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Iqbal K, Banga A, Arif TB, Rathore SS, Bhurwal A, Naqvi SKB, Mehdi M, Kumar P, Salklan MM, Iqbal A, Ahmed J, Sharma N, Lal A, Kashyap R, Bansal V, Domecq JP. Anticoagulant use before COVID-19 diagnosis prevent COVID-19 associated acute venous thromboembolism or not: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Methodol 2024; 14:92983. [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i3.92983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events are associated with poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. There is conflicting evidence on the effects of chronic anticoagulation on mortality and severity of COVID-19 disease.
AIM To summarize the body of evidence on the effects of pre-hospital anticoagulation on outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
METHODS A Literature search was performed on LitCovid PubMed, WHO, and Scopus databases from inception (December 2019) till June 2023 for original studies reporting an association between prior use of anticoagulants and patient outcomes in adults with COVID-19. The primary outcome was the risk of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients taking anticoagulants. Secondary outcomes included COVID-19 disease severity, in terms of intensive care unit admission or invasive mechanical ventilation/intubation requirement in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection, and mortality. The random effects models were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).
RESULTS Forty-six observational studies met our inclusion criteria. The unadjusted analysis found no association between prior anticoagulation and thromboembolic event risk [n = 43851, 9 studies, odds ratio (OR)= 0.67 (0.22, 2.07); P = 0.49; I2 = 95%]. The association between prior anticoagulation and disease severity was non-significant [n = 186782; 22 studies, OR = 1.08 (0.78, 1.49); P = 0.64; I2 = 89%]. However, pre-hospital anticoagulation significantly increased all-cause mortality risk [n = 207292; 35 studies, OR = 1.72 (1.37, 2.17); P < 0.00001; I2 = 93%]. Pooling adjusted estimates revealed a statistically non-significant association between pre-hospital anticoagulation and thromboembolic event risk [aOR = 0.87 (0.42, 1.80); P = 0.71], mortality [aOR = 0.94 (0.84, 1.05); P = 0.31], and disease severity [aOR = 0.96 (0.72, 1.26); P = 0.76].
CONCLUSION Prehospital anticoagulation was not significantly associated with reduced risk of thromboembolic events, improved survival, and lower disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Iqbal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Akshat Banga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Taha Bin Arif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Sawai Singh Rathore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur 342003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhishek Bhurwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | | | - Muhammad Mehdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Mitali Madhu Salklan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Ayman Iqbal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Amos Lal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Rahul Kashyap
- Department of Research, Wellspan Health, York, PA 17403, United States
| | - Vikas Bansal
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Domecq
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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Iannella G, Vicini C, Lechien JR, Ravaglia C, Poletti V, di Cesare S, Amicarelli E, Gardelli L, Grosso C, Patacca A, Magistrelli E, De Benedetto M, Toraldo DM, Arigliani M, Cammaroto G, Meccariello G, De Vito A, Magliulo G, Greco A, de Vincentiis M, Ralli M, Pace A, Montincone V, Maniaci A, Cocuzza S, Seligardi M, di Giacinto I, Corso RM. Association Between Severity of COVID-19 Respiratory Disease and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:NP10-NP15. [PMID: 34318690 DOI: 10.1177/01455613211029783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this observational retrospective study was to evaluate, in patients with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, the association between the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory illness and the risk of infected patients to develop obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS Ninety-six patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were enrolled in the study. The STOP-BANG questionnaire to investigate the risk of the OSA syndrome was filled in by the patients at admission. The enrolled patients were divided into 2 groups according to the respiratory disease: group 1 (72 patients), hospitalized patients undergoing conventional oxygen therapy; group 2 (24 patients), patients requiring enhanced respiratory support. STOP-BANG results of these 2 groups were compared to observe whether patients with high OSA risk more frequently presented a severe form of COVID-19. RESULTS 41.6% of the patients in group 2 had a STOP-BANG score between 5 and 8 (high risk of having apnea); in contrast, 20.8% of the patients in group 1 had a STOP-BANG score between 5 and 8, with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .05). A complementary trend was observed regarding the proportion of patients in the range 0 to 2, which classifies patients at a low risk of OSA (48.6% vs 20.8% for groups 1 and 2, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS According to our data, the chances of having a severe case of COVID-19 should be considered in patients at high risk of OSA. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE/STUDY RATIONALE Emerging research suggests that OSA could represent a potentially important risk factor for the severe forms of COVID-19. The purpose of this observational retrospective study was to evaluate the potential association between OSA and the severity of COVID-19 disease. STUDY IMPACT According to our data, the likelihood of contracting a severe form of COVID-19 disease should be considered in patients at high risk of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannicola Iannella
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Claudio Vicini
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
- Department of ENT & Audiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Claudia Ravaglia
- Pulmonology Unit, Thoracic Diseases Department, G.B. Morgagni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Pulmonology Unit, Thoracic Diseases Department, G.B. Morgagni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lucia Gardelli
- Medicine Department, G.B. Morgagni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Carmela Grosso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, G.B. Morgagni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Aria Patacca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, G.B. Morgagni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea De Vito
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Ospedale "Santa Maria delle Croci", Viale Vincenzo Randi, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Greco
- Department of "Organi di Senso," University "Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of "Organi di Senso," University "Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pace
- Department of "Organi di Senso," University "Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Maniaci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia," ENT Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia," ENT Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Seligardi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio, Emilia, Italy
| | - Ida di Giacinto
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Polivalente, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi - Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
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Finnerty JP, Hussain ABMA, Ponnuswamy A, Kamil HG, Abdelaziz A. Asthma and COPD as co-morbidities in patients hospitalised with Covid-19 disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:462. [PMID: 37993829 PMCID: PMC10664669 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors predisposing to increased mortality with COVID-19 infection have been identified as male sex, hypertension, obesity, and increasing age. Early studies looking at airway diseases gave some contradictory results. The purpose of our study was to determine global variation in studies in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the prevalence of COPD and asthma; and to determine whether the presence of asthma or COPD affected mortality in the same hospital population. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature of COPD and asthma as co-morbidities in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was performed, looking firstly at the prevalence of these diseases in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and secondly at the relative risk of death from any cause for patients with asthma or COPD. RESULTS Prevalence of both airway diseases varied markedly by region, making meaningful pooled global estimates of prevalence invalid and not of clinical utility. For individual studies, the interquartile range for asthma prevalence was 4.21 to 12.39%, and for COPD, 3.82 to 11.85%. The relative risk of death with COPD for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was 1.863 (95% CI 1.640-2.115), while the risk with asthma was 0.918 (95% CI 0.767 to 1.098) with no evidence of increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS For asthma and COPD, prevalence in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 varies markedly by region. We found no evidence that asthma predisposed to increased mortality in COVID-19 disease. For COPD, there was clear evidence of an association with increased mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with PROSPERO: registration number CRD42021289886.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Patrick Finnerty
- Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Trust, Chester, UK.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Countess of Chester Hospital, Liverpool Road, Chester, CH2 1UL, UK.
| | - A B M Arad Hussain
- Alexandra Hospital, Worcestershire Acute Hospital NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - Aravind Ponnuswamy
- Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Trust, Chester, UK
- University of Chester, Chester, UK
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Bahakeem R, Batarjee R, Mubaraki W, Alsaedi A, Alghamdi LA, Al Nufaiei ZF. Factors Affecting Confirmed COVID-19 Patient's Recovery Time at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah. Cureus 2023; 15:e34130. [PMID: 36843699 PMCID: PMC9947720 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has become a threat to the public's health, especially to the elderly and those with chronic conditions. It is capable of spreading from carriers who are both asymptomatic and symptomatic. Associated factors such as age, sex, severe symptoms of COVID-19 disease, and chronic disease have a significant impact on the recovery time of patients. AIM The study aimed to determine associated factors on recovery time in COVID-19 patients hospitalized at King Abdulaziz Medical city. METHODS A single-center retrospective study was utilized to recruit 1776 confirmed COVID-19 patients from 13 September to 24 October 2020 at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah. RESULTS The patients were categorized into three age groups: below 5 years, 5 to 65 years, and above 65 years. The number of male patients in each group was 49, 764, and 73, and the number of female patients in each group was 54, 754, and 82, respectively. Impact recovery time on female patients was 11.75 days; with male patients was 10.95 days. Symptoms such as sore throat, diarrhea, and fever in female patients declined the recovery time. On the other hand, symptoms such as runny nose, diarrhea, fever, and headache in male patients declined the recovery time. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It was revealed that older aged COVID-19 patients, male sex, and some symptoms decline recovery time. The study findings show an independent predictor of particular symptoms and sign which delay the time of recovery in the COVID-19 patients enrolled in the study differently, for male and female patients. Thus, patients who are infected with COVID-19 should be monitored keenly to prevent a prolonged rate of recovery and should be eligible for priority management to enhance a good clinical outcome.
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Elgohary MA, Ali A, El-Masry TA, Faidah H, Bantun F, Elkholy AM, Fahim JS, Elgamal NN, Mohamed ME, Seadawy MG, Helal AM, De Waard M, Shishtawy HM, El-Bouseary MM. Development and validation of a predictive scoring system for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 Egyptian patients: a retrospective study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22352. [PMID: 36572690 PMCID: PMC9791155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus has rapidly spread worldwide since December 2019, causing COVID-19 disease. In-hospital mortality is a common indicator for evaluating treatment outcomes. Therefore, the developing and validating a simple score system from observational data could assist in modulating the management procedures. A retrospective cohort study included all data records of patients with positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2. The factors that associated with mortality were analyzed, then allocation of potential predictors of mortality was executed using different logistic regression modeling, subsequently scoring system was developed from the most weighted predictors. The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was 28.5% and 28.74%, respectively. The most significant factors that affected in-hospital mortality were old age (> 60 years), delay in hospital admission (> 4 days), high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio "NLR" (> 3); higher computed tomography severity score; and CT-SS (> 20), in addition to using remdesivir and tocilizumab in the treatment protocol (P < 0.001 for all). The validity of the newly performed score was significant; the AUC was 85%, P < 0.001, and its prognostic utility was good; the AUC was 75%, P < 0.001. The prognostic utility of newly developed score system (EGY.Score) was excellent and could be used to adjust the treatment strategy of highly at-risk patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmaa Ali
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Abbassia Chest Hospital, MOH, Cairo, Egypt ,grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 P. R. China
| | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hani Faidah
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M. Elkholy
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Almaza Military Fever Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jaklin S. Fahim
- Department of Microbiology, Almaza Military Fever Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabila N. Elgamal
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Almaza Military Fever Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Amro M. Helal
- Department of Public Health, Almaza Military Fever Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France ,grid.4817.a0000 0001 2189 0784L’institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, F-44007 Nantes, France ,grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, LabEx “Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics”, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | | | - Maisra M. El-Bouseary
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Frontera JA, Sabadia S, Yang D, de Havenon A, Yaghi S, Lewis A, Lord AS, Melmed K, Thawani S, Balcer LJ, Wisniewski T, Galetta SL. Life stressors significantly impact long-term outcomes and post-acute symptoms 12-months after COVID-19 hospitalization. J Neurol Sci 2022; 443:120487. [PMID: 36379135 PMCID: PMC9637014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exists evaluating predictors of long-term outcomes after hospitalization for COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The following outcomes were collected at 6 and 12-months post-diagnosis: disability using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), activities of daily living assessed with the Barthel Index, cognition assessed with the telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (t-MoCA), Neuro-QoL batteries for anxiety, depression, fatigue and sleep, and post-acute symptoms of COVID-19. Predictors of these outcomes, including demographics, pre-COVID-19 comorbidities, index COVID-19 hospitalization metrics, and life stressors, were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Of 790 COVID-19 patients who survived hospitalization, 451(57%) completed 6-month (N = 383) and/or 12-month (N = 242) follow-up, and 77/451 (17%) died between discharge and 12-month follow-up. Significant life stressors were reported in 121/239 (51%) at 12-months. In multivariable analyses, life stressors including financial insecurity, food insecurity, death of a close contact and new disability were the strongest independent predictors of worse mRS, Barthel Index, depression, fatigue, and sleep scores, and prolonged symptoms, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.5 to 20.8. Other predictors of poor outcome included older age (associated with worse mRS, Barthel, t-MoCA, depression scores), baseline disability (associated with worse mRS, fatigue, Barthel scores), female sex (associated with worse Barthel, anxiety scores) and index COVID-19 severity (associated with worse Barthel index, prolonged symptoms). CONCLUSIONS Life stressors contribute substantially to worse functional, cognitive and neuropsychiatric outcomes 12-months after COVID-19 hospitalization. Other predictors of poor outcome include older age, female sex, baseline disability and severity of index COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Frontera
- Departments of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sakinah Sabadia
- Departments of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dixon Yang
- Department of Neurology, New York Presbyterian, Columbia Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ariane Lewis
- Departments of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron S Lord
- Departments of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Melmed
- Departments of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sujata Thawani
- Departments of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura J Balcer
- Departments of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven L Galetta
- Departments of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Vio R, Giordani AS, Stefil M, Alturki A, Russo V, China P, Gasperetti A, Schiavone M, Čulić V, Biondi-Zoccai G, Themistoclakis S, Lip GY, Proietti R. Therapeutic vs. prophylactic anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world studies. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2022; 70:652-662. [PMID: 36305780 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.22.06230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coagulopathy, in the form of either venous or arterial thromboembolism, is one of the most severe sequelae of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and has been associated with poorer outcomes. However, the role of therapeutic anticoagulation (tAC) or prophylactic anticoagulation (pAC) in COVID-19 patients has not been definitely established. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to gather all the available real-world data in the field and to provide a reliable effect size of the effect on mortality of tAC compared to pAC in COVID-19 patients. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Real-world studies (RWS) were identified by searching electronic databases from inception to 31st October, 2021. Randomized controlled trials were excluded. Mortality and bleedings were considered as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS 10 RWS and 5541 patients were included in the analysis. Overall, tAC was associated with lower mortality (HR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.54-0.71). There was asymmetry at the funnel plot suggesting publication bias, that was not confirmed at the Egger test (P=0.07). For the secondary endpoint, there was a non-statistically significant tendency for more bleedings in patients treated with tAC compared to pAC (RR=1.75, 95% CI: 0.81-3.81). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis, based on RWS and adjusted estimates of risk, suggests a survival benefit of tAC over pAC in COVID-19 patients in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Vio
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Medicine and Intensive Care, Dell'Angelo Hospital, Mestre, Venice, Italy -
| | - Andrea S Giordani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Stefil
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ahmed Alturki
- Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Monaldi Hospital, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo China
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Medicine and Intensive Care, Dell'Angelo Hospital, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Alessio Gasperetti
- Unit of Cardiology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marco Schiavone
- Unit of Cardiology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Viktor Čulić
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Sakis Themistoclakis
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Medicine and Intensive Care, Dell'Angelo Hospital, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Gregory Y Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Riccardo Proietti
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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8
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Rosei CA, Gaggero A, Famà F, Malerba P, Chiarini G, Nardin M, Brami V, Rossini C, Coschignano MA, Porteri E, Salvetti M, Muiesan ML, Rizzoni D, De Ciuceis C. Skin capillary alterations in patients with acute SarsCoV2 infection. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2385-2393. [PMID: 35983856 PMCID: PMC9640263 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute SarsCov2 infection is associated with endothelial dysfunction and 'endothelitis', which might explain systemic microvascular impairment. The presence of endothelial damage may promote vasoconstriction with organ ischemia, inflammation, tissue oedema and a procoagulant state resulting in an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Microvascular thrombosis has been demonstrated in postmortem autopsy of COVID-19 patients; however, few data are available about skin capillary alterations in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated skin microvascular alteration in 22 patients admitted to our hospital with SarsCov2 infection. Capillary density was evaluated by capillaroscopy in the nailfold and the dorsum of the finger in the acute phase of the disease. Capillaroscopy was repeated after 3 months (recovery phase). In addition, blood chemistry parameters and inflammatory markers were obtained during acute infection and at the recovery after 3 months. RESULTS Patients with COVID-19 showed skin microvascular complications, such as thrombosis, microhaemorrhages and neoangiogenesis, which were not detected after 3 months from the discharge. A significant reduction of capillary density in the dorsum was observed after 3 months from the acute infection (97.2 ± 5.3 vs. 75.81 ± 3.9 n/mm 2P < 0.05). A significant inverse correlation between C-reactive protein and capillary density was observed in patients with acute SarsCov2 infection ( r = 0.44, P < 0.05). Conversely a direct correlation between capillary density during the acute phase and lymphocyte number was detected ( r = 0.49, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This is the first in-vivo evidence of skin capillary thrombosis, microhaemorrhages and angiogenesis in patients with acute SarsCov2 infection, which disappeared after 3 months, supporting the presence of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Capillary alterations might reflect systemic vascular effects of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Agabiti Rosei
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
| | - Andrea Gaggero
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
| | - Francesca Famà
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
| | - Paolo Malerba
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
| | - Giulia Chiarini
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
| | - Matteo Nardin
- Third Division of Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia
| | - Valeria Brami
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
| | - Claudia Rossini
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
| | | | - Enzo Porteri
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
| | - Massimo Salvetti
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
- Division of Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Italy
| | - Carolina De Ciuceis
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
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9
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Muyinda A, Ingabire PM, Nakireka S, Tumuhaise C, Namulema E, Bongomin F, Napyo A, Sserwanja Q, Ainembabazi R, Olum R, Nantale R, Akunguru P, Nomujuni D, Olwit W, Musaba MW, Namubiru B, Aol P, Babigumira PA, Munabi I, Kiguli S, Mukunya D. Survival analysis of patients with COVID-19 admitted at six hospitals in Uganda in 2021: a cohort study. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:233. [PMID: 36380388 PMCID: PMC9666944 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Assessing factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients could guide in developing context relevant interventions to mitigate the risk. The study aimed to describe mortality and associated factors among COVID-19 patients admitted at six health facilities in Uganda.
Methods
We reviewed medical records of patients admitted with COVID-19 between January 1st 2021 and December 31st 2021 in six hospitals in Uganda. Using Stata version 17.0, Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to describe the time to death and estimate associations between various exposures and time to death. Finally, accelerated failure time (AFT) models with a lognormal distribution were used to estimate corresponding survival time ratios.
Results
Out of the 1040 study participants, 234 (22.5%: 95%CI 12.9 to 36.2%) died. The mortality rate was 30.7 deaths per 1000 person days, 95% CI (26.9 to 35.0). The median survival time was 33 days, IQR (9–82). Factors associated with time to COVID-19 death included; age ≥ 60 years [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.4, 95% CI: [1.7, 3.4]], having malaria test at admission [aHR = 2.0, 95% CI:[1.0, 3.9]], a COVID-19 severity score of severe/critical [aHR = 6.7, 95% CI:[1.5, 29.1]] and admission to a public hospital [aHR = 0.4, 95% CI:[0.3, 0.6]]. The survival time of patients aged 60 years or more is estimated to be 63% shorter than that of patients aged less than 60 years [adjusted time ratio (aTR) 0.37, 95% CI 0.24, 0.56]. The survival time of patients admitted in public hospitals was 2.5 times that of patients admitted in private hospitals [aTR 2.5 to 95%CI 1.6, 3.9]. Finally, patients with a severe or critical COVID-19 severity score had 87% shorter survival time than those with a mild score [aTR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03, 0.56].
Conclusion
In-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients was high. Factors associated with shorter survival; age ≥ 60 years, a COVID-19 severity score of severe or critical, and having malaria at admission. We therefore recommend close monitoring of COVID-19 patients that are elderly and also screening for malaria in COVID-19 admitted patients.
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10
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Leidi F, Boari GEM, Scarano O, Mangili B, Gorla G, Corbani A, Accordini B, Napoli F, Ghidelli C, Archenti G, Turini D, Saottini M, Guarinoni V, Ferrari-Toninelli G, Manzoni F, Bonetti S, Chiarini G, Malerba P, Braglia-Orlandini F, Bianco G, Faustini C, Agabiti-Rosei C, De Ciuceis C, Rizzoni D. Comparison of the characteristics, morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 between first and second/third wave in a hospital setting in Lombardy: a retrospective cohort study. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:1941-1949. [PMID: 35809152 PMCID: PMC9521559 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a major health problem in terms of deaths and long-term sequelae. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Montichiari Hospital (Brescia, Italy) to better understand the determinants of outcome in two different COVID-19 outbreaks. A total of 634 unvaccinated patients admitted from local emergency room to the Internal Medicine ward with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and a moderate-to-severe COVID-19 were included in the study. A group of 260 consecutive patients during SARS-CoV-2 first wave (from February to May 2020) and 374 consecutive patients during SARS-CoV-2 2nd/3rd wave (from October 2020 to May 2021) were considered. Demographic data were not significantly different between waves, except a lower prevalence of female sex during first wave. Mortality was significantly higher during the 1st wave than in the following periods (24.2% vs. 11%; p < 0.001). Time from symptoms onset to hospital admission was longer during first wave (8 ± 6 vs. 6 ± 4 days; p < 0.001), while in-hospital staying was significantly shorter (10 ± 14 vs. 15 ± 11 days; p < 0.001). Other significant differences were a larger use of corticosteroids and low-molecular weight heparin as well less antibiotic prescription during the second wave. Respiratory, bio-humoral and X-ray scores were significantly poorer at the time of admission in first-wave patients. After a multivariate regression analysis, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin values, % fraction of inspired oxygen on admission to the Internal Medicine ward and length of hospital stay and duration of symptoms were the strongest predictors of outcome. Concomitant anti-hypertensive treatment (including ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers) did not affect the outcome. In conclusion, our data suggest that earlier diagnosis, timely hospital admission and rational use of the therapeutic options reduced the systemic inflammatory response and were associated to a better outcome during the 2nd/3rd wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leidi
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Ottavio Scarano
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mangili
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Gorla
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Corbani
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Accordini
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Napoli
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ghidelli
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Archenti
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Turini
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Saottini
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vittoria Guarinoni
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Manzoni
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonetti
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiarini
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Malerba
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Braglia-Orlandini
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bianco
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Faustini
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Agabiti-Rosei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carolina De Ciuceis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy.
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Brixia and qSOFA Scores, Coagulation Factors and Blood Values in Spring versus Autumn 2021 Infection in Pregnant Critical COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081423. [PMID: 36011083 PMCID: PMC9408262 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: From the recent variants of concern of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in which the delta variant generated more negative outcomes than the alpha, we hypothesized that lung involvement, clinical condition deterioration and blood alterations were also more severe in autumn infection, when the delta variant dominated (compared with spring infections, when the alpha variant dominated), in severely infected pregnant patients. (2) Methods: In a prospective study, all pregnant patients admitted to the ICU of the Elena Doamna Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with a critical form of COVID-19 infection—spring group (n = 11) and autumn group (n = 7)—between 1 January 2021 and 1 December 2021 were included. Brixia scores were calculated for every patient: A score, upon admittance; H score, the highest score throughout hospitalization; and E score, at the end of hospitalization. For each day of Brixia A, H or E score, the qSOFA (quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score was calculated, and the blood values were also considered. (3) Results: Brixia E score, C-reactive protein, GGT and LDH were much higher, while neutrophil count was much lower in autumn compared with spring critical-form pregnant patients. (4) Conclusions: the autumn infection generated more dramatic alterations than the spring infection in pregnant patients with critical forms of COVID-19. Larger studies with more numerous participants are required to confirm these results.
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12
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Parhad P, Galhotra A, Jindal A, Nagarkar NM, Behera AK. An Assessment of the Profile and Predictors of Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in a Tertiary Care Institute in Central India. Cureus 2022; 14:e26909. [PMID: 35983383 PMCID: PMC9376217 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the largest pandemic that has affected people around the globe. Various researches have been conducted worldwide, but there is a scarcity of data from Central India on the relationship between several risk factors for infection and mortality. Our study assessed the predictors and patient profiles of those with COVID-19, which will aid in prioritizing patient treatment and preventive measures. Methods A retrospective study was done between March and December 2020. The study included 5,552 COVID-19 patients admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur. A validated questionnaire form provided by the WHO was used. Data for multiple clinical and nonclinical parameters were collected, and analysis was done using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and STATA version 12 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA). Mortality and risk assessment of patients was done using multivariate logistic regression. Result In our study cohort of 5,552 COVID-19 patients, the median age was found to be 47 years (interquartile range (IQR): 31-60 years; range: 14-100 years), and 3,557 (64%) were male. Predominantly, patients presented with fever (41.30%), cough (40.20%), and dyspnea (29.29%). The major comorbidities were hypertension (29.70%), diabetes (25.40%), and chronic cardiac disease (5.79%). The common complications were liver dysfunction (26.83%), viral pneumonitis (23.66%), acute renal injury (15.25%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (13.41%). In multivariate analysis, age (more than 40 years) (odds ratio (OR): 2.63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.531-4.512; p<0.001), diabetes (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.088-2.399; p=0.017), obesity (OR: 6.88; 95% CI: 2.188-12.153; p=0.004), leukocytosis (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.422-2.422; p<0.001), lymphocytopenia (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.718-3.826; p<0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.777-8.700; p=0.001), and ferritin concentration > 1,000 ng/mL (OR: 4.67; 95% CI: 1.991-10.975; p<0.001) were the independent predictors of mortality among COVID-19 patients. Conclusion The leading comorbidities in our study were hypertension, followed by diabetes. Patients who were 40 years or older, obese patients, and diabetic patients have a higher mortality risk. The poor prognostic predictors in COVID-19 patients were high ferritin levels (>1,000 ng/mL), leukocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
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13
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Loader J, Taylor FC, Lampa E, Sundström J. Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Revealing Critical Bias Across a Body of Observational Research. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025289. [PMID: 35624081 PMCID: PMC9238740 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor—COVID‐19 studies, observational in design, appear to use biased methods that can distort the interaction between RAAS inhibitor use and COVID‐19 risk. This study assessed the extent of bias in that research and reevaluated RAAS inhibitor—COVID‐19 associations in studies without critical risk of bias. Methods and Results Searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases (December 1, 2019 to October 21, 2021) identifying studies that compared the risk of infection and/or severe COVID‐19 outcomes between those using or not using RAAS inhibitors (ie, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type‐I receptor blockers). Weighted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs were extracted and pooled in fixed‐effects meta‐analyses, only from studies without critical risk of bias that assessed severe COVID‐19 outcomes. Of 169 relevant studies, 164 had critical risks of bias and were excluded. Ultimately, only two studies presented data relevant to the meta‐analysis. In 1 351 633 people with uncomplicated hypertension using a RAAS inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, or thiazide diuretic in monotherapy, the risk of hospitalization (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor: HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66–0.87; P<0.001; angiotensin II type‐I receptor blockers: HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.97; P=0.015) and intubation or death (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor: HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.48–0.85; P=0.002; angiotensin II type‐I receptor blockers: HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58–0.95; P=0.019) with COVID‐19 was lower in those using a RAAS inhibitor. However, these protective effects are probably not clinically relevant. Conclusions This study reveals the critical risk of bias that exists across almost an entire body of COVID‐19 research, raising an important question: Were research methods and/or peer‐review processes temporarily weakened during the surge of COVID‐19 research or is this lack of rigor a systemic problem that also exists outside pandemic‐based research? Registration URL: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; Unique identifier: CRD42021237859.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Loader
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden.,Inserm U1300 - HP2 CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Frances C Taylor
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Erik Lampa
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden.,The George Institute for Global Health University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
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14
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Survival analysis of COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia: A hospital-based study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268280. [PMID: 35533178 PMCID: PMC9084518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a global public health problem causing high mortality worldwide. This study aimed to assess time to death and predictors of mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Arsi zone treatment center. METHOD We performed a retrospective observational cohort study using medical records of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases hospitalized at Bokoji Hospital COVID-19 treatment center from 1st July 2020 to 5th March 2021. We extracted data on the patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics from medical records of hospitalized patients retrospectively. We carried out Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analysis to estimate survival probability and investigate predictors of COVID-19 death 5% level of significance. The Adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was estimated and interpreted for predictors of time to death in the final cox model. RESULT A total of 422 COVID-19 patients treated were analyzed, of these more than one tenth (11.14%) deaths, with a mortality rate of 6.35 cases per 1000 person-days. The majority (87.2%) of deaths occurred within the first 14 days of admission, with a median time-to-death of nine (IQR: 8-12) days. We found patients that age between 31 and 45 years (aHR = 2.55; 95% CI: (1.03, 6.34), older than 46 years (aHR = 2.59 (1.27, 5.30), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aHR = 4.60, 95%CI: (2.37, 8.91), Chronic kidney disease (aHR = 5.58, 95%CI: (1.70, 18.37), HIV/AIDS (aHR = 3.66, 95%CI: (1.20, 11.10), admission to the Intensive care unit(aHR = 7.44, 95%CI: (1.82, 30.42), and being on intranasal oxygen care (aHR = 6.27, 95%CI: (2.75, 4.30) were independent risk factors increasing risk of death from COVID-19 disease than their counterparts. CONCLUSION The risk of dying due to COVID-19 disease was higher among patients with HIV/AIDS, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney diseases. We also found that older people, those admitted to ICU, and patients who received intranasal oxygen care had a higher risk of dying due to COVID-19 disease. Therefore, close monitoring hospitalized patients that are old aged and those with comorbidities after hospitalization is crucial within the first ten days of admission.
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15
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Factors Associated with Poor Treatment Outcome among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in South Central, Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4551132. [PMID: 35252447 PMCID: PMC8890875 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4551132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Deaths due to COVID-19 are common among the elderly, especially among individuals with underlying illnesses. The pandemic of the COVID-19 impaired the mental, psychological, and physical well-being of people admitted to hospitals. Furthermore, in underdeveloped countries, scarcity of medical equipment was a challenge to manage cases in public health facilities. Thus, understanding the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients who are receiving treatment is critical for developing effective treatments and assessing service quality. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients affected by the COVID-19 virus. Method We used an institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 398 patients discharged in South Central, Ethiopia, between June 1, 2020, and July 5, 2021. Data were extracted using the data abstraction format. Data were entered, coded, and analyzed using the STATA 16 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with poor treatment outcomes. A 95% confidence interval with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and p value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result In our study, the proportion of poor treatment outcomes was 61 (15.3%). Chronic pulmonary disease (AOR = 5.62; 95% CI: 2.49–12.70), asthma (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.17–6.67), chronic kidney disease (AOR = 4.81; 95% CI: 1.27–18.22),diabetic mellitus (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.02–5.09), HIV positive (AOR = 10.44; 95% CI: 3.0–36.35), worsening conditions (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.17–11.95), and age 55 and above years (AOR = 4.35, 95% CI: 1.30–14.60) were statistically associated with poor treatment outcomes. Conclusion We found a significant number of patients had favourable treatment. Moreover, aging, having complicated situations at admission, and chronic illnesses such as COPD, CKD, asthma, diabetic mellitus, and HIV/AIDS participants were significantly associated with poor treatment outcomes. Therefore, critical follow–up and management of patients with underlying diseases and worsening health conditions during admission is required.
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16
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Mental Health Symptomatology and Posttraumatic Growth among Those with Multimorbidity in COVID Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Findings from the STRONG Study in Greece. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint3010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals with physical or mental health conditions represent a vulnerable population, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, limited information is available concerning posttraumatic growth and common mental health symptoms of this vulnerable health group during COVID-19. Methods: An online cross-sectional study (STRONG study; psychological changes and effects after COVID-19 quarantine in Greece) was conducted from 28 September 2020 (no lockdown restrictions) to 2 November 2020, just before the second lockdown in Greece. Main outcomes were depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as posttraumatic growth. Results: A total of 860 adults participated in the study. A high proportion of participants did not report any pre-existing health condition (61%), while 334 individuals reported one or more physical or mental health conditions. Overall, 20.2% of the participants reported significant depressive symptoms, and 27.9% reported moderate to high posttraumatic growth. The presence of physical and mental health conditions, either as single diagnosis or as a multimorbidity, was significantly associated with the development of depressive symptomatology (either physical or mental health conditions: OR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07–1.17, p < 0.001; both physical and mental health conditions: OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14–1.33, p < 0.001). Posttraumatic growth did not differ between those with or without any pre-existing health issue. Conclusions: Although having a physical or/and a mental health condition predicted the development of depressive symptomatology in a post-lockdown period, the presence of pre-existing conditions was not associated with posttraumatic growth development. Clinicians should be aware of depressive symptoms among their multimorbid patients, even after exiting lockdown.
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17
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Bassetti M, Giacobbe DR, Bruzzi P, Barisione E, Centanni S, Castaldo N, Corcione S, De Rosa FG, Di Marco F, Gori A, Gramegna A, Granata G, Gratarola A, Maraolo AE, Mikulska M, Lombardi A, Pea F, Petrosillo N, Radovanovic D, Santus P, Signori A, Sozio E, Tagliabue E, Tascini C, Vancheri C, Vena A, Viale P, Blasi F. Clinical Management of Adult Patients with COVID-19 Outside Intensive Care Units: Guidelines from the Italian Society of Anti-Infective Therapy (SITA) and the Italian Society of Pulmonology (SIP). Infect Dis Ther 2021; 10:1837-1885. [PMID: 34328629 PMCID: PMC8323092 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Italian Society of Anti-Infective Therapy (SITA) and the Italian Society of Pulmonology (SIP) constituted an expert panel for developing evidence-based guidance for the clinical management of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outside intensive care units. METHODS Ten systematic literature searches were performed to answer ten different key questions. The retrieved evidence was graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology (GRADE). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The literature searches mostly assessed the available evidence on the management of COVID-19 patients in terms of antiviral, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)/non-invasive ventilation (NIV) treatment. Most evidence was deemed as of low certainty, and in some cases, recommendations could not be developed according to the GRADE system (best practice recommendations were provided in similar situations). The use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies may be considered for outpatients at risk of disease progression. For inpatients, favorable recommendations were provided for anticoagulant prophylaxis and systemic steroids administration, although with low certainty of evidence. Favorable recommendations, with very low/low certainty of evidence, were also provided for, in specific situations, remdesivir, alone or in combination with baricitinib, and tocilizumab. The presence of many best practice recommendations testified to the need for further investigations by means of randomized controlled trials, whenever possible, with some possible future research directions stemming from the results of the ten systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bruzzi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Barisione
- Interventional Pulmonology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Centanni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Castaldo
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Santa Maria Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Corcione
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Fabiano Di Marco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Respiratory Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gramegna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Granata
- Clinical and Research Department for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Gratarola
- Department of Emergency and Urgency, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Malgorzata Mikulska
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Pea
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- SSD Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University Hospital, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Petrosillo
- Clinical and Research Department for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Infection Control and Infectious Disease Service, University Hospital "Campus-Biomedico", Rome, Italy
| | - Dejan Radovanovic
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale L. Sacco, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierachille Santus
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale L. Sacco, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Signori
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sozio
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Santa Maria Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Elena Tagliabue
- Interventional Pulmonology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Tascini
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Santa Maria Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- Regional Referral Centre for Rare Lung Diseases-University Hospital "Policlinico G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Vena
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Milan, Italy
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Celik I, Eryilmaz‐Eren E, Kilinc‐Toker A, Eren D, Yildiz M, Kanat A, Topaloglu US, Guzeldag S, Kara M, Ulu‐Kilic A. Low-dose tocilizumab is associated with improved outcome and a low risk of secondary infection in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14997. [PMID: 34714574 PMCID: PMC8646570 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory failure and death are the leading causes of severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm cause lung damage. This study aimed to compare the low-dose and high-dose effects of tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist. METHOD Patients with severe pneumonia and hyper-inflammation signs because of COVID-19 were included in this retrospective study. Patients receiving tocilizumab <200 mg intravenously were classified as the low-dose group, and receiving ≥200 mg as the high-dose group, and those not treated with tocilizumab as the control group. Demographic and clinical data of patients who died and survived in both low-high dose and control patients were compared. According to symptom day and radiological infiltration, patients with tocilizumab were also evaluated in two groups as early and late periods at tocilizumab administration time. RESULTS A total of 160 patients were included in the study; 70 were treated with a low dose and 50 with high-dose tocilizumab. Forty patients were in the control group. Age, comorbidity and clinical features were similar in the control, low-dose tocilizumab and high-dose tocilizumab groups. The mortality rate (12.9%, 30.0%, 37.5, P = .008) was less in the low-dose tocilizumab group. The secondary infection rate was higher in the high-dose group than in the low-dose tocilizumab and control groups (44.0%, 10.0%, 10.0%, P < .001). Distinguishing between those patients who died and survived, age (OR: 1.1589, P < .001), higher APACHE II scores (OR: 1.225, P = .001) and needs for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (OR: 14.469, P < .001) were the most critical risk factors. Low-dose tocilizumab was associated with a lower mortality rate (OR: 0.244, P = .012). CONCLUSION The use of tocilizumab at a low dose is associated with lower secondary infections and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhami Celik
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical MicrobiologyKayseri City Training and Research HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Esma Eryilmaz‐Eren
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical MicrobiologyKayseri City Training and Research HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Aysin Kilinc‐Toker
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical MicrobiologyKayseri City Training and Research HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Didem Eren
- Department of Internal MedicineKayseri City Training and Research HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Merve Yildiz
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical MicrobiologyKayseri City Training and Research HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Azade Kanat
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical MicrobiologyKayseri City Training and Research HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Ulas Serkan Topaloglu
- Department of Internal MedicineKayseri City Training and Research HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Seda Guzeldag
- Department of Intensive Care UnitKayseri City Training and Research HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Mehmet Kara
- Department of PharmacologyKayseri City Training and Research HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Aysegul Ulu‐Kilic
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical MicrobiologyFaculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
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Barry M, Alotaibi M, Almohaya A, Aldrees A, AlHijji A, Althabit N, Alhasani S, Akkielah L, AlRajhi A, Nouh T, Temsah MH, Al-Tawfiq JA. Factors associated with poor outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Experience from a MERS-CoV referral hospital. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1658-1665. [PMID: 34627061 PMCID: PMC8485705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in millions of deaths, including more than 6000 deaths in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Identifying key predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality among infected cases would help in identifying individuals at risk to optimize their care. We aimed to determine factors of poor outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a large academic hospital in Riyadh, KSA that serves as a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) referral center. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients between March 15 and August 31, 2020. The study was conducted at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC). COVID-19 infection was confirmed using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-COV-2. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory, radiological features, and length of hospital stay were obtained. Poor outcomes were, admission to ICU, need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and in-hospital all-cause mortality. RESULTS Out of 16,947 individuals tested in KSUMC, 3480 (20.5%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and of those 743 patients (21%) were hospitalized. There were 62% males, 77% were younger than 65 years. Of all cases, 204 patients (28%) required ICU admission, 104 (14%) required IMV, and 117 (16%) died in hospital. In bivariate analysis, multiple factors were associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients. Further multivariate analysis revealed the following factors were associated with mortality: respiratory rate more than 24/min and systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg in the first 24h of presentation, lymphocyte count <1 × 109/L and aspartate transaminase level >37 units/L in the first 48 h of presentation, while a RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) value ≤24 was a predictor for IMV. CONCLUSION Variable factors were identified as predictors of different outcomes among COVID-19 patients. The only predictor of IMV was a low initial Ct values of SARS-CoV-2 PCR. The presence of tachypnea, hypotension, lymphopenia, and elevated AST in the first 48h of presentation were independently associated with mortality. This study provides possible independent predictors of mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation. The data may be helpful in the early identification of high-risk COVID-19 patients in areas endemic with MERS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muath Alotaibi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulellah Almohaya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Internal Medicine Department, Ad-Dariya Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahab Aldrees
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali AlHijji
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Althabit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alhasani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layan Akkielah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz AlRajhi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Nouh
- Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Critical Care Unit, Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Geng J, Yu X, Bao H, Feng Z, Yuan X, Zhang J, Chen X, Chen Y, Li C, Yu H. Chronic Diseases as a Predictor for Severity and Mortality of COVID-19: A Systematic Review With Cumulative Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:588013. [PMID: 34540855 PMCID: PMC8440884 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.588013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Given the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the consequent global healthcare crisis, there is an urgent need to better understand risk factors for symptom deterioration and mortality among patients with COVID-19. This systematic review aimed to meet the need by determining the predictive value of chronic diseases for COVID-19 severity and mortality. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Complete to identify studies published between December 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. Two hundred and seventeen observational studies from 26 countries involving 624,986 patients were included. We assessed the risk of bias of the included studies and performed a cumulative meta-analysis. Results: We found that among COVID-19 patients, hypertension was a very common condition and was associated with higher severity, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and mortality. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was the strongest predictor for COVID-19 severity, admission to ICU, and mortality, while asthma was associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19 mortality. Patients with obesity were at a higher risk of experiencing severe symptoms of COVID-19 rather than mortality. Patients with cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, or cancer were more likely to become severe COVID-19 cases and had a greater probability of mortality. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases were more likely to experience severe symptoms and ICU admission and faced a higher risk of mortality. Aggressive strategies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic should target patients with chronic diseases as a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinSong Geng
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - XiaoLan Yu
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - HaiNi Bao
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - XiaoYu Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - JiaYing Zhang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - XiaoWei Chen
- Library and Reference Department, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - YaLan Chen
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - ChengLong Li
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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Loader J, Lampa E, Gustafsson S, Cars T, Sundström J. Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Primary Prevention and COVID-19. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021154. [PMID: 34320843 PMCID: PMC8475700 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.021154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Considering the widespread risk of collider bias and confounding by indication in previous research, the associations between renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor use and COVID‐19 remain unknown. Accordingly, this study tested the hypothesis that RAAS inhibitors influence the summation effect of COVID‐19 and its progression to severe outcomes. Methods and Results This nationwide cohort study compared all residents of Sweden, without prior cardiovascular disease, in monotherapy (as of January 1, 2020) with a RAAS inhibitor to those using a calcium channel blocker or a thiazide diuretic. Comparative cohorts were balanced using machine‐learning‐derived propensity score methods. Of 165 355 people in the analysis (51% women), 367 were hospitalized or died with COVID‐19 (246 using a RAAS inhibitor versus 121 using a calcium channel blocker or thiazide diuretic; Cox proportional hazard ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.74–1.27). When each outcome was assessed separately, 335 people were hospitalized with COVID‐19 (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.70–1.22), and 64 died with COVID‐19 (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.68–2.19). The severity of COVID‐19 outcomes did not differ between those using a RAAS inhibitor and those using a calcium channel blocker or thiazide diuretic (ordered logistic regression odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.89–1.14). Conclusions Despite potential limitations, this study is among the best available evidence that RAAS inhibitor use in primary prevention does not increase the risk of severe COVID‐19 outcomes; presenting strong data from which scientists and policy makers alike can base, with greater confidence, their current position on the safety of using RAAS inhibitors during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Loader
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Erik Lampa
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Cars
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden.,The George Institute for Global HealthUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
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Boari GEM, Bonetti S, Braglia-Orlandini F, Chiarini G, Faustini C, Bianco G, Santagiuliana M, Guarinoni V, Saottini M, Viola S, Ferrari-Toninelli G, Pasini G, Bonzi B, Desenzani P, Tusi C, Malerba P, Zanotti E, Turini D, Rizzoni D. Short-Term Consequences of SARS-CoV-2-Related Pneumonia: A Follow Up Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:373-381. [PMID: 33909284 PMCID: PMC8080190 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00454-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the short-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia, also in relation to radiologic/laboratory/clinical indices of risk at baseline. This prospective follow-up cohort study included 94 patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a medical ward at the Montichiari Hospital, Brescia, Italy from February 28th to April 30th, 2020. Patients had COVID-19 related pneumonia with respiratory failure. Ninety-four patients out of 193 survivors accepted to be re-evaluated after discharge, on average after 4 months. In ¼ of the patients an evidence of pulmonary fibrosis was detected, as indicated by an altered diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO); in 6-7% of patients the alteration was classified as of moderate/severe degree. We also evaluated quality of life thorough a structured questionnaire: 52% of the patients still lamented fatigue, 36% effort dyspnea, 10% anorexia, 14% dysgeusia or anosmia, 31% insomnia and 21% anxiety. Finally, we evaluated three prognostic indices (the Brixia radiologic score, the Charlson Comorbidity Index and the 4C mortality score) in terms of prediction of the clinical consequences of the disease. All of them significantly predicted the extent of short-term lung involvement. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia is associated to relevant short-term clinical consequences, both in terms of persistence of symptoms and in terms of impairment of DLCO (indicator of a possible development of pulmonary fibrosis); some severity indices of the disease may predict short-term clinical outcome. Further studies are needed to ascertain whether such manifestations may persist long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca E. M. Boari
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
| | - Silvia Bonetti
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Braglia-Orlandini
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiarini
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Faustini
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bianco
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marzia Santagiuliana
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vittoria Guarinoni
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
| | - Michele Saottini
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
| | - Sara Viola
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Pasini
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
| | - Bianca Bonzi
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
| | - Paolo Desenzani
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
| | - Claudia Tusi
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
| | - Paolo Malerba
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eros Zanotti
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
| | - Daniele Turini
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Division of Medicine, Covid-19 Unit M, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, c/o 2a Medicina Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100 Brescia, Italy
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Tolossa T, Wakuma B, Seyoum Gebre D, Merdassa Atomssa E, Getachew M, Fetensa G, Ayala D, Turi E. Time to recovery from COVID-19 and its predictors among patients admitted to treatment center of Wollega University Referral Hospital (WURH), Western Ethiopia: Survival analysis of retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252389. [PMID: 34111146 PMCID: PMC8191892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite its alarming spread throughout the world, no effective drug and vaccine is discovered for COVID-19 so far. According to WHO, the recovery time from COVID-19 was estimated to be 2 weeks for patients with mild infection, and 3 to 6 weeks for those with serious illnesses. A studies regarding the median recovery time and its predictors are limited globally and specifically in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the median time to recovery from COVID-19 and its predictors among COVID-19 cases admitted to WURH, Western Ethiopian. METHODS This was a hospital-based retrospective cohort study conducted among 263 adult patients admitted with COVID-19 in WURH treatment center from March 29, 2020 through September 30, 2020. Epidata version 3.2 was used for data entry, and STATA version 14 for analysis. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was fitted to determine factors associated with recovery time. A variable with P-value ≤ 0.25 at bivariable Cox regression analysis were selected for multivariable Cox proportional model. Multivariable Cox regression model with 95% CI and Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) was used to identify a significant predictor of time to recovery from COVID-19 at P-value < 0.05. RESULTS The mean age of patient was 36.8 (SD± 10.68) years. At the end of follow up, two hundred twenty seven observations were developed an event (recovered) with median time to recovery of 18 days with IQR of 10-27 days. The overall incidence rate of recovery was of 4.38 per 100 (95% CI: 3.84, 4.99) person-days observations. Being older age (AHR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.49), presence of fever on admission (AHR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.62), and comorbidity (AHR = 0.56, 95% CI, 0.34, 0.90) were found to have statistically significant association with recovery time. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS In general, the median recovery time of patients with COVID-19 cases was long, and factors such as older age group, presence of fever, and comorbidity was an independent predictors of delayed recovery from COVID-19. Intervention to further reduce recovery time at treatment center has to focus on patients those shows symptoms and with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Tolossa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuneh Wakuma
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Dejene Seyoum Gebre
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Emiru Merdassa Atomssa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Motuma Getachew
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Fetensa
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Ayala
- Department of Midwifery, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Ebisa Turi
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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Aggarwal A, Agarwal R, Dhooria S, Prasad K, Sehgal I, Muthu V. Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on severity and outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jncd.jncd_7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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