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Mareboina M, Deng E, Mouratidis I, Yee NS, Pitteloud N, Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Chartoumpekis DV. A review on cell-free RNA profiling: Insights into metabolic diseases and predictive value for bariatric surgery outcomes. Mol Metab 2024; 87:101987. [PMID: 38977131 PMCID: PMC11305000 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of liquid biopsies presents a novel, minimally invasive methodology for the detection of disease biomarkers, offering a significant advantage over traditional biopsy techniques. Particularly, the analysis of cell-free RNA (cfRNA) has garnered interest due to its dynamic expression profiles and the capability to study various RNA species, including messenger RNA (mRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). These attributes position cfRNA as a versatile biomarker with broad potential applications in clinical research and diagnostics. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review delves into the utility of cfRNA biomarkers as prognostic tools for obesity-related comorbidities, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We evaluate the efficacy of cfRNA in forecasting metabolic outcomes associated with obesity and in identifying patients likely to experience favorable clinical outcomes following bariatric surgery. Additionally, this review synthesizes evidence from studies examining circulating cfRNA across different physiological and pathological states, with a focus on its role in diabetes, including disease progression monitoring and treatment efficacy assessment. Through this exploration, we underscore the emerging relevance of cfRNA signatures in the context of obesity and its comorbidities, setting the stage for future investigative efforts in this rapidly advancing domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvita Mareboina
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Elen Deng
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ioannis Mouratidis
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nelson S Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Next-Generation Therapies Program, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Li Y, Baumert BO, Costello E, Chen JC, Rock S, Stratakis N, Goodrich JA, Zhao Y, Eckel SP, Walker DI, Valvi D, La Merrill MA, McConnell R, Cortessis VK, Aung M, Wu H, Baccarelli A, Conti D, Chatzi L. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers and dysregulation of MicroRNA expression in humans and animals-A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117832. [PMID: 38056610 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals characterized by their environmental persistence. Evidence suggests that exposure to POPs, which is ubiquitous, is associated with microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation. miRNA are key regulators in many physiological processes. It is thus of public health concern to understand the relationships between POPs and miRNA as related to health outcomes. OBJECTIVES This systematic review evaluated the relationship between widely recognized, intentionally manufactured, POPs, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT], dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [DDE], hexachlorobenzene [HCB]), with miRNA expression in both human and animal studies. METHODS We used PubMed and Embase to systematically search the literature up to September 29th, 2023. Search results for human and animal studies were included if they incorporated at least one POP of interest in relation to at least one miRNA. Data were synthesized to determine the direction and significance of associations between POPs and miRNA. We utilized ingenuity pathway analysis to review disease pathways for miRNA that were associated with POPs. RESULTS Our search identified 38 eligible studies: 9 in humans and 29 in model organisms. PFAS were associated with decreased expression of miR-19, miR-193b, and miR-92b, as well as increased expression of miR-128, miR-199a-3p, and miR-26b across species. PCBs were associated with increased expression of miR-15a, miR-1537, miR-21, miR-22-3p, miR-223, miR-30b, and miR-34a, as well as decreased expression of miR-130a and let-7b in both humans and animals. Pathway analysis for POP-associated miRNA identified pathways related to carcinogenesis. DISCUSSION This is the first systematic review of the association of POPs with miRNA in humans and model organisms. Large-scale prospective human studies are warranted to examine the role of miRNA as mediators between POPs and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Brittney O Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiawen Carmen Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria K Cortessis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Max Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Martino F, Bassareo PP, Martino E, Romeo F, Calcaterra G, Perrone Filardi P, Indolfi C, Nodari S, Montemurro V, Guccione P, Salvo GD, Chessa M, Pedrinelli R, Mercuro G, Barillà F. Cardiovascular prevention in childhood: a consensus document of the Italian Society of Cardiology Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Prevention in Paediatric Age. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:492-505. [PMID: 37409595 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may be manifested from a very early age. Genetic and environmental (epigenetic) factors interact to affect development and give rise to an abnormal phenotypical expression of genetic information, although not eliciting changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. It has been scientifically proven that increased oxidative stress (OS) caused by disease (overweight, obesity, diabetes), nutritional imbalances, unhealthy lifestyles (smoking, alcohol, substance abuse) in the mother during pregnancy may induce placental dysfunction, intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, low birth weight, postnatal adiposity rebound, metabolic alterations and consequent onset of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. OS represents the cornerstone in the onset of atherosclerosis and manifestation of CVD following an extended asymptomatic period. OS activates platelets and monocytes eliciting the release of pro-inflammatory, pro-atherogenic and pro-oxidising substances resulting in endothelial dysfunction, decrease in flow-mediated arterial dilatation and increase in carotid intima-media thickness. The prevention of CVD is defined as primordial (aimed at preventing risk factors development), primary (aimed at early identification and treatment of risk factors), secondary (aimed at reducing risk of future events in patients who have already manifested a cardiovascular event), and tertiary (aimed at limiting the complex outcome of disease). Atherosclerosis prevention should be implemented as early as possible. Appropriate screening should be carried out to identify children at high risk who are apparently healthy and implement measures including dietary and lifestyle changes, addition of nutritional supplements and, lastly, pharmacological treatment if risk profiles fail to normalise. Reinstating endothelial function during the reversible stage of atherosclerosis is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Martino
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Bassareo
- University College of Dublin, School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital and Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eliana Martino
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro
| | - Savina Nodari
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia
| | | | - Paolo Guccione
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery, Cardio-pulmonary Transplantation, IRCCS Bambino Gesu'Paediatric Hospital, Rome
| | - Giovanni Di Salvo
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua
| | - Massimo Chessa
- ACHD UNIT, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan
| | - Roberto Pedrinelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa
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Ortega R, Liu B, Persaud SJ. Effects of miR-33 Deficiency on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases: Implications for Therapeutic Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10777. [PMID: 37445956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally inhibit gene expression. These small molecules are involved in several biological conditions such as inflammation, cell growth and proliferation, and regulation of energy metabolism. In the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, miR-33 is of particular interest as it has been implicated in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. This miRNA is located in introns harboured in the genes encoding sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 and SREBP-2, which are key transcription factors involved in lipid biosynthesis and cholesterol efflux. This review outlines the role of miR-33 in a range of metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies, such as dyslipidaemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and it provides discussion about the effectiveness of miR-33 deficiency as a possible therapeutic strategy to prevent the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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5
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The Role of MicroRNAs in Hyperlipidemia: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutical Application. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:3101900. [PMID: 35757107 PMCID: PMC9232323 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder with high morbidity and mortality, which brings heavy burden on social. Understanding its pathogenesis and finding its potential therapeutic targets are the focus of current research in this field. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have proved that miRNAs play vital roles in regulating lipid metabolism and were considered as promising therapeutic targets for hyperlipidemia and related diseases. It is demonstrated that miR-191, miR-222, miR-224, miR-27a, miR-378a-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-483, and miR-520d-5p were closely associated with the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia. In this review, we provide brief overviews about advances in miRNAs in hyperlipidemia and its potential clinical application value.
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6
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Monayo SM, Liu X. The Prospective Application of Melatonin in Treating Epigenetic Dysfunctional Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:867500. [PMID: 35668933 PMCID: PMC9163742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, different human disorders were described by scientists from the perspective of either environmental factors or just by genetically related mechanisms. The rise in epigenetic studies and its modifications, i.e., heritable alterations in gene expression without changes in DNA sequences, have now been confirmed in diseases. Modifications namely, DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs have led to a better understanding of the coaction between epigenetic alterations and human pathologies. Melatonin is a widely-produced indoleamine regulator molecule that influences numerous biological functions within many cell types. Concerning its broad spectrum of actions, melatonin should be investigated much more for its contribution to the upstream and downstream mechanistic regulation of epigenetic modifications in diseases. It is, therefore, necessary to fill the existing gaps concerning corresponding processes associated with melatonin with the physiological abnormalities brought by epigenetic modifications. This review outlines the findings on melatonin’s action on epigenetic regulation in human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. It summarizes the ability of melatonin to act on molecules such as proteins and RNAs which affect the development and progression of diseases.
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7
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D'Agostino M, Beji S, Sileno S, Lulli D, Mercurio L, Madonna S, Cirielli C, Pallotta S, Albanesi C, Capogrossi MC, Avitabile D, Melillo G, Magenta A. Extracellular Nucleophosmin Is Increased in Psoriasis and Correlates With the Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:867813. [PMID: 35571214 PMCID: PMC9095901 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.867813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that genotoxic stress induced an active extracellular release of nucleophosmin (NPM) in human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells, and that serum deprivation provokes NPM secretion from human endothelial cells, eliciting inflammation via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) transcriptional activation. In this study, we wanted to determine whether NPM was similarly modulated in the skin and plasma of psoriatic patients (Pso). We found that NPM was induced in 6 skin biopsies compared to 6 normal skin biopsies and was markedly increased in lesional (LS) vs. non-lesional skin (NLS) biopsies. Moreover, NPM was also increased at the transcriptional levels in LS vs. NLS. Both the innate stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharides and Poly inositol–cytosine and adaptive stimuli, that is, cytokine mix, were able to induce the extracellular release of NPM in immortalized keratinocytes and human skin fibroblasts in the absence of cytotoxicity. Interestingly, NPM interacts with Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 in these cells and activates an NF-kB-dependent inflammatory pathway upregulating interleukin IL-6 and COX-2 gene expression. Finally, circulating NPM was increased in the plasma of 29 Pso compared to 29 healthy controls, and positively correlates with psoriasis area severity index (PASI) and with determinants of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as pulse wave velocity, systolic pressure, and left ventricular mass. Furthermore, NPM positively correlates with miR-200c circulating levels, which we previously showed to increase in Pso and correlate with CVD progression. Our data show that circulating miR-200c is physically associated with extracellular NPM, which most probably is responsible for its extracellular release and protection upon cytokine mix via a TLR4-mechanism. In conclusion, NPM is increased in psoriasis both in the skin and plasma and might be considered a novel biologic target to counteract chronic inflammation associated with CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco D'Agostino
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Beji
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Sileno
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Lulli
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mercurio
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Cirielli
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Sabatino Pallotta
- Division of Dermatology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio C. Capogrossi
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Guido Melillo
- Unit of Cardiology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Magenta
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Magenta
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8
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Ferreira D, Moreira JN, Rodrigues LR. New Advances in Exosome-based Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 172:103628. [PMID: 35189326 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various drug nano-delivery platforms have emerged to enhance drug effectiveness in cancer treatment. However, their successful translation to clinics have been hampered by unwanted side effects, as well as associated toxicity. Therefore, there is an imperative need for drug delivery vehicles capable of surpassing cellular barriers and also efficiently transfer therapeutic payloads to tumor cells. Exosomes, a class of small extracellular vesicles naturally released from all cells, have been exploited as a favorable delivery vehicle due to their natural role in intracellular communication and biocompatibility. In this review, information on exosome biogenesis, contents, forms of isolation and their natural functions is discussed, further complemented with the various successful methodologies for therapeutic payloads encapsulation, including distinct loading approaches. In addition, grafting of molecules to improve pharmacokinetics, tumor homing-ligands, as well as stimuli-responsive elements to enhance cell specificity are also debated. In the end, the current status of clinical-grade exosome-based therapies is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Ferreira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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9
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Dorairaj V, Sulaiman SA, Abu N, Abdul Murad NA. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Pathogenesis and Noninvasive Diagnosis. Biomedicines 2021; 10:15. [PMID: 35052690 PMCID: PMC8773432 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), as it is now known, has gradually increased. NAFLD is a disease with a spectrum of stages ranging from simple fatty liver (steatosis) to a severe form of steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which could progress to irreversible liver injury (fibrosis) and organ failure, and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although a liver biopsy remains the gold standard for accurate detection of this condition, it is unsuitable for clinical screening due to a higher risk of death. There is thus an increased need to find alternative techniques or tools for accurate diagnosis. Early detection for NASH matters for patients because NASH is the marker for severe disease progression. This review summarizes the current noninvasive tools for NAFLD diagnosis and their performance. We also discussed potential and newer alternative tools for diagnosing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siti Aishah Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (V.D.); (N.A.); (N.A.A.M.)
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10
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Sileno S, Beji S, D'Agostino M, Carassiti A, Melillo G, Magenta A. microRNAs involved in psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 3:R49-R68. [PMID: 34291190 PMCID: PMC8284950 DOI: 10.1530/vb-21-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin. Both genetic and environmental factors play a pathogenic role in psoriasis and contribute to the severity of the disease. Psoriasis, in fact, has been associated with different comorbidities such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, gastrointestinal or kidney diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD). Indeed, life expectancy in severe psoriasis is reduced by up to 5 years due to CVD and CeVD. Moreover, patients with severe psoriasis have a higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and hypertension. Further, systemic inflammation is associated with oxidative stress increase and induces endothelial damage and atherosclerosis progression. Different miRNA have been already described in psoriasis, both in the skin tissues and in the blood flow, to play a role in the progression of disease. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the most important miRNAs that play a role in psoriasis and are also linked to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sileno
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Beji
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco D'Agostino
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carassiti
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Melillo
- Unit of Cardiology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Magenta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Rome, Italy
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11
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Wu Y, Jiang L, Zhang H, Cheng S, Wen W, Xu L, Zhang F, Yang Y, Wang L, Chen J. Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients and validation of atherosclerosis associated critical regulatory network. Genomics 2021; 113:2572-2582. [PMID: 34052320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare, life-threatening genetic disorder characterized by an extremely elevated serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and accelerated premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, the detailed mechanism of how the pathogenic mutations of HoFH trigger the acceleration of ASCVD is not well understood. Therefore, we performed high-throughput RNA and small RNA sequencing on the peripheral blood RNA samples of six HoFH patients and three healthy controls. The gene and miRNA expression differences were analyzed, and seven miRNAs and six corresponding genes were screened out through regulatory network analysis. Validation through quantitative PCR of genes and miRNAs from 52 HoFH patients and 20 healthy controls revealed that the expression levels of hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-941, and BIRC5 were significantly upregulated in HoFH, while ID1, PLA2G4C, and CACNA2D2 were downregulated. Spearman correlation analysis found that the levels of ID1, hsa-miR-941, and hsa-miR-486-3p were significantly correlated with additional ASCVD risk factors in HoFH patients. This study represents the first integrated analysis of transcriptome and miRNA expression profiles in patients with HoFH, a rare disease, and as a result, six differentially expressed miRNAs/genes that may be related to atherosclerosis in HoFH are reported. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network may be the critical regulation mechanism by which ASCVD is accelerated in HoFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Cardiovascular, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006,China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shitong Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wenhui Wen
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liyuan Xu
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Luya Wang
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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12
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Escolà-Gil JC, Rotllan N, Julve J, Blanco-Vaca F. Reverse Cholesterol Transport Dysfunction Is a Feature of Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:29. [PMID: 33914189 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We seek to establish whether high-density lipoprotein HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) impairment is an intrinsic feature of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). RECENT FINDINGS RCT from macrophages (m-RCT), a vascular cell type of major influence on atherosclerosis, is impaired in FH due to defective low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) function via both the HDL- and LDL-mediated pathways. Potential mechanisms include impaired HDL metabolism, which is linked to increased LDL levels, as well as the increased transport of cellular unesterified cholesterol to LDL, which presents a defective catabolism. RCT dysfunction is consistently associated with mutation-positive FH linked to decreased HDL levels as well as impaired HDL remodeling and LDLR function. It remains to be explored whether these alterations are also present in less well-characterized forms of FH, such as cases with no identified mutations, and whether they are fully corrected by current standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain. .,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noemí Rotllan
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Jonas W, Schürmann A. Genetic and epigenetic factors determining NAFLD risk. Mol Metab 2020; 50:101111. [PMID: 33160101 PMCID: PMC8324682 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is a common chronic liver disease that can progress into more severe stages of NAFLD or promote the development of life-threatening secondary diseases for some of those affected. These include the liver itself (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH; fibrosis and cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) or other organs such as the vessels and the heart (cardiovascular disease) or the islets of Langerhans (type 2 diabetes). In addition to elevated caloric intake and a sedentary lifestyle, genetic and epigenetic predisposition contribute to the development of NAFLD and the secondary diseases. SCOPE OF REVIEW We present data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and functional studies in rodents which describe polymorphisms identified in genes relevant for the disease as well as changes caused by altered DNA methylation and gene regulation via specific miRNAs. The review also provides information on the current status of the use of genetic and epigenetic factors as risk markers. MAJOR CONCLUSION With our overview we provide an insight into the genetic and epigenetic landscape of NAFLD and argue about the applicability of currently defined risk scores for risk stratification and conclude that further efforts are needed to make the scores more usable and meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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14
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Blinc L, Mlinaric M, Battelino T, Groselj U. High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Carotid Intima Media Thickness as Markers of Subclinical Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Pediatric Patients with Hypercholesterolemia. Molecules 2020; 25:E5118. [PMID: 33158028 PMCID: PMC7663751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major cause of atherosclerosis development and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). It leads to inflammation, which further accelerates atherosclerosis progression. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by elevated serum LDL-c from birth, due to a disease-causing variant in one of the causative genes (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9). In polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PH), the disease-causing genetic variant is absent; it is likely the cumulative result of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms in LDL metabolism-related genes and other factors, such as lifestyle and environment. In high risk groups, such as patients with FH, an effective primary prevention of CVD must begin in childhood. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) are two potential minimally invasive correlates of inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis progression. hsCRP and cIMT have been shown to be significantly increased in patients with FH and PH relative to healthy controls, with some studies yielding conflicting results. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge and recent findings regarding the applicability of hsCRP and cIMT as markers of low-grade inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis, focusing especially on children and adolescents with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Blinc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Matej Mlinaric
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Bohoriceva ulica 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (T.B.)
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Bohoriceva ulica 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Urh Groselj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (T.B.)
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Bohoriceva ulica 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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15
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Analysis of HDL-microRNA panel in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia subjects with LDL receptor null or defective mutation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20354. [PMID: 31889114 PMCID: PMC6937253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years increasing attention has been given to the connection between genotype/phenotype and cardiovascular events in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). MicroRNAs (miRs) bound to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may contribute to better discriminate the cardiovascular risk of FH subjects. Our aim was to evaluate the HDL-miR panel in heterozygous FH (HeFH) patients with an LDLR null or defective mutation and its association with pulse wave velocity (PWV). We evaluated lipid panel, HDL-miR panel and PWV in 32 LDLR null mutation (LDLR-null group) and 35 LDLR defective variant (LDLR-defective group) HeFH patients. HDL-miR-486 and HDL-miR-92a levels were more expressed in the LDLR-null group than the LDLR-defective group. When we further stratified the study population into three groups according to both the LDLR genotype and history of ASCVD (LDLR-null/not-ASCVD, LDLR-defective/not-ASCVD and LDLR/ASCVD groups), both the LDLR/ASCVD and the LDLR-null/not-ASCVD groups had a higher expression of HDL-miR-486 and HDL-miR-92a than the LDLR-defective/not-ASCVD group. Finally, HDL-miR-486 and HDL-miR-92a were independently associated with PWV. In conclusion, the LDLR-null group exhibited HDL-miR-486 and HDL-miR-92a levels more expressed than the LDLR-defective group. Further studies are needed to evaluate these HDL-miRs as predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular events in FH.
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16
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Magenta A, D'Agostino M, Sileno S, Di Vito L, Uras C, Abeni D, Martino F, Barillà F, Madonna S, Albanesi C, Napolitano M, Capogrossi MC, Melillo G. The Oxidative Stress-Induced miR-200c Is Upregulated in Psoriasis and Correlates with Disease Severity and Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8061901. [PMID: 31929856 PMCID: PMC6939435 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8061901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and a higher risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. We previously showed that the miR-200 family (miR-200s) is induced by ROS, miR-200c being the most upregulated member responsible for apoptosis, senescence, ROS increase, and nitric oxide decrease, finally causing endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, circulating miR-200c increases in familial hypercholesterolemic children and in plaques and plasma of atherosclerotic patients, two pathologies associated with increased ROS. Given miR-200s' role in endothelial dysfunction, ROS, and inflammation, we hypothesized that miR-200s were modulated in lesional skin (LS) and plasma of psoriatic patients (Pso) and that their levels correlated with some CV risk determinants at a subclinical level. All Pso had severe psoriasis, i.e., Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) > 10, and one of the following: at least two systemic psoriasis treatments, age at onset < 40 years, and disease duration > 10 years. RNA was extracted from plasma (Pso, N = 29; Ctrl, N = 29) and from nonlesional skin (NLS) and LS of 6 Pso and 6 healthy subject skin (HS) biopsies. miR-200 levels were assayed by quantitative RT-PCR. We found that all miR-200s were increased in LS vs. NLS and miR-200c was the most expressed and upregulated in LS vs. HS. In addition, circulating miR-200c and miR-200a were upregulated in Pso vs. Ctrl. Further, miR-200c positively correlated with PASI, disease duration, left ventricular (LV) mass, LV relative wall thickness (RWT), and E/e', a marker of diastolic dysfunction. Multiple regression analysis indicates a direct association between miR-200c and both RWT and LV mass. Circulating miR-200a correlated positively only with LV mass and arterial pressure augmentation index, a measure of stiffness, although the correlations were nearly significant (P = 0.06). In conclusion, miR-200c is upregulated in LS and plasma of Pso, suggesting its role in ROS increase and inflammation associated with CV risk in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Magenta
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M. D'Agostino
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Sileno
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Di Vito
- Unit of Cardiology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Uras
- Unit of Cardiology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D. Abeni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Martino
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - F. Barillà
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S. Madonna
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Albanesi
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - M. C. Capogrossi
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G. Melillo
- Unit of Cardiology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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17
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de Nigris F, Cacciatore F, Mancini FP, Vitale DF, Mansueto G, D'Armiento FP, Schiano C, Soricelli A, Napoli C. Epigenetic Hallmarks of Fetal Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Humans. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 3:1184-1191. [PMID: 30419118 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Importance Although increasingly strong evidence suggests a role of maternal total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels during pregnancy as a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease in the offspring, the underlying mechanisms need to be clarified for future clinical applications. Objective To test whether epigenetic signatures characterize early fetal atherogenesis associated with maternal hypercholesterolemia and to provide a quantitative estimate of the contribution of maternal cholesterol level to fetal lesion size. Design, Setting, and Participants This autopsy study analyzed 78 human fetal aorta autopsy samples from the Division of Human Pathology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. Maternal levels of total cholesterol, LDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides, and glucose and body mass index (BMI) were determined during hospitalization owing to spontaneous fetal death. Data were collected and immediately processed and analyzed to prevent degradation from January 1, 2011, through November 30, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measurements Results of DNA methylation and messenger RNA levels of the following genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were assessed: superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), liver X receptor α (LXRα), and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1). Results Among the 78 fetal samples included in the analysis (59% male; mean [SD] fetal age, 25 [3] weeks), maternal cholesterol level explained a significant proportion of the fetal aortic lesion variance in multivariate analysis (61%; P = .001) independently by the effect of levels of HDLC, triglycerides, and glucose and BMI. Moreover, maternal total cholesterol and LDLC levels were positively associated with methylation of SREBP2 in fetal aortas (Pearson correlation, 0.488 and 0.503, respectively), whereas in univariate analysis, they were inversely correlated with SREBP2 messenger RNA levels in fetal aortas (Pearson correlation, -0.534 and -0.671, respectively). Epivariations of genes controlling cholesterol metabolism in cholesterol-treated human aortic endothelial cells were also observed. Conclusions and Relevance The present study provides a stringent quantitative estimate of the magnitude of the association of maternal cholesterol levels during pregnancy with fetal aortic lesions and reveals the epigenetic response of fetal aortic SREBP2 to maternal cholesterol level. The role of maternal cholesterol level during pregnancy and epigenetic signature in offspring in cardiovascular primary prevention warrants further long-term causal relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciatore
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ospedale Monaldi, Naples, Italy.,Epidemiology Section, Maugeri Foundation, Telese Terme, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco P Mancini
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Dino F Vitale
- Epidemiology Section, Maugeri Foundation, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Mansueto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco P D'Armiento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Schiano
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Naples, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Aging and Metabolic Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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18
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Corona-Meraz FI, Vázquez-Del Mercado M, Ortega FJ, Ruiz-Quezada SL, Guzmán-Ornelas MO, Navarro-Hernández RE. Ageing influences the relationship of circulating miR-33a and miR- 33b levels with insulin resistance and adiposity. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019; 16:244-253. [PMID: 30537863 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118816659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The identification of circulating microRNAs related to abnormal metabolic function may be useful in the context of ageing, adiposity and insulin resistance. The miR-33 a/b has been shown to control the expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, impaired metabolism and insulin resistance. In this study, we aimed to identify differences in circulating miR-33 a/b levels according to age-related metabolic impairment and increased adiposity. METHODS This study included 80 individuals (30.2% with obesity, 70% females) classified according to insulin resistance (Stern's criteria) and age [young (20-39 years) and senior (40-59 years)]. Body fat was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance, biochemical markers by colorimetric, enzymatic and immuno-turbidimetry methods. TaqMan measures of circulating miR-33 a and miR-33 b with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in serum were assessed in association with clinical outputs. RESULTS Circulating miR-33 a and miR-33 b levels showed significant association with fatness, the lipid profile and biomarkers of impaired glucose metabolism. Both miR-33 a and miR-33 b were associated with visceral adiposity index in non-insulin resistance and insulin resistance individuals. More important, for miR-33 a circulating levels in senior group, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed area under the curve 0.804 ( p = 0.010; 95% confidence interval = 0.655-0.952). CONCLUSION Ageing influenced the relationship of circulating miR-33 a and miR-33 b with insulin resistance and increased adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda-Isadora Corona-Meraz
- 1 Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Musculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
- 2 UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Mónica Vázquez-Del Mercado
- 1 Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Musculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
- 3 Servicio de Reumatología, División de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil 'Dr. Juan I. Menchaca', Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
- 4 UDG-CA-703, Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología y Reumatología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Francisco José Ortega
- 5 CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- 6 Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Sandra-Luz Ruiz-Quezada
- 7 UDG-CA-817 Investigación Genómica y Biomédica, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Milton-Omar Guzmán-Ornelas
- 8 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, México
| | - Rosa-Elena Navarro-Hernández
- 1 Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Musculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
- 2 UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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19
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Human MiR-4660 regulates the expression of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and may be a biomarker for idiopathic oxalosis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2019; 23:890-897. [PMID: 30852714 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-019-01723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of oxalate synthesis can cause calcium oxalate stone disease and inherited primary hyperoxaluria (PH) disorders. PH type I (PH1) is one of the most severe hyperoxaluria disorders, which results in urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and end-stage renal disease. Here, we sought to determine the role of microRNAs in regulating AGXT to contribute to the pathogenesis of mutation-negative idiopathic oxalosis. METHODS We conducted bioinformatics to search for microRNAs binding to AGXT, and examined the expression of the highest hit (miR-4660) in serum samples of patients with oxalosis, liver tissue samples, and determined the correlation and regulation between the microRNA and AGXT in vitro. RESULTS MiR-4660 expression was downregulated in patients with oxalosis compared with healthy controls (84.03 copies/µL vs 33.02 copies/µL, P < 0.0001). Moreover, miR-4660 epigenetically decreased the expression of AGT in human liver tissues (Rho = - 0543, P = 0.037). Overexpression of miR-4660 in HepG2 and L02 cell lines led to dysregulation of AGXT at both the mRNA (by 71% and 81%, respectively; P < 0.001) and protein (by 49% and 42%, respectively; P < 0.0001) levels. We confirmed the direct target site of miR-4660 binding to the 3'UTR of AGXT by a luciferase assay. CONCLUSION MiR-4660 is probably a new biomarker for mutation-negative idiopathic oxalosis by regulating the post-transcription of AGXT, providing a potential treatment target of mutation-negative idiopathic oxalosis.
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20
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Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Stefanovic A, Jelic-Ivanovic Z, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V. Obesity and dyslipidemia. Metabolism 2019; 92:71-81. [PMID: 30447223 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a pandemic of the modern world, is intimately associated with dyslipidemia, which is mainly driven by the effects of insulin resistance and pro-inflammatory adipokines. However, recent evidence suggests that obesity-induced dyslipidemia is not a unique pathophysiological entity, but rather has distinct characteristics depending on many individual factors. In line with that, in a subgroup of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals, dyslipidemia is less prominent or even absent. In this review, we will address the main characteristics of dyslipidemia and mechanisms that induce its development in obesity. The fields, which should be further investigated to expand our knowledge on obesity-related dyslipidemia and potentially yield new strategies for prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk, will be highlighted. Also, we will discuss recent findings on novel lipid biomarkers in obesity, in particular proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), as the key molecule that regulates metabolism of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), as one of the most important mediators of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles function. Special attention will be given to microRNAs and their potential use as biomarkers of obesity-associated dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Jelic-Ivanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Miao L, Yin RX, Pan SL, Yang S, Yang DZ, Lin WX. Circulating miR-3659 may be a potential biomarker of dyslipidemia in patients with obesity. J Transl Med 2019; 17:25. [PMID: 30642348 PMCID: PMC6332685 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study attempted to identify potential key genes and miRNAs of dyslipidemia in obese, and to investigate the possible mechanisms associated with them. METHODS The microarray data of GSE66676 were downloaded, including 67 obese samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis was performed using WGCNA package and grey60 module was considered as the highest correlation. Gene Ontology annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses for this module were performed by clusterProfiler and DOSE package. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established using Cytoscape software, and significant modules were analyzed using molecular complex detection. RESULTS Collagen type I alpha 1 chain gene (COL1A1) had the best significant meaning. After bioinformatic analysis, we identified four miRNAs (hsa-miR-3659, hsa-miR-4658, hsa-miR151a-5p and hsa-miR-151b) which can bind SNPs in 3'UTR in COL1A1. After validation with RT-qPCR, only two miRNAs (hsa-miR-3659 and hsa-miR151a-5p) had statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The area of 0.806 for miR-3659 and 0.769 for miR-151a-5p under the ROC curve (AUC) may have good diagnostic value for dyslipidemia. Circulating miR-3659 may be a potential biomarker of dyslipidemia in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Shang-Ling Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Zhai Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xiong Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
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22
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MicroRNAs and other non-coding RNAs in adipose tissue and obesity: emerging roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:23-40. [PMID: 30606812 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic condition usually accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dyslipidaemia, which is characterised by excessive fat accumulation and related to white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction. Enlargement of WAT is associated with a transcriptional alteration of coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). For many years, big efforts have focused on understanding protein-coding RNAs and their involvement in the regulation of adipocyte physiology and subsequent role in obesity. However, diverse findings have suggested that a dysfunctional adipocyte phenotype in obesity might be also dependent on specific alterations in the expression pattern of ncRNAs, such as miRNAs. The aim of this review is to update current knowledge on the physiological roles of miRNAs and other ncRNAs in adipose tissue function and their potential impact on obesity. Therefore, we examined their regulatory role on specific WAT features: adipogenesis, adipokine secretion, inflammation, glucose metabolism, lipolysis, lipogenesis, hypoxia and WAT browning. MiRNAs can be released to body fluids and can be transported (free or inside microvesicles) to other organs, where they might trigger metabolic effects in distant tissues, thus opening new possibilities to a potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and personalisation of obesity treatment. Understanding the role of miRNAs also opens the possibility of using these molecules on individualised dietary strategies for precision weight management. MiRNAs should be envisaged as a future therapeutic approach given that miRNA levels could be modulated by synthetic molecules (f.i. miRNA mimics and inhibitors) and/or specific nutrients or bioactive compounds.
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23
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Suksangrat T, Phannasil P, Jitrapakdee S. miRNA Regulation of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Relation to Diabetes and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1134:129-148. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Atherosclerotic plaque instability in carotid arteries: miR-200c as a promising biomarker. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2423-2436. [PMID: 30389857 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early recognition of vulnerable carotid plaques could help in identifying patients at high stroke risk, who may benefit from earlier revascularisation. Nowadays, different biomarkers of plaque instability have been unravelled, among these miRNAs are promising tools for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endothelial dysfunction play a key role in unstable plaques genesis. We showed that miR-200c induces endothelial dysfunction, ROS production and a positive mechanism among miR-200c and miR-33a/b, two miRNAs involved in atherosclerosis progression. The goal of the present study was to determine whether miR-200c could be an atherosclerosis biomarker. Carotid plaques of patients that underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were assayed for miR-200c expression. miR-200c was up-regulated in carotid plaques (n=22) and its expression was higher in unstable (n=12) compared with stable (n=10) plaques. miR-200c positively correlated with instability biomarkers (i.e. monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, cicloxigenase-2 (COX2), interleukin 6 (IL6), metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 (MMP1), 9 (MMP9)) and miR-33a/b. Moreover, miR-200c negatively correlated with stability biomarkers (i.e. zinc finger E-box binding homoeobox 1 (ZEB1), endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), forkhead boxO1 (FOXO1) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1)) (stable plaques = 15, unstable plaques = 15). Circulating miR-200c was up-regulated before CEA in 24 patients, correlated with miR-33a/b and decreased 1 day after CEA. Interestingly, 1 month after CEA, circulating miR-200c is low in patients with stable plaques (n=11) and increased to control levels, in patients with unstable plaques (n=13). Further studies are needed to establish whether miR-200c represents a circulating biomarker of plaque instability. Our results show that miR-200c is an atherosclerotic plaque progression biomarker and suggest that it may be clinically useful to identify patients at high embolic risk.
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25
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Momtazi AA, Banach M, Pirro M, Stein EA, Sahebkar A. MicroRNAs: New Therapeutic Targets for Familial Hypercholesterolemia? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 54:224-233. [PMID: 28534160 PMCID: PMC5874276 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common inherited form of dyslipidemia and a major cause of premature cardiovascular disease. Management of FH mainly relies on the efficiency of treatments that reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been suggested as emerging regulators of plasma LDL-C concentrations. Notably, there is evidence showing that miRs can regulate the post-transcriptional expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of FH, including LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, and LDLRAP1. In addition, many miRs are located in genomic loci associated with abnormal levels of circulating lipids and lipoproteins in human plasma. The strong regulatory effects of miRs on the expression of FH-associated genes support of the notion that manipulation of miRs might serve as a potential novel therapeutic approach. The present review describes miRs-targeting FH-associated genes that could be used as potential therapeutic targets in patients with FH or other severe dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Zeromskiego 113, 90-549, Lodz, Poland. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland. .,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Evan A Stein
- Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran. .,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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26
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Bussler S, Penke M, Flemming G, Elhassan YS, Kratzsch J, Sergeyev E, Lipek T, Vogel M, Spielau U, Körner A, de Giorgis T, Kiess W. Novel Insights in the Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood and Adolescence. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 88:181-193. [PMID: 28848168 DOI: 10.1159/000479510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is recognized as an escalating major health risk in adults as well as in children and adolescents. Its prevalence ranges from 6 to 39% depending on the applied definition criteria. To date, there is no consensus on a MetS definition for children and adolescents. However, most authors agree on essential components such as glucose intolerance, central obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; each representing a risk for cardiovascular disease. Recently, associations between MetS and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperuricemia, and sleep disturbances have emerged. Biomarkers like adipocytokines are a subject of current research as they are implicated in the pathogenesis of the MetS. Epigenetics and gestational programming, especially the role of microRNA, comprise a novel, rapidly developing and promising research focus on the topic of MetS. MicroRNAs are increasingly valued for potential roles in the diagnosis, stratification, and therapeutics of MetS. Early detection of risk factors, screening for metabolic disturbances, and the identification of new therapies are major aims to reduce morbidity and mortality related to MetS. Dietary modification and physical activity are currently the only adopted treatment approaches. Pharmacological therapies and bariatric surgery are still contradictory and, therefore, are only recommended in selected high-risk cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bussler
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Department Woman and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Child Research Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Penke
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Department Woman and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunter Flemming
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Department Woman and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yasir S Elhassan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Sergeyev
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Department Woman and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Lipek
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Department Woman and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Department Woman and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Child Research Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Spielau
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Department Woman and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Department Woman and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Child Research Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tommaso de Giorgis
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Department Woman and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Department Woman and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Child Research Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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27
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Deng X, Qin S, Chen Y, Liu HY, Yuan E, Deng H, Liu SM. B-RCA revealed circulating miR-33a/b associates with serum cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients at high risk of ASCVD. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 140:191-199. [PMID: 29601916 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease with high incidence throughout the world. Dyslipidemia is the leading cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) in T2D patients. hsa-miR-33 (miR-33) serves as a regulator in lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that blood miR-33 associates with serum lipids in T2D patients at high risk of ASCVD events. METHODS We developed a branched rolling circle amplification (B-RCA) method and assessed its sensitivity and specificity with miR-33a/b standards by traditional TaqMan assay. Circulating miR-33a/b level was then determined with B-RCA in 30 T2D patients at high risk for developing ASCVD and 33 healthy controls. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between circulating miR-33a/b and serum cholesterol. RESULTS Compared with TaqMan assay, B-RCA method showed a similar specificity and a 100-fold higher sensitivity for miR-33a detection. Circulating miR-33a/b level is positively correlated with serum total cholesterol (TC) (r = 0.364, p = 0.048) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (r = 0.383, p = 0.037) in T2D patients at high risk for developing ASCVD. CONCLUSIONS Our B-RCA method provided an alternative strategy with specificity and high sensitivity for circulating miRNAs detection, and the results demonstrated that miR-33a/b might play an important role in cholesterol regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujing Deng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Yuqi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Huan-Yu Liu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, China.
| | - Erfeng Yuan
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China.
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28
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Dal Lin C, Gola E, Brocca A, Rubino G, Marinova M, Brugnolo L, Plebani M, Iliceto S, Tona F. miRNAs may change rapidly with thoughts: The Relaxation Response after myocardial infarction. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Koks N, de Vries MA, Birnie E, Alipour A, Castro Cabezas M. Glucose-dependent leucocyte activation in familial hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:839-846. [PMID: 28815569 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucocyte activation is an obligatory factor in the development of atherosclerosis. The postprandial situation has been associated to increased leucocyte activation in several disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Our study aim was to evaluate the effect of post-OGTT hyperglycaemia on leucocyte activation in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who met the diagnostic criteria for heterozygous FH and healthy volunteers were asked to undergo an oral glucose tolerance test. Leucocyte activation markers CD11b and CD66b were determined by flow cytometry. Post-OGTT changes were calculated as area under the curve (AUC) and the incremental area under the curve corrected for baseline values (dAUC). The impact of being an FH patient and using statins on the time-dependent profile of the leucocyte activation markers was studied with repeated measurements analysis. RESULTS Thirteen FH patients using statins, nine FH patients without statins and 14 healthy volunteers were included. FH subjects on statins had a slightly higher HbA1c than those not using these drugs or controls. Post-OGTT glucose levels were significantly higher in patients with FH when compared to healthy controls (P = 0·001). These effects were independent from the use of statins. CONCLUSIONS Surprisingly, our study shows impaired post-OGTT glucose excursions in patients with FH compared to healthy volunteers. Post-OGTT hyperglycaemia may be related to persistent post-OGTT activation of monocytes in FH patients compared to healthy controls, and therefore, it may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Koks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke A de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Birnie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Statistics and Education, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Woman and Baby, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arash Alipour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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30
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Huang K, Bao H, Yan ZQ, Wang L, Zhang P, Yao QP, Shi Q, Chen XH, Wang KX, Shen BR, Qi YX, Jiang ZL. MicroRNA-33 protects against neointimal hyperplasia induced by arterial mechanical stretch in the grafted vein. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:488-497. [PMID: 28137944 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Mechanical factors play significant roles in neointimal hyperplasia after vein grafting, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the roles of microRNA-33 (miR-33) in neointimal hyperplasia induced by arterial mechanical stretch after vein grafting. Methods and results Grafted veins were generated by the 'cuff' technique. Neointimal hyperplasia and cell proliferation was significantly increased, and miR-33 expression was decreased after 1-, 2-, and 4-week grafts. In contrast, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3), which is a putative target of miR-33, and the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad5, which are potential downstream targets of BMP3, were increased in the grafted veins. miR-33 mimics/inhibitor and dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interaction of miR-33 and BMP3. miR-33 mimics attenuated, while miR-33 inhibitor accelerated, proliferation of venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Moreover, recombinant BMP3 increased SMC proliferation and P-smad2 and P-smad5 levels, whereas BMP3-directed siRNAs had the opposite effect. Then, venous SMCs were exposed to a 10%-1.25 Hz cyclic stretch (arterial stretch) by using the FX4000 cyclic stretch loading system in vitro to mimic arterial mechanical conditions. The arterial stretch increased venous SMC proliferation and repressed miR-33 expression, but enhanced BMP3 expression and smad2 and smad5 phosphorylation. Furthermore, perivascular multi-point injection in vivo demonstrated that agomiR-33 not only attenuates BMP3 expression and smad2 and smad5 phosphorylation, but also slows neointimal formation and cell proliferation in grafted veins. These effects of agomiR-33 on grafted veins could be reversed by local injection of BMP3 lentivirus. Conclusion The miR-33-BMP3-smad signalling pathway protects against venous SMC proliferation in response to the arterial stretch. miR-33 is a target that attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in grafted vessels and may have potential clinical applications.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Antagomirs/genetics
- Antagomirs/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Hyperplasia
- Jugular Veins/metabolism
- Jugular Veins/pathology
- Jugular Veins/transplantation
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/transplantation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/transplantation
- Neointima
- Phosphorylation
- RNA Interference
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Smad5 Protein/metabolism
- Stress, Mechanical
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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31
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Bo L, Wei B, Wang Z, Kong D, Gao Z, Miao Z. Screening of Critical Genes and MicroRNAs in Blood Samples of Patients with Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms by Bioinformatic Analysis of Gene Expression Data. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4518-4525. [PMID: 28930970 PMCID: PMC5618721 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify more potential genes and miRNAs associated with the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Material/Methods The dataset of GSE36791 (accession number) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened for in the blood samples from patients with ruptured IAs and controls, followed by functional and pathway enrichment analyses. In addition, gene co-expression network was constructed and significant modules were extracted from the network by WGCNA R package. Screening for miRNAs that could regulate DEGs in the modules was performed and an analysis of regulatory relationships was conducted. Results A total of 304 DEGs (167 up-regulated and 137 down-regulated genes) were screened for in blood samples from patients with ruptured IAs compared with those from controls. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly associated with immune response and the down-regulated DEGs were mainly concerned with the structure of ribosome and translation. Besides, six functional modules were significantly identified, including four modules enriched by up-regulated genes and two modules enriched by down-regulated genes. Thereinto, the blue, yellow, and turquoise modules of up-regulated genes were all linked with immune response. Additionally, 16 miRNAs were predicted to regulate DEGs in the three modules associated with immune response, such as hsa-miR-1304, hsa-miR-33b, hsa-miR-125b, and hsa-miR-125a-5p. Conclusions Several genes and miRNAs (such as miR-1304, miR-33b, IRS2 and KCNJ2) may take part in the pathogenesis of IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Bo
- Department of Infections, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhanfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Daliang Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Zheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Baldassarre A, Felli C, Prantera G, Masotti A. Circulating microRNAs and Bioinformatics Tools to Discover Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers of Pediatric Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8090234. [PMID: 28925938 PMCID: PMC5615367 DOI: 10.3390/genes8090234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Current studies have shown that miRNAs are also present in extracellular spaces, packaged into various membrane-bound vesicles, or associated with RNA-binding proteins. Circulating miRNAs are highly stable and can act as intercellular messengers to affect many physiological processes. MicroRNAs circulating in body fluids have generated strong interest in their potential use as clinical biomarkers. In fact, their remarkable stability and the relative ease of detection make circulating miRNAs ideal tools for rapid and non-invasive diagnosis. This review summarizes recent insights about the origin, functions and diagnostic potential of extracellular miRNAs by especially focusing on pediatric diseases in order to explore the feasibility of alternative sampling sources for the development of non-invasive pediatric diagnostics. We will also discuss specific bioinformatics tools and databases for circulating miRNAs focused on the identification and discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers of pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Felli
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Prantera
- Department of Ecology and Biology, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Circulating miR-200c is up-regulated in paediatric patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia and correlates with miR-33a/b levels: implication of a ZEB1-dependent mechanism. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20171121 28811385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia provokes reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. We previously showed that circulating miR-33a/b expression levels were up-regulated in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). miR-33a/b control cholesterol homoeostasis and recently miR-33b has been demonstrated to directly target the transcription factor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). The latter acts in a negative feedback loop with the miR-200 family. Our previous studies showed that the ROS-dependent miR-200c up-regulation induces endothelial dysfunction and provokes a ZEB1-dependent apoptosis and senescence. In the present study, we aimed to verify whether circulating miR-200c was induced in FH children, and whether a correlation existed with miR-33a/b. Total RNA was extracted from plasma of 28 FH children and 25 age-matched healthy subjects (HS) and miR-200c levels were measured. We found that miR-200c was up-regulated in FH compared with HS (4.00 ± 0.48-fold increase, P<0.05) and exhibited a positive correlation with miR-33a/b. miR-200c did not correlate with plasma lipids, but correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels and glycaemia (GLI). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis revealed that miR-200c was significantly affected by GLI and by miR-33a (P<0.01; P<0.001 respectively). Moreover, we found that miR-33 overexpression, in different cell lines, decreased ZEB1 expression and up-regulated both the intracellular and the extracellular miR-200c expression levels. In conclusion, circulating miR-200c is up-regulated in FH, probably due to oxidative stress and inflammation and via a miR-33a/b-ZEB1-dependent mechanism. The present study could provide the first evidence to point to the use of miR-33a/b and miR-200c, as early biomarkers of CVD, in paediatric FH.
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Circulating miR-200c is up-regulated in paediatric patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia and correlates with miR-33a/b levels: implication of a ZEB1-dependent mechanism. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2397-2408. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20171121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia provokes reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. We previously showed that circulating miR-33a/b expression levels were up-regulated in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). miR-33a/b control cholesterol homoeostasis and recently miR-33b has been demonstrated to directly target the transcription factor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). The latter acts in a negative feedback loop with the miR-200 family. Our previous studies showed that the ROS-dependent miR-200c up-regulation induces endothelial dysfunction and provokes a ZEB1-dependent apoptosis and senescence. In the present study, we aimed to verify whether circulating miR-200c was induced in FH children, and whether a correlation existed with miR-33a/b. Total RNA was extracted from plasma of 28 FH children and 25 age-matched healthy subjects (HS) and miR-200c levels were measured. We found that miR-200c was up-regulated in FH compared with HS (4.00 ± 0.48-fold increase, P<0.05) and exhibited a positive correlation with miR-33a/b. miR-200c did not correlate with plasma lipids, but correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels and glycaemia (GLI). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis revealed that miR-200c was significantly affected by GLI and by miR-33a (P<0.01; P<0.001 respectively). Moreover, we found that miR-33 overexpression, in different cell lines, decreased ZEB1 expression and up-regulated both the intracellular and the extracellular miR-200c expression levels. In conclusion, circulating miR-200c is up-regulated in FH, probably due to oxidative stress and inflammation and via a miR-33a/b-ZEB1-dependent mechanism. The present study could provide the first evidence to point to the use of miR-33a/b and miR-200c, as early biomarkers of CVD, in paediatric FH.
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Rivera-Barahona A, Pérez B, Richard E, Desviat LR. Role of miRNAs in human disease and inborn errors of metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:471-480. [PMID: 28229250 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by base pairing with target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). They are estimated to target ∼60% of all human protein-coding genes and are involved in regulating key physiological processes and intracellular signaling pathways. They also exhibit tissue specificity, and their dysregulation is linked to the progression of pathology. Identifying disease associated miRNAs and their respective targets provides novel molecular insight into disease, enabling the design of new therapeutic strategies. Notably, miRNAs are present in stable form in biological fluids, making them amenable to routine clinical processing and analysis, which has paved the way for their use as novel biomarkers of disease and response to therapy. One of the most relevant findings in miRNA research concerns the therapeutic modulation of specific miRNA levels in vitro and in vivo, which has led to miRNA-based drugs entering clinical trials. Most studies relative to miRNA profiling, association with pathology, and therapeutical modulation have been conducted for cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, for different monogenic diseases, including inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), research contributing to alterations to physiopathology caused by miRNAs is steadily increasing. Herein, we review the biogenesis pathway and mode of miRNA action, their known roles in disease states, and use of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers, describing the available research tools for basic and clinical studies. In addition, we summarize recent literature on miRNA studies in inherited metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Richard
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes R Desviat
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Ganjali S, Momtazi AA, Banach M, Kovanen PT, Stein EA, Sahebkar A. HDL abnormalities in familial hypercholesterolemia: Focus on biological functions. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 67:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dlouha D, Blaha M, Blaha V, Fatorova I, Hubacek JA, Stavek P, Lanska V, Parikova A, Pitha J. Analysis of circulating miRNAs in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia treated by LDL/Lp(a) apheresis. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2017; 30:128-134. [PMID: 29096828 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LDL/Lp(a) apheresis therapy is a well-established method of aggressively lowering LDL and Lp(a). Recently, miRNAs have been discussed as markers of vascular status including atherosclerosis. MiRNAs inhibit post-transcriptional processes through RNA duplex formation resulting in gene silencing or regulation of gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured a profile of 175 plasma-circulating miRNAs using pre-defined Serum/Plasma Focus Human microRNA PCR Panels in pooled samples of 11 subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia under long-term apheresis treatment. Subsequently we analysed expressions of ten pre-selected miRNAs potentially involved in lipid homeostasis in the same group of subjects. We compared plasma-circulating miRNA levels isolated from peripheral blood collected immediately before and after apheresis. RESULTS The greatest differences in plasma levels were found in miR-451a, miR-16, miR-19a/b, miR-223 and miR-185. In subsequent individual miRNA assay we detected a significant increase in miR-33b levels after apheresis (P < 0.05). Additionally, correlations between plasma lipids and miR-33a (P < 0.04) and miR-122 (P < 0.01) have been determined. Moreover, miR-122 levels in LDLR homozygotes were higher compared to heterozygotes after, but not before, apheresis treatment (P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS LDL/Lp(a) apheresis has an impact on miRNAs associated with lipid homeostasis and vascular status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Dlouha
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Blaha
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University School of Medicine and Teaching Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Blaha
- Department of Gerontology and Metabolism, Charles University School of Medicine and Teaching Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Fatorova
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University School of Medicine and Teaching Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stavek
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Lanska
- Medical Statistical Unit, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Parikova
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pitha
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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miR-21-5p/203a-3p promote ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell senescence through down-regulation of mitochondrial fission protein Drp1. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Martino F, Magenta A, Pannarale G, Martino E, Zanoni C, Perla FM, Puddu PE, Barillà F. Epigenetics and cardiovascular risk in childhood. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 17:539-46. [PMID: 27367935 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) can arise at the early stages of development and growth. Genetic and environmental factors may interact resulting in epigenetic modifications with abnormal phenotypic expression of genetic information without any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Maternal dietary imbalance, inadequate to meet the nutritional needs of the fetus can lead to intrauterine growth retardation, decreased gestational age, low birth weight, excessive post-natal growth and metabolic alterations, with subsequent appearance of CVD risk factors. Fetal exposure to high cholesterol, diabetes and maternal obesity is associated with increased risk and progression of atherosclerosis. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure to various environmental pollutants induce epigenetic alterations of gene expression relevant to the onset or progression of CVD. In children with hypercholesterolemia and/or obesity, oxidative stress activates platelets and monocytes, which release proinflammatory and proatherogenic substances, inducing endothelial dysfunction, decreased Doppler flow-mediated dilation and increased carotid intima-media thickness. Primary prevention of atherosclerosis should be implemented early. It is necessary to identify, through screening, high-risk apparently healthy children and take care of them enforcing healthy lifestyle (mainly consisting of Mediterranean diet and physical activity), prescribing nutraceuticals and eventual medications, if required by a high-risk profile. The key issue is the restoration of endothelial function in the reversible stage of atherosclerosis. Epigenetics may provide new markers for an early identification of children at risk and thereby develop innovative therapies and specific nutritional interventions in critical times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Martino
- aDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of RomebVascular Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Luigi Monti, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCScDepartment of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy*The authors contributed equally to this work
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Gabunia K, Herman AB, Ray M, Kelemen SE, England RN, DeLa Cadena R, Foster WJ, Elliott KJ, Eguchi S, Autieri MV. Induction of MiR133a expression by IL-19 targets LDLRAP1 and reduces oxLDL uptake in VSMC. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 105:38-48. [PMID: 28257760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells [VSMC] into foam cells leading to increased plaque size and decreased stability is a key, yet understudied step in atherogenesis. We reported that Interleukin-19 (IL-19), a novel, anti-inflammatory cytokine, attenuates atherosclerosis by anti-inflammatory effects on VSMC. In this work we report that IL-19 induces expression of miR133a, a muscle-specific miRNA, in VSMC. Although previously unreported, we report that miR133a can target and reduce mRNA abundance, mRNA stability, and protein expression of Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Adaptor Protein 1, (LDLRAP1), an adaptor protein which functions to internalize the LDL receptor. Mutations in this gene lead to LDL receptor malfunction and cause the Autosomal Recessive Hypercholesterolemia (ARH) disorder in humans. Herein we show that IL-19 reduces lipid accumulation in VSMC, and LDLRAP1 expression and oxLDL uptake in a miR133a-dependent mechanism. We show that LDLRAP1 is expressed in plaque and neointimal VSMC of mouse and human injured arteries. Transfection of miR133a and LDLRAP1 siRNA into VSMC reduces their proliferation and uptake of oxLDL. miR133a is significantly increased in plasma from hyperlipidemic compared with normolipidemic patients. Expression of miR133a in IL-19 stimulated VSMC represents a previously unrecognized link between vascular lipid metabolism and inflammation, and may represent a therapeutic opportunity to combat vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatuna Gabunia
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Allison B Herman
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Mitali Ray
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Ross N England
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Raul DeLa Cadena
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - William J Foster
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Bioengineering, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Katherine J Elliott
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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Duggal B, Gupta MK, Naga Prasad SV. Potential Role of microRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: Are They up to Their Hype? Curr Cardiol Rev 2016; 12:304-310. [PMID: 26926293 PMCID: PMC5304257 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160301120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular diseases remain the foremost cause of mortality globally. As molecular medicine unravels the alterations in genomic expression and regulation of the underlying atherosclerotic process, it opens new vistas for discovering novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics for limiting the disease process. miRNAs have emerged as powerful regulators of protein translation by regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. RECENT FINDINGS Overexpression and under-expression of specific miRNAs are being evaluated as a novel approach to diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. This review sheds light on the current knowledge of the miRNA evaluated in cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION In this review we summarize the data, including the more recent data, regarding miRNAs in cardiovascular disease and their potential role in future in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Duggal
- Department of Cardiology, 4th floor, Main Building, Grant Medical College & Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, 400008, India.
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Martino F, Magenta A, Barillà F. Reply to comment on 'Epigenetics and cardiovascular risk in childhood'. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2016; 18:51-52. [PMID: 27902565 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Martino
- aDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, 'Sapienza' University of Rome bIstituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Vascular Pathology Laboratory cDepartment of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Baldán Á, Fernández-Hernando C. Truths and controversies concerning the role of miRNAs in atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016; 27:623-629. [PMID: 27755115 PMCID: PMC5465636 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Better tools are sorely needed for both the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which account for more than one-third of the deaths in Western countries. MicroRNAs typically regulate the expression of several mRNAs involved in the same biological process. Therapeutic manipulation of miRNAs could restore the expression of multiple players within the same physiologic pathway, and ideally offer better curative outcomes than conventional approaches that target only one single player within the pathway. This review summarizes available studies on the prospective value of targeting miRNAs to prevent dyslipidemia and atherogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Silencing the expression of miRNAs that target key genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism in vivo with antisense oligonucleotides results in the expected de-repression of target mRNAs in liver and atherosclerotic plaques. However, the consequences of long-term antimiRNA treatment on both circulating lipoproteins and athero-protection are yet to be established. SUMMARY A number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of miRNA mimics and inhibitors as novel therapeutic tools for treating dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, concerns over unanticipated side-effects related to de-repression of additional targets should not be overlooked for miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Baldán
- aEdward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Liver Center, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri bVascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Abstract
Incidence of diabetes and other metabolic disorders is increasing worldwide, with almost half the cases remaining undiagnosed. This is cause for concern as poor management of glucose or lipid levels causes tissue damage that may result in micro- or macrovascular complications. Current methods of diagnosing metabolic disorders do not provide any clues on disease aetiology or their posterior evolution and incidence of complications, which are the main cause of disease-associated morbidity. Circulating microRNAs found in blood change with the physiological condition of the organism and may help to: (1) identify people at risk of developing metabolic disease, (2) diagnose diabetes or other metabolic disorders on the basis of their aetiology, (3) predict the development of complications, and (4) monitor response to treatment. Results published to date show promise in this direction but technical issues must still be honed in order to warrant their application in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Párrizas
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Obesity, CIBERDEM, IDIBAPS, Rosselló 149-153, pl.5, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
| | - Anna Novials
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Obesity, CIBERDEM, IDIBAPS, Rosselló 149-153, pl.5, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
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Kimura Y, Tamasawa N, Matsumura K, Murakami H, Yamashita M, Matsuki K, Tanabe J, Murakami H, Matsui J, Daimon M. Clinical Significance of Determining Plasma MicroRNA33b in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Dyslipidemia. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:1276-1285. [PMID: 27301461 PMCID: PMC5113745 DOI: 10.5551/jat.33670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c is the dominant liver insulin-stimulated isoform and strongly correlates with diabetic dyslipidemia characterized by hyperinsulinemia [i.e., high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and hypertriglyceridemia]. MicroRNA (miRNA) 33b is harbored in the intron of SREBP-1c and represses ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, and member 1 (ABCA1) expression, essential for HDL formation. We measured plasma miRNA33b levels as possible biomarkers for diabetic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showing insulin resistance. Methods: The participants included 50 patients with T2DM (M/F 31/19) enrolled in an educational program for controlling blood glucose levels at Hirosaki University Hospital. HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid levels were determined. Plasma miRNA33b, miRNA33a and miRNA148a were quantified using a TaqMan® MicroRNA Assay, and values were corrected with reference to miRNA16. Results: Mean BMI of participants were 28.2 ± 6.6 (kg/m2) and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance was 4.3 ± 2.7. Patients' laboratory findings indicated diabetic dyslipidemia with insulin resistance. Plasma miRNA33b/16 levels revealed a positive correlation with plasma insulin level (r = 0.326, P = 0.021), serum C-peptide (r = 0.280, P = 0.049), and triglyceride (r = 0.351, P = 0.012), but no association with HDL-C (r = −0.210, P = 0.143). The blood level of miRNA33a was approximately 1/150th of that of miRNA33b and was not correlated with the above parameters. Conclusion: We postulated that plasma miRNA33b may be useful as a new metabolic biomarker of dyslipidemia in patients with T2DM as well as metabolic syndrome via an insulin/SREBP-1c/miRNA33b/ABCA1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kimura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
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Díez-Planelles C, Sánchez-Lozano P, Crespo MC, Gil-Zamorano J, Ribacoba R, González N, Suárez E, Martínez-Descals A, Martínez-Camblor P, Álvarez V, Martín-Hernández R, Huerta-Ruíz I, González-García I, Cosgaya JM, Visioli F, Dávalos A, Iglesias-Gutiérrez E, Tomás-Zapico C. Circulating microRNAs in Huntington's disease: Emerging mediators in metabolic impairment. Pharmacol Res 2016; 108:102-110. [PMID: 27155059 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease, with peripheral consequences that negatively contribute to quality of life. Circulating microRNAs (cmiRNAs) are being explored for their roles in intercellular communication and gene expression regulation, which allows gaining insight into the regulation of crosstalk between neuronal and peripheral tissues. Here, we explore the cmiRNA profile of plasma samples from fifteen symptomatic patients, with 40-45 CAG repeats in the HTT gene, and seven healthy matched controls. Isolated miRNAs from plasma samples were run against human miRNome panels, which have sequences for 752 human mature miRNAs. We found that 168 cmiRNAs are altered in symptomatic patients. Considering Bonferroni's correction, miR-877-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-223-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-128, miR-22-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-338-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-425-5p, miR-628-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-942 are significantly increased in HD patients as compared with controls. Moreover, after patient's organization according to approved HD scales, miR-122-5p is significantly decreased in HD patients with Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale >24, whereas an increase in miR-100-5p levels and a decrease in miR-641 and miR-330-3p levels were recorded when patients were rearranged by Total Functional Capacity. These results suggest that cmiRNA profile could be further modified by disease progression, making cmiRNAs useful as monitoring biomarkers. Analysis of target genes indicated a general overexpression of cmiRNAs implicated in metabolism regulation. Profiling cmiRNA of HD subjects opens the possibility of personalized therapies for different groups of HD patients, based on disease modifiers: regulation of altered pathways might contribute to not only alleviate disease symptoms, but also influence HD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Díez-Planelles
- Department of Functional Biology, Physiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - M C Crespo
- Laboratory of Disorders of lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Disorders of lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Ribacoba
- Neurology Service, Asturias Central University Hospital, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - N González
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, The Autonomous University of Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Suárez
- Neurology Service, Asturias Central University Hospital, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Descals
- Neurology Service, Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Martínez-Camblor
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Álvarez
- Molecular Genetics Service-Laboratory of Genetics, Asturias Central University Hospital, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - R Martín-Hernández
- Laboratory of Disorders of lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Huerta-Ruíz
- Department of Functional Biology, Physiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - I González-García
- Department of Functional Biology, Physiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - J M Cosgaya
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Physiopathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Visioli
- Laboratory of Disorders of lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - A Dávalos
- Laboratory of Disorders of lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Iglesias-Gutiérrez
- Department of Functional Biology, Physiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - C Tomás-Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology, Physiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- aBiotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran bMetabolic Research Centre cLipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Baldán Á, de Aguiar Vallim TQ. miRNAs and High-Density Lipoprotein metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:2053-2061. [PMID: 26869447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Altered lipoprotein metabolism plays a key role during atherogenesis. For over 50years, epidemiological data have fueled the proposal that HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) in circulation is inversely correlated to cardiovascular risk. However, the atheroprotective role of HDL is currently the focus of much debate and remains an active field of research. The emerging picture from research in the past decade suggests that HDL function, rather than HDL-c content, is important in disease. Recent developments demonstrate that miRNAs play an important role in fine-tuning the expression of key genes involved in HDL biogenesis, lipidation, and clearance, as well as in determining the amounts of HDL-c in circulation. Thus, it has been proposed that miRNAs that affect HDL metabolism might be exploited therapeutically in patients. Whether HDL-based therapies, alone or in combination with LDL-based treatments (e.g. statins), provide superior outcomes in patients has been recently questioned by human genetics studies and clinical trials. The switch in focus from "HDL-cholesterol" to "HDL function" opens a new paradigm to understand the physiology and therapeutic potential of HDL, and to find novel modulators of cardiovascular risk. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of HDL metabolism and function by miRNAs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MicroRNAs and lipid/energy metabolism and related diseases edited by Carlos Fernández-Hernando and Yajaira Suárez.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Baldán
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Liver Center, 1100 S. Grand Blvd., Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States.
| | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 650 Charles E. Young Drive S, A2-237 CHS, UCLA Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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