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Liang R, Zhu L, Huang Y, Chen J, Tang Q. Mitochondria: fundamental characteristics, challenges, and impact on aging. Biogerontology 2024:10.1007/s10522-024-10132-8. [PMID: 39196438 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most vital organelles within biological cells, mitochondria hold an irreplaceable status and play crucial roles in various diseases. Research and therapies targeting mitochondria have achieved significant progress in numerous conditions. Throughout an organism's lifespan, mitochondrial dynamics persist continuously, and due to their inherent characteristics and various external factors, mitochondria are highly susceptible to damage. This susceptibility is particularly evident during aging, where the decline in biological function is closely intertwined with mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite being an ancient and enigmatic organelle, much remains unknown about mitochondria. Here, we will explore the past and present knowledge of mitochondria, providing a comprehensive review of their intrinsic properties and interactions with nuclear DNA, as well as the challenges and impacts they face during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Liang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Luwen Zhu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yongyin Huang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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2
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Xiao QY, Wang RL, Wu HJ, Kuang WB, Meng WW, Cheng Z. Effect of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Cytokines in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1127-1135. [PMID: 38500481 PMCID: PMC10946400 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s453429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To probe into the influence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory cytokines in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (MASLD). Methods A total of 140 MASLD patients admitted to our Hospital between June 2020 and May 2021 were selected as the research objects. Based on the presence or absence of Hp infection, they were divided into the study group (73 cases with infection) and control group (67 cases without infection). Glucose metabolism indicators [fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), fasting insulin (FINS), glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc)], lipid metabolism indicators [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], and inflammatory indicators [interleukin-37 (IL-37), interleukin-18 (IL-18)] were measured and compared between the two groups. Results In terms of glucose metabolism indicators, the study group exhibited higher levels of FBG (5.84±0.49 vs 5.40±0.51, t=2.535, P=0.012), 2hPG (7.26±1.30 vs 6.50±1.53, t=3.321, P<0.001), and FINS (11.13±4.13 vs 9.12±3.72, t=3.224, P<0.001), and Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (2.97±0.35 VS 2.13±0.54, t=3.761, P<0.001) and a lower level of HbAlc (5.25±0.56 vs 6.12±0.57, t=5.473, P<0.001) compared to the control group. Regarding lipid metabolism indicators, the study group exhibited higher levels of TC (5.64±1.49 vs 5.01±1.32, t=3.332, P<0.001), TG (1.89±0.34 vs 1.32±0.43, t=3.411, P<0.001), and LDL-C (3.31±0.43 vs 2.12±0.29, t=4.142, P<0.001), and a lower level of HDL-C (1.45±0.21 vs 1.78±0.42, t=4.347, P<0.001) compared to the control group. As for the inflammatory indicators, the study group exhibited higher levels of IL-37 (45.56±6.02 vs 34.02±3.28, t=9.332, P<0.001) and IL-18 (73.57±5.82 vs 60.34±4.84, t=10.141, P<0.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion It is crucial to place appropriate emphasis on the impact of Hp infection on the glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response in MASLD patients, warranting careful consideration during the treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Xiao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Ren-Ling Wang
- Department of Oncology, Kaiping Central Hospital, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, 529399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Wen-Bin Kuang
- Department of Laboratory, Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Meng
- Department of Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Guantian Community Healthcare Center, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong province, 518100, People’s Republic of China
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Sathiaseelan R, Ahn B, Stout M, Logan S, Wanagat J, Nguyen H, Hord N, Vandiver A, Selvarani R, Ranjit R, Yarbrough H, Masingale A, Miller B, Wolf R, Austad S, Richardson A. A Genetically Heterogeneous Rat Model with Divergent Mitochondrial Genomes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:771-779. [PMID: 36762848 PMCID: PMC10172978 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated a genetically heterogenous rat model by a 4-way cross strategy using 4 inbred strains (Brown Norway [BN], Fischer 344 [F344], Lewis [LEW], and Wistar Kyoto [KY]) to provide investigators with a highly genetically diverse rat model from commercially available inbred rats. We made reciprocal crosses between males and females from the 2 F1 hybrids to generate genetically heterogeneous rats with mitochondrial genomes from either the BN (OKC-HETB, a.k.a "B" genotype) or WKY (OKC-HETW a.k.a "W" genotype) parental strains. These two mitochondrial genomes differ at 94 nucleotides, more akin to human mitochondrial genome diversity than that available in classical laboratory mouse strains. Body weights of the B and W genotypes were similar. However, mitochondrial genotype antagonistically affected grip strength and treadmill endurance in females only. In addition, mitochondrial genotype significantly affected multiple responses to a high-fat diet (HFD) and treatment with 17α-estradiol. Contrary to findings in mice in which males only are affected by 17α-estradiol supplementation, female rats fed a HFD beneficially responded to 17α-estradiol treatment as evidenced by declines in body mass, adiposity, and liver mass. Male rats, by contrast, differed in a mitochondrial genotype-specific manner, with only B males responding to 17α-estradiol treatment. Mitochondrial genotype and sex differences were also observed in features of brain-specific antioxidant response to a HFD and 17α-estradiol as shown by hippocampal levels of Sod2 acetylation, JNK, and FoxO3a. These results emphasize the importance of mitochondrial genotype in assessing responses to putative interventions in aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Sathiaseelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Bumsoo Ahn
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael B Stout
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Divisions of Geriatrics and Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles and Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hoang Van M Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Norman G Hord
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Amy R Vandiver
- Divisions of Geriatrics and Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles and Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ramasamy Selvarani
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hannah Yarbrough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Anthony Masingale
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Roman F Wolf
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Steven N Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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4
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Guichard JL, Kane MS, Grenett M, Sandel M, Benavides GA, Bradley WE, Powell PC, Darley-Usmar V, Ballinger SW, Dell'Italia LJ. Mitochondrial haplotype modulates genome expression and mitochondrial structure/function in cardiomyocytes following volume overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H484-H493. [PMID: 36800507 PMCID: PMC10010923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00371.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype regulates mitochondrial structure/function and reactive oxygen species in aortocaval fistula (ACF) in mice. Here, we unravel the mitochondrial haplotype effects on cardiomyocyte mitochondrial ultrastructure and transcriptome response to ACF in vivo. Phenotypic responses and quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and RNA sequence at 3 days were determined after sham surgery or ACF in vivo in cardiomyocytes from wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J (C57n:C57mt) and C3H/HeN (C3Hn:C3Hmt) and mitochondrial nuclear exchange mice (C57n:C3Hmt or C3Hn:C57mt). Quantitative TEM of cardiomyocyte mitochondria C3HWT hearts have more electron-dense compact mitochondrial cristae compared with C57WT. In response to ACF, mitochondrial area and cristae integrity are normal in C3HWT; however, there is mitochondrial swelling, cristae lysis, and disorganization in both C57WT and MNX hearts. Tissue analysis shows that C3HWT hearts have increased autophagy, antioxidant, and glucose fatty acid oxidation-related genes compared with C57WT. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of cardiomyocytes from ACF was dependent upon mtDNA haplotype. C57mtDNA haplotype was associated with increased inflammatory/protein synthesis pathways and downregulation of bioenergetic pathways, whereas C3HmtDNA showed upregulation of autophagy genes. In conclusion, ACF in vivo shows a protective response of C3Hmt haplotype that is in large part driven by mitochondrial nuclear genome interaction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The results of this study support the effects of mtDNA haplotype on nuclear gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Currently, there is no acceptable therapy for volume overload due to mitral regurgitation. The findings of this study could suggest that mtDNA haplotype activates different pathways after ACF warrants further investigations on human population of heart disease from different ancestry backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Guichard
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Mariame Selma Kane
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Maximiliano Grenett
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Michael Sandel
- Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Pamela Cox Powell
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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5
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Welch DR, Larson MA, Vivian CJ, Vivian JL. Generating Mitochondrial-Nuclear Exchange (MNX) Mice to Identify Mitochondrial Determinants of Cancer Metastasis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2660:43-59. [PMID: 37191789 PMCID: PMC10195030 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3163-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the contributions of mitochondrial genetics to disease pathogenesis is facilitated by a new and unique model-the mitochondrial-nuclear exchange mouse. Here we report the rationale for their development, the methods used to create them, and a brief summary of how MNX mice have been used to understand the contributions of mitochondrial DNA in multiple diseases, focusing on cancer metastasis. Polymorphisms in mtDNA which distinguish mouse strains exert intrinsic and extrinsic effects on metastasis efficiency by altering epigenetic marks in the nuclear genome, changing production of reactive oxygen species, altering the microbiota, and influencing immune responses to cancer cells. Although the focus of this report is cancer metastasis, MNX mice have proven to be valuable in studying mitochondrial contributions to other diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R Welch
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Internal Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Kansas University Medical Center and The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Melissa A Larson
- Transgenic and Gene-Targeting Institutional Facility, The Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Carolyn J Vivian
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jay L Vivian
- Transgenic and Gene-Targeting Institutional Facility, The Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Welch DR, Foster C, Rigoutsos I. Roles of mitochondrial genetics in cancer metastasis. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:1002-1018. [PMID: 35915015 PMCID: PMC9884503 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The contributions of mitochondria to cancer have been recognized for decades. However, the focus on the metabolic role of mitochondria and the diminutive size of the mitochondrial genome compared to the nuclear genome have hindered discovery of the roles of mitochondrial genetics in cancer. This review summarizes recent data demonstrating the contributions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy-number variants (CNVs), somatic mutations, and germline polymorphisms to cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. The goal is to summarize accumulating data to establish a framework for exploring the contributions of mtDNA to neoplasia and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Pathology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Christian Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Suite M81, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Chen J, Li R, Knapp S, Zhu G, Whitener RL, Leiter EH, Mathews CE. Intergenomic and epistatic interactions control free radical mediated pancreatic β-cell damage. Front Genet 2022; 13:994501. [PMID: 36276935 PMCID: PMC9585181 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.994501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloxan (AL)-generated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) selectively destroy insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. A previous genome-wide scan (GWS) using a cohort of 296 F2 hybrids between NOD (AL-sensitive) and ALR (AL-resistant) mice identified linkages contributing to β-cell susceptibility or resistance to AL-induced diabetes on Chromosomes (Chr) 2, 3, 8, and a single nucleotide polymorphism in mt-Nd2 of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). AL treatment of congenic and consomic NOD mouse stocks confirmed resistance linked to both the mtDNA and the Chr 8 locus from ALR [NOD.mtALR.ALR-(D8Mit293-D8Mit137)]. To identify possible epistatic interactions, the GWS analysis was expanded to 678 F2 mice. ALR-derived diabetes-resistance linkages on Chr 8 as well as the mt-Nd2a allele were confirmed and novel additional linkages on Chr 4, 5, 6, 7, and 13 were identified. Epistasis was observed between the linkages on Chr 8 and 2 and Chr 8 and 6. Furthermore, the mt-Nd2 genotype affected the epistatic interactions between Chr 8 and 2. These results demonstrate that a combination of nuclear-cytoplasmic genome interactions regulates β-cell sensitivity to ROS-mediated ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Renhua Li
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Knapp
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert L. Whitener
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Clayton E. Mathews,
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Wang ZH, Chen L, Li W, Chen L, Wang YP. Mitochondria transfer and transplantation in human health and diseases. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:80-87. [PMID: 35623561 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for energy production and cell metabolism. Disorders in mitochondrial function impair tissue integrity and have been implicated in multiple human diseases. Rather than constrained in host cells, mitochondria were recently found to actively travel between cells through nanotubes or extracellular vesicles. Mitochondria transportation represents a key mechanism of intercellular communication implicated in metabolic homeostasis, immune response, and stress signaling. Here we reviewed recent progress in mitochondria transfer under physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, tumor cells imported mitochondria from adjacent cells in the microenvironment which potentially modulated cancer progression. Intercellular mitochondria trafficking also inspired therapeutic intervention of human diseases with mitochondria transplantation. Artificial mitochondria, generated through mitochondria genome engineering or mitochondria-nucleus hybridization, further advanced our understanding of mitochondrial biology and its therapeutic potential. Innovative tools and animal models of mitochondria transplantation will assist the development of new therapies for mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, and The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, and The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 20032, China.
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Therapeutic applications of mitochondrial transplantation. Biochimie 2022; 195:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Restoring fertility in yeast hybrids: Breeding and quantitative genetics of beneficial traits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101242118. [PMID: 34518218 PMCID: PMC8463882 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101242118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrids between species can harbor a combination of beneficial traits from each parent and may exhibit hybrid vigor, more readily adapting to new harsher environments. Interspecies hybrids are also sterile and therefore an evolutionary dead end unless fertility is restored, usually via auto-polyploidisation events. In the Saccharomyces genus, hybrids are readily found in nature and in industrial settings, where they have adapted to severe fermentative conditions. Due to their hybrid sterility, the development of new commercial yeast strains has so far been primarily conducted via selection methods rather than via further breeding. In this study, we overcame infertility by creating tetraploid intermediates of Saccharomyces interspecies hybrids to allow continuous multigenerational breeding. We incorporated nuclear and mitochondrial genetic diversity within each parental species, allowing for quantitative genetic analysis of traits exhibited by the hybrids and for nuclear-mitochondrial interactions to be assessed. Using pooled F12 generation segregants of different hybrids with extreme phenotype distributions, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for tolerance to high and low temperatures, high sugar concentration, high ethanol concentration, and acetic acid levels. We identified QTLs that are species specific, that are shared between species, as well as hybrid specific, in which the variants do not exhibit phenotypic differences in the original parental species. Moreover, we could distinguish between mitochondria-type-dependent and -independent traits. This study tackles the complexity of the genetic interactions and traits in hybrid species, bringing hybrids into the realm of full genetic analysis of diploid species, and paves the road for the biotechnological exploitation of yeast biodiversity.
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Gusdon AM, Hui Y, Chen J, Mathews CE, Qu S. Mitochondrial haplogroup G is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, while haplogroup A mitigates the effects of PNPLA3. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021; 4:e00187. [PMID: 33532620 PMCID: PMC7831202 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesized that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups affect the risk of NAFLD in Han Chinese patients and interact with PNPLA3 genotypes. Design NAFLD and control patients were recruited from a tertiary care centre. The mitochondrial genome was amplified in overlapping segments and sequenced. Mitochondrial haplogroups were determined using Mitomaster. PNPLA3 rs738409 genotyping was performed using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Patients We enrolled 655 NAFLD patients and 504 controls. Results More NAFLD patients encoded haplogroup G; odds ratio (OR) 1.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16, 2.80). Subhaplogroup G3 was present more frequently in NAFLD patients (25.8% vs 6.5%). The PNPLA3 CG genotype resulted in an OR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.25, 2.21), and the GG genotype resulted in an OR of 2.33 (95% CI 1.72, 3.17) for NAFLD. Patients with mitochondrial haplogroup A had a significantly higher frequency of genotype GG. Among patients with haplogroup A, no PNPLA3 genotype was associated with increased NAFLD risk (CG: OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.55, 2.34; GG: OR 1.04 95% CI 0.66, 2.65). Excluding haplogroup A, the OR for CG was 1.58 (95% CI 1.18, 2.12), and the OR for GG was 1.81 (95% CI 1.30, 2.51). Conclusion Haplogroup G was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD PNPLA3 GG genotype was overrepresented among patients encoding haplogroup A and was not associated with NAFLD risk among haplogroup A patients. Mitochondrial genetics influence NAFLD risk and interact with PNPLA3 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Gusdon
- Department of NeurosurgeryMischer Neuroscience AssociatesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - You Hui
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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12
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English J, Son JM, Cardamone MD, Lee C, Perissi V. Decoding the rosetta stone of mitonuclear communication. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105161. [PMID: 32846213 PMCID: PMC7755734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis in eukaryotic cells requires synchronized coordination of multiple organelles. A key role in this stage is played by mitochondria, which have recently emerged as highly interconnected and multifunctional hubs that process and coordinate diverse cellular functions. Beyond producing ATP, mitochondria generate key metabolites and are central to apoptotic and metabolic signaling pathways. Because most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome, the biogenesis of new mitochondria and the maintenance of mitochondrial functions and flexibility critically depend upon effective mitonuclear communication. This review addresses the complex network of signaling molecules and pathways allowing mitochondria-nuclear communication and coordinated regulation of their independent but interconnected genomes, and discusses the extent to which dynamic communication between the two organelles has evolved for mutual benefit and for the overall maintenance of cellular and organismal fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin English
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jyung Mean Son
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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13
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Bae-Gartz I, Kasper P, Großmann N, Breuer S, Janoschek R, Kretschmer T, Appel S, Schmitz L, Vohlen C, Quaas A, Schweiger MR, Grimm C, Fischer A, Ferrari N, Graf C, Frese CK, Lang S, Demir M, Schramm C, Fink G, Goeser T, Dötsch J, Hucklenbruch-Rother E. Maternal exercise conveys protection against NAFLD in the offspring via hepatic metabolic programming. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15424. [PMID: 32963289 PMCID: PMC7508970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal exercise (ME) during pregnancy has been shown to improve metabolic health in offspring and confers protection against the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its underlying mechanism are still poorly understood, and it remains unclear whether protective effects on hepatic metabolism are already seen in the offspring early life. This study aimed at determining the effects of ME during pregnancy on offspring body composition and development of NAFLD while focusing on proteomic-based analysis of the hepatic energy metabolism during developmental organ programming in early life. Under an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD), male offspring of exercised C57BL/6J-mouse dams were protected from body weight gain and NAFLD in adulthood (postnatal day (P) 112). This was associated with a significant activation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and PPAR coactivator-1 alpha (PGC1α) signaling with reduced hepatic lipogenesis and increased hepatic β-oxidation at organ programming peak in early life (P21). Concomitant proteomic analysis revealed a characteristic hepatic expression pattern in offspring as a result of ME with the most prominent impact on Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Thus, ME may offer protection against offspring HFD-induced NAFLD by shaping hepatic proteomics signature and metabolism in early life. The results highlight the potential of exercise during pregnancy for preventing the early origins of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Bae-Gartz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kasper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nora Großmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saida Breuer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Janoschek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Kretschmer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Appel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmitz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Vohlen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michal R Schweiger
- Translational Epigenetics and Tumor Genetic, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Grimm
- Translational Epigenetics and Tumor Genetic, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nina Ferrari
- Cologne Center for Prevention in Childhood and Youth / Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, Department of Movement and Health Promotion, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Graf
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, Department of Movement and Health Promotion, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian K Frese
- Proteomics Core Facility, CECAD Research Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max-Planck-Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Campus Mitte and Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregor Fink
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Goeser
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Brown JA, Sammy MJ, Ballinger SW. An evolutionary, or "Mitocentric" perspective on cellular function and disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101568. [PMID: 32512469 PMCID: PMC7281786 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of common, metabolic diseases (e.g. obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes) with complex genetic etiology has been steadily increasing nationally and globally. While identification of a genetic model that explains susceptibility and risk for these diseases has been pursued over several decades, no clear paradigm has yet been found to disentangle the genetic basis of polygenic/complex disease development. Since the evolution of the eukaryotic cell involved a symbiotic interaction between the antecedents of the mitochondrion and nucleus (which itself is a genetic hybrid), we suggest that this history provides a rational basis for investigating whether genetic interaction and co-evolution of these genomes still exists. We propose that both mitochondrial and Mendelian, or "mito-Mendelian" genetics play a significant role in cell function, and thus disease risk. This paradigm contemplates the natural variation and co-evolution of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA backgrounds on multiple mitochondrial functions that are discussed herein, including energy production, cell signaling and immune response, which collectively can influence disease development. At the nexus of these processes is the economy of mitochondrial metabolism, programmed by both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamelle A Brown
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Melissa J Sammy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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15
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Yamada M, Akashi K, Ooka R, Miyado K, Akutsu H. Mitochondrial Genetic Drift after Nuclear Transfer in Oocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5880. [PMID: 32824295 PMCID: PMC7461576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are energy-producing intracellular organelles containing their own genetic material in the form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which codes for proteins and RNAs essential for mitochondrial function. Some mtDNA mutations can cause mitochondria-related diseases. Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders with no cure, in which mutated mtDNA is passed from mothers to offspring via maternal egg cytoplasm. Mitochondrial replacement (MR) is a genome transfer technology in which mtDNA carrying disease-related mutations is replaced by presumably disease-free mtDNA. This therapy aims at preventing the transmission of known disease-causing mitochondria to the next generation. Here, a proof of concept for the specific removal or editing of mtDNA disease-related mutations by genome editing is introduced. Although the amount of mtDNA carryover introduced into human oocytes during nuclear transfer is low, the safety of mtDNA heteroplasmy remains a concern. This is particularly true regarding donor-recipient mtDNA mismatch (mtDNA-mtDNA), mtDNA-nuclear DNA (nDNA) mismatch caused by mixing recipient nDNA with donor mtDNA, and mtDNA replicative segregation. These conditions can lead to mtDNA genetic drift and reversion to the original genotype. In this review, we address the current state of knowledge regarding nuclear transplantation for preventing the inheritance of mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.A.); (R.O.)
| | - Kazuhiro Akashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.A.); (R.O.)
| | - Reina Ooka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.A.); (R.O.)
| | - Kenji Miyado
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (K.M.); (H.A.)
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (K.M.); (H.A.)
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16
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Reynolds JC, Bwiza CP, Lee C. Mitonuclear genomics and aging. Hum Genet 2020; 139:381-399. [PMID: 31997134 PMCID: PMC7147958 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our cells operate based on two distinct genomes that are enclosed in the nucleus and mitochondria. The mitochondrial genome presumably originates from endosymbiotic bacteria. With time, a large portion of the original genes in the bacterial genome is considered to have been lost or transferred to the nuclear genome, leaving a reduced 16.5 Kb circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Traditionally only 37 genes, including 13 proteins, were thought to be encoded within mtDNA, its genetic repertoire is expanding with the identification of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs). The biology of aging has been largely unveiled to be regulated by genes that are encoded in the nuclear genome, whereas the mitochondrial genome remained more cryptic. However, recent studies position mitochondria and mtDNA as an important counterpart to the nuclear genome, whereby the two organelles constantly regulate each other. Thus, the genomic network that regulates lifespan and/or healthspan is likely constituted by two unique, yet co-evolved, genomes. Here, we will discuss aspects of mitochondrial biology, especially mitochondrial communication that may add substantial momentum to aging research by accounting for both mitonuclear genomes to more comprehensively and inclusively map the genetic and molecular networks that govern aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Reynolds
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Conscience P Bwiza
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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17
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Braganza A, Annarapu GK, Shiva S. Blood-based bioenergetics: An emerging translational and clinical tool. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100835. [PMID: 31864667 PMCID: PMC7031032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrate that mitochondrial genetics and function are central to determining the susceptibility to, and prognosis of numerous diseases across all organ systems. Despite this recognition, mitochondrial function remains poorly characterized in humans primarily due to the invasiveness of obtaining viable tissue for mitochondrial studies. Recent studies have begun to test the hypothesis that circulating blood cells, which can be obtained by minimally invasive methodology, can be utilized as a biomarker of systemic bioenergetic function in human populations. Here we present the available methodologies for assessing blood cell bioenergetics and review studies that have applied these techniques to healthy and disease populations. We focus on the validation of this methodology in healthy subjects, as well as studies testing whether blood cell bioenergetics are altered in disease, correlate with clinical parameters, and compare with other methodology for assessing human mitochondrial function. Finally, we present the challenges and goals for the development of this emerging approach into a tool for translational research and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Braganza
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gowtham K Annarapu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine (C3M), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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18
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Hill BG, Shiva S, Ballinger S, Zhang J, Darley-Usmar VM. Bioenergetics and translational metabolism: implications for genetics, physiology and precision medicine. Biol Chem 2019; 401:3-29. [PMID: 31815377 PMCID: PMC6944318 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is now becoming clear that human metabolism is extremely plastic and varies substantially between healthy individuals. Understanding the biochemistry that underlies this physiology will enable personalized clinical interventions related to metabolism. Mitochondrial quality control and the detailed mechanisms of mitochondrial energy generation are central to understanding susceptibility to pathologies associated with aging including cancer, cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases. A precision medicine approach is also needed to evaluate the impact of exercise or caloric restriction on health. In this review, we discuss how technical advances in assessing mitochondrial genetics, cellular bioenergetics and metabolomics offer new insights into developing metabolism-based clinical tests and metabolotherapies. We discuss informatics approaches, which can define the bioenergetic-metabolite interactome and how this can help define healthy energetics. We propose that a personalized medicine approach that integrates metabolism and bioenergetics with physiologic parameters is central for understanding the pathophysiology of diseases with a metabolic etiology. New approaches that measure energetics and metabolomics from cells isolated from human blood or tissues can be of diagnostic and prognostic value to precision medicine. This is particularly significant with the development of new metabolotherapies, such as mitochondrial transplantation, which could help treat complex metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford G. Hill
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism & Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15143
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Victor M. Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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19
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Benayoun BA, Lee C. MOTS-c: A Mitochondrial-Encoded Regulator of the Nucleus. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1900046. [PMID: 31378979 PMCID: PMC8224472 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are increasingly being recognized as information hubs that sense cellular changes and transmit messages to other cellular components, such as the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Nonetheless, the interaction between mitochondria and the nucleus is of special interest because they both host part of the cellular genome. Thus, the communication between genome-bearing organelles would likely include gene expression regulation. Multiple nuclear-encoded proteins have been known to regulate mitochondrial gene expression. On the contrary, no mitochondrial-encoded factors are known to actively regulate nuclear gene expression. MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S ribosomal RNA type-c) is a recently identified peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene that has metabolic functions. Notably, MOTS-c can translocate to the nucleus upon metabolic stress (e.g., glucose restriction and oxidative stress) and directly regulate adaptive nuclear gene expression to promote cellular homeostasis. It is hypothesized that cellular fitness requires the coevolved mitonuclear genomes to coordinate adaptive responses using gene-encoded factors that cross-regulate the opposite genome. This suggests that cellular gene expression requires the bipartite split genomes to operate as a unified system, rather than the nucleus being the sole master regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Program, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Program, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kaufman BA, Picard M, Sondheimer N. Mitochondrial DNA, nuclear context, and the risk for carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:455-462. [PMID: 29332303 PMCID: PMC6045969 DOI: 10.1002/em.22169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from mother to child is complicated by differences in the stability of the mitochondrial genome. Although the germ line mtDNA is protected through the minimization of replication between generations, sequence variation can occur either through mutation or due to changes in the ratio between distinct genomes that are present in the mother (known as heteroplasmy). Thus, the unpredictability in transgenerational inheritance of mtDNA may cause the emergence of pathogenic mitochondrial and cellular phenotypes in offspring. Studies of the role of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer have a long and rich history, but recent evidence strongly suggests that changes in mitochondrial genotype and phenotype play a significant role in the initiation, progression and treatment of cancer. At the intersection of these two fields lies the potential for emerging mtDNA mutations to drive carcinogenesis in the offspring. In this review, we suggest that this facet of transgenerational carcinogenesis remains underexplored and is a potentially important contributor to cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:455-462, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A. Kaufman
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA (USA)
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Neal Sondheimer
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G1X8
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G1X8
- Correspondence to: Neal Sondheimer, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON M5G 1X8, p – 416-813-7654 x 301480, f – 416-813-5345,
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21
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Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a time-dependent progressive deterioration of multiple factors of the cellular system. The past several decades have witnessed major leaps in our understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging using dietary, genetic, pharmacological, and physical interventions. Metabolic processes, including nutrient sensing pathways and mitochondrial function, have emerged as prominent regulators of aging. Mitochondria have been considered to play a key role largely due to their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA damage that accumulates over time and ultimately causes cellular failure. This theory, known as the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA), was favored by the aging field, but increasing inconsistent evidence has led to criticism and rejection of this idea. However, MFRTA should not be hastily rejected in its entirety because we now understand that ROS is not simply an undesired toxic metabolic byproduct, but also an important signaling molecule that is vital to cellular fitness. Notably, mitochondrial function, a term traditionally referred to bioenergetics and apoptosis, has since expanded considerably. It encompasses numerous other key biological processes, including the following: (i) complex metabolic processes, (ii) intracellular and endocrine signaling/communication, and (iii) immunity/inflammation. Here, we will discuss shortcomings of previous concepts regarding mitochondria in aging and their emerging roles based on recent advances. We will also discuss how the mitochondrial genome integrates with major theories on the evolution of aging. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(1): 13-23].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyung Mean Son
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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22
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Scheid AD, Beadnell TC, Welch DR. The second genome: Effects of the mitochondrial genome on cancer progression. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 142:63-105. [PMID: 30885364 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of genetics in cancer has been recognized for centuries, but most studies elucidating genetic contributions to cancer have understandably focused on the nuclear genome. Mitochondrial contributions to cancer pathogenesis have been documented for decades, but how mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) influences cancer progression and metastasis remains poorly understood. This lack of understanding stems from difficulty isolating the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes as experimental variables, which is critical for investigating direct mtDNA contributions to disease given extensive crosstalk exists between both genomes. Several in vitro and in vivo models have isolated mtDNA as an independent variable from the nuclear genome. This review compares and contrasts different models, their advantages and disadvantages for studying mtDNA contributions to cancer, focusing on the mitochondrial-nuclear exchange (MNX) mouse model and findings regarding tumor progression, metastasis, and other complex cancer-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Scheid
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Thomas C Beadnell
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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23
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Mitochondrial - nuclear genetic interaction modulates whole body metabolism, adiposity and gene expression in vivo. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:316-328. [PMID: 30232024 PMCID: PMC6197375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that changes in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) would significantly influence whole body metabolism, adiposity and gene expression in response to diet. Because it is not feasible to directly test these predictions in humans we used Mitochondrial-Nuclear eXchange mice, which have reciprocally exchanged nuclear and mitochondrial genomes between different Mus musculus strains. Results demonstrate that nuclear-mitochondrial genetic background combination significantly alters metabolic efficiency and body composition. Comparative RNA sequencing analysis in adipose tissues also showed a clear influence of the mtDNA on regulating nuclear gene expression on the same nuclear background (up to a 10-fold change in the number of differentially expressed genes), revealing that neither Mendelian nor mitochondrial genetics unilaterally control gene expression. Additional analyses indicate that nuclear-mitochondrial genome combination modulates gene expression in a manner heretofore not described. These findings provide a new framework for understanding complex genetic disease susceptibility.
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Bellanti F, Villani R, Tamborra R, Blonda M, Iannelli G, di Bello G, Facciorusso A, Poli G, Iuliano L, Avolio C, Vendemiale G, Serviddio G. Synergistic interaction of fatty acids and oxysterols impairs mitochondrial function and limits liver adaptation during nafld progression. Redox Biol 2018; 15:86-96. [PMID: 29220698 PMCID: PMC5725223 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete mechanism accounting for the progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been elucidated. Lipotoxicity refers to cellular injury caused by hepatic free fatty acids (FFAs) and cholesterol accumulation. Excess cholesterol autoxidizes to oxysterols during oxidative stress conditions. We hypothesize that interaction of FAs and cholesterol derivatives may primarily impair mitochondrial function and affect biogenesis adaptation during NAFLD progression. We demonstrated that the accumulation of specific non-enzymatic oxysterols in the liver of animals fed high-fat+high-cholesterol diet induces mitochondrial damage and depletion of proteins of the respiratory chain complexes. When tested in vitro, 5α-cholestane-3β,5,6β-triol (triol) combined to FFAs was able to reduce respiration in isolated liver mitochondria, induced apoptosis in primary hepatocytes, and down-regulated transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Finally, a lower protein content in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was observed in human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In conclusion, hepatic accumulation of FFAs and non-enzymatic oxysterols synergistically facilitates development and progression of NAFLD by impairing mitochondrial function, energy balance and biogenesis adaptation to chronic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tamborra
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Blonda
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Iannelli
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giorgia di Bello
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Carlo Avolio
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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More than a powerplant: the influence of mitochondrial transfer on the epigenome. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 3:16-24. [PMID: 29750205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Each cell in the human body, with the exception of red blood cells, contains multiple copies of mitochondria that house their own genetic material, the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondria are the cell's powerplant due to their massive ATP generation. However, the mitochondrion is also a hub for metabolite production from the TCA cycle, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and ketogenesis. In addition to producing macromolecules for biosynthetic reactions and cell replication, several mitochondrial intermediate metabolites serve as cofactors or substrates for epigenome modifying enzymes that regulate chromatin structure and impact gene expression. Here, we discuss connections between mitochondrial metabolites and enzymatic writers and erasers of chromatin modifications. We do this from the unique perspective of cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer and its potential impact on mitochondrial replacement therapies.
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26
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Chan SSL. Inherited mitochondrial genomic instability and chemical exposures. Toxicology 2017; 391:75-83. [PMID: 28756246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There are approximately 1500 proteins that are needed for mitochondrial structure and function, most of which are encoded in the nuclear genome (Calvo et al., 2006). Each mitochondrion has its own genome (mtDNA), which in humans encodes 13 polypeptides, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs required for oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial genome of humans and most vertebrates is approximately 16.5kbp, double-stranded, circular, with few non-coding bases. Thus, maintaining mtDNA stability, that is, the ability of the cell to maintain adequate levels of mtDNA template for oxidative phosphorylation is essential and can be impacted by the level of mtDNA mutation currently within the cell or mitochondrion, but also from errors made during normal mtDNA replication, defects in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, and exacerbated by exposures to exogenous and/or endogenous genotoxic agents. In this review, we expand on the origins and consequences of mtDNA instability, the current state of research regarding the mechanisms by which mtDNA instability can be overcome by cellular and chemical interventions, and the future of research and treatments for mtDNA instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine S L Chan
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Neuroene Therapeutics, Mt. Pleasant, SC 29464, United States.
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Saki M, Prakash A. DNA damage related crosstalk between the nucleus and mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:216-227. [PMID: 27915046 PMCID: PMC5449269 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The electron transport chain is the primary pathway by which a cell generates energy in the form of ATP. Byproducts of this process produce reactive oxygen species that can cause damage to mitochondrial DNA. If not properly repaired, the accumulation of DNA damage can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction linked to several human disorders including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are able to combat oxidative DNA damage via repair mechanisms that are analogous to those found in the nucleus. Of the repair pathways currently reported in the mitochondria, the base excision repair pathway is the most comprehensively described. Proteins that are involved with the maintenance of mtDNA are encoded by nuclear genes and translocate to the mitochondria making signaling between the nucleus and mitochondria imperative. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of mitochondrial DNA repair mechanisms and also highlight the sensors and signaling pathways that mediate crosstalk between the nucleus and mitochondria in the event of mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saki
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, The University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, The University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, United States.
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Lee C, Kim KH, Cohen P. MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:182-187. [PMID: 27216708 PMCID: PMC5116416 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are ancient organelles that are thought to have emerged from once free-living α-proto-bacteria. As such, they still possess several bacterial-like qualities, including a semi-autonomous genetic system, complete with an independent genome and a unique genetic code. The bacterial-like circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been described to encode 37 genes, including 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 13 mRNAs. Two additional peptides reported to originate from the mtDNA, namely humanin (Hashimoto et al., 2001; Ikone et al., 2003; Guo et al., 2003) [1-3] and MOTS-c (mitochondrial ORF of the twelve S c) (Lee et al., 2015) [4], indicate a larger mitochondrial genetic repertoire (Shokolenko and Alexeyev, 2015) [5]. These mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) have profound and distinct biological activities and provide a paradigm-shifting concept of active mitochondrial-encoded signals that act at the cellular and organismal level (i.e. mitochondrial hormone) (da Cunha et al., 2015; Quiros et al., 2016) [6,7]. Considering that mitochondria are the single most important metabolic organelle, it is not surprising that these MDPs have metabolic actions. MOTS-c has been shown to target the skeletal muscle and enhance glucose metabolism. As such, MOTS-c has implications in the regulation of obesity, diabetes, exercise, and longevity, representing an entirely novel mitochondrial signaling mechanism to regulate metabolism within and between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhan Lee
- USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 3715 McClintock Ave., Suite 103, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Kyung Hwa Kim
- USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 3715 McClintock Ave., Suite 103, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 3715 McClintock Ave., Suite 103, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
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30
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Yue L, Yao H. Mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammatory responses and cellular senescence: pathogenesis and pharmacological targets for chronic lung diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2305-18. [PMID: 27189175 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, which couple the various cellular processes that regulate metabolism, cell proliferation and survival. Environmental stress can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamic changes including reduced mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, as well as mitophagy impairment, which leads to increased ROS, inflammatory responses and cellular senescence. Oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular senescence all have important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In this review, we discuss the current state on how mitochondrial dysfunction affects inflammatory responses and cellular senescence, the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases and the potential of mitochondrial transfer and replacement as treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yue
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
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Tripathy S, Chapman JD, Han CY, Hogarth CA, Arnold SLM, Onken J, Kent T, Goodlett DR, Isoherranen N. All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Enhances Mitochondrial Function in Models of Human Liver. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:560-74. [PMID: 26921399 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A. The liver is the main storage organ of vitamin A, but activation of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in mouse liver and in human liver cell lines has also been shown. AlthoughatRA treatment improves mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle in rodents, its role in modulating mitochondrial function in the liver is controversial, and little data are available regarding the human liver. The aim of this study was to determine whetheratRA regulates hepatic mitochondrial activity.atRA treatment increased the mRNA and protein expression of multiple components of mitochondrialβ-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and respiratory chain. Additionally,atRA increased mitochondrial biogenesis in human hepatocytes and in HepG2 cells with and without lipid loading based on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1αand 1βand nuclear respiratory factor 1 mRNA and mitochondrial DNA quantification.atRA also increasedβ-oxidation and ATP production in HepG2 cells and in human hepatocytes. Knockdown studies of RARα, RARβ, and PPARδrevealed that the enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis andβ-oxidation byatRA requires peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta. In vivo in mice,atRA treatment increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers after an overnight fast. Inhibition ofatRA metabolism by talarozole, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 26 specific inhibitor, increased the effects ofatRA on mitochondrial biogenesis markers in HepG2 cells and in vivo in mice. These studies show thatatRA regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism and that increasingatRA concentrations in human liver via CYP26 inhibition may increase mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acidβ-oxidation and provide therapeutic benefit in diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Tripathy
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - John D Chapman
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Chang Y Han
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Cathryn A Hogarth
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Samuel L M Arnold
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Jennifer Onken
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Travis Kent
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - David R Goodlett
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
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Schröder T, Kucharczyk D, Bär F, Pagel R, Derer S, Jendrek ST, Sünderhauf A, Brethack AK, Hirose M, Möller S, Künstner A, Bischof J, Weyers I, Heeren J, Koczan D, Schmid SM, Divanovic S, Giles DA, Adamski J, Fellermann K, Lehnert H, Köhl J, Ibrahim S, Sina C. Mitochondrial gene polymorphisms alter hepatic cellular energy metabolism and aggravate diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Mol Metab 2016; 5:283-295. [PMID: 27069868 PMCID: PMC4812012 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and is associated with an enhanced risk for liver and cardiovascular diseases and mortality. NAFLD can progress from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanisms predisposing to this progression remain undefined. Notably, hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction is a common finding in patients with NASH. Due to a lack of appropriate experimental animal models, it has not been evaluated whether this mitochondrial dysfunction plays a causative role for the development of NASH. Methods To determine the effect of a well-defined mitochondrial dysfunction on liver physiology at baseline and during dietary challenge, C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice were employed. This conplastic inbred strain has been previously reported to exhibit decreased mitochondrial respiration likely linked to a non-synonymous gene variation (nt7778 G/T) of the mitochondrial ATP synthase protein 8 (mt-ATP8). Results At baseline conditions, C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice displayed hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by decreased ATP production and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, genes affecting lipid metabolism were differentially expressed, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels were changed in these animals, and various acyl-carnitines were altered, pointing towards an impaired mitochondrial carnitine shuttle. However, over a period of twelve months, no spontaneous hepatic steatosis or inflammation was observed. On the other hand, upon dietary challenge with either a methionine and choline deficient diet or a western-style diet, C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice developed aggravated steatohepatitis as characterized by lipid accumulation, ballooning of hepatocytes and infiltration of immune cells. Conclusions We observed distinct metabolic alterations in mice with a mitochondrial polymorphism associated hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. However, a second hit, such as dietary stress, was required to cause hepatic steatosis and inflammation. This study suggests a causative role of hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of experimental NASH. C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice (mt-ATP8, nt7778 G/T) display hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice display alterations in hepatic energy metabolism. C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice show no spontaneous hepatic steatosis or inflammation. C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice are susceptible to diet induced NASH. Study demonstrates causative role of mitochondrial dysfunction for NASH development.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, AMP-activated proteinkinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- ATP8, ATP synthase protein 8
- Arg, arginine
- Asp, aspartic acid
- B6-mtB6, C57BL/6
- B6-mtFVB, C57BL/6-mtFVB/N
- C0, free dl-carnitine
- C16, hexadecanoyl-l-carntine
- C18, octadecanoyl-l-carnitine
- CD, control diet
- CD3, cluster of differentiation receptor 3
- CPT I, carnitine-palmitoyltransferase I
- CYP51A1, cytochrome P450, family 51, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Gr1, granulocyte differentiation antigen 1
- H&E, hematoxylin–eosin staining
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- Hsd17b7, 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7
- IDI1, isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase 1
- IL, interleukin
- IPA, ingenuity pathway analysis
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- Lipid metabolism
- Ly6G, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G
- MCDD, methionine and choline deficient diet
- MSMO1, methylsterol monooxygenase 1
- Met, methionine
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- Mitochondrial gene polymorphism
- NAFL, non-alcoholic liver steatosis
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- ND3, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3
- OCR, oxygen consumption rate
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation system
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2
- STRING, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins
- Steatohepatitis
- TNFα
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- Tyr, tyrosine
- WD, western-style diet
- mt, mitochondrial
- pAMPK, phosphorylated AMP-activated proteinkinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Schröder
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - David Kucharczyk
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Bär
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - René Pagel
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefanie Derer
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Torben Jendrek
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annika Sünderhauf
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Brethack
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Misa Hirose
- University of Lübeck, The Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- University of Lübeck, The Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- University of Lübeck, The Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Guest Group Evolutionary Genomics, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Julia Bischof
- University of Lübeck, The Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Imke Weyers
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Heeren
- University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- University of Rostock, Institute of Immunology, Schillingallee 70, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Senad Divanovic
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati, Division of Immunobiology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Daniel Aaron Giles
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati, Division of Immunobiology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Center, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 4, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Fellermann
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- University of Lübeck, Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati, Division of Immunobiology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- University of Lübeck, The Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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Krzywanski DM, Moellering DR, Westbrook DG, Dunham-Snary KJ, Brown J, Bray AW, Feeley KP, Sammy MJ, Smith MR, Schurr TG, Vita JA, Ambalavanan N, Calhoun D, Dell'Italia L, Ballinger SW. Endothelial Cell Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial DNA Damage Differ in Humans Having African or West Eurasian Maternal Ancestry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:26-36. [PMID: 26787433 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that endothelial cells having distinct mitochondrial genetic backgrounds would show variation in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers concordant with known differential cardiovascular disease susceptibilities. To test this hypothesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics were determined in endothelial cells from healthy individuals with African versus European maternal ancestries. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioenergetics and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage were assessed in single-donor human umbilical vein endothelial cells belonging to mtDNA haplogroups H and L, representing West Eurasian and African maternal ancestries, respectively. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells from haplogroup L used less oxygen for ATP production and had increased levels of mtDNA damage compared with those in haplogroup H. Differences in bioenergetic capacity were also observed in that human umbilical vein endothelial cells belonging to haplogroup L had decreased maximal bioenergetic capacities compared with haplogroup H. Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from age-matched healthy controls with West Eurasian or African maternal ancestries showed that haplogroups sharing an A to G mtDNA mutation at nucleotide pair 10398 had increased mtDNA damage compared with those lacking this mutation. Further study of angiographically proven patients with coronary artery disease and age-matched healthy controls revealed that mtDNA damage was associated with vascular function and remodeling and that age of disease onset was later in individuals from haplogroups lacking the A to G mutation at nucleotide pair 10398. CONCLUSIONS Differences in mitochondrial bioenergetics and mtDNA damage associated with maternal ancestry may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Krzywanski
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Douglas R Moellering
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - David G Westbrook
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Kimberly J Dunham-Snary
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Jamelle Brown
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Alexander W Bray
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Kyle P Feeley
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Melissa J Sammy
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Matthew R Smith
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Joseph A Vita
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - David Calhoun
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Louis Dell'Italia
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.)
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (D.M.K.); Department of Nutrition Sciences (D.R.M.), Center for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (D.R.M., D.G.W., K.J.D.-S., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., L.D., S.W.B.), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology (D.G.W., J.B., A.W.B., K.P.F., M.J.S., M.R.S., S.W.B.), Department of Pediatrics (N.A.), Department of Medicine (D.C., L.D.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (K.J.D.-S.); Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.G.S.); and Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.V.).
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34
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Kesterson RA, Johnson LW, Lambert LJ, Vivian JL, Welch DR, Ballinger SW. Generation of Mitochondrial-nuclear eXchange Mice via Pronuclear Transfer. Bio Protoc 2016; 6:e1976. [PMID: 27840835 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial paradigm for common disease proposes that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation can contribute to disease susceptibility and progression. To test this concept, we developed the Mitochondrial-nuclear eXchange (MNX) model, in which isolated embryonic pronuclei from one strain of species are implanted into an enucleated embryo of a different strain of the same species (e.g., C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN, Mus musculus), generating a re-constructed zygote harboring nuclear and mitochondrial genomes from different strains. Two-cell embryos are transferred to the ostia of oviducts in CD-1 pseudopregnant mice and developed to term. Nuclear genotype and mtDNA haplotype are verified in offspring, and females selected as founders for desired MNX colonies. By utilizing MNX models, many new avenues for the in vivo study for mitochondrial and nuclear genetics, or mito-Mendelian genetics, are now possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry W Johnson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - Laura J Lambert
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - Jay L Vivian
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
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Bar-Yaacov D, Hadjivasiliou Z, Levin L, Barshad G, Zarivach R, Bouskila A, Mishmar D. Mitochondrial Involvement in Vertebrate Speciation? The Case of Mito-nuclear Genetic Divergence in Chameleons. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:3322-36. [PMID: 26590214 PMCID: PMC4700957 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compatibility between the nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes is important for organismal health. However, its significance for major evolutionary processes such as speciation is unclear, especially in vertebrates. We previously identified a sharp mtDNA-specific sequence divergence between morphologically indistinguishable chameleon populations (Chamaeleo chamaeleon recticrista) across an ancient Israeli marine barrier (Jezreel Valley). Because mtDNA introgression and gender-based dispersal were ruled out, we hypothesized that mtDNA spatial division was maintained by mito-nuclear functional compensation. Here, we studied RNA-seq generated from each of ten chameleons representing the north and south populations and identified candidate nonsynonymous substitutions (NSSs) matching the mtDNA spatial distribution. The most prominent NSS occurred in 14 nDNA-encoded mitochondrial proteins. Increased chameleon sample size (N = 70) confirmed the geographic differentiation in POLRMT, NDUFA5, ACO1, LYRM4, MARS2, and ACAD9. Structural and functionality evaluation of these NSSs revealed high functionality. Mathematical modeling suggested that this mito-nuclear spatial divergence is consistent with hybrid breakdown. We conclude that our presented evidence and mathematical model underline mito-nuclear interactions as a likely role player in incipient speciation in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bar-Yaacov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Zena Hadjivasiliou
- Centre for Mathematics, Physics and Engineering in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, UCL, London, United Kingdom Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liron Levin
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Gilad Barshad
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Amos Bouskila
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Mishmar
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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Dunham-Snary KJ, Ballinger SW. GENETICS. Mitochondrial-nuclear DNA mismatch matters. Science 2015; 349:1449-50. [PMID: 26404813 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Levin L, Blumberg A, Barshad G, Mishmar D. Mito-nuclear co-evolution: the positive and negative sides of functional ancient mutations. Front Genet 2014; 5:448. [PMID: 25566330 PMCID: PMC4274989 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cell functions are carried out by interacting factors, thus underlying the functional importance of genetic interactions between genes, termed epistasis. Epistasis could be under strong selective pressures especially in conditions where the mutation rate of one of the interacting partners notably differs from the other. Accordingly, the order of magnitude higher mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation rate as compared to the nuclear DNA (nDNA) of all tested animals, should influence systems involving mitochondrial-nuclear (mito-nuclear) interactions. Such is the case of the energy producing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial translational machineries which are comprised of factors encoded by both the mtDNA and the nDNA. Additionally, the mitochondrial RNA transcription and mtDNA replication systems are operated by nDNA-encoded proteins that bind mtDNA regulatory elements. As these systems are central to cell life there is strong selection toward mito-nuclear co-evolution to maintain their function. However, it is unclear whether (A) mito-nuclear co-evolution befalls only to retain mitochondrial functions during evolution or, also, (B) serves as an adaptive tool to adjust for the evolving energetic demands as species' complexity increases. As the first step to answer these questions we discuss evidence of both negative and adaptive (positive) selection acting on the mtDNA and nDNA-encoded genes and the effect of both types of selection on mito-nuclear interacting factors. Emphasis is given to the crucial role of recurrent ancient (nodal) mutations in such selective events. We apply this point-of-view to the three available types of mito-nuclear co-evolution: protein-protein (within the OXPHOS system), protein-RNA (mainly within the mitochondrial ribosome), and protein-DNA (at the mitochondrial replication and transcription machineries).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Levin
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba, Israel
| | - Amit Blumberg
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba, Israel
| | - Gilad Barshad
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba, Israel
| | - Dan Mishmar
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba, Israel
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Mitochondrial-nuclear epistasis contributes to phenotypic variation and coadaptation in natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2014; 198:1251-65. [PMID: 25164882 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.168575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential multifunctional organelles whose metabolic functions, biogenesis, and maintenance are controlled through genetic interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. In natural populations, mitochondrial efficiencies may be impacted by epistatic interactions between naturally segregating genome variants. The extent that mitochondrial-nuclear epistasis contributes to the phenotypic variation present in nature is unknown. We have systematically replaced mitochondrial DNAs in a collection of divergent Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast isolates and quantified the effects on growth rates in a variety of environments. We found that mitochondrial-nuclear interactions significantly affected growth rates and explained a substantial proportion of the phenotypic variances under some environmental conditions. Naturally occurring mitochondrial-nuclear genome combinations were more likely to provide growth advantages, but genetic distance could not predict the effects of epistasis. Interruption of naturally occurring mitochondrial-nuclear genome combinations increased endogenous reactive oxygen species in several strains to levels that were not always proportional to growth rate differences. Our results demonstrate that interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes generate phenotypic diversity in natural populations of yeasts and that coadaptation of intergenomic interactions likely occurs quickly within the specific niches that yeast occupy. This study reveals the importance of considering allelic interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes when investigating evolutionary relationships and mapping the genetic basis underlying complex traits.
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