho2, Er2, TbY, TbGd) featuring a covalent lanthanide-lanthanide bond. The lanthanide spins are glued together by very strong exchange interactions between 4f moments and a single electron residing on the metal–metal bonding orbital. Tb2@C80(CH2Ph) shows a gigantic coercivity of 8.2 Tesla at 5 K and a high 100-s blocking temperature of magnetization of 25.2 K. The Ln-Ln bonding orbital in Ln2@C80(CH2Ph) is redox active, enabling electrochemical tuning of the magnetism. Dilanthanide complexes that possess radical bridges exhibit enhanced magnetic exchange coupling, affording molecular magnets with high blocking temperatures. Here, the authors explore a series of dilanthanide-encapsulated fullerenes where the radical bridge is taken to its limit and the role is played by a single unpaired electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rajyavardhan Ray
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataliya A Samoylova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nenkov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuel Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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36
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Brandenburg A, Krylov DS, Beger A, Wolter AUB, Büchner B, Popov AA. Carbide clusterfullerene DyYTiC@C 80 featuring three different metals in the endohedral cluster and its single-ion magnetism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10683-10686. [PMID: 30087957 PMCID: PMC6839965 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbide clusterfullerene DyYTiC@C80-Ih with three different metal atoms in the endohedral cluster is obtained by arc-discharge synthesis with methane as reactive gas and is successfully isolated by HPLC. The compound shows single-molecule magnetism (SMM) with magnetic hysteresis below 8 K. The SMM properties of DyYTiC@C80 are compared to those of DySc2N@C80 and the influence of the central atom in the endohedral cluster is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Brandenburg
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Schlesier C, Spree L, Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Brandenburg A, Wolter AUB, Yang S, Greber T, Popov AA. Strong carbon cage influence on the single molecule magnetism in Dy-Sc nitride clusterfullerenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9730-9733. [PMID: 30079423 PMCID: PMC6837867 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic properties of endohedral metallofullerenes with nitride clusters DySc2N and Dy2ScN and different carbon cages are studied by SQUID magnetometry. All molecules behave as single molecule magnets (SMMs) and exhibit magnetic hysteresis. It is found that the blocking temperature of magnetization and relaxation times strongly depend on the fullerene cage, with the C80-Ih isomer offering the best SMM properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schlesier
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Brandenburg
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anja U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Nakanishi R, Satoh J, Katoh K, Zhang H, Breedlove BK, Nishijima M, Nakanishi Y, Omachi H, Shinohara H, Yamashita M. DySc2N@C80 Single-Molecule Magnetic Metallofullerene Encapsulated in a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10955-10959. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakanishi
- WPI Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jyunya Satoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keiichi Katoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Brian K. Breedlove
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishijima
- The Electron Microscopy Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry & Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Haruka Omachi
- Department of Chemistry & Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hisanori Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry & Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- WPI Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Chen CH, Krylov DS, Avdoshenko SM, Liu F, Spree L, Westerström R, Bulbucan C, Studniarek M, Dreiser J, Wolter AUB, Büchner B, Popov AA. Magnetic hysteresis in self-assembled monolayers of Dy-fullerene single molecule magnets on gold. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11287-11292. [PMID: 29882575 PMCID: PMC6018719 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00511g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene single molecule magnets (SMMs) DySc2N@C80 and Dy2ScN@C80 are functionalized via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with surface-anchoring thioether groups. The SMM properties of Dy-fullerenes are substantially affected by the cycloaddition. Submonolayers of the physisorbed derivatives exhibit magnetic hysteresis on an Au(111) surface at 2 K as revealed by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - D S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - S M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - F Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - L Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - R Westerström
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Bulbucan
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Studniarek
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - B Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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