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Ge Q, Yan Y, Luo Y, Teng T, Cao C, Zhao D, Zhang J, Li C, Chen W, Yang B, Yi Z, Chang T, Chen X. Dietary supplements: clinical cholesterol-lowering efficacy and potential mechanisms of action. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:349-368. [PMID: 38659110 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2342301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to analyse the efficacy of dietary supplements in reducing plasma cholesterol levels. Focusing on evidence from meta-analyses of randomised controlled clinical trials, with an emphasis on potential mechanisms of action as supported by human, animal, and cell studies. Certain dietary supplements including phytosterols, berberine, viscous soluble dietary fibres, garlic supplements, soy protein, specific probiotic strains, and certain polyphenol extracts could significantly reduce plasma total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 3-25% in hypercholesterolemic patients depending on the type of supplement. They tended to be more effective in reducing plasma LDL cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemic individuals than in normocholesterolemic individuals. These supplements worked by various mechanisms, such as enhancing the excretion of bile acids, inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines, increasing the expression of hepatic LDL receptors, suppressing the activity of enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis, and activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ge
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Ningxia Institute of Science and Technology Development Strategy and Information, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tai Teng
- Ningxia Guolong Hospital Co., LTD, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caixia Cao
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caihong Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Binkun Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zicheng Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengwen Chang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
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2
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Xu X, Yan L, Huang W, Wang Y, Wang M, Feng L, Wang P, Wang S. Facile and efficient transformation of thiols to disulfides via a radical pathway with N-anomeric amide. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17780-17784. [PMID: 38832243 PMCID: PMC11145623 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03545c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical coupling of thiols is an attractive route for the synthesis of disulfides, but this approach should be promoted by strong oxidants and/or metal salts in combination with additives, which limits its substrate scope and application. In this work, the N-anomeric amide was first found to be able to realize the conversion of thiols to sulfur radicals with high efficiency in the absence of an oxidant or any additives for the synthesis of symmetrical disulfides. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Leyu Yan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Huang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Feng
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
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Jebeli SJ, Aghdam RM, Najjari A, Soltani R. Evaluation of bioactivity and antibacterial properties of Ti6Al4V-based green biocomposite implant encompassing TiO 2 nanotube arrays and garlic extract. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28588. [PMID: 38576572 PMCID: PMC10990949 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study involved the incorporation of an antibacterial garlic extract into titanium oxide nanotubes (TNTs) formed via the anodization of Ti6Al4V implants. The garlic extract, obtained through low-temperature extraction aided by ultrasound waves, was loaded into the nanotubes. The presence of the nanotubes was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to investigate the presence of bioactive compounds, particularly sulfur compounds responsible for garlic's antibacterial effects. The impact of loading two concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 g per milliliter) of garlic extract on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria was examined. Results indicated a decrease in the growth range of S. aureus from 109 to 106 (CFU/ml) and E. coli from 1011 to 109 (CFU/ml) upon treatment. Additionally, cell adhesion and viability tests conducted on MG63 cells revealed an 8% increase in cell viability with the 0.1 g per milliliter concentration and a 35% decrease with the 0.2 g per milliliter concentration of garlic extract after 72 h of incubation (They have been evaluated by Microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay). GC-MS analysis identified the presence of diethyl phthalate compounds in the garlic extract, suggesting a potential correlation with cellular toxicity observed in the sample with the higher concentration (0.2 g per milliliter) of garlic extract. Overall, the TNTs loaded with 0.1 g per milliliter of garlic extract simultaneously demonstrated antibacterial activity, cell viability, adhesion, and growth enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Jafari Jebeli
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Mehdinavaz Aghdam
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Najjari
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Soltani
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Bala R, Madaan R, Chauhan S, Gupta M, Dubey AK, Zahoor I, Brijesh H, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Revitalizing allicin for cancer therapy: advances in formulation strategies to enhance bioavailability, stability, and clinical efficacy. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:703-724. [PMID: 37615709 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this review is to highlight the therapeutic potential of allicin, a defense molecule in garlic known for its diverse health benefits, and address the key challenges of its bioavailability and stability. The research further aims to evaluate various formulation strategies and nanotechnology-based delivery systems that can resolve these issues and improve allicin's clinical efficacy, especially in cancer therapy. We conducted a comprehensive review of the available literature and previous studies, focusing on the therapeutic properties of allicin, its bioavailability, stability issues, and novel formulation strategies. We assessed the mechanism of action of allicin in cancer, including its effects on signaling pathways, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and tumor development. We also evaluated the outcomes of both in vitro and in vivo studies on different types of cancers, such as breast, cervical, colon, lung, and gastric cancer. Despite allicin's significant therapeutic benefits, including cardiovascular, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, and immune-modulatory activity, its clinical utility is limited due to poor stability and unpredictable bioavailability. Allicin's bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract is dependent on the activity of the enzyme alliinase, and its stability can be affected by various conditions like gastric acid and intestinal enzyme proteases. Recent advances in formulation strategies and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems show promise in addressing these challenges, potentially improving allicin's solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Allicin offers substantial potential for cancer therapy, yet its application is hindered by its instability and poor bioavailability. Novel formulation strategies and nanotechnology-based delivery systems can significantly overcome these limitations, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of allicin. Future research should focus on refining these formulation strategies and delivery systems, ensuring the safety and efficacy of these new allicin formulations. Clinical trials and long-term studies should be carried out to determine the optimal dosage, assess potential side effects, and evaluate their real-world applicability. The comparative analysis of different drug delivery approaches and the development of targeted delivery systems can also provide further insight into enhancing the therapeutic potential of allicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Bala
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Malika Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Dubey
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
- Institute of Scholars, Chikmagalur, India
| | - Ishrat Zahoor
- Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hemavathi Brijesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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Jang HY, Kim MJ, Jeong JY, Hwang IM, Lee JH. Exploring the influence of garlic on microbial diversity and metabolite dynamics during kimchi fermentation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24919. [PMID: 38312694 PMCID: PMC10835354 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a key ingredient in Korean cuisine, particularly in the preparation of kimchi, contributing to its flavor and taste. Garlic has been a potential resource for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in kimchi. However, the mechanism by which it influences microbial diversity and metabolite production is unclear. This study investigated the effect of garlic on the bacterial composition of and metabolite changes in kimchi. To achieve this, four separate batches of kimchi were prepared with varying garlic concentrations (w/w): 0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 4 %, and the bacterial communities and metabolite production were monitored. In the early stages of fermentation, the count of LAB, operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and Shannon index increased linearly with the increase in garlic content. This indicated that garlic is a rich resource and contributes to the diversity of LAB during kimchi fermentation. Compared with the kimchi samples with a lower garlic content, those with a high garlic content (≥2 %) exhibited increased abundance of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc as well as noticeable differences in functional diversity, including carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolisms. Correlation analysis between sugars, organic acids, and predominant LAB in the garlic-containing kimchi samples suggested that in kimchi samples with high garlic content, LAB played a significant role in the fermentation process by metabolizing sugars and producing organic acids. Overall, this study demonstrated that the addition of garlic has a positive impact on the bacterial diversity and metabolite production during kimchi fermentation, potentially affecting the fermentation process and flavor profile of kimchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Jang
- Fermentation Regulation Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Fermentation Regulation Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jeong
- Fermentation Regulation Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - In Min Hwang
- Fermentation Regulation Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Fermentation Regulation Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
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Jiang Y, Li Z, Yue R, Liu G, Yang M, Long C, Yan D. Evidential support for garlic supplements against diabetic kidney disease: a preclinical meta-analysis and systematic review. Food Funct 2024; 15:12-36. [PMID: 38051214 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02407e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a popular spice that is widely used for food and medicinal purposes and has shown potential effects on diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Nevertheless, systematic preclinical studies are still lacking. In this meta-analysis and systematic review, we evaluated the role and potential mechanisms of action of garlic and its derived components in animal models of DKD. We searched eight databases for relevant studies from the establishment of the databases to December 2022 and updated in April 2023 before the completion of this review. A total of 24 trials were included in the meta-analysis. It provided preliminary evidence that supplementing with garlic could improve the indicators of renal function (BUN, Scr, 24 h urine volume, proteinuria, and KI) and metabolic disorders (BG, insulin, and body weight). Meanwhile, the beneficial effects of garlic and its components in DKD could be related to alleviating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory reactions, delaying renal fibrosis, and improving glucose metabolism. Furthermore, time-dose interval analysis exhibited relatively greater effectiveness when garlic products were supplied at doses of 500 mg kg-1 with interventions lasting 8-10 weeks, and garlic components were administered at doses of 45-150 mg kg-1 with interventions lasting 4-10 weeks. This meta-analysis and systematic review highlights for the first time the therapeutic potential of garlic supplementation in animal models of DKD and offers a more thorough evaluation of its effects and mechanisms to establish an evidence-based basis for designing future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zihan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Guojie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Caiyi Long
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dawei Yan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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7
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Chaurasia PK, Bharati SL, Singh S. Garlic against Heart-related Ailments: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Future Perspective. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:521-530. [PMID: 37605421 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230821102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allium sativum L. (Garlic) is a well-recognized plant of great nutraceutical value with pharmacological evidences. It is full of dietary as well as pharmaceutical properties and has been used in traditional medications for a long time. It is known for good antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral effects, along with other therapeutic roles in cardiovascular diseases, anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, anti-thrombotic, blood pressure, bone and skin related problems etc. Objective: Considering the potential of garlic in the treatment of cardiovascular/heart-related diseases, the main objective of this study was to prepare a subject-centric mini-review focusing on its chemistry and pharmacology in heart-related issues. METHODS In order to prepare this mini-review article, an extensive online literature search was performed to find out the most recent studies related to this topic. These studies were briefly reviewed, assessed, and discussed to explore the possible capability of garlic for the cure of cardiovascular problems. RESULT Several experiments on mice models, rat models as well as on humans show the effective role of various forms of garlic in cardiovascular or heart-related ailments. After reviewing the available publications on garlic in heart-related issues, authors found that garlic and its sulfur (S)-based organic constituents may have advantageous applications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Chaurasia
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Chemical, Biological and Environmental Laboratory, L.S. College, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 842001, India
| | - Shashi Lata Bharati
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, 791109, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Navyug Kanya Mahavidyalaya, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226004, India
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Dai X, Jia C, Lu J, Yu Z. The dynamics of bioactive compounds and their contributions to the antioxidant activity of postharvest chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.). Food Res Int 2023; 174:113600. [PMID: 37986531 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds, phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acids (AsA) are known to account for the bulk of chive's (Allium schoenoprasum L.) antioxidant properties. This study uncovered the contribution of each of these compounds to the chive's antioxidant activity under different storage conditions. The results showed that room temperature (RT) accelerated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, though phenolics, organosulfur compounds, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and scavenging activity toward hydroxyl radical (OH) and superoxide anion (O2-) were observed to be enhanced in chives stored at RT. In contrast, AsA content, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activity of the chive were increased by LT on day 5. Furthermore, S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides (CSOs) showed OH scavenging and weak DPPH scavenging but had no O2- scavenging and FRAP capacity. Volatile organosulfur compounds showed no antioxidant activities. Conclusively, the data demonstrated that AsA was largely responsible for DPPH scavenging and FRAP activity of the chive, while phenolic compounds, especially vanillic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, were primarily responsible for OH and O2- scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Dai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian 223003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chonglei Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhifang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Adjei‐Mensah B, Quaye B, Opoku O, Atuahene CC. Antiviral potentials of garlic (Allium sativum) in poultry production: A mini review. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2711-2718. [PMID: 37647249 PMCID: PMC10650359 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry enterprise is challenged with high economic losses due to viral infections. The outbreak of such infections, including Newcastle disease, avian influenza, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease, could undermine poultry performance leading to decreased meat and egg production. The potency of vaccines in recent times has dropped with the rise in the virulence of antigens, which can interrupt vaccination defence. Natural herbs and phytochemicals have been extensively recommended because of their vast advantageous effects. Garlic and its bioactive organo-sulphur compounds have been proven to have antiviral, immunomodulatory and other pharmaceutical properties. Remarkable effects in poultry include a decrease in viral loads, an increase in antibody titres, lessening inflammatory cytokines and augmenting antiviral gene expression; however, methods of preparation, the dose of bioactive compounds and proportions administered may cause disparities in different reports. Therefore, this review highlights the potential of garlic against viral diseases, immunomodulatory, toxicity and pathological status in embryonated chicken eggs and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Adjei‐Mensah
- Regional Center of Excellence in Poultry ScienceUniversity of LomeLomeTogo
- Department of Animal ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Bernard Quaye
- Department of Animal ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Obed Opoku
- Department of Animal ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Zhu Z, Liao L, Gao M, Liu Q. Garlic-derived exosome-like nanovesicles alleviate dextran sulphate sodium-induced mouse colitis via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and gut microbiota modulation. Food Funct 2023; 14:7520-7534. [PMID: 37523213 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01094e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles play an important role in transferring their biological cargos to recipient cells. The effect of garlic-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (GENs) against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of GENs on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. A comprehensive analysis of bioactive components in GENs was performed. Data showed that GENs contained 26 lipids, 61 proteins and 127 known microRNAs (miRNAs). Han-miR3630-5p in GENs could bind to the 3' untranslated region of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which led to the inhibition of TLR4 expression. Besides, GENs significantly up-regulated the expression of barrier-related proteins and inhibited the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced Caco-2 cells. As a result, pretreatment with GENs at 100 mg kg-1 efficiently ameliorated the inflammatory bowel behavior, intestinal histological pathological damage, and tight junction protein dysfunction induced by DSS in the colon tissue. Intake of GENs significantly down-regulated the expressions of TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which suppressed the downstream cascades and led to less secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by DSS. Furthermore, pretreatment with GENs altered the gut microbiota profile of colitis mice by recovering the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and reducing the relative abundance of Helicobacter. Totally, GENs had potential to protect the colon against DSS-induced damage through inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota. This study clarified the role of miRNAs of GENs in anti-colitis and proved that GENs had a potential application for IBD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liuyue Liao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingwei Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Fu Z, Lv J, Gao X, Zheng H, Shi S, Xu X, Zhang B, Wu H, Song Q. Effects of garlic supplementation on components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:260. [PMID: 37481521 PMCID: PMC10362699 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic (Allium sativum), the underground bulb of the Allium genus, has been consumed on Earth for thousands of years. Many clinical trials of garlic supplementation on components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have emerged in recent years, but there is no consensus on the effect. This meta-analysis aimed at systematically evaluating the effect of garlic supplementation on components of MetS. METHODS In this meta-analysis, we searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Medline, Web of Science databases, and clinical trials online sites from inception to November 1, 2022, with language restrictions to English. We engaged participants > 18 years and eligible for the clinical diagnosis of MetS or those with metabolic disorders and garlic was the only intervention. Outcomes included waist circumference, and body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted based on six covariates (total sample size, the mean age, the mean dose, the duration of intervention, the oral form of garlic, and the dietary intervention). RESULTS Results from 19 RCTs were included engaging 999 participants. Compared to placebo, garlic significantly reduced TG [SMD (95%CI) = -0.66 (-1.23, -0.09)], TC [SMD (95%CI) = -0.43 (-0.86, -0.01)], LDL [SMD (95%CI) = -0.44(-0.88, -0.01)], DBP [SMD (95%CI) = -1.33 (-2.14, -0.53)], BMI [SMD (95%CI) = -1.10(-1.90, -0.20)], and WC [SMD (95%CI) = -0.78(-1.09, -0.47)]. Meta-regression showed age and sample size are potential effect modifiers. CONCLUSION According to the results of meta-analysis, the modulatory effect of garlic on some MetS components is evident. More high-quality, large-scale RCTs are needed to confirm iat based on the high heterogeneity and potential publication bias of the current data. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=373228 , ID: CRD42022373228.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Fu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Lv
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiya Gao
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zheng
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Shi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxuan Zhang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqiao Song
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Medoro A, Davinelli S, Colletti A, Di Micoli V, Grandi E, Fogacci F, Scapagnini G, Cicero AFG. Nutraceuticals as Modulators of Immune Function: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Effects. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:89-107. [PMID: 37416796 PMCID: PMC10321448 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with nutraceuticals can promote optimal immune system activation, modulating different pathways that enhance immune defenses. Therefore, the immunity-boosting effects of nutraceuticals encompass not only immunomodulatory but also antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, with therapeutic effects against diverse pathological conditions. However, the complexity of the pathways that regulate the immune system, numerous mechanisms of action, and heterogeneity of the immunodeficiencies, and subjects treated make their application in the clinical field difficult. Some nutraceuticals appear to safely improve immune system function, particularly by preventing viral and bacterial infections in specific groups, such as children, the elderly, and athletes, as well as in frail patients, such as those affected by autoimmune diseases, chronic diseases, or cancer. Several nutraceuticals, such as vitamins, mineral salts, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, many types of phytocompounds, and probiotic strains, have the most consolidated evidence in humans. In most cases, further large and long-term randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the available preliminary positive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Micoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
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13
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González-Acedo A, Ramos-Torrecillas J, Illescas-Montes R, Costela-Ruiz VJ, Ruiz C, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, García-Martínez O. The Benefits of Olive Oil for Skin Health: Study on the Effect of Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol, and Oleocanthal on Human Fibroblasts. Nutrients 2023; 15:2077. [PMID: 37432217 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts contribute to maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis and are a key cell population in wound healing. This cell population can be stimulated by some bioactive compounds such as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hydroxytyrosol (htyr), tyrosol (tyr), and oleocanthal (ole) phenolic compounds present in EVOO on the proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and antigenic profile of cultured human fibroblasts. CCD-1064Sk human fibroblast cells were treated for 24 h with each polyphenol at doses ranging 10-5 to 10-9 M. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the MTT spectrophotometric technique, migration capacity by culture insert assay, and cell cycle and antigenic profile with flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was significantly increased by treatment with all compounds. The highest increases followed treatments with htyr or tyr at doses of 10-5 or 10-6 M and with ole at 10-6 and 10-7 M, and these compounds and doses were used for assays of antigenic profile, cell cycle, and migration. During the first few hours after treatment, increased fibronectin and α-actin expressions and greater cell migration were observed, with no cell cycle changes. In conclusion, these in vitro results suggest that phenolic compounds in EVOO might contribute to wound healing through action on fibroblasts related to tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel González-Acedo
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, C/Santander, 1, 52005 Melilla, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor J Costela-Ruiz
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, C/Cortadura del Valle, s.n., 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), University of Granada, Parque de Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Avda. del Conocimiento S/N, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
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14
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Prisacaru AE, Ghinea C, Albu E, Ursachi F. Effects of Ginger and Garlic Powders on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Fruit Juices during Storage. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061311. [PMID: 36981237 PMCID: PMC10048419 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural preservatives such as garlic and ginger can be added to the formulation of fresh fruit juices to encourage the consumption of health-promoting foods. In this study, the influence of garlic and ginger and the storage conditions on physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fruit juices were investigated. The fruit juice assortments were produced from apple, apple and pumpkin, and apple and pomegranate and were treated with 0.5 g garlic powder, 0.5 g ginger powder, and 0.25 g mix of garlic and ginger powders. A total of 12 unpasteurized samples were produced, of which 3 were control samples. Samples stored at 20 and 4 °C were analyzed at 0, 3, 6, and 9 days for water activity (aw), pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), electrical conductivity (EC), vitamin C, color parameters, total number of germs, yeasts, and molds, Listeria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli. Results showed that aw, pH, TSS, and vitamin C content decreased during storage of fruit juice samples, while TA increased. The lowest increase in total number of aerobic mesophilic germs was determined for the apple and pumpkin juice with garlic and ginger and apple juice with garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuța Elena Prisacaru
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Suceava-Botoșani Regional Innovative Bioeconomy Cluster Association, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Cristina Ghinea
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Eufrozina Albu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Florin Ursachi
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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15
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'Superfoods': Reliability of the Information for Consumers Available on the Web. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030546. [PMID: 36766074 PMCID: PMC9914617 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The term 'superfoods', used frequently with marketing purposes, is usually associated with foodstuffs with beneficial health properties. 'Superfoods' appears in many information sources, including digital media. The information they provide is easily accessible for consumers through Internet search engines. The objective of this work is to investigate the data that web pages offer to consumers and their accuracy according to current scientific knowledge. The two main search engines were utilized for English language websites search, introducing the term 'superfoods'. In total, 124 search results were found. After applying the selection criteria, 45 web pages were studied. A total of 136 foods were considered as 'superfoods' by sites; 10 of them (kale, spinach, salmon, blueberries, avocado, chia, walnuts, beans, fermented milks and garlic) were mentioned on at least 15 sites. Nutritional and healthy properties displayed on sites were compared to scientific information. In conclusion, websites present the information in a very simplified manner and it is generally not wrong. However, they should offer to consumers comprehensible information without raising false expectations regarding health benefits. In any case, 'superfoods' consumption can have salutary effects as part of a balanced diet.
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16
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Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) as an Ally in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:685-698. [PMID: 36661532 PMCID: PMC9858111 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, garlic (Allium sativum) has been used both as a traditional remedy for most health-related ailments and for culinary purposes. Current preclinical investigations have suggested that dietary garlic intake has beneficial health effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antiallergic, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Its therapeutic potential is influenced by the methods of use, preparation, and extraction. Of particular importance is the Aged Garlic Extract (AGE). During the aging process, the odorous, sour, and irritating compounds in fresh raw garlic, such as allicin, are naturally converted into stable and safe compounds that have significantly greater therapeutic effects than fresh garlic. In AGE, S-allylcysteine (SAC) and S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) are the major water-soluble organosulfurized compounds (OSCs). SAC has been extensively studied, demonstrating remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory capacities. Recently, AGE has been suggested as a promising candidate for the maintenance of immune system homeostasis through modulation of cytokine secretion, promotion of phagocytosis, and activation of macrophages. Since immune dysfunction plays an important role in the development and progress of various diseases, given the therapeutic effects of AGE, it can be thought of exploiting its immunoregulatory capacity to contribute to the treatment and prevention of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
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Plant Spices as a Source of Antimicrobial Synergic Molecules to Treat Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238210. [PMID: 36500303 PMCID: PMC9737474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the lack of antiviral agents available for human use, while the complexity of the physiological changes caused by coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) imposed the prescription of multidrug pharmacotherapy to treat infected patients. In a significant number of cases, it was necessary to add antibiotics to the prescription to decrease the risk of co-infections, preventing the worsening of the patient's condition. However, the precautionary use of antibiotics corroborated to increase bacterial resistance. Since the development of vaccines for COVID-19, the pandemic scenario has changed, but the development of new antiviral drugs is still a major challenge. Research for new drugs with synergistic activity against virus and resistant bacteria can produce drug leads to be used in the treatment of mild cases of COVID-19 and to fight other viruses and new viral diseases. Following the repurposing approach, plant spices have been searched for antiviral lead compounds, since the toxic effects of plants that are traditionally consumed are already known, speeding up the drug discovery process. The need for effective drugs in the context of viral diseases is discussed in this review, with special focus on plant-based spices with antiviral and antibiotic activity. The activity of plants against resistant bacteria, the diversity of the components present in plant extracts and the synergistic interaction of these metabolites and industrialized antibiotics are discussed, with the aim of contributing to the development of antiviral and antibiotic drugs. A literature search was performed in electronic databases such as Science Direct; SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online); LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences); Elsevier, SpringerLink; and Google Scholar, using the descriptors: antiviral plants, antibacterial plants, coronavirus treatment, morbidities and COVID-19, bacterial resistance, resistant antibiotics, hospital-acquired infections, spices of plant origin, coronaviruses and foods, spices with antiviral effect, drug prescriptions and COVID-19, and plant synergism. Articles published in English in the period from 2020 to 2022 and relevant to the topic were used as the main inclusion criteria.
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18
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects Induced by Allium sativum L. Extracts on an Ex Vivo Experimental Model of Ulcerative Colitis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223559. [PMID: 36429152 PMCID: PMC9689397 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic and multifactorial inflammatory conditions of the colonic mucosa (ulcerative colitis), characterized by increased and unbalanced immune response to external stimuli. Garlic and its bioactive constituents were reported to exert various biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. We aimed to evaluate the protective effects of a hydroalcoholic (GHE) and a water (GWE) extract from a Sicilian variety of garlic, known as Nubia red garlic, on an ex vivo experimental model of ulcerative colitis, involving isolated LPS-treated mouse colon specimens. Both extracts were able to counteract LPS-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), and interleukin (IL)-6 gene expression in mouse colon. Moreover, the same extracts inhibited prostaglandin (PG)E2, 8-iso-PGF2α, and increased the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/serotonin ratio following treatment with LPS. In particular, GHE showed a better anti-inflammatory profile. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects induced by both extracts could be related, at least partially, to their polyphenolic composition, with particular regards to catechin. Concluding, our results showed that GHE and GWE exhibited protective effects in colon, thus suggesting their potential use in the prevention and management of ulcerative colitis.
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GAO X, JIA Y, CHEN Z, SANTHANAM RK, ZHANG M, HE C, CHEN H. Synthesis of hydrogels based on nanocellulose from garlic straw and regulating the release of allicin and its cytotoxicity. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.43422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong GAO
- Tianjin University, China; General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China
| | | | | | | | - Min ZHANG
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, China
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