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Gori A, Frigerio R, Gagni P, Burrello J, Panella S, Raimondi A, Bergamaschi G, Lodigiani G, Romano M, Zendrini A, Radeghieri A, Barile L, Cretich M. Addressing Heterogeneity in Direct Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Analogs by Membrane Sensing Peptides as Pan-Vesicular Affinity Probes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400533. [PMID: 38822532 PMCID: PMC11304302 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication, hold significant diagnostic potential due to their ability to concentrate protein biomarkers in bodily fluids. However, challenges in isolating EVs from biological specimens hinder their widespread use. The preferred strategy involves direct analysis, integrating isolation and analysis solutions, with immunoaffinity methods currently dominating. Yet, the heterogeneous nature of EVs poses challenges, as proposed markers may not be as universally present as thought, raising concerns about biomarker screening reliability. This issue extends to EV-mimics, where conventional methods may lack applicability. Addressing these challenges, the study reports on Membrane Sensing Peptides (MSP) as pan-vesicular affinity ligands for both EVs and their non-canonical analogs, streamlining capture and phenotyping through Single Molecule Array (SiMoA). MSP ligands enable direct analysis of circulating EVs, eliminating the need for prior isolation. Demonstrating clinical translation, MSP technology detects an EV-associated epitope signature in serum and plasma, distinguishing myocardial infarction from stable angina. Additionally, MSP allow analysis of tetraspanin-lacking Red Blood Cell-derived EVs, overcoming limitations associated with antibody-based methods. Overall, the work underlines the value of MSP as complementary tools to antibodies, advancing EV analysis for clinical diagnostics and beyond, and marking the first-ever peptide-based application in SiMoA technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
| | - Roberto Frigerio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
| | - Paola Gagni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Cardiovascular TheranosticsIstituto Cardiocentro TicinoEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleVia Tesserete 48BellinzonaCH‐6500Switzerland
| | - Stefano Panella
- Cardiovascular TheranosticsIstituto Cardiocentro TicinoEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleVia Tesserete 48BellinzonaCH‐6500Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Institute for Research in BiomedicineFaculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversità della Svizzera italiana (USI)BellinzonaCH‐6500Switzerland
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
| | - Giulia Lodigiani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
| | - Miriam Romano
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaViale Europa 11Brescia25123Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface ScienceCSGIFlorence50019Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaViale Europa 11Brescia25123Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface ScienceCSGIFlorence50019Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaViale Europa 11Brescia25123Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface ScienceCSGIFlorence50019Italy
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cardiovascular TheranosticsIstituto Cardiocentro TicinoEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleVia Tesserete 48BellinzonaCH‐6500Switzerland
- Euler InstituteFaculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversità della Svizzera ItalianaLugano6900Switzerland
| | - Marina Cretich
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
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2
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Li X, Zhang C, Yue W, Jiang Y. Modulatory effects of cancer stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362120. [PMID: 38962016 PMCID: PMC11219812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), accounting for only a minor cell proportion (< 1%) within tumors, have profound implications in tumor initiation, metastasis, recurrence, and treatment resistance due to their inherent ability of self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, and tumor-initiating potential. In recent years, accumulating studies indicate that CSCs and tumor immune microenvironment act reciprocally in driving tumor progression and diminishing the efficacy of cancer therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), pivotal mediators of intercellular communications, build indispensable biological connections between CSCs and immune cells. By transferring bioactive molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, EVs can exert mutual influence on both CSCs and immune cells. This interaction plays a significant role in reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment, creating conditions favorable for the sustenance and propagation of CSCs. Deciphering the intricate interplay between CSCs and immune cells would provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of CSCs being more susceptible to immune escape. This review will highlight the EV-mediated communications between CSCs and each immune cell lineage in the tumor microenvironment and explore potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuilian Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuening Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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3
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Welsh JA, Goberdhan DCI, O'Driscoll L, Buzas EI, Blenkiron C, Bussolati B, Cai H, Di Vizio D, Driedonks TAP, Erdbrügger U, Falcon‐Perez JM, Fu Q, Hill AF, Lenassi M, Lim SK, Mahoney MG, Mohanty S, Möller A, Nieuwland R, Ochiya T, Sahoo S, Torrecilhas AC, Zheng L, Zijlstra A, Abuelreich S, Bagabas R, Bergese P, Bridges EM, Brucale M, Burger D, Carney RP, Cocucci E, Colombo F, Crescitelli R, Hanser E, Harris AL, Haughey NJ, Hendrix A, Ivanov AR, Jovanovic‐Talisman T, Kruh‐Garcia NA, Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino V, Kyburz D, Lässer C, Lennon KM, Lötvall J, Maddox AL, Martens‐Uzunova ES, Mizenko RR, Newman LA, Ridolfi A, Rohde E, Rojalin T, Rowland A, Saftics A, Sandau US, Saugstad JA, Shekari F, Swift S, Ter‐Ovanesyan D, Tosar JP, Useckaite Z, Valle F, Varga Z, van der Pol E, van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben MHM, Wehman AM, Williams S, Zendrini A, Zimmerman AJ, MISEV Consortium, Théry C, Witwer KW. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12404. [PMID: 38326288 PMCID: PMC10850029 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of PathologyNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Deborah C. I. Goberdhan
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Edit I. Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HCEMM‐SU Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tom A. P. Driedonks
- Department CDL ResearchUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- University of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Juan M. Falcon‐Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Qing‐Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, YLL School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mỹ G. Mahoney
- Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell FacilityAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong S.A.R.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Susmita Sahoo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ana C. Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Campus DiademaDiademaBrazil
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of PathologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- GenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah Abuelreich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Reem Bagabas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
- National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA TechnologyPaduaItaly
| | - Esther M. Bridges
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research CentreOttawa Hopsital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emanuele Cocucci
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Federico Colombo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Edveena Hanser
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Norman J. Haughey
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic‐Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole A. Kruh‐Garcia
- Bio‐pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Academic Resource Center (BioMARC)Infectious Disease Research Center, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Vroniqa Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of RheumatologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionInstitute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Adam L. Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elena S. Martens‐Uzunova
- Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of UrologyRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rachel R. Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lauren A. Newman
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB AmsterdamVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University HospitalSalzburger Landeskliniken GmbH of Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- GMP Unit, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies, EV‐TTSalzburgAustria
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Expansion Therapeutics, Structural Biology and BiophysicsJupiterFloridaUSA
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ursula S. Sandau
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Julie A. Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Celer DiagnosticsTorontoCanada
| | - Simon Swift
- Waipapa Taumata Rau University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Dmitry Ter‐Ovanesyan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Juan P. Tosar
- Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
- Institut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research GroupInstitute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Alan J. Zimmerman
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932PSL UniversityParisFrance
- CurieCoreTech Extracellular Vesicles, Institut CurieParisFrance
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- EV Core Facility “EXCEL”, Institute for Basic Biomedical SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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4
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Basso M, Gori A, Nardella C, Palviainen M, Holcar M, Sotiropoulos I, Bobis‐Wozowicz S, D'Agostino VG, Casarotto E, Ciani Y, Suetsugu S, Gualerzi A, Martin‐Jaular L, Boselli D, Kashkanova A, Parisse P, Lippens L, Pagliuca M, Blessing M, Frigerio R, Fourniols T, Meliciano A, Fietta A, Fioretti PV, Soroczyńska K, Picciolini S, Salviano‐Silva A, Bergese P, Zocco D, Chiari M, Jenster G, Waldron L, Milosavljevic A, Nolan J, Monopoli MP, Witwer KW, Bussolati B, Di Vizio D, Falcon Perez J, Lenassi M, Cretich M, Demichelis F. International Society for Extracellular Vesicles Workshop. QuantitatEVs: multiscale analyses, from bulk to single extracellular vesicle. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e137. [PMID: 38405579 PMCID: PMC10883470 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The 'QuantitatEVs: multiscale analyses, from bulk to single vesicle' workshop aimed to discuss quantitative strategies and harmonized wet and computational approaches toward the comprehensive analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bulk to single vesicle analyses with a special focus on emerging technologies. The workshop covered the key issues in the quantitative analysis of different EV-associated molecular components and EV biophysical features, which are considered the core of EV-associated biomarker discovery and validation for their clinical translation. The in-person-only workshop was held in Trento, Italy, from January 31st to February 2nd, 2023, and continued in Milan on February 3rd with "Next Generation EVs", a satellite event dedicated to early career researchers (ECR). This report summarizes the main topics and outcomes of the workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Basso
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Alessandro Gori
- National Research Council of ItalyIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC‐CNR)MilanItaly
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Mari Palviainen
- EV group, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marija Holcar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Institute of Biosciences & ApplicationsNational Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) DemokritosParaskeviGreece
| | - Sylwia Bobis‐Wozowicz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell BiologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Vito G. D'Agostino
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di EccellenzaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Yari Ciani
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Division of Biological ScienceGraduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
| | | | | | - Daniela Boselli
- FRACTAL (Flow Cytometry Resource, Advanced Cytometry Technical Applications Laboratory)San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Anna Kashkanova
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
| | - Pietro Parisse
- National Research Council of Italy, Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM‐CNR)TriesteItaly
| | - Lien Lippens
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer ResearchGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Martina Pagliuca
- Molecular Predictors and New Targets in OncologyGustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
- Clinical and Translational OncologyScuola Superiore MeridionaleNaplesItaly
| | - Martin Blessing
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
| | - Roberto Frigerio
- National Research Council of ItalyIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC‐CNR)MilanItaly
| | | | - Ana Meliciano
- iBET‐Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
| | - Anna Fietta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB)University of PaduaPaduaItaly
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP)PaduaItaly
| | - Paolo Vincenzo Fioretti
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
- IRIB ‐ Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation of CNRPalermoItaly
| | | | - Marcella Chiari
- National Research Council of ItalyIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC‐CNR)MilanItaly
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Levi Waldron
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health PolicyCity University of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Aleksandar Milosavljevic
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Program in Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - John Nolan
- Scintillon InstituteSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Juan Falcon Perez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Exosomes LaboratoryDerioSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd)MadridSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Marina Cretich
- National Research Council of ItalyIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC‐CNR)MilanItaly
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
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5
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Zhang W, Jiang Y, He Y, Boucetta H, Wu J, Chen Z, He W. Lipid carriers for mRNA delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4105-4126. [PMID: 37799378 PMCID: PMC10547918 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the template for protein biosynthesis and is emerging as an essential active molecule to combat various diseases, including viral infection and cancer. Especially, mRNA-based vaccines, as a new type of vaccine, have played a leading role in fighting against the current global pandemic of COVID-19. However, the inherent drawbacks, including large size, negative charge, and instability, hinder its use as a therapeutic agent. Lipid carriers are distinguishable and promising vehicles for mRNA delivery, owning the capacity to encapsulate and deliver negatively charged drugs to the targeted tissues and release cargoes at the desired time. Here, we first summarized the structure and properties of different lipid carriers, such as liposomes, liposome-like nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, exosomes and lipoprotein particles, and their applications in delivering mRNA. Then, the development of lipid-based formulations as vaccine delivery systems was discussed and highlighted. Recent advancements in the mRNA vaccine of COVID-19 were emphasized. Finally, we described our future vision and perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yonglong He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hamza Boucetta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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6
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Anastasi F, Botto A, Immordino B, Giovannetti E, McDonnell LA. Proteomics analysis of circulating small extracellular vesicles: Focus on the contribution of EVs to tumor metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:3-19. [PMID: 37652834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The term small extracellular vesicle (sEV) is a comprehensive term that includes any type of cell-derived, membrane-delimited particle that has a diameter < 200 nm, and which includes exosomes and smaller microvesicles. sEVs transfer bioactive molecules between cells and are crucial for cellular homeostasis and particularly during tumor development, where sEVs provide important contributions to the formation of the premetastic niche and to their altered metabolism. sEVs are thus legitimate targets for intervention and have also gained increasing interest as an easily accessible source of biomarkers because they can be rapidly isolated from serum/plasma and their molecular cargo provides information on their cell-of origin. To target sEVs that are specific for a given cell/disease it is essential to identify EV surface proteins that are characteristic of that cell/disease. Mass-spectrometry based proteomics is widely used for the identification and quantification of sEV proteins. The methods used for isolating the sEVs, preparing the sEV sample for proteomics analysis, and mass spectrometry analysis, can have a strong influence on the results and requires careful consideration. This review provides an overview of the approaches used for sEV proteomics and discusses the inherent compromises regarding EV purity versus depth of coverage. Additionally, it discusses the practical applications of the methods to unravel the involvement of sEVs in regulating the metabolism of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The metabolic reprogramming in PDAC includes enhanced glycolysis, elevated glutamine metabolism, alterations in lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia, all of which are crucial in promoting tumor cell growth. A thorough understanding of these metabolic adaptations is imperative for the development of targeted therapies to exploit PDAC's vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Anastasi
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; National Enterprise for NanoScience and NanoTechnology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asia Botto
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benoit Immordino
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy.
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7
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Ridolfi A, Conti L, Brucale M, Frigerio R, Cardellini J, Musicò A, Romano M, Zendrini A, Polito L, Bergamaschi G, Gori A, Montis C, Panella S, Barile L, Berti D, Radeghieri A, Bergese P, Cretich M, Valle F. Particle profiling of EV-lipoprotein mixtures by AFM nanomechanical imaging. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12349. [PMID: 37855042 PMCID: PMC10585431 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely overlapping physicochemical properties of lipoproteins (LPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) represents one of the main obstacles for the isolation and characterization of these pervasive biogenic lipid nanoparticles. We herein present the application of an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based quantitative morphometry assay to the rapid nanomechanical screening of mixed LPs and EVs samples. The method can determine the diameter and the mechanical stiffness of hundreds of individual nanometric objects within few hours. The obtained diameters are in quantitative accord with those measured via cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM); the assignment of specific nanomechanical readout to each object enables the simultaneous discrimination of co-isolated EVs and LPs even if they have overlapping size distributions. EVs and all classes of LPs are shown to be characterised by specific combinations of diameter and stiffness, thus making it possible to estimate their relative abundance in EV/LP mixed samples in terms of stoichiometric ratio, surface area and volume. As a side finding, we show how the mechanical behaviour of specific LP classes is correlated to distinctive structural features revealed by cryo-EM. The described approach is label-free, single-step and relatively quick to perform. Importantly, it can be used to analyse samples which prove very challenging to assess with several established techniques due to ensemble-averaging, low sensibility to small particles, or both, thus providing a very useful tool for quickly assessing the purity of EV/LP isolates including plasma- and serum-derived preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ridolfi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
| | - Laura Conti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
| | - Roberto Frigerio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Jacopo Cardellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”Università degli Studi di FirenzeFirenzeItaly
| | - Angelo Musicò
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Miriam Romano
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Laura Polito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
| | - Costanza Montis
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”Università degli Studi di FirenzeFirenzeItaly
| | - Stefano Panella
- Istituto Cardiocentro TicinoEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleLuganoSwitzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Istituto Cardiocentro TicinoEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleLuganoSwitzerland
| | - Debora Berti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”Università degli Studi di FirenzeFirenzeItaly
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Ricerca e l'innovazione BiomedicaPalermoItaly
| | - Marina Cretich
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
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8
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Musicò A, Zenatelli R, Romano M, Zendrini A, Alacqua S, Tassoni S, Paolini L, Urbinati C, Rusnati M, Bergese P, Pomarico G, Radeghieri A. Surface functionalization of extracellular vesicle nanoparticles with antibodies: a first study on the protein corona "variable". NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4703-4717. [PMID: 37705771 PMCID: PMC10496878 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
To be profitably exploited in medicine, nanosized systems must be endowed with biocompatibility, targeting capability, the ability to evade the immune system, and resistance to clearance. Currently, biogenic nanoparticles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), are intensively investigated as the platform that naturally recapitulates these highly needed characteristics. EV native targeting properties and pharmacokinetics can be further augmented by decorating the EV surface with specific target ligands as antibodies. However, to date, studies dealing with the functionalization of the EV surface with proteins have never considered the protein corona "variable", namely the fact that extrinsic proteins may spontaneously adsorb on the EV surface, contributing to determine the surface, and in turn the biological identity of the EV. In this work, we explore and compare the two edge cases of EVs modified with the antibody Cetuximab (CTX) by chemisorption of CTX (through covalent binding via biorthogonal click-chemistry) and by formation of a physisorbed CTX corona. The results indicate that (i) no differences exist between the two formulations in terms of binding affinity imparted by molecular recognition of CTX versus its natural binding partner (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR), but (ii) significant differences emerge at the cellular level, where CTX-EVs prepared by click chemistry display superior binding and uptake toward target cells, very likely due to the higher robustness of the CTX anchorage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Musicò
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Rossella Zenatelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Miriam Romano
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Silvia Alacqua
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Selene Tassoni
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Lucia Paolini
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Chiara Urbinati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
- National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs Based on RNA Technology - CN3 Padova Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pomarico
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
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9
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Man K, Eisenstein NM, Hoey DA, Cox SC. Bioengineering extracellular vesicles: smart nanomaterials for bone regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:137. [PMID: 37106449 PMCID: PMC10134574 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key regulators of bone development, homeostasis and repair. EV-based therapies have the potential to circumnavigate key issues hindering the translation of cell-based therapies including functional tissue engraftment, uncontrolled differentiation and immunogenicity issues. Due to EVs' innate biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and high physiochemical stability, these naturally-derived nanoparticles have garnered growing interest as potential acellular nanoscale therapeutics for a variety of diseases. Our increasing knowledge of the roles these cell-derived nanoparticles play, has made them an exciting focus in the development of novel pro-regenerative therapies for bone repair. Although these nano-sized vesicles have shown promise, their clinical translation is hindered due to several challenges in the EV supply chain, ultimately impacting therapeutic efficacy and yield. From the biochemical and biophysical stimulation of parental cells to the transition to scalable manufacture or maximising vesicles therapeutic response in vivo, a multitude of techniques have been employed to improve the clinical efficacy of EVs. This review explores state of the art bioengineering strategies to promote the therapeutic utility of vesicles beyond their native capacity, thus maximising the clinical potential of these pro-regenerative nanoscale therapeutics for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Man
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neil M Eisenstein
- Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, ICT Centre, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2SQ, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Heritage Building, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
- Dept. of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin 2, D02 DK07, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, Dublin 2, D02 VN51, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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10
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Gillams RJ, Calero V, Fernandez-Mateo R, Morgan H. Electrokinetic deterministic lateral displacement for fractionation of vesicles and nano-particles. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3869-3876. [PMID: 36065949 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00583b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe fractionation of sub-micron vesicles and particles suspended in high conductivity electrolytes using an electrokinetically biased Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) device. An optimised, asymmetric array of micron-sized pillars and gaps, with an AC electric field applied orthogonal to the fluid flow gives an approximately ten-fold reduction in the intrinsic critical diameter (Dc) of the device. The asymmetry in the device maximises the throughput. Fractionation of populations of 100 nm and 400 nm extruded vesicles is achieved in 690 mS m-1 KCl, and 100 nm, 200 nm and 500 nm polystyrene particles in 105 mS m-1 KCl. The electrokinetically biased DLD may provide solutions for simple and rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Gillams
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Victor Calero
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK.
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Hywel Morgan
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
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11
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Paolini L, Monguió‐Tortajada M, Costa M, Antenucci F, Barilani M, Clos‐Sansalvador M, Andrade AC, Driedonks TAP, Giancaterino S, Kronstadt SM, Mizenko RR, Nawaz M, Osteikoetxea X, Pereira C, Shrivastava S, Boysen AT, van de Wakker SI, van Herwijnen MJC, Wang X, Watson DC, Gimona M, Kaparakis‐Liaskos M, Konstantinov K, Lim SK, Meisner‐Kober N, Stork M, Nejsum P, Radeghieri A, Rohde E, Touzet N, Wauben MHM, Witwer KW, Bongiovanni A, Bergese P. Large-scale production of extracellular vesicles: Report on the "massivEVs" ISEV workshop. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e63. [PMID: 38939213 PMCID: PMC11080784 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) large-scale production is a crucial point for the translation of EVs from discovery to application of EV-based products. In October 2021, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), along with support by the FET-OPEN projects, "The Extracellular Vesicle Foundry" (evFOUNDRY) and "Extracellular vesicles from a natural source for tailor-made nanomaterials" (VES4US), organized a workshop entitled "massivEVs" to discuss the potential challenges for translation of EV-based products. This report gives an overview of the topics discussed during "massivEVs", the most important points raised, and the points of consensus reached after discussion among academia and industry representatives. Overall, the review of the existing EV manufacturing, upscaling challenges and directions for their resolution highlighted in the workshop painted an optimistic future for the expanding EV field.
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12
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Radeghieri A, Alacqua S, Zendrini A, Previcini V, Todaro F, Martini G, Ricotta D, Bergese P. Active antithrombin glycoforms are selectively physiosorbed on plasma extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e57. [PMID: 38938771 PMCID: PMC11080738 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) is a glycoprotein produced by the liver and a principal antagonist of active clotting proteases. A deficit in AT function leads to AT qualitative deficiency, challenging to diagnose. Here we report that active AT may travel physiosorbed on the surface of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs), contributing to form the "EV-protein corona." The corona is enriched in specific AT glycoforms, thus suggesting glycosylation to play a key role in AT partitioning between EVs and plasma. Differences in AT glycoform composition of the corona of EVs separated from plasma of healthy and AT qualitative deficiency-affected subjects were also noticed. This suggests deconstructing the plasma into its nanostructured components, as EVs, could suggest novel directions to unravel pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Silvia Alacqua
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Vanessa Previcini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Francesca Todaro
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Giuliana Martini
- Clinical Chemistry LaboratorySpedali Civili HospitalBresciaItaly
| | - Doris Ricotta
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- GLG Klinikum Barnim GmbH, Werner Forßmann Klinikum EberswaldeEberswaldeGermany
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research CouncilPalermoItaly
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13
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Ceccarelli L, Marchetti L, Rizzo M, Moscardini A, Cappello V, Da Pozzo E, Romano M, Giacomelli C, Bergese P, Martini C. Human Microglia Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Different Microglia Cell Lines: Similarities and Differences. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23127-23137. [PMID: 35847267 PMCID: PMC9280972 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cells are a component of the innate immune system in the brain that support cell-to-cell communication via secreted molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs can be divided into two major populations: large (LEVs) and small (SEVs) EVs, carrying different mediators, such as proteins, lipids, and miRNAs. The microglia EVs cargo crucially reflects the status of parental cells and can lead to both beneficial and detrimental effects in many physiopathological states. Herein, a workflow for the extraction and characterization of SEVs and LEVs from human C20 and HMC3 microglia cell lines derived, respectively, from adult and embryonic microglia is reported. EVs were gathered from the culture media of the two cell lines by sequential ultracentrifugation steps and their biochemical and biophysical properties were analyzed by Western blot, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Although the C20- and HMC3-derived EVs shared several common features, C20-derived EVs were slightly lower in number and more polydispersed. Interestingly, C20- but not HMC3-SEVs were able to interfere with the proliferation of U87 glioblastoma cells. This correlated with the different relative levels of eight miRNAs involved in neuroinflammation and tumor progression in the C20- and HMC3-derived EVs, which in turn reflected a different basal activation state of the two cell types. Our data fill a gap in the community of microglia EVs, in which the preparations from human cells have been poorly characterized so far. Furthermore, these results shed light on both the differences and similarities of EVs extracted from different human microglia cell models, underlining the need to better characterize the features and biological effects of EVs for therein useful and correct application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ceccarelli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Milena Rizzo
- Institute
of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Aldo Moscardini
- SNS
(Scuola Normale Superiore, NEST laboratories), Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Center
for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera 56025, Italy
| | | | - Miriam Romano
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25121, Italy
- Center
for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Firenze 50019, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bergese
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25121, Italy
- Center
for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Firenze 50019, Italy
- Institute
for Research and Biomedical Innovation- IRIB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—CNR, Palermo 900146, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
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14
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Cases-Perera O, Blanco-Elices C, Chato-Astrain J, Miranda-Fernández C, Campos F, Crespo PV, Sánchez-Montesinos I, Alaminos M, Martín-Piedra MA, Garzón I. Development of secretome-based strategies to improve cell culture protocols in tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10003. [PMID: 35705659 PMCID: PMC9200715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in skin tissue engineering have promoted the development of artificial skin substitutes to treat large burns and other major skin loss conditions. However, one of the main drawbacks to bioengineered skin is the need to obtain a large amount of viable epithelial cells in short periods of time, making the skin biofabrication process challenging and slow. Enhancing skin epithelial cell cultures by using mesenchymal stem cells secretome can favor the scalability of manufacturing processes for bioengineered skin. The effects of three different types of secretome derived from human mesenchymal stem cells, e.g. hADSC-s (adipose cells), hDPSC-s (dental pulp) and hWJSC-s (umbilical cord), were evaluated on cultured skin epithelial cells during 24, 48, 72 and 120 h to determine the potential of this product to enhance cell proliferation and improve biofabrication strategies for tissue engineering. Then, secretomes were applied in vivo in preliminary analyses carried out on Wistar rats. Results showed that the use of secretomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhanced currently available cell culture protocols. Secretome was associated with increased viability, proliferation and migration of human skin epithelial cells, with hDPSC-s and hWJSC-s yielding greater inductive effects than hADSC-s. Animals treated with hWJSC-s and especially, hDPSC-s tended to show enhanced wound healing in vivo with no detectable side effects. Mesenchymal stem cells derived secretomes could be considered as a promising approach to cell-free therapy able to improve skin wound healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Cases-Perera
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - C Blanco-Elices
- Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - J Chato-Astrain
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - C Miranda-Fernández
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - F Campos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - P V Crespo
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - I Sánchez-Montesinos
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Alaminos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - M A Martín-Piedra
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - I Garzón
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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15
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Characterisation of Extracellular Vesicles from Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105858. [PMID: 35628667 PMCID: PMC9145091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-encapsulated particles secreted by virtually all cell types. EVs play an essential role in cellular crosstalk in health and disease. The cellular origin of EVs determines their composition and potential therapeutic effect. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs have shown a comparable therapeutic potential to their donor cells, making them a promising tool for regenerative medicine. The therapeutic application of EVs circumvents some safety concerns associated with the transplantation of viable, replicating cells and facilitates the quality-controlled production as a ready-to-go, off-the-shelf biological therapy. Recently, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) suggested a set of minimal biochemical, biophysical and functional standards to define extracellular vesicles and their functions to improve standardisation in EV research. However, nonstandardised EV isolation methods and the limited availability of cross-reacting markers for most animal species restrict the application of these standards in the veterinary field and, therefore, the species comparability and standardisation of animal experiments. In this study, EVs were isolated from equine bone-marrow-derived MSCs using two different isolation methods, stepwise ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography, and minimal experimental requirements for equine EVs were established and validated. Equine EVs were characterised using a nanotracking analysis, fluorescence-triggered flow cytometry, Western blot and transelectron microscopy. Based on the ISEV standards, minimal criteria for defining equine EVs are suggested as a baseline to allow the comparison of EV preparations obtained by different laboratories.
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16
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Li F, Zhang J, Yi K, Wang H, Wei H, Chan HF, Tao Y, Li M. Delivery of Stem Cell Secretome for Therapeutic Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2009-2030. [PMID: 35285638 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intensive studies on stem cell therapy reveal that benefits of stem cells attribute to the paracrine effects. Hence, direct delivery of stem cell secretome to the injured site shows the comparative therapeutic efficacy of living cells while avoiding the potential limitations. However, conventional systemic administration of stem cell secretome often leads to rapid clearance in vivo. Therefore, a variety of different biomaterials are developed for sustained and controllable delivery of stem cell secretome to improve therapeutic efficiency. In this review, we first introduce current approaches for the preparation and characterization of stem cell secretome as well as strategies to improve their therapeutic efficacy and production. The up-to-date delivery platforms are also summarized, including nanoparticles, injectable hydrogels, microneedles, and scaffold patches. Meanwhile, we discuss the underlying therapeutic mechanism of stem cell secretome for the treatment of various diseases. In the end, future opportunities and challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongyan Wei
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Guangzhou 510630, China
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17
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Busatto S, Morad G, Guo P, Moses MA. The role of extracellular vesicles in the physiological and pathological regulation of the blood-brain barrier. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:665-675. [PMID: 34485835 PMCID: PMC8409556 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a subclass of biological nanoparticles secreted by most cell types. Once secreted, EVs can travel long distances to deliver their content to target cells thereby playing a key role in cell-to-cell communication and supporting both physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, the functional versatility of EVs has come to be more widely appreciated. Their heterogeneous structure encloses solubilized bioactive cargoes including proteins and nucleic acids. EVs mirror the secreting cell in composition therefore representing a novel source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, due to their unique structure, EVs constitute a promising class of biocompatible nanovehicles for drug delivery as well. Importantly, and of burgeoning interest, is the fact that EVs have the intrinsic ability to breach biological barriers including the complex blood-brain barrier (BBB), whose restrictive nature represents a significant therapeutic challenge. EVs have been shown to contribute to the progression of a variety of brain diseases including metastatic brain cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and acute pathologies including infections and ischemia. In this review, the role of EVs in the maintenance and regulation of the BBB under normal physiological and pathologic conditions are discussed. Applications of EVs as therapeutic and diagnostic tools in the treatment of diseases that affect the central nervous system are presented as are limitations hindering their broad translation and potential solutions to resolve them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Busatto
- Vascular Biology ProgramBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of SurgeryBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Golnaz Morad
- Department of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Peng Guo
- Vascular Biology ProgramBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of SurgeryBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Marsha A. Moses
- Vascular Biology ProgramBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of SurgeryBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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18
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Microglia extracellular vesicles: focus on molecular composition and biological function. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1779-1790. [PMID: 34415305 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous family of cell-derived lipid bounded vesicles comprising exosomes and microvesicles. They are potentially produced by all types of cells and are used as a cell-to-cell communication method that allows protein, lipid, and genetic material exchange. Microglia cells produce a large number of EVs both in resting and activated conditions, in the latter case changing their production and related biological effects. Several actions of microglia in the central nervous system are ascribed to EVs, but the molecular mechanisms by which each effect occurs are still largely unknown. Conflicting functions have been ascribed to microglia-derived EVs starting from the neuronal support and ending with the propagation of inflammation and neurodegeneration, confirming the crucial role of these organelles in tuning brain homeostasis. Despite the increasing number of studies reported on microglia-EVs, there is also a lot of fragmentation in the knowledge on the mechanism at the basis of their production and modification of their cargo. In this review, a collection of literature data about the surface and cargo proteins and lipids as well as the miRNA content of EVs produced by microglial cells has been reported. A special highlight was given to the works in which the EV molecular composition is linked to a precise biological function.
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19
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Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Pathogenesis: A Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010045. [PMID: 33450847 PMCID: PMC7828316 DOI: 10.3390/life11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a fundamental property of living cells. EVs are known to transfer biological signals between cells and thus regulate the functional state of recipient cells. Such vesicles mediate the intercellular transport of many biologically active molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, specific lipids) and participate in regulation of key physiological processes. In addition, EVs are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases: infectious, neurodegenerative, and oncological. The current EV classification into microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes is based on their size, pathways of cellular biogenesis, and molecular composition. This review is focused on analysis of the role of EVs (mainly exosomes) in the pathogenesis of viral infection. We briefly characterize the biogenesis and molecular composition of various EV types. Then, we consider EV-mediated pro- and anti-viral mechanisms. EV secretion by infected cells can be an important factor of virus spread in target cell populations, or a protective factor limiting viral invasion. The data discussed in this review, on the effect of EV secretion by infected cells on processes in neighboring cells and on immune cells, are of high significance in the search for new therapeutic approaches and for design of new generations of vaccines.
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20
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Daneshmandi L, Shah S, Jafari T, Bhattacharjee M, Momah D, Saveh-Shemshaki N, Lo KWH, Laurencin CT. Emergence of the Stem Cell Secretome in Regenerative Engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1373-1384. [PMID: 32622558 PMCID: PMC7666064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The secretome is defined as the set of molecules and biological factors that are secreted by cells into the extracellular space. In the past decade, secretome-based therapies have emerged as a promising approach to overcome the limitations associated with cell-based therapies for tissue and organ regeneration. Considering the growing number of recent publications related to secretome-based therapies, this review takes a step-by-step engineering approach to evaluate the role of the stem cell secretome in regenerative engineering. We discuss the functional benefits of the secretome, the techniques used to engineer the secretome and tailor its therapeutic effects, and the delivery systems and strategies that have been developed to use the secretome for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Daneshmandi
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Shiv Shah
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tahereh Jafari
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Maumita Bhattacharjee
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Deandra Momah
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Nikoo Saveh-Shemshaki
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Kevin W-H Lo
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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21
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Ho BD, Beech JP, Tegenfeldt JO. Charge-Based Separation of Micro- and Nanoparticles. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E1014. [PMID: 33218201 PMCID: PMC7702211 DOI: 10.3390/mi11111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) is a label-free particle sorting method that separates by size continuously and with high resolution. By combining DLD with electric fields (eDLD), we show separation of a variety of nano and micro-sized particles primarily by their zeta potential. Zeta potential is an indicator of electrokinetic charge-the charge corresponding to the electric field at the shear plane-an important property of micro- and nanoparticles in colloidal or separation science. We also demonstrate proof of principle of separation of nanoscale liposomes of different lipid compositions, with strong relevance for biomedicine. We perform careful characterization of relevant experimental conditions necessary to obtain adequate sorting of different particle types. By choosing a combination of frequency and amplitude, sorting can be made sensitive to the particle subgroup of interest. The enhanced displacement effect due to electrokinetics is found to be significant at low frequency and for particles with high zeta potential. The effect appears to scale with the square of the voltage, suggesting that it is associated with either non-linear electrokinetics or dielectrophoresis (DEP). However, since we observe large changes in separation behavior over the frequency range at which DEP forces are expected to remain constant, DEP can be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonas O. Tegenfeldt
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Physics Department, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (B.D.H.); (J.P.B.)
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22
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Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Biogenesis-Based Classification for Extracellular Vesicles. Proteomes 2020; 8:proteomes8040033. [PMID: 33171920 PMCID: PMC7709127 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are traditionally divided into two major groups: (i) large vesicles originating from plasma membrane and called microvesicles, and (ii) small vesicles originating from the endoplasmic membrane and called exosomes. However, it is increasingly clear that the actual composition of a particular EV preparation cannot be adequately described with these two simple terms and is much more complex. Since the cell membrane origin of EVs predetermines their biological functions, the understanding of EV biogenesis is important for accurate interpretation of observed results. In the present study, we propose to take advantage of selective expression of some proteins in plasma or endosomal membranes and to use these proteins as plasma membrane-specific or endosomal membrane-specific markers. We have demonstrated that a quantitative mass spectrometry analysis allows simultaneous measurement of plasma membrane-specific and endosomal membrane-specific proteins in microvesicles and exosomes obtained after differential ultracentrifugation. Before mass spectrometry analysis, we also used sonicated platelets as a model of mixed EVs and multidetector asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation as an analytical method to verify a possible cross contamination of obtained microvesicles and exosomes. Based on the quantitative appearance of membrane-specific protein markers in EV preparations from human plasma and from human ARPE-19 cell medium, we concluded that there is no actual size limitation and both microvesicles and exosomes can be represented by large and small vesicles.
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23
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Therapeutic miRNA-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles: Current Approaches and Future Prospects. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102271. [PMID: 33050562 PMCID: PMC7601381 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 50–300 nm vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells. They can carry cargo (including miRNA) from the donor cell to the recipient cell. miRNAs in EVs can change the translational profile of the recipient cell and modulate cellular morphology. This endogenous mechanism has attracted the attention of the drug-delivery community in the last few years. EVs can be enriched with exogenous therapeutic miRNAs and used for treatment of diseases by targeting pathological recipient cells. However, there are some obstacles that need to be addressed before introducing therapeutic miRNA-enriched EVs in clinics. Here, we focused on the progress in the field of therapeutic miRNA enriched EVs, highlighted important areas where research is needed, and discussed the potential to use them as therapeutic miRNA carriers in the future.
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24
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Maumus M, Rozier P, Boulestreau J, Jorgensen C, Noël D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:997. [PMID: 33015001 PMCID: PMC7511661 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exert similar effects as their parental cells, and are of interest for various therapeutic applications. EVs can act through uptake by the target cells followed by release of their cargo inside the cytoplasm, or through interaction of membrane-bound ligands with receptors expressed on target cells to stimulate downstream intracellular pathways. EV-based therapeutics may be directly used as substitutes of intact cells or after modification for targeted drug delivery. However, for the development of EV-based therapeutics, several production, isolation, and characterization requirements have to be met and the quality of the final product has to be tested before its clinical implementation. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with the development of EV-based therapeutics and the regulatory specifications for their successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Maumus
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Bauerfeind France, IRMB, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Rozier
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Boulestreau
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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25
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Royes J, Biou V, Dautin N, Tribet C, Miroux B. Inducible intracellular membranes: molecular aspects and emerging applications. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:176. [PMID: 32887610 PMCID: PMC7650269 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane remodeling and phospholipid biosynthesis are normally tightly regulated to maintain the shape and function of cells. Indeed, different physiological mechanisms ensure a precise coordination between de novo phospholipid biosynthesis and modulation of membrane morphology. Interestingly, the overproduction of certain membrane proteins hijack these regulation networks, leading to the formation of impressive intracellular membrane structures in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The proteins triggering an abnormal accumulation of membrane structures inside the cells (or membrane proliferation) share two major common features: (1) they promote the formation of highly curved membrane domains and (2) they lead to an enrichment in anionic, cone-shaped phospholipids (cardiolipin or phosphatidic acid) in the newly formed membranes. Taking into account the available examples of membrane proliferation upon protein overproduction, together with the latest biochemical, biophysical and structural data, we explore the relationship between protein synthesis and membrane biogenesis. We propose a mechanism for the formation of these non-physiological intracellular membranes that shares similarities with natural inner membrane structures found in α-proteobacteria, mitochondria and some viruses-infected cells, pointing towards a conserved feature through evolution. We hope that the information discussed in this review will give a better grasp of the biophysical mechanisms behind physiological and induced intracellular membrane proliferation, and inspire new applications, either for academia (high-yield membrane protein production and nanovesicle production) or industry (biofuel production and vaccine preparation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Royes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Université de Paris, LBPC-PM, CNRS, UMR7099, 75005, Paris, France. .,Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le Développement de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005, Paris, France. .,Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PASTEUR, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Valérie Biou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Université de Paris, LBPC-PM, CNRS, UMR7099, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le Développement de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Dautin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Université de Paris, LBPC-PM, CNRS, UMR7099, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le Développement de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tribet
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PASTEUR, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Miroux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Université de Paris, LBPC-PM, CNRS, UMR7099, 75005, Paris, France. .,Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le Développement de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005, Paris, France.
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Busatto S, Walker SA, Grayson W, Pham A, Tian M, Nesto N, Barklund J, Wolfram J. Lipoprotein-based drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:377-390. [PMID: 32791075 PMCID: PMC7747060 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoproteins (LPs) are circulating heterogeneous nanoparticles produced by the liver and intestines. LPs play a major role in the transport of dietary and endogenous lipids to target cells through cell membrane receptors or cell surface-bound lipoprotein lipase. The stability, biocompatibility, and selective transport of LPs make them promising delivery vehicles for various therapeutic and imaging agents. This review discusses isolation, manufacturing, and drug loading techniques used for LP-based drug delivery, as well as recent applications for diagnosis and treatment of cancer, atherosclerosis, and other life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Busatto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Sierra A Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Whisper Grayson
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Anthony Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nicole Nesto
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jacqueline Barklund
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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27
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Ridolfi A, Caselli L, Montis C, Mangiapia G, Berti D, Brucale M, Valle F. Gold nanoparticles interacting with synthetic lipid rafts: an AFM investigation. J Microsc 2020; 280:194-203. [PMID: 32432336 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) represent promising examples of engineered nanomaterials, providing interesting biomedical solutions in several fields, like therapeutics and diagnostics. Despite the extensive number of investigations motivated by their remarkable potential for nanomedicinal applications, the interactions of NPs with biological interfaces are still poorly understood. The effect of NPs on living organisms is mediated by biological barriers, such as the cell plasma membrane, whose lateral heterogeneity is thought to play a prominent role in NPs adsorption and uptake pathways. In particular, biological membranes feature the presence of rafts, that is segregated lipid micro and/or nanodomains in the so-called liquid ordered phase (Lo ), immiscible with the surrounding liquid disordered phase (Ld ). Rafts are involved in various biological functions and act as sites for the selective adsorption of materials on the membrane. Indeed, the thickness mismatch present along their boundaries generates energetically favourable conditions for the adsorption of NPs. Despite its clear implications in NPs internalisation processes and cytotoxicity, a direct proof of the selective adsorption of NPs along the rafts' boundaries is still missing to date. Here we use multicomponent supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) as reliable synthetic models, reproducing the nanometric lateral heterogeneity of cell membranes. After being characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and neutron reflectivity (NR), multidomain SLBs are challenged by prototypical inorganic nanoparticles, that is citrated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), under simplified and highly controlled conditions. By exploiting AFM, we demonstrate that AuNPs preferentially target lipid phase boundaries as adsorption sites. The herein reported study consolidates and extends the fundamental knowledge on NPs-membrane interactions, which constitute a key aspect to consider when designing NPs-related biomedical applications. LAY DESCRIPTION: Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) represent promising examples of engineered nanomaterials, offering interesting biomedical solutions in multiple fields like therapeutics and diagnostics. Despite being extensively investigated due to their remarkable potential for nanomedicinal applications, the interaction of NPs with biological systems is in several cases still poorly understood. The interaction of NPs with living organisms is mediated by biological barriers, such as the cell plasma membrane. Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) represent suitable synthetic membrane models for studying the physicochemical properties of natural interfaces and their interaction with inorganic nanomaterials under simplified and controlled conditions. Recently, multicomponent SLBs were developed in order to mimic the lateral heterogeneity of most biological membranes. In particular, biological membranes feature the presence of rafts, that is segregated lipid micro and/or nanodomains, enriched in cholesterol, sphingomyelin, saturated glycerophospholipids and glycosphingolipids: these lipids segregate in the so-called liquid-ordered phase (Lo ), characterised by a high molecular packing degree, which promotes the phase separation from the surrounding liquid-crystalline (disordered, Ld ) phase, where the intermolecular mobility is increased. Rafts are thought to participate in the formation and targeting of nano-sized biogenic lipid vesicles and are also actively involved in multiple membrane processes. Indeed, Lo -Ld phase boundaries represent high energy areas, providing active sites for the preferential adsorption of external material. The selective adsorption of NPs along the phase boundaries of rafted membranes has been theorised and indirectly probed by different research groups; however, a direct proof of this phenomenon is still missing to date. We herein exploit atomic force microscopy (AFM) to directly visualise the preferential adsorption of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) along the phase boundaries of multicomponent SLBs (previously characterised by neutron reflectivity), obtained from synthetic vesicles containing both an Ld and an Lo phase. The quantitative localisation and morphometry of AuNPs adsorbed on the SLB reveal important information on their interaction with the lipid matrix and directly prove the already theorised differential NPs-lipid interaction at the phase boundaries. The presented results could help the development of future NP-based applications, involving NPs adsorption on membranes with nanoscale phase segregations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ridolfi
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Florence, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Caselli
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Florence, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Gaetano Mangiapia
- GEMS am Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Garching, Germany
| | - Debora Berti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Florence, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Florence, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Florence, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Bologna, Italy
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28
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Montis C, Salvatore A, Valle F, Paolini L, Carlà F, Bergese P, Berti D. Biogenic supported lipid bilayers as a tool to investigate nano-bio interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 570:340-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Gori A, Romanato A, Bergamaschi G, Strada A, Gagni P, Frigerio R, Brambilla D, Vago R, Galbiati S, Picciolini S, Bedoni M, Daaboul GG, Chiari M, Cretich M. Membrane-binding peptides for extracellular vesicles on-chip analysis. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1751428. [PMID: 32363015 PMCID: PMC7178839 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1751428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) present fairly distinctive lipid membrane features in the extracellular environment. These include high curvature, lipid-packing defects and a relative abundance in lipids such as phosphatidylserine and ceramide. sEV membrane could be then considered as a "universal" marker, alternative or complementary to traditional, characteristic, surface-associated proteins. Here, we introduce the use of membrane-sensing peptides as new, highly efficient ligands to directly integrate sEV capturing and analysis on a microarray platform. Samples were analysed by label-free, single-particle counting and sizing, and by fluorescence co-localisation immune staining with fluorescent anti-CD9/anti-CD63/anti-CD81 antibodies. Peptides performed as selective yet general sEV baits and showed a binding capacity higher than anti-tetraspanins antibodies. Insights into surface chemistry for optimal peptide performances are also discussed, as capturing efficiency is strictly bound to probes surface orientation effects. We anticipate that this new class of ligands, also due to the versatility and limited costs of synthetic peptides, may greatly enrich the molecular toolbox for EV analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romanato
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Strada
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Gagni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Frigerio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Brambilla
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vago
- Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Galbiati
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Picciolini
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics (LABION), IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Bedoni
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics (LABION), IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marcella Chiari
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cretich
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
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