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de Souza Goncalves B, Sangani D, Nayyar A, Puri R, Irtiza M, Nayyar A, Khalyfa A, Sodhi K, Pillai SS. COVID-19-Associated Sepsis: Potential Role of Phytochemicals as Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8481. [PMID: 39126050 PMCID: PMC11312872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The acute manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit the hallmarks of sepsis-associated complications that reflect multiple organ failure. The inflammatory cytokine storm accompanied by an imbalance in the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to severe and critical septic shock. The sepsis signature in severely afflicted COVID-19 patients includes cellular reprogramming and organ dysfunction that leads to high mortality rates, emphasizing the importance of improved clinical care and advanced therapeutic interventions for sepsis associated with COVID-19. Phytochemicals of functional foods and nutraceutical importance have an incredible impact on the healthcare system, which includes the prevention and/or treatment of chronic diseases. Hence, in the present review, we aim to explore the pathogenesis of sepsis associated with COVID-19 that disrupts the physiological homeostasis of the body, resulting in severe organ damage. Furthermore, we have summarized the diverse pharmacological properties of some potent phytochemicals, which can be used as functional foods as well as nutraceuticals against sepsis-associated complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The phytochemicals explored in this article include quercetin, curcumin, luteolin, apigenin, resveratrol, and naringenin, which are the major phytoconstituents of our daily food intake. We have compiled the findings from various studies, including clinical trials in humans, to explore more into the therapeutic potential of each phytochemical against sepsis and COVID-19, which highlights their possible importance in sepsis-associated COVID-19 pathogenesis. We conclude that our review will open a new research avenue for exploring phytochemical-derived therapeutic agents for preventing or treating the life-threatening complications of sepsis associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de Souza Goncalves
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (B.d.S.G.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (A.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Darshan Sangani
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (B.d.S.G.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (A.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Aleen Nayyar
- Department of Medicine, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore 55150, Pakistan;
| | - Raghav Puri
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (B.d.S.G.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (A.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Mahir Irtiza
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (B.d.S.G.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (A.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Asma Nayyar
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (B.d.S.G.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (A.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (B.d.S.G.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (A.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (B.d.S.G.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (A.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Sneha S. Pillai
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (B.d.S.G.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (A.K.); (K.S.)
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Yan Z, Pan Y, Huang M, Liu JZ. De Novo Pterostilbene Production from Glucose Using Modular Coculture Engineering in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:516-528. [PMID: 38130104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene, a derivative of resveratrol, is of increasing interest due to its increased bioavailability and potential health benefits. Sustainable production of pterostilbene is important, especially given the challenges of traditional plant extraction and chemical synthesis methods. While engineered microbial cell factories provide a potential alternative for pterostilbene production, most approaches necessitate feeding intermediate compounds. To address these limitations, we adopted a modular coculture engineering strategy, dividing the pterostilbene biosynthetic pathway between two engineered E. coli strains. Using a combination of gene knockout, atmospheric and room-temperature plasma mutagenesis, and error-prone PCR-based whole genome shuffling to engineer strains for the coculture system, we achieved a pterostilbene production titer of 134.84 ± 9.28 mg/L from glucose using a 1:3 inoculation ratio and 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide supplementation. This represents the highest reported de novo production titer. Our results underscore the potential of coculture systems and metabolic balance in microbial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yuyang Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Sequeira L, Distinto S, Meleddu R, Gaspari M, Angeli A, Cottiglia F, Secci D, Onali A, Sanna E, Borges F, Uriarte E, Alcaro S, Supuran CT, Maccioni E. 2H-chromene and 7H-furo-chromene derivatives selectively inhibit tumour associated human carbonic anhydrase IX and XII isoforms. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2270183. [PMID: 37870190 PMCID: PMC11003494 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2270183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour associated carbonic anhydrases (CAs) IX and XII have been recognised as potential targets for the treatment of hypoxic tumours. Therefore, considering the high pharmacological potential of the chromene scaffold as selective ligand of the IX and XII isoforms, two libraries of compounds, namely 2H-chromene and 7H-furo-chromene derivatives, with diverse substitution patterns were designed and synthesised. The structure of the newly synthesised compounds was characterised and their inhibitory potency and selectivity towards human CA off target isoforms I, II and cancer-associated CA isoforms IX and XII were evaluated. Most of the compounds inhibit CA isoforms IX and XII with no activity against the I and II isozymes. Thus, while the potency was influenced by the substitution pattern along the chromene scaffold, the selectivity was conserved along the series, confirming the high potential of both 2H-chromene and 7H-furo-chromene scaffolds for the design of isozyme selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sequeira
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Simona Distinto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Rita Meleddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Cottiglia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessia Onali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Erica Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elias Maccioni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
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Qiu C, Zhang JZ, Wu B, Xu CC, Pang HH, Tu QC, Lu YQ, Guo QY, Xia F, Wang JG. Advanced application of nanotechnology in active constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicines. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:456. [PMID: 38017573 PMCID: PMC10685519 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) have been used for centuries for the treatment and management of various diseases. However, their effective delivery to targeted sites may be a major challenge due to their poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and potential toxicity. Nanocarriers, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles and organic/inorganic nanohybrids based on active constituents from TCMs have been extensively studied as a promising strategy to improve the delivery of active constituents from TCMs to achieve a higher therapeutic effect with fewer side effects compared to conventional formulations. This review summarizes the recent advances in nanocarrier-based delivery systems for various types of active constituents of TCMs, including terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and quinones, from different natural sources. This review covers the design and preparation of nanocarriers, their characterization, and in vitro/vivo evaluations. Additionally, this review highlights the challenges and opportunities in the field and suggests future directions for research. Nanocarrier-based delivery systems have shown great potential in improving the therapeutic efficacy of TCMs, and this review may serve as a comprehensive resource to researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Sixth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Cheng Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huan Huan Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qing Chao Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yu Qian Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiu Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ji Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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Akash S, Bayıl I, Rahman MA, Mukerjee N, Maitra S, Islam MR, Rajkhowa S, Ghosh A, Al-Hussain SA, Zaki MEA, Jaiswal V, Sah S, Barboza JJ, Sah R. Target specific inhibition of West Nile virus envelope glycoprotein and methyltransferase using phytocompounds: an in silico strategy leveraging molecular docking and dynamics simulation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1189786. [PMID: 37455711 PMCID: PMC10338848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1189786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the primary vector for West Nile virus, a flavivirus. The virus's ability to infiltrate and establish itself in increasing numbers of nations has made it a persistent threat to public health worldwide. Despite the widespread occurrence of this potentially fatal disease, no effective treatment options are currently on the market. As a result, there is an immediate need for the research and development of novel pharmaceuticals. To begin, molecular docking was performed on two possible West Nile virus target proteins using a panel of twelve natural chemicals, including Apigenin, Resveratrol, Hesperetin, Fungisterol, Lucidone, Ganoderic acid, Curcumin, Kaempferol, Cholic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Pinocembrin, and Sanguinarine. West Nile virus methyltransferase (PDB ID: 2OY0) binding affinities varied from -7.4 to -8.3 kcal/mol, whereas West Nile virus envelope glycoprotein affinities ranged from -6.2 to -8.1 kcal/mol (PDB ID: 2I69). Second, substances with larger molecular weights are less likely to be unhappy with the Lipinski rule. Hence, additional research was carried out without regard to molecular weight. In addition, compounds 01, 02, 03, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10 and 11 are more soluble in water than compound 04 is. Besides, based on maximum binding affinity, best three compounds (Apigenin, Curcumin, and Ganoderic Acid) has been carried out molecular dynamic simulation (MDs) at 100 ns to determine their stability. The MDs data is also reported that these mentioned molecules are highly stable. Finally, advanced principal component analysis (PCA), dynamics cross-correlation matrices (DCCM) analysis, binding free energy and dynamic cross correlation matrix (DCCM) theoretical study is also included to established mentioned phytochemical as a potential drug candidate. Research has indicated that the aforementioned natural substances may be an effective tool in the battle against the dangerous West Nile virus. This study aims to locate a bioactive natural component that might be used as a pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Imren Bayıl
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | | | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Swastika Maitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sanchaita Rajkhowa
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikash Jaiswal
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sanjit Sah
- Global Consortium for Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India
- SR Sanjeevani Hospital, Kayanpur, Siraha, Nepal
| | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Pagano K, Listro R, Linciano P, Rossi D, Longhi E, Taraboletti G, Molinari H, Collina S, Ragona L. Identification of a novel extracellular inhibitor of FGF2/FGFR signaling axis by combined virtual screening and NMR spectroscopy approach. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106529. [PMID: 37084585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant activation of the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling pathway drives severe pathologies, including cancer development and angiogenesis-driven pathologies. The perturbation of the FGF2/FGFR axis via extracellular allosteric small inhibitors is a promising strategy for developing FGFR inhibitors with improved safety and efficacy for cancer treatment. We have previously investigated the role of new extracellular inhibitors, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), which bind the FGFR-D2 domain and directly compete with FGF2 for the same binding site, enabling the disruption of the functional FGF2/FGFR interaction. To select ligands for the previously identified FGF2/FGFR RA binding site, NMR data-driven virtual screening has been performed on an in-house library of non-commercial small molecules and metabolites. A novel drug-like compound, a resorcinol derivative named RBA4 has been identified. NMR interaction studies demonstrate that RBA4 binds the FGF2/FGFR complex, in agreement with docking prediction. Residue-level NMR perturbations analysis highlights that the mode of action of RBA4 is similar to RA in terms of its ability to target the FGF2/FGFR-D2 complex, inducing perturbations on both proteins and triggering complex dissociation. Biological assays proved that RBA4 inhibited FGF2 proliferative activity at a level comparable to the previously reported natural product, RA. Identification of RBA4 chemical groups involved in direct interactions represents a starting point for further optimization of drug-like extracellular inhibitors with improved activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuscia Pagano
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Listro
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Longhi
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Henriette Molinari
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Ragona
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Fam MS, Sedky CA, Turky NO, Breitinger HG, Breitinger U. Channel activity of SARS-CoV-2 viroporin ORF3a inhibited by adamantanes and phenolic plant metabolites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5328. [PMID: 37005439 PMCID: PMC10067842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for the major worldwide pandemic of COVID-19. Despite the enormous success of vaccination campaigns, virus infections are still prevalent and effective antiviral therapies are urgently needed. Viroporins are essential for virus replication and release, and are thus promising therapeutic targets. Here, we studied the expression and function of recombinant ORF3a viroporin of SARS-CoV-2 using a combination of cell viability assays and patch-clamp electrophysiology. ORF3a was expressed in HEK293 cells and transport to the plasma membrane verified by a dot blot assay. Incorporation of a membrane-directing signal peptide increased plasma membrane expression. Cell viability tests were carried out to measure cell damage associated with ORF3a activity, and voltage-clamp recordings verified its channel activity. The classical viroporin inhibitors amantadine and rimantadine inhibited ORF3a channels. A series of ten flavonoids and polyphenolics were studied. Kaempferol, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, nobiletin, resveratrol and curcumin were ORF3a inhibitors, with IC50 values ranging between 1 and 6 µM, while 6-gingerol, apigenin, naringenin and genistein were inactive. For flavonoids, inhibitory activity could be related to the pattern of OH groups on the chromone ring system. Thus, the ORF3a viroporin of SARS-CoV-2 may indeed be a promising target for antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sherif Fam
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Christine Adel Sedky
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Nancy Osama Turky
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Hans-Georg Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Ulrike Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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8
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Cherian S, Hacisayidli KM, Kurian R, Mathews A. Therapeutically important bioactive compounds of the genus Polygonum L. and their possible interventions in clinical medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:301-327. [PMID: 36757388 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing literature data have suggested that the genus Polygonum L. possesses pharmacologically important plant secondary metabolites. These bioactive compounds are implicated as effective agents in preclinical and clinical practice due to their pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiaging, neuroprotective or immunomodulatory properties among many others. However, elaborate pharmacological and clinical data concerning the bioavailability, tissue distribution pattern, dosage and pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds are still scanty. KEY FINDINGS The major bioactive compounds implicated in the therapeutic effects of Polygonum genus include phenolic and flavonoid compounds, anthraquinones and stilbenes, such as quercetin, resveratrol, polydatin and others, and could serve as potential drug leads or as adjuvant agents. Data from in-silico network pharmacology and computational molecular docking studies are also highly helpful in identifying the possible drug target of pathogens or host cell machinery. SUMMARY We provide an up-to-date overview of the data from pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic profiles and preclinical (in-vitro and in-vivo) investigations and the available clinical data on some of the therapeutically important compounds of genus Polygonum L. and their medical interventions, including combating the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Cherian
- Indian Society for Plant Physiology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kushvar Mammadova Hacisayidli
- Department of Hygiene and Food Safety, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Azerbaijan State Agricultural University, Ganja City, Azerbaijan
| | - Renju Kurian
- Department of Pathology, Manipal University College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Allan Mathews
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
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Kasabe B, Ahire G, Patil P, Punekar M, Davuluri KS, Kakade M, Alagarasu K, Parashar D, Cherian S. Drug repurposing approach against chikungunya virus: an in vitro and in silico study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1132538. [PMID: 37180434 PMCID: PMC10174255 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1132538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. There are no licenced antivirals or vaccines for treatment or prevention. Drug repurposing approach has emerged as a novel concept to find alternative uses of therapeutics to battle pathogens. In the present study, anti CHIKV activity of fourteen FDA-approved drugs was investigated by in vitro and in silico approaches. Focus-forming unit assay, immunofluorescence test, and quantitative RT-PCR assay were used to assess the in vitro inhibitory effect of these drugs against CHIKV in Vero CCL-81 cells. The findings showed that nine compounds, viz., temsirolimus, 2-fluoroadenine, doxorubicin, felbinac, emetine, lomibuvir, enalaprilat, metyrapone and resveratrol exhibit anti chikungunya activity. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking studies performed by targeting CHIKV structural and non-structural proteins revealed that these drugs can bind to structural protein targets such as envelope protein, and capsid, and non-structural proteins NSP2, NSP3 and NSP4 (RdRp). Findings from in vitro and in silico studies reveal that these drugs can suppress the infection and replication of CHIKV and further in vivo studies followed by clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashri Kasabe
- Bioinformatics Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gunwant Ahire
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Poonam Patil
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhura Punekar
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kusuma Sai Davuluri
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahadeo Kakade
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kalichamy Alagarasu
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepti Parashar
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- *Correspondence: Deepti Parashar, ; Sarah Cherian,
| | - Sarah Cherian
- Bioinformatics Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- *Correspondence: Deepti Parashar, ; Sarah Cherian,
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10
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Triacetyl Resveratrol Inhibits PEDV by Inducing the Early Apoptosis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314499. [PMID: 36498827 PMCID: PMC9737061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PEDV represents an ancient Coronavirus still causing huge economic losses to the porcine breeding industry. Resveratrol has excellent antiviral effects. Triacetyl resveratrol (TCRV), a novel natural derivative of resveratrol, has been recently discovered, and its pharmacological effects need to be explored further. This paper aims to explore the relationship between PEDV and TCRV, which offers a novel strategy in the research of antivirals. In our study, Vero cells and IPEC-J2 cells were used as an in vitro model. First, we proved that TCRV had an obvious anti-PEDV effect and a strong inhibitory effect at different time points. Then, we explored the mechanism of inhibition of PEDV infection by TCRV. Our results showed that TCRV could induce the early apoptosis of PEDV-infected cells, in contrast to PEDV-induced apoptosis. Moreover, we observed that TCRV could promote the expression and activation of apoptosis-related proteins and release mitochondrial cytochrome C into cytoplasm. Based on these results, we hypothesized that TCRV induced the early apoptosis of PEDV-infected cells and inhibited PEDV infection by activating the mitochondria-related caspase pathway. Furthermore, we used the inhibitors Z-DEVD-FMK and Pifithrin-α (PFT-α) to support our hypothesis. In conclusion, the TCRV-activated caspase pathway triggered early apoptosis of PEDV-infected cells, thereby inhibiting PEDV infections.
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11
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Šunjka D, Mechora Š. An Alternative Source of Biopesticides and Improvement in Their Formulation-Recent Advances. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3172. [PMID: 36432901 PMCID: PMC9694139 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant protection in contemporary agriculture requires intensive pesticide application. Their use has enabled the increase in yields, simplifying cultivation systems and crop protection strategies, through successful control of harmful organisms. However, it has led to the accumulation of pesticides in agricultural products and the environment, contaminating the ecosystem and causing adverse health effects. Therefore, finding new possibilities for plant protection and effective control of pests without consequences for humans and the environment is imperative for agricultural production. The most important alternatives to the use of chemical plant protection products are biopesticides. However, in order to increase their application and availability, it is necessary to improve efficacy and stability through new active substances and improved formulations. This paper represents an overview of the recent knowledge in the field of biopesticides and discusses the possibilities of the use of some new active substances and the improvement of formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Šunjka
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Špela Mechora
- Agency for Radwaste Management, Litostrojska 58A, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Domi E, Hoxha M, Kolovani E, Tricarico D, Zappacosta B. The Importance of Nutraceuticals in COVID-19: What's the Role of Resveratrol? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082376. [PMID: 35458574 PMCID: PMC9030369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since COVID-19 has affected global public health, there has been an urgency to find a solution to limit both the number of infections, and the aggressiveness of the disease once infected. The main characteristic of this infection is represented by a strong alteration of the immune system which, day by day, increases the risk of mortality, and can lead to a multiorgan dysfunction. Because nutritional profile can influence patient’s immunity, we focus our interest on resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound known for its immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties. We reviewed all the information concerning the different roles of resveratrol in COVID-19 pathophysiology using PubMed and Scopus as the main databases. Interestingly, we find out that resveratrol may exert its role through different mechanisms. In fact, it has antiviral activity inhibiting virus entrance in cells and viral replication. Resveratrol also improves autophagy and decreases pro-inflammatory agents expression acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. It regulates immune cell response and pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevents the onset of thrombotic events that usually occur in COVID-19 patients. Since resveratrol acts through different mechanisms, the effect could be enhanced, making a totally natural agent particularly effective as an adjuvant in anti COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Domi
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Malvina Hoxha
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Entela Kolovani
- Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Rruga e Dibrës, 1005 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Bruno Zappacosta
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +355-42-273-290
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13
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Bahun M, Jukić M, Oblak D, Kranjc L, Bajc G, Butala M, Bozovičar K, Bratkovič T, Podlipnik Č, Poklar Ulrih N. Inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro main protease by plant polyphenols. Food Chem 2022; 373:131594. [PMID: 34838409 PMCID: PMC8592230 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of polyphenols in edible plants makes them an important component of human nutrition. Considering the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a number of studies have investigated polyphenols as bioactive constituents. We applied in-silico molecular docking as well as molecular dynamics supported by in-vitro assays to determine the inhibitory potential of various plant polyphenols against an important SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic target, the protease 3CLpro. Of the polyphenols in initial in-vitro screening, quercetin, ellagic acid, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and resveratrol showed IC50 values of 11.8 µM to 23.4 µM. In-silico molecular dynamics simulations indicated stable interactions with the 3CLpro active site over 100 ns production runs. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the binding of polyphenols to 3CLpro in real time. Therefore, we provide evidence for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro by natural plant polyphenols, and suggest further research into the development of these novel 3CLpro inhibitors or biochemical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Bahun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jukić
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Domen Oblak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Kranjc
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Bajc
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Butala
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Krištof Bozovičar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Bratkovič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Črtomir Podlipnik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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14
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Li J, Zeng X, Yang F, Wang L, Luo X, Liu R, Zeng F, Lu S, Huang X, Lei Y, Lan Y. Resveratrol: Potential Application in Sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:821358. [PMID: 35222035 PMCID: PMC8864164 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by host response disorders due to infection or infectious factors and is a common complication of patients with clinical trauma, burns, and infection. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol compound that is a SIRT-1 activator with anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal inhibitory abilities as well as cardiovascular and anti-tumor protective effects. In recent years, some scholars have applied resveratrol in animal models of sepsis and found that it has an organ protective effect and can improve the survival time and reduce the mortality of animals with sepsis. In this study, Medline (Pubmed), embase, and other databases were searched to retrieve literature published in 2021 using the keywords “resveratrol” and “sepsis,” and then the potential of resveratrol for the treatment of sepsis was reviewed and prospected to provide some basis for future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Zeng
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuxun Yang
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Luo
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongan Liu
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen Lu
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunping Lan
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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15
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Malviya S, Parihar A, Parihar DS, Khan R. Natural products as a therapy to combat against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC DESIGNING TO MITIGATE SARS-COV-2 INFECTION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9300459 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91172-6.00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) first reported in December 2019, has become serious global life-threatening disease that has created huge health care crises. Despite huge number of clinical trials for drug and vaccine, only few successful candidates are in market, which led to problem of demand and supply. The low- and middle-income countries faces major health crisis due to financial issues. Studies to search plant originated natural bioactive molecules for prophylactic and therapeutic of COVID-19 infection has gained considerable attention, due to their low-cost, easy availability and lesser side effects. Natural products and herbal medicine have long been known for their role in treating respiratory infections and many of them have been approved/under trial as drugs or over-the-counter food additives to lessen the symptoms. It is undisputable fact that herbal/natural molecules’ medicine is still a promising resource and used as precursor for drug discovery to search prospective prophylactic candidate against COVID-19. These bioactive compounds bind with potential therapeutic target of SARS-COV-2 such as ACE II, Spike protein, TMPRESS, RdRp, Main proteases and endoribonuclease and may prevent or at least slow down the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, several numbers of clinical trials have registered to investigate the potentials of natural product to halt disease progression. The main aim of present chapter is to discuss the potential role of natural molecules which can be used as therapeutic drugs for treatment of COVID-19 and thus helpful to curb down the mortality rate.
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16
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Ahluwalia MK. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics-A personalized approach to nutrition. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:277-340. [PMID: 34844714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has been on an upward trajectory for some time and this puts an enormous burden on the healthcare expenditure. Lifestyle modifications including dietary interventions hold an immense promise to manage and prevent these diseases. Recent advances in genomic research provide evidence that focussing these efforts on individual variations in abilities to metabolize nutrients (nutrigenetics) and exploring the role of dietary compounds on gene expression (nutrigenomics and nutri-epigenomics) can lead to more meaningful personalized dietary strategies to promote optimal health. This chapter aims to provide examples on these gene-diet interactions at multiple levels to support the need of embedding targeted dietary interventions as a way forward to prevent, avoid and manage diseases.
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17
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Baranwal M, Gupta Y, Dey P, Majaw S. Antiinflammatory phytochemicals against virus-induced hyperinflammatory responses: Scope, rationale, application, and limitations. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6148-6169. [PMID: 34816512 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammatory responses or cytokine storm associated with viral infections results in deleterious consequences such as vascular leakage, severe hemorrhage, shock, immune paralysis, multi-organ failure, and even death. With the emerging new viral infections and lack of effective prophylactic vaccines, evidence-based complementary strategies that limit viral infection-mediated hyperinflammatory responses could be a promising approach to limit host tissue injury. The present review emphasizes the potentials of antiinflammatory phytochemicals in limiting hyperinflammatory injury caused by viral infections. The predominant phytochemicals along with their mechanism in limiting hyperimmune and pro-inflammatory responses under viral infection have been reviewed comprehensively. How certain phytochemicals can be effective in limiting hyper-inflammatory response indirectly by favorably modulating gut microbiota and maintaining a functional intestinal barrier has also been presented. Finally, we have discussed improved systemic bioavailability of phytochemicals, efficient delivery strategies, and safety measures for effective antiinflammatory phytotherapies, in addition to emphasizing the requirement of tightly controlled clinical studies to establish the antiinflammatory efficacy of the phytochemicals. Collectively, the review provides a scooping overview on the potentials of bioactive phytochemicals to mitigate pro-inflammatory injury associated with viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Yogita Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Suktilang Majaw
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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18
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Shagufta, Ahmad I. An Update on Pharmacological Relevance and Chemical Synthesis of Natural Products and Derivatives with Anti SARS-CoV-2 Activity. ChemistrySelect 2021; 6:11502-11527. [PMID: 34909460 PMCID: PMC8661826 DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural products recognized traditionally as a vital source of active constituents in pharmacotherapy. The COVID-19 infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible, pathogenic, and considered an ongoing global health emergency. The emergence of COVID-19 globally and the lack of adequate treatment brought attention towards herbal medicines, and scientists across the globe instigated the search for novel drugs from medicinal plants and natural products to tackle this deadly virus. The natural products rich in scaffold diversity and structural complexity are an excellent source for antiviral drug discovery. Recently the investigation of several natural products and their synthetic derivatives resulted in the identification of promising anti SARS-CoV-2 agents. This review article will highlight the pharmacological relevance and chemical synthesis of the recently discovered natural product and their synthetic analogs as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. The summarized information will pave the path for the natural product-based drug discovery of safe and potent antiviral agents, particularly against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta
- Department of Mathematics and Natural SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesAmerican University of Ras Al KhaimahRas Al Khaimah Road, P. O. Box10021Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Natural SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesAmerican University of Ras Al KhaimahRas Al Khaimah Road, P. O. Box10021Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
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19
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Yan ZB, Liang JL, Niu FX, Shen YP, Liu JZ. Enhanced Production of Pterostilbene in Escherichia coli Through Directed Evolution and Host Strain Engineering. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:710405. [PMID: 34690954 PMCID: PMC8530161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.710405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a derivative of resveratrol with a higher bioavailability and biological activity, which shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiaging activities. Here, directed evolution and host strain engineering were used to improve the production of pterostilbene in Escherichia coli. First, the heterologous biosynthetic pathway enzymes of pterostilbene, including tyrosine ammonia lyase, p-coumarate: CoA ligase, stilbene synthase, and resveratrol O-methyltransferase, were successively directly evolved through error-prone polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Four mutant enzymes with higher activities of in vivo and in vitro were obtained. The directed evolution of the pathway enzymes increased the pterostilbene production by 13.7-fold. Then, a biosensor-guided genome shuffling strategy was used to improve the availability of the precursor L-tyrosine of the host strain E. coli TYR-30 used for the production of pterostilbene. A shuffled E. coli strain with higher L-tyrosine production was obtained. The shuffled strain harboring the evolved pathway produced 80.04 ± 5.58 mg/l pterostilbene, which is about 2.3-fold the highest titer reported in literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Yan
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Biomedical Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Long Liang
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Biomedical Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Xing Niu
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Biomedical Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ping Shen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Biomedical Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Biomedical Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Singh S, Kola P, Kaur D, Singla G, Mishra V, Panesar PS, Mallikarjunan K, Krishania M. Therapeutic Potential of Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in the Prevention of Viral Diseases: A Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:679312. [PMID: 34604272 PMCID: PMC8484310 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.679312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, despite enormous scientific advances, viral diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity worldwide, and their potential to spread is escalating, eventually turning into pandemics. Nutrition can play a major role in supporting the immune system of the body and for the optimal functioning of the cells of the immune system. A healthy diet encompassing vitamins, multi-nutrient supplements, functional foods, nutraceuticals, and probiotics can play a pivotal role in combating several viral invasions in addition to strengthening the immune system. This review provides comprehensive information on diet-based scientific recommendations, evidence, and worldwide case studies in light of the current pandemic and also with a particular focus on virus-induced respiratory tract infections. After reviewing the immune potential of nutraceuticals based on the lab studies and on human studies, it was concluded that bioactive compounds such as nutraceuticals, vitamins, and functional foods (honey, berries, etc.) with proven antiviral efficacy, in addition to pharmaceutical medication or alone as dietary supplements, can prove instrumental in treating a range of virus-induced infections in addition to strengthening the immune system. Milk proteins and peptides can also act as adjuvants for the design of more potent novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India
| | - Prithwish Kola
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India
| | - Dalveer Kaur
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India
| | - Gisha Singla
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India.,Food Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology Longowal, Longowal, India
| | - Vibhu Mishra
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India
| | - Parmjit S Panesar
- Food Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology Longowal, Longowal, India
| | - Kumar Mallikarjunan
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Meena Krishania
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India
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21
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Resveratrol as an Adjunctive Therapy for Excessive Oxidative Stress in Aging COVID-19 Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091440. [PMID: 34573071 PMCID: PMC8471532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to burden healthcare systems worldwide. COVID-19 symptoms are highly heterogeneous, and the patient may be asymptomatic or may present with mild to severe or fatal symptoms. Factors, such as age, sex, and comorbidities, are key determinants of illness severity and progression. Aging is accompanied by multiple deficiencies in interferon production by dendritic cells or macrophages in response to viral infections, resulting in dysregulation of inflammatory immune responses and excess oxidative stress. Age-related dysregulation of immune function may cause a more obvious pathophysiological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly patients and may accelerate the risk of biological aging, even after recovery. For more favorable treatment outcomes, inhibiting viral replication and dampening inflammatory and oxidative responses before induction of an overt cytokine storm is crucial. Resveratrol is a potent antioxidant with antiviral activity. Herein, we describe the reasons for impaired interferon production, owing to aging, and the impact of aging on innate and adaptive immune responses to infection, which leads to inflammation distress and immunosuppression, thereby causing fulminant disease. Additionally, the molecular mechanism by which resveratrol could reverse a state of excessive basal inflammatory and oxidative stress and low antiviral immunity is discussed.
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22
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The Mediterranean dietary pattern for optimising health and performance in competitive athletes: a narrative review. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1285-1298. [PMID: 34420536 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition plays a key role in training for, and competing in, competitive sport, and is essential for reducing risk of injury and illness, recovering and adapting between bouts of activity, and enhancing performance. Consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been demonstrated to reduce risk of various non-communicable diseases and increase longevity. Following the key principles of a MedDiet could also represent a useful framework for good nutrition in competitive athletes under most circumstances, with potential benefits for health and performance parameters. In this review, we discuss the potential effects of a MedDiet, or individual foods and compounds readily available in this dietary pattern, on oxidative stress and inflammation, injury and illness risk, vascular and cognitive function, and exercise performance in competitive athletes. We also highlight potential modifications which could be made to the MedDiet (whilst otherwise adhering to the key principles of this dietary pattern) in accordance with contemporary sports nutrition practices, to maximise health and performance effects. In addition, we discuss potential directions for future research.
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Cardoso EOC, Fine N, Glogauer M, Johnson F, Goldberg M, Golub LM, Tenenbaum HC. The Advent of COVID-19; Periodontal Research Has Identified Therapeutic Targets for Severe Respiratory Disease; an Example of Parallel Biomedical Research Agendas. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.674056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by rapid virus replication and aggressive inflammatory responses that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) only a few days after the onset of symptoms. It is suspected that a dysfunctional immune response is the main cause of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced lung destruction and mortality due to massive infiltration of hyperfunctional neutrophils in these organs. Similarly, neutrophils are recruited constantly to the oral cavity to combat microorganisms in the dental biofilm and hyperfunctional neutrophil phenotypes cause destruction of periodontal tissues when periodontitis develops. Both disease models arise because of elevated host defenses against invading organisms, while concurrently causing host damage/disease when the immune cells become hyperfunctional. This represents a clear nexus between periodontal and medical research. As researchers begin to understand the link between oral and systemic diseases and their potential synergistic impact on general health, we argue that translational research from studies in periodontology must be recognized as an important source of information that might lead to different therapeutic options which can be effective for the management of both oral and non-oral diseases. In this article we connect concepts from periodontal research on oral inflammation while exploring host modulation therapy used for periodontitis as a potential strategy for the prevention of ARDS a deadly outcome of COVID-19. We suggest that host modulation therapy, although developed initially for management of periodontitis, and which inhibits proteases, cytokines, and the oxidative stress that underlie ARDS, will provide an effective and safe treatment for COVID-19.
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Rossi GA, Sacco O, Capizzi A, Mastromarino P. Can Resveratrol-Inhaled Formulations Be Considered Potential Adjunct Treatments for COVID-19? Front Immunol 2021; 12:670955. [PMID: 34093569 PMCID: PMC8172170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an extraordinary threat to the global healthcare system. This infection disease, named COVID-19, is characterized by a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic or mild upper respiratory tract illness to severe viral pneumonia with fulminant cytokine storm, which leads to respiratory failure. To improve patient outcomes, both the inhibition of viral replication and of the unwarranted excessive inflammatory response are crucial. Since no specific antiviral drug has been proven effective for the treatment of patients and the only upcoming promising agents are monoclonal antibodies, inexpensive, safe, and widely available treatments are urgently needed. A potential anti-inflammatory molecule to be evaluated, which possesses antiviral activities in several experimental models, is the polyphenol resveratrol. This compound has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures and to downregulate several pathogenetic mechanisms involved in COVID-19 severity. The use of resveratrol in clinical practice is limited by the low bioavailability following oral administration, due to the pharmacokinetic and metabolic characteristics of the molecule. Therefore, topical administration through inhaled formulations could allow us to achieve sufficiently high concentrations of the compound in the airways, the entry route of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonary Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Oliviero Sacco
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonary Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonino Capizzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonary Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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GPCR_LigandClassify.py; a rigorous machine learning classifier for GPCR targeting compounds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9510. [PMID: 33947911 PMCID: PMC8097070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study describes the construction of various ligand-based machine learning models to be used for drug-repurposing against the family of G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). In building these models, we collected > 500,000 data points, encompassing experimentally measured molecular association data of > 160,000 unique ligands against > 250 GPCRs. These data points were retrieved from the GPCR-Ligand Association (GLASS) database. We have used diverse molecular featurization methods to describe the input molecules. Multiple supervised ML algorithms were developed, tested and compared for their accuracy, F scores, as well as for their Matthews' correlation coefficient scores (MCC). Our data suggest that combined with molecular fingerprinting, ensemble decision trees and gradient boosted trees ML algorithms are on the accuracy border of the rather sophisticated deep neural nets (DNNs)-based algorithms. On a test dataset, these models displayed an excellent performance, reaching a ~ 90% classification accuracy. Additionally, we showcase a few examples where our models were able to identify interesting connections between known drugs from the Drug-Bank database and members of the GPCR family of receptors. Our findings are in excellent agreement with previously reported experimental observations in the literature. We hope the models presented in this paper synergize with the currently ongoing interest of applying machine learning modeling in the field of drug repurposing and computational drug discovery in general.
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Sander WJ, Fourie C, Sabiu S, O'Neill FH, Pohl CH, O'Neill HG. Reactive oxygen species as potential antiviral targets. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2240. [PMID: 33949029 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of cellular metabolism and can be either beneficial, at low levels, or deleterious, at high levels, to the cell. It is known that several viral infections can increase oxidative stress, which is mainly facilitated by viral-induced imbalances in the antioxidant defence mechanisms of the cell. While the exact role of ROS in certain viral infections (adenovirus and dengue virus) remains unknown, other viruses can use ROS for enhancement of pathogenesis (SARS coronavirus and rabies virus) or replication (rhinovirus, West Nile virus and vesicular stomatitis virus) or both (hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus). While several viral proteins (mainly for hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus) have been identified to play a role in ROS formation, most mediators of viral ROS modulation are yet to be elucidated. Treatment of viral infections, including hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus, with ROS inhibitors has shown a decrease in both pathogenesis and viral replication both in vitro and in animal models. Clinical studies indicating the potential for targeting ROS-producing pathways as possible broad-spectrum antiviral targets should be evaluated in randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J Sander
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Corinne Fourie
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Frans H O'Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H Pohl
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Hester G O'Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Maranduba CP, Souza GT, do Carmo AMR, de Campos JMS, Raposo NRB, de Olivera Santos M, da Costa Maranduba CM, de Sá Silva F. Effects of resveratrol on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of deciduous dental pulp stem cells from neurofibromatosis type 1 patient. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:1095-1101. [PMID: 33216171 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed at verifying whether resveratrol can decrease cell proliferation and change osteogenic differentiation of cells obtained from patients with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1). METHODS Deciduous dental pulp derived stem cells were isolated from NF1 patient and healthy volunteer. These cells were subjected to increasing concentrations of resveratrol and evaluated for proliferation and mineralization of osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS The results showed that resveratrol reduced the difference in proliferation between CNT and NF1 cells in a dose-dependent manner and this property was more prominent in affected cells than in healthy cells. Resveratrol showed no statistically significant changes in mineralization in osteogenic differentiation of NF1 cells, at low doses tested. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in a dose-dependent manner, resveratrol displays interesting properties that could be applied in a possible treatment aimed at decreasing cellular proliferation in neurofibromatosis. Furthermore, it is selective concerning healthy cells and not affecting cell differentiation. Further research to cell selectivity, differentiation to other tissue types, and cell cytotoxicity are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudinéia Pereira Maranduba
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Cell Therapy, Biology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Torres Souza
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Cell Therapy, Biology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - José Marcelo Sallabert de Campos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Nádia Rezende Barbosa Raposo
- Center of Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (NUPICS), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Olivera Santos
- Basic Life Sciences Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, 35020-670, Brazil
| | - Carlos Magno da Costa Maranduba
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernando de Sá Silva
- Basic Life Sciences Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, 35020-670, Brazil
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Benedetti F, Sorrenti V, Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Scapagnini G, Zella D. Resveratrol, Rapamycin and Metformin as Modulators of Antiviral Pathways. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121458. [PMID: 33348714 PMCID: PMC7766714 DOI: 10.3390/v12121458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced nutrition and appropriate dietary interventions are fundamental in the prevention and management of viral infections. Additionally, accurate modulation of the inflammatory response is necessary to achieve an adequate antiviral immune response. Many studies, both in vitro with mammalian cells and in vivo with small animal models, have highlighted the antiviral properties of resveratrol, rapamycin and metformin. The current review outlines the mechanisms of action of these three important compounds on the cellular pathways involved with viral replication and the mechanisms of virus-related diseases, as well as the current status of their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Benedetti
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | | | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (D.Z.)
| | - Davide Zella
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (D.Z.)
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Giovinazzo G, Gerardi C, Uberti-Foppa C, Lopalco L. Can Natural Polyphenols Help in Reducing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients? Molecules 2020; 25:E5888. [PMID: 33322757 PMCID: PMC7763290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 first emerged in China during late 2019 and rapidly spread all over the world. Alterations in the inflammatory cytokines pathway represent a strong signature during SARS-COV-2 infection and correlate with poor prognosis and severity of the illness. The hyper-activation of the immune system results in an acute severe systemic inflammatory response named cytokine release syndrome (CRS). No effective prophylactic or post-exposure treatments are available, although some anti-inflammatory compounds are currently in clinical trials. Studies of plant extracts and natural compounds show that polyphenols can play a beneficial role in the prevention and the progress of chronic diseases related to inflammation. The aim of this manuscript is to review the published background on the possible effectiveness of polyphenols to fight SARS-COV-2 infection, contributing to the reduction of inflammation. Here, some of the anti-inflammatory therapies are discussed and although great progress has been made though this year, there is no proven cytokine blocking agents for COVID currently used in clinical practice. In this regard, bioactive phytochemicals such as polyphenols may become promising tools to be used as adjuvants in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Such nutrients, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, associated to classical anti-inflammatory drugs, could help in reducing the inflammation in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Giovinazzo
- CNR-ISPA, Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Carmela Gerardi
- CNR-ISPA, Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | | | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Rajendran M, Roy S, Ravichandran K, Mishra B, Gupta DK, Nagarajan S, Arul Selvaraj RC, Provaznik I. In silico screening and molecular dynamics of phytochemicals from Indian cuisine against SARS-CoV-2 M Pro. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3155-3169. [PMID: 33200680 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1845980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 cause fatal infection in 213 countries accounting for the death of millions of people globally. In the present study, phytochemicals from spices were assessed for their ability to interact with SARS-CoV-2 MPro. Structure based virtual screening was performed with 146 phytochemicals from spices using Autodock Vina. Phytochemicals with binding energy ≥ -8.0 kcal/mol were selected to understand their interaction with MPro. Virtual screening was further validated by performing molecular docking to generate favorable docked poses and the participation of important amino acid residues. Molecular dynamics simulation for the docked poses was performed to study thermodynamic properties of the protein, ligand and protein-ligand complexes. The finding shows that cinnamtannin B2 and cyanin showed favorable binding affinity values with SARS-CoV-2 MPro. The results are comparable in terms of docked poses, important amino acid participation and thermodynamic properties with the standard control drugs remdesivir, benazepril and hydroxychloroquine diphosphate. Prime MM-GBSA was employed for end-point binding energy calculation. Binding to domain I and II of MPro were mediated through the OH, SH, NH2 and non-polar side chain of amino acids. Cinnamtannin B2 and cyanin binds to MPro with many sub sites within the active site with RMSD and RMSF within 4 Å. The results computed using Prime MM-GBSA show that cinnamtannin B2 (-68.54940214 kcal/mol) and cyanin (-62.1902835 kcal/mol) have better binding affinity in comparison to hydroxychloroquine diphosphate (-54.00912412 kcal/mol) and benazepril (-53.70242369 kcal/mol). The results provide a basis for exploiting cinnamtannin B2 and cyanin as a starting point potential candidate for the development of drug against SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Rajendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudeep Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Keerthana Ravichandran
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Subash Nagarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ivo Provaznik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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31
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Role of the DNA-Binding Protein pA104R in ASFV Genome Packaging and as a Novel Target for Vaccine and Drug Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040585. [PMID: 33023005 PMCID: PMC7712801 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent incursions of African swine fever (ASF), a severe, highly contagious, transboundary viral disease that affects members of the Suidae family, in Europe and China have had a catastrophic impact on trade and pig production, with serious implications for global food security. Despite efforts made over past decades, there is no vaccine or treatment available for preventing and controlling the ASF virus (ASFV) infection, and there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies. Genome condensation and packaging are essential processes in the life cycle of viruses. The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. pA104R is a highly conserved HU/IHF-like DNA-packaging protein identified in the ASFV nucleoid that appears to be profoundly involved in the spatial organization and packaging of the ASFV genome. Here, we briefly review the components of the ASFV packaging machinery, the structure, function, and phylogeny of pA104R, and its potential as a target for vaccine and drug development.
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Riggioni C, Comberiati P, Giovannini M, Agache I, Akdis M, Alves‐Correia M, Antó JM, Arcolaci A, Azkur AK, Azkur D, Beken B, Boccabella C, Bousquet J, Breiteneder H, Carvalho D, De las Vecillas L, Diamant Z, Eguiluz‐Gracia I, Eiwegger T, Eyerich S, Fokkens W, Gao Y, Hannachi F, Johnston SL, Jutel M, Karavelia A, Klimek L, Moya B, Nadeau KC, O'Hehir R, O'Mahony L, Pfaar O, Sanak M, Schwarze J, Sokolowska M, Torres MJ, Veen W, Zelm MC, Wang DY, Zhang L, Jiménez‐Saiz R, Akdis CA. A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. Allergy 2020; 75:2503-2541. [PMID: 32535955 PMCID: PMC7323196 DOI: 10.1111/all.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, China reported the first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has developed into a pandemic. To date, it has resulted in ~9 million confirmed cases and caused almost 500 000 related deaths worldwide. Unequivocally, the COVID‐19 pandemic is the gravest health and socioeconomic crisis of our time. In this context, numerous questions have emerged in demand of basic scientific information and evidence‐based medical advice on SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19. Although the majority of the patients show a very mild, self‐limiting viral respiratory disease, many clinical manifestations in severe patients are unique to COVID‐19, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, a “cytokine storm” leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, endothelitis, thromboembolic complications, and multiorgan failure. The epidemiologic features of COVID‐19 are distinctive and have changed throughout the pandemic. Vaccine and drug development studies and clinical trials are rapidly growing at an unprecedented speed. However, basic and clinical research on COVID‐19–related topics should be based on more coordinated high‐quality studies. This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19, and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development, and epidemiology. A total of 150 questions were answered by experts in the field providing a comprehensive and practical overview of COVID‐19 and allergic disease.
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Al-Horani RA, Kar S. Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics That Target the Post-Entry Stages of the Viral Life Cycle: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2020; 12:E1092. [PMID: 32993173 PMCID: PMC7600245 DOI: 10.3390/v12101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to challenge health care systems around the world. Scientists and pharmaceutical companies have promptly responded by advancing potential therapeutics into clinical trials at an exponential rate. Initial encouraging results have been realized using remdesivir and dexamethasone. Yet, the research continues so as to identify better clinically relevant therapeutics that act either as prophylactics to prevent the infection or as treatments to limit the severity of COVID-19 and substantially decrease the mortality rate. Previously, we reviewed the potential therapeutics in clinical trials that block the early stage of the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize potential anti-COVID-19 therapeutics that block/inhibit the post-entry stages of the viral life cycle. The review presents not only the chemical structures and mechanisms of the potential therapeutics under clinical investigation, i.e., listed in clinicaltrials.gov, but it also describes the relevant results of clinical trials. Their anti-inflammatory/immune-modulatory effects are also described. The reviewed therapeutics include small molecules, polypeptides, and monoclonal antibodies. At the molecular level, the therapeutics target viral proteins or processes that facilitate the post-entry stages of the viral infection. Frequent targets are the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the viral proteases such as papain-like protease (PLpro) and main protease (Mpro). Overall, we aim at presenting up-to-date details of anti-COVID-19 therapeutics so as to catalyze their potential effective use in fighting the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A. Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
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Marinella MA. Indomethacin and resveratrol as potential treatment adjuncts for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13535. [PMID: 32412158 PMCID: PMC7261995 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19) has led to unprecedented challenges for the global healthcare system. This novel coronavirus disease phenotype ranges from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant cytokine storm with respiratory failure, polyorgan dysfunction and death. Severe disease is characterised by exuberant inflammation resulting from high circulating cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor. These inflammatory mediators are responsible for the detrimental effects on the immune, hematologic, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal and other body systems. In addition to inhibition of viral replication, blunting this inflammatory response before overt cytokine storm is important to improve outcomes. Although there are upcoming promising agents such as remdesivir and convalescent plasma, inexpensive, safe and widely available adjunct treatments to ameliorate disease burden would be welcome. Two potential anti-inflammatory agents include indomethacin, which has been shown in experimental models to decrease canine coronavirus levels in dogs and exhibit antiviral activity against several other viruses and the polyphenol, resveratrol, a potent antioxidant that has shown antiviral activity against several viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Marinella
- Division of Hematology/OncologyWright State University School of MedicineDaytonOHUSA
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35
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Elucidating the Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol and Its Structural Analogs on Selected Nucleotide-Related Enzymes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091223. [PMID: 32842666 PMCID: PMC7563984 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, the most widely studied natural phytochemical, has been shown to interact with different target proteins. Previous studies show that resveratrol binds and inhibits DNA polymerases and some other enzymes; however, the binding and functioning mechanisms remain unknown. The elucidated knowledge of inhibitory mechanisms of resveratrol will assist us in new drug discovery. We utilized molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to reveal how resveratrol and structurally similar compounds bind to various nucleotide-dependent enzymes, specifically, DNA polymerases, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and ribonucleotide reductase. The results show that resveratrol and its analogs exert their inhibitory effects by competing with the substrate dNTPs in these enzymes and blocking elongation of chain polymerization. In addition, the results imply that resveratrol binds to a variety of other ATP-/NTP-binding proteins.
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Rohilla S. Designing therapeutic strategies to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 disease: COVID-19. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:12-26. [PMID: 33216381 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A highly contagious coronavirus disease COVID-19 caused by a recently identified severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) initially detected in Wuhan, China has spread worldwide and become a major health crisis in the absence of specific vaccine or antiviral drugs. SARS-CoV-2 infection has resulted in overwhelming number of reported deaths. Unfortunately it is still spreading uncontrollably despite implementing stringent protective measures. Rapid development of effective therapeutic strategies for treatment and prevention of infection is crucially required. Although genomic characterization has assisted in unfolding various aspects of SARS-CoV-2 but development of specific antiviral drugs and vaccine against COVID-19 is still a worldwide challenge. Understanding the disease pathological course underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is imperative to identify the vital targets for drug development. SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter the host cell and primarily target type II alveolar cells. COVID-19 disease progression is associated with distressed immune functions and hyper active inflammatory system leading to development of cytokine storm which is a vital factor involved in disease advancement. The current review elucidates the disease pathology and summarizes the possible therapeutic options to battle against COVID-19 on the basis of current state of understanding about SARS-CoV-2 pathogenic pathways and knowledge gained from previous SARS and MERS-CoV epidemics. Therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent infection as well as to suppress the disease progression to reduce severity and mortality rate is discussed. Drug candidates currently under consideration and undergoing clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Rohilla
- SGT College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India
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Pandey P, Rane JS, Chatterjee A, Kumar A, Khan R, Prakash A, Ray S. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of COVID-19 with naturally occurring phytochemicals: an in silico study for drug development. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6306-6316. [PMID: 32698689 PMCID: PMC7441770 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1796811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spike glycoprotein, a class I fusion protein harboring the surface of SARS-CoV-2
(SARS-CoV-2S), plays a seminal role in the viral infection starting from recognition of
the host cell surface receptor, attachment to the fusion of the viral envelope with the
host cells. Spike glycoprotein engages host Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
receptors for entry into host cells, where the receptor recognition and attachment of
spike glycoprotein to the ACE2 receptors is a prerequisite step and key determinant of the
host cell and tissue tropism. Binding of spike glycoprotein to the ACE2 receptor triggers
a cascade of structural transitions, including transition from a metastable pre-fusion to
a post-fusion form, thereby allowing membrane fusion and internalization of the virus.
From ancient times people have relied on naturally occurring substances like
phytochemicals to fight against diseases and infection. Among these phytochemicals,
flavonoids and non-flavonoids have been the active sources of different anti-microbial
agents. We performed molecular docking studies using 10 potential naturally occurring
compounds (flavonoids/non-flavonoids) against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and compared
their affinity with an FDA approved repurposed drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Further, our
molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and energy landscape studies with fisetin, quercetin,
and kamferol revealed that these molecules bind with the hACE2-S complex with low binding
free energy. The study provided an indication that these molecules might have the
potential to perturb the binding of hACE2-S complex. In addition, ADME analysis also
suggested that these molecules consist of drug-likeness property, which may be further
explored as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Pandey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Jitendra Subhash Rane
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Aroni Chatterjee
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Virus Research Laboratory, NICED, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijeet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, India
| | - Rajni Khan
- Motihari College of Engineering, Motihari, India
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Shashikant Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, India
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Han YJ, Ren ZG, Li XX, Yan JL, Ma CY, Wu DD, Ji XY. Advances and challenges in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1803-1810. [PMID: 32714083 PMCID: PMC7378666 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading rapidly throughout the world. Previously, there were two outbreaks of severe coronavirus caused by different coronaviruses worldwide, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This article introduced the origin, virological characteristics and epidemiological overview of SARS-CoV-2, reviewed the currently known drugs that may prevent and treat coronavirus, explained the characteristics of the new coronavirus and provided novel information for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Han
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Clinical Laboratory and Functional Laboratory, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Ren
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Clinical Laboratory and Functional Laboratory, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Ji-Liang Yan
- Clinical Laboratory and Functional Laboratory, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ma
- Clinical Laboratory and Functional Laboratory, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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Annunziata F, Pinna C, Dallavalle S, Tamborini L, Pinto A. An Overview of Coumarin as a Versatile and Readily Accessible Scaffold with Broad-Ranging Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4618. [PMID: 32610556 PMCID: PMC7370201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Privileged structures have been widely used as an effective template for the research and discovery of high value chemicals. Coumarin is a simple scaffold widespread in Nature and it can be found in a considerable number of plants as well as in some fungi and bacteria. In the last years, these natural compounds have been gaining an increasing attention from the scientific community for their wide range of biological activities, mainly due to their ability to interact with diverse enzymes and receptors in living organisms. In addition, coumarin nucleus has proved to be easily synthetized and decorated, giving the possibility of designing new coumarin-based compounds and investigating their potential in the treatment of various diseases. The versatility of coumarin scaffold finds applications not only in medicinal chemistry but also in the agrochemical field as well as in the cosmetic and fragrances industry. This review is intended to be a critical overview on coumarins, comprehensive of natural sources, metabolites, biological evaluations and synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Annunziata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Cecilia Pinna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (A.P.)
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De Luca D, Lauritano C. In Silico Identification of Type III PKS Chalcone and Stilbene Synthase Homologs in Marine Photosynthetic Organisms. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E110. [PMID: 32456002 PMCID: PMC7284882 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Marine microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms at the base of the marine food webs. They are characterized by huge taxonomic and metabolic diversity and several species have been shown to have bioactivities useful for the treatment of human pathologies. However, the compounds and the metabolic pathways responsible for bioactive compound synthesis are often still unknown. In this study, we aimed at analysing the microalgal transcriptomes available in the Marine Microbial Eukaryotic Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP) database for an in silico search of polyketide synthase type III homologs and, in particular, chalcone synthase (CHS) and stilbene synthase (STS), which are often referred to as the CHS/STS family. These enzymes were selected because they are known to produce compounds with biological properties useful for human health, such as cancer chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-viral and anti-diabetic. In addition, we also searched for 4-Coumarate: CoA ligase, an upstream enzyme in the synthesis of chalcones and stilbenes. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of these enzymes in specific microalgal taxa, confirming the importance for microalgae of these pathways and giving new insights into microalgal physiology and possible biotechnological applications for the production of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Luca
- Department of Humanities, Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa, CAP80135 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 Naples, Italy
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Baldassarre ME, Di Mauro A, Labellarte G, Pignatelli M, Fanelli M, Schiavi E, Mastromarino P, Capozza M, Panza R, Laforgia N. Resveratrol plus carboxymethyl-β-glucan in infants with common cold: A randomized double-blind trial. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03814. [PMID: 32322697 PMCID: PMC7172624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate effectiveness of a nasal resveratrol/carboxymethyl-β-glucan solution compared to nasal saline solution: a) on common cold symptoms by means of a validated measure scale (CARIFS score), b) on Rhinovirus infection and CCL2, CCL5, IL8, IL6, CXCL10 and TLR2 expression in nasal swabs, c) on frequency of relapses after 30 days of follow-up. Methods 89 infants with respiratory infection symptoms were randomly assigned to receive either a nasal resveratrol/carboxymethyl-β-glucan solution or nasal saline solution. All patients were evaluated with CARIFS score at enrollment, after 48 h, 7 and 30 days by physicians and parents. Nasal swabs were obtained at enrollment, after 48 h and after one week. Results CARIFS score improved in both groups. Episodes of sneezing and cough were fewer in study group after 7 days of follow-up (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found on nasopharyngeal swabs in Rhinovirus detection and cytokines expression after 48 h, nor in 30 days relapses. TLR2 expression was significantly higher in Rhinovirus infected children of the study group. No adverse effects occurred. Conclusions These data suggest that a solution containing resveratrol plus carboxymethyl-β-glucan might have a positive impact on both clinical and socio-economic burden due to infant common cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Mauro
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Grazia Labellarte
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Pignatelli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Margherita Fanelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Elisa Schiavi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00100, Italy
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00100, Italy
| | - Manuela Capozza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Raffaella Panza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
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Shang X, Lin K, Yu R, Zhu P, Zhang Y, Wang L, Xu J, Chen K. Resveratrol Protects the Myocardium in Sepsis by Activating the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (PI3K)/AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Pathway and Inhibiting the Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9290-9298. [PMID: 31806860 PMCID: PMC6911307 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis combined with myocardial injury is an important cause of septic shock and multiple organ failure. However, the molecular mechanism of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction has not yet been thoroughly studied. Resveratrol has been an important research topic due its organ-protection function, but the specific mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of organ injury in sepsis and to investigate the molecular mechanism of resveratrol in myocardial protection in sepsis. Material/Methods A classical Sprague-Dawley rat model of sepsis peritonitis was constructed for further experiments. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and resveratrol were used to intervene in a rat model of cardiomyopathy. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the level of maker proteins. Results The PI3K inhibitors could promote cardiac abnormalities and apoptosis, but resveratrol showed the opposite effect. The upregulation function of the PI3K inhibitor on the expression of NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TLR4 in LPS rats was not obvious, but the expression of TNF-α in LPS+LY294002 rats was increased by 22.85% compared with that in LPS rats (P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and TLR4 in the LPS+resveratrol group was decreased. The expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in LPS+LY294002 was reduced. The expression p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in the myocardium of the LPS+resveratrol group was increased. Conclusions Resveratrol can protect the myocardium in sepsis by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and related inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Kaiyang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Rongguo Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial, Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Jingqing Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
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Synthesis of Stilbene and Chalcone Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus by SBA-15 Supported Hoveyda-Grubbs Metathesis. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9120983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stilbene and chalcone derivatives with biological activity against influenza A virus have been synthesized by self-, cross-, and ring-closing metathesis procedures. The reactions were performed under environmentally friendly conditions using the second generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst Aquamet SiPr after immobilization on Santa Barbara Amorphous mesoporous silicate SBA-15. Irrespective from the experimental conditions, the heterogeneous catalyst showed activity and selectivity comparable than the homogeneous counterpart for at least six successive runs without appreciable leaching of the active species. An appreciable antiviral activity against influenza A virus for some of the novel derivatives were observed, mainly involving the early stage of the virus-replication life-cycle.
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Vestergaard M, Ingmer H. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of resveratrol. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 53:716-723. [PMID: 30825504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic antioxidant that has received massive attention for its potential health benefits, including anticarcinogenesis, anti-aging and antimicrobial properties. The compound is well tolerated by humans and in recent years has been widely used as a nutraceutical. Its common use makes it interesting to investigate with respect to antimicrobial properties both as a single agent and in combination with conventional antibiotics. Resveratrol displays antimicrobial activity against a surprisingly wide range of bacterial, viral and fungal species. At subinhibitory concentrations, resveratrol can alter bacterial expression of virulence traits leading to reduced toxin production, inhibition of biofilm formation, reduced motility and interference with quorum sensing. In combination with conventional antibiotics, resveratrol enhances the activity of aminoglycosides against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas it antagonises the lethal activity of fluoroquinolones against S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Whilst the antimicrobial properties of the compound have been extensively studied in vitro, little is known about its efficacy in vivo. Nonetheless, following topical application resveratrol has alleviated acne lesions caused by the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. There are currently no in vivo studies addressing its effect in combination with antibiotics, but recent research suggests that there may be a potential for enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of certain existing antibiotic classes in combination with resveratrol. Given the difficulties associated with introducing new antimicrobial agents to the market, nutraceuticals such as resveratrol may prove to be interesting candidates when searching for solutions for the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vestergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Devnarain N, Soliman MES. Molecular mechanism of resveratrol inhibition of Zika virus NS3 helicase: behind the scenes. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Zika virus (ZIKV) still poses a health risk to women and their babies without US FDA-approved vaccines or treatments. Experimentation has proved resveratrol inhibition of ZIKV NS3 helicase without specifying the molecular events during inhibition. Materials & methods: Herein, we leaped forward to study the molecular dynamics of the bound and unbound enzyme, identifying precise binding residues and interactions, and the enzyme's adaptation to support binding, since loop dynamics affect viral RNA replication. Results: Resveratrol stabilizes the P-loop and causes the RNA-binding loop to block the RNA-binding pocket for 200 ns, which is concurrent with experimental evidence that resveratrol binding significantly reduces ATP hydrolysis activity. Conclusion: This study illuminates the structural dynamics of ZIKV helicase and druglikeness of resveratrol, which will advance anti-ZIKV drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Devnarain
- Molecular Bio-computation & Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud ES Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation & Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Chen Y, Xu R. Context-sensitive network analysis identifies food metabolites associated with Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory study. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:17. [PMID: 30704467 PMCID: PMC6357669 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) initiation, progression and outcomes. Previous studies have shown individual food-derived substances may have neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects. However, few works systematically investigate the role of food and food-derived metabolites on the development and progression of AD. METHODS In this study, we systematically investigated 7569 metabolites and identified AD-associated food metabolites using a novel network-based approach. We constructed a context-sensitive network to integrate heterogeneous chemical and genetic data, and to model context-specific inter-relationships among foods, metabolites, human genes and AD. RESULTS Our metabolite prioritization algorithm ranked 59 known AD-associated food metabolites within top 4.9%, which is significantly higher than random expectation. Interestingly, a few top-ranked food metabolites were specifically enriched in herbs and spices. Pathway enrichment analysis shows that these top-ranked herb-and-spice metabolites share many common pathways with AD, including the amyloid processing pathway, which is considered as a hallmark in AD-affected brains and has pathological roles in AD development. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the first unbiased systems approach to characterizing the effects of food and food-derived metabolites in AD pathogenesis. Our ranking approach prioritizes the known AD-associated food metabolites, and identifies interesting relationships between AD and the food group "herbs and spices". Overall, our study provides intriguing evidence for the role of diet, as an important environmental factor, in AD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Saqib U, Kelley TT, Panguluri SK, Liu D, Savai R, Baig MS, Schürer SC. Polypharmacology or Promiscuity? Structural Interactions of Resveratrol With Its Bandwagon of Targets. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1201. [PMID: 30405416 PMCID: PMC6207623 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3, 4', 5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural phytoalexin found in grapes and has long been thought to be the answer to the "French Paradox." There is no shortage of preclinical and clinical studies investigating the broad therapeutic activity of resveratrol. However, in spite of many comprehensive reviews published on the bioactivity of resveratrol, there has yet to be a report focused on the variety and complexity of its structural binding properties, and its multi-targeted role. An improved understanding of disease mechanisms at the systems level has enabled targeted polypharmacology to mature into a rational drug discovery approach. Unlike traditional hit-to-lead campaigns that typically optimize activity and selectivity for a single target, polypharmacological drugs aim to selectively target multiple proteins, while avoiding critical off target interactions. This strategy bears promise of improved efficacy and reduced clinical attrition. This review seeks to investigate whether the bioactivity of resveratrol is due to a polypharmacological effect or promiscuity of the phenolic small molecule by examining the modes of binding with its diverse collection of protein targets. We focused on annotated targets, identified via the ChEMBL database, and matched these targets to a representative structure deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), as crystal structures are most informative in understanding modes of binding at the atomic level. We discuss the structural aspects of resveratrol itself that permits binding to multiple proteins in various signaling pathways. Furthermore, we suggest that resveratrol's bioactivity is a result of scaffold promiscuity rather than polypharmacology, and the variety of binding modes across targets display little similarity in the pattern of target interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saqib
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Tanya T. Kelley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Siva K. Panguluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mirza S. Baig
- Discipline of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Stephan C. Schürer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
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Monjo ALA, Pringle ES, Thornbury M, Duguay BA, Monro SMA, Hetu M, Knight D, Cameron CG, McFarland SA, McCormick C. Photodynamic Inactivation of Herpes Simplex Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100532. [PMID: 30274257 PMCID: PMC6213367 DOI: 10.3390/v10100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections can be treated with direct acting antivirals like acyclovir and foscarnet, but long-term use can lead to drug resistance, which motivates research into broadly-acting antivirals that can provide a greater genetic barrier to resistance. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) employs a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen to create a local burst of reactive oxygen species that inactivate microorganisms. The botanical plant extract OrthoquinTM is a powerful photosensitizer with antimicrobial properties. Here we report that Orthoquin also has antiviral properties. Photoactivated Orthoquin inhibited herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection of target cells in a dose-dependent manner across a broad range of sub-cytotoxic concentrations. HSV inactivation required direct contact between Orthoquin and the inoculum, whereas pre-treatment of target cells had no effect. Orthoquin did not cause appreciable damage to viral capsids or premature release of viral genomes, as measured by qPCR for the HSV-1 genome. By contrast, immunoblotting for HSV-1 antigens in purified virion preparations suggested that higher doses of Orthoquin had a physical impact on certain HSV-1 proteins that altered protein mobility or antigen detection. Orthoquin PDI also inhibited the non-enveloped adenovirus (AdV) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas Orthoquin-mediated inhibition of the enveloped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was light-independent. Together, these findings suggest that the broad antiviral effects of Orthoquin-mediated PDI may stem from damage to viral attachment proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L-A Monjo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Eric S Pringle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Mackenzie Thornbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, V-541 Pavillon Roger Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Brett A Duguay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Susan M A Monro
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.
- Photodynamic, Inc., 1344 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H 0A8, Canada.
| | - Marc Hetu
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.
- Photodynamic, Inc., 1344 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H 0A8, Canada.
| | - Danika Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Colin G Cameron
- Photodynamic, Inc., 1344 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H 0A8, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 301 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Photodynamic, Inc., 1344 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H 0A8, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 301 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.
| | - Craig McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy (MHE) is characterized by an impairment of social interaction, emotional behavior, sleep disorders, physical and mental symptoms, and diminished Quality of Life (QoL). The aim of our study is evaluating the potential liver health promoting a perspective of Resveratrol (RV) activities and evaluate whether RV treatment may improve health related quality of life (HRQL) and reduce depression and anxiety in patients with MHE. METHODS We evaluated depression using the Beck Depression Inventory test, anxiety with State-trait anxiety inventory test, quality of life through SF-36 test, and ammonia serum levels in 70 MHE patients that were randomized into two groups. RESULTS In the comparison between RV group and placebo group we observed a decrease in Back Depression Inventory (BDI) (p < 0.001), in State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) (p < 0.001), and improve in physical function (p < 0.001), in role physical (p < 0.05), in body pain (p < 0.05), in general health (p < 0.001), in vitality (p < 0.05), and in social function (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol showed efficacy in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and ammonia serum levels, and improved the quality of life Of MHE patients.
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