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Zhao X, Hu H, Sun K, Liang W, Wang Z, Jin X, Wang S. Actoeside mitigated the renal proximal tubule cells damage triggered by high glucose through miR-766/VCAM1/NF-κB signalling pathway. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1177-1186. [PMID: 34338087 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1920983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetic nephropathy (DN) triggered by diabetes mellitus is one of the primary causes of end-stage renal failure worldwide. OBJECTIVE This study intends to explore the function and potential mechanism of actoeside on renal proximal tubule (HK-2) cells damage induced by high-glucose (HG). METHODS The DN model was established in HK-2 cells with 30 mM HG treatment. The viability, apoptosis and inflammation of HK-2 cells were analysed severally via CCK-8, flow cytomery and ELISA. The key factors related to NF-κB were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Actoeside attenuated the HG-induced HK-2 cells damage. The differentially expression of miR-766 and VCAM1 in DN patients was reversed by actoeside. Moreover, the increased phosphorylation levels of p65 NF-κB/IκBα induced by HG were attenuated by actoeside. CONCLUSIONS Actoeside promoted the growth and repressed the apoptosis and inflammation of HK-2 cells via miR-766/VCAM1/NF-κB signalling pathway, affording a promising idea for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo City, PR China
| | - Honglei Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo City, PR China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Nephropathy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo City, PR China
| | - Wenlong Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo City, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo City, PR China
| | - Xingqian Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo City, PR China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo City, PR China
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Zhang X, Luo Z, Li J, Lin Y, Li Y, Li W. Sestrin2 in diabetes and diabetic complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1274686. [PMID: 37920252 PMCID: PMC10619741 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1274686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem which is accompanied with multi-systemic complications. It is of great significance to elucidate the pathogenesis and to identify novel therapies of diabetes and diabetic complications. Sestrin2, a stress-inducible protein, is primarily involved in cellular responses to various stresses. It plays critical roles in regulating a series of cellular events, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Researches investigating the correlations between Sestrin2, diabetes and diabetic complications are increasing in recent years. This review incorporates recent findings, demonstrates the diverse functions and regulating mechanisms of Sestrin2, and discusses the potential roles of Sestrin2 in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications, hoping to highlight a promising therapeutic direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zirui Luo
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxuan Lin
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Cipriano A, Viviano M, Feoli A, Milite C, Sarno G, Castellano S, Sbardella G. NADPH Oxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Current Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11632-11655. [PMID: 37650225 PMCID: PMC10510401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) form a family of electron-transporting membrane enzymes whose main function is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Strong evidence suggests that ROS produced by NOX enzymes are major contributors to oxidative damage under pathologic conditions. Therefore, blocking the undesirable actions of these enzymes is a therapeutic strategy for treating various pathological disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. To date, identification of selective NOX inhibitors is quite challenging, precluding a pharmacologic demonstration of NOX as therapeutic targets in vivo. The aim of this Perspective is to furnish an updated outlook about the small-molecule NOX inhibitors described over the last two decades. Structures, activities, and in vitro/in vivo specificity are discussed, as well as the main biological assays used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cipriano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feoli
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuliana Sarno
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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4
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Huang F, Ren X, Yuan B, Yang W, Xu L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Geng M, Li X, Zhang F, Xu J, Zhu W, Ren S, Meng L, Lu S. Systemic Mutation of Ncf1 Ameliorates Obstruction-Induced Renal Fibrosis While Macrophage-Rescued NCF1 Further Alleviates Renal Fibrosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023. [PMID: 37392014 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Aims: NCF1, a subunit of the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), first described the expression in neutrophils and macrophages and participated in the pathogenesis from various systems. However, there are controversial findings on the role of NCF1 in different kinds of kidney diseases. In this study, we aim to pinpoint the specific role of NCF1 in the progression of renal fibrosis induced by obstruction. Results: In this study, NCF1 expression was upregulated in kidney biopsies of chronic kidney disease patients. The expression level of all subunits of the NOX2 complex was also significantly increased in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidney. Then, we used wild-type mice and Ncf1 mutant mice (Ncf1m1j mice) to perform UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Results demonstrated that Ncf1m1j mice exhibited mild renal fibrosis but increased macrophages count and CD11b+Ly6Chi macrophage proportion. Next, we compared the renal fibrosis degree between Ncf1m1j mice and Ncf1 macrophage-rescued mice (Ncf1m1j.Ncf1Tg-CD68 mice). We found that rescuing NCF1 expression in macrophages further alleviated renal fibrosis and decreased macrophage infiltration in the UUO kidney. In addition, flow cytometry data showed fewer CD11b+Ly6Chi macrophages in the kidney of the Ncf1m1j.Ncf1Tg-CD68 group than the Ncf1m1j group. Innovation: We first used the Ncf1m1j mice and Ncf1m1j.Ncf1Tg-CD68 mice to detect the role of NCF1 in the pathological process of renal fibrosis induced by obstruction. Also, we found that NCF1 expressed in different cell types exerts opposing effects on obstructive nephropathy. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings support that systemic mutation of Ncf1 ameliorates renal fibrosis induced by obstruction, and rescuing NCF1 in macrophages further alleviates renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumeng Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bingyu Yuan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lexuan Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Manman Geng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuting Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liesu Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Pan Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang Z, He Y, Zhao Q, Yang H, Zhou P. A proteoglycan isolated from Ganoderma lucidum attenuates diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting oxidative stress-induced renal fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116405. [PMID: 36966849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) was regarded as "miraculous herb" by the Chinese and recorded detailly in the "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" as a tonic to improve health and prolong life. A proteoglycan (namely, FYGL) was extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, which was a water-soluble hyperbranched proteoglycan, and was found to be able to protect pancreatic tissue against oxidative stress damage. AIM OF THE STUDY Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a complication of diabetes, but the effective treatment is still lack. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients induce the accumulation of ROS, which injure the renal tissue and lead to the renal dysfunction. In this work, the efficacy and target mechanics of FYGL on diabetic renal function were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, the mechanism of the reno-protection of FYGL was analyzed on diabetic db/db mice and rat glomerular mesangial cells (HBZY-1) induced by high glucose (HG) with palmitate (PA) (HG/PA). In vitro, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated by commercial kits. the expressions of NOX1 and NOX4, phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB, and pro-fibrotic proteins were measured by Western blot. In vivo, diabetic db/db mice were gavaged with FYGL for 8 weeks, body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were tested weekly. On 8th week, the serum, urine and renal tissue were collected for glucose tolerance test (OGTT), redox indicator (SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA), lipid metabolism (TC, TG, LDL and HDL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), uric acid (UA), 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the changes of histopathology and expression of collagen IV and AGEs. RESULTS The results in vitro showed that FYGL significantly inhibited the HG/PA-induced HBZY-1 cells proliferation, ROS generation, MDA production, promoted SOD activity, and suppressed NOX1, NOX4, MAPK, NF-κB, and pro-fibrotic proteins expression. In addition, FYGL markedly alleviated blood glucose, antioxidant activity and lipid metabolism, improved renal functions, and relieved renal histopathological abnormalities, especially renal fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of FYGL can reduce ROS caused by diabetes and protect renal from oxidative stress-induced dysfunction, thereby improving renal function. This study shows that FYGL has the potential to treat diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, PR China
| | - Yanming He
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, PR China
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, PR China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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6
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Wang D, Li J, Luo G, Zhou J, Wang N, Wang S, Zhao R, Cao X, Ma Y, Liu G, Hao L. Nox4 as a novel therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102781. [PMID: 37321060 PMCID: PMC10363438 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications can affect both microvascular and macrovascular. Diabetic microvascular complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, are believed to be caused by oxidative stress. The Nox family of NADPH oxidases is a significant source of reactive oxygen species and plays a crucial role in regulating redox signaling, particularly in response to high glucose and diabetes mellitus. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the role of Nox4 and its regulatory mechanisms in diabetic microangiopathies. Especially, the latest novel advances in the upregulation of Nox4 that aggravate various cell types within diabetic kidney disease will be highlighted. Interestingly, this review also presents the mechanisms by which Nox4 regulates diabetic microangiopathy from novel perspectives such as epigenetics. Besides, we emphasize Nox4 as a therapeutic target for treating microvascular complications of diabetes and summarize drugs, inhibitors, and dietary components targeting Nox4 as important therapeutic measures in preventing and treating diabetic microangiopathy. Additionally, this review also sums up the evidence related to Nox4 and diabetic macroangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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7
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Zhong Y, Wang L, Jin R, Liu J, Luo R, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Peng X. Diosgenin Inhibits ROS Generation by Modulating NOX4 and Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain and Suppresses Apoptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. Nutrients 2023; 15:2164. [PMID: 37432297 PMCID: PMC10181383 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin (DIO) is a dietary steroid sapogenin possessing multiple biological functions, such as the amelioration of diabetes. However, the remission effect of DIO on diabetic nephropathy (DN) underlying oxidative stress and cell apoptosis remains unclear. Here, the effect of DIO on ROS generation and its induced cell apoptosis was studied in vitro and in vivo. Renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were treated with DIO (1, 2, 4 µM) under high glucose (HG, 30 mM) conditions. DN rats were induced by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin, followed by administration of DIO for 8 weeks. Our data suggested that DIO relieved the decline of HK-2 cell viability and renal pathological damage in DN rats. DIO also relieved ROS (O2- and H2O2) production. Mechanistically, DIO inhibited the expression of NOX4 and restored mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex I-V expressions. Further, DIO inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis by ameliorating mitochondrial membrane potential (MtMP) and down-regulating the expressions of CytC, Apaf-1, caspase 3, and caspase 9, while up-regulating Bcl2 expression. Moreover, the ER stress and its associated cell apoptosis were inhibited through decreasing PERK, p-PERK, ATF4, IRE1, p-CHOP, and caspase 12 expressions. Collectively, DIO inhibited ROS production by modulating NOX4 and MRC complexes, which then suppressed apoptosis regulated by mitochondria and ER stress, thereby attenuating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ruyi Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ruilin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yinghan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Qinling National Botanical Garden, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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8
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Uddandrao VVS, Parim B, Ramavat R, Pothani S, Vadivukkarasi S, P P, P C, Ganapathy S. Effect of S-allylcysteine against diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of MEK1/2-ERK1/2-RSK2 signalling pathway in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:213-221. [PMID: 32862702 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1811731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the current study, we evaluated the ameliorative effect of S-allylcysteine (SAC) against streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NAD)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats and also an attempt was made to establish the molecular mechanism of SAC. METHODS DN rats were orally supplemented with SAC (150 mg/kg body weight) for a period of 45 days and the effect of SAC on urinary albumin excretion, metabolic parameters, and tubular injury biomarkers by ELISA, total levels and phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and RSK2 by western blotting analysis in control and experimental rats were assessed. RESULTS From this study, we observed that SAC considerably decreased polydipsia, poly urea, polyphagia, albuminuria and the levels of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, transforming growth factor-β1 and SAC effectively altered the pathological changes in DN rats. SAC also reserved renal cortical phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and RSK2. CONCLUSION Hence this study recommended that SAC can successfully protect the DN through regulation of MEK1/2-ERK1/2-RSK2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| | - Brahmanaidu Parim
- National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (ICMR-NARFBR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravindarnaik Ramavat
- National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (ICMR-NARFBR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh Pothani
- National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (ICMR-NARFBR), Hyderabad, India
| | - S Vadivukkarasi
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| | - Ponmurugan P
- Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Chandrasekaran P
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| | - Saravanan Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
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9
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de Oliveira MG, Monica FZ, Passos GR, Victorio JA, Davel AP, Oliveira ALL, Parada CA, D’Ancona CAL, Hill WG, Antunes E. Selective Pharmacological Inhibition of NOX2 by GSK2795039 Improves Bladder Dysfunction in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010092. [PMID: 36670953 PMCID: PMC9854480 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic inflammatory disease without consistently effective treatment. Among the many mediators implicated in cystitis, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems to play a key role, although the main source of ROS remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms in ROS generation and the voiding dysfunction of cyclophosphamide (CYP, 300 mg/Kg, ip, 24 h)-induced cystitis in adult female mice, a well-recognized animal model to study IC/BPS, by using GKT137831 (5 mg/Kg, ip, three times in a 24 h period) or GSK2795039 (5 mg/Kg, ip, three times in a 24 h period) to inhibit NOX1/4 or NOX2, respectively. Our results showed that treatment with GSK2795039 improved the dysfunctional voiding behavior induced by CYP, reduced bladder edema and inflammation, and preserved the urothelial barrier integrity and tight junction occludin expression, besides inhibiting the characteristic vesical pain and bladder superoxide anion generation. In contrast, the NOX1/4 inhibitor GKT137831 had no significant protective effects. Taken together, our in vivo and ex vivo data demonstrate that NOX2 is possibly the main source of ROS observed in cystitis-induced CYP in mice. Therefore, selective inhibition of NOX2 by GSK2795039 may be a promising target for future therapies for IC/BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G. de Oliveira
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexander Fleming St., Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-9555
| | - Fabíola Z. Monica
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexander Fleming St., Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela R. Passos
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexander Fleming St., Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
| | - Jamaira A. Victorio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna Lethicia Lima Oliveira
- Laboratory of the Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Parada
- Laboratory of the Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. L. D’Ancona
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
| | - Warren G. Hill
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexander Fleming St., Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
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10
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Li X, Wu J, Xu F, Chu C, Li X, Shi X, Zheng W, Wang Z, Jia Y, Xiao W. Use of Ferulic Acid in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186010. [PMID: 36144745 PMCID: PMC9503003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease mainly characterized by hyperglycemia, is becoming a serious social health problem worldwide with growing prevalence. Many natural compounds have been found to be effective in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, with negligible toxic effects. Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic compound commonly found in medicinal herbs and the daily diet, was proved to have several pharmacological effects such as antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant actions, which are beneficial to the management of diabetes and its complications. Data from PubMed, EM-BASE, Web of Science and CNKI were searched with the keywords ferulic acid and diabetes mellitus. Finally, 28 articles were identified after literature screening, and the research progress of FA for the management of DM and its complications was summarized in the review, in order to provide references for further research and medical applications of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chun Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinyi Shi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (W.X.)
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (W.X.)
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11
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Wang X, Murugesan P, Zhang P, Xu S, Peng L, Wang C, Cai H. NADPH Oxidase Isoforms in COPD Patients and Acute Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice: Induction of Oxidative Stress and Lung Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081539. [PMID: 36009258 PMCID: PMC9405243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which represents the third leading cause of death worldwide. CS induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to pulmonary inflammation and remodeling. NADPH oxidases (NOXs) represent essential sources of ROS production in the cardiovascular system. Whether and how NOX isoforms are activated in COPD patients and in response to acute cigarette smoke (ACS) remains incompletely understood. In the present study, the expression of NOX isoforms was examined in the lungs of end-stage COPD patients. In addition, mice silenced of NOX1 or NOX4 expression using in vivo RNA interference (RNAi), and NOX2-deficient (NOX2−/y) mice, were exposed to ACS for 1 h using a standard TE-10B smoking machine. In lung sections isolated from COPD patients undergoing lung transplantation, protein expression of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, or NOX5 was markedly upregulated compared to non-smoking donor controls. Likewise, ACS upregulated protein expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4, production of ROS, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and KC in the mouse lung. In vivo RNAi knockdown of NOX1 or NOX4 decreased ACS induced ROS production, inflammatory cell influx, and the expression of TNF-α and KC, which were accompanied by inhibition of the NF-κB-COX-2 axis. Although ACS induced ROS production was reduced in the lungs of NOX2−/y mice, inflammatory cell influx and expression of NF-κB/COX-2 were increased. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that NOX isoforms 1, 2, 4 and 5 all remain activated in end-stage COPD patients, while NOX1 and NOX4 mediate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in response to acute cigarette smoke. Therefore, targeting different isoforms of NOX might be necessary to treat COPD at different stages of the disease, which represents novel mechanistic insights enabling improved management of the devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Priya Murugesan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Hua Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (H.C.)
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12
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Aboolian A, Urner S, Roden M, Jha JC, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Diabetic Kidney Disease: From Pathogenesis to Novel Treatment Possibilities. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 274:269-307. [PMID: 35318511 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the microvascular complications of diabetes is diabetic kidney disease (DKD), often leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD) in which patients require costly dialysis or transplantation. The silent onset and irreversible progression of DKD are characterized by a steady decline of the estimated glomerular filtration rate, with or without concomitant albuminuria. The diabetic milieu allows the complex pathophysiology of DKD to enter a vicious cycle by inducing the synthesis of excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. As no cure is available, intensive research is required to develop novel treatments possibilities. This chapter provides an overview of the important pathomechanisms identified in diabetic kidney disease, the currently established therapies, as well as recently developed novel therapeutic strategies in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Aboolian
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofia Urner
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jay Chandra Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Yuan Q, Tang B, Zhang C. Signaling pathways of chronic kidney diseases, implications for therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:182. [PMID: 35680856 PMCID: PMC9184651 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Lipotoxicity and oxidative stress are the driving force for the loss of nephron including tubules, glomerulus, and endothelium. NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, and RAAS signaling involves in lipotoxicity. The upregulated Nox expression and the decreased Nrf2 expression result in oxidative stress directly. The injured renal resident cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to recruit immune cells such as macrophages from bone marrow. NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and cGAS-STING signaling are major signaling pathways that mediate inflammation in inflammatory cells including immune cells and injured renal resident cells. The inflammatory cells produce and secret a great number of profibrotic cytokines such as TGF-β1, Wnt ligands, and angiotensin II. TGF-β signaling, Wnt signaling, RAAS signaling, and Notch signaling evoke the activation of myofibroblasts and promote the generation of ECM. The potential therapies targeted to these signaling pathways are also introduced here. In this review, we update the key signaling pathways of lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and myofibroblasts activation in kidneys with chronic injury, and the targeted drugs based on the latest studies. Unifying these pathways and the targeted therapies will be instrumental to advance further basic and clinical investigation in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ben Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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14
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Jha JC, Dai A, Garzarella J, Charlton A, Urner S, Østergaard JA, Okabe J, Holterman CE, Skene A, Power DA, Ekinci EI, Coughlan MT, Schmidt HHHW, Cooper ME, Touyz RM, Kennedy CR, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Independent of Renox, NOX5 Promotes Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis in Diabetes by Activating ROS-Sensitive Pathways. Diabetes 2022; 71:1282-1298. [PMID: 35275988 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here, we provide key findings demonstrating the predominant pathological role of the pro-oxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) in DKD, independent of the previously characterized NOX4 pathway. In patients with diabetes, we found increased expression of renal NOX5 in association with enhanced ROS formation and upregulation of ROS-sensitive factors early growth response 1 (EGR-1), protein kinase C-α (PKC-α), and a key metabolic gene involved in redox balance, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). In preclinical models of DKD, overexpression of NOX5 in Nox4-deficient mice enhances kidney damage by increasing albuminuria and augmenting renal fibrosis and inflammation via enhanced ROS formation and the modulation of EGR1, TXNIP, ERK1/2, PKC-α, and PKC-ε. In addition, the only first-in-class NOX inhibitor, GKT137831, appears to be ineffective in the presence of NOX5 expression in diabetes. In vitro, silencing of NOX5 in human mesangial cells attenuated upregulation of EGR1, PKC-α, and TXNIP induced by high glucose levels, as well as markers of inflammation (TLR4 and MCP-1) and fibrosis (CTGF and collagens I and III) via reduction in ROS formation. Collectively, these findings identify NOX5 as a superior target in human DKD compared with other NOX isoforms such as NOX4, which may have been overinterpreted in previous rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aozhi Dai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Garzarella
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amelia Charlton
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofia Urner
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jakob A Østergaard
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jun Okabe
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chet E Holterman
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Skene
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Power
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Chris R Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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15
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Negative regulators of TGF-β1 signaling in renal fibrosis; pathological mechanisms and novel therapeutic opportunities. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:275-303. [PMID: 33480423 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is causatively linked to kidney fibrosis progression initiated by diabetic, hypertensive, obstructive, ischemic and toxin-induced injury. Therapeutically relevant approaches to directly target the TGF-β1 pathway (e.g., neutralizing antibodies against TGF-β1), however, remain elusive in humans. TGF-β1 signaling is subjected to extensive negative control at the level of TGF-β1 receptor, SMAD2/3 activation, complex assembly and promoter engagement due to its critical role in tissue homeostasis and numerous pathologies. Progressive kidney injury is accompanied by the deregulation (loss or gain of expression) of several negative regulators of the TGF-β1 signaling cascade by mechanisms involving protein and mRNA stability or epigenetic silencing, further amplifying TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling and fibrosis. Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 6 and 7 (BMP6/7), SMAD7, Sloan-Kettering Institute proto-oncogene (Ski) and Ski-related novel gene (SnoN), phosphate tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), protein phosphatase magnesium/manganese dependent 1A (PPM1A) and Klotho are dramatically decreased in various nephropathies in animals and humans albeit with different kinetics while the expression of Smurf1/2 E3 ligases are increased. Such deregulations frequently initiate maladaptive renal repair including renal epithelial cell dedifferentiation and growth arrest, fibrotic factor (connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), TGF-β1) synthesis/secretion, fibroproliferative responses and inflammation. This review addresses how loss of these negative regulators of TGF-β1 pathway exacerbates renal lesion formation and discusses the therapeutic value in restoring the expression of these molecules in ameliorating fibrosis, thus, presenting novel approaches to suppress TGF-β1 hyperactivation during chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.
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16
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Wang X, Wu T, Ma H, Huang X, Huang K, Ye C, Zhu S. VX-765 ameliorates inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation by inhibiting the NOX1/ROS/NF-κB pathway in diabetic nephropathy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:377-386. [PMID: 34383065 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the potential role of a highly selective caspase-1 inhibitor, VX-765, on extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS DN rats, induced via high-fat diet/streptozotocin, were used to assess the effects of VX-765. Parallel experiments were carried out on rat mesangial cell line HBZY-1 exposed to high glucose (HG) to reveal the molecular mechanism of VX-765 in preventing DN. Survival analysis, biochemical parameters and renal oxidative stress of rats were observed, and Western blotting and immunofluorescence were evaluated. In vitro, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX)1 silencing by RNA interference and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were conducted in HBZY-1 cells exposed to HG levels. KEY FINDINGS In vivo, VX-765 significantly reduced the increase in urine albumin excretion and ECM accumulation. The phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phosphorylation of NF-κB and the expression of the NOX1 gene or protein were significantly decreased in HBZY-1 with VX-765 (5 μM) treatment in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that VX-765 exerts favourable effects on DN via the simultaneous alleviation of systemic metabolic syndrome and down-regulating the renal NOX1/ROS/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that it has therapeutic potential for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiesong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiyuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunxiao Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Zhang L, Jing M, Liu Q. Crocin alleviates the inflammation and oxidative stress responses associated with diabetic nephropathy in rats via NLRP3 inflammasomes. Life Sci 2021; 278:119542. [PMID: 33915128 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Currently, drugs for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) are lacking. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of crocin on DN. MAIN METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ), and changes in metabolism and renal parameters after crocin treatment were measured. Dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence and superoxide generation were used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat renal tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure changes inflammation-related factors with crocin treatment. In addition, the expression of Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway components was detected by western blot analysis, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS Crocin lowered blood sugar, increased serum insulin levels, and improved diabetes-related symptoms, including kidney dysfunction. Masson trichrome staining revealed that crocin could improve renal tissue fibrosis caused by hyperglycemia. Moreover, crocin inhibited ROS production in renal tissues and generally inhibited the production of the proinflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18. Crocin exerted these functions by inhibiting the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DN rats. SIGNIFICANCE Crocin alleviates DN related oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes. Our results provide a new target for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjuan Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China.
| | - Mengmeng Jing
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
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18
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Gifford CC, Lian F, Tang J, Costello A, Goldschmeding R, Samarakoon R, Higgins PJ. PAI-1 induction during kidney injury promotes fibrotic epithelial dysfunction via deregulation of klotho, p53, and TGF-β1-receptor signaling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21725. [PMID: 34110636 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002652rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis leads to chronic kidney disease, which affects over 15% of the U.S. population. PAI-1 is highly upregulated in the tubulointerstitial compartment in several common nephropathies and PAI-1 global ablation affords protection from fibrogenesis in mice. The precise contribution of renal tubular PAI-1 induction to disease progression, however, is unknown and surprisingly, appears to be independent of uPA inhibition. Human renal epithelial (HK-2) cells engineered to stably overexpress PAI-1 underwent dedifferentiation (E-cadherin loss, gain of vimentin), G2/M growth arrest (increased p-Histone3, p21), and robust induction of fibronectin, collagen-1, and CCN2. These cells are also susceptible to apoptosis (elevated cleaved caspase-3, annexin-V positivity) compared to vector controls, demonstrating a previously unknown role for PAI-1 in tubular dysfunction. Persistent PAI-1 expression results in a loss of klotho expression, p53 upregulation, and increases in TGF-βRI/II levels and SMAD3 phosphorylation. Ectopic restoration of klotho in PAI-1-transductants attenuated fibrogenesis and reversed the proliferative defects, implicating PAI-1 in klotho loss in renal disease. Genetic suppression of p53 reversed the PA1-1-driven maladaptive repair, moreover, confirming a pathogenic role for p53 upregulation in this context and uncovering a novel role for PAI-1 in promoting renal p53 signaling. TGF-βRI inhibition also attenuated PAI-1-initiated epithelial dysfunction, independent of TGF-β1 ligand synthesis. Thus, PAI-1 promotes tubular dysfunction via klotho reduction, p53 upregulation, and activation of the TGF-βRI-SMAD3 axis. Since klotho is an upstream regulator of both PAI-1-mediated p53 induction and SMAD3 signaling, targeting tubular PAI-1 expression may provide a novel, multi-level approach to the therapy of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody C Gifford
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Fei Lian
- Division of Urology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Angelica Costello
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rohan Samarakoon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Division of Urology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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19
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Prattichizzo F, de Candia P, Ceriello A. Diabetes and kidney disease: emphasis on treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. Metabolism 2021; 120:154799. [PMID: 34029597 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease is a frequent microvascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Historic trials have demonstrated that a tight glycaemic control is the most powerful approach to decrease the chances of developing diabetic nephropathy. However, having an HbA1c < 7% does not completely suppress the risk of kidney disease. The observed residual risk is likely ascribable to two phenomena: 1- the presence of risk factors and alterations additive to and independent of glycaemia, and 2- the activation of long-lasting imbalances by periods of exposure to uncontrolled glycemia, a phenomenon referred to as metabolic memory or legacy effect. Long-lasting oxidative stress, epigenetic alterations, cellular senescence, and the resulting chronic low-grade inflammation are all candidate mechanisms explaining the development of nephropathy despite proper control of risk factors. Recently, two classes of drugs, i.e. glucagon-like peptide (GLP) 1 receptor agonists (RA) and sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-i) have changed this scenario. Indeed, cardiovascular outcome and other trials have clearly shown a renoprotective effect for these drugs, well-beyond their glucose-lowering properties. In this review, we summarize: 1- selected key trials and mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic kidney disease and 2- the results relative to renal endpoints in clinical trials of GLP-1 RA and SGLT-2i. Then, we briefly discuss some of the hypotheses posited to explain the marked renoprotective properties of these two classes, evidencing the still existing gaps in knowledge and proposing future directions to further implement the use of these powerful, disease-modifying drugs.
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Sassetti E, Clausen MH, Laraia L. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Reactive Oxygen Species Production. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5252-5275. [PMID: 33856791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in physiological cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis by acting as signaling molecules or regulators of transcription factors. The maintenance of appropriate cellular ROS levels is termed redox homeostasis, a balance between their production and neutralization. High concentrations of ROS may contribute to severe pathological events including cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, approaches to target the sources of ROS production directly in order to develop tool compounds or potential therapeutics have been explored. Herein, we briefly outline the major sources of cellular ROS production and comprehensively review the targeting of these by small-molecule inhibitors. We critically assess the value of ROS inhibitors with different mechanisms-of-action, including their potency, mode-of-action, known off-target effects, and clinical or preclinical status, while suggesting future avenues of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sassetti
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads H Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luca Laraia
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Nakamichi R, Hayashi K, Itoh H. Effects of High Glucose and Lipotoxicity on Diabetic Podocytes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010241. [PMID: 33467659 PMCID: PMC7830342 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular podocytes are highly differentiated cells that cover glomerular capillaries from the outside and have a characteristic morphology with numerous foot processes. The formation of slit membranes between the foot processes serves as a final filtration barrier for urine filtration from the blood. Podocyte damage causes disruption of the slit membrane, subsequent proteinuria and finally glomerulosclerosis, which is a common pathway in various types of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In recent years, there has been an increase in diabetes, due to rapid lifestyle changes, which is the main cause of CKD. Therefore, understanding the effect of diabetic status on podocytes is of great importance to establish a strategy for preventing CKD progression. In this review, we summarize altered glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic podocytes and also discuss the reversibility of the changes in podocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaori Hayashi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5363-3796; Fax: +81-3-3359-2745
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22
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Charlton A, Garzarella J, Jandeleit-Dahm KAM, Jha JC. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Renal and Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes. BIOLOGY 2020; 10:biology10010018. [PMID: 33396868 PMCID: PMC7830433 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to micro- and macro-vascular complications, including renal and cardiovascular disease. These alone, or in combination, are a major cause of premature morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Despite advances in glucose lowering treatments, these diabetic complications are still inadequately prevented or reversed. This ongoing cardiovascular–renal burden in diabetes poses a heavy cost on the health care system. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective treatments. In this review, we discuss how oxidative stress and inflammation induce and perpetuate the renal and cardiovascular complications of diabetes. It is particularly important to understand these driving mechanisms in order to elucidate pharmacological targets and mechanism-based future drug therapies. Abstract Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered major drivers in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including renal and cardiovascular disease. A symbiotic relationship also appears to exist between oxidative stress and inflammation. Several emerging therapies target these crucial pathways, to alleviate the burden of the aforementioned diseases. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, a pathological state which not only leads to direct cellular damage but also an inflammatory cascade that further perpetuates tissue injury. Emerging therapeutic strategies tackle these pathways in a variety of ways, from increasing antioxidant defenses (antioxidants and Nrf2 activators) to reducing ROS production (NADPH oxidase inhibitors and XO inhibitors) or inhibiting the associated inflammatory pathways (NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, lipoxins, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and AT-1 receptor antagonists). This review summarizes the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to and perpetuate diabetes associated renal and cardiovascular disease along with the therapeutic strategies which target these pathways to provide reno and cardiovascular protection in the setting of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Charlton
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (A.C.); (J.G.); (K.A.M.J.-D.)
| | - Jessica Garzarella
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (A.C.); (J.G.); (K.A.M.J.-D.)
| | - Karin A. M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (A.C.); (J.G.); (K.A.M.J.-D.)
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jay C. Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (A.C.); (J.G.); (K.A.M.J.-D.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Diabetes is on the rise across the globe affecting more than 463 million people and crucially increasing morbidities of diabetes-associated diseases. Urgent and immense actions are needed to improve diabetes prevention and treatment. Regarding the correlation of diabetes with many associated diseases, inhibition of the disease progression is more crucial than controlling symptoms. Currently, anti-diabetic drugs are accompanied by undesirable side-effects and target confined types of biomolecules. Thus, extensive research is demanding to identify novel disease mechanisms and molecular targets as probable candidates for effective treatment of diabetes. This review discusses the conventional molecule targets that have been applied for their therapeutic rationale in treatment of diabetes. Further, the emerging and prospective molecular targets for the future focus of library screenings are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Lee ES, Kim HM, Lee SH, Ha KB, Bae YS, Lee SJ, Moon SH, Lee EY, Lee JH, Chung CH. APX-115, a pan-NADPH oxidase inhibitor, protects development of diabetic nephropathy in podocyte specific NOX5 transgenic mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:92-101. [PMID: 33011273 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are comprised of different isoforms, NOX1 to 5 and Duox1 and 2, and they trigger diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Recently, it was shown that, compared to the other isoforms, the expression of NOX5 was increased in the patients with DN and, NOX5 has been suggested to be important in the development of therapeutic agents. The effect of pan-NOX inhibition by APX-115 has also been investigated in type 2 diabetic mice. However, since NOX5 is absent in mice, we evaluated the effect of pan-NOX inhibition by APX-115 in Nox5 transgenic mouse. Wild type and renal podocyte specific NOX5 transgenic mice (NOX5 pod+) were fed with high-fat diet (60% kcal fat) and treated with APX-115 (60 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 14 weeks. APX-115 significantly improved pancreatic beta cell function by decreased fasting blood glucose levels and increased insulin levels. Further, the total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and urinary albumin/creatinine levels were also significantly decreased by APX-115 treatment. Increased NOX5 mRNA expressions, increased desmin levels, and reduced podocin protein expressions in the kidney of NOX5 pod + mice were also significantly restored to normal levels by APX-115 treatment. Moreover, APX-115 inhibited the expression of inflammation-related proteins such as TRAF6. Collectively, these data suggest that APX-115 might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of DN because of its pan-NOX inhibitory activity, including its NOX5 inhibitory activity, and also owing to its anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hong Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bong Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Bae
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Aptabio Therapeutics Inc., Yongin, South Korea
| | | | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
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Jung HY, Oh SH, Ahn JS, Oh EJ, Kim YJ, Kim CD, Park SH, Kim YL, Cho JH. NOX1 Inhibition Attenuates Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibition of ROS-Mediated ERK Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186911. [PMID: 32967113 PMCID: PMC7554761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) 1 inhibition against kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remain uncertain. The bilateral kidney pedicles of C57BL/6 mice were clamped for 30 min to induce IRI. Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells were incubated with H2O2 (1.4 mM) for 1 h to induce oxidative stress. ML171, a selective NOX1 inhibitor, and siRNA against NOX1 were treated to inhibit NOX1. NOX expression, oxidative stress, apoptosis assay, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were evaluated. The kidney function deteriorated and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including intracellular H2O2 production, increased due to IRI, whereas IRI-mediated kidney dysfunction and ROS generation were significantly attenuated by ML171. H2O2 evoked the changes in oxidative stress enzymes such as SOD2 and GPX in MDCK cells, which was mitigated by ML171. Treatment with ML171 and transfection with siRNA against NOX1 decreased the upregulation of NOX1 and NOX4 induced by H2O2 in MDCK cells. ML171 decreased caspase-3 activity, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and TUNEL-positive tubule cells in IRI mice and H2O2-treated MDCK cells. Among the MAPK pathways, ML171 affected ERK signaling by ERK phosphorylation in kidney tissues and tubular cells. NOX1-selective inhibition attenuated kidney IRI via inhibition of ROS-mediated ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jang-Hee Cho
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-6566-7551; Fax: +82-53-426-2046
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Takemura K, Nishi H, Inagi R. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Kidney Disease and Uremic Sarcopenia. Front Physiol 2020; 11:565023. [PMID: 33013483 PMCID: PMC7500155 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.565023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increased focus on the influences of mitochondrial dysfunction on various pathologies. Mitochondria are major intracellular organelles with a variety of critical roles, such as adenosine triphosphate production, metabolic modulation, generation of reactive oxygen species, maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis, and the regulation of apoptosis. Moreover, mitochondria are attracting attention as a therapeutic target in several diseases. Additionally, a lot of existing agents have been found to have pharmacological effects on mitochondria. This review provides an overview of the mitochondrial change in the kidney and skeletal muscle, which is often complicated with sarcopenia and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, the pharmacological effects of therapeutics for CKD on mitochondria are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takemura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Pathomthongtaweechai N, Chutipongtanate S. AGE/RAGE signaling-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and future prospects in non-coding RNA therapeutics for diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110655. [PMID: 32853909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis triggered by the accumulation of unfolded proteins and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) plays a major role in pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Activation of receptor for AGEs (RAGE) stimulates NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to ER stress, inflammation, glomerular hypertrophy, podocyte injury, and renal fibrosis. A growing body of evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could rescue ER stress and renal inflammation by the epigenetic modification. This review summarizes ncRNA regulation in AGE/RAGE signaling-mediated ER stress, and discusses the opportunities and challenges of ncRNA-loaded extracellular vesicle therapy in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutthapoom Pathomthongtaweechai
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand.
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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28
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Urner S, Ho F, Jha JC, Ziegler D, Jandeleit-Dahm K. NADPH Oxidase Inhibition: Preclinical and Clinical Studies in Diabetic Complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:415-434. [PMID: 32008354 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development and progression of serious micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly contribute to oxidative stress-associated inflammatory pathways that lead to tissue damage of different organs, including the kidneys, retina, brain, nerves, and the cardiovascular system. Recent Advances: Preclinical studies, including genetic-modified mouse models or cell culture models, have revealed the role of specific NOX isoforms in different diabetic complications, and suggested them as a promising target for the treatment of these diseases. Critical Issues: In this review, we provide an overview of the role of ROS and oxidative stress in macrovascular complications, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease that are all mainly driven by atherosclerosis, as well as microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. We summarize conducted genetic deletion studies of different Nox isoforms as well as pharmacological intervention studies using NOX inhibitors in the context of preclinical as well as clinical research on diabetic complications. Future Directions: We outline the isoforms that are most promising for future clinical trials in the context of micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Urner
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florence Ho
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jay C Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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29
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Targeting oxidative stress and anti-oxidant defence in diabetic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2020; 33:917-929. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Zhu XL, Zhang T, Xu ZQ, Ma XC, Wang ZJ, Zou CW, Li JX, Jing HY. High salt-induced weakness of anti-oxidative function of natriuretic peptide receptor-C and podocyte damage in the kidneys of Dahl rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:1182-1191. [PMID: 32433050 PMCID: PMC7249711 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its natriuretic peptide receptors A (NPR-A) and C (NPR-C) are involved in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological process of blood pressure. The present study aimed to determine the role of NPR-C in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. METHODS The Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) rats were used in this study. Animals were matched according to their age and weight, and then placed on either a high-salt (HS, 8%) or a normal-salt (NS, 0.4%) diet for 6 weeks randomly using random number table. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasmatic sodium concentration (PLNa), urinary sodium excretion (UVNa), and serum creatinine concentration (Scr) were measured. The concentration of ANP in blood and tissues (heart and kidney) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of ANP, NPR-A, and NPR-C in kidney was evaluated with western blot analysis. Regarding renal redox state, the concentration changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), lipofuscin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in kidney were detected by a spectrophotometric method. The kidney damage was evaluated using pathological techniques and the succinodehydrogenase (SDHase) examination. Furthermore, after an intra-peritoneal injection of C-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)4-23 (C-ANP4-23), an NPR-C receptor agonist, the SBP, biochemical values in blood and urine, and renal redox state were evaluated. The paired Student's t test and analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test were performed for statistical analyses of the comparisons between two groups and multiple groups, respectively. RESULTS The baseline SBP in all groups was within the normal range. At the end of the 6-week experiment, HS diet significantly increased the SBP in DS rats from 116.63 ± 2.90 mmHg to 162.25 ± 2.15 mmHg (t = -10.213, P < 0.001). The changes of SBP were not significant in DS rats on an NS diet and DR rats on an NS diet or on an HS diet (all P > 0.05). The significant increase of PLNa, UVNa, and Scr related to an HS diet was found in both DS and DR rats (all P < 0.05). However, significant changes in the concentration (t = -21.915, P < 0.001) and expression of renal ANP (t = -3.566, P = 0.016) and the expression of renal NPR-C (t = 5.864, P = 0.002) were only observed in DS hypertensive rats. The significantly higher desmin immunochemical staining score (t = -5.715, P = 0.005) and mitochondrial injury score (t = -6.325, P = 0.003) accompanied by the lower SDHase concentration (t = 3.972, P = 0.017) revealed mitochondrial pathologic abnormalities in podocytes in DS rats with an HS diet. The distinct increases of MDA (t = -4.685, P = 0.009), lipofuscin (t = -8.195, P = 0.001), and Nox (t = -12.733, P < 0.001) but not NOS (t = -0.328, P = 0.764) in kidneys were also found in DS hypertensive rats. C-ANP4-23 treatment significantly decreased the SBP induced by HS in DS rats (P < 0.05), which was still higher than NS groups with the vehicle or C-ANP4-23 treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, the HS-induced increase of MDA, lipofuscin, Nox concentrations, and Nox4 expression in DS rats was significantly attenuated by C-ANP4-23 treatment as compared with those with HS diet and vehicle injection (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the renal NPR-C might be involved in the salt-sensitive hypertension through the damage of mitochondria in podocytes and the reduction of the anti-oxidative function. Hence, C-ANP4-23 might serve as a therapeutic agent in treating salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jing-Xin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Hai-Yan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
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Hesp AC, Schaub JA, Prasad PV, Vallon V, Laverman GD, Bjornstad P, van Raalte DH. The role of renal hypoxia in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease: a promising target for newer renoprotective agents including SGLT2 inhibitors? Kidney Int 2020; 98:579-589. [PMID: 32739206 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease and poses a major global health problem. Finding new, safe, and effective strategies to halt this disease has proven to be challenging. In part that is because the underlying mechanisms are complex and not fully understood. However, in recent years, evidence has accumulated suggesting that chronic hypoxia may be the primary pathophysiological pathway driving diabetic kidney disease and chronic kidney disease of other etiologies and was called the chronic hypoxia hypothesis. Hypoxia is the result of a mismatch between oxygen delivery and oxygen demand. The primary determinant of oxygen delivery is renal perfusion (blood flow per tissue mass), whereas the main driver of oxygen demand is active sodium reabsorption. Diabetes mellitus is thought to compromise the oxygen balance by impairing oxygen delivery owing to hyperglycemia-associated microvascular damage and exacerbate oxygen demand owing to increased sodium reabsorption as a result of sodium-glucose cotransporter upregulation and glomerular hyperfiltration. The resultant hypoxic injury creates a vicious cycle of capillary damage, inflammation, deposition of the extracellular matrix, and, ultimately, fibrosis and nephron loss. This review will frame the role of chronic hypoxia in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease and its prospect as a promising therapeutic target. We will outline the cellular mechanisms of hypoxia and evidence for renal hypoxia in animal and human studies. In addition, we will highlight the promise of newer imaging modalities including blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging and discuss salutary interventions such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition that (may) protect the kidney through amelioration of renal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Hesp
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jennifer A Schaub
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pottumarthi V Prasad
- Department of Radiology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA; Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Volker Vallon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gozewijn D Laverman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziekenhuis Groep Twente, Almelo, The Netherlands
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniël H van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Deliyanti D, Alrashdi SF, Touyz RM, Kennedy CR, Jha JC, Cooper ME, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Wilkinson-Berka JL. Nox (NADPH Oxidase) 1, Nox4, and Nox5 Promote Vascular Permeability and Neovascularization in Retinopathy. Hypertension 2020; 75:1091-1101. [PMID: 32114846 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for the vascular permeability and neovascularization that threatens vision in diabetic retinopathy. Excess reactive oxygen species derived from the Nox (NADPH oxidase) isoforms, Nox1 and Nox4, contributes to vasculopathy in diabetic retinopathy; however, if Nox1/4 inhibition is beneficial in hypertensive diabetic retinopathy is unknown. Here, we determined that diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats had exacerbated retinal vascular permeability and expression of angiogenic and inflammatory factors, compared with normotensive diabetic Wistar Kyoto rats. GKT136901, a specific dual inhibitor of Nox1 and Nox4, prevented these events in diabetic Wistar Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Retinal neovascularization does not develop in diabetic rodents, and therefore, the oxygen-induced retinopathy model is used to evaluate this pathology. We previously demonstrated that Nox1/4 inhibition reduced retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy. However, although Nox5 is expressed in human retina, its contribution to retinopathy has not been studied in vivo, largely due to its absence from the rodent genome. We generated transgenic mice with inducible human Nox5 expressed in endothelial cells (vascular endothelial-cadherin+Nox5+ mice). In vascular endothelial-cadherin+Nox5+ mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy, retinal vascular permeability and neovascularization, as well as the expression of angiogenic and inflammatory factors, were increased compared with wild-type littermates. In bovine retinal endothelial cells, which express Nox1, Nox4, and Nox5, Nox1/4 inhibition, as well as Nox5 silencing RNA, reduced the high glucose-induced upregulation of oxidative stress, angiogenic, and inflammatory factors. Collectively, these data indicate the potential of Nox1, Nox4, and Nox5 inhibition to reduce vision-threatening damage to the retinal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devy Deliyanti
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.L.W.-B.).,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.C.J., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., J.L.W.-B.)
| | | | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.)
| | - Christopher R Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada (C.R.K.)
| | - Jay C Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.C.J., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., J.L.W.-B.)
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.C.J., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., J.L.W.-B.)
| | - Karin A Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.C.J., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., J.L.W.-B.).,German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany (K.A.J-D.)
| | - Jennifer L Wilkinson-Berka
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.L.W.-B.).,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.C.J., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., J.L.W.-B.)
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Wang D, Li Y, Wang N, Luo G, Wang J, Luo C, Yu W, Hao L. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 prevents renal oxidative damage via the PARP1/SIRT1/NOX4 pathway in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E343-E356. [PMID: 31891537 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00270.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most important renal complications associated with diabetes, and the mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. To date, few studies have shown the antioxidant effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on hyperglycemia-induced renal injury. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential mechanism by which 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced oxidative stress in diabetic rat kidneys. In this study, we established a vitamin D-deficient spontaneous diabetes model: 5-6 wk of age Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were treated with or without 1,25(OH)2D3 for 7 wk, age-matched Zucker lean rats served as control. Results showed that ZDF rats treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 had decreased body mass, food intake, water intake, and urine volume. 1,25(OH)2D3 ameliorated urine glucose, blood glucose and abnormal glucose tolerance. Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly lowered microalbuminuria, decreased the glomerular basement membrane thickness, and in some degree inhibited glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, and tubular dilatation. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3 attenuated renal oxidative damage, as reflected by the levels of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, 4-hydroxynonenal, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and reactive oxygen species production, and notably inhibited poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), activated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and decreased the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). Of interest, the abovementioned proteins could be involved in the antioxidant mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 in diabetic rat kidneys. Our study showed that oxidative stress might be a major contributor to DN pathogenesis and uncovered the antioxidant role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in diabetic nephropathy that was associated with the PARP1/SIRT1/ NOX4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Wu W, Jin Y, Teng L, Shao X, Wang Y, Feng S, Wang C, Jiang H, Wu J. Mitochondria-related reversal of early-stage diabetic nephropathy in donor kidney after transplantation in mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:801. [PMID: 32042817 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Renal diabetic changes are frequent in kidney transplantation (KTx) donors. Whether these diabetic changes are reversible remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to test the hypothesized reversibility of diabetic changes after KTx. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, early-stage group (ESG), and advanced-stage group (ASG). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 50 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days. Blood glucose levels ≥16.7 mmol/L were indicative of diabetic mice. The kidneys from ESG and ASG were transplanted to control mice 12 or 32 weeks after STZ injection. Kidney tissue, blood, and 24-hour urine specimens of donor and recipient mice were collected before KTx and 28 days after KTx, respectively. We measured the body weight, blood glucose, histological changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis. Electron microscopy was also performed to evaluate the mitochondrial morphology. The expression of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results Kidneys from early-stage diabetic mice showed evidence of lesion reversal four weeks after KTx, including decreased urinary albumin and reversal of histological changes. Besides, mitochondrial swelling, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and overexpression of NOXs in the kidneys were also suppressed. Conversely, no changes were observed in kidneys from advanced-stage diabetic mice after KTx. Conclusions We confirmed that early-stage but not advanced-stage diabetic nephropathy (DN) is reversible, which is related to reduced NOX expression and improvement in mitochondrial function. These results indicated that kidneys with early-stage DN could be used for KTx in clinical practice, as the disease may be reversed following KTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Wu
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, the Third-Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yiming Jin
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, the Third-Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Department of Nephropathy, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Lisha Teng
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, the Third-Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xue Shao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, the Third-Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, the Third-Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, the Third-Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Cuili Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, the Third-Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, the Third-Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, the Third-Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health of China, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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A physician-initiated double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of inhibition of NADPH oxidase with the first-in-class Nox-1/4 inhibitor, GKT137831, in adults with type 1 diabetes and persistently elevated urinary albumin excretion: Protocol and statistical considerations. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 90:105892. [PMID: 31740428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.105892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Kidney disease caused by type 1 diabetes can progress to end stage renal disease and can increase mortality risk. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) plays a major role in producing oxidative stress in the kidney in diabetes, and its activity is attenuated by GKT137831, an oral Nox inhibitor with predominant inhibitory action on Nox-1 and Nox - 4. Previous studies have demonstrated renoprotective effects with GKT137831 in various experimental models of type 1 diabetes-related kidney disease. This study will evaluate the effect of GKT137831 in treating clinical diabetic kidney disease. DESIGN This is a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, parallel arm study evaluating the effect on albuminuria of treatment with GKT137831 400 mg BID for 48 weeks. The study will randomize 142 participants who have persistent albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline of at least 40 ml/min/1.73m2. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Difference between arms in urine albumin to creatinine ratio. Secondary outcome measures include eGFR. CONCLUSION This study is important because it may identify a new way of slowing renal disease progression in people with type 1 diabetes and albuminuria already receiving standard of care treatment.
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Muñoz M, López-Oliva ME, Rodríguez C, Martínez MP, Sáenz-Medina J, Sánchez A, Climent B, Benedito S, García-Sacristán A, Rivera L, Hernández M, Prieto D. Differential contribution of Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4 to kidney vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101330. [PMID: 31563085 PMCID: PMC6812001 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-associated endothelial dysfunction is a key pathogenic factor underlying the microvascular complications of metabolic disease. NADPH oxidase (Nox) is a major source of oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease, despite Nox4 and Nox2 have been identified as relevant sources of vasodilator endothelial H2O2.The present study was sought to investigate the role of Nox enzymes in renal vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of genetic obesity. Endothelial function was assessed in intrarenal arteries of obese Zucker rats (OZR) and their counterparts lean Zucker rats (LZR) mounted in microvascular myographs, and superoxide (O2.-) and H2O2 production were measured. Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh) were associated to augmented O2.- generation, but neither ROS scavengers nor the Nox inhibitor apocynin significantly improved these relaxant responses in renal arteries of OZR. Whereas NO contribution to endothelial relaxations was blunted, catalase-sensitive non-NO non-prostanoid relaxations were enhanced in obese rats. Interestingly, NADPH-dependent O2.- production was augmented while NADPH-dependent H2O2 generation was reduced, and cytosolic and mitochondrial SOD were up-regulated in kidney of obese rats. Nox4 was down-regulated in renal arteries and Nox4-dependent H2O2 generation and endothelial relaxation were reduced in OZR. Up-regulation of both Nox2 and Nox1 was associated with augmented O2.- production but reduced H2O2 generation and blunted endothelial Nox2-derived H2O2-mediated in obese rats. Moreover, increased Nox1-derived O2.- contributed to renal endothelial dysfunction in OZR. In summary, the current data support a main role for Nox1-derived O2.- in kidney vascular oxidative stress and renal endothelial dysfunction in obesity, while reduced endothelial Nox4 expression associated to decreased H2O2 generation and H2O2-mediated vasodilatation might hinder Nox4 protective renal effects thus contributing to kidney injury. This suggests that effective therapies to counteract oxidative stress and prevent microvascular complications must identify the specific Nox subunits involved in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Martínez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sáenz-Medina
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Climent
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benedito
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Rivera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Medardo Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Patel S, Tang J, Overstreet JM, Anorga S, Lian F, Arnouk A, Goldschmeding R, Higgins PJ, Samarakoon R. Rac-GTPase promotes fibrotic TGF-β1 signaling and chronic kidney disease via EGFR, p53, and Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathways. FASEB J 2019; 33:9797-9810. [PMID: 31095421 PMCID: PMC6704447 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802489rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rac-GTPases are major regulators of cytoskeletal remodeling and their deregulation contributes to numerous pathologies. Whether or how Rac promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is currently unknown. We showed that the major profibrotic cytokine, TGF-β1 promoted rapid Rac1-GTP loading in human kidney 2 (HK-2) human renal epithelial cells. A Rac-specific chemical inhibitor, EHT 1864, blocked TGF-β1-induced fibrotic reprogramming in kidney epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Stable Rac1 depletion in HK-2 cells, moreover, eliminated TGF-β1-mediated non-SMAD pathway activation [e.g., Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53] and subsequent plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, and p21 induction. Rac1 and p22phox knockdown abrogated free radical generation by TGF-β1 in HK-2 cells, consistent with the role of Rac1 in NAPD(H). TGF-β1-induced renal epithelial cytostasis was also completely bypassed by Rac1, p22phox, p47phox, and PAI-1 silencing. Rac1b isoform expression was robustly induced in the fibrotic kidneys of mice and humans. Intraperitoneal administration of EHT 1864 in mice dramatically attenuated ureteral unilateral obstruction-driven EGFR, p53, Rac1b, yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif activation/expression, dedifferentiation, cell cycle arrest, and renal fibrogenesis evident in vehicle-treated obstructed kidneys. Thus, the Rac1-directed redox response is critical for TGF-β1-driven epithelial dysfunction orchestrated, in part, via PAI-1 up-regulation. Rac pathway inhibition suppressed renal oxidative stress and maladaptive repair, identifying Rac as a novel therapeutic target against progressive CKD.-Patel, S., Tang, J., Overstreet, J. M., Anorga, S., Lian, F., Arnouk, A., Goldschmeding, R., Higgins, P. J., Samarakoon, R. Rac-GTPase promotes fibrotic TGF-β1 signaling and chronic kidney disease via EGFR, p53, and Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Patel
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jessica M. Overstreet
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sandybell Anorga
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Fei Lian
- Division of Urology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Alex Arnouk
- Division of Urology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Rohan Samarakoon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
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Reyes-Martinez C, Nguyen QM, Kassan M, Gonzalez AA. (Pro)renin Receptor-Dependent Induction of Profibrotic Factors Is Mediated by COX-2/EP4/NOX-4/Smad Pathway in Collecting Duct Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:803. [PMID: 31396082 PMCID: PMC6664006 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of prorenin to the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) triggers the activation of MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway, induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), NOX-4-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the induction of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and profibrotic factors connecting tissue growth factor (CTGF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-I) in collecting duct (CD) cells. However, the role of COX-2 and the intracellular pathways involved are not clear. We hypothesized that the PRR activation increases profibrotic factors through COX-2-mediated PGE2 activation of E prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4), upregulation of NOX-4/ROS production, and activation of Smad pathway in mouse CD cells. Recombinant prorenin increased ROS production and protein levels of CTGF, PAI-I, and TGF-β in M-1 CD cell line. Inhibition of MAPK, NOX-4, and COX-2 prevented this effect. Inhibition of MEK, COX-2, and EP4 also prevented the upregulation of NOX-4. Because TGF-β activates Smad pathway, we evaluate the phosphorylation of Smad2 and 3. COX-2 inhibition or EP4 antagonism significantly prevented phosphorylation of Smad 2/3. Mice that were infused with recombinant prorenin showed an induction in the expression of CTGF, PAI-I, TGF-β, fibronectin, and collagen I in isolated collecting ducts as well as the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in renal tissues. COX-2 inhibition prevented this induction. These results indicate that the induction of TGF-β, CTGF, PAI-I, and ROS occurs through PRR-dependent activation of MAPK and NOX-4; however, this mechanism depends on COX-2-derived PGE2 production and the activation of EP4 and Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quynh My Nguyen
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Modar Kassan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
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Torban E, Braun F, Wanner N, Takano T, Goodyer PR, Lennon R, Ronco P, Cybulsky AV, Huber TB. From podocyte biology to novel cures for glomerular disease. Kidney Int 2019; 96:850-861. [PMID: 31420194 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The podocyte is a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocyte dysfunction is central to the underlying pathophysiology of many common glomerular diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis and genetic forms of nephrotic syndrome. Collectively, these conditions affect millions of people worldwide, and account for the majority of kidney diseases requiring dialysis and transplantation. The 12th International Podocyte Conference was held in Montreal, Canada from May 30 to June 2, 2018. The primary aim of this conference was to bring together nephrologists, clinician scientists, basic scientists and their trainees from all over the world to present their research and to establish networks with the common goal of developing new therapies for glomerular diseases based on the latest advances in podocyte biology. This review briefly highlights recent advances made in understanding podocyte structure and metabolism, experimental systems in which to study podocytes and glomerular disease, disease mediators, genetic and immune origins of glomerulopathies, and the development of novel therapeutic agents to protect podocyte and glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torban
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomoko Takano
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul R Goodyer
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pierre Ronco
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S 1155, and Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Hôpital Tenon, Paris France
| | - Andrey V Cybulsky
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Jeong BY, Park SR, Cho S, Yu SL, Lee HY, Park CG, Kang J, Jung DY, Park MH, Hwang WM, Yun SR, Jung JY, Yoon SH. TGF-β-mediated NADPH oxidase 4-dependent oxidative stress promotes colistin-induced acute kidney injury. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:962-972. [PMID: 29329393 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colistin (polymyxin E) is an important constituent of the polymyxin class of cationic polypeptide antibiotics. Intrarenal oxidative stress can contribute to colistin-induced nephrotoxicity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 3-phosphate oxidases (Noxs) are important sources of reactive oxygen species. Among the various types of Noxs, Nox4 is predominantly expressed in the kidney. Objectives We investigated the role of Nox4 and benefit of Nox4 inhibition in colistin-induced acute kidney injury using in vivo and in vitro models. Methods Human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were treated with colistin with or without NOX4 knockdown, or GKT137831 (most specific Nox1/4 inhibitor). Effects of Nox4 inhibition on colistin-induced acute kidney injury model in Sprague-Dawley rats were examined. Results Nox4 expression in HK-2 cells significantly increased following colistin exposure. SB4315432 (transforming growth factor-β1 receptor I inhibitor) significantly inhibited Nox4 expression in HK-2 cells. Knockdown of NOX4 transcription reduced reactive oxygen species production, lowered the levels of pro-inflammatory markers (notably mitogen-activated protein kinases) implicated in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and attenuated apoptosis by altering Bax and caspase 3/7 activity. Pretreatment with GKT137831 replicated these effects mediated by downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activities. In a rat colistin-induced acute kidney injury model, administration of GKT137831 resulted in attenuated colistin-induced acute kidney injury as indicated by attenuated impairment of glomerulus function, preserved renal structures, reduced expression of 8-hydroxyguanosine and fewer apoptotic cells. Conclusions Collectively, these findings identify Nox4 as a key source of reactive oxygen species responsible for kidney injury in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and highlight a novel potential way to treat drug-related nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Ra Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungkwon Cho
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong-Lan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hoi Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Gyo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jaeku Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Da-Young Jung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Moon Hyang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Won-Min Hwang
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung-Ro Yun
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Jung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Hee Yoon
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
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Telmisartan Attenuates Uric Acid-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Renal Tubular Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3851718. [PMID: 30993112 PMCID: PMC6434300 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3851718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether and how uric acid induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular cells, along with the mechanism by which telmisartan acts on uric acid-induced renal injury. Rat renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were exposed to various concentrations of uric acid in the presence or absence of telmisartan. Treatment with uric acid increased the expression of α-SMA, decreased the expression of E-cadherin, and promoted EMT in NRK-52E cells. Uric acid treatment also led to increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) production, activation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and the upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4). Use of ET-1 receptor inhibitor (BQ123 or BQ788) could inhibit uric acid-induced EMT in NRK-52E cells. Pretreatment with the ERK inhibitor (U0126 or PD98059) suppressed the release of ET-1 and EMT induced by uric acid. Additionally, pretreatment with a traditional antioxidant (diphenylene iodonium or apocynin) inhibited the activation of ERK1/2, release of ET-1, and uric acid-induced EMT in NRK-52E cells. These findings suggested that uric acid-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells occurs through NADPH oxidase-mediated ERK1/2 activation and the subsequent release of ET-1. Furthermore, telmisartan (102 nmol/L to 104 nmol/L) inhibited the expression of NOX4, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of ERK1/2, and the release of ET-1 in a dose-dependent manner, thereby preventing uric acid-induced EMT in NRK-52E. In conclusion, telmisartan could ameliorate uric acid-induced EMT in NRK-52E cells likely through inhibition of the NADPH oxidase/ERK1/2/ET-1 pathway.
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Whang A, Nagpal R, Yadav H. Bi-directional drug-microbiome interactions of anti-diabetics. EBioMedicine 2019; 39:591-602. [PMID: 30553752 PMCID: PMC6354569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a global epidemic. Although several drugs are available to manage T2D, problems associated with person-to-person variability in drug efficacy and potential side-effects remain unresolved. Owing to the emerging role of the gut microbiome in obesity and T2D, the interaction between gut microbes and anti-diabetic drugs and its influence on drugs' functions remains of immediate research interest. On one hand, drugs can manipulate gut microbiome composition and metabolic capacity. Conversely, the metabolic activities of the microbiome and its metabolites can also influence drug metabolism and effects. Hence, understanding this bi-directional drug-microbiome interaction and how it influences the clinical outcomes of antidiabetic drugs can pave the way to develop next-generation strategies to ameliorate diabetes. This review presents evidences demonstrating the putative interactions between anti-diabetic drugs and the gut microbiome, and discusses the potential of microbiome modulators to manipulate drug-microbiome interactions and the drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Whang
- Department of Internal Medicine- Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Internal Medicine- Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine- Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Protective effect of ginsenoside metabolite compound K against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB/p38 signaling pathway in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 63:227-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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A causal link between oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular and renal complications of diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1811-1836. [PMID: 30166499 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic renal and vascular oxidative stress in association with an enhanced inflammatory burden are determinant processes in the development and progression of diabetic complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activates mediators of inflammation as well as suppresses antioxidant defence mechanisms ultimately contributing to oxidative stress which leads to vascular and renal injury in diabetes. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that ROS, inflammation and fibrosis promote each other and are part of a vicious connection leading to development and progression of CVD and kidney disease in diabetes.
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Yang Q, Wu FR, Wang JN, Gao L, Jiang L, Li HD, Ma Q, Liu XQ, Wei B, Zhou L, Wen J, Ma TT, Li J, Meng XM. Nox4 in renal diseases: An update. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:466-472. [PMID: 29969717 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase contribute to a wide variety of renal diseases. Nox4, the major NADPH isoform in kidney, produces mainly H2O2 that regulates physiological functions. Nox4 contributes to redox processes involved in diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, obstructive nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, renal cell carcinoma and other renal diseases by activating multiple signaling pathways. Although Nox4 is found in a variety of cell types, including epithelial cells, podocytes, mesangial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, its role is not clear and even controversial. In some conditions, Nox4 protects cells by promoting cell survival in response to harmful stimuli. In other scenarios it induces cell apoptosis, inflammation or fibrogenesis. This functional variability may be attributed to distinct cell types, subcellular localization, molecular concentrations, disease type or stage, and other factors yet unexplored. In this setting, we reviewed the function and mechanism of Nox4 in renal diseases, highlighted the contradictions in Nox4 literature, and discussed promising therapeutic strategies targeting Nox4 in the treatment of certain types of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan-Rong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Di Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiuying Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Qi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Biao Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Luyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiagen Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Tao Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Neves KB, Montezano AC, Alves-Lopes R, Bruder-Nascimento T, Costa RM, Costa RS, Touyz RM, Tostes RC. Upregulation of Nrf2 and Decreased Redox Signaling Contribute to Renoprotective Effects of Chemerin Receptor Blockade in Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2454. [PMID: 30126255 PMCID: PMC6121242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin, acting through its receptor ChemR23, is an adipokine associated with inflammatory response, glucose and lipid metabolism and vascular function. Although this adipokine has been associated with the development and progression of kidney disease, it is not clear whether the chemerin/ChemR23 system plays a role in renal function in the context of diabetes. Therefore, we sought to determine whether ChemR23 receptor blockade prevents the development and/or progression of diabetic nephropathy and questioned the role of oxidative stress and Nrf2 in this process. Renal redox state and function were assessed in non-diabetic lean db/m and diabetic obese db/db mice treated with vehicle or CCX832 (ChemR23 antagonist). Renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which was increased in diabetic mice, was attenuated by CCX832. This was associated with an increase in Nox 4 expression. Augmented protein oxidation in db/db mice was not observed when mice were treated with CCX832. CCX832 also abrogated impaired Nrf2 nuclear activity and associated downregulation in antioxidants expression in kidneys from db/db mice. Our in vivo findings highlight the role of the redox signaling and Nrf2 system as renoprotective players during chemerin receptor blockade in diabetic mice. The chemerin/ChemR23 system may be an important target to limit renal dysfunction associated with obesity-related diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Bianca Neves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil.
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-093, Brazil.
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Augusto Cesar Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Rheure Alves-Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil.
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Menezes Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberto S Costa
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, Brazil.
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil.
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Muñoz M, Martínez MP, López-Oliva ME, Rodríguez C, Corbacho C, Carballido J, García-Sacristán A, Hernández M, Rivera L, Sáenz-Medina J, Prieto D. Hydrogen peroxide derived from NADPH oxidase 4- and 2 contributes to the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of intrarenal arteries. Redox Biol 2018; 19:92-104. [PMID: 30125808 PMCID: PMC6105769 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species in kidney vascular function has extensively been investigated in the harmful context of oxidative stress in diabetes and obesity-associated kidney disease. Since hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has recently been involved in the non-nitric oxide (NO) non-prostanoid relaxations of intrarenal arteries, the present study was sought to investigate whether NADPH oxidases may be functional sources of vasodilator H2O2 in the kidney and to assess their role in the endothelium-dependent relaxations of human and rat intrarenal arteries. Renal interlobar arteries isolated from the kidney of renal tumor patients who underwent nephrectomy, and from the kidney of Wistar rats, were mounted in microvascular myographs to assess function. Superoxide (O2.-) and H2O2 production was measured by chemiluminescence and Amplex Red fluorescence, and Nox2 and Nox4 enzymes were detected by Western blotting and by double inmunolabeling along with eNOS. Nox2 and Nox4 proteins were expressed in the endothelium of renal arterioles and glomeruli co-localized with eNOS, levels of expression of both enzymes being higher in the cortex than in isolated arteries. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox with apocynin and of CYP 2C epoxygenases with sulfaphenazol, but not of the NO synthase (NOS), reduced renal NADPH-stimulated O2.- and H2O2 production. Under conditions of cyclooxygenase and NOS blockade, acetylcholine induced endothelium-dependent relaxations that were blunted by the non-selective Nox inhibitor apocynin and by the Nox2 or the Nox1/4 inhibitors gp91ds-tat and GKT136901, respectively. Acetylcholine stimulated H2O2 production that was reduced by gp91ds-tat and by GKT136901. These results suggest the specific involvement of Nox4 and Nox2 subunits as physiologically relevant endothelial sources of H2O2 generation that contribute to the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of renal arteries and therefore have a protective role in kidney vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Martínez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Corbacho
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Carballido
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Medardo Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rivera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sáenz-Medina
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang Y, An W, Zhang F, Niu M, Liu Y, Shi R. Nebivolol ameliorated kidney damage in Zucker diabetic fatty rats by regulation of oxidative stress/NO pathway: Comparison with captopril. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1135-1148. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Wenjing An
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Mengzhen Niu
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Ruizan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
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Drevet S, Gavazzi G, Grange L, Dupuy C, Lardy B. Reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase 4 involvement in osteoarthritis. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:107-117. [PMID: 30012342 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative chronic disease affecting >300,000 million people around the world as of 2016. Symptomatic measures exist, but there are hardly any curative treatments available. Disruption of the cartilage homeostasis in favor of catabolism leads to cartilage destruction. ROS-macromolecular-induced damage is significantly greater in OA cartilage and OA is described as low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. This review aimed to assess the critical role of cartilage ageing and oxidative stress in the OA process, focusing in particular on NADPH oxidase and especially Nox4 involvement. With age, hypertrophic senescent cells with an altered redox cell profile accumulated. Chondrocytes are more sensitive to oxidant-mediators and the serum level of pro-inflammatory mediators increases. Age-related advanced glycation end products impact on extra cellular matrix (ECM) properties leading to the apoptosis of chondrocytes. A focus on NADPH oxidase-mediated-ROS signaling highlighted the very specific Nox4 isoform, which plays a role on the final common pathway targeting chondrocyte cells. IL-1β-mediated Nox4 stimulation induced an increase in the levels released by the chondrocyte of MMP-1 and MMP-13 proteins, which are involved in ECM degradation. In comparison with the other Nox isoforms, Nox4 remains unusual, since it is constitutively active, does not depend on cytosolic activator proteins and seems to generate H2O2 thanks to the specific conformation of the Nox4 E-loop. Nox4-induced ROS production appears an essential actor in the OA process and it could be relevant to focus on this target in the aim of discovering and developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Drevet
- Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Orthogeriatric Unit, Geriatric Department, Grenoble Alpes University, GREPI UGA-EFS EA7408, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 1, France.
| | - G Gavazzi
- Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Acute Geriatric Medicine Unit, Geriatric Department, Grenoble Alpes University, GREPI UGA-EFS EA7408, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 1, France.
| | - L Grange
- Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Rheumatology Department, Hopital Sud, GREPI UGA-EFS EA7408, 19 avenue de Kimberley, 38130 Echirolles, France.
| | - C Dupuy
- Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR 8200 CNRS "Stabilité génétique et Oncogenèse", 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France.
| | - B Lardy
- Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Biology Department, Grenoble Alpes University, GREPI UGA-EFS EA7408, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 1, France.
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Linagliptin unmasks specific antioxidant pathways protective against albuminuria and kidney hypertrophy in a mouse model of diabetes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200249. [PMID: 29979777 PMCID: PMC6034861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may have protective effects on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) via specific antioxidant pathways. The DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, was evaluated with the hypothesis that DPP-4 inhibition would ameliorate the development of DKD in a glucose-independent manner by altering specific antioxidant function. METHODS DBA/2J mice (a well-characterized model of DKD) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient mice (a model of impaired antioxidant function) were evaluated. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Mice were divided into: diabetic (DM), diabetic+linagliptin (DM+Lina), and non-diabetic control and treated for 12 weeks. RESULTS In DBA/2J mice, there was no difference in body weight and blood glucose between DM and DM+Lina groups. Linagliptin ameliorated albuminuria and kidney hypertrophy in DM DBA/2J mice and specifically increased the mRNA and protein levels for the antioxidants catalase and MnSOD. In G6PD deficient mice, however, increases in these mRNA levels did not occur and linagliptin renoprotection was not observed. Linagliptin also ameliorated histological trends toward mesangial expansion in wild-type mice but not in G6PD deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Linagliptin renoprotection involved glucose-independent but antioxidant-enzyme-system-dependent increases in transcription (not just increased protein levels) of antioxidant proteins in wild-type mice. These studies demonstrate that an intact antioxidant system, in particular including transcription of catalase and MnSOD, is required for the renoprotective effects of linagliptin.
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