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Moroni-González D, Sarmiento-Ortega VE, Diaz A, Brambila E, Treviño S. Pancreatic Antioxidative Defense and Heat Shock Proteins Prevent Islet of Langerhans Cell Death After Chronic Oral Exposure to Cadmium LOAEL Dose. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3714-3730. [PMID: 37955768 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, a hazardous environmental contaminant, is associated with metabolic disease development. The dose with the lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL) has not been studied, focusing on its effect on the pancreas. We aimed to evaluate the pancreatic redox balance and heat shock protein (HSP) expression in islets of Langerhans of male Wistar rats chronically exposed to Cd LOAEL doses, linked to their survival. Male Wistar rats were separated into control and cadmium groups (drinking water with 32.5 ppm CdCl2). At 2, 3, and 4 months, glucose, insulin, and cadmium were measured in serum; cadmium and insulin were quantified in isolated islets of Langerhans; and redox balance was analyzed in the pancreas. Immunoreactivity analysis of p-HSF1, HSP70, HSP90, caspase 3 and 9, and cell survival was performed. The results showed that cadmium exposure causes a serum increase and accumulation of the metal in the pancreas and islets of Langerhans, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia, associated with high insulin production. Cd-exposed groups presented high levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. An augment in MT and GSH concentrations with the increased enzymatic activity of the glutathione system, catalase, and superoxide dismutase maintained a favorable redox environment. Additionally, islets of Langerhans showed a high immunoreactivity of HSPs and minimal immunoreactivity to caspase associated with a high survival rate of Langerhans islet cells. In conclusion, antioxidative and HSP pancreatic defense avoids cell death associated with Cd accumulation in chronic conditions; however, this could provoke oversynthesis and insulin release, which is a sign of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moroni-González
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 14 Sur. FCQ1, Ciudad Universitaria, 72560, Puebla, C.P, Mexico
| | - Victor Enrique Sarmiento-Ortega
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 14 Sur. FCQ1, Ciudad Universitaria, 72560, Puebla, C.P, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 22 South, FCQ9, Ciudad Universitaria, 72560, Puebla, C.P, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 14 Sur. FCQ1, Ciudad Universitaria, 72560, Puebla, C.P, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 14 Sur. FCQ1, Ciudad Universitaria, 72560, Puebla, C.P, Mexico.
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Qu J, Wang Y, Wang Q. Cuproptosis: potential new direction in diabetes research and treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1344729. [PMID: 38904034 PMCID: PMC11188452 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1344729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis, a recently discovered form of cell death, stems from an overabundance of copper ions infiltrating mitochondria. These ions directly engage lipoylated proteins, prompting their oligomerization and subsequent loss of iron-sulfur clusters. This sequence induces proteotoxic stress, ultimately culminating in cell death. Type 2 diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder resulting from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, has not yet been fully understood in terms of its etiology and pathogenesis. Intricately, it is linked to various modalities of cell death, including mitochondrial autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Studies have discovered impaired copper metabolism in individuals with Type 2 diabetes, hinting at a unique role for copper homeostasis in the progression of the disease. To this end, the present research aims to delineate the potential correlation between cuproptosis and Type 2 diabetes by exhaustively reviewing the existing literature. By synthesizing relevant research on cuproptosis, the paper intends to lay the groundwork for a thorough exploration of the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. The ultimate objective is to facilitate a deeper understanding of Type 2 diabetes and to identify novel therapeutic strategies associated with cuproptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Heat shock response during the resolution of inflammation and its progressive suppression in chronic-degenerative inflammatory diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:116-142. [PMID: 38244765 PMCID: PMC10939074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is a crucial biochemical pathway that orchestrates the resolution of inflammation, primarily under proteotoxic stress conditions. This process hinges on the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other chaperones, notably the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins, under the command of the heat shock transcription factor-1. However, in the context of chronic degenerative disorders characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation (such as insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases) a gradual suppression of the HSR does occur. This work delves into the mechanisms behind this phenomenon. It explores how the Western diet and sedentary lifestyle, culminating in the endoplasmic reticulum stress within adipose tissue cells, trigger a cascade of events. This cascade includes the unfolded protein response and activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein-3 inflammasome, leading to the emergence of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and the propagation of inflammation throughout the body. Notably, the activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein-3 inflammasome not only fuels inflammation but also sabotages the HSR by degrading human antigen R, a crucial mRNA-binding protein responsible for maintaining heat shock transcription factor-1 mRNA expression and stability on heat shock gene promoters. This paper underscores the imperative need to comprehend how chronic inflammation stifles the HSR and the clinical significance of evaluating the HSR using cost-effective and accessible tools. Such understanding is pivotal in the development of innovative strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of these chronic inflammatory ailments, which continue to take a heavy toll on global health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Resolution of inflammation in chronic disease via restoration of the heat shock response (HSR). Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:66-87. [PMID: 38309688 PMCID: PMC10939035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective resolution of inflammation via the heat shock response (HSR) is pivotal in averting the transition to chronic inflammatory states. This transition characterizes a spectrum of debilitating conditions, including insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments. This manuscript explores a range of physiological, pharmacological, and nutraceutical interventions aimed at reinstating the HSR in the context of chronic low-grade inflammation, as well as protocols to assess the HSR. Monitoring the progression or suppression of the HSR in patients and laboratory animals offers predictive insights into the organism's capacity to combat chronic inflammation, as well as the impact of exercise and hyperthermic treatments (e.g., sauna or hot tub baths) on the HSR. Interestingly, a reciprocal correlation exists between the expression of HSR components in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and the extent of local tissue proinflammatory activity in individuals afflicted by chronic inflammatory disorders. Therefore, the Heck index, contrasting extracellular 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70) (proinflammatory) and intracellular HSP70 (anti-inflammatory) in PBL, serves as a valuable metric for HSR assessment. Our laboratory has also developed straightforward protocols for evaluating HSR by subjecting whole blood samples from both rodents and human volunteers to ex vivo heat challenges. Collectively, this discussion underscores the critical role of HSR disruption in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory states and emphasizes the significance of simple, cost-effective tools for clinical HSR assessment. This understanding is instrumental in the development of innovative strategies for preventing and managing chronic inflammatory diseases, which continue to exert a substantial global burden on morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Kowluru A. Regulatory roles of CARD9-BCL10-Rac1 (CBR) signalome in islet β-cell function in health and metabolic stress: Is there room for MALT1? Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115889. [PMID: 37991197 PMCID: PMC10872519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that pancreatic islet β-cell failure and the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) constitute an intricate interplay between the genetic expression of the disease and a host of intracellular events including increased metabolic (oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum) stress under the duress of glucolipotoxicity. Emerging evidence implicates unique roles for Caspase Recruitment Domain containing protein 9 (CARD9) in the onset of metabolic diseases, including obesity and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, CARD9 has been implicated in the regulation of p38MAPK and NFkB signaling pathways culminating in cellular dysfunction. Several regulatory factors, including B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10) have been identified as modulators of CARD9 function in multiple cell types. Despite this evidence on regulatory roles of CARD9-BCL10 signalome in the onset of various pathological states, putative roles of this signaling module in islet β-cell dysfunction in metabolic stress remain less understood. This brief review is aimed at highlighting roles for CARD9 in islet β-cell function under acute (physiological insulin secretion) and long-term (cell dysfunction) exposure to glucose. Emerging roles of other signaling proteins, such as Rac1, BCL10 and MALT1 as contributors to CARD9 signaling in the islet β-cells are also reviewed. Potential avenues for future research toward the development of novel therapeutics for the prevention CARD9-BCL10-Rac1 (CBR) signalome-induced β-cell defects under metabolic stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- Biomedical Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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de Lemos Muller CH, Schroeder HT, Rodrigues-Krause J, Krause M. Extra and intra cellular HSP70 levels in adults with and without metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:761-771. [PMID: 37495770 PMCID: PMC10746644 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MS) are related to chronic pro-inflammatory conditions. Evidence suggests that heat shock proteins are linked to metabolic disorders. Intracellular HSP70 (iHSP70) is mandatory for normal insulin signalling, and proteostasis, and exerts a powerful anti-inflammatory role. On the other hand, the extracellular (eHSP72) is linked with a pro-inflammatory state and induces insulin resistance in humans. Then, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to summarize the data of HSP70 in people with and without metabolic disorders. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were used. Eligibility criteria included observational and baseline data of experimental studies that assessed iHSP70 and/or eHSP72 in adults with metabolic disorders and healthy people. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model and the mean difference was estimated for eHSP72 and the standardized mean difference for iHSP70. A total of 11,255 articles were retrieved, 31 articles were assessed for eligibility and 15 were included for data extraction. There was no difference in eHSP72 between metabolic disorders and healthy controls (mean difference (MD) = 0.11; 95% confidence interval (CIs) = -0.05 to 0.27; I2 = 95%). Subgroup analysis showed higher levels of eHSP72 in T2DM people than healthy ones (MD = 0.32; 95% CIs = 0.17 to 0.47; I2 = 92%). For iHSP70 no difference was found (standardized mean difference (SMD) =-0.24; 95% CIs =-1.62 to 1.15; I2 = 86%). Our results suggest that eHSP72 levels may be dependent on metabolic condition and no difference in iHSP70 levels are attributed to high heterogeneity level between studies (PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42022323514).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique de Lemos Muller
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Inflamação, Metabolismo e Exercício (LAPIMEX) E Laboratório de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Inflamação, Metabolismo e Exercício (LAPIMEX) E Laboratório de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Josianne Rodrigues-Krause
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia E Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90690-200, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Sogipa Faculty, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Krause
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Inflamação, Metabolismo e Exercício (LAPIMEX) E Laboratório de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Lee HK, Nam YH, Shin SW, Kim MC, An JI, Kim NW, Shim JH, Srinath S, Hong BN, Kwak JH, Kang TH. Erigeron annuus Extract Alleviates Insulin Resistance via Regulating the Expression of Mitochondrial Damage and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Genes. Nutrients 2023; 15:2685. [PMID: 37375588 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent and debilitating metabolic disorder affecting a large population worldwide. The condition is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired function of pancreatic β-cells, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. In this study, the antidiabetic effects of Erigeron annuus extract (EAE) on zebrafish with damaged pancreatic islets caused by insulin resistance were investigated. The study utilized the zebrafish model to monitor live pancreatic islets. RNA sequencing was also conducted to determine the mechanism by which EAE exerts its antidiabetic effect. The results showed that EAE was effective in recovering reduced islets in excess insulin-induced zebrafish. The effective concentration at 50% (EC50) of EAE was determined to be 0.54 μg/mL, while the lethal concentration at 50% (LC50) was calculated as 202.5 μg/mL. RNA sequencing indicated that the mode of action of EAE is related to its ability to induce mitochondrial damage and suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress. The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy and therapeutic potential of EAE in treating insulin resistance in zebrafish. The results suggest that EAE may offer a promising approach for the management of diabetes by reducing mitochondrial damage and suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Further research is required to establish the clinical application of EAE in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyu Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Hee Nam
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung In An
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Woo Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heon Shim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunitha Srinath
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Na Hong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Iwai S, Kaji K, Nishimura N, Kubo T, Tomooka F, Shibamoto A, Suzuki J, Tsuji Y, Fujinaga Y, Kitagawa K, Namisaki T, Akahane T, Yoshiji H. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide attenuates chronic liver disease-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166770. [PMID: 37276988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) has recently been established as a pharmacological option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated the molecular role of GLP-1R in skeletal muscle homeostasis; however, the therapeutic efficacy of semaglutide, a GLP-1RA, on skeletal muscle atrophy in chronic liver disease (CLD) under diabetic conditions remains unclear. In the present study, semaglutide effectively inhibited psoas muscle atrophy and suppressed declines in grip strength in a diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet-fed diabetic KK-Ay mouse model. Moreover, semaglutide inhibited ubiquitin-proteosome-mediated skeletal muscle proteolysis and promoted myogenesis in palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated C2C12 murine myocytes. Mechanistically, this effect of semaglutide on skeletal muscle atrophy was mediated by multiple functional pathways. First, semaglutide protected against hepatic injury in mice accompanied by increased production of insulin-like growth factor 1 and reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These effects were associated with decreased proinflammatory cytokines and ROS accumulation, leading to the suppression of ubiquitin-proteosome muscle degradation. Moreover, semaglutide inhibited the amino acid starvation-related stress signaling that was activated under chronic liver injury, resulting in the recovery of the mammalian target of rapamycin activity in the skeletal muscle of DDC-diet fed KK-Ay mice. Second, semaglutide improved skeletal muscle atrophy by directly stimulating GLP-1R in myocytes. Semaglutide induced cAMP-mediated activation of PKA and AKT, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduced ROS accumulation, thereby resulting in inhibition of NF-κB/myostatin-mediated ubiquitin-proteosome degradation and the augmentation of heat-shock factor-1-mediated myogenesis. Collectively, semaglutide may have potential as a new therapeutic strategy for CLD-related skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iwai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Fumimasa Tomooka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shibamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Junya Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Koh Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Borges Russo MK, Kowalewski LS, da Natividade GR, de Lemos Muller CH, Schroeder HT, Bock PM, Ayres LR, Cardoso BU, Zanotto C, Schein JT, Rech TH, Crispim D, Canani LH, Friedman R, Leitão CB, Gerchman F, Krause M. Elevated Extracellular HSP72 and Blunted Heat Shock Response in Severe COVID-19 Patients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101374. [PMID: 36291584 PMCID: PMC9599720 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: We hypothesized that critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and insulin resistance would present a reduced Heat Shock Response (HSR), which is a pathway involved in proteostasis and anti-inflammation, subsequently leading to worse outcomes and higher inflammation. In this work we aimed: (i) to measure the concentration of extracellular HSP72 (eHSP72) in patients with severe COVID-19 and in comparison with noninfected patients; (ii) to compare the HSR between critically ill patients with COVID-19 (with and without diabetes); and (iii) to compare the HSR in these patients with noninfected individuals. Methods: Sixty critically ill adults with acute respiratory failure with SARS-CoV-2, with or without diabetes, were selected. Noninfected subjects were included for comparison (healthy, n = 19 and patients with diabetes, n = 22). Blood samples were collected to measure metabolism (glucose and HbA1c); oxidative stress (lypoperoxidation and carbonyls); cytokine profile (IL-10 and TNF); eHSP72; and the HSR (in vitro). Results: Patients with severe COVID-19 presented higher plasma eHSP72 compared with healthy individuals and noninfected patients with diabetes. Despite the high level of plasma cytokines, no differences were found between critically ill patients with COVID-19 with or without diabetes. Critically ill patients, when compared to noninfected, presented a blunted HSR. Oxidative stress markers followed the same pattern. No differences in the HSR (extracellular/intracellular level) were found between critically ill patients, with or without diabetes. Conclusions: We demonstrated that patients with severe COVID-19 have elevated plasma eHSP72 and that their HSR is blunted, regardless of the presence of diabetes. These results might explain the uncontrolled inflammation and also provide insights on the increased risk in developing type 2 diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kras Borges Russo
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Stahlhöfer Kowalewski
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Richter da Natividade
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique de Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Martins Bock
- Faculdades Integradas de Taquara, Taquara 95612-150, RS, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Layane Ramos Ayres
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Urbano Cardoso
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Zanotto
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Tsao Schein
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Helena Rech
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Canani
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogério Friedman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bauermann Leitão
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(51)-33082065
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10
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Costa-Beber LC, Hirsch GE, Heck TG, Ludwig MS. Chaperone duality: the role of extracellular and intracellular HSP70 as a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in the development of atherosclerosis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1016-1023. [PMID: 32293198 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1745850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) may provide relevant information about the endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases. Located in the intracellular milieu (iHSP70), they are essential chaperones that inhibit nuclear factor kappa B activation, stimulate nitric oxide production and superoxide dismutase activity, and inhibit apoptosis. However, under stressful conditions, HSP70 can be released into the extracellular medium (eHSP70) and act as an inflammatory mediator. Although studies have reported the vasoprotective role of iHSP70, the evidence regarding eHSP70 is contradictory. eHSP70 can activate NFκB and activator protein-1, thus stimulating the release of inflammatory cytokines and production of reactive oxygen species. Due to the antagonistic nature of HSP70 according to its location, the eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio (Heck index) has been proposed as a better marker of inflammatory status; however, more studies are required to confirm this hypothesis. Therefore, this review summarises studies that, together, describe the role of HSP70 in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, Brazil
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11
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de Oliveira AA, Mendoza VO, Rastogi S, Nunes KP. New insights into the role and therapeutic potential of HSP70 in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106173. [PMID: 35278625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that HSP70 represents a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and various diabetic complications, including micro- and macro-vascular alterations, as well as impaired hemostasis. Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of both types of diabetes, increases the circulating levels of HSP70 (eHSP70), but there is still divergence about whether diabetes up- or down-regulates the intracellular fraction of this protein (iHSP70). Here, we consider that iHSP70 levels reduce in diabetic arterial structures and that the vascular system is in direct contact with all other systems in the body suggesting that a systemic response might also be happening for iHSP70, which is characterized by decreased levels of HSP70 in the vasculature. Furthermore, although many pathways have been proposed to explain HSP70's functions in diabetes, and organs/tissues/cells-specific variations occur, the membrane-bound receptor of the innate immune system, Toll-like receptor 4, and its downstream signal transduction pathways appear to be a constant, not only when we explore the actions of eHSP70, but also when we assess the contributions of iHSP70. In this review, we focus on discussing the multiple roles of HSP70 across organs/tissues/cells affected by hyperglycemia to further explore the possibility of targeting this protein with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Valentina Ochoa Mendoza
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Swasti Rastogi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States.
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12
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Costa-Beber LC, Heck TG, Fiorin PBG, Ludwig MS. HSP70 as a biomarker of the thin threshold between benefit and injury due to physical exercise when exposed to air pollution. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:889-915. [PMID: 34677749 PMCID: PMC8578518 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has acute and chronic effects on inflammatory balance, metabolic regulation, and redox status. Exercise-induced adaptations are mediated by enhanced 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) levels and an improved heat shock response (HSR). Therefore, exercise could be useful against disease conditions [obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and exposure to atmospheric pollutants] marked by an impaired HSR. However, exercise performed by obese or diabetic subjects under pollution conditions might also be dangerous at certain intensities. Intensity correlates with an increase in HSP70 levels during physical exercise until a critical point at which the effort becomes harmful and impairs the HSR. Establishing a unique biomarker able to indicate the exercise intensity on metabolism and cellular fatigue is essential to ensure adequate and safe exercise recommendations for individuals with obesity or DM who require exercise to improve their metabolic status and live in polluted regions. In this review, we examined the available evidence supporting our hypothesis that HSP70 could serve as a biomarker for determining the optimal exercise intensity for subjects with obesity or diabetes when exposed to air pollution and establishing the fine threshold between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory exercise effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
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13
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de Oliveira AA, Nunes KP. Crosstalk of TLR4, vascular NADPH oxidase, and COVID-19 in diabetes: What are the potential implications? Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 139:106879. [PMID: 34051372 PMCID: PMC8152239 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes. This happens, at least in part, because TLR4 modulates the enzyme NADPH oxidase, a primary source of ROS in vascular structures. Increased oxidative stress disrupts key vascular signaling mechanisms and drives the progression of diabetes, elevating the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, it has been shown that patients with diabetes are also at a higher risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given the importance of the interaction between TLR4 and NADPH oxidase to the disrupted diabetic vascular system, we put forward the hypothesis that TLR4-mediated NADPH oxidase-derived ROS might be a critical mechanism to help explain why this disparity appears in diabetic patients, but unfortunately, conclusive experimental evidence still lacks in the literature. Herein, we focus on discussing the pathological implications of this signaling communication in the diabetic vasculature and exploring this crosstalk in the context of diabetes-associated severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States.
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Vogt ÉL, Von Dentz MC, Rocha DS, Argenta Model JF, Kowalewski LS, de Souza SK, Girelli VDO, de Bittencourt PIH, Friedman R, Krause M, Vinagre AS. Metabolic and Molecular Subacute Effects of a Single Moderate-Intensity Exercise Bout, Performed in the Fasted State, in Obese Male Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147543. [PMID: 34299993 PMCID: PMC8307452 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction and objectives: Obesity represents a major global public health problem. Its etiology is multifactorial and includes poor dietary habits, such as hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diets (HFDs), physical inactivity, and genetic factors. Regular exercise is, per se, a tool for the treatment and prevention of obesity, and recent studies suggest that the beneficial effects of exercise can be potentiated by the fasting state, thus potentially promoting additional effects. Despite the significant number of studies showing results that corroborate such hypothesis, very few have evaluated the effects of fasted-state exercise in overweight/obese populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the subacute effects (12 h after conclusion) of a single moderate-intensity exercise bout, performed in either a fed or an 8 h fasted state, on serum profile, substrate-content and heat shock pathway–related muscle protein immunocontent in obese male rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats received a modified high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance. The animals were allocated to four groups: fed rest (FER), fed exercise (FEE), fasted rest (FAR) and fasted exercise (FAE). The exercise protocol was a 30 min session on a treadmill, with an intensity of 60% of VO2max. The duration of the fasting period was 8 h prior to the exercise session. After a 12 h recovery, the animals were killed and metabolic parameters of blood, liver, heart, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were evaluated, as well as SIRT1 and HSP70 immunocontent in the muscles. Results: HFD induced obesity and insulin resistance. Soleus glycogen concentration decreased in the fasted groups and hepatic glycogen decreased in the fed exercise group. The combination of exercise and fasting promoted a decreased concentration of serum total cholesterol and triglycerides. In the heart, combination fasting plus exercise was able to decrease triglycerides to control levels. In the soleus muscle, both fasting and fasting plus exercise were able to decrease triglyceride concentrations. In addition, heat shock protein 70 and sirtuin 1 immunocontent increased after exercise in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Conclusions: An acute bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise, when realized in fasting, may induce, in obese rats with metabolic dysfunctions, beneficial adaptations to their health, such as better biochemical and molecular adaptations that last for at least 12 h. Considering the fact that overweight/obese populations present an increased risk of cardiovascular events/diseases, significant reductions in such plasma markers of lipid metabolism are an important achievement for these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverton Lopes Vogt
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (É.L.V.); (M.C.V.D.); (D.S.R.); (J.F.A.M.); (S.K.d.S.); (V.d.O.G.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Maiza Cristina Von Dentz
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (É.L.V.); (M.C.V.D.); (D.S.R.); (J.F.A.M.); (S.K.d.S.); (V.d.O.G.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Débora Santos Rocha
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (É.L.V.); (M.C.V.D.); (D.S.R.); (J.F.A.M.); (S.K.d.S.); (V.d.O.G.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Jorge Felipe Argenta Model
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (É.L.V.); (M.C.V.D.); (D.S.R.); (J.F.A.M.); (S.K.d.S.); (V.d.O.G.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Lucas Stahlhöfer Kowalewski
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (L.S.K.); (P.I.H.d.B.J.)
| | - Samir Khal de Souza
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (É.L.V.); (M.C.V.D.); (D.S.R.); (J.F.A.M.); (S.K.d.S.); (V.d.O.G.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Vitória de Oliveira Girelli
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (É.L.V.); (M.C.V.D.); (D.S.R.); (J.F.A.M.); (S.K.d.S.); (V.d.O.G.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (L.S.K.); (P.I.H.d.B.J.)
| | - Rogério Friedman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (L.S.K.); (P.I.H.d.B.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-51-33083623
| | - Anapaula Sommer Vinagre
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (É.L.V.); (M.C.V.D.); (D.S.R.); (J.F.A.M.); (S.K.d.S.); (V.d.O.G.); (A.S.V.)
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15
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Kamioka H, Mori Y, Horiuchi T, Hayashi T, Ohmura K, Yamaguchi S, Kato M. Association of Daily Home-Based Hot Water Bathing and Glycemic Control in Ambulatory Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:5059-5069. [PMID: 33376375 PMCID: PMC7764630 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s279270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the relationship between daily hot water bathing (HWB) at home and glycemic control in middle-aged and elderly ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We defined hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as the main outcome. We set 7.0% based on the mean value of the dependent variable as the cut-off point for analysis. Frequency of HWB was an explanatory variable. A two-sample t-test was used to compare between groups with continuous variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed for frequency, adjusted age, sex, BMI, T2DM duration (Model 1), and other confounding factors (Model 2). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS Among 838 patients, there was a significant difference (p<0.001) in age between males (n=528, 62.8±8.7 years) and females (n=310, 65.0±8.1 years). In Model 1, compared with participants who used HWB more than seven times a week, those with poorly controlled HbA1c were significantly associated with low frequency of HWB: four to six times a week (OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.87-1.99) and less than three times a week (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.98-2.10); p-value for overall trend was 0.041. In Model 2, p-value for overall trend was 0.138. CONCLUSION A higher frequency of HWB was moderately associated with a decreased risk of poor glycemic control in middle-aged and elderly ambulatory patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroharu Kamioka
- Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Mori
- Mie Prefecture Health and Environment Research Institute, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Takahiko Horiuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Oita, Japan
| | - Takahito Hayashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamaguchi
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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16
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Costa-Beber LC, Goettems-Fiorin PB, Dos Santos JB, Friske PT, Frizzo MN, Heck TG, Hirsch GE, Ludwig MS. Ovariectomy enhances female rats' susceptibility to metabolic, oxidative, and heat shock response effects induced by a high-fat diet and fine particulate matter. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111215. [PMID: 33340683 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and exposure to fine particulate matter (air pollutant PM2.5) are important risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. They are also related to early menopause. The reduction of 17β-estradiol (E2) levels during female climacteric, marked by menopause, is of significant concern because of its imminent influence on metabolism, redox and inflammatory status. This complex homeostasis-threatening scenario may induce a heat shock response (HSR) in cells, enhancing the expression of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70). A failure in this mechanism could predispose women to cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated if the climacteric could represent an additional risk among obese rats exposed to PM2.5 by worsening lipid, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters and HSP70 in cardiac tissue. We induced obesity in female Wistar rats using a high-fat diet (HFD) (58.3% as fats) and exposed them to 50 μL of saline 0.9% (control, n = 15) or 250 μg residual oil fly ash (ROFA, the inorganic portion of PM2.5) (polluted, n = 15) by intranasal instillation, 5 days/w for 12 weeks. At the 12th week, we subdivided these animals into four groups: control (n = 6), OVX (n = 9), polluted (n = 6) and polluted + OVX (n = 9). OVX and polluted + OVX were submitted to a bilateral ovariectomy (OVX), a surgical model for menopause, while control and polluted received a false surgery (sham). ROFA exposure and HFD consumption were continued for 12 additional weeks, after which the animals were euthanized. ROFA enhanced the susceptibility to ovariectomy-induced dyslipidemia, while ovariectomy predisposed female rats to the ROFA-induced decrease of cardiac iHSP70 expression. Ovariectomy also decreased the IL-6 levels and IL-6/IL-10 in obese animals, reinforcing a metabolic impairment and a failure to respond to unfavorable conditions. Our results support the hypothesis that obese ovariectomized animals are predisposed to a metabolic worsening under polluted conditions and are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems-Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaíne Borges Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Taís Friske
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
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17
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Wang W, Xu C, Ma X, Zhang X, Xie P. Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness: A Review of Recent Progress With a Look Toward the Future. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:559789. [PMID: 33330523 PMCID: PMC7719824 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.559789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), a common neuromuscular complication associated with patients in the ICU, is a type of skeletal muscle dysfunction that commonly occurs following sepsis, mobility restriction, hyperglycemia, and the use of glucocorticoids or neuromuscular blocking agents. ICU-AW can lead to delayed withdrawal of mechanical ventilation and extended hospitalization. Patients often have poor prognosis, limited mobility, and severely affected quality of life. Currently, its pathogenesis is uncertain, with unavailability of specific drugs or targeted therapies. ICU-AW has gained attention in recent years. This manuscript reviews the current research status of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment methods for ICU-AW and speculates the novel perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chuanjie Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xinglong Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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18
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Are Heat Shock Proteins an Important Link between Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218204. [PMID: 33147803 PMCID: PMC7662599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are growing in prevalence worldwide. The development of T2D increases the risk of AD disease, while AD patients can show glucose imbalance due to an increased insulin resistance. T2D and AD share similar pathological features and underlying mechanisms, including the deposition of amyloidogenic peptides in pancreatic islets (i.e., islet amyloid polypeptide; IAPP) and brain (β-Amyloid; Aβ). Both IAPP and Aβ can undergo misfolding and aggregation and accumulate in the extracellular space of their respective tissues of origin. As a main response to protein misfolding, there is evidence of the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in moderating T2D and AD. HSPs play a pivotal role in cell homeostasis by providing cytoprotection during acute and chronic metabolic stresses. In T2D and AD, intracellular HSP (iHSP) levels are reduced, potentially due to the ability of the cell to export HSPs to the extracellular space (eHSP). The increase in eHSPs can contribute to oxidative damage and is associated with various pro-inflammatory pathways in T2D and AD. Here, we review the role of HSP in moderating T2D and AD, as well as propose that these chaperone proteins are an important link in the relationship between T2D and AD.
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19
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Heck T, Ludwig M, Frizzo M, Rasia-Filho A, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Suppressed anti-inflammatory heat shock response in high-risk COVID-19 patients: lessons from basic research (inclusive bats), light on conceivable therapies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1991-2017. [PMID: 32749472 PMCID: PMC7403894 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major risk factors to fatal outcome in COVID-19 patients, i.e., elderliness and pre-existing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), share in common the characteristic of being chronic degenerative diseases of inflammatory nature associated with defective heat shock response (HSR). The molecular components of the HSR, the principal metabolic pathway leading to the physiological resolution of inflammation, is an anti-inflammatory biochemical pathway that involves molecular chaperones of the heat shock protein (HSP) family during homeostasis-threatening stressful situations (e.g., thermal, oxidative and metabolic stresses). The entry of SARS coronaviruses in target cells, on the other hand, aggravates the already-jeopardized HSR of this specific group of patients. In addition, cellular counterattack against virus involves interferon (IFN)-mediated inflammatory responses. Therefore, individuals with impaired HSR cannot resolve virus-induced inflammatory burst physiologically, being susceptible to exacerbated forms of inflammation, which leads to a fatal "cytokine storm". Interestingly, some species of bats that are natural reservoirs of zoonotic viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, possess an IFN-based antiviral inflammatory response perpetually activated but do not show any sign of disease or cytokine storm. This is possible because bats present a constitutive HSR that is by far (hundreds of times) more intense and rapid than that of human, being associated with a high core temperature. Similarly in humans, fever is a physiological inducer of HSR while antipyretics, which block the initial phase of inflammation, impair the resolution phase of inflammation through the HSR. These findings offer a rationale for the reevaluation of patient care and fever reduction in SARS, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Alberto Antonio Rasia-Filho
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Graduate Program in Biosciences, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170 Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170 Brazil
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20
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Bouzakri K, Veyrat-Durebex C, Holterman C, Arous C, Barbieux C, Bosco D, Altirriba J, Alibashe M, Tournier BB, Gunton JE, Mouche S, Bietiger W, Forterre A, Berney T, Pinget M, Christofori G, Kennedy C, Szanto I. Beta-Cell-Specific Expression of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 5 Aggravates High-Fat Diet-Induced Impairment of Islet Insulin Secretion in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:618-635. [PMID: 31931619 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX-es) produce reactive oxygen species and modulate β-cell insulin secretion. Islets of type 2 diabetic subjects present elevated expression of NOX5. Here, we sought to characterize regulation of NOX5 expression in human islets in vitro and to uncover the relevance of NOX5 in islet function in vivo using a novel mouse model expressing NOX5 in doxycycline-inducible, β-cell-specific manner (RIP/rtTA/NOX5 mice). Results:In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry employed on pancreatic sections demonstrated NOX5 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expressions in human islets. In cultures of dispersed islets, NOX5 protein was observed in somatostatin-positive (δ) cells in basal (2.8 mM glucose) conditions. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of NOX5 in human islets cultured in basal glucose concentrations resulted in diminished glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) in vitro. However, when islets were preincubated in high (16.7 mM) glucose media for 12 h, NOX5 appeared also in insulin-positive (β) cells. In vivo, mice with β-cell NOX5 expression developed aggravated impairment of GIIS compared with control mice when challenged with 14 weeks of high-fat diet. Similarly, in vitro palmitate preincubation resulted in more severe reduction of insulin release in islets of RIP/rtTA/NOX5 mice compared with their control littermates. Decreased insulin secretion was most distinct in response to theophylline stimulation, suggesting impaired cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated signaling due to increased phosphodiesterase activation. Innovation and Conclusions: Our data provide the first insight into the complex regulation and function of NOX5 in islets implying an important role for NOX5 in δ-cell-mediated intraislet crosstalk in physiological circumstances but also identifying it as an aggravating factor in β-cell failure in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bouzakri
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Chet Holterman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Caroline Arous
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Barbieux
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Altirriba
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Alibashe
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin B Tournier
- Vulnerability Biomarkers Unit, Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Mouche
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thierry Berney
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Pinget
- Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Christopher Kennedy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Mulyani WRW, Sanjiwani MID, Sandra, Prabawa IPY, Lestari AAW, Wihandani DM, Suastika K, Saraswati MR, Bhargah A, Manuaba IBAP. Chaperone-Based Therapeutic Target Innovation: Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:559-568. [PMID: 32161482 PMCID: PMC7051252 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s232133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still a global health problem. Current T2DM treatments are limited to curing the symptoms and have not been able to restore insulin sensitivity in insulin-sensitive tissues that have become resistant. In the past decade, some studies have shown the significant role of a chaperone family, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), in insulin resistance pathogenesis that leads to T2DM. HSP70 is a cytoprotective molecular chaperone that functions in protein folding and degradation. In general, studies have shown that decreased concentration of HSP70 is able to induce inflammation process through JNK activation, inhibit fatty acid oxidation by mitochondria through mitophagy decrease and mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as activate SREBP-1c, one of the lipogenic gene transcription factors in ER stress. The overall molecular pathways are potentially leading to insulin resistance and T2DM. Increased expression of HSP70 in brain tissues is able to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control specifically. HSP70 modulation-targeting strategies (including long-term physical exercise, hot tub therapy (HTT), and administration of alfalfa-derived HSP70 (aHSP70)) in subjects with insulin resistance are proven to have therapeutic and preventive potency that are promising in T2DM management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
| | - I Putu Yuda Prabawa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Desak Made Wihandani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Suastika
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Made Ratna Saraswati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Agha Bhargah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia.,Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana-Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Ida Bagus Amertha Putra Manuaba
- International Ph.D Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Medical and Health Education Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
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22
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de Oliveira AA, Webb RC, Nunes KP. Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Heat-Shock Protein 70: Is it a New Target Pathway for Diabetic Vasculopathies? Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:51-59. [PMID: 30129410 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180821105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most concerning diseases in modern times. Despite considerable advances in therapeutic management, the prevalence of diabetes and its contribution to death and disability continue to be a major health problem. Diabetic vasculopathies are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. Its pathophysiology includes oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and a low-grade inflammatory state. Lately, actions of the innate immune system via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been suggested as a new insight in this field. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors activated by highly conserved structural motifs of exogenous or endogenous ligands. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs), normally known for their ability to protect cells during stressful conditions, when released from injured cells bind to TLR4 and trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a MyD88-dependent pathway. This pathway had been investigated in pancreatic beta cells and skeletal muscle, but it has not yet been explored in the vascular system and deserves investigation. In this work, the interplay between TLR4 and HSP70 in the vasculature during diabetes is reviewed and discussed. The current literature and preliminary results from our laboratory led us to hypothesize that hyperglycemia-associated HSP70 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetic vasculopathies via the TLR4 pathway and might be a new target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
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23
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Krause M, Gerchman F, Friedman R. Coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) in obesity and diabetes comorbidities: is heat shock response determinant for the disease complications? Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:63. [PMID: 32690985 PMCID: PMC7364287 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of several metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). With the recent worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2), it has been observed that individuals with these metabolic diseases are more likely to develop complications, increasing the severity of the disease and a poorer outcome. Coronavirus infection leads to the activation of adaptive and innate immune responses, resulting in massive inflammation (to so called cytokine storm), which in turn can lead to damage to various tissues, septic shock and multiple organ failure. Recent evidence suggests that the common link between metabolic diseases and SARS-CoV-2 is the inflammatory response (chronic/low-grade for metabolic diseases and acute/intense in coronavirus infection). However, the ability of the infected individuals to resolve the inflammation has not yet been explored. The heat shock response (HSR), an important anti-inflammatory pathway, is reduced in patients with metabolic diseases and, consequently, may impair inflammation resolution and control in patients with SARS-CoV-2, thus enabling its amplification and propagation through all tissues. Herein, we present a new hypothesis that aims to explain the increased severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with metabolic diseases, and the possible benefits of HSR-inducing therapies to improve the inflammatory profile in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rogério Friedman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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24
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Ramírez-Moreno A, Quintanar Escorza MA, García Garza R, Hady K, Meléndez Valenzuela A, Marszalek JE, Sharara-Núñez I, Delgadillo-Guzmán D. All-trans retinoic acid improves pancreatic cell proliferation on induced type 1 diabetic rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:345-351. [PMID: 31762099 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been extensively studied as an integrating component of endocrine functions in the pancreas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ATRA on physiopathological biomarkers in an experimental model of rat with type 1 diabetes induced by alloxan (T1D). Twenty Wistar rats were divided equally into five groups, each receiving a different treatment: a control group (CG), a diabetic group without T1D treatment, a diabetic group treated with ATRA, a diabetic group supplemented with vitamin E (VIT E), and a group that was given olive oil (V). The administration of ATRA for 17 days produced a significant reduction in weight and glucose levels, compared to the T1D and VIT E groups. The evaluation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipoperoxidation showed no relevant difference among the groups. The results of the histological analysis showed similarities both in the size and in the number of islets of Langerhans in the pancreatic tissue obtained from the ATRA group and the CG. ATRA displayed a significant reduction of glycemic values in diabetic rats. Ultrastructurally, ß-cells, acinar, and ductal cells restored their normal appearance. ATRA can contribute to the recovery of pancreatic damage due to alloxan induction. It seems that the antioxidant effect of ATRA is not responsible for the differences observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Ramírez-Moreno
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Carr. Torreón- Matamoros, km 7.5. C.P.27276, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Martha Angélica Quintanar Escorza
- Department of Biochemistry and Health School of Medicine and Nutrition, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango Unit, Durango, Mexico
| | - Rubén García Garza
- Departament of Histology, Faculty of Medicine T.U, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Keita Hady
- Drug Research Laboratoy, Federal University of Amapá, Rodivia Juscelino Kubitscheck, km 2, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP: 68903-419, Macapa, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Adrian Meléndez Valenzuela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón Unit, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Jolanta E Marszalek
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Carr. Torreón- Matamoros, km 7.5. C.P.27276, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Ibrahim Sharara-Núñez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón Unit, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Dealmy Delgadillo-Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón Unit, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
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25
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Bittencourt A, Schroeder HT, Porto RR, de Lemos Muller CH, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Heat shock response to exercise in pancreatic islets of obese mice. Biochimie 2019; 168:28-40. [PMID: 31678111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obesity imposes an organismal state of low-grade inflammation because the physiological resolution of inflammation is progressively repressed giving rise to cellular senescence and its accompanying Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), which avoids apoptosis but perpetuates the relay of inflammatory signals from adipose tissue toward the rest of the body. Conversely, resolution of inflammation depends on the integrity of heat shock response (HSR) pathway that leads to the expression of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory protein chaperones of the 70 kDa family (HSP70). However, chronic exposure to the aforementioned injuring factors leads to SASP, which, in turn, suppresses the HSR. A main metabolic tissue severely jeopardized by obesity-related dysfunctions is the endocrine pancreas, particularly β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Because exercise is a powerful inducer of HSR and predicted to alleviate negative health outcomes of obesity, we sought whether obesity influence HSP70 expression in pancreatic islets and other metabolic tissues (adipose tissue and skeletal muscle) of adult B6.129SF2/J mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 13 weeks since the weaning and whether acute exercise as well as moderate-intensity exercise training (8 weeks) could interfere with this scenario. We showed that acute exercise of moderate intensity protects pancreatic islets against cytokine-induced cell death. In addition, acute exercise challenge time-dependently increased islet HSP70 that peaked at 12 h post-exercise in both trained and untrained mice fed on a control diet, suggesting an adequate HSR to exercise training. Unexpectedly, however, neither exercise training nor acute exercise challenges were able to increase islet HSP70 contents in trained mice submitted to HFD, but only in untrained HFD animals. In parallel, HFD disrupted glycemic status which is accompanied by loss of muscular mass resembling sarcopenic obesity that could not be rescued by exercise training. These results suggest that exercise influences HSR in pancreatic islets but obesity undermines islet, muscle and adipose tissue HSR, which is associated with metabolic abnormalities observed in such tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) and Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) and Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rossana Rosa Porto
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) and Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique de Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) and Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) and Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) and Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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26
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Hong Y, Lee JH, Jeong KW, Choi CS, Jun HS. Amelioration of muscle wasting by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in muscle atrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:903-918. [PMID: 31020810 PMCID: PMC6711418 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy is defined as a reduction of muscle mass caused by excessive protein degradation. However, the development of therapeutic interventions is still in an early stage. Although glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, such as exendin-4 (Ex-4) and dulaglutide, are widely used for the treatment of diabetes, their effects on muscle pathology are unknown. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of GLP-1R agonist for muscle wasting and the mechanisms involved. METHODS Mouse C2C12 myotubes were used to evaluate the in vitro effects of Ex-4 in the presence or absence of dexamethasone (Dex) on the regulation of the expression of muscle atrophic factors and the underlying mechanisms using various pharmacological inhibitors. In addition, we investigated the in vivo therapeutic effect of Ex-4 in a Dex-induced mouse muscle atrophy model (20 mg/kg/day i.p.) followed by injection of Ex-4 (100 ng/day i.p.) for 12 days and chronic kidney disease (CKD)-induced muscle atrophy model. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of a long-acting GLP-1R agonist by treatment of dulaglutide (1 mg/kg/week s.c.) for 3 weeks, in DBA/2J-mdx mice, a Duchenne muscular dystrophy model. RESULTS Ex-4 suppressed the expression of myostatin (MSTN) and muscle atrophic factors such as F-box only protein 32 (atrogin-1) and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) in Dex-treated C2C12 myotubes. The suppression effect was via protein kinase A and protein kinase B signalling pathways through GLP-1R. In addition, Ex-4 treatment inhibited glucocorticoid receptor (GR) translocation by up-regulating the proteins of GR inhibitory complexes. In a Dex-induced muscle atrophy model, Ex-4 ameliorated muscle atrophy by suppressing muscle atrophic factors and enhancing myogenic factors (MyoG and MyoD), leading to increased muscle mass and function. In the CKD muscle atrophy model, Ex-4 also increased muscle mass, myofiber size, and muscle function. In addition, treatment with a long-acting GLP-1R agonist, dulaglutide, recovered muscle mass and function in DBA/2J-mdx mice. CONCLUSIONS GLP-1R agonists ameliorate muscle wasting by suppressing MSTN and muscle atrophic factors and enhancing myogenic factors through GLP-1R-mediated signalling pathways. These novel findings suggest that activating GLP-1R signalling may be useful for the treatment of atrophy-related muscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong Han Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kwang Won Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Chaperones may cause the focus of diabetes autoimmunity on distinct (pro)insulin peptides. J Autoimmun 2019; 105:102304. [PMID: 31327552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is still an enigma why T cell autoreactivity in type 1 diabetes targets few beta cell antigens only. Among these, one primary autoantigen is pro(insulin). Autoimmune T cells preferentially recognise three epitopes on the proinsulin molecule, of which the peptide region B:11-23 is the dominant one. Interestingly, the three regions superimpose with binding sites of the chaperone hsp70, the region B:11-23 being the strongest binding one. Absence of an intact core region B:15-17 prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD as well as binding of hsp70. A role of hsp70 in selecting autoimmune epitopes is supported by the ability of this and other chaperones to deliver bound peptides to MHC class I and II molecules for efficient antigen presentation. Binding of hsp70 to receptors on antigen presenting cells such as TLR4 results in costimulatory signals for T cell activation. Strongest effects are seen for the mixture of hsp70 with the peptide B:11-23. Thus, hsp70 may assist in proinsulin epitope selection and efficient presentation to autoreactive T cells. The concept of chaperone guided immune reactivity may also apply to other autoimmune diseases.
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de Lemos Muller CH, de Matos JR, Grigolo GB, Schroeder HT, Rodrigues-Krause J, Krause M. Exercise Training for the Elderly: Inflammaging and the Central Role for HSP70. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42978-019-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Maley MJ, Hunt AP, Stewart IB, Faulkner SH, Minett GM. Passive heating and glycaemic control in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214223. [PMID: 30901372 PMCID: PMC6430508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Passive heating (PH) has begun to gain research attention as an alternative therapy for cardio-metabolic diseases. Whether PH improves glycaemic control in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals is unknown. This study aims to review and conduct a meta-analysis of published literature relating to PH and glycaemic control. METHODS Electronic data sources, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from inception to July 2018 were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCT) studying the effect of PH on glycaemic control in diabetic or non-diabetic individuals. To measure the treatment effect, standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS Fourteen articles were included in the meta-analysis. Following a glucose load, glucose concentration was greater during PH in non-diabetic (SMD 0.75, 95% CI 1.02 to 0.48, P < 0.001) and diabetic individuals (SMD 0.27, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.02, P = 0.030). In non-diabetic individuals, glycaemic control did not differ between PH and control only (SMD 0.11, 95% CI 0.44 to -0.22, P > 0.050) and a glucose challenge given within 24 hours post-heating (SMD 0.30, 95% CI 0.62 to -0.02, P > 0.050). CONCLUSION PH preceded by a glucose load results in acute glucose intolerance in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. However, heating a non-diabetic individual without a glucose load appears not to affect glycaemic control. Likewise, a glucose challenge given within 24 hours of a single-bout of heating does not affect glucose tolerance in non-diabetic individuals. Despite the promise PH may hold, no short-term benefit to glucose tolerance is observed in non-diabetic individuals. More research is needed to elucidate whether this alternative therapy benefits diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Maley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Hunt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian B. Stewart
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Steve H. Faulkner
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey M. Minett
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Bruxel MA, Tavares AMV, Zavarize Neto LD, de Souza Borges V, Schroeder HT, Bock PM, Rodrigues MIL, Belló-Klein A, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Chronic whole-body heat treatment relieves atherosclerotic lesions, cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities, and enhances survival time restoring the anti-inflammatory and anti-senescent heat shock response in mice. Biochimie 2019; 156:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Krause M, Crognale D, Cogan K, Contarelli S, Egan B, Newsholme P, De Vito G. The effects of a combined bodyweight-based and elastic bands resistance training, with or without protein supplementation, on muscle mass, signaling and heat shock response in healthy older people. Exp Gerontol 2018; 115:104-113. [PMID: 30529477 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This investigation sought to determine the effects of twelve weeks of resistance exercise training in addition to protein supplementation on body composition, markers of muscle atrophy/hypertrophy and heat shock response (HSR) in healthy older adults. Thirty-eight healthy sedentary participants (M/F, 18/20; age, 63.5 ± 4.4 y) were randomly assigned to four groups: I) PLACEBO: no training, receiving placebo sachets; II) NUTRITION: no training, receiving protein supplementation sachets; III) EXERCISE PLACEBO: training, placebo sachets and IV) EXERCISE NUTRITION: training, receiving protein sachets. The resistance training (using bodyweight and elastic bands) consisted of 45 min supervised training sessions, 3×/week. Participants from both exercise groups increased their total lean body mass (from 48.4 ± 8.7 to 49.2 ± 8.7 kg and from 44.9 ± 7.8 to 45.9 ± 8.1 kg, average of gain ~0.8 and 1 kg, placebo and nutrition respectively) and improved results in physical tests. Exercise nutrition group also reduced their body fat (from 34.8 ± 7.3 to 32.9 ± 7.4%), increased the expression of proteins/gene involved on the HSR, S6 and eEF2, while FOXO3 and Murf1 were reduced. Expression of MHC-I was reduced in both exercise groups while MHC-IIa increased, with no effect of protein supplementation alone. Body-weight and elastic bands based resistance exercise prompted, in healthy older people, improvements in body composition and muscle function. When protein supplementation was added to the people engaged in resistance training, improvements in fat mass and changes in skeletal muscle signaling were detected, favoring protein synthesis pathways and the protective heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Krause
- Institute for Sport & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Domenico Crognale
- Institute for Sport & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karl Cogan
- Institute for Sport & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Serena Contarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Brendan Egan
- Institute for Sport & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; School of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Philip Newsholme
- CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Institute for Sport & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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de Lemos Muller CH, Rech A, Botton CE, Schroeder HT, Bock PM, Farinha JB, Lopez P, Schöler CM, Grigolo GB, Coelho J, Kowalewski LS, Rodrigues MIL, de Azevedo MA, Quincozes-Santos A, Rodrigues-Krause J, Reischak-Oliveira A, Pinto RS, De Vito G, de Bittencourt Júnior PIH, Krause M. Heat-induced extracellular HSP72 release is blunted in elderly diabetic people compared with healthy middle-aged and older adults, but it is partially restored by resistance training. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:180-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Trussardi Fayh AP, de Carvalho Gomes C, Schroeder HT, Henrique de Lemos Muller C, Maria de Araújo Moura Lemos T, Krause M. Induction chemotherapy reduces extracellular heat shock protein 72 levels, inflammation, lipoperoxidation and changes insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28784-28795. [PMID: 29983896 PMCID: PMC6033368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Recently, the levels of extracellular heat shock protein 72 (eHSP72) were found to be elevated in ALL, and its elevation associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, considering the possible role of eHSP72 as a modulator of the immunological system and metabolism, the aim of this study was to describe the response of eHSP72 to the induction phase of chemotherapy, along with metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with ALL. Methods Nineteen patients were recruited and analysed before and after the induction phase of chemotherapy (with 28 days of duration). Blood samples were taken for the analysis of C-reactive protein (CRP), levels of lipoperoxidation, insulin (and HOMA-IR), cortisol, glucose, lipid profile and eHSP72. Results We found that induction phase of chemotherapy leads to a drop in glucose levels (from 101.79±19 to 75.8±9.7 mg/dL), improvements on inflammation (CRP levels, p<0.01) and oxidative stress (TBARS levels, p<0.01), reduction on eHSP72 (p=0.03) and improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR, p=0.02). Conclusion Our results indicate that eHSP72 may have an immune and metabolic role and could be used as a marker of the treatment success and metabolic changes in children with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Camila de Carvalho Gomes
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique de Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Telma Maria de Araújo Moura Lemos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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34
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de Souza DC, Matos VAF, Dos Santos VOA, Medeiros IF, Marinho CSR, Nascimento PRP, Dorneles GP, Peres A, Müller CH, Krause M, Costa EC, Fayh APT. Effects of High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on Inflammatory, Leptin, IgA, and Lipid Peroxidation Responses in Obese Males. Front Physiol 2018; 9:567. [PMID: 29875681 PMCID: PMC5974092 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effects of a single high-intensity interval exercise session (HIIE) with a moderate-intensity continuous exercise session (MICE) on the inflammatory profile, IgA levels, and lipid peroxidation in sedentary obese males. Methods: Ten sedentary obese men (age 28.5 ± 2.7 years; BMI 35.9 ± 4.9 kg/m2; body fat 40.6 ± 2.0%) performed three experimental sessions, on separate days with 1 week wash-out period between interventions, according to a randomized order: (1) HIIE: 10 × 60 s at 90% of the HRmax alternated by 60 s of active recovery; (2) MICE: 20 min at 70% of the HRmax; (3) Rest—control. Blood and saliva samples were collected before, immediately after and 60 min after the end of each session in order to analyse serum levels of cytokines, IgA, and lipoperoxidation markers. Results: Leptin levels decreased immediately after HIIE (P = 0.033) and was different from the MICE (P = 0.025). IFN-γ levels were reduced immediately after (P = 0.032) and 60 min after HIIE (P = 0.003) compared to baseline, and it also increased IL-4 levels immediately after exercise (P = 0.007) compared to resting values. MICE promoted an increase in IFN-γ levels immediately after exercise (P = 0.025) and 60 min after exercise (P = 0.004) in relation to baseline. Both exercise conditions increased IL-6 levels up to 60 min after exercise (P < 0.05). The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio decreased immediately after (P = 0.002) and 60 min after HIIE (P = 0.005) in relation to pre-exercise. No changes were found for IgA-S and TBARS for any of the conditions. Conclusion: A single HIIE session is able to decrease IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, indicating an anti-inflammatory response, without alterations in the function of the mucosal immune system and lipoperoxidation. On the other hand, a brief session of MICE induced changes in the pattern of cytokines associated with increased cellular immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C de Souza
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Victor A F Matos
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Victor O A Dos Santos
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Italo F Medeiros
- Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S R Marinho
- Health Science College of Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Paulo R P Nascimento
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Gilson P Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Research Center, Methodist University Center IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Müller
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Inflamação, Metabolismo e Exercício, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maurício Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism, and Exercise Research, Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Costa
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana P T Fayh
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Heat shock protein 70 promotes lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:73. [PMID: 29631603 PMCID: PMC5891916 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has followed the international rise in obesity rates. Multiple mechanisms are involved in NAFLD, including endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which is abundant in most organisms, is sensitive to stress. However, the role of HSP70 in NAFLD has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the possible role of HSP70 in lipid synthesis. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet, and HepG2 cells were treated with 0.5 mM palmitic acid (PA). HSP70 expression was detected by qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After Hsp70 overexpression and knockdown, TC and TG levels and FAS, SCD, and ACC expression were detected. Results HSP70 expression was significantly increased in the livers of obese mice. In vitro, HSP70 expression was markedly induced by PA in HepG2 cells. Notably, HSP70 overexpression in HepG2 cells enhanced TC and TG synthesis, in parallel with the upregulation of lipogenic genes, including FAS, SCD and ACC. By contrast, HSP70 knockdown decreased the levels of cellular lipids and the expression of FAS, SCD, and ACC in HepG2 cells. Together, our results suggest that HSP70 may promote lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Conclusions Heat shock protein 70 promotes lipogenesis in HepG2 cells.
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Brovedan MA, Molinas SM, Pisani GB, Monasterolo LA, Trumper L. Glutamine protection in an experimental model of acetaminophen nephrotoxicity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:366-371. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely prescribed analgesic and antipyretic drug. In the present work, we studied the effects of glutamine (Gln) in an in vivo model of APAP-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Renal function, histological characteristics, and Na+,K+-ATPase cortical abundance and distribution were analyzed. The appearance of HSP70 and actin in urine was also evaluated. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in cortical tissue was measured as an index of the inflammatory response. Gln administration 30 min before APAP protected from the renal functional and histological damage promoted by APAP. Rats that received the dual treatment Gln and APAP (Gln/APAP) showed the same level of Na+,K+-ATPase cortical induction as APAP-treated animals, but the enzyme maintained its normal basolateral localization. HSP70 abundance was increased up to the same level in the Gln, APAP, and Gln/APAP groups. Urinary HSP70 and actin were detected only in the APAP-treated animals, reinforcing the protection of renal tubular integrity afforded by the Gln pretreatment. Gln pretreatment also protected from the increment in MPO activity promoted by APAP. Our results support the idea that Gln pretreatment could be a therapeutic option to prevent APAP-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Brovedan
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sara M. Molinas
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET)
| | - Gerardo B. Pisani
- Morphology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Liliana A. Monasterolo
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET)
| | - Laura Trumper
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Research Council of the National University of Rosario (CIC-UNR)
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Miragem AA, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Nitric oxide-heat shock protein axis in menopausal hot flushes: neglected metabolic issues of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with deranged heat shock response. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 23:600-628. [PMID: 28903474 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some unequivocal underlying mechanisms of menopausal hot flushes have been demonstrated in animal models, the paucity of similar approaches in humans impedes further mechanistic outcomes. Human studies might show some as yet unexpected physiological mechanisms of metabolic adaptation that permeate the phase of decreased oestrogen levels in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women. This is particularly relevant because both the severity and time span of hot flushes are associated with increased risk of chronic inflammatory disease. On the other hand, oestrogen induces the expression of heat shock proteins of the 70 kDa family (HSP70), which are anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective protein chaperones, whose expression is modulated by different types of physiologically stressful situations, including heat stress and exercise. Therefore, lower HSP70 expression secondary to oestrogen deficiency increases cardiovascular risk and predisposes the patient to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that culminates in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as obesities, type 2 diabetes, neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review focuses on HSP70 and its accompanying heat shock response (HSR), which is an anti-inflammatory and antisenescent pathway whose intracellular triggering is also oestrogen-dependent via nitric oxide (NO) production. The main goal of the manuscript was to show that the vasomotor symptoms that accompany hot flushes may be a disguised clue for important neuroendocrine alterations linking oestrogen deficiency to the anti-inflammatory HSR. SEARCH METHODS Results from our own group and recent evidence on hypothalamic control of central temperature guided a search on PubMed and Google Scholar websites. OUTCOMES Oestrogen elicits rapid production of the vasodilatory gas NO, a powerful activator of HSP70 expression. Whence, part of the protective effects of oestrogen over cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems is tied to its capacity of inducing the NO-elicited HSR. The hypothalamic areas involved in thermoregulation (infundibular nucleus in humans and arcuate nucleus in other mammals) and whose neurons are known to have their function altered after long-term oestrogen ablation, particularly kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin neurons, (KNDy) are the same that drive neuroprotective expression of HSP70 and, in many cases, this response is via NO even in the absence of oestrogen. From thence, it is not illogical that hot flushes might be related to an evolutionary adaptation to re-equip the NO-HSP70 axis during the downfall of circulating oestrogen. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Understanding of HSR could shed light on yet uncovered mechanisms of menopause-associated diseases as well as on possible manipulation of HSR in menopausal women through physiological, pharmacological, nutraceutical and prebiotic interventions. Moreover, decreased HSR indices (that can be clinically determined with ease) in perimenopause could be of prognostic value in predicting the moment and appropriateness of starting a HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Azambuja Miragem
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, ICBS, 2nd Floor, Suite 350, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology 'Farroupilha', Rua Uruguai 1675, Santa Rosa, RS 98900-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, ICBS, 2nd Floor, Suite 350, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
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Heck TG, Scomazzon SP, Nunes PR, Schöler CM, da Silva GS, Bittencourt A, Faccioni-Heuser MC, Krause M, Bazotte RB, Curi R, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Acute exercise boosts cell proliferation and the heat shock response in lymphocytes: correlation with cytokine production and extracellular-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:271-291. [PMID: 28251488 PMCID: PMC5352601 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise stimulates immune responses, but the appropriate "doses" for such achievements are unsettled. Conversely, in metabolic tissues, exercise improves the heat shock (HS) response, a universal cytoprotective response to proteostasis challenges that are centred on the expression of the 70-kDa family of intracellular heat shock proteins (iHSP70), which are anti-inflammatory. Concurrently, exercise triggers the export of HSP70 towards the extracellular milieu (eHSP70), where they work as pro-inflammatory cytokines. As the HS response is severely compromised in chronic degenerative diseases of inflammatory nature, we wondered whether acute exercise bouts of different intensities could alter the HS response of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs and whether this would be related to immunoinflammatory responses. Adult male Wistar rats swam for 20 min at low, moderate, high or strenuous intensities as per an overload in tail base. Controls remained at rest under the same conditions. Afterwards, mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were assessed for the potency of the HS response (42 °C for 2 h), NF-κB binding activity, mitogen-stimulated proliferation and cytokine production. Exercise stimulated cell proliferation in an "inverted-U" fashion peaking at moderate load, which was paralleled by suppression of NF-κB activation and nuclear location, and followed by enhanced HS response in relation to non-exercised animals. Comparative levels of eHSP70 to iHSP70 (H-index) matched IL-2/IL-10 ratios. We conclude that exercise, in a workload-dependent way, stimulates immunoinflammatory performance of lymphocytes of tissues far from the circulation and this is associated with H-index of stress response, which is useful to assess training status and immunosurveillance balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gomes Heck
- Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of the Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Rua do Comércio, 3000, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Sofia Pizzato Scomazzon
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrícia Renck Nunes
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Maria Schöler
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Stumpf da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Aline Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Faccioni-Heuser
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Roberto Barbosa Bazotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - 13° Andar, Bloco B, Sala 1302, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01506-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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Leite JSM, Cruzat VF, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-016-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Modulation of rat monocyte/macrophage innate functions by increasing intensities of swimming exercise is associated with heat shock protein status. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 421:111-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Newsholme P, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Gut associated bacteria are critical to metabolism, inflammation and health. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2016; 19:245-9. [PMID: 27213282 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Newsholme
- aSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Perth, Western Australia, Australia bLaboratory of Cellular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Fine particulate matter potentiates type 2 diabetes development in high-fat diet-treated mice: stress response and extracellular to intracellular HSP70 ratio analysis. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:643-656. [PMID: 27356529 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We argue whether the potentiating effect of PM2.5 over the development of T2DM in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice would be related to modification in cell stress response, particularly in antioxidant defenses and 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) status. Male mice were fed standard chow or HFD for 12 weeks and then randomly exposed to daily nasotropic instillation of PM2.5 for additional 12 weeks under the same diet schedule, divided into four groups (n = 14-15 each): Control, PM2.5, HFD, and HFD + PM2.5 were evaluated biometric and metabolic profiles of mice, and cellular stress response (antioxidant defense and HSP70 status) of metabolic tissues. Extracellular to intracellular HSP70 ratio ([eHSP72]/[iHSP70]), viz. H-index, was then calculated. HFD + PM2.5 mice presented a positive correlation between adiposity, increased body weight and glucose intolerance, and increased glucose and triacylglycerol plasma levels. Pancreas exhibited lower iHSP70 expression, accompanied by 3.7-fold increase in the plasma to pancreas [eHSP72]/[iHSP70] ratio. Exposure to PM2.5 markedly potentiated metabolic dysfunction in HFD-treated mice and promoted relevant alteration in cell stress response assessed by [eHSP72]/[iHSP70], a relevant biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammatory state and T2DM risk.
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Cheng YS, Dai DZ, Dai Y, Zhu DD, Liu BC. Exogenous hydrogen sulphide ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by reversing disordered calcium-handling system in sarcoplasmic reticulum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:379-88. [PMID: 26968978 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) has been found to be involved in cardiovascular diseases, but the exact mechanism has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sodium hydrogen sulphide (NaHS), the donor of H2 S, can improve diabetic cardiomyopathy by reversing disordered calcium-handling system in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg, i.p.) to build diabetic model. Treatment groups included: aminoguanidine group (AG, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and NaHS group (5 mg/kg per day, s.c.). KEY FINDINGS Cardiac dysfunction and myocardial hypertrophy were found in diabetic model (DM) group, along with increased ROS levels and upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of NADPH p22(phox) , endothelin A receptor (ETA ) and protein kinase Cε (PKCε). Expressions of calcium-handling proteins in SR including FK506-binding proteins (FKBP12.6), sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2a) and calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) were downregulated in DM group, accompanied by elevated concentration of diastolic free calcium in high glucose-incubated cardiomyocytes, indicating of calcium leak. After treated by NaHS, these abnormalities were attenuated significantly. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous H2 S played a protective role in diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting abnormal calcium-handling system in SR and ET-NADPH oxidase-PKCε pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Si Cheng
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - De-Zai Dai
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Dai
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Molina MN, Ferder L, Manucha W. Emerging Role of Nitric Oxide and Heat Shock Proteins in Insulin Resistance. Curr Hypertens Rep 2015; 18:1. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhou H, Chen M, Zhu Y, Wang B, Liu XN, Zuo Z, Tang FY. Polymorphisms in NADPH oxidase CYBA gene modify the risk of ESRD in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Ren Fail 2015; 38:262-7. [PMID: 26627442 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1117905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) was defined as start of renal replacement therapy or death due to kidney disease. However, death due to acute kidney injury was not included. It typically occurs when chronic renal failure progresses to a point where the kidneys are permanently functioning at less than 10% of their capacity. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in ESRD. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is one of the most important enzymes during oxidative stress. Cytochrome b light chain (CYBA), encoded by a polymorphic gene, which is a critical component of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)/NADPH oxidase system and plays an important role in electron transport and superoxide anion production, is located on chromosome band 16q24 and has six exons spanning almost 7.76 kb of genomic DNA. CYBA gene polymorphisms can influence the activity of NADPH oxidase. To evaluate the association between CYBA gene polymorphisms and ESRD, we genotyped five CYBA polymorphisms using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay on DNA samples from 306 healthy controls and 332 patients with ESRD. Our results suggested that rs1049255 polymorphism of CYBA modified the risk of ESRD (p = 0.019; OR = 0.625; 95%CI = 0.424-0.921). GG genotype and G allele might be a protective factor against the risk of ESRD, especially in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- a Department of Nephrology , Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Huaian , Jiangsu , China
| | - Min Chen
- a Department of Nephrology , Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Huaian , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ying Zhu
- a Department of Nephrology , Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Huaian , Jiangsu , China
| | - Bing Wang
- b Department of Clinical Laboratory , Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Huaian , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiao-ning Liu
- b Department of Clinical Laboratory , Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Huaian , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhi Zuo
- c Department of Cardiology , Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Feng-Ying Tang
- a Department of Nephrology , Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Huaian , Jiangsu , China
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Oral supplementations with L-glutamine or L-alanyl-L-glutamine do not change metabolic alterations induced by long-term high-fat diet in the B6.129F2/J mouse model of insulin resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:351-62. [PMID: 26530165 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to investigate the effects of long-term supplementations with L-glutamine or L-alanyl-L-glutamine in the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed B6.129SF2/J mouse model over insulin sensitivity response and signaling, oxidative stress markers, metabolism and HSP70 expression. Mice were fed in a standard low-fat diet (STA) or a HFD for 20 weeks. In the 21th week, mice from the HFD group were allocated in five groups and supplemented for additional 8 weeks with different amino acids: HFD control group (HFD-Con), HFD + dipeptide L-alanyl-L-glutamine group (HFD-Dip), HFD + L-alanine group (HFD-Ala), HFD + L-glutamine group (HFD-Gln), or the HFD + L-alanine + L-glutamine (in their free forms) group (HFD-Ala + Gln). HFD induced higher body weight, fat pad, fasted glucose, and total cholesterol in comparison with STA group. Amino acid supplementations did not induce any modifications in these parameters. Although insulin tolerance tests indicated insulin resistance in all HFD groups, amino acid supplementations did not improve insulin sensitivity in the present model. There were also no significant differences in the immunocontents of insulin receptor, Akt, and Toll-like receptor-4. Notably, total 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP72 + HSP73) contents in the liver was markedly increased in HFD-Con group as compared to STA group, which might suggest that insulin resistance is only in the beginning. Apparently, B6.129SF2/J mice are more resistant to the harmful effects of HFD through a mechanism that may include gut adaptation, reducing the absorption of nutrients, including amino acids, which may explain the lack of improvements in our intervention.
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Trentin-Sonoda M, da Silva RC, Kmit FV, Abrahão MV, Monnerat Cahli G, Brasil GV, Muzi-Filho H, Silva PA, Tovar-Moll FF, Vieyra A, Medei E, Carneiro-Ramos MS. Knockout of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Prevents Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139350. [PMID: 26448184 PMCID: PMC4598103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the pathways linked to Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLRs) are involved in renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Wild type (WT) C57BL/6J, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- mice were subjected to left kidney ischemia for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 5, 8, 12 and 15 days. Proton density magnetic resonance showed alterations in the injured kidney from WT mice, together with signs of parenchymal edema and higher levels of vimentin mRNA, accompanied by: (i) small, but significant, increase in serum urea after 24 h, (ii) 100% increase in serum creatinine at 24 h. A serum peak of inflammatory cytokines occurred after 5 days of reperfusion. Heart weight/body weight and heart weight/tibia length ratios increased after 12 and 15 days of reperfusion, respectively. Cardiac hypertrophy markers, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and α-actin, left ventricle mass, cardiac wall thickness and myocyte width increased after 15 days of reperfusion, together with longer QTc and action potential duration. Cardiac TLRs, MyD88, HSP60 and HSP70 mRNA levels also increased. After 15 days of reperfusion, absence of TLRs prevented cardiac hypertrophy, as reflected by similar values of left ventricular cardiac mass and heart weight/body weight ratio compared to the transgenic Sham. Renal tissular injury also ameliorated in both knockout mice, as revealed by the comparison of their vimentin mRNA levels with those found in the WT on the same day after I/R. The I/R TLR2-/- group had TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β levels similar to the non-I/R group, whereas the TLR4-/- group conserved the p-NF-κB/NF- κB ratio contrasting with that found in TLR2-/-. We conclude: (i) TLRs are involved in renal I/R-induced cardiac hypertrophy; (ii) absence of TLRs prevents I/R-induced cardiac hypertrophy, despite renal lesions seeming to evolve towards those of chronic disease; (iii) TLR2 and TLR4 selectively regulate the systemic inflammatory profile and NF- κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Trentin-Sonoda
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Vieira Kmit
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Monnerat Cahli
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Visconde Brasil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Humberto Muzi-Filho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo André Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Freire Tovar-Moll
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Medei
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Krause M, Ludwig MS, Heck TG, Takahashi HK. Heat shock proteins and heat therapy for type 2 diabetes: pros and cons. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2015; 18:374-80. [PMID: 26049635 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heat therapy, such as sauna and hot tub, has become an increasingly regular therapeutical practice around the world since several studies have shown benefits of heat therapy in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The use of heat therapy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus revealed a striking reduction of 1% unit in the glycated hemoglobin, suggesting this therapy for the treatment of diabetes. Herein, we shall discuss the use of heat therapy and the mechanisms involved, and suggest a provisional guide for the use of heat therapy in obesity and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Human studies indicate that heat therapy reduces fasting glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, body weight, and adiposity. Animal studies have indicated that nitric oxide and the increase in heat shock protein 70 expression is involved in the improvements induced by heat therapy on insulin sensitivity, adiposity, inflammation, and vasomotricity. SUMMARY Heat therapy is a promising and inexpensive tool for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. We proposed that transient increments in nitric oxide and heat shock protein 70 levels may explain the benefits of heat therapy. We suggest that heat therapy (sauna: 80-100°C; hot tub: at 40°C) for 15 min, three times a week, for 3 months, is a safe method to test its efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Krause
- aLaboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre bResearch Group in Physiology (GPeF), Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUJÍ), Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Estrogen deprivation does not affect vascular heat shock response in female rats: a comparison with oxidative stress markers. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 407:239-49. [PMID: 26045174 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hot flashes, which involve a tiny rise in core temperature, are the most common complaint of peri- and post-menopausal women, being tightly related to decrease in estrogen levels. On the other hand, estradiol (E2) induces the expression of HSP72, a member of the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70), which are cytoprotective, cardioprotective, and heat inducible. Since HSP70 expression is compromised in age-related inflammatory diseases, we argued whether the capacity of triggering a robust heat shock (HS) response would be still present after E2 withdrawal. Hence, we studied the effects of HS treatment (hot tub) in female Wistar rats subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) after a 7-day washout period. Twelve h after HS, the animals were killed and aortic arches were surgically excised for molecular analyses. The results were compared with oxidative stress markers in the plasma (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and lipoperoxidation) because HSP70 expression is also sensitive to redox regulation. Extracellular (plasma) to intracellular HSP70 ratio, an index of systemic inflammatory status, was also investigated. The results showed that HS response was preserved in OVX animals, as inferred from HSP70 expression (up to 40% rise, p < 0.01) in the aortas, which was accompanied by no further alterations in oxidative stress, hematological parameters, and glycemic control either. This suggests that the lack of estrogen per se could not be solely ascribed as the unique source of low HSP70 expression as observed in long-term post-menopausal individuals. As a consequence, periodic evaluation of HSP70 status (iHSP70 vs. eHSP70) may be of clinical relevance because decreased HS response capacity is at the center of the onset of menopause-related dysfunctions.
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