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Pujol A, Sanchis P, Tamayo MI, Nicolau J, Grases F, Espino A, Estremera A, Rigo E, Amengual GJ, Rodríguez M, Ribes JL, Gomila I, Simó-Servat O, Masmiquel L. Oral phytate supplementation on the progression of mild cognitive impairment, brain iron deposition and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a concept paper for a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial (the PHYND trial). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1332237. [PMID: 38872972 PMCID: PMC11169791 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1332237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has a worldwide prevalence of 10.5% in the adult population (20-79 years), and by 2045, the prevalence is expected to keep rising to one in eight adults living with diabetes. Mild cognitive impairment has a global prevalence of 19.7% in adults aged 50 years. Both conditions have shown a concerning increase in prevalence rates over the past 10 years, highlighting a growing public health challenge. Future forecasts indicate that the prevalence of dementia (no estimations done for individuals with mild cognitive impairment) is expected to nearly triple by 2050. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment, and such impairment increase the likelihood of poor glycemic/metabolic control. High phytate intake has been shown to be a protective factor against the development of cognitive impairment in observational studies. Diary phytate intake might reduce the micro- and macrovascular complications of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through different mechanisms. We describe the protocol of the first trial (the PHYND trial) that evaluate the effect of daily phytate supplementation over 56 weeks with a two-arm double-blind placebo-controlled study on the progression of mild cognitive impairment, cerebral iron deposition, and retinal involvement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our hypothesis proposes that phytate, by inhibiting advanced glycation end product formation and chelating transition metals, will improve cognitive function and attenuate the progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, we predict that phytate will reduce iron accumulation in the central nervous system, mitigate neurodegenerative changes in both the central nervous system and retina, and induce alterations in biochemical markers associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antelm Pujol
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pilar Sanchis
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Research Institute of Health Science (IUNICS) Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - María I. Tamayo
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joana Nicolau
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Félix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Research Institute of Health Science (IUNICS) Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Espino
- Neurology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Estremera
- Neuroradiology Unit, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elena Rigo
- Neuroopthalmology Unit, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Rodríguez
- Neuroradiology Unit, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José L. Ribes
- Biochemistry Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Isabel Gomila
- Biochemistry Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Olga Simó-Servat
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Masmiquel
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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2
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Impacts and Industrial Applications of Phytic Acid and Phytase. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.4.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid is an antinutritional compound that chelates P and essential divalent cations such as Fe, Ca, and Zn in cereals and major staple crops such as wheat, maize, rice, and sorghum. As a result, these cations cannot be absorbed by monogastric animals or humans: phytic acid has an inhibitory effect on nutrient uptake and its levels are negatively correlated with protein and starch digestibility. However, phytic acid can be degraded by the action of the enzyme phytase. Phytase plays important roles in the degradation of phytic acid and in increasing the nutritional quality of staple foods. Microbial phytase is a versatile enzyme that is beneficial for humans, animals, the environment, and the industry. In this review, we summarise the interaction of phytic acid with micronutrients, various approaches to enhancing the nutritional profile of staple foods by reducing the phytic acid content, and current knowledge of microbial-based phytase as a potential reducer of phytic acid.
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Wu R, Zhang S, Wang S. Development and microbial characterization of Bio-RD-PAOP for effective remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129190. [PMID: 35739720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as typical halogenated persistent organic pollutants are widely distributed in natural environments, and can be enriched and magnified in organisms via food webs. It is consequently urgent and necessary to develop techniques to completely remove these persistent organohalides. In this study, we developed a process (Bio-RD-PAOP) by integrating microbial reductive dechlorination (Bio-RD) with subsequent persulfate activation and oxidation process (PAOP) for effective remediation of PCBs. Results showed the synergistic combination of advantages of Bio-RD and PAOP in dechlorination of higher-chlorinated PCBs and of PAOP in degradation/mineralization of lower-chlorinated PCBs, respectively. For the PAOP, both experimental evidences and theoretical calculations suggested that degradation rate and efficiency decreased with the increased PCB chlorine numbers. Relative to the Bio-RD and PAOP, Bio-RD-PAOP had significantly higher PCB removal efficiencies, of which values were PCB congener-specific. For example, removal efficiency of Bio-RD-PAOP in removing PCB88 is 2.50 and 1.86 times of that of Bio-RD and PAOP, respectively. In contrast, the efficiency is 1.66 and 3.35 times of Bio-RD and PAOP, respectively, for PCB180 removal. The PAOP-derived oxidizing species (mainly sulfate free radical) significantly decreased microbial abundance, particularly of the organohalide-respiring Dehalococcoides. Notably, co-existence of other microorganisms alleviated the inhibitive effect of oxidizing species on the Dehalococcoides, possibly due to formation of microbial flocs or biofilm. This study provided a promising strategy for extensive remediation of organohalide-contaminated sites, as well as new insight into impact of PAOP-derived oxidizing species on the organohalide-respiring community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifeng Wu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shangwei Zhang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Nassar R, Nassar M, Vianna ME, Naidoo N, Alqutami F, Kaklamanos EG, Senok A, Williams D. Antimicrobial Activity of Phytic Acid: An Emerging Agent in Endodontics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:753649. [PMID: 34765567 PMCID: PMC8576384 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.753649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phytic acid (IP6) is a promising and emerging agent, and because of its unique structure and distinctive properties, it lends itself to several applications in dentistry. Recently, IP6 was proposed as a potential chelating agent in endodontics. However, there is limited knowledge regarding its antimicrobial and antibiofilm effectiveness. The aims of this study, were therefore to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of IP6 against a range of microbial species and compare these with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The contact time required for IP6 to exert its bactericidal effect on Enterococcus faecalis was also determined. Methods The inhibitory and biocidal activities of IP6, EDTA and NaOCl were assessed using a broth microdilution assay against 11 clinical and reference strains of bacteria and a reference strain of Candida albicans. The contact time required for various IP6 concentrations to eliminate planktonic cultures of E. faecalis was determined using a membrane filtration method according to BS-EN-1040:2005. IP6 bactericidal activity was also evaluated using fluorescent microscopy, and the antibiofilm activity of the test agents was also determined. Results IP6 was biocidal against all tested microorganisms. At concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%, IP6 required 5 min to exert a bactericidal effect on E. faecalis, while 5% IP6 was bactericidal after 30 s. IP6 also eradicated biofilms of the tested microorganisms. In conclusion, IP6 had notable antimicrobial effects on planktonic and biofilm cultures and exhibited rapid bactericidal effects on E. faecalis. This research highlighted, for the first time the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of IP6, which could be exploited, not only in dental applications, but also other fields where novel strategies to counter antimicrobial resistance are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Nassar
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Morgana E Vianna
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nerissa Naidoo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Alqutami
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eleftherios G Kaklamanos
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - David Williams
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Ucuncu E, Rajamani K, Wilson MSC, Medina-Cano D, Altin N, David P, Barcia G, Lefort N, Banal C, Vasilache-Dangles MT, Pitelet G, Lorino E, Rabasse N, Bieth E, Zaki MS, Topcu M, Sonmez FM, Musaev D, Stanley V, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Munnich A, Bahi-Buisson N, Fossoud C, Giuliano F, Colleaux L, Burglen L, Gleeson JG, Boddaert N, Saiardi A, Cantagrel V. MINPP1 prevents intracellular accumulation of the chelator inositol hexakisphosphate and is mutated in Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6087. [PMID: 33257696 PMCID: PMC7705663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphates are vital metabolic and secondary messengers, involved in diverse cellular functions. Therefore, tight regulation of inositol polyphosphate metabolism is essential for proper cell physiology. Here, we describe an early-onset neurodegenerative syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1 gene (MINPP1). Patients are found to have a distinct type of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia with typical basal ganglia involvement on neuroimaging. We find that patient-derived and genome edited MINPP1−/− induced stem cells exhibit an inefficient neuronal differentiation combined with an increased cell death. MINPP1 deficiency results in an intracellular imbalance of the inositol polyphosphate metabolism. This metabolic defect is characterized by an accumulation of highly phosphorylated inositols, mostly inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), detected in HEK293 cells, fibroblasts, iPSCs and differentiating neurons lacking MINPP1. In mutant cells, higher IP6 level is expected to be associated with an increased chelation of intracellular cations, such as iron or calcium, resulting in decreased levels of available ions. These data suggest the involvement of IP6-mediated chelation on Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia disease pathology and thereby highlight the critical role of MINPP1 in the regulation of human brain development and homeostasis. Tight regulation of inositol polyphosphate metabolism is essential for proper cell physiology. Here, the authors describe an early-onset neurodegenerative syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the MINPP1 gene, characterised by intracellular imbalance of inositol polyphosphate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Ucuncu
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Karthyayani Rajamani
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Miranda S C Wilson
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Daniel Medina-Cano
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nami Altin
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre David
- Transgenesis Platform, Laboratoire d'Expérimentation Animale et Transgenèse (LEAT), Imagine Institute, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lefort
- Université de Paris, iPSC Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Céline Banal
- Université de Paris, iPSC Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Gaële Pitelet
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Nice, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Elsa Lorino
- ESEAN, 44200 Nantes, Service de maladies chroniques de l'enfant, CHU Nantes, 44093, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Rabasse
- Service de pédiatrie, hôpital d'Antibes-Juan-les-Pins, 06600, Antibes-Juan-les-Pins, France
| | - Eric Bieth
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Meral Topcu
- Department of Child Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Fatma Mujgan Sonmez
- Guven Hospital, Child Neurology Department, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Child Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Damir Musaev
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Université de Paris, Genomics Platform, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Université de Paris, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Université de Paris, Translational Genetics Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Université de Paris, Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Fossoud
- Centre de Référence des Troubles des Apprentissages, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Fabienne Giuliano
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06202, Nice, France
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Trousseau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Département de radiologie pédiatrique, INSERM UMR 1163 and INSERM U1000, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
| | - Vincent Cantagrel
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Abstract
How do organisms deal with free iron? On the one hand, iron is an essential metal that plays crucial structural and functional roles in many organisms. On the other hand, free iron is extremely toxic, particularly under aerobic conditions, where iron rapidly undergoes the Fenton reaction and produces highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. Our study now demonstrates that we have discovered one of the first physiologically relevant nonproteinaceous iron chelators and Fenton inhibitors. We found that polyphosphate, a highly conserved and ubiquitous inorganic polyanion, chelates iron and, through its multivalency, prevents the interaction of iron with peroxide and therefore the formation of hydroxyl radicals. We show that polyP provides a crucial iron reservoir for metalloproteins under nonstress conditions and effectively chelates free iron during iron stress. Importantly, polyP is present in all cells and organisms and hence is likely to take on this crucial function in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Maintaining cellular iron homeostasis is critical for organismal survival. Whereas iron depletion negatively affects the many metabolic pathways that depend on the activity of iron-containing enzymes, any excess of iron can cause the rapid formation of highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Fenton chemistry. Although several cellular iron chelators have been identified, little is known about if and how organisms can prevent the Fenton reaction. By studying the effects of cisplatin, a commonly used anticancer drug and effective antimicrobial, we discovered that cisplatin elicits severe iron stress and oxidative DNA damage in bacteria. We found that both of these effects are successfully prevented by polyphosphate (polyP), an abundant polymer consisting solely of covalently linked inorganic phosphates. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that polyP provides a crucial iron reservoir under nonstress conditions and effectively complexes free iron and blocks ROS formation during iron stress. These results demonstrate that polyP, a universally conserved biomolecule, plays a hitherto unrecognized role as an iron chelator and an inhibitor of the Fenton reaction.
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Biofilms: The Microbial "Protective Clothing" in Extreme Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143423. [PMID: 31336824 PMCID: PMC6679078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are communities of aggregated microbial cells embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms are recalcitrant to extreme environments, and can protect microorganisms from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, extreme temperature, extreme pH, high salinity, high pressure, poor nutrients, antibiotics, etc., by acting as "protective clothing". In recent years, research works on biofilms have been mainly focused on biofilm-associated infections and strategies for combating microbial biofilms. In this review, we focus instead on the contemporary perspectives of biofilm formation in extreme environments, and describe the fundamental roles of biofilm in protecting microbial exposure to extreme environmental stresses and the regulatory factors involved in biofilm formation. Understanding the mechanisms of biofilm formation in extreme environments is essential for the employment of beneficial microorganisms and prevention of harmful microorganisms.
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Blanco Y, Rivas LA, González-Toril E, Ruiz-Bermejo M, Moreno-Paz M, Parro V, Palacín A, Aguilera Á, Puente-Sánchez F. Environmental parameters, and not phylogeny, determine the composition of extracellular polymeric substances in microbial mats from extreme environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:384-393. [PMID: 30199683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to establish biofilms is a key trait for microorganisms growing in extreme environments. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) present in biofilms provide not only surface attachment, but also protection against all kinds of environmental stressors, including desiccation, salinity, temperature or heavy metal pollution. The acquisition of suitable biofilm characteristics might thus be an important process mediating the adaptation of microorganisms to novel environmental conditions. In this work we have characterized the EPS of 20 phylogenetically diverse biofilms collected in situ from five contrasting extreme environments, including two geothermal areas (Copahue, Argentina; Seltun, Iceland), two cold areas (Pastoruri glacier, Peru; Byers Peninsula, Antarctica) and one extremely acidic river (Río Tinto, Spain). Biofilms were subjected to biochemical characterization, glycan profiling and immunoprofiling with an antibody microarray. Our results showed that environmental conditions strongly influence biofilm characteristics, with microorganisms from the same environment achieving similar EPS compositions regardless of the phylogeny of their main species. The concentration of some monosaccharides in the EPS could be related to environmental conditions such as temperature or heavy metal toxicity, suggesting that in some cases stress resistance can be mediated by specific sugars. Overall, our results highlight the existence of conserved EPS compositional patterns for each extreme environment, which could in turn be exploited to engineer ecological adaptations in genetically modified microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Blanco
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Rivas
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena González-Toril
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Bermejo
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Moreno-Paz
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Parro
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantxa Palacín
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Aguilera
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Puente-Sánchez
- Systems Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C/Darwin n° 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Sanchis P, Rivera R, Berga F, Fortuny R, Adrover M, Costa-Bauza A, Grases F, Masmiquel L. Phytate Decreases Formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products in Patients with Type II Diabetes: Randomized Crossover Trial. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9619. [PMID: 29941991 PMCID: PMC6018557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate; IP6) is a natural compound that is abundant in cereals, legumes, and nuts and it has the ability to chelate metal cations. The binding of IP6 to transition metals suggests that it could be used for the treatment of metal-catalyzed protein glycation, which appears to trigger diabetes-related diseases. Our in vitro studies showed that IP6 reduced the formation of Fe3+-catalyzed advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This led us to perform a randomized cross-over trial to investigate the impact of the daily consumption IP6 on protein glycation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; n = 33). Thus, we measured AGEs, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), several vascular risk factors, and urinary IP6 at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. Patients who consumed IP6 supplements for 3 months had lower levels of circulating AGEs and HbA1c than those who did not consume IP6. This is the first report to show that consumption of IP6 inhibits protein glycation in patients with T2DM. Considering that AGEs contribute to microvascular and macrovascular complications in T2DM, our data indicates that dietary supplementation with IP6 should be considered as a therapy to prevent the formation of AGEs and therefore, the development of diabetes-related diseases in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sanchis
- Endocrinology Department, Research Unit, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Rosmeri Rivera
- Endocrinology Department, Research Unit, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Francisco Berga
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Regina Fortuny
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer, 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia Costa-Bauza
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luis Masmiquel
- Endocrinology Department, Research Unit, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
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Has Inositol Played Any Role in the Origin of Life? Life (Basel) 2017; 7:life7020024. [PMID: 28587245 PMCID: PMC5492146 DOI: 10.3390/life7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus, as phosphate, plays a paramount role in biology. Since phosphate transfer reactions are an integral part of contemporary life, phosphate may have been incorporated into the initial molecules at the very beginning. To facilitate the studies into early phosphate utilization, we should look retrospectively to phosphate-rich molecules present in today’s cells. Overlooked by origin of life studies until now, inositol and the inositol phosphates, of which some species possess more phosphate groups that carbon atoms, represent ideal molecules to consider in this context. The current sophisticated association of inositol with phosphate, and the roles that some inositol phosphates play in regulating cellular phosphate homeostasis, intriguingly suggest that inositol might have played some role in the prebiotic process of phosphate exploitation. Inositol can be synthesized abiotically and, unlike glucose or ribose, is chemically stable. This stability makes inositol the ideal candidate for the earliest organophosphate molecules, as primitive inositol phosphates. I also present arguments suggesting roles for some inositol phosphates in early chemical evolution events. Finally, the possible prebiotic synthesis of inositol pyrophosphates could have generated high-energy molecules to be utilized in primitive trans-phosphorylating processes.
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Yin MX, Catimel B, Gregory M, Condron M, Kapp E, Holmes AB, Burgess AW. Synthesis of an inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) affinity probe to study the interactome from a colon cancer cell line. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:309-18. [PMID: 26840369 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6 or IP6) is an important signalling molecule in vesicular trafficking, neurotransmission, immune responses, regulation of protein kinases and phosphatases, activation of ion channels, antioxidant functions and anticancer activities. An IP6 probe was synthesised from myo-inositol via a derivatised analogue, which was immobilised through a terminal amino group onto Dynabeads. Systematic analysis of the IP6 interactome has been performed using the IP6 affinity probe using cytosolic extracts from the LIM1215 colonic carcinoma cell line. LC/MS/MS analysis identified 77 proteins or protein complexes that bind to IP6 specifically, including AP-2 complex proteins and β-arrestins as well as a number of novel potential IP6 interacting proteins. Bioinformatic enrichment analysis of the IP6 interactome reinforced the concept that IP6 regulates a number of biological processes including cell cycle and division, signal transduction, intracellular protein transport, vesicle-mediated transport and RNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xin Yin
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bruno Catimel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Mark Gregory
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie Condron
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Eugene Kapp
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew B Holmes
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia and Department of Surgery, RMH, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Córdoba A, Hierro-Oliva M, Pacha-Olivenza MÁ, Fernández-Calderón MC, Perelló J, Isern B, González-Martín ML, Monjo M, Ramis JM. Direct Covalent Grafting of Phytate to Titanium Surfaces through Ti-O-P Bonding Shows Bone Stimulating Surface Properties and Decreased Bacterial Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11326-11335. [PMID: 27088315 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Myo-inositol hexaphosphate, also called phytic acid or phytate (IP6), is a natural molecule abundant in vegetable seeds and legumes. Among other functions, IP6 inhibits bone resorption. It is adsorbed on the surface of hydroxyapatite, inhibiting its dissolution and decreasing the progressive loss of bone mass. We present here a method to directly functionalize Ti surfaces covalently with IP6, without using a cross-linker molecule, through the reaction of the phosphate groups of IP6 with the TiO2 layer of Ti substrates. The grafting reaction consisted of an immersion in an IP6 solution to allow the physisorption of the molecules onto the substrate, followed by a heating step to obtain its chemisorption, in an adaptation of the T-Bag method. The reaction was highly dependent on the IP6 solution pH, only achieving a covalent Ti-O-P bond at pH 0. We evaluated two acidic pretreatments of the Ti surface, to increase its hydroxylic content, HNO3 30% and HF 0.2%. The structure of the coated surfaces was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and ellipsometry. The stability of the IP6 coating after three months of storage and after sterilization with γ-irradiation was also determined. Then, we evaluated the biological effect of Ti-IP6 surfaces in vitro on MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells, showing an osteogenic effect. Finally, the effect of the surfaces on the adhesion and biofilm viability of oral microorganisms S. mutans and S. sanguinis was also studied, and we found that Ti-IP6 surfaces decreased the adhesion of S. sanguinis. A surface that actively improves osseointegration while decreasing the bacterial adhesion could be suitable for use in bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Córdoba
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands , Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma , 07010 Palma, España
| | - Margarita Hierro-Oliva
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pacha-Olivenza
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Madrid, Spain
| | - María Coronada Fernández-Calderón
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Perelló
- Laboratoris Sanifit , ParcBIT, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bernat Isern
- Laboratoris Sanifit , ParcBIT, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - María Luisa González-Martín
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Monjo
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands , Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma , 07010 Palma, España
| | - Joana M Ramis
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands , Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma , 07010 Palma, España
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Sun KH, Liu Z, Liu C, Yu T, Shang T, Huang C, Zhou M, Liu C, Ran F, Li Y, Shi Y, Pan L. Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of a myo-inositol hexakisphosphate gelated polyaniline hydrogel in a rat model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23931. [PMID: 27073144 PMCID: PMC4829851 DOI: 10.1038/srep23931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the interaction between electricity and cells/biomolecules have generated great interest in developing biocompatible electrically conductive materials. In this study, we investigated the biocompatibility of a myo-inositol hexakisphosphate gelated polyaniline hydrogel using in vitro and in vivo experiments in a rat model. The polyaniline hydrogel was used to coat a polycaprolactone scaffold and was cultured with rat endothelial progenitor cells differentiated from rat adipose-derived stem cells. Compared with the control sample on a pristine polycaprolactone scaffold, the treated polyaniline hydrogel had the same non-poisonous/cytotoxicity grade, enhanced cell adhesion, and a higher cell proliferation/growth rate. In implant studies, the polyaniline hydrogel sample induced milder inflammatory responses than did the control at the same time points. Combining the advantages of a biocompatible hydrogel and an organic conductor, the inositol phosphate-gelated polyaniline hydrogel could be used in bioelectronics applications such as biosensors, neural probes, cell stimulators, medical electrodes, tissue engineering, and electro-controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hsiao Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjian Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Ran
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Identification of a major IP5 kinase in Cryptococcus neoformans confirms that PP-IP5/IP7, not IP6, is essential for virulence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23927. [PMID: 27033523 PMCID: PMC4817067 DOI: 10.1038/srep23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal inositol polyphosphate (IP) kinases catalyse phosphorylation of IP3 to inositol pyrophosphate, PP-IP5/IP7, which is essential for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcal Kcs1 converts IP6 to PP-IP5/IP7, but the kinase converting IP5 to IP6 is unknown. Deletion of a putative IP5 kinase-encoding gene (IPK1) alone (ipk1Δ), and in combination with KCS1 (ipk1Δkcs1Δ), profoundly reduced virulence in mice. However, deletion of KCS1 and IPK1 had a greater impact on virulence attenuation than that of IPK1 alone. ipk1Δkcs1Δ and kcs1Δ lung burdens were also lower than those of ipk1Δ. Unlike ipk1Δ, ipk1Δkcs1Δ and kcs1Δ failed to disseminate to the brain. IP profiling confirmed Ipk1 as the major IP5 kinase in C. neoformans: ipk1Δ produced no IP6 or PP-IP5/IP7 and, in contrast to ipk1Δkcs1Δ, accumulated IP5 and its pyrophosphorylated PP-IP4 derivative. Kcs1 is therefore a dual specificity (IP5 and IP6) kinase producing PP-IP4 and PP-IP5/IP7. All mutants were similarly attenuated in virulence phenotypes including laccase, urease and growth under oxidative/nitrosative stress. Alternative carbon source utilisation was also reduced significantly in all mutants except ipk1Δ, suggesting that PP-IP4 partially compensates for absent PP-IP5/IP7 in ipk1Δ grown under this condition. In conclusion, PP-IP5/IP7, not IP6, is essential for fungal virulence.
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Zeller E, Schollenberger M, Witzig M, Shastak Y, Kühn I, Hoelzle LE, Rodehutscord M. Interactions between supplemented mineral phosphorus and phytase on phytate hydrolysis and inositol phosphates in the small intestine of broilers
,. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1018-29. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kim JN, Han SN, Kim HK. Phytic acid and myo-inositol support adipocyte differentiation and improve insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr Res 2014; 34:723-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Malignant H1299 tumour cells preferentially internalize iron-bound inositol hexakisphosphate. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:BSR20130079. [PMID: 24050387 PMCID: PMC3804887 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20130079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In colon enterocytes and in well-differentiated colon cancer CaCo-2 cells, InsP6 (inositol hexakisphosphate) inhibits iron uptake by forming extracellular insoluble iron/InsP6 complexes. In this study, we confirmed that CaCo-2 cells are not able to take up iron/InsP6 but, interestingly, found that the cells are able to internalize metal-free and Cr3+-bound InsP6. Thus, the inability of CaCo-2 cells to take up iron/InsP6 complexes seems to be due to the iron-bound state of InsP6. Since recently we demonstrated that the highly malignant bronchial carcinoma H1299 cells internalize and process InsP6, we examined whether these cells may be able to take up iron/InsP6 complexes. Indeed, we found that InsP6 dose-dependently increased uptake of iron and demonstrated that in the iron-bound state InsP6 is more effectively internalized than in the metal-free or Cr3+-bound state, indicating that H1299 cells preferentially take up iron/InsP6 complexes. Electron microscope and cell fraction assays indicate that after uptake H1299 cells mainly stored InsP6/iron in lysosomes as large aggregates, of which about 10% have been released to the cytosol. However, this InsP6-mediated iron transport had no significant effects on cell viability. This result together with our finding that the well-differentiated CaCo-2 cells did not, but the malignant H1299 cells preferentially took up iron/InsP6, may offer the possibility to selectively transport cytotoxic substances into tumour cells.
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Tumour cells can employ extracellular Ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)P6 and multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1 (MINPP1) dephosphorylation to improve their proliferation. Biochem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
InsP6 [Ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)P6; phytate] is the most abundant inositol phosphate in mammalian cells with cytosolic/nuclear concentrations of up to 50 μM. We noticed that InsP6 in culture medium at a concentration of ≤50 μM significantly stimulates H1299 tumour cell growth, whereas larger concentrations of InsP6 inhibit growth. A detailed study of the fate of 30 μM InsP6 added to H199 cells revealed a major fraction of InsP6 initially precipitates as cell-surface metal complexes, but becomes slowly re-solubilized by extracellular dephosphorylation first to InsP3 isomers and subsequently to free myo-inositol. The precipitated metal–InsP6 complex is endocytosed in a receptor-independent but intact-glycocalyx-dependent manner and appears in lysosomes, where it is immediately dephosphorylated to Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 and very slowly to free inositol. By RNA knockdown, we identified secreted and lysosome targeted MINPP1 (multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1), the mammalian 3-phytase, to be essentially involved both in extracellular and in lysosomal InsP6 dephosphorylation. The results of the present study indicate that tumour cells employ this enzyme to utilize the micronutrients myo-inositol and metal-phosphate when encountering extracellular InsP6 and thus to enhance their growth potential.
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Arriero MDM, Ramis JM, Perelló J, Monjo M. Inositol hexakisphosphate inhibits osteoclastogenesis on RAW 264.7 cells and human primary osteoclasts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43187. [PMID: 22905230 PMCID: PMC3419183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inoxitol hexakisphosphate (IP6) has been found to have an important role in biomineralization and a direct effect inhibiting mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro without impairing extracellular matrix production and expression of alkaline phosphatase. IP6 has been proposed to exhibit similar effects to those of bisphosphonates on bone resorption, however, its direct effect on osteoclasts (OCL) is presently unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of IP6 on the RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage mouse cell line and on human primary osteoclasts. On one hand, we show that IP6 decreases the osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells induced by RANKL, without affecting cell proliferation or cell viability. The number of TRAP positive cells and mRNA levels of osteoclast markers such as TRAP, calcitonin receptor, cathepsin K and MMP-9 was decreased by IP6 on RANKL-treated cells. On the contrary, when giving IP6 to mature osteoclasts after RANKL treatment, a significant increase of bone resorption activity and TRAP mRNA levels was found. On the other hand, we show that 1 µM of IP6 inhibits osteoclastogenesis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) and their resorption activity both, when given to undifferentiated and to mature osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate that IP6 inhibits osteoclastogenesis on human PBMNC and on the RAW264.7 cell line. Thus, IP6 may represent a novel type of selective inhibitor of osteoclasts and prove useful for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Arriero
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joana M. Ramis
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Perelló
- Laboratoris Sanifit, ParcBIT, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marta Monjo
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- * E-mail:
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López-González AA, Grases F, Monroy N, Marí B, Vicente-Herrero MT, Tur F, Perelló J. Protective effect of myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate) on bone mass loss in postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:717-26. [PMID: 22614760 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between urinary concentrations of InsP6, bone mass loss and risk fracture in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 157 postmenopausal women were included in the study: 70 had low (≤0.76 μM), 42 intermediate (0.76-1.42 μM) and 45 high (≥1.42 μM) urinary phytate concentrations. Densitometry values for neck were measured at enrollment and after 12 months (lumbar spine and femoral neck), and 10-year risk fracture was calculated using the tool FRAX(®). RESULTS Individuals with low InsP6 levels had significantly greater bone mass loss in the lumbar spine (3.08 ± 0.65 % vs. 0.43 ± 0.55 %) than did those with high phytate levels. Moreover, a significantly greater percentage of women with low than with high InsP6 levels showed more than 2 % of bone mass loss in the lumbar spine (55.6 vs. 20.7 %). The 10-year fracture probability was also significantly higher in the low-phytate group compared to the high-phytate group, both in hip (0.37 ± 0.06 % vs 0.18 ± 0.04 %) and major osteoporotic fracture (2.45 ± 0.24 % vs 1.83 ± 0.11 %). DISCUSSION It can be concluded that high urinary phytate concentrations are correlated with reduced bone mass loss in lumbar spine over 12 months and with reduced 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporotic fracture, indicating that increased phytate consumption can prevent development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel A López-González
- Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales de GESMA (Gestión Sanitaria de Mallorca), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Redox and structural aspects on iron inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate interaction: An experimental and computational approach. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Berry GT. Is prenatal myo-inositol deficiency a mechanism of CNS injury in galactosemia? J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:345-55. [PMID: 21246399 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Classic Galactosemia due to galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) deficiency is associated with apparent diet-independent complications including cognitive impairment, learning problems and speech defects. As both galactose-1-phosphate and galactitol may be elevated in cord blood erythrocytes and amniotic fluid despite a maternal lactose-free diet, endogenous production of galactose may be responsible for the elevated fetal galactose metabolites, as well as postnatal CNS complications. A prenatal deficiency of myo-inositol due to an accumulation of both galactose-1- phosphate and galactitol may play a role in the production of the postnatal CNS dysfunction. Two independent mechanisms may result in fetal myo-inositol deficiency: competitive inhibition of the inositol monophosphatase1 (IMPA1)-mediated hydrolysis of inositol monophosphate by high galactose-1- phosphate levels leading to a sequestration of cellular myo-inositol as inositol monophosphate and galactitol-induced reduction in SMIT1-mediated myo-inositol transport. The subsequent reduction of myo-inositol within fetal brain cells could lead to inositide deficiencies with resultant perturbations in calcium and protein kinase C signaling, the AKT/mTOR/ cell growth and development pathway, cell migration, insulin sensitivity, vescular trafficking, endocytosis and exocytosis, actin cytoskeletal remodeling, nuclear metabolism, mRNA export and nuclear pore complex regulation, phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, protein phosphorylation and/or endogenous iron "chelation". Using a knockout animal model we have shown that a marked deficiency of myo-inositol in utero is lethal but the phenotype can be rescued by supplementing the drinking water of the pregnant mouse. If myo-inositol deficiency is found to exist in the GALT-deficient fetal brain, then the use of myo-inositol to treat the fetus via oral supplementation of the pregnant female may warrant consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard T Berry
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Center for Life Sciences Building, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Williams KA, Kolappaswamy K, DeTolla LJ, Vucenik I. Protective effect of inositol hexaphosphate against UVB damage in HaCaT cells and skin carcinogenesis in SKH1 hairless mice. Comp Med 2011; 61:39-44. [PMID: 21819680 PMCID: PMC3060432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UVB radiation damages keratinocytes, potentially inducing chronic skin damage, cutaneous malignancy, and suppression of the immune system. Naturally occurring agents have been considered for prevention and treatment of various kinds of cancer, including skin cancer. Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), an antioxidant, is a naturally occurring polyphosphorylated carbohydrate that has shown a strong anticancer activity in several experimental models. We assessed the protective effects of IP6 against UVB irradiationinduced injury and photocarcinogenesis by using HaCaT cells (human immortalized keratinocytes) and SKH1 hairless mice. We found that IP6 counteracts the harmful effects of UVB irradiation and increases the viability and survival of UVB-exposed cells. Treatment with IP6 after UVB irradiation (30 mJ/cm(2)) arrested cells in the G(1) and G(2) M phases while decreasing the S phase of the cell cycle. Treatment with IP6 also decreased UVB-induced apoptosis and caspase 3 activation. Topical application of IP6 followed by exposure to UVB irradiation in SKH1 hairless mice decreased tumor incidence and multiplicity as compared with control mice. Our results suggest that IP6 protects HaCaT cells from UVB-induced apoptosis and mice from UVB-induced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra A Williams
- Departments of Medical and Research Technology University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Krishnan Kolappaswamy
- Departments of Pathology University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Program of Comparative Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Departments of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Louis J DeTolla
- Departments of Pathology University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Program of Comparative Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Departments of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases), University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ivana Vucenik
- Departments of Medical and Research Technology University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Departments of Pathology University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Odani A, Jastrzab R, Lomozik L. Equilibrium study on the interaction of phytic acid with polyamines and metal ions. Metallomics 2011; 3:735-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mansell D, Veiga N, Torres J, Etchells LL, Bryce RA, Kremer C, Freeman S. Conformational study of the natural iron chelator myo-inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate using restrained/flexible analogues and computational analysis. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kell DB. Towards a unifying, systems biology understanding of large-scale cellular death and destruction caused by poorly liganded iron: Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, prions, bactericides, chemical toxicology and others as examples. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:825-89. [PMID: 20967426 PMCID: PMC2988997 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of toxins and/or infectious agents leads to disease, degeneration and death, often characterised by circumstances in which cells or tissues do not merely die and cease to function but may be more or less entirely obliterated. It is then legitimate to ask the question as to whether, despite the many kinds of agent involved, there may be at least some unifying mechanisms of such cell death and destruction. I summarise the evidence that in a great many cases, one underlying mechanism, providing major stresses of this type, entails continuing and autocatalytic production (based on positive feedback mechanisms) of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton chemistry involving poorly liganded iron, leading to cell death via apoptosis (probably including via pathways induced by changes in the NF-κB system). While every pathway is in some sense connected to every other one, I highlight the literature evidence suggesting that the degenerative effects of many diseases and toxicological insults converge on iron dysregulation. This highlights specifically the role of iron metabolism, and the detailed speciation of iron, in chemical and other toxicology, and has significant implications for the use of iron chelating substances (probably in partnership with appropriate anti-oxidants) as nutritional or therapeutic agents in inhibiting both the progression of these mainly degenerative diseases and the sequelae of both chronic and acute toxin exposure. The complexity of biochemical networks, especially those involving autocatalytic behaviour and positive feedbacks, means that multiple interventions (e.g. of iron chelators plus antioxidants) are likely to prove most effective. A variety of systems biology approaches, that I summarise, can predict both the mechanisms involved in these cell death pathways and the optimal sites of action for nutritional or pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and the Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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Iemma F, Cirillo G, Puoci F, Trombino S, Castiglione M, Picci N. Iron (III) chelation and antioxidant properties of myo-inositol phosphorylated polymeric microspheres. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:597-601. [PMID: 17430645 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.4.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
New chelating and antioxidant polymeric microspheres were synthesized through precipitation polymerization of 4-O-(4-vinylbenzyl)-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and subsequent exhaustive phosphorylation of the myo-inositol groups with phosphoric acid. Three different microspheres using different molar ratios of the two co-monomers were prepared. The antioxidant properties of these polymers were evaluated in rat liver microsomal membranes. This study showed that the macromolecular systems are very effective at inhibiting iron-dependent lipid peroxidation of the membranes. This antioxidant effect is due to the chelating properties of polyphosphorylated inositol residues in the polymeric devices toward ferric ions. The amount of polyphosphorylated inositol in the microspheres was found to play a crucial role in determining the chelating efficiency of the polymers: the polymer with the greatest amount of polyphosphorylated inositol was the most powerful antioxidant polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iemma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Mansell D, Rattray N, Etchells LL, Schwalbe CH, Blake AJ, Torres J, Kremer C, Bichenkova EV, Barker CJ, Freeman S. Conformational analysis of the natural iron chelator myo-inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate using a pyrene-based fluorescent mimic. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2850-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c001078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pietrangelo T, Mancinelli R, Toniolo L, Montanari G, Vecchiet J, Fanò G, Fulle S. Transcription profile analysis of vastus lateralis muscle from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:795-807. [PMID: 19822097 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disabling condition characterized by unexplained chronic fatigue that impairs normal activities. Many body systems are affected and etiology has not yet been identified. In addition to immunological and psychological aspects, skeletal muscle symptoms are prominent in CFS patients. In an effort to establish which pathways might be involved in the onset and development of muscle symptoms, we used global transcriptome analysis to identify genes that were differentially expressed in the vastus lateralis muscle of female and male CFS patients. We found that the expression of genes that play key roles in mitochondrial function and oxidative balance, including superoxide dismutase 2, were altered, as were genes involved in energy production, muscular trophism and fiber phenotype determination. Importantly, the expression of a gene encoding a component of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding site was reduced, suggesting impaired neuromuscular transmission. We argue that these major biological processes could be involved in and/or responsible for the muscle symptoms of CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pietrangelo
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences (BAMS), Center for Excellence on Aging (CeSI), University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Schlemmer U, Frølich W, Prieto RM, Grases F. Phytate in foods and significance for humans: Food sources, intake, processing, bioavailability, protective role and analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53 Suppl 2:S330-75. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The behaviour of inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate in the presence of the major biological metal cations. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 14:1001-13. [PMID: 19415348 PMCID: PMC2745655 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The inositol phosphates are ubiquitous metabolites in eukaryotes, of which the most abundant are inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP 6) and inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5)]. These two compounds, poorly understood functionally, have complicated complexation and solid formation behaviours with multivalent cations. For InsP 6, we have previously described this chemistry and its biological implications (Veiga et al. in J Inorg Biochem 100:1800, 2006; Torres et al. in J Inorg Biochem 99:828, 2005). We now cover similar ground for Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5, describing its interactions in solution with Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+, and its solid-formation equilibria with Ca2+ and Mg2+. Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 forms soluble complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry with all multivalent cations studied. The affinity for Fe3+ is similar to that of InsP6 and inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate, indicating that the 1,2,3-trisphosphate motif, which Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 lacks, is not absolutely necessary for high-affinity Fe3+ complexation by inositol phosphates, even if it is necessary for their prevention of the Fenton reaction. With excess Ca2+ and Mg2+, Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 also forms the polymetallic complexes [M4(H2L)] [where L is fully deprotonated Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5]. However, unlike InsP6, Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 is predicted not to be fully associated with Mg2+ under simulated cytosolic/nuclear conditions. The neutral Mg2+ and Ca2+ complexes have significant windows of solubility, but they precipitate as [Mg4(H2L)] x 23H2O or [Ca4(H2L)] x 16H2O whenever they exceed 135 and 56 microM in concentration, respectively. Nonetheless, the low stability of the [M4(H2L)] complexes means that the 1:1 species contribute to the overall solubility of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P 5 even under significant Mg2+ or Ca2+ excesses. We summarize the solubility behaviour of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 in straightforward plots.
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Abstract
A highly specific and sensitive mass assay for inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) was characterized. This centres around phosphorylating InsP6 with [32P]ATP using a recombinant InsP6 kinase from Giardia lambia, followed by HPLC of the 32P-labelled products with an internal [3H]InsP7 standard. This assay was used to quantify InsP6 levels in a variety of biological samples. Concentrations of InsP6 in rat tissues varied from 10–20 μM (assuming 64% of wet weight of tissue is cytosol water), whereas using the same assumption axenic Dictyostelium discoideum cells contained 352±11 μM InsP6. HeLa cells were seeded at low density and grown to confluence, at which point they contained InsP6 levels per mg of protein similar to rat tissues. This amounted to 1.952±0.117 nmol InsP6 per culture dish, despite the cells being grown in serum shown to contain no detectable (less than 20 pmol per dish) InsP6. These results demonstrate that mammalian cells synthesize all their own InsP6. Human blood was analysed, and although the white cell fraction contained InsP6 at a concentration comparable with other tissues, in serum and platelet-free plasma no InsP6 was detected (<1 nM InsP6). Human urine was also examined, and also contained no detectable (<5 nM) InsP6. These results suggest that dietary studies purporting to measure InsP6 at micromolar concentrations in human plasma or urine may not have been quantifying this inositol phosphate. Therefore claims that administrating InsP6 in the diet or applying it topically can produce health benefits by increasing extracellular InsP6 levels may require reassessment.
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Murphy AM, Otto B, Brearley CA, Carr JP, Hanke DE. A role for inositol hexakisphosphate in the maintenance of basal resistance to plant pathogens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 56:638-52. [PMID: 18643983 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, InsP6) is an important phosphate store and signal molecule in plants. However, low-phytate plants are being developed to minimize the negative health effects of dietary InsP6 and pollution caused by undigested InsP6 in animal waste. InsP6 levels were diminished in transgenic potato plants constitutively expressing an antisense gene sequence for myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase (IPS, catalysing the first step in InsP6 biosynthesis) or Escherichia coli polyphosphate kinase. These plants were less resistant to the avirulent pathogen potato virus Y and the virulent pathogen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). In Arabidopsis thaliana, mutation of the gene for the enzyme catalysing the final step of InsP6 biosynthesis (InsP5 2-kinase) also diminished InsP6 levels and enhanced susceptibility to TMV and to virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Arabidopsis thaliana has three IPS genes (AtIPS1-3). Mutant atips2 plants were depleted in InsP6 and were hypersusceptible to TMV, turnip mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus and cauliflower mosaic virus as well as to the fungus Botrytis cinerea and to P. syringae. Mutant atips2 and atipk1 plants were as hypersusceptible to infection as plants unable to accumulate salicylic acid (SA) but their increased susceptibility was not due to reduced levels of SA. In contrast, mutant atips1 plants, which were also depleted in InsP6, were not compromised in resistance to pathogens, suggesting that a specific pool of InsP6 regulates defence against phytopathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Arabidopsis/microbiology
- Arabidopsis/virology
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism
- Botrytis/pathogenicity
- Caulimovirus/pathogenicity
- Cucumovirus/pathogenicity
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Disease Susceptibility/microbiology
- Disease Susceptibility/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Mutation
- Myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate Synthase/genetics
- Myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate Synthase/metabolism
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/genetics
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism
- Phytic Acid/biosynthesis
- Plant Diseases/genetics
- Plant Diseases/microbiology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/microbiology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/virology
- Potyvirus/pathogenicity
- Pseudomonas syringae/pathogenicity
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- Salicylic Acid/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Solanum tuberosum/genetics
- Solanum tuberosum/metabolism
- Solanum tuberosum/virology
- Tobacco Mosaic Virus/pathogenicity
- Tymovirus/pathogenicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Murphy
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
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37
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Veiga N, Torres J, Mansell D, Freeman S, Domínguez S, Barker CJ, Díaz A, Kremer C. "Chelatable iron pool": inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate fulfils the conditions required to be a safe cellular iron ligand. J Biol Inorg Chem 2008; 14:51-9. [PMID: 18762996 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-008-0423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells contain a pool of iron that is not strongly bound to proteins, which can be detected with fluorescent chelating probes. The cellular ligands of this biologically important "chelatable", "labile" or "transit" iron are not known. Proposed ligands are problematic, because they are saturated by magnesium under cellular conditions and/or because they are not "safe", i.e. they allow iron to catalyse hydroxyl radical formation. Among small cellular molecules, certain inositol phosphates (InsPs) excel at complexing Fe(3+) in such a "safe" manner in vitro. However, we previously calculated that the most abundant InsP, inositol hexakisphosphate, cannot interact with Fe(3+) in the presence of cellular concentrations of Mg(2+). In this work, we study the metal complexation behaviour of inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate [Ins(1,2,3)P(3)], a cellular constituent of unknown function and the simplest InsP to display high-affinity, "safe", iron complexation. We report thermodynamic constants for the interaction of Ins(1,2,3)P(3) with Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(2+) and Fe(3+). Our calculations indicate that Ins(1,2,3)P(3) can be expected to complex all available Fe(3+) in a quantitative, 1:1 reaction, both in cytosol/nucleus and in acidic compartments, in which an important labile iron subpool is thought to exist. In addition, we calculate that the fluorescent iron probe calcein would strip Fe(3+) from Ins(1,2,3)P(3) under cellular conditions, and hence labile iron detected using this probe may include iron bound to Ins(1,2,3)P(3). Therefore Ins(1,2,3)P(3) is the first viable proposal for a transit iron ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Veiga
- Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, CC 1157, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Bohn L, Meyer AS, Rasmussen SK. Phytate: impact on environment and human nutrition. A challenge for molecular breeding. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2008; 9:165-91. [PMID: 18357620 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0710640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is the primary storage compound of phosphorus in seeds accounting for up to 80% of the total seed phosphorus and contributing as much as 1.5% to the seed dry weight. The negatively charged phosphate in PA strongly binds to metallic cations of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Zn making them insoluble and thus unavailable as nutritional factors. Phytate mainly accumulates in protein storage vacuoles as globoids, predominantly located in the aleurone layer (wheat, barley and rice) or in the embryo (maize). During germination, phytate is hydrolysed by endogenous phytase(s) and other phosphatases to release phosphate, inositol and micronutrients to support the emerging seedling. PA and its derivatives are also implicated in RNA export, DNA repair, signalling, endocytosis and cell vesicular trafficking. Our recent studies on purification of phytate globoids, their mineral composition and dephytinization by wheat phytase will be discussed. Biochemical data for purified and characterized phytases isolated from more than 23 plant species are presented, the dephosphorylation pathways of phytic acid by different classes of phytases are compared, and the application of phytase in food and feed is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Bohn
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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40
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Puhl AA, Greiner R, Selinger LB. A protein tyrosine phosphatase-like inositol polyphosphatase from Selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica has specificity for the 5-phosphate of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:2053-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Greiner R, Farouk AE, Carlsson NG, Konietzny U. myo-Inositol Phosphate Isomers Generated by the Action of a Phytase from a Malaysian Waste-water Bacterium. Protein J 2007; 26:577-84. [PMID: 17805950 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-007-9100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using a combination of High-Performance Ion Chromatography analysis and kinetic studies, the pathway of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate dephosphorylation by a phytase from a Malaysian waste-water bacterium was established. The data demonstrate that the phytase preferably dephosphorylates myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in a stereospecific way by sequential removal of phosphate groups via D-I(1,2,3,4,5)P(5), D-I(2,3,4,5)P(4), D-I(2,3,4)P(3), D-I(2,3)P(2) to finally I(2)P. It was estimated that more than 90% of phytate hydrolysis occurs via D-I(1,2,3,4,5)P(5). Thus, the phytase from the Malaysian waste-water bacterium has to be considered a 6-phytase (E.C. 3.1.3.26). A second pathway of minor importance could be proposed which is in accordance with the results obtained from analysis of the dephosphorylation products formed by the action of the phytase under investigation on myo-inositol hexakisphosphate. It proceeds via D/L-I(1,2,4,5,6)P(5), D/L-I(1,2,4,5)P(4), D/L-I(1,2,4)P(3), D/L-I(2,4)P(2) to finally I(2)P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Greiner
- Division of Bioprocess Engineering & Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, Federal University of Paraná, Caixa Postal 19011, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ju Oh
- a Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Molecular Systems , POSTECH , San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Han
- b Department of Chemistry , Chung-ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- a Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Molecular Systems , POSTECH , San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Mehta BD, Jog SP, Johnson SC, Murthy PPN. Lily pollen alkaline phytase is a histidine phosphatase similar to mammalian multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (MINPP). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:1874-86. [PMID: 16860350 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid is the most abundant inositol phosphate in cells; it constitutes 1-5% of the dry weight of cereal grains and legumes. Phytases are the primary enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of phytic acid and thus play important roles in inositol phosphate metabolism. A novel alkaline phytase in lily pollen (LlALP) was recently purified in our laboratory. In this paper, we describe the cloning and characterization of LlALP cDNA from lily pollen. Two isoforms of alkaline phytase cDNAs, LlAlp1 and LlAlp2, which are 1467 and 1533 bp long and encode proteins of 487 and 511 amino acids, respectively, were identified. The deduced amino acid sequences contains the signature heptapeptide of histidine phosphatases, -RHGXRXP-, but shares < 25% identity to fungal histidine acid phytases. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that LlALP is most closely related to multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (MINPP) from humans (25%) and rats (23%). mRNA corresponding to LlAlp1 and LlAlp2 were expressed in leaves, stem, petals and pollen grains. The expression profiles of LlAlp isoforms in anthers indicated that mRNA corresponding to both isoforms were present at all stages of flower development. The expression of LlAlp2 cDNA in Escherichia coli revealed the accumulation of the active enzyme in inclusion bodies and confirmed that the cDNA encodes an alkaline phytase. In summary, plant alkaline phytase is a member of the histidine phosphatase family that includes MINPP and exhibits properties distinct from bacterial and fungal phytases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakul Dhagat Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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44
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Greiner R, Carlsson NG. myo-Inositol phosphate isomers generated by the action of a phytate-degrading enzyme from Klebsiella terrigena on phytate. Can J Microbiol 2006; 52:759-68. [PMID: 16917535 DOI: 10.1139/w06-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the first time a dual pathway for dephosphorylation of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate by a histidine acid phytase was established. The phytate-degrading enzyme of Klebsiella terrigena degrades myo-inositol hexakisphosphate by stepwise dephosphorylation, preferably via D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5, D-Ins(1,2,5,6)P4, D-Ins(1,2,6)P3, D-Ins(1,2)P2 and alternatively via D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5, Ins(2,4,5,6)P4, D-Ins(2,4,5)P3, D-Ins(2,4)P2 to finally Ins(2)P. It was estimated that more than 98% of phytate hydrolysis occurs via D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5. Therefore, the phytate-degrading enzyme from K. terrigena has to be considered a 3-phytase (EC 3.1.3.8). A second dual pathway of minor importance could be proposed that is in accordance with the results obtained by analysis of the dephosphorylation products formed by the action of the phytate-degrading enzyme of K. terrigena on myo-inositol hexakisphosphate. It proceeds preferably via D-Ins(1,2,3,5,6)P5, D-Ins(1,2,3,6)P4, Ins(1,2,3)P3, D-Ins(2,3)P2 and alternatively via D-Ins(1,2,3,5,6)P5, D-Ins(2,3,5,6)P4, D-Ins(2,3,5)P3, D-Ins(2,3)P2 to finally Ins(2)P. D-Ins(2,3,5,6)P4, D-Ins(2,3,5)P3, and D-Ins(2,4)P2 were reported for the first time as intermediates of enzymatic phytate dephosphorylation. A role of the phytate-degrading enzyme from K. terrigena in phytate breakdown could not be ruled out. Because of its cytoplasmatic localization and the suggestions for substrate recognition, D-Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 might be the natural substrate of this enzyme and, therefore, may play a role in microbial pathogenesis or cellular myo-inositol phosphate metabolism.Key words: myo-inositol phosphate isomers, phytate-degrading enzyme, phytate, phytase, Klebsiella terrigena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Greiner
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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45
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Sala M, Kolar J, Strlic M, Kocevar M. Synthesis of myo-inositol 1,2,3-tris- and 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(dihydrogen phosphate)s as a tool for the inhibition of iron-gall-ink corrosion. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:897-902. [PMID: 16530742 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Revised: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two myo-inositol phosphates, myo-inositol 1,2,3-tris(dihydrogen phosphate) and myo-inositol 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(dihydrogen phosphate), have been synthesised in several steps from myo-inositol (in Chem. Abstr.: d-myo-inositol) in the form of their sodium salts. They were shown to prevent iron-gall-ink decay in cellulose items at the same level as phytic acid dodecasodium salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sala
- National and University Library, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Woo JH, Kim JH, Inhee MJ, Kim HS. Lipid products of phosphoinositide 3-kinase abrogate genistein-induced fusion inhibition in myoblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 529:84-94. [PMID: 16360147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Although the agent has shown to inhibit myoblast differentiation, neither intracellular target(s) as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor nor action mechanism of the agent is well known. Here we studied the effect of genistein on the differentiation of myoblasts. Genistein strongly but reversibly blocked both myoblast fusion and synthesis of the muscle-specific proteins. The agent also reversibly reduced the phosphorylation level of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, and its interaction with p85, the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase). In addition, genistein indirectly inhibited PI3-kinase activity and blocked calcium influx which is required for myoblast fusion. However, both genistein-induced inhibition of cell fusion and calcium influx were abrogated by the lipid products of PI3-kinase. These results demonstrate that genistein can exert their effect on the signaling pathway from FAK to calcium influx via PI3-kinase in the differentiation of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hong Woo
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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Shi Y, Azab AN, Thompson MN, Greenberg ML. Inositol phosphates and phosphoinositides in health and disease. Subcell Biochem 2006; 39:265-92. [PMID: 17121279 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-27600-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, considerable progress has been made toward understanding inositol phosphates and PI metabolism. However, there is still much to learn. The present challenge is to understand how inositol phosphates and PIs are compartmentalized, identify new targets of inositol phosphates and PIs, and elucidate the mechanisms underlying spatial and temporal regulation of the enzymes that metabolize inositol phosphates and PIs. Answers to these questions will help clarify the mechanisms of the diseases associated with these molecules and identify new possibilities for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Iemma F, Trombino S, Puoci F, Cirillo G, Spizzirri UG, Muzzalupo R, Picci N. Synthesis and Antioxidant Efficiency of a New Copolymer Containing Phosphorylated Myo-Inositol. Macromol Biosci 2005; 5:1049-56. [PMID: 16245270 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200500136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
New data are constantly gathered to show the role of oxidative stress and the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases. InsP6 is able to coordinate iron metal in order to prevent iron-catalyzed free radical formation. The aim of the present paper is to describe a new synthetic strategy in order to prepare a polymeric structure containing chemical functions able to coordinate iron ions. Here, we report the synthesis of a copolymer containing phosphorylated myo-inositol groups and we evaluate its antioxidant efficiency. Such a system was synthesized by binding chemical groups susceptible of radical polymerization to myo-inositol. The synthesized monomer was copolymerized with N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) (molar ratio 1:3) and submitted to exhaustive phosphorylation. The reaction was proved by an assay specific for phosphate groups. Finally, we evaluated the copolymer's ability in inhibiting lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomal membranes. This study showed that the designed macromolecular system is particularly effective as antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iemma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Grases F, Perelló J, Isern B, Prieto RM. Study of a myo-inositol hexaphosphate-based cream to prevent dystrophic calcinosis cutis. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:1022-5. [PMID: 15888163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcinosis cutis is a disorder caused by abnormal deposits of calcium phosphate in the skin and is observed in diverse disorders. Myo-inositol hexaphosphate (InsP(6)) is a diet-dependent molecule found in all mammalian fluids and tissues, which exhibits an extraordinary capacity as a crystallization inhibitor of calcium salts. OBJECTIVES To establish the effects of topically administered InsP(6) cream on artificially provoked dystrophic calcifications in soft tissues. METHODS Fourteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: control and treated groups. Rats were fed with an InsP(6)-free or phytate diet. Plaque formation was induced by subcutaneous injection of 0.1% KMnO(4) solution. From 4 days before plaque induction to the end of the experiment, control rats were treated topically with a standard cream, whereas treated rats were treated with the same cream with 2% InsP(6) or phytate (as sodium salt). Calcification of plaques was allowed to proceed for 10 days. InsP(6) in urine was determined. The plaques were excised and weighed. RESULTS It was found that when InsP(6) was administered topically through a moisturizing cream (2% InsP(6)-rich), the plaque size and weight were notably and significantly reduced compared with the control group (1.6 +/- 1.1 mg InsP(6)-treated, 26.7 +/- 3.0 mg control). The InsP(6) urinary levels for animals treated with the InsP(6)-enriched cream were considerably and significantly higher than those found in animals treated topically with the cream without InsP(6) (16.96 +/- 4.32 mg L(-1) InsP(6)-treated, 0.06 +/- 0.03 mg L(-1) control). CONCLUSIONS This demonstrates the important capacity of InsP(6) as a crystallization inhibitor and also demonstrates that it is possible to propose topical use as a new InsP(6) administration route.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research and Biomineralization, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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