1
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Khan AA, Alsalhi SA, Rahman AU. Exploring Si-centered phthalocyanine as a single atom catalyst for N 2O reduction: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17110-17117. [PMID: 38845527 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00832d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
To remove the greenhouse gas N2O from the environment, recently, researchers have taken great interest in single-atom catalysts (SACs). In this study, we investigated various reaction pathways and barrier energies for the N2O reduction process onto Si-coordinated phthalocyanine (Si@PthC) employing density functional theory. The outcomes validate that Si decoration in PthC is energetically stable while the corresponding electronic properties show that the Si atom acts as the reactive site for catalytic activity. The N2O molecule exhibits spontaneous dissociation over the catalyst surface from the O-end with -4.01 eV dissociation energy. Meanwhile, N2O dissociation via the N-end involves chemisorption onto the Si@PthC surface with an adsorption energy (Ead) of -1.16 eV, and the dissociation needs an energy barrier of 0.51 eV. The bond distances and negative adsorption energies (-1.11 and -2.40 eV) evince that CO and O2 species chemisorbed onto the Si@PthC surface. However, these energies are smaller than the N2O dissociation energy, which demonstrates that the presence of CO and O2 molecules cannot interrupt the N2O reduction process. Additionally, the CO + O* → CO2 reaction was executed for catalyst recovery, and the reaction proceeds very quickly on the Si@PthC catalyst, with a very small energy barrier (0.37 eV), indicating the excellent catalytic reactivity of the studied catalyst. These results propose that the designed catalyst can be valuable in the progress of novel noble metal-free catalysts for the elimination of harmful N2O from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Sarah Abdullah Alsalhi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ata Ur Rahman
- THz Technical Research Center of Shenzhen University, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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2
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Li H, Wang J, Jiao L, Hao E. BODIPY-based photocages: rational design and their biomedical application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5770-5789. [PMID: 38752310 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01412j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Photocages, also known as photoactivated protective groups (PPGs), have been utilized to achieve controlled release of target molecules in a non-invasive and spatiotemporal manner. In the past decade, BODIPY fluorophores, a well-established class of fluorescent dyes, have emerged as a novel type of photoactivated protective group capable of efficiently releasing cargo species upon irradiation. This is due to their exceptional properties, including high molar absorption coefficients, resistance to photochemical and thermal degradation, multiple modification sites, favorable uncaging quantum yields, and highly adjustable spectral properties. Compared to traditional photocages that mainly absorb UV light, BODIPY-based photocages that absorb visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) light offer advantages such as deeper tissue penetration and reduced bio-autofluorescence, making them highly suitable for various biomedical applications. Consequently, different types of photoactivated protective groups based on the BODIPY skeleton have been established. This highlight provides a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed to construct BODIPY photocages by substituting leaving groups at different positions within the BODIPY fluorophore, including the meso-methyl position, boron position, 2,6-position, and 3,5-position. Furthermore, the application of these BODIPY photocages in biomedical fields, such as fluorescence imaging and controlled release of active species, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Erhong Hao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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3
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Messaoudi H, Yaşa Atmaca G, Türkkol A, Bilgin MD, Erdoğmuş A. Monitoring of singlet oxygen generation of a novel Schiff-base substituted silicon phthalocyanines by sono-photochemical studies and in vitro activities on prostate cancer cell. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:303-314. [PMID: 38727821 PMCID: PMC11111517 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the potential of sono-photodynamic therapy as an effective approach for enhancing singlet oxygen generation using the synthesized Schiff-base diaxially substituted silicon phthalocyanines. In photochemical studies, the singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ∆) were determined as 0.43 for Si1a, 0.94 for Q-Si1a, 0.58 for S-Si1a, and 0.49 for B-Sia1. In sono-photochemical studies, the Φ∆ values were reached to 0.67 for Si1a, 1.06 for Q-Si1a, 0.65 for S-Si1a, and 0.67 for B-Sia1. In addition, this study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of phthalocyanines synthesized as sensitizers on the PC3 prostate cancer cell line through in vitro experiments. The application of these treatment modalities exhibited notable outcomes, leading to a substantial decrease in cell viability within the PC3 prostate cancer cell line. These findings highlight the potential of utilizing these synthesized phthalocyanines as promising therapeutic agents for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Messaoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, 34210, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Göknur Yaşa Atmaca
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, 34210, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayşegül Türkkol
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09010, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dinçer Bilgin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09010, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, 34210, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey.
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4
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Sailaja STN, Maisuls I, Hepp A, Brünink D, Doltsinis NL, Faust A, Hermann S, Strassert CA. Dual Emissive Zn(II) Naphthalocyanines: Synthesis, Structural and Photophysical Characterization with Theory-Supported Insights towards Soluble Coordination Compounds with Visible and Near-Infrared Emission. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2605. [PMID: 38473852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal phthalocyaninates and their higher homologues are recognized as deep-red luminophores emitting from their lowest excited singlet state. Herein, we report on the design, synthesis, and in-depth characterization of a new class of dual-emissive (visible and NIR) metal naphthalocyaninates. A 4-N,N-dimethylaminophen-4-yl-substituted naphthalocyaninato zinc(II) complex (Zn-NMe2Nc) and the derived water-soluble coordination compound (Zn-NMe3Nc) exhibit a near-infrared fluorescence from the lowest ligand-centered state, along with a unique push-pull-supported luminescence in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. An unprecedentedly broad structural (2D-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry) as well as photophysical characterization (steady-state state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy) is presented. The unique dual emission was assigned to two independent sets of singlet states related to the intrinsic Q-band of the macrocycle and to the push-pull substituents in the molecular periphery, respectively, as predicted by TD-DFT calculations. In general, the elusive chemical aspects of these macrocyclic compounds are addressed, involving both reaction conditions, thorough purification, and in-depth characterization. Besides the fundamental aspects that are investigated herein, the photoacoustic properties were exemplarily examined using phantom gels to assess their tomographic imaging capabilities. Finally, the robust luminescence in the visible range arising from the push-pull character of the peripheral moieties demonstrated a notable independence from aggregation and was exemplarily implemented for optical imaging (FLIM) through time-resolved multiphoton micro(spectro)scopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Thulaseedharan Nair Sailaja
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dana Brünink
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Sánchez Vergara ME, Sandoval Plata EI, Ballinas Indili R, Salcedo R, Álvarez Toledano C. Structural determination, characterization and computational studies of doped semiconductors base silicon phthalocyanine dihydroxide and dienynoic acids. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25518. [PMID: 38356521 PMCID: PMC10864961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical doping of silicon phthalocyanine dihydroxide (SiPc(OH)2), with (2E, 4Z)-5, 7-diphenylhepta-2, 4-dien-6-ynoic acids (DAc) with electron-withdrawing (BrDAc) and electron-donating (MeODAc) substituents is the main purpose of this work. Theoretical calculations were carried out on Gaussian16 software, with geometrical optimization of all involved species, and obtention of the highest occupied molecule orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and the respective energy gaps. The theoretical calculations show two hydrogen bridge formations: the first one as a peripheral interaction between the terminal oxygen atoms from the acid unit and hydrogen atoms from the phthalocyanine aromatic rings. The second one as the interaction at the nitrogen atoms of the phthalocyanine, which are compelled to form a new flat plane far from the original flat phthalocyanine deck. These organic semiconductors were deposited as thin films and characterized by IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the optical parameters were gathered from UV-Vis studies. The indirect and direct optical band gap, the onset gap and the Urbach energy were obtained. In order to compare the effect of the acids as dopants of the silicon phthalocyanine, the SiPc(OH)2-DAc films were electrically characterized. The SiPc(OH)2-DAc films exhibit an ambipolar electrical behavior, which is influenced by the incidence of different lighting conditions at voltages above 0.3V. The glass/ITO/SiPc(OH)2-MeODAc/Ag reaches a maximum current of 5.68 × 10-5 A for natural light condition, while the glass/ITO/SiPc(OH)2-BrDAc/Ag, reaches a maximum current of 9.21 × 10-9 A for white illumination condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Emilio I. Sandoval Plata
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Ballinas Indili
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Salcedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cecilio Álvarez Toledano
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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6
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Köse GG, Erdoğmuş A. Dual effect of light and ultrasound for efficient singlet oxygen generation with novel diaxial silicon phthalocyanine sensitizer. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:52-66. [PMID: 37431229 DOI: 10.1111/php.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
To treat a life-threatening disease like cancer, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) methods were combined into sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) as an effective therapeutic solution. Each day, the usage of phthalocyanine sensitizers increases in the therapeutic applications as they have the ability to produce more reactive oxygen species. In this context, a new diaxially silicon phthalocyanine sensitizer, containing triazole and tert-butyl groups, was synthesized. After elucidating the structure of the complex with elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, MALDI-TOF MS and 1 H NMR, its photophysical, photochemical and sono-photochemical properties were examined. When singlet oxygen generation capacity of the new synthesized silicon phthalocyanine complex was determined and compared among photochemical (PDT; ФΔ = 0.59 in DMSO, 0.44 in THF, 0.47 in toluene) and sonophotochemical (SPDT; ФΔ = 0.88 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 0.60 in tetrahydrofuran (THF), 0.65 in toluene) methods, it can be said that the complex is a successful sono-photosensitizer that can be used as a good SPDT agent in vitro or in vivo future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Tsuneda T, Taketsugu T. Roles of Singlet Fission in the Photosensitization of Silicon Phthalocyanine. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11587-11596. [PMID: 38100084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The roles of singlet fission in the triplet generation of silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc), a compound analogous to the IRDye700DX photosensitizer used in near-infrared photoimmunotherapy, are investigated by considering the energetical relation between the excitations of this compound. These excitations are obtained through spin-flip long-range corrected time-dependent density functional theory calculations. To initiate singlet fission, chromophores must meet two conditions: (1) near-degenerate low-lying singlet and quintet (triplet-triplet) excitations with a considerable energy gap of the lowest singlet and triplet excited states and (2) moderate π-stacking energy of chromophores, which is higher than but not far from the solvation energy, to facilitate the dissociation and generation of triplet-state chromophores. The present calculations demonstrate that SiPc satisfies both of these conditions after the formation of π-stacking irrespective of the presence of an axial ligand(s), suggesting that singlet fission plays a crucial role in the triplet generation process, although intersystem crossing occurs simultaneously at a very slow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Tsuneda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Graduate School of Science Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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8
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Gamelas SRD, Tomé JPC, Tomé AC, Lourenço LMO. Advances in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewaters: harnessing the power of phthalocyanines and phthalocyanine-containing materials. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33957-33993. [PMID: 38019980 PMCID: PMC10658578 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06598g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Access to clean water is increasingly challenging worldwide due to human activities and climate change. Wastewater treatment and utilization offer a promising solution by reducing the reliance on pure underground water. However, it is crucial to develop efficient and sustainable methods for wastewater purification. Among the emerging wastewater treatment strategies, photocatalysis has gained significant attention for decomposing organic pollutants in water, especially when combined with sunlight and a recoverable photocatalyst. Heterogeneous photocatalysts have distinct advantages, as they can be recovered and reused without significant loss of activity over multiple cycles. Phthalocyanine dyes, with their exceptional photophysical properties, are particularly valuable for homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis. By immobilizing these photosensitizers in various supports, hybrid materials extend their light absorption into the visible spectrum, complementing most supports' limited UV light absorption. The novelty and research importance of this review stems from its discussion of the multifaceted approach to treating contaminated wastewater with phthalocyanines and materials containing phthalocyanines. It highlights key aspects of each study, including photocatalytic efficiency, recyclability characteristics, investigation of the generation of oxygen species responsible for degradation, identification of the major degradation byproducts for each pollutant, and others. Moreover, the review includes tables that illustrate and compare the various phthalocyanines and supporting materials employed in each study for pollutant degradation. Additionally, almost all photocatalysts mentioned in this review could degrade at least 5% of the pollutant, and more than 50 photocatalysts showed photocatalytic rates above 50%. When immobilized in some support, the synergistic effect of the phthalocyanine was visible in the photocatalytic rate of the studied pollutant. However, when performing these types of works, it is necessary to understand the degradation products of each pollutant and their relative toxicities. Along with this, recyclability and stability studies are also necessary. Despite the good results presented in this review, some of the works lack those studies. Moreover, none of the works mentions any study in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R D Gamelas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - João P C Tomé
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Leandro M O Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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9
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Li D, Cai S, Wang P, Cheng H, Cheng B, Zhang Y, Liu G. Innovative Design Strategies Advance Biomedical Applications of Phthalocyanines. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300263. [PMID: 37039069 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their long absorption wavelengths, high molar absorptivity, and tunable photosensitivity, phthalocyanines have been widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, phthalocyanines still face the drawbacks of poor targeting, "always-on" photosensitizing properties, and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency, which limit their wide applications in biomedical fields. Thus, new design strategies such as modification of targeting molecules, formation of nanoparticles, and activating photosensitizers are developed to improve the above defects. Notably, recent studies have shown that novel phthalocyanines are not only used in fluorescence imaging and PDT, but also in photoacoustic imaging, photothermal imaging, sonodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy. This review focuses on recent design strategies, applications in biomedicine, and clinical development of phthalocyanines, providing ideas and references for the design and application of phthalocyanine, so as to promote their future transformation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shundong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Bingwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Shen Zhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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10
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Balcik-Ercin P, Ekineker G, Salik N, Aydoğdu B, Yagci T, Göksel M. Arginine mediated photodynamic therapy with silicon(IV) phthalocyanine photosensitizers. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103667. [PMID: 37355078 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we synthesized a new SiPc derivative conjugated with arginine at the axial positions, for a novel phthalocyanine-based photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications in cancer cells. Axially-di-arginine substituted new silicon(IV) phthalocyanine photosensitizer (PS-5a) has been thoroughly researched for its anti-cancer properties. Various spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize this conjugate, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis, and MS spectral data. The in vitro PDT activities of the conjugate on cancer cells were tested through its cytotoxic, clonogenic, apoptotic effects on, and its capacity to induce DNA damage, and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cell lines (liver; HuH-7, cervix; HeLa and breast; MCF7). Cancer cells exposed to the light illumination following uptake of the PS-5a as a photosensitizer revealed DNA breakage and collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential. The results of the present investigation demonstrate that PS-5a has a significant photo-cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. So, axially-di-arginine substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine could be an effective PDT agent for PDT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Balcik-Ercin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli 41400, Turkiye; Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir 35390, Turkiye
| | - Gülçin Ekineker
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkiye; Health Services Vocational College, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkiye
| | - Nazlı Salik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli 41400, Turkiye
| | - Bahar Aydoğdu
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkiye
| | - Tamer Yagci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli 41400, Turkiye
| | - Meltem Göksel
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkiye.
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11
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Ke MR, Chen Z, Shi J, Wei Y, Liu H, Huang S, Li X, Zheng BY, Huang JD. A smart and visible way to switch the aromaticity of silicon(IV) phthalocyanines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9832-9835. [PMID: 37505224 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02910g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Unlike traditional methods of modifying phthalocyanines (Pcs), we herein report a smart and visible way to switch the aromaticity of silicon(IV) phthalocyanines via a reversible nucleophilic addition reaction of the Pc skeleton induced by alkalis and acids, leading to an interesting allochroism phenomenon and the switching of photosensitive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Rong Ke
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Jie Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Ying Wei
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Shuping Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xingshu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Bi-Yuan Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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12
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Rychikhina ED, Ivanova SS, Novakova V, Stuzhin PA. Silicon(IV) complexes of octaaryl-substituted porphyrazines and corrolazines: influence of macrocycle contraction on spectral-luminescence, acid-base, and redox properties. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6831-6840. [PMID: 37144418 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The template cyclomerization of the iminoimide derivatives (obtained by the treatment of diarylfumarodinitriles with NH3 in methanol containing catalytic amounts of dissolved Na) in the presence of SiCl4 in pyridine leads to silicon(IV) octaarylporphyrazine complexes ((HO)2SiPzAr8, Ar = Ph, tBuPh) as a main reaction product. In the case of phenyl-substituted derivative, the formation of a distinctive Si(IV) complex as a byproduct was observed, which according to mass-spectroscopy measurement contains the macrocycle with five diphenylpyrrolic units. The treatment of bishydroxy complexes with tripropylchlorosilane in the presence of magnesium in pyridine leads to the formation of axially siloxylated porphyrazines (Pr3SiO)2SiPzAr8, followed by the reductive contraction of the macrocycle and formation of the corresponding corrolazine complexes (Pr3SiO)SiCzAr8. It is shown that the addition of acid (trifluoroacetic acid, TFA) facilitates the detachment of one siloxy group in (Pr3SiO)2SiPzAr8 and is essential for its Pz → Cz transformation. In the presence of TFA, only one meso-nitrogen is protonated in the porphyrazine complexes (Pr3SiO)2SiPzAr8 (stability constant of the protonated form pKs1 = -0.45 for Ar = Ph; pKs1 = 0.68 for Ar = tBuPh), while two consequent protonation stages are observed for the more basic corrolazine complex (Pr3SiO)SiCzPh8 (pKs1 = 0.93, pKs2 = 0.45). Both types of Si(IV) complexes are poorly fluorescent (ΦF < 0.07). The porphyrazine complexes have low ability to generate singlet oxygen (ΦΔ < 0.15), whereas the corrolazine derivative (Pr3SiO)SiCzPh8 is a very efficient photosensitizer (ΦΔ = 0.76).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D Rychikhina
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Svetlana S Ivanova
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel A Stuzhin
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
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13
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Kohn J, Bursch M, Hansen A, Grimme S. Computational study of ground-state properties of μ 2 -bridged group 14 porphyrinic sandwich complexes. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:229-239. [PMID: 35470911 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The structural properties of μ2 -bridged porphyrinic double-decker complexes are investigated and the influence of various ligands, metals, substituents, and bridging atoms on the dominant structural motif is elucidated. A variety of quantum chemical methods including semiempirical (SQM) methods and density functional theory (DFT) is assessed for the calculation of ecliptic and staggered conformational energies. Local coupled cluster (DLPNO-CCSD(T1)) data are generated for reference. The r2 SCAN-3c composite scheme as well as the B2PLYP-D4/def2-QZVPP approach are identified as reliable methods. Energy decomposition analyses (EDA) and localized molecular orbital analyses (LMO) are used to investigate the bonding situation and the nature of the inter-ligand interaction energy underlining the crucial role of attractive London dispersion interactions. Targeted modification of the bridging atom, e.g., by replacing O2- by S2- is shown to drastically change the major structural features of the investigated complexes. Further, the influence of different substituents of varying size at the phthalocyanine ligand regarding the dominant conformation is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kohn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Bursch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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14
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Gümrükçü Köse G, Keser Karaoğlan G. Synthesis of a novel axially substituted silicon phthalocyanine sensitizer for efficient singlet oxygen generation by comparing PDT and SPDT studies. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Comparison of singlet oxygen production of ethyl vanillin substituted silicon phthalocyanine using sonophotodynamic and photodynamic methods. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Solğun DG, Yıldıko Ü, Ağırtaş MS. Synthesis of Axial Bis(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐ylmethoxy)phthalocyaninato Silicon (IV): Photophysical and Photochemical Properties and Docking Studies on DNA‐SiPc Interactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Güngördü Solğun
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Van Yüzüncü Yıl University 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Ümit Yıldıko
- Architecture and Engineering Faculty Department of Bioengineering Kafkas University Kars Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Ağırtaş
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Van Yüzüncü Yıl University 65080 Van Turkey
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17
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Gamelas SRD, Vieira C, Bartolomeu M, Faustino MAF, Tomé JPC, Tomé AC, Almeida A, Lourenço LMO. Photodynamic inactivation of pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria mediated by Si(IV) phthalocyanines bearing axial ammonium units. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 233:112502. [PMID: 35759946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms has gained interest as an efficient option for conventional antibiotic treatments. Recently, Si(IV) phthalocyanines (SiPcs) have been highlighted as promising photosensitizers (PSs) to the PDI of microorganisms due to their remarkable absorption and emission features. To increase the potential of cationic SiPcs as PS drugs, one novel (1a) and two previously described (2a and 3a) axially substituted PSs with di-, tetra-, and hexa-ammonium units, respectively, were synthesized and characterized. Their PDI effect was evaluated for the first time against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-negative and a Gram-positive bacterium, respectively. The photodynamic treatments were conducted with PS concentrations of 3.0 and 6.0 μM under 60 min of white light irradiation (150 mW.cm-2). The biological results show high photodynamic efficiency for di- and tetra-cationic PSs 1a and 2a (6.0 μM), reducing the E. coli viability in 5.2 and 3.9 log, respectively (after 15 min of dark incubation before irradiation). For PS 3a, a similar bacterial reduction (3.6 log) was achieved but only with an extended dark incubation period (30 min). Under the same experimental conditions, the photodynamic effect of cationic PSs 1a-3a on S. aureus was even more promising, with abundance reductions of ca. 8.0 log after 45-60 min of PDI treatment. These results reveal the high PDI efficiency of PSs bearing ammonium groups and suggest their promising application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial to control infections caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R D Gamelas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Vieira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Bartolomeu
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João P C Tomé
- CQE, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Leandro M O Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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18
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Halaskova M, Kostelansky F, Demuth J, Hlbocanova I, Miletin M, Zimcik P, Machacek M, Novakova V. Amphiphilic Cationic Phthalocyanines for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200133. [PMID: 35880676 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Effective interaction with biomembranes is essential for activity of photosensitizers; however, majority of them are highly charged symmetrical species. Amphiphilic cationic phthalocyanines differing in bulkiness of substitution on lipophilic part (-H, -SMe, -StBu) were therefore prepared. Compounds had high singlet oxygen production (ΦΔ =0.38-0.46, DMSO), good fluorescence emission (ΦF =0.21-0.26, DMSO), and log P values ranging -0.07-1.1 (1-octanol/PBS). Study of interaction with liposomes revealed that also bulky -StBu derivatives are able to enter biomembranes. Detail in vitro studies (toxicity, subcellular localization, type of cell death, and morphology) were performed. Compounds were characterized by excellent EC50 values in range of dozens of nM (HeLa, EA.hy926, MCF-7, HCT116), which were dependent on drug-light interval and reached plateau after 4 h on HeLa cells. Well-balanced lipophilicity with ability to interact with biomembranes rank these derivatives among perspective photosensitizers, even for vascular-targeted PDT (VTP) since they kill EA.hy926 without any preincubation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Halaskova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kostelansky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Demuth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Hlbocanova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Miletin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zimcik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Machacek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
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19
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Aru B, Gümüşgöz Çelik G, Harmandar K, Şahin B, Gürek AG, Atilla D, Yanıkkaya Demirel G. Chemo-photodynamic Activity of Silicon Phthalocyanines Bearing Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors on Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3936-3950. [PMID: 35802827 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most lethal cancer worldwide, resulting in over 1 million cases and 900 000 deaths per year. According to population-based studies, administration of long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was proven to reduce the risk of a subject developing colorectal cancer. In the present study, the anti-cancer activity of two different NSAIDs, sulindac- (Pc-1) or diclofenac-substituted (Pc-2) asymmetric silicon phthalocyanine derivatives, was evaluated in four different colorectal cancer cell lines bearing various carcinogenic mutations. In this context, the IC50 values of each compound after 24 and 48 h were determined on HCT116, SW480, LoVo, and HT29 cell lines, and the effects of the compounds on programmed cell death pathways apoptosis and autophagy, their impact on cell cycle progression, and the effect of NSAID moieties they bear on COX-1 and COX-2 proteins were analyzed. In addition, the photophysical and photochemical properties of a synthesized Pc derivative bearing axial diclofenac and triethylene glycol groups (Pc-2) have been investigated, and the compound has been characterized by using different analytical techniques. Our results indicated that both compounds inhibit COX protein expression levels, activate apoptosis in all cell lines, and lead to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, depending on the COX expression profiles of the cell lines, indicating that NSAIDs can be coupled with Pc's to achieve increased anti-cancer activity, especially on cancer cells known to have high COX activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Aru
- Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Department, Yeditepe University, 34755 Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gümüşgöz Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kevser Harmandar
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Belgin Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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20
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Liu G, Guo Q, Huang B, Guan X, Ye Q, Zhuang X, Peng Y. Fluorinated/non-fluorinated triphenylamine axially substituted silicon phthalocyanine: Synthesis and photophysical properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Biyiklioglu Z, Keleş T, Sahin H. Synthesis and acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition properties of axially disubstituted silicon phthalocyanines and their quaternized derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Chan JYM, Ng DKP. [3 + 1] Mixed Cyclization: A Synthetic Route to Prepare Low-Symmetry Phthalocyanines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7213-7218. [PMID: 35608557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic strategy for low-symmetry phthalocyanines has been developed, which involves the base-promoted cyclization of a preconnected trisphthalonitrile and a free phthalonitrile in the presence of a metal template. By using this [3 + 1] mixed cyclization approach, a series of zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivatives have been synthesized in up to 12% yields, including a very rare ABCD-type phthalocyanine and an amphiphilic ABAC-type analogue that can self-assemble in aqueous media, forming stable spherical nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y M Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Dennis K P Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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23
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Gümüşgöz Çelik G, Gonca S, Şahin B, Özdemir S, Atilla D, Gürek AG. Novel axially symmetric and unsymmetric silicon(IV) phthalocyanines having anti-inflammatory groups: synthesis, characterization and their biological properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7517-7529. [PMID: 35506506 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New asymmetric Si(IV)Pc (1), monomeloxicammonotriethyleneglycolmonomethylether (phthalocyaninano)silicone, axially ligated with meloxicam as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), or triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and symmetric Si(IV)Pc (2), diclofenac(phthalocyaninano)silicone, axially ligated with two diclofenac as NSAID, were synthesized and characterized as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents together with polyoxo-SiPc (3), ditriethyleneglycolmonomethylether(phthalocyaninano)silicone, and SiPc(OH)2 (4), dihydroxy(phthalocyaninano)silicone. The photophysical and photochemical properties of these compounds were investigated. Then, antioxidant assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferrous ion chelating activities, were performed for these Si(IV) phthalocyanine derivatives (1, 2, 3 and 4). The highest DPPH scavenging activity of 73.48% was achieved with compound 2 and the highest ferrous chelating ability of 66.42% was obtained with compound 3. The results of the antioxidant assays indicated that Pc derivatives 1, 2 and 3 have remarkable superoxide radical scavenging activities, and moderate 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activities and metal chelating activities. The antimicrobial effects of the Si(IV) phthalocyanine compounds were studied against six pathogenic bacteria and two pathogenic microfungi. The results for the antimicrobial activity of these compounds indicated that Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) was the most sensitive microorganism and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila (ATCC 33152) were the most resistant microorganisms against the tested compounds. The DNA cleavage ability and microbial cell viability of these compounds were studied. The studied compounds demonstrated excellent DNA nuclease activity and exhibited 100% cell viability inhibition at 500 mg L-1. Also, the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of the compounds was tested against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and significant photodynamic antimicrobial activity was observed. In addition, the effect of phthalocyanines on biofilm inhibition produced by Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) was also tested and 3 showed excellent biofilm inhibition of 82.14%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Gümüşgöz Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Turkey, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Belgin Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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24
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Ogura Y, Nakano M, Maeda H, Segi M, Furuyama T. Cationic Axial Ligand Effects on Sulfur-Substituted Subphthalocyanines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092766. [PMID: 35566117 PMCID: PMC9105831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of sulfur-substituted boron(III) subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) with cationic axial ligands. Subphthalocyanines were synthesized by a condensation reaction using the corresponding phthalonitriles and boron trichloride as a template. An aminoalkyl group was introduced on the central boron atom; this process was followed by N-methylation to introduce a cationic axial ligand. The peripheral sulfur groups shifted the Q band of SubPcs to a longer wavelength. The cationic axial ligands increased the polarity and enhanced the hydrophilicity of SubPcs. The effect of axial ligands on absorption and fluorescence properties is generally small. However, a further red shift was observed by introducing cationic axial ligands into the sulfur-substituted SubPcs. This change is similar to that in sulfur-substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanines. The unique effect of the cationic axial ligand was extensively investigated by theoretical calculations and electrochemistry. In particular, the precise oxidation potential was determined using ionization potential measurements. Thus, the results of the present study provide a novel strategy for developing functional dyes and pigments based on SubPcs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Ogura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Masahito Segi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Correspondence:
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25
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Sundaresan C, Josse P, Vebber MC, Brusso J, Lu J, Tao Y, Alem S, Lessard BH. Design of ternary additive for organic photovoltaics: a cautionary tale. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10029-10036. [PMID: 35424912 PMCID: PMC8965687 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon phthalocyanines as ternary additives are a promising way to increase the performance of organic photovoltaics. The miscibility of the additive and the donor polymer plays a significant role in the enhancement of the device performance, therefore, ternary additives can be designed to better interact with the conjugated polymer. We synthesized N-9′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole functionalized SiPc ((CBzPho)2-SiPc), a ternary additive with increased miscibility in poly[N-90-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT). The resulting additive was included into PCDTBT and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester as bulk (PC71BM) heterojunction OPV devices as a ternary additive. While the (CBzPho)2-SiPc demonstrated strong EQE >30% contribution in the range of 650–730 nm, the overall performance was reduced because (CBzPho)2-SiPc acted as a hole trap due to its high-lying HOMO energy level. This study demonstrates the importance of the solubility, miscibility, and energy level engineering of the ternary additive when designing organic photovoltaic devices. Silicon phthalocyanines with carbazole axial functional groups were synthesized to improve the miscibility in PCDTBT and for use as ternary additives in organic photovoltaics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chithiravel Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa 161 Louis Pasteur Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada .,Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Pierre Josse
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa 161 Louis Pasteur Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada .,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Mário C Vebber
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa 161 Louis Pasteur Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Jaclyn Brusso
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Jianping Lu
- Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Ye Tao
- Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Salima Alem
- Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa 161 Louis Pasteur Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada .,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa 800 King Edward Ave. Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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26
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Kostelanska M, Holada K. Prion Strains Differ in Susceptibility to Photodynamic Oxidation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030611. [PMID: 35163872 PMCID: PMC8840242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prion disorders, or transmissible spongiform encephalophaties (TSE), are fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting mammals. Prion-infectious particles comprise of misfolded pathological prion proteins (PrPTSE). Different TSEs are associated with distinct PrPTSE folds called prion strains. The high resistance of prions to conventional sterilization increases the risk of prion transmission in medical, veterinary and food industry practices. Recently, we have demonstrated the ability of disulfonated hydroxyaluminum phthalocyanine to photodynamically inactivate mouse RML prions by generated singlet oxygen. Herein, we studied the efficiency of three phthalocyanine derivatives in photodynamic treatment of seven mouse adapted prion strains originating from sheep, human, and cow species. We report the different susceptibilities of the strains to photodynamic oxidative elimination of PrPTSE epitopes: RML, A139, Fu-1 > mBSE, mvCJD > ME7, 22L. The efficiency of the phthalocyanine derivatives in the epitope elimination also differed (AlPcOH(SO3)2 > ZnPc(SO3)1-3 > SiPc(OH)2(SO3)1-3) and was not correlated to the yields of generated singlet oxygen. Our data suggest that the structural properties of both the phthalocyanine and the PrPTSE strain may affect the effectiveness of the photodynamic prion inactivation. Our finding provides a new option for the discrimination of prion strains and highlights the necessity of utilizing range of prion strains when validating the photodynamic prion decontamination procedures.
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Dickerson SD, Ayare PJ, Vannucci AK, Wiskur SL. Exploration of silicon phthalocyanines as viable photocatalysts for organic transformations. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Baby A, Marcaud G, Dappe YJ, D'Angelo M, Cantin JL, Silly M, Fratesi G. Phthalocyanine reactivity and interaction on the 6H-SiC(0001)-(3×3) surface by core-level experiments and simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14937-14946. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of phthalocyanine (H2Pc) on the 6H-SiC(0001)-(3×3) surface is investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations....
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Carobeli LR, Meirelles LEDF, Damke GMZF, Damke E, de Souza MVF, Mari NL, Mashiba KH, Shinobu-Mesquita CS, Souza RP, da Silva VRS, Gonçalves RS, Caetano W, Consolaro MEL. Phthalocyanine and Its Formulations: A Promising Photosensitizer for Cervical Cancer Phototherapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122057. [PMID: 34959339 PMCID: PMC8705941 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Despite advances in current therapies, women with advanced or recurrent disease present poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative to treat oncological diseases such as cervical cancer. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are considered good photosensitizers (PS) for PDT, although most of them present high levels of aggregation and are lipophilic. Despite many investigations and encouraging results, Pcs have not been approved as PS for PDT of invasive cervical cancer yet. This review presents an overview on the pathophysiology of cervical cancer and summarizes the most recent developments on the physicochemical properties of Pcs and biological results obtained both in vitro in tumor-bearing mice and in clinical tests reported in the last five years. Current evidence indicates that Pcs have potential as pharmaceutical agents for anti-cervical cancer therapy. The authors firmly believe that Pc-based formulations could emerge as a privileged scaffold for the establishment of lead compounds for PDT against different types of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimara R. Carobeli
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Lyvia E. de F. Meirelles
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Gabrielle M. Z. F. Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Edilson Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria V. F. de Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Natália L. Mari
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Kayane H. Mashiba
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Cristiane S. Shinobu-Mesquita
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Raquel P. Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Vânia R. S. da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Renato S. Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Márcia E. L. Consolaro
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-44-3011-5455
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Vebber MC, Rice NA, Brusso JL, Lessard BH. Variance-resistant PTB7 and axially-substituted silicon phthalocyanines as active materials for high-Voc organic photovoltaics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15347. [PMID: 34321540 PMCID: PMC8319386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has improved drastically in the past decade, such devices rely on exorbitantly expensive materials that are unfeasible for commercial applications. Moreover, examples of high voltage single-junction devices, which are necessary for several applications, particularly low-power electronics and rechargeable batteries, are lacking in literature. Alternatively, silicon phthalocyanines (R2-SiPc) are inexpensive, industrially scalable organic semiconductors, having a minimal synthetic complexity (SC) index, and are capable of producing high voltages when used as acceptors in OPVs. In the present work, we have developed high voltage OPVs composed of poly({4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl] thieno [3,4 b]thiophenediyl}) (PTB7) and an SiPc derivative ((3BS)2-SiPc). While changes to the solvent system had a strong effect on performance, interestingly, the PTB7:(3BS)2-SiPc active layer were robust to spin speed, annealing and components ratio. This invariance is a desirable characteristic for industrial production. All PTB7:(3BS)2-SiPc devices produced high open circuit voltages between 1.0 and 1.07 V, while maintaining 80% of the overall efficiency, when compared to their fullerene-based counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C Vebber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nicole A Rice
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jaclyn L Brusso
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Lessard BH. The Rise of Silicon Phthalocyanine: From Organic Photovoltaics to Organic Thin Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31321-31330. [PMID: 34197065 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicon phthalocyanines are emerging n-type semiconductors for use in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Their low synthetic complexity paired with their versatile axial group facilitates the fine-tuning of their chemical properties, solution properties and processing characteristics without significantly affecting their frontier orbital levels or their absorption properties. The crystal engineering and film forming characteristics of silicon phthalocyanine semiconductors can be tuned through appropriate axial group functionalization, therefore facilitating their integration into both OTFTs and OPVs by solution processing or vapor deposition. This Spotlight on Applications will discuss recent advances in the integration of this exciting class of phthalocyanine into OTFTs and OPVs and highlights their promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Ogawa M, Takakura H. Photoimmunotherapy: A new cancer treatment using photochemical reactions. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 43:116274. [PMID: 34139484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a new molecular-targeted phototherapy in which administration of an antibody conjugated to IR700 (Ab-IR700, a phthalocyanine derivative) is followed by irradiation with near-infrared light. PIT induces cell death due to cell membrane damage, and the formation of IR700 aggregates on the cell membrane triggered by photochemical reactions is an important mechanism of cell killing. Specifically, water-soluble axial ligands of IR700 are cleaved by the photochemical reaction, and the phthalocyanine stacks up due to the π-π interaction, resulting in the formation of aggregates. In addition, the formation of IR700 radical anions and their protonation are essential for the progress of this photochemical reaction. The elucidation of these mechanisms may lead to the development of more effective compounds in the future. In addition, the optical properties of phthalocyanine are expected to expand the medical application of phthalocyanine derivatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Ogawa
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Hideo Takakura
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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