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De Luca A, Capuana E, Carbone C, Raimondi L, Carfì Pavia F, Brucato V, La Carrubba V, Giavaresi G. Three-dimensional (3D) polylactic acid gradient scaffold to study the behavior of osteosarcoma cells under dynamic conditions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:841-851. [PMID: 38185851 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This study adopts an in vitro method to recapitulate the behavior of Saos-2 cells, using a system composed of a perfusion bioreactor and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold fabricated using the low-cost thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. Four distinct scaffold morphologies with different pore sizes were fabricated, characterized by Scanning electron microscopy and micro-CT analysis and tested with osteosarcoma cells under static and dynamic environments to identify the best morphology for cellular growth. In order to accomplish this purpose, cell growth and matrix deposition of the Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell line were assessed using Picogreen and OsteoImage assays. The obtained data allowed us to identify the morphology that better promotes Saos-2 cellular activity in static and dynamic conditions. These findings provided valuable insights into scaffold design and fabrication strategies, emphasizing the importance of the dynamic culture to recreate an appropriate 3D osteosarcoma model. Remarkably, the gradient scaffold exhibits promise for osteosarcoma applications, offering the potential for targeted tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Luca
- Surgical Science and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Capuana
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Camilla Carbone
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- Surgical Science and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Brucato
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Surgical Science and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Zhang B. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of the fluid environment of 3D printed gradient structure in interfacial tissue engineering. Med Eng Phys 2024; 128:104173. [PMID: 38789213 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Mass transport properties within three-dimensional (3D) scaffold are essential for tissue regeneration, such as various fluid environmental cues influence mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. Recently, 3D printing has been emerging as a new technology for scaffold fabrication by controlling the scaffold pore geometry to affect cell growth environment. In this study, the flow field within scaffolds in a perfusion system was investigated with uniform structures, single gradient structures and complex gradient structures using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The CFD results from those uniform structures indicate the fluid velocity and fluid shear stress within the scaffold structure increased as the filament diameter increasing, pore width decreasing, pore shape decreased from 90° to 15°, and layer configuration changing from lattice to stagger structure. By assembling those uniform structure as single gradient structures, it is noted that the fluid dynamic characterisation within the scaffold remains the same as the corresponding uniform structures. A complex gradient structure was designed to mimic natural osteochondral tissue by assembly the uniform structures of filament diameter, pore width, pore shape and layer configuration. The results show that the fluid velocity and fluid shear stress within the complex gradient structure distribute gradually increasing and their maximum magnitude were from 1.15 to 3.20 mm/s, and from 12 to 39 mPa, respectively. CFD technique allows the prediction of velocity and fluid shear stress within the designed 3D gradient scaffolds, which would be beneficial for the tissue scaffold development for interfacial tissue engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.
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3
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Zhen C, Shi Y, Wang W, Zhou G, Li H, Lin G, Wang F, Tang B, Li X. Advancements in gradient bone scaffolds: enhancing bone regeneration in the treatment of various bone disorders. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032004. [PMID: 38688259 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Bone scaffolds are widely employed for treating various bone disorders, including defects, fractures, and accidents. Gradient bone scaffolds present a promising approach by incorporating gradients in shape, porosity, density, and other properties, mimicking the natural human body structure. This design offers several advantages over traditional scaffolds. A key advantage is the enhanced matching of human tissue properties, facilitating cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, the gradient structure fosters a smooth transition between scaffold and surrounding tissue, minimizing the risk of inflammation or rejection. Mechanical stability is also improved, providing better support for bone regeneration. Additionally, gradient bone scaffolds can integrate drug delivery systems, enabling controlled release of drugs or growth factors to promote specific cellular activities during the healing process. This comprehensive review examines the design aspects of gradient bone scaffolds, encompassing structure and drug delivery capabilities. By optimizing the scaffold's inherent advantages through gradient design, bone regeneration outcomes can be improved. The insights presented in this article contribute to the academic understanding of gradient bone scaffolds and their applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Zhen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
- School of Arts and Design, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhen Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingtao Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelin Li
- School of Arts and Design, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
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4
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Sanchez Armengol E, Hock N, Saribal S, To D, Summonte S, Veider F, Kali G, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Laffleur F. Unveiling the potential of biomaterials and their synergistic fusion in tissue engineering. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106761. [PMID: 38580169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by nature, tissue engineering aims to employ intricate mechanisms for advanced clinical interventions, unlocking inherent biological potential and propelling medical breakthroughs. Therefore, medical, and pharmaceutical fields are growing interest in tissue and organ replacement, repair, and regeneration by this technology. Three primary mechanisms are currently used in tissue engineering: transplantation of cells (I), injection of growth factors (II) and cellular seeding in scaffolds (III). However, to develop scaffolds presenting highest potential, reinforcement with polymeric materials is growing interest. For instance, natural and synthetic polymers can be used. Regardless, chitosan and keratin are two biopolymers presenting great biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-antigenic properties for tissue engineering purposes offering restoration and revitalization. Therefore, combination of chitosan and keratin has been studied and results exhibit highly porous scaffolds providing optimal environment for tissue cultivation. This review aims to give an historical as well as current overview of tissue engineering, presenting mechanisms used and polymers involved in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sanchez Armengol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nathalie Hock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; ITM Isotope Technologies Munich SE, Walther-von-Dyck Str. 4, 85748, Garching bei Munich, Germany
| | - Sila Saribal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dennis To
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simona Summonte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; ThioMatrix Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florina Veider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; Sandoz, Biochemiestraße 10, 6250, Kundl, Austria
| | - Gergely Kali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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5
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Rahimnejad M, Makkar H, Dal-Fabbro R, Malda J, Sriram G, Bottino MC. Biofabrication Strategies for Oral Soft Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304537. [PMID: 38529835 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Gingival recession, a prevalent condition affecting the gum tissues, is characterized by the exposure of tooth root surfaces due to the displacement of the gingival margin. This review explores conventional treatments, highlighting their limitations and the quest for innovative alternatives. Importantly, it emphasizes the critical considerations in gingival tissue engineering leveraging on cells, biomaterials, and signaling factors. Successful tissue-engineered gingival constructs hinge on strategic choices such as cell sources, scaffold design, mechanical properties, and growth factor delivery. Unveiling advancements in recent biofabrication technologies like 3D bioprinting, electrospinning, and microfluidic organ-on-chip systems, this review elucidates their precise control over cell arrangement, biomaterials, and signaling cues. These technologies empower the recapitulation of microphysiological features, enabling the development of gingival constructs that closely emulate the anatomical, physiological, and functional characteristics of native gingival tissues. The review explores diverse engineering strategies aiming at the biofabrication of realistic tissue-engineered gingival grafts. Further, the parallels between the skin and gingival tissues are highlighted, exploring the potential transfer of biofabrication approaches from skin tissue regeneration to gingival tissue engineering. To conclude, the exploration of innovative biofabrication technologies for gingival tissues and inspiration drawn from skin tissue engineering look forward to a transformative era in regenerative dentistry with improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hardik Makkar
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Renan Dal-Fabbro
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jos Malda
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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6
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Zadegan S, Vahidi B, Nourmohammadi J, Shojaee A, Haghighipour N. Evaluation of rabbit adipose derived stem cells fate in perfused multilayered silk fibroin composite scaffold for Osteochondral repair. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35396. [PMID: 38433653 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Development of osteochondral tissue engineering approaches using scaffolds seeded with stem cells in association with mechanical stimulations has been recently considered as a promising technique for the repair of this tissue. In this study, an integrated and biomimetic trilayered silk fibroin (SF) scaffold containing SF nanofibers in each layer was fabricated. The osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of stem cells seeded on the fabricated scaffolds were investigated under a perfusion flow. 3-Dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that the perfusion flow significantly enhanced cell viability and proliferation. Analysis of gene expression by stem cells revealed that perfusion flow had significantly upregulated the expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic genes in the bone and cartilage layers and downregulated the hypertrophic gene expression in the intermediate layer of the scaffold. In conclusion, applying flow perfusion on the prepared integrated trilayered SF-based scaffold can support osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation for repairing osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zadegan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Vahidi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jhamak Nourmohammadi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Shojaee
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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7
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Liu G, Wei X, Zhai Y, Zhang J, Li J, Zhao Z, Guan T, Zhao D. 3D printed osteochondral scaffolds: design strategies, present applications and future perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1339916. [PMID: 38425994 PMCID: PMC10902174 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1339916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Articular osteochondral (OC) defects are a global clinical problem characterized by loss of full-thickness articular cartilage with underlying calcified cartilage through to the subchondral bone. While current surgical treatments can relieve pain, none of them can completely repair all components of the OC unit and restore its original function. With the rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, admirable progress has been made in bone and cartilage reconstruction, providing new strategies for restoring joint function. 3D printing has the advantages of fast speed, high precision, and personalized customization to meet the requirements of irregular geometry, differentiated composition, and multi-layered boundary layer structures of joint OC scaffolds. This review captures the original published researches on the application of 3D printing technology to the repair of entire OC units and provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in 3D printed OC scaffolds. We first introduce the gradient structure and biological properties of articular OC tissue. The considerations for the development of 3D printed OC scaffolds are emphatically summarized, including material types, fabrication techniques, structural design and seed cells. Especially from the perspective of material composition and structural design, the classification, characteristics and latest research progress of discrete gradient scaffolds (biphasic, triphasic and multiphasic scaffolds) and continuous gradient scaffolds (gradient material and/or structure, and gradient interface) are summarized. Finally, we also describe the important progress and application prospect of 3D printing technology in OC interface regeneration. 3D printing technology for OC reconstruction should simulate the gradient structure of subchondral bone and cartilage. Therefore, we must not only strengthen the basic research on OC structure, but also continue to explore the role of 3D printing technology in OC tissue engineering. This will enable better structural and functional bionics of OC scaffolds, ultimately improving the repair of OC defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yun Zhai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingrun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianmin Guan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China
| | - Deiwei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
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Shahriar SMS, Polavoram NS, Andrabi SM, Su Y, Lee D, Tran HQ, Schindler SJ, Xie J. Transforming layered 2D mats into multiphasic 3D nanofiber scaffolds with tailored gradient features for tissue regeneration. BMEMAT 2024; 2:e12065. [PMID: 38586163 PMCID: PMC10997325 DOI: 10.1002/bmm2.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Multiphasic scaffolds with tailored gradient features hold significant promise for tissue regeneration applications. Herein, this work reports the transformation of two-dimensional (2D) layered fiber mats into three dimensional (3D) multiphasic scaffolds using a 'solids-of-revolution' inspired gas-foaming expansion technology. These scaffolds feature precise control over fiber alignment, pore size, and regional structure. Manipulating nanofiber mat layers and Pluronic F127 concentrations allows further customization of pore size and fiber alignment within different scaffold regions. The cellular response to multiphasic scaffolds demonstrates the number of cells migrated and proliferated onto the scaffolds are mainly dependent on the pore size rather than fiber alignment. In vivo subcutaneous implantation of multiphasic scaffolds to rats reveals substantial cell infiltration, neo tissue formation, collagen deposition, and new vessel formation within scaffolds, greatly surpassing the capabilities of traditional nanofiber mats. Histological examination indicates the importance of optimizing pore size and fiber alignment for promotion of cell infiltration and tissue regeneration. Overall, these scaffolds have potential applications in tissue modeling, studying tissue-tissue interactions, interface tissue engineering, and high-throughput screening for optimized tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Shatil Shahriar
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Navatha Shree Polavoram
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Syed Muntazir Andrabi
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Huy Quang Tran
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Samantha J. Schindler
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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Li Y, Huang X, Fu W, Zhang Z, Xiao K, Lv H. Preparation of PDA-GO/CS composite scaffold and its effects on the biological properties of human dental pulp stem cells. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:157. [PMID: 38297260 PMCID: PMC10832331 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is an graphene oxide (GO) derivative of graphene, which has a large specific surface area and exhibited satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. In this experiment, GO was reduced by PDA to generate PDA-GO complex, and then PDA-GO was combined with Chitosan (CS) to synthesize PDA-GO/CS composite scaffold. PDA-GO was added to CS to improve the degradation rate of CS, and it was hoped that PDA-GO/CS composite scaffolds could be used in bone tissue engineering. Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the different composite scaffolds were examined to find the optimal mass fraction. Besides, we examined the scaffold's biocompatibility by Phalloidin staining and Live and Dead fluorescent staining.Finally, we applied ALP staining, RT-qPCR, and Alizarin red S staining to detect the effect of PDA-GO/CS on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The results showed that PDA-GO composite was successfully prepared and PDA-GO/CS composite scaffold was synthesized by combining PDA-GO with CS. Among them, 0.3%PDA-GO/CS scaffolds improves the antibacterial activity and hydrophilicity of CS, while reducing the degradation rate. In vitro, PDA-GO/CS has superior biocompatibility and enhances the early proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. In conclusion, PDA-GO/CS is a new scaffold materialsuitable for cell culture and has promising application prospect as scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihao Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuancheng Xiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Lv
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Bontempi M, Marchiori G, Petretta M, Capozza R, Grigolo B, Giavaresi G, Gambardella A. Nanomechanical Mapping of Three Dimensionally Printed Poly-ε-Caprolactone Single Microfibers at the Cell Scale for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:617. [PMID: 38132556 PMCID: PMC10742115 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) has been widely used in additive manufacturing for the construction of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. However, its use is limited by its lack of bioactivity and inability to induce cell adhesion, hence limiting bone tissue regeneration. Biomimicry is strongly influenced by the dynamics of cell-substrate interaction. Thus, characterizing scaffolds at the cell scale could help to better understand the relationship between surface mechanics and biological response. We conducted atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation on 3D-printed PCL fibers of ~300 µm thickness and mapped the near-surface Young's modulus at loading forces below 50 nN. In this non-disruptive regime, force mapping did not show clear patterns in the spatial distribution of moduli or a relationship with the topographic asperities within a given region. Remarkably, we found that the average modulus increased linearly with the logarithm of the strain rate. Finally, a dependence of the moduli on the history of nanoindentation was demonstrated on locations of repeated nanoindentations, likely due to creep phenomena capable of hindering viscoelasticity. Our findings can contribute to the rational design of scaffolds for bone regeneration that are capable of inducing cell adhesion and proliferation. The methodologies described are potentially applicable to various tissue-engineered biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bontempi
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Gregorio Marchiori
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Mauro Petretta
- REGENHU SA, Z.I Du Vivier 22, CH-1690 Villaz-St-Pierre, Switzerland;
| | - Rosario Capozza
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK;
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Alessandro Gambardella
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
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11
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Olivero E, Gawronska E, Manimuda P, Jivani D, Chaggan FZ, Corey Z, de Almeida TS, Kaplan-Bie J, McIntyre G, Wodo O, Nalam PC. Gradient porous structures of mycelium: a quantitative structure-mechanical property analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19285. [PMID: 37935723 PMCID: PMC10630317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gradient porous structures (GPS) are characterized by structural variations along a specific direction, leading to enhanced mechanical and functional properties compared to homogeneous structures. This study explores the potential of mycelium, the root part of a fungus, as a biomaterial for generating GPS. During the intentional growth of mycelium, the filamentous network undergoes structural changes as the hyphae grow away from the feed substrate. Through microstructural analysis of sections obtained from the mycelium tissue, systematic variations in fiber characteristics (such as fiber radii distribution, crosslink density, network density, segment length) and pore characteristics (including pore size, number, porosity) are observed. Furthermore, the mesoscale mechanical moduli of the mycelium networks exhibit a gradual variation in local elastic modulus, with a significant change of approximately 50% across a 30 mm thick mycelium tissue. The structure-property analysis reveals a direct correlation between the local mechanical moduli and the network crosslink density of the mycelium. This study presents the potential of controlling growth conditions to generate mycelium-based GPS with desired functional properties. This approach, which is both sustainable and economically viable, expands the applications of mycelium-based GPS to include filtration membranes, bio-scaffolds, tissue regeneration platforms, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Olivero
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14226, USA
| | - Elzbieta Gawronska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42201, Czestochowa, Poland
| | | | - Devyani Jivani
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14226, USA
| | | | - Zachary Corey
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14226, USA
| | | | | | - Gavin McIntyre
- Ecovative Design LLC, 60 Cohoes Ave, Green Island, NY, 12183, USA
| | - Olga Wodo
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14226, USA.
| | - Prathima C Nalam
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14226, USA.
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12
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Gao Y, Zhang X, Zhou H. Biomimetic Hydrogel Applications and Challenges in Bone, Cartilage, and Nerve Repair. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2405. [PMID: 37896165 PMCID: PMC10609742 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is a highly sought-after field for researchers aiming to compensate and repair defective tissues. However, the design and development of suitable scaffold materials with bioactivity for application in tissue repair and regeneration has been a great challenge. In recent years, biomimetic hydrogels have shown great possibilities for use in tissue engineering, where they can tune mechanical properties and biological properties through functional chemical modifications. Also, biomimetic hydrogels provide three-dimensional (3D) network spatial structures that can imitate normal tissue microenvironments and integrate cells, scaffolds, and bioactive substances for tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the growing interest in various hydrogels for biomedical use in previous decades, there are still many aspects of biomimetic hydrogels that need to be understood for biomedical and clinical trial applications. This review systematically describes the preparation of biomimetic hydrogels and their characteristics, and it details the use of biomimetic hydrogels in bone, cartilage, and nerve tissue repair. In addition, this review outlines the application of biomimetic hydrogels in bone, cartilage, and neural tissues regarding drug delivery. In particular, the advantages and shortcomings of biomimetic hydrogels in biomaterial tissue engineering are highlighted, and future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
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13
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Zhang H, Wang M, Wu R, Guo J, Sun A, Li Z, Ye R, Xu G, Cheng Y. From materials to clinical use: advances in 3D-printed scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24244-24263. [PMID: 37698006 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis caused by articular cartilage defects is a particularly common orthopedic disease that can involve the entire joint, causing great pain to its sufferers. A global patient population of approximately 250 million people has an increasing demand for new therapies with excellent results, and tissue engineering scaffolds have been proposed as a potential strategy for the repair and reconstruction of cartilage defects. The precise control and high flexibility of 3D printing provide a platform for subversive innovation. In this perspective, cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) scaffolds manufactured using different biomaterials are summarized from the perspective of 3D printing strategies, the bionic structure strategies and special functional designs are classified and discussed, and the advantages and limitations of these CTE scaffold preparation strategies are analyzed in detail. Finally, the application prospect and challenges of 3D printed CTE scaffolds are discussed, providing enlightening insights for their current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Zhang
- School of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanic, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo First Hospital Longshan Hospital Medical and Health Group, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Aihua Sun
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Zhixiang Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Ruqing Ye
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
| | - Gaojie Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Yuchuan Cheng
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
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14
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Yang Z, Wang B, Liu W, Li X, Liang K, Fan Z, Li JJ, Niu Y, He Z, Li H, Wang D, Lin J, Du Y, Lin J, Xing D. In situ self-assembled organoid for osteochondral tissue regeneration with dual functional units. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:200-215. [PMID: 37096194 PMCID: PMC10121637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of hierarchical osteochondral units is challenging due to difficulties in inducing spatial, directional and controllable differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cartilage and bone compartments. Emerging organoid technology offers new opportunities for osteochondral regeneration. In this study, we developed gelatin-based microcryogels customized using hyaluronic acid (HA) and hydroxyapatite (HYP), respectively for inducing cartilage and bone regeneration (denoted as CH-Microcryogels and OS-Microcryogels) through in vivo self-assembly into osteochondral organoids. The customized microcryogels showed good cytocompatibility and induced chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, while also demonstrating the ability to self-assemble into osteochondral organoids with no delamination in the biphasic cartilage-bone structure. Analysis by mRNA-seq showed that CH-Microcryogels promoted chondrogenic differentiation and inhibited inflammation, while OS-Microcryogels facilitated osteogenic differentiation and suppressed the immune response, by regulating specific signaling pathways. Finally, the in vivo engraftment of pre-differentiated customized microcryogels into canine osteochondral defects resulted in the spontaneous assembly of an osteochondral unit, inducing simultaneous regeneration of both articular cartilage and subchondral bone. In conclusion, this novel approach for generating self-assembling osteochondral organoids utilizing tailor-made microcryogels presents a highly promising avenue for advancing the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Xiaoke Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Kaini Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Zejun Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yudi Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Zihao He
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hui Li
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Du Wang
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jianjing Lin
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China.
| | - Jianhao Lin
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Corresponding author. Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Dan Xing
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Corresponding author. Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
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15
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Chen R, Pye JS, Li J, Little CB, Li JJ. Multiphasic scaffolds for the repair of osteochondral defects: Outcomes of preclinical studies. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:505-545. [PMID: 37180643 PMCID: PMC10173014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defects are caused by injury to both the articular cartilage and subchondral bone within skeletal joints. They can lead to irreversible joint damage and increase the risk of progression to osteoarthritis. Current treatments for osteochondral injuries are not curative and only target symptoms, highlighting the need for a tissue engineering solution. Scaffold-based approaches can be used to assist osteochondral tissue regeneration, where biomaterials tailored to the properties of cartilage and bone are used to restore the defect and minimise the risk of further joint degeneration. This review captures original research studies published since 2015, on multiphasic scaffolds used to treat osteochondral defects in animal models. These studies used an extensive range of biomaterials for scaffold fabrication, consisting mainly of natural and synthetic polymers. Different methods were used to create multiphasic scaffold designs, including by integrating or fabricating multiple layers, creating gradients, or through the addition of factors such as minerals, growth factors, and cells. The studies used a variety of animals to model osteochondral defects, where rabbits were the most commonly chosen and the vast majority of studies reported small rather than large animal models. The few available clinical studies reporting cell-free scaffolds have shown promising early-stage results in osteochondral repair, but long-term follow-up is necessary to demonstrate consistency in defect restoration. Overall, preclinical studies of multiphasic scaffolds show favourable results in simultaneously regenerating cartilage and bone in animal models of osteochondral defects, suggesting that biomaterials-based tissue engineering strategies may be a promising solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouyan Chen
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jasmine Sarah Pye
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jiarong Li
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Christopher B. Little
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Corresponding author. Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Lab, Kolling Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Corresponding author. School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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16
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Peng Y, Zhuang Y, Liu Y, Le H, Li D, Zhang M, Liu K, Zhang Y, Zuo J, Ding J. Bioinspired gradient scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210043. [PMID: 37933242 PMCID: PMC10624381 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Repairing articular osteochondral defects present considerable challenges in self-repair due to the complex tissue structure and low proliferation of chondrocytes. Conventional clinical therapies have not shown significant efficacy, including microfracture, autologous/allograft osteochondral transplantation, and cell-based techniques. Therefore, tissue engineering has been widely explored in repairing osteochondral defects by leveraging the natural regenerative potential of biomaterials to control cell functions. However, osteochondral tissue is a gradient structure with a smooth transition from the cartilage to subchondral bone, involving changes in chondrocyte morphologies and phenotypes, extracellular matrix components, collagen type and orientation, and cytokines. Bioinspired scaffolds have been developed by simulating gradient characteristics in heterogeneous tissues, such as the pores, components, and osteochondrogenesis-inducing factors, to satisfy the anisotropic features of osteochondral matrices. Bioinspired gradient scaffolds repair osteochondral defects by altering the microenvironments of cell growth to induce osteochondrogenesis and promote the formation of osteochondral interfaces compared with homogeneous scaffolds. This review outlines the meaningful strategies for repairing osteochondral defects by tissue engineering based on gradient scaffolds and predicts the pros and cons of prospective translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Peng
- Department of OrthopedicsChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Yaling Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
- Institute of BioengineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Hanxiang Le
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Mingran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunP. R. China
| | - Jianlin Zuo
- Department of OrthopedicsChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunP. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiP. R. China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
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17
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Yu L, Cavelier S, Hannon B, Wei M. Recent development in multizonal scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:122-159. [PMID: 36817819 PMCID: PMC9931622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) repair is an extremely challenging topic due to the complex biphasic structure and poor intrinsic regenerative capability of natural osteochondral tissue. In contrast to the current surgical approaches which yield only short-term relief of symptoms, tissue engineering strategy has been shown more promising outcomes in treating OC defects since its emergence in the 1990s. In particular, the use of multizonal scaffolds (MZSs) that mimic the gradient transitions, from cartilage surface to the subchondral bone with either continuous or discontinuous compositions, structures, and properties of natural OC tissue, has been gaining momentum in recent years. Scrutinizing the latest developments in the field, this review offers a comprehensive summary of recent advances, current hurdles, and future perspectives of OC repair, particularly the use of MZSs including bilayered, trilayered, multilayered, and gradient scaffolds, by bringing together onerous demands of architecture designs, material selections, manufacturing techniques as well as the choices of growth factors and cells, each of which possesses its unique challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Sacha Cavelier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Brett Hannon
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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18
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Hu Y, Yin X, Ding H, Kang M, Liang S, Wei Y, Huang D. Multilayer functional bionic fabricated polycaprolactone based fibrous membranes for osteochondral integrated repair. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113279. [PMID: 36989815 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral defect repair is one of the challenging problems in orthopedics. In this study, a multilayer polycaprolactone (PCL) based fibrous membrane for osteochondral defect repair was biomimetically fabricated by combining self-induced crystallization, biomimetic mineralization and layer-by-layer electrospinning techniques. The multilayer functional bionic fibrous membrane consisted of cartilage repair layer, intermediate transition repair layer and subchondral bone repair layer. Glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) encapsulated in core-shell structured PCL fibrous membrane (MGPCL) was suitable for cartilage repair. Shish-kebab (SK) structured PCL fibrous membrane with calcium phosphate coating (MSKPCL) was designed for subchondral bone repair. SK structured MGPCL fibrous membrane (SKMGPCL) was used as intermediate transition repair. The tensile modulus of MG/SKMG/MSKPCL fibrous membrane was 34.24 ± 2.39 MPa which met the requirements of cartilage and subchondral bone repair scaffolds, and in vitro culture results showed that MG/SKMG/MSKPCL fibrous membrane had good biological activity and osteogenic ability. These results showed that MG/SKMG/MSKPCL fibrous membrane provides a promising material basis for osteochondral integrated repair scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchun Hu
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, PR China.
| | - Xiangfei Yin
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Huixiu Ding
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Min Kang
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Shan Liang
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Yan Wei
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, PR China
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19
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Marcelino P, Silva JC, Moura CS, Meneses J, Cordeiro R, Alves N, Pascoal-Faria P, Ferreira FC. A Novel Approach for Design and Manufacturing of Curvature-Featuring Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092129. [PMID: 37177275 PMCID: PMC10181173 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) defects affect both articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. Due to limitations in the cartilage tissue's self-healing capabilities, OC defects exhibit a degenerative progression to which current therapies have not yet found a suitable long-term solution. Tissue engineering (TE) strategies aim to fabricate tissue substitutes that recreate natural tissue features to offer better alternatives to the existing inefficient treatments. Scaffold design is a key element in providing appropriate structures for tissue growth and maturation. This study presents a novel method for designing scaffolds with a mathematically defined curvature, based on the geometry of a sphere, to obtain TE constructs mimicking native OC tissue shape. The lower the designed radius, the more curved the scaffold obtained. The printability of the scaffolds using fused filament fabrication (FFF) was evaluated. For the case-study scaffold size (20.1 mm × 20.1 mm projected dimensions), a limit sphere radius of 17.064 mm was determined to ensure printability feasibility, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) analysis. The FFF method proved suitable to reproduce the curved designs, showing good shape fidelity and replicating the expected variation in porosity. Additionally, the mechanical behavior was evaluated experimentally and by numerical modelling. Experimentally, curved scaffolds showed strength comparable to conventional orthogonal scaffolds, and finite element analysis was used to identify the scaffold regions more susceptible to higher loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marcelino
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - Carla S Moura
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems (ARISE), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços-S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Meneses
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - Rachel Cordeiro
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alves
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems (ARISE), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4163, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Paula Pascoal-Faria
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems (ARISE), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Mathematics, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4163, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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20
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Tampieri A, Kon E, Sandri M, Campodoni E, Dapporto M, Sprio S. Marine-Inspired Approaches as a Smart Tool to Face Osteochondral Regeneration. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040212. [PMID: 37103351 PMCID: PMC10145639 DOI: 10.3390/md21040212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of osteochondral tissue represents one of the major causes of disability in modern society and it is expected to fuel the demand for new solutions to repair and regenerate the damaged articular joints. In particular, osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common complication in articular diseases and a leading cause of chronic disability affecting a steady increasing number of people. The regeneration of osteochondral (OC) defects is one of the most challenging tasks in orthopedics since this anatomical region is composed of different tissues, characterized by antithetic features and functionalities, in tight connection to work together as a joint. The altered structural and mechanical joint environment impairs the natural tissue metabolism, thus making OC regeneration even more challenging. In this scenario, marine-derived ingredients elicit ever-increased interest for biomedical applications as a result of their outstanding mechanical and multiple biologic properties. The review highlights the possibility to exploit such unique features using a combination of bio-inspired synthesis process and 3D manufacturing technologies, relevant to generate compositionally and structurally graded hybrid constructs reproducing the smart architecture and biomechanical functions of natural OC regions.
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21
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Banihashemian A, Benisi SZ, Hosseinzadeh S, Shojaei S. Biomimetic biphasic scaffolds in osteochondral tissue engineering: Their composition, structure and consequences. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152023. [PMID: 36940532 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to the design and construction of biomimetic scaffolds for osteochondral tissue, show increasing advances. Considering the limitations of this tissue in terms of repair and regeneration, there is a need to develop appropriately designed scaffolds. A combination of biodegradable polymers especially natural polymers and bioactive ceramics, shows promise in this field. Due to the complicated architecture of this tissue, biphasic and multiphasic scaffolds containing two or more different layers, could mimic the physiology and function of this tissue with a higher degree of similarity. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the approaches focused on the application of biphasic scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering, common methods of combining layers and the ultimate consequences of their use in patients were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolvahab Banihashemian
- Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Department, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soheila Zamanlui Benisi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahrokh Shojaei
- Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Pattnaik A, Sanket AS, Pradhan S, Sahoo R, Das S, Pany S, Douglas TEL, Dandela R, Liu Q, Rajadas J, Pati S, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Samal SK. Designing of gradient scaffolds and their applications in tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122078. [PMID: 36921442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Gradient scaffolds are isotropic/anisotropic three-dimensional structures with gradual transitions in geometry, density, porosity, stiffness, etc., that mimic the biological extracellular matrix. The gradient structures in biological tissues play a major role in various functional and metabolic activities in the body. The designing of gradients in the scaffold can overcome the current challenges in the clinic compared to conventional scaffolds by exhibiting excellent penetration capacity for nutrients & cells, increased cellular adhesion, cell viability & differentiation, improved mechanical stability, and biocompatibility. In this review, the recent advancements in designing gradient scaffolds with desired biomimetic properties, and their implication in tissue regeneration applications have been briefly explained. Furthermore, the gradients in native tissues such as bone, cartilage, neuron, cardiovascular, skin and their specific utility in tissue regeneration have been discussed in detail. The insights from such advances using gradient-based scaffolds can widen the horizon for using gradient biomaterials in tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Pattnaik
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - A Swaroop Sanket
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, 751030, Odisha, India
| | - Rajashree Sahoo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sudiptee Das
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Swarnaprbha Pany
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Timothy E L Douglas
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian Oil Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Qiang Liu
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, 94304, USA
| | - Jaykumar Rajadas
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, 94304, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francusco (UCSF) School of Parmacy, California, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sangram Keshari Samal
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India.
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23
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Gurgul SJ, Moreira A, Xiao Y, Varma SN, Liu C, Costa PF, Williams GR. Electrosprayed Particles Loaded with Kartogenin as a Potential Osteochondral Repair Implant. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051275. [PMID: 36904516 PMCID: PMC10007262 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The restoration of cartilage damage is a slow and not always successful process. Kartogenin (KGN) has significant potential in this space-it is able to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells and protect articular chondrocytes. In this work, a series of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based particles loaded with KGN were successfully electrosprayed. In this family of materials, PLGA was blended with a hydrophilic polymer (either polyethyleneglycol (PEG) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) to control the release rate. Spherical particles with sizes in the range of 2.4-4.1 µm were fabricated. They were found to comprise amorphous solid dispersions, with high entrapment efficiencies of >93%. The various blends of polymers had a range of release profiles. The PLGA-KGN particles displayed the slowest release rate, and blending with PVP or PEG led to faster release profiles, with most systems giving a high burst release in the first 24 h. The range of release profiles observed offers the potential to provide a precisely tailored profile via preparing physical mixtures of the materials. The formulations are highly cytocompatible with primary human osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Xiao
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Swastina Nath Varma
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4AP, UK
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4AP, UK
| | | | - Gareth R. Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0203-987-2817
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24
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Bertsch C, Maréchal H, Gribova V, Lévy B, Debry C, Lavalle P, Fath L. Biomimetic Bilayered Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: From Current Design Strategies to Medical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203115. [PMID: 36807830 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage due to cancer, congenital anomalies, and injuries needs new efficient treatments that allow tissue regeneration. In this context, tissue engineering shows a great potential to restore the native architecture and function of damaged tissues, by combining cells with specific scaffolds. Scaffolds made of natural and/or synthetic polymers and sometimes ceramics play a key role in guiding cell growth and formation of the new tissues. Monolayered scaffolds, which consist of uniform material structure, are reported as not being sufficient to mimic complex biological environment of the tissues. Osteochondral, cutaneous, vascular, and many other tissues all have multilayered structures, therefore multilayered scaffolds seem more advantageous to regenerate these tissues. In this review, recent advances in bilayered scaffolds design applied to regeneration of vascular, bone, cartilage, skin, periodontal, urinary bladder, and tracheal tissues are focused on. After a short introduction on tissue anatomy, composition and fabrication techniques of bilayered scaffolds are explained. Then, experimental results obtained in vitro and in vivo are described, and their limitations are given. Finally, difficulties in scaling up production of bilayer scaffolds and reaching the stage of clinical studies are discussed when multiple scaffold components are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Bertsch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Hélène Maréchal
- Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67200, France
| | - Varvara Gribova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Benjamin Lévy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Christian Debry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France.,Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67200, France
| | - Philippe Lavalle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Léa Fath
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France.,Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67200, France
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25
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Adhikari J, Roy A, Chanda A, D A G, Thomas S, Ghosh M, Kim J, Saha P. Effects of surface patterning and topography on the cellular functions of tissue engineered scaffolds with special reference to 3D bioprinting. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1236-1269. [PMID: 36644788 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01499h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue organ exhibits a topography from the nano to micrometer range, and the design of scaffolds has been inspired by the host environment. Modern bioprinting aims to replicate the host tissue environment to mimic the native physiological functions. A detailed discussion on the topographical features controlling cell attachment, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the effect of geometrical design on the wettability and mechanical properties of the scaffold are presented in this review. Moreover, geometrical pattern-mediated stiffness and pore arrangement variations for guiding cell functions have also been discussed. This review also covers the application of designed patterns, gradients, or topographic modulation on 3D bioprinted structures in fabricating the anisotropic features. Finally, this review accounts for the tissue-specific requirements that can be adopted for topography-motivated enhancement of cellular functions during the fabrication process with a special thrust on bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Adhikari
- School of Advanced Materials, Green Energy and Sensor Systems, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Avinava Roy
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Chanda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Gouripriya D A
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, West Bengal 700091, India.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, MG University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Manojit Ghosh
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Jinku Kim
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, South Korea.
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, West Bengal 700091, India.
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26
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Chen L, Wei L, Su X, Qin L, Xu Z, Huang X, Chen H, Hu N. Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020213. [PMID: 36829707 PMCID: PMC9952804 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) defects cannot adequately repair themselves due to their sophisticated layered structure and lack of blood supply in cartilage. Although therapeutic interventions are reaching an advanced stage, current clinical therapies to repair defects are in their infancy. Among the possible therapies, OC tissue engineering has shown considerable promise, and multiple approaches utilizing scaffolds, cells, and bioactive factors have been pursued. The most recent trend in OC tissue engineering has been to design gradient scaffolds using different materials and construction strategies (such as bi-layered, multi-layered, and continuous gradient structures) to mimic the physiological and mechanical properties of OC tissues while further enabling OC repair. This review focuses specifically on design and construction strategies for gradient scaffolds and their role in the successful engineering of OC tissues. The current dilemmas in the field of OC defect repair and the efforts of tissue engineering to address these challenges were reviewed. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the typical fabrication techniques for gradient scaffolds were discussed, with examples of recent studies summarizing the future prospects for integrated gradient scaffold construction. This updated and enlightening review could provide insights into our current understanding of gradient scaffolds in OC tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao Huang
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (H.C.); (N.H.); Tel.: +86-023-89011202 (X.H. & H.C. & N.H.)
| | - Hong Chen
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (H.C.); (N.H.); Tel.: +86-023-89011202 (X.H. & H.C. & N.H.)
| | - Ning Hu
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (H.C.); (N.H.); Tel.: +86-023-89011202 (X.H. & H.C. & N.H.)
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27
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Niu X, Li N, Du Z, Li X. Integrated gradient tissue-engineered osteochondral scaffolds: Challenges, current efforts and future perspectives. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:574-597. [PMID: 35846846 PMCID: PMC9254262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The osteochondral defect repair has been most extensively studied due to the rising demand for new therapies to diseases such as osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering has been proposed as a promising strategy to meet the demand of simultaneous regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone by constructing integrated gradient tissue-engineered osteochondral scaffold (IGTEOS). This review brought forward the main challenges of establishing a satisfactory IGTEOS from the perspectives of the complexity of physiology and microenvironment of osteochondral tissue, and the limitations of obtaining the desired and required scaffold. Then, we comprehensively discussed and summarized the current tissue-engineered efforts to resolve the above challenges, including architecture strategies, fabrication techniques and in vitro/in vivo evaluation methods of the IGTEOS. Especially, we highlighted the advantages and limitations of various fabrication techniques of IGTEOS, and common cases of IGTEOS application. Finally, based on the above challenges and current research progress, we analyzed in details the future perspectives of tissue-engineered osteochondral construct, so as to achieve the perfect reconstruction of the cartilaginous and osseous layers of osteochondral tissue simultaneously. This comprehensive and instructive review could provide deep insights into our current understanding of IGTEOS. Providing main challenges to establish integrated gradient osteochondral scaffold. Discussing the current tissue-engineered efforts to resolve the above challenges. Highlighting construct techniques, and evaluation index and methods of IGTEOS. Discussing the future perspectives to achieve perfect osteochondral reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Niu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding, 072350, China
| | - Zhipo Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding, 072350, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Corresponding author.
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28
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Jalandhra GK, Molley TG, Hung TT, Roohani I, Kilian KA. In situ formation of osteochondral interfaces through "bone-ink" printing in tailored microgel suspensions. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:75-87. [PMID: 36055612 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue has a complex hierarchical structure spanning subchondral bone to articular cartilage. Biomaterials approaches to mimic and repair these interfaces have had limited success, largely due to challenges in fabricating composite hard-soft interfaces with living cells. Biofabrication approaches have emerged as attractive methods to form osteochondral analogues through additive assembly of hard and soft components. We have developed a unique printing platform that is able to integrate soft and hard materials concurrently through freeform printing of mineralized constructs within tunable microgel suspensions containing living cells. A library of microgels based on gelatin were prepared, where the stiffness of the microgels and a liquid "filler" phase can be tuned for bioprinting while simultaneously directing differentiation. Tuning microgel stiffness and filler content differentially directs chondrogenesis and osteogenesis within the same construct, demonstrating how this technique can be used to fabricate osteochondral interfaces in a single step. Printing of a rapidly setting calcium phosphate cement, so called "bone-ink" within a cell laden suspension bath further guides differentiation, where the cells adjacent to the nucleated hydroxyapatite phase undergo osteogenesis with cells in the surrounding medium undergoing chondrogenesis. In this way, bone analogues with hierarchical structure can be formed within cell-laden gradient soft matrices to yield multiphasic osteochondral constructs. This technique provides a versatile one-pot biofabrication approach without harsh post-processing which will aid efforts in bone disease modelling and tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper demonstrates the first example of a biofabrication approach to rapidly form osteochondral constructs in a single step under physiological conditions. Key to this advance is a tunable suspension of extracellular matrix microgels that are packed together with stem cells, providing a unique and modular scaffolding for guiding the simultaneous formation of bone and cartilage tissue. The physical properties of the suspension allow direct writing of a ceramic "bone-ink", resulting in an ordered structure of microscale hydrogels, living cells, and bone mimics in a single step. This platform reveals a simple approach to making complex skeletal tissue for disease modelling, with the possibility of repairing and replacing bone-cartilage interfaces in the clinic using a patient's own cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan K Jalandhra
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052
| | - Thomas G Molley
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052
| | - Tzong-Tyng Hung
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052
| | - Iman Roohani
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052.
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29
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Zheng G, Xue C, Cao F, Hu M, Li M, Xie H, Yu W, Zhao D. Effect of the uronic acid composition of alginate in alginate/collagen hybrid hydrogel on chondrocyte behavior. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1118975. [PMID: 36959903 PMCID: PMC10027720 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1118975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Developing a culture system that can effectively maintain chondrocyte phenotype and functionalization is a promising strategy for cartilage repair. Methods: An alginate/collagen (ALG/COL) hybrid hydrogel using different guluronate/mannuronate acid ratio (G/M ratio) of alginates (a G/M ratio of 64/36 and a G/M ratio of 34/66) with collagen was developed. The effects of G/M ratios on the properties of hydrogels and their effects on the chondrocytes behaviors were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the mechanical stiffness of the hydrogel was significantly affected by the G/M ratios of alginate. Chondrocytes cultured on Mid-G/M hydrogels exhibited better viability and phenotype preservation. Moreover, RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of cartilage-specific genes, including SOX9, COL2, and aggrecan was increased while the expression of RAC and ROCK1 was decreased in chondrocytes cultured on Mid-G/M hydrogels. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that Mid-G/M hydrogels provided suitable matrix conditions for cultivating chondrocytes and may be useful in cartilage tissue engineering. More importantly, the results indicated the importance of taking alginate G/M ratios into account when designing alginate-based composite materials for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuang Zheng
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
| | - Chundong Xue
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
| | - Minghui Hu
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
| | - Maoyuan Li
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Xie
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Weiting Yu
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Dewei Zhao, ; Weiting Yu,
| | - Dewei Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Dewei Zhao, ; Weiting Yu,
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30
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Barui S, Ghosh D, Laurencin CT. Osteochondral regenerative engineering: challenges, state-of-the-art and translational perspectives. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac109. [PMID: 36683736 PMCID: PMC9845524 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite quantum leaps, the biomimetic regeneration of cartilage and osteochondral regeneration remains a major challenge, owing to the complex and hierarchical nature of compositional, structural and functional properties. In this review, an account of the prevailing challenges in biomimicking the gradients in porous microstructure, cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) orientation is presented. Further, the spatial arrangement of the cues in inducing vascularization in the subchondral bone region while maintaining the avascular nature of the adjacent cartilage layer is highlighted. With rapid advancement in biomaterials science, biofabrication tools and strategies, the state-of-the-art in osteochondral regeneration since the last decade has expansively elaborated. This includes conventional and additive manufacturing of synthetic/natural/ECM-based biomaterials, tissue-specific/mesenchymal/progenitor cells, growth factors and/or signaling biomolecules. Beyond the laboratory-based research and development, the underlying challenges in translational research are also provided in a dedicated section. A new generation of biomaterial-based acellular scaffold systems with uncompromised biocompatibility and osteochondral regenerative capability is necessary to bridge the clinical demand and commercial supply. Encompassing the basic elements of osteochondral research, this review is believed to serve as a standalone guide for early career researchers, in expanding the research horizon to improve the quality of life of osteoarthritic patients affordably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Barui
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Debolina Ghosh
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Di Pompo G, Liguori A, Carlini M, Avnet S, Boi M, Baldini N, Focarete ML, Bianchi M, Gualandi C, Graziani G. Electrospun fibers coated with nanostructured biomimetic hydroxyapatite: A new platform for regeneration at the bone interfaces. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213231. [PMID: 36495842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of gradient organic/inorganic tissues is a challenging task in orthopaedics. Indeed, to mimic tissue characteristics and stimulate bone regeneration at the interface, it is necessary to reproduce both the mineral and organic components of the tissue ECM, as well as the micro/nano-fibrous morphology. To address this goal, we propose here novel biomimetic patches obtained by the combination of electrospinning and nanostructured bone apatite. In particular, we deposited apatite on the electrospun fibers by Ionized Jet Deposition, a plasma-assisted technique that allows conformal deposition and the preservation in the coating of the target's stoichiometry. The damage to the substrate and fibrous morphology is a polymer-dependent aspect, that can be avoided by properly selecting the substrate composition and deposition parameters. In fact, all the tested polymers (poly(l-lactide), poly(D,l-lactide-co-glycolide, poly(ε-caprolactone), collagen) were effectively coated, and the morphological and thermal characterization revealed that poly(ε-caprolactone) suffered the least damage. The coating of collagen fibers, on the other hand, destroyed the fiber morphology and it could only be performed when collagen is blended with a more resistant synthetic polymer in the nanofibers. Due to the biomimetic composition and multiscale morphology from micro to nano, the poly(ε-caprolactone)-collagen biomimetic patches coated with bone apatite supported MSCs adhesion, patch colonization and early differentiation, while allowing optimal viability. The biomimetic coating allowed better scaffold colonization, promoting cell spreading on the fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Di Pompo
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Carlini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Boi
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Michele Bianchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gabriela Graziani
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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Chen J, Li Y, Liu S, Du Y, Zhang S, Wang J. Freeze-casting osteochondral scaffolds: The presence of a nutrient-permeable film between the bone and cartilage defect reduces cartilage regeneration. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:168-179. [PMID: 36210044 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microfracture treatment that is basically relied on stem cells and growth factors in bone marrow has achieved a certain progress for cartilage repair in clinic. Nevertheless, the neocartilage generated from the microfracture strategy is limited endogenous regeneration and prone to fibrosis due to the influences of cell inflammation and vascular infiltration. To explore the crucial factor for articular cartilage remodeling, here we design a trilaminar osteochondral scaffold with a selective permeable film in middle isolation layer which can prevent stem cells, immune cells, and blood vessels in the bone marrow from invading into the cartilage layer, but allow the nutrients and cytokines to penetrate. Our findings show that the trilaminar scaffold exhibits a good biocompatibility and inflammatory regulation, but the osteochondral repair is far less effective than the control of double-layer scaffold without isolation layer. These results demonstrate that it is not adequate to rely only on nutrients and cytokines to promote reconstruction of articular cartilage, and the various cells in bone marrow are indispensable. Consequently, the current study illustrates that cell infiltration involving stem cells, immune cells and other cells from bone marrow plays a crucial role in articular cartilage remodeling based on the integrated scaffold strategy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical microfracture treatment plays a certain role on the restoration of injured cartilage, but the regenerative cartilage is prone to be fibrocartilage due to the modulation of bone marrow cells. Herein, we design a trilaminar osteochondral scaffold with a selective permeable film in middle isolation layer. This specific film made of dense electrospun nanofiber can prevent bone marrow cells from invading into the cartilage layer, but allow the nutrients and cytokines to penetrate. Our conclusion is that the cartilage remodeling will be extremely inhibited when the bone marrow cells are blocking. Owing to the diverse cells in bone marrow, we will further explore the influence of each cell type on cartilage repair in our continuous future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yawu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shuaibing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yingying Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianglin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Xu Y, Ding W, Chen M, Du H, Qin T. Synergistic fabrication of micro-nano bioactive ceramic-optimized polymer scaffolds for bone tissue engineering by in situ hydrothermal deposition and selective laser sintering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:2104-2123. [PMID: 35773230 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2096526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable three-dimensional porous scaffolds have attracted increasing attention as promising implants in bone tissue engineering. The micro/nano surface structure of scaffolds has also attracted significant attention due to its significant effects on scaffold physicochemical properties and cell behavior. Herein, polycaprolactone-polylactic acid-nano hydroxyapatite (PCL-PLA-nHA) ternary composite porous scaffolds with micro-nano bioactive surfaces were fabricated by combining selective laser sintering (SLS) and in situ hydrothermal deposition processes. The mechanical properties, micro/nano surface morphology, wettability, and cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds were systematically evaluated. The results showed that the blending of PLA enhanced the compressive and tensile strength of the PCL scaffold, while also enhancing the modulus, but did not significantly change the tensile elongation. Moreover, the blending of PLA changed the fracture mode of the scaffold from ductile to brittle and its fracture mechanism was proposed. In addition, the formation mechanism of micro-nano surfaces under hydrothermal conditions was also summarized according to the micro-morphology of scaffolds. Besides, the PCL-PLA-nHA scaffold exhibited higher mineralization ability, excellent wettability, and better cytocompatibility, indicating its remarkable promise in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Wenhao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - MeiGui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Haochen Du
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Tian Qin
- College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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Gao C, Fu L, Yu Y, Zhang X, Yang X, Cai Q. Strategy of a cell-derived extracellular matrix for the construction of an osteochondral interlayer. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6472-6485. [PMID: 36173310 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01230h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral defects pose an enormous challenge due to the lack of an effective repair strategy. To tackle this issue, the importance of a calcified cartilage interlayer (CCL) in modulating osteochondral regeneration should be valued. Herein, we proposed that an extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a suitable cell source might efficiently promote the formation of calcified cartilage. To the end, cell sheets from four kinds of cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3), chondrocytes (Cho), and artificially induced hypertrophic chondrocytes (HCho), were obtained by seeding the cells on electrospun fibrous meshes, followed by decellularization to prepare decellularized ECMs (D-ECMs) for BMSC re-seeding and differentiation studies. For cell proliferation, the BMSC-derived D-ECM exhibited the strongest promotion effect. For inducing the hypertrophic phenotype of re-seeded BMSCs, both the BMSC-derived and HCho-derived D-ECMs demonstrated stronger capacity in up-regulating the depositions of related proteins and the expressions of marker genes, as compared to the MC3T3-derived and Cho-derived D-ECMs. Accordingly, from the histological results of their subcutaneous implantation in rats, both the BMSC-derived and HCho-derived D-ECMs displayed obvious Masson's trichrome and Safranin-O/Fast-Green staining colors simultaneously, representing the characteristics related to osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Differently, MC3T3-derived and Cho-derived D-ECMs were mainly detected during the osteogenic or chondrogenic expression, respectively. These findings confirmed that the BMSC-derived D-ECM could induce hypertrophic chondrocytes, though being a little inferior to the HCho-derived D-ECM. Overall, the BMSC-derived D-ECM could be a potential material in constructing the interlayer for osteochondral tissue engineering scaffolds to improve the regeneration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yingjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China. .,Foshan (Southern China) Institute for New Materials, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Davoodi E, Montazerian H, Mirhakimi AS, Zhianmanesh M, Ibhadode O, Shahabad SI, Esmaeilizadeh R, Sarikhani E, Toorandaz S, Sarabi SA, Nasiri R, Zhu Y, Kadkhodapour J, Li B, Khademhosseini A, Toyserkani E. Additively manufactured metallic biomaterials. Bioact Mater 2022; 15:214-249. [PMID: 35386359 PMCID: PMC8941217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has led to an evolution in the design and fabrication of hard tissue substitutes, enabling personalized implants to address each patient's specific needs. In addition, internal pore architectures integrated within additively manufactured scaffolds, have provided an opportunity to further develop and engineer functional implants for better tissue integration, and long-term durability. In this review, the latest advances in different aspects of the design and manufacturing of additively manufactured metallic biomaterials are highlighted. After introducing metal AM processes, biocompatible metals adapted for integration with AM machines are presented. Then, we elaborate on the tools and approaches undertaken for the design of porous scaffold with engineered internal architecture including, topology optimization techniques, as well as unit cell patterns based on lattice networks, and triply periodic minimal surface. Here, the new possibilities brought by the functionally gradient porous structures to meet the conflicting scaffold design requirements are thoroughly discussed. Subsequently, the design constraints and physical characteristics of the additively manufactured constructs are reviewed in terms of input parameters such as design features and AM processing parameters. We assess the proposed applications of additively manufactured implants for regeneration of different tissue types and the efforts made towards their clinical translation. Finally, we conclude the review with the emerging directions and perspectives for further development of AM in the medical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Davoodi
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing (MSAM) Laboratory, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Hossein Montazerian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Anooshe Sadat Mirhakimi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Masoud Zhianmanesh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Osezua Ibhadode
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing (MSAM) Laboratory, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shahriar Imani Shahabad
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing (MSAM) Laboratory, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Reza Esmaeilizadeh
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing (MSAM) Laboratory, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Einollah Sarikhani
- Department of Nanoengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Sahar Toorandaz
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing (MSAM) Laboratory, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shima A. Sarabi
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Javad Kadkhodapour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Tehran 16785-163, Iran
- Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength of Materials, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Bingbing Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Department of Manufacturing Systems Engineering and Management, California State University, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ehsan Toyserkani
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing (MSAM) Laboratory, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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Wang Y, Ling C, Chen J, Liu H, Mo Q, Zhang W, Yao Q. 3D-printed composite scaffold with gradient structure and programmed biomolecule delivery to guide stem cell behavior for osteochondral regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213067. [PMID: 35961187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of osteochondral scaffolds with both structural and biochemical cues to regulate endogenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) behavior for cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration is still a challenge. To this end, a composite scaffold (BE-PSA) with gradient structure and programmed biomolecule delivery was prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing and multi-material-based modification. The 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold included upper pores of 200 μm for cartilage regeneration and lower pores of 400 μm for bone regeneration. For a sequential modulation of BMSCs behavior, fast-degrading sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel was used to deliver a burst release of E7 peptide to enhance BMSCs migration within 72 h, while a slowly-degrading silk fibroin (SF) porous matrix was used to provide a sustained release of B2A peptide to improve BMSCs dual-lineage differentiation lasting for >300 h, depending on the different degradation rates of SA hydrogel and SF matrix. The BE-PSA scaffold had good biocompatibility and could improve the migration and osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of spatial structures and programmed biomolecule delivery, the BE-PSA scaffold showed enhanced cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration in rabbit osteochondral defect model. This work not only provides a promising scaffold to guide BMSCs behavior for osteochondral regeneration but also offers a method for the fabrication of tissue engineering biomaterials based on the structural and biochemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Mo
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), China.
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), China.
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Progress in Osteochondral Regeneration with Engineering Strategies. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:1232-1242. [PMID: 35994165 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, the main cause of disability worldwide, involves not only cartilage injury but also subchondral bone injury, which brings challenges to clinical repair. Tissue engineering strategies provide a promising solution to this degenerative disease. Articular cartilage connects to subchondral bone through the osteochondral interfacial tissue, which has a complex anatomical architecture, distinct cell distribution and unique biomechanical properties. Forming a continuous and stable osteochondral interface between cartilage tissue and subchondral bone is challenging. Thus, successful osteochondral regeneration with engineering strategies requires intricately coordinated interplay between cells, materials, biological factors, and physical/chemical factors. This review provides an overview of the anatomical composition, microstructure, and biomechanical properties of the osteochondral interface. Additionally, the latest research on the progress related to osteochondral regeneration is reviewed, especially discussing the fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds and the regulation of biological factors for osteochondral defects.
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Fan M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Qiang L, Guo R, Zhuang H, Zheng P. A new method for modeling rabbit growth plate injury for the study of tissue engineering scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:489-497. [PMID: 35959744 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a suitable animal model of growth plate injury is necessary to evaluate the effect of tissue engineering scaffolds on repairing the injured growth plate. However, the currently used animal models have limitations. Therefore in this study, we reported and evaluated a new modeling method termed the longitudinal disruption method, which is to make a longitudinal defect in the region of growth plate. In order to compare this new method with the traditional transverse disruption method, we constructed the models by both methods, respectively. To observe whether bone bridges were formed, histological sections were analyzed by HE and Masson staining at three weeks after modeling. The HE and Masson staining results showed the formation of bone bridges in both groups, implying that the two methods successfully injured the growth plate. However, it was unclear whether the exact injury to growth plate caused by both methods was consistent. Therefore, in order to evaluate the accuracy and precision of modeling method, the X-ray and micro-CT were performed immediately after modeling. The percentages of accurate defect position in the longitudinal and transverse modeling groups were 88.89% and 55.56%, respectively. The micro-CT results revealed irregularly shaped defect cross sections in the transverse modeling group, whereas the defects in the longitudinal modeling group had regular shapes. The mean defect areas were 10.06 ± 0.86 and 12.30 ± 2.13 mm2 in the longitudinal and transverse modeling groups, respectively, while the difference between the actual area and the expected area were -1.94 ± 0.86 mm2 and -7.70 ± 2.13 mm2, respectively, showing the high precision of this new method. Altogether, we successfully demonstrated a new method for establishing a rabbit model of growth plate injury,which provides a simple and rapid modeling process, good modeling effect, high modeling accuracy, and convenient scaffold implantation. The new method provides an effective animal model for tissue engineering research on the repair and regeneration of injured growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Fan
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Yihao Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Lei Qiang
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Ruoyi Guo
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Hanjie Zhuang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.8 Jiangdong South Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, Nanjing, China, 210008;
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Wu S, Guo W, Li R, Zhang X, Qu W. Progress of Platelet Derivatives for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:907356. [PMID: 35782516 PMCID: PMC9243565 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.907356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage has limited self-regeneration ability for lacking of blood vessels, nerves, and lymph that makes it a great challenge to repair defects of the tissue and restore motor functions of the injured or aging population. Platelet derivatives, such as platelet-rich plasma, have been proved effective, safe, and economical in musculoskeletal diseases for their autologous origin and rich in growth factors. The combination of platelet derivatives with biomaterials provides both mechanical support and localized sustained release of bioactive molecules in cartilage tissue engineering and low-cost efficient approaches of potential treatment. In this review, we first provide an overview of platelet derivatives and their application in clinical and experimental therapies, and then we further discuss the techniques of the addition of platelet derivatives and their influences on scaffold properties. Advances in cartilage tissue engineering with platelet derivatives as signal factors and structural components are also introduced before prospects and concerns in this research field. In short, platelet derivatives have broad application prospects as an economical and effective enhancement for tissue engineering–based articular cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenlai Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zhang, ; Wenrui Qu,
| | - Wenrui Qu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zhang, ; Wenrui Qu,
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Yang Z, Wang C, Gao H, Jia L, Zeng H, Zheng L, Wang C, Zhang H, Wang L, Song J, Fan Y. Biomechanical Effects of 3D-Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds With Porous Gradient Structures on the Regeneration of Alveolar Bone Defect: A Comprehensive Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:882631. [PMID: 35694236 PMCID: PMC9177945 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.882631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the repair of alveolar bone defect, the microstructure of bone graft scaffolds is pivotal for their biological and biomechanical properties. However, it is currently controversial whether gradient structures perform better in biology and biomechanics than homogeneous structures when considering microstructural design. In this research, bioactive ceramic scaffolds with different porous gradient structures were designed and fabricated by 3D printing technology. Compression test, finite element analysis (FEA) revealed statistically significant differences in the biomechanical properties of three types of scaffolds. The mechanical properties of scaffolds approached the natural cancellous bone, and scaffolds with pore size decreased from the center to the perimeter (GII) had superior mechanical properties among the three groups. While in the simulation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), scaffolds with pore size increased from the center to the perimeter (GI) possessed the best permeability and largest flow velocity. Scaffolds were cultured in vitro with rBMSC or implanted in vivo for 4 or 8 weeks. Porous ceramics showed excellent biocompatibility. Results of in vivo were analysed by using micro-CT, concentric rings and VG staining. The GI was superior to the other groups with respect to osteogenicity. The Un (uniformed pore size) was slightly inferior to the GII. The concentric rings analysis demonstrated that the new bone in the GI was distributed in the periphery of defect area, whereas the GII was distributed in the center region. This study offers basic strategies and concepts for future design and development of scaffolds for the clinical restoration of alveolar bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Yang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjuan Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lurong Jia
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Liwen Zheng
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Wang, ; Hongmei Zhang,
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Wang, ; Hongmei Zhang,
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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41
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Terzopoulou Z, Zamboulis A, Koumentakou I, Michailidou G, Noordam MJ, Bikiaris DN. Biocompatible Synthetic Polymers for Tissue Engineering Purposes. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1841-1863. [PMID: 35438479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have been an integral part of modern society since the early 1960s. Besides their most well-known applications to the public, such as packaging, construction, textiles and electronics, synthetic polymers have also revolutionized the field of medicine. Starting with the first plastic syringe developed in 1955 to the complex polymeric materials used in the regeneration of tissues, their contributions have never been more prominent. Decades of research on polymeric materials, stem cells, and three-dimensional printing contributed to the rapid progress of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine that envisages the potential future of organ transplantations. This perspective discusses the role of synthetic polymers in tissue engineering, their design and properties in relation to each type of application. Additionally, selected recent achievements of tissue engineering using synthetic polymers are outlined to provide insight into how they will contribute to the advancement of the field in the near future. In this way, we aim to provide a guide that will help scientists with synthetic polymer design and selection for different tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koumentakou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Michailidou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michiel Jan Noordam
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Pitrolino KA, Felfel RM, Pellizzeri LM, McLaren J, Popov AA, Sottile V, Scotchford CA, Scammell BE, Roberts GAF, Grant DM. Development and in vitro assessment of a bi-layered chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite osteochondral scaffold. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 282:119126. [PMID: 35123750 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An innovative approach was developed to engineer a multi-layered chitosan scaffold for osteochondral defect repair. A combination of freeze drying and porogen-leaching out methods produced a porous, bioresorbable scaffold with a distinct gradient of pore size (mean = 160-275 μm). Incorporation of 70 wt% nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) provided additional strength to the bone-like layer. The scaffold showed instantaneous mechanical recovery under compressive loading and did not delaminate under tensile loading. The scaffold supported the attachment and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with typical adherent cell morphology found on the bone layer compared to a rounded cell morphology on the chondrogenic layer. Osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs preferentially occurred in selected layers of the scaffold in vitro, driven by the distinct pore gradient and material composition. This scaffold is a suitable candidate for minimally invasive arthroscopic delivery in the clinic with potential to regenerate damaged cartilage and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Pitrolino
- Academic Unit Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - Reda M Felfel
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Laura Macri Pellizzeri
- Academic Unit Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Jane McLaren
- Academic Unit Inflammation, Injury and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander A Popov
- Academic Unit Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Academic Unit Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy.
| | - Colin A Scotchford
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Brigitte E Scammell
- Academic Unit Inflammation, Injury and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - George A F Roberts
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - David M Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK
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Klimek K, Benko A, Vandrovcova M, Travnickova M, Douglas TEL, Tarczynska M, Broz A, Gaweda K, Ginalska G, Bacakova L. Biomimetic biphasic curdlan-based scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering applications - Characterization and preliminary evaluation of mesenchymal stem cell response in vitro. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212724. [PMID: 35929204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral defects remain a huge problem in medicine today. Biomimetic bi- or multi-phasic scaffolds constitute a very promising alternative to osteochondral autografts and allografts. In this study, a new curdlan-based scaffold was designed for osteochondral tissue engineering applications. To achieve biomimetic properties, it was enriched with a protein component - whey protein isolate as well as a ceramic ingredient - hydroxyapatite granules. The scaffold was fabricated via a simple and cost-efficient method, which represents a significant advantage. Importantly, this technique allowed generation of a scaffold with two distinct, but integrated phases. Scanning electron microcopy and optical profilometry observations demonstrated that phases of biomaterial possessed different structural properties. The top layer of the biomaterial (mimicking the cartilage) was smoother than the bottom one (mimicking the subchondral bone), which is beneficial from a biological point of view because unlike bone, cartilage is a smooth tissue. Moreover, mechanical testing showed that the top layer of the biomaterial had mechanical properties close to those of natural cartilage. Although the mechanical properties of the bottom layer of scaffold were lower than those of the subchondral bone, it was still higher than in many analogous systems. Most importantly, cell culture experiments indicated that the biomaterial possessed high cytocompatibility towards adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Both phases of the scaffold enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells (revealing its chondroinductive properties in vitro) as well as osteogenic differentiation of these cells (revealing its osteoinductive properties in vitro). Given all features of the novel curdlan-based scaffold, it is worth noting that it may be considered as promising candidate for osteochondral tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Klimek
- Medical University of Lublin, Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Benko
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, 30 A. Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Vandrovcova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Videnska 1083 Street, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Travnickova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Videnska 1083 Street, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy E L Douglas
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Gillow Avenue, LA1 4YW Lancaster, United Kingdom; Materials Science Institute (MSI), Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Tarczynska
- Medical University of Lublin, Department and Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Antonin Broz
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Videnska 1083 Street, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Krzysztof Gaweda
- Medical University of Lublin, Department and Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grazyna Ginalska
- Medical University of Lublin, Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Lucie Bacakova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Videnska 1083 Street, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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Poly-Alanine-ε-Caprolacton-Methacrylate as Scaffold Material with Tuneable Biomechanical Properties for Osteochondral Implants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063115. [PMID: 35328536 PMCID: PMC8951525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An aging population and injury-related damage of the bone substance lead to an increasing need of innovative materials for the regeneration of osteochondral defects. Biodegradable polymers form the basis for suitable artificial implants intended for bone replacement or bone augmentation. The great advantage of these structures is the site-specific implant design, which leads to a considerable improvement in patient outcomes and significantly reduced post-operative regeneration times. Thus, biomechanical and biochemical parameters as well as the rate of degradation can be set by the selection of the polymer system and the processing technology. Within this study, we developed a polymer platform based on the amino acid Alanine and ε-Caprolacton for use as raw material for osteochondral implants. The biomechanical and degradation properties of these Poly-(Alanine-co-ε-Caprolacton)-Methacrylate (ACM) copolymers can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the monomers. Fabrication of artificial structures for musculo-skeletal tissue engineering was done by Two-Photon-Polymerization (2PP), which represents an innovative technique for generating defined scaffolds with tailor-made mechanical and structural properties. Here we show the synthesis, physicochemical characterization, as well as first results for structuring ACM using 2PP technology. The data demonstrate the high potential of ACM copolymers as precursors for the fabrication of biomimetic implants for bone-cartilage reconstruction.
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Liu Q, Xie S, Fan D, Xie T, Xue G, Gou X, Li X. Integrated osteochondral differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on biomimetic nanofibrous mats with cell adhesion-generated piezopotential gradients. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3865-3877. [PMID: 35201252 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06676e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic piezoelectric scaffolds provide a noninvasive method for in vivo cell regulation and tissue regeneration. Herein, considering the gradually varied piezoelectric properties of native cartilage and bone tissues, we fabricated biomimetic electrospun poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibrous mats with gradient piezoelectric properties to induce the integrated osteochondral differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Nanofibrous mats are polarized under electric fields with linear variation of strength to generate gradient piezoelectricity, and cell adhesion-derived contraction forces could produce gradient piezoelectric potential on the scaffolds. Our results demonstrated that the piezoelectric potential could positively modulate cell adhesion, intracellular calcium transients, Ca2+ binding proteins, and differentiation-related genes. In addition, the differentiation of MSCs into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages was integrated on a single scaffold at different areas with relatively high and low piezoelectricity values, respectively. The continuous gradient scaffold exhibited the potential to provide a smooth transition between the cartilage and bone, offering new insights to probe the regeneration mechanisms of the osteochondral tissue in a single scaffold and inspiring a future efficient and rational design of piezoelectric smart biomaterials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China.
| | - Shuang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China.
| | - Duan Fan
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China
| | - Tianpeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China.
| | - Guilan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China.
| | - Xue Gou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China.
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46
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Piezoelectric Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds for Bone, Articular Cartilage and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062907. [PMID: 35328328 PMCID: PMC8952277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue (OCT) related diseases, particularly osteoarthritis, number among the most prevalent in the adult population worldwide. However, no satisfactory clinical treatments have been developed to date to resolve this unmet medical issue. Osteochondral tissue engineering (OCTE) strategies involving the fabrication of OCT-mimicking scaffold structures capable of replacing damaged tissue and promoting its regeneration are currently under development. While the piezoelectric properties of the OCT have been extensively reported in different studies, they keep being neglected in the design of novel OCT scaffolds, which focus primarily on the tissue’s structural and mechanical properties. Given the promising potential of piezoelectric electrospun scaffolds capable of both recapitulating the piezoelectric nature of the tissue’s fibrous ECM and of providing a platform for electrical and mechanical stimulation to promote the regeneration of damaged OCT, the present review aims to examine the current state of the art of these electroactive smart scaffolds in OCTE strategies. A summary of the piezoelectric properties of the different regions of the OCT and an overview of the main piezoelectric biomaterials applied in OCTE applications are presented. Some recent examples of piezoelectric electrospun scaffolds developed for potentially replacing damaged OCT as well as for the bone or articular cartilage segments of this interfacial tissue are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives concerning the use of piezoelectric electrospun scaffolds in OCT regeneration are discussed.
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Hodgkinson T, Amado IN, O'Brien FJ, Kennedy OD. The role of mechanobiology in bone and cartilage model systems in characterizing initiation and progression of osteoarthritis. APL Bioeng 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0068277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hodgkinson
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabel N. Amado
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oran D. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Xu J, Ji J, Jiao J, Zheng L, Hong Q, Tang H, Zhang S, Qu X, Yue B. 3D Printing for Bone-Cartilage Interface Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:828921. [PMID: 35237582 PMCID: PMC8882993 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.828921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the vasculature defects and/or the avascular nature of cartilage, as well as the complex gradients for bone-cartilage interface regeneration and the layered zonal architecture, self-repair of cartilage and subchondral bone is challenging. Currently, the primary osteochondral defect treatment strategies, including artificial joint replacement and autologous and allogeneic bone graft, are limited by their ability to simply repair, rather than induce regeneration of tissues. Meanwhile, over the past two decades, three-dimension (3D) printing technology has achieved admirable advancements in bone and cartilage reconstruction, providing a new strategy for restoring joint function. The advantages of 3D printing hybrid materials include rapid and accurate molding, as well as personalized therapy. However, certain challenges also exist. For instance, 3D printing technology for osteochondral reconstruction must simulate the histological structure of cartilage and subchondral bone, thus, it is necessary to determine the optimal bioink concentrations to maintain mechanical strength and cell viability, while also identifying biomaterials with dual bioactivities capable of simultaneously regenerating cartilage. The study showed that the regeneration of bone-cartilage interface is crucial for the repair of osteochondral defect. In this review, we focus on the significant progress and application of 3D printing technology for bone-cartilage interface regeneration, while also expounding the potential prospects for 3D printing technology and highlighting some of the most significant challenges currently facing this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialian Xu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jindou Ji
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Juyang Jiao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangjun Zheng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qimin Hong
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haozheng Tang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shutao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Qu, ; Bing Yue,
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Qu, ; Bing Yue,
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49
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Zhou H, Yuan L, Xu Z, Yi X, Wu X, Mu C, Ge L, Li D. Mimicking the Composition and Structure of the Osteochondral Tissue to Fabricate a Heterogeneous Three-Layer Scaffold for the Repair of Osteochondral Defects. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:734-746. [PMID: 35094516 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous three-layer scaffolds were fabricated by mimicking the biochemical composition and structure of the hyaline cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone of the osteochondral tissue for the repair of osteochondral defects. The hyaline cartilage layer was composed of collagen I (50.0 wt %) and sodium hyaluronate (50.0 wt %). The calcified cartilage layer and subchondral bone layer were composed of collagen I, sodium hyaluronate, and nanohydroxyapatite with different proportions. N-Hydroxysuccinimide/N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride was used to mediate the crosslinking reaction of the amine groups of collagen with carboxyl groups of sodium hyaluronate. The hyaline cartilage layer and calcified cartilage layer were designed as dense structures, while the subchondral bone layer was designed as a relatively loose structure by adjusting the crosslinking degree. The scaffolds displayed a uniform and interconnected porous structure and possessed a high porosity over 85%, which were conducive to cellular adhesion and proliferation. The scaffolds could remain at 50-75% after 30 days of degradation owing to crosslinking, providing enough time for the regeneration of the osteochondral tissue. Especially, the hyaline cartilage layer and calcified cartilage layer preferred to induce the proliferation of chondrocytes, while the subchondral bone layer was more conducive to the proliferation of osteoblasts. In conclusion, the heterogeneous multilayer scaffolds could serve as implant materials for osteochondral reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lun Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhilang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xueling Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Changdao Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liming Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Fu JN, Wang X, Yang M, Chen YR, Zhang JY, Deng RH, Zhang ZN, Yu JK, Yuan FZ. Scaffold-Based Tissue Engineering Strategies for Osteochondral Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:812383. [PMID: 35087809 PMCID: PMC8787149 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.812383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over centuries, several advances have been made in osteochondral (OC) tissue engineering to regenerate more biomimetic tissue. As an essential component of tissue engineering, scaffolds provide structural and functional support for cell growth and differentiation. Numerous scaffold types, such as porous, hydrogel, fibrous, microsphere, metal, composite and decellularized matrix, have been reported and evaluated for OC tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo, with respective advantages and disadvantages. Unfortunately, due to the inherent complexity of organizational structure and the objective limitations of manufacturing technologies and biomaterials, we have not yet achieved stable and satisfactory effects of OC defects repair. In this review, we summarize the complicated gradients of natural OC tissue and then discuss various osteochondral tissue engineering strategies, focusing on scaffold design with abundant cell resources, material types, fabrication techniques and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Nan Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Rong Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Hui Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Ning Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Yuan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
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