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Camargo LDL, Trevelin SC, da Silva GHG, Dos Santos Dias AA, Oliveira MA, Mikhaylichenko O, Androwiki ACD, Dos Santos CX, Holbrook LM, Ceravolo GS, Denadai-Souza A, Ribeiro IMR, Sartoretto S, Laurindo FRM, Coltri PP, Antunes VR, Touyz R, Miller FJ, Shah AM, Lopes LR. Protein disulfide isomerase-mediated transcriptional upregulation of Nox1 contributes to vascular dysfunction in hypertension. J Hypertens 2024; 42:984-999. [PMID: 38690903 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nox1 signaling is a causal key element in arterial hypertension. Recently, we identified protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDI) as a novel regulatory protein that regulates Nox1 signaling in VSMCs. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have increased levels of PDI in mesenteric resistance arteries compared with Wistar controls; however, its consequences remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of PDI in mediating Nox1 transcriptional upregulation and its effects on vascular dysfunction in hypertension. We demonstrate that PDI contributes to the development of hypertension via enhanced transcriptional upregulation of Nox1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We show for the first time that PDI sulfenylation by hydrogen peroxide contributes to EGFR activation in hypertension via increased shedding of epidermal growth factor-like ligands. PDI also increases intracellular calcium levels, and contractile responses induced by ANG II. PDI silencing or pharmacological inhibition in VSMCs significantly decreases EGFR activation and Nox1 transcription. Overexpression of PDI in VSMCs enhances ANG II-induced EGFR activation and ATF1 translocation to the nucleus. Mechanistically, PDI increases ATF1-induced Nox1 transcription and enhances the contractile responses to ANG II. Herein we show that ATF1 binding to Nox1 transcription putative regulatory regions is augmented by PDI. Altogether, we provide evidence that HB-EGF in SHR resistance vessels promotes the nuclear translocation of ATF1, under the control of PDI, and thereby induces Nox1 gene expression and increases vascular reactivity. Thus, PDI acts as a thiol redox-dependent enhancer of vascular dysfunction in hypertension and could represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia De Lucca Camargo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London
| | | | | | - Maria Aparecida Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Olga Mikhaylichenko
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London
| | - Aline C D Androwiki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Celio Xavier Dos Santos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London
| | | | | | | | | | - Simone Sartoretto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Patricia Pereira Coltri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Vagner Roberto Antunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Rhian Touyz
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Francis J Miller
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London
| | - Lucia Rossetti Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
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Zhang Q, Zhou J, Zhai D, Jiang Q, Yang M, Zhou M. Gut microbiota regulates the ALK5/NOX1 axis by altering glutamine metabolism to inhibit ferroptosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167152. [PMID: 38582012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a kind of hepatobiliary tumor that is increasing in incidence and mortality. The gut microbiota plays a role in the onset and progression of cancer, however, the specific mechanism by which the gut microbiota acts on ICC remains unclear. In this study, feces and plasma from healthy controls and ICC patients were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing or metabolomics analysis. Gut microbiota analysis showed that gut microbiota abundance and biodiversity were altered in ICC patients compared with controls. Plasma metabolism analysis showed that the metabolite glutamine content of the ICC patient was significantly higher than that of the controls. KEGG pathway analysis showed that glutamine plays a vital role in ICC. In addition, the use of antibiotics in ICC animals further confirmed that changes in gut microbiota affect changes in glutamine. Further experiments showed that supplementation with glutamine inhibited ferroptosis and downregulated ALK5 and NOX1 expression in HuCCT1 cells. ALK5 overexpression or NOX1 overexpression increased NOX1, p53, PTGS2, ACSL4, LPCAT3, ROS, MDA and Fe2+ and decreased FTH1, SLC7A11 and GSH. Knockdown of NOX1 suppressed FIN56-induced ferroptosis. In vivo, supplementation with glutamine promoted tumor growth. Overexpression of ALK5 repressed tumor growth and induced ferroptosis in nude mice, which could be reversed by the addition of glutamine. Our results suggested that the gut microbiota altered glutamine metabolism to inhibit ferroptosis in ICC by regulating the ALK5/NOX1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; International Joint Research Center of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Technology Equipment & Standards, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jixiang Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Denggao Zhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Manyi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, NHC Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Maojun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Fisher AB, Zani B, Han T, Dodia C, Melidone R, Keller S. Decreased LPS-induced lung injury in pigs treated with a lung surfactant protein A-derived nonapeptide that inhibits peroxiredoxin 6 activity and subsequent NOX1,2 activation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L458-L467. [PMID: 38349117 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00325.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study addressed the efficacy of a liposome-encapsulated nine amino acid peptide [peroxiredoxin 6 PLA2 inhibitory peptide-2 (PIP-2)] for the prevention or treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) +/- sepsis. PIP-2 inhibits the PLA2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), thereby preventing rac release and activation of NADPH oxidases (NOXes), types 1 and 2. Female Yorkshire pigs were infused intravenously with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + liposomes (untreated) or LPS + PIP-2 encapsulated in liposomes (treated). Pigs were mechanically ventilated and continuously monitored; they were euthanized after 8 h or earlier if preestablished humane endpoints were reached. Control pigs (mechanical ventilation, no LPS) were essentially unchanged over the 8 h study. LPS administration resulted in systemic inflammation with manifestations of clinical sepsis-like syndrome, decreased lung compliance, and a marked decrease in the arterial Po2 with vascular instability leading to early euthanasia of 50% of untreated animals. PIP-2 treatment significantly reduced the requirement for supportive vasopressors and the manifestations of lung injury so that only 25% of animals required early euthanasia. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from PIP-2-treated versus untreated pigs showed markedly lower levels of total protein, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), and myeloperoxidase. Thus, the porcine LPS-induced sepsis-like model was associated with moderate to severe lung pathophysiology compatible with ALI, whereas treatment with PIP-2 markedly decreased lung injury, cardiovascular instability, and early euthanasia. These results indicate that inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via NOX1/2 has a beneficial effect in treating pigs with LPS-induced ALI plus or minus a sepsis-like syndrome, suggesting a potential role for PIP-2 in the treatment of ALI and/or sepsis in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Currently available treatments that can alter lung inflammation have failed to significantly alter mortality of acute lung injury (ALI). Peroxiredoxin 6 PLA2 inhibitory peptide-2 (PIP-2) targets the liberation of reactive O2 species (ROS) that is associated with adverse cell signaling events, thereby decreasing the tissue oxidative injury that occurs early in the ALI syndrome. We propose that treatment with PIP-2 may be effective in preventing progression of early disease into its later stages with irreversible lung damage and relatively high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Peroxitech, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brett Zani
- CBSET, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Thomas Han
- Peroxitech, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Steven Keller
- CBSET, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Martinez PA, Zanata SM, Nakao LS. Caveolae-mediated endocytosis of extracellular QSOX1b modulates the migration of fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113906. [PMID: 38176465 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX1) is a secreted flavoprotein that modulates cellular proliferation, migration and adhesion, roles attributed to its ability to organize the extracellular matrix. We previously showed that exogenously added QSOX1b induces smooth muscle cells migration in a process that depends on its enzymatic activity and that is mediated by hydrogen peroxide derived from Nox1, a catalytic subunit of NAD(P)H oxidases. Here, we report that exogenous QSOX1b also stimulates the migration of L929 fibroblasts and that this effect is regulated by its endocytosis. The use of endocytosis inhibitors and caveolin 1-knockdown demonstrated that this endocytic pathway is caveola-mediated. QSOX1b colocalized with Nox1 in intracellular vesicles, as detected by confocal fluorescence, suggesting that extracellular QSOX1b is endocytosed with the transmembrane Nox1. These results reveal that endosomal QSOX1b is a novel intracellular redox regulator of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierina A Martinez
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lia S Nakao
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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Gu J, Zhou X, Xie L. Significance of Oxidative Stress in the Diagnosis and Subtype Classification of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:193-207. [PMID: 37314550 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common illness of aging, and its pathophysiological process is mainly manifested by cell aging and apoptosis, an imbalance in the production and catabolism of extracellular matrix, and an inflammatory response. Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance that decreases the body's intrinsic antioxidant defense system and/or raises the formation of reactive oxygen species and performs multiple biological functions in the body. However, our current knowledge of the effect of OS on the progression and treatment of IVDD is still extremely limited. In this study, we obtained 35 DEGs by differential expression analysis of 437 OS-related genes (OSRGs) between IVDD patients and healthy individuals from GSE124272 and GSE150408. Then, we identified six hub OSRGs (ATP7A, MELK, NCF1, NOX1, RHOB, and SP1) from 35 DEGs, and the high accuracy of these hub genes was confirmed by constructing ROC curves. In addition, to forecast the risk of IVDD patients, we developed a nomogram. We obtained two OSRG clusters (clusters A and B) by consensus clustering based on the six hub genes. Then, 3147 DEGs were obtained by differential expression analysis in the two clusters, and all samples were further divided into two gene clusters (A and B). We investigated differences in immune cell infiltration levels between different clusters and found that most immune cells had higher infiltration levels in OSRG cluster B or gene cluster B. In conclusion, OS is important in the formation and progression of IVDD, and we believe that our work will help guide future research on OS in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
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Camargo LL, Wang Y, Rios FJ, McBride M, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticular Stress Interplay in the Vasculopathy of Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1874-1887. [PMID: 37875177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiologic conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signalling molecules that control cell function. However, in pathologic conditions, increased generation of ROS triggers oxidative stress, which plays a role in vascular changes associated with hypertension, including endothelial dysfunction, vascular reactivity, and arterial remodelling (termed the vasculopathy of hypertension). The major source of ROS in the vascular system is NADPH oxidase (NOX). Increased NOX activity drives vascular oxidative stress in hypertension. Molecular mechanisms underlying vascular damage in hypertension include activation of redox-sensitive signalling pathways, post-translational modification of proteins, and oxidative damage of DNA and cytoplasmic proteins. In addition, oxidative stress leads to accumulation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (termed ER stress), with consequent activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress is emerging as a potential player in hypertension as abnormal protein folding in the ER leads to oxidative stress and dysregulated activation of the UPR promotes inflammation and injury in vascular and cardiac cells. In addition, the ER engages in crosstalk with exogenous sources of ROS, such as mitochondria and NOX, which can amplify redox processes. Here we provide an update of the role of ROS and NOX in hypertension and discuss novel concepts on the interplay between oxidative stress and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin McBride
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McGill University, Department of Medicine and Department of Family Medicine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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LAGAL DJ, BÁRCENA JA, REQUEJO-AGUILAR R, PADILLA CA, LETO TL. NOX1 and PRDX6 synergistically support migration and invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through enhanced NADPH oxidase activity. ADVANCES IN REDOX RESEARCH : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR REDOX BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE AND THE SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH-EUROPE 2023; 9:100080. [PMID: 37900981 PMCID: PMC10611439 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2023.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) complex formed by proteins NOX1, p22phox, NOXO1, NOXA1, and RAC1 plays an important role in the generation of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are involved in normal and pathological cell functions due to their effects on diverse cell signaling pathways. Cell migration and invasiveness are at the origin of tumor metastasis during cancer progression which involves a process of cellular de-differentiation known as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT cells lose their polarized epithelial phenotype and express mesenchymal marker proteins that enable cytoskeletal rearrangements promoting cell migration, expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue remodeling, and cell invasion during metastasis. In this work, we explored the importance of the peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6)-NOX1 enzyme interaction leading to NOXA1 protein stabilization and increased levels of superoxide produced by NOX in hepatocarcinoma cells. This increase was accompanied by higher levels of N-cadherin and MMP2, correlating with a greater capacity for cell migration and invasiveness of SNU475 hepatocarcinoma cells. The increase in superoxide and the associated downstream effects on cancer progression were suppressed when phospholipase A2 or peroxidase activities of PRDX6 were abolished by site-directed mutagenesis, reinforcing the importance of these catalytic activities in supporting NOX1-based superoxide generation. Overall, these results demonstrate a clear functional cooperation between NOX1 and PRDX6 catalytic activities which generate higher levels of ROS production, resulting in a more aggressive tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. LAGAL
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
| | - J. Antonio BÁRCENA
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | - Raquel REQUEJO-AGUILAR
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | - C. Alicia PADILLA
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | - Thomas L. LETO
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jinying W, Keming L, Hanqing T, Xuqing Z, Muccee F, Xuan L, Yalin L, Meiye S, Shumin Z, Selvaraj C, Safi SZ. Role and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on pain relief through NOX-ROS-NLRP3 pathway in CCI rats models. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9367-9378. [PMID: 37819498 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on pain relief in sciatica rats and to explore the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS SPF grade 4-6-week-old Kunming rats were randomly divided into 5 groups including a blank group, sham-operated group, model group, acupuncture, and moxibustion (AnM) group, and positive group. A total of 10 rats were included in each group. The model group, the AnM group, and the positive group were prepared by ligating the left sciatic nerve. AnM group was used for acupuncture and moxibustion therapy intervention, and the positive group was rendered to quick-acting sciatica pills once a day for 7 days (3 courses of treatment). The blank group, sham-operated group, and model group were not treated. The changes in thermal and mechanical pain thresholds were observed before and after the operation, and the morphological changes of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the lumbosacral region of the rats in each group were observed by HE staining after the courses of treatment finished. The contents of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA and the expressions of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and NLRP3 genes were detected by RT-qPCR while the protein expressions of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4 and NLRP3 were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS The AnM and positive group showed a significant increase in thermal and mechanical pain thresholds after treatment, while there was no significant change in the model group. As compared to the control group, the contents of IL- 1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α, as well as the relative expressions of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and NLRP3 genes were significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). As compared to the model group, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α, as well as the relative expressions of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and NLRP3 genes significantly decreased in the AnM and positive groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The pathological changes of inflammatory infiltration of tissue cells in the dorsal horn of the lumbosacral spinal cord were slowed in the AnM group. CONCLUSION Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy have a positive effect on pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects in CCI sciatica rats, which may point to the regulation of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and NLRP3 expressions, and inhibition of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jinying
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Li Keming
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tang Hanqing
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China.
| | - Zhang Xuqing
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Fatima Muccee
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Luo Xuan
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Liu Yalin
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Song Meiye
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Zhang Shumin
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence and Molecular Modelling, Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Padgett CA, Bátori RK, Speese AC, Rosewater CL, Bush WB, Derella CC, Haigh SB, Sellers HG, Corley ZL, West MA, Mintz JD, Ange BB, Harris RA, Brands MW, Fulton DJR, Stepp DW. Galectin-3 Mediates Vascular Dysfunction in Obesity by Regulating NADPH Oxidase 1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e381-e395. [PMID: 37586054 PMCID: PMC10695282 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Metabolic dysfunction, especially hyperglycemia, is thought to be a major contributor, but how glucose impacts vascular function is unclear. GAL3 (galectin-3) is a sugar-binding lectin upregulated by hyperglycemia, but its role as a causative mechanism of cardiovascular disease remains poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the role of GAL3 in regulating microvascular endothelial vasodilation in obesity. METHODS GAL3 was measured and found to be markedly increased in the plasma of overweight and obese patients, as well as in the microvascular endothelium of diabetic patients. To investigate causative mechanisms in cardiovascular disease, mice deficient in GAL3 were bred with obese db/db mice to generate lean, lean GAL3 knockout, obese, and obese GAL3 knockout genotypes. Endothelial cell-specific GAL3 knockout mice with novel AAV-induced obesity recapitulated whole-body knockout studies to confirm cell specificity. RESULTS Deletion of GAL3 did not alter body mass, adiposity, or plasma indices of glycemia and lipidemia, but levels of plasma reactive oxygen species as assessed by plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were normalized in obese GAL3 knockout mice. Obese mice exhibited profound endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, both of which were rescued by GAL3 deletion. Isolated microvascular endothelial cells from obese mice had increased expression of NOX1 (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1), which we have previously shown to contribute to increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which was normalized in microvascular endothelium from mice lacking GAL3. Cell-specific deletion confirmed that endothelial GAL3 regulates obesity-induced NOX1 overexpression and subsequent microvascular function. Furthermore, improvement of metabolic syndrome by increasing muscle mass, improving insulin signaling, or treating with metformin decreased microvascular GAL3, and thereby NOX1, expression levels. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of GAL3 normalizes microvascular endothelial function in obese db/db mice, likely through a NOX1-mediated mechanism. Pathological levels of GAL3, and in turn NOX1, are amenable to improvements in metabolic status, presenting a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate pathological cardiovascular consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A. Padgett
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Róbert K. Bátori
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Andrew C. Speese
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Cody L. Rosewater
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Weston B. Bush
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Cassandra C. Derella
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Stephen B. Haigh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Hunter G. Sellers
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Zachary L. Corley
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Madison A. West
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - James D. Mintz
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Brittany B. Ange
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Michael W. Brands
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - David J. R. Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - David W. Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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10
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Padgett CA, Bátori RK, Speese AC, Rosewater CL, Bush WB, Derella CC, Haigh SB, Sellers HG, Corley ZL, West MA, Mintz JD, Ange BB, Harris RA, Brands MW, Fulton DJR, Stepp DW. Galectin-3 Mediates Vascular Dysfunction in Obesity by Regulating NADPH Oxidase 1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.19.537592. [PMID: 37131826 PMCID: PMC10153253 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.537592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through mechanisms that remain incompletely defined. Metabolic dysfunction, especially hyperglycemia, is thought to be a major contributor but how glucose impacts vascular function is unclear. Galectin-3 (GAL3) is a sugar binding lectin upregulated by hyperglycemia but its role as a causative mechanism of CVD remains poorly understood. Objective To determine the role of GAL3 in regulating microvascular endothelial vasodilation in obesity. Methods and Results GAL3 was markedly increased in the plasma of overweight and obese patients, as well as in the microvascular endothelium of diabetic patients. To investigate a role for GAL3 in CVD, mice deficient in GAL3 were bred with obese db/db mice to generate lean, lean GAL3 knockout (KO), obese, and obese GAL3 KO genotypes. GAL3 KO did not alter body mass, adiposity, glycemia or lipidemia, but normalized elevated markers of reactive oxygen species (TBARS) in plasma. Obese mice exhibited profound endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, both of which were rescued by GAL3 deletion. Isolated microvascular endothelial cells (EC) from obese mice had increased NOX1 expression, which we have previously shown to contribute to increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, and NOX1 levels were normalized in EC from obese mice lacking GAL3. EC-specific GAL3 knockout mice made obese using a novel AAV-approach recapitulated whole-body knockout studies, confirming that endothelial GAL3 drives obesity-induced NOX1 overexpression and endothelial dysfunction. Improved metabolism through increased muscle mass, enhanced insulin signaling, or metformin treatment, decreased microvascular GAL3 and NOX1. GAL3 increased NOX1 promoter activity and this was dependent on GAL3 oligomerization. Conclusions Deletion of GAL3 normalizes microvascular endothelial function in obese db/db mice, likely through a NOX1-mediated mechanism. Pathological levels of GAL3 and in turn, NOX1, are amenable to improvements in metabolic status, presenting a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate pathological cardiovascular consequences of obesity.
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11
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Choi H, Miller MR, Nguyen HN, Rohrbough JC, Koch SR, Boatwright N, Yarboro MT, Sah R, McDonald WH, Reese JJ, Stark RJ, Lamb FS. LRRC8A anion channels modulate vasodilation via association with Myosin Phosphatase Rho Interacting Protein (MPRIP). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.08.531807. [PMID: 36945623 PMCID: PMC10028897 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.08.531807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), LRRC8A volume regulated anion channels (VRACs) are activated by inflammatory and pro-contractile stimuli including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), angiotensin II and stretch. LRRC8A physically associates with NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and supports its production of extracellular superoxide (O 2 -• ). METHODS AND RESULTS Mice lacking LRRC8A exclusively in VSMCs (Sm22α-Cre, KO) were used to assess the role of VRACs in TNFα signaling and vasomotor function. KO mesenteric vessels contracted normally to KCl and phenylephrine, but relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was enhanced compared to wild type (WT). 48 hours of ex vivo exposure to TNFα (10ng/ml) markedly impaired dilation to ACh and SNP in WT but not KO vessels. VRAC blockade (carbenoxolone, CBX, 100 μM, 20 min) enhanced dilation of control rings and restored impaired dilation following TNFα exposure. Myogenic tone was absent in KO rings. LRRC8A immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectroscopy identified 35 proteins that interacted with LRRC8A. Pathway analysis revealed actin cytoskeletal regulation as the most closely associated function of these proteins. Among these proteins, the Myosin Phosphatase Rho-Interacting protein (MPRIP) links RhoA, MYPT1 and actin. LRRC8A-MPRIP co-localization was confirmed by confocal imaging of tagged proteins, Proximity Ligation Assays, and IP/western blots which revealed LRRC8A binding at the second Pleckstrin Homology domain of MPRIP. siLRRC8A or CBX treatment decreased RhoA activity in cultured VSMCs, and MYPT1 phosphorylation at T853 was reduced in KO mesenteries suggesting that reduced ROCK activity contributes to enhanced relaxation. MPRIP was a target of redox modification, becoming oxidized (sulfenylated) after TNFα exposure. CONCLUSIONS Interaction of Nox1/LRRC8A with MPRIP/RhoA/MYPT1/actin may allow redox regulation of the cytoskeleton and link Nox1 activation to both inflammation and vascular contractility.
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12
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Azarova I, Polonikov A, Klyosova E. Molecular Genetics of Abnormal Redox Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054738. [PMID: 36902173 PMCID: PMC10003739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and their neutralization by antioxidant enzymes is one of the major pathological disorders underlying the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present review summarizes the current state of the art advances in understanding the role of abnormal redox homeostasis in the molecular mechanisms of T2D and provides comprehensive information on the characteristics and biological functions of antioxidant and oxidative enzymes, as well as discusses genetic studies conducted so far in order to investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in genes encoding redox state-regulating enzymes to the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
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13
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Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting NADPH Oxidase Pathway in Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031047. [PMID: 36770715 PMCID: PMC9921542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, in both developed and developing countries. According to the WHO report, the morbidity and mortality caused by CVD will continue to rise with the estimation of death going up to 22.2 million in 2030. NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in sustained oxidative stress and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Seven distinct members of the family have been identified of which four (namely, NOX1, 2, 4 and 5) may have cardiovascular functions. Currently, the treatment and management plan for patients with CVDs mainly depends on the drugs. However, prolonged use of prescribed drugs may cause adverse drug reactions. Therefore, it is crucial to find alternative treatment options with lesser adverse effects. Natural products have been gaining interest as complementary therapy for CVDs over the past decade due to their wide range of medicinal properties, including antioxidants. These might be due to their potent active ingredients, such as flavonoid and phenolic compounds. Numerous natural compounds have been demonstrated to have advantageous effects on cardiovascular disease via NADPH cascade. This review highlights the potential of natural products targeting NOX-derived ROS generation in treating CVDs. Emphasis is put on the activation of the oxidases, including upstream or downstream signalling events.
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14
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Liu Y, Liang S, Shi D, Zhang Y, Bai C, Ye RD. A predicted structure of NADPH Oxidase 1 identifies key components of ROS generation and strategies for inhibition. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285206. [PMID: 37134122 PMCID: PMC10155968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) is primarily expressed in epithelial cells and responsible for local generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By specifically manipulating the local redox microenvironment, NOX1 actively engages in epithelial immunity, especially in colorectal and pulmonary epithelia. To unravel the structural basis of NOX1 engaged epithelial immune processes, a predicted structure model was established using RaptorX deep learning models. The predicted structure model illustrates a 6-transmembrane domain structure, a FAD binding domain, and an NADPH binding/NOXO1 interacting region. The substrate/cofactor binding scheme with respect to this proposed model highly correlates with published reports and is verified in our site-directed mutagenesis assays. An electron transport chain, from NADPH to FAD and the two heme groups, was well supported by the predicted model. Through molecular docking analysis of various small molecule NOX1 inhibitors and subsequent experimental validation, we identified pronounced active sites for potent NOX1 inhibition. Specifically, LEU60, VAL71, MET181, LEU185, HIS208, PHE211, TYR214, and TYR280 in the transmembrane domain form an active pocket for insertion of the small molecule inhibitors to inhibit electron transfer between the heme groups, thus affecting extracellular ROS generation. Altogether, our study provides structural information to help elucidate the role of NOX1 in epithelial generation of ROS and sheds light on the development of therapeutics for NOX1 related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhou Liu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyu Liang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Danfeng Shi
- Warshel Institute of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Warshel Institute of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Warshel Institute of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Futian Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Miao R, Wang L, Chen Z, Ge S, Li L, Zhang K, Chen Y, Guo W, Duan X, Zhu M, Zhao G, Lin F. Advances in the study of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in myocardial remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1000578. [PMID: 36407440 PMCID: PMC9669076 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodeling is a key pathophysiological basis of heart failure, which seriously threatens human health and causes a severe economic burden worldwide. During chronic stress, the heart undergoes myocardial remodeling, mainly manifested by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, interstitial fibrosis, chamber enlargement, and cardiac dysfunction. The NADPH oxidase family (NOXs) are multisubunit transmembrane enzyme complexes involved in the generation of redox signals. Studies have shown that NOXs are highly expressed in the heart and are involved in the pathological development process of myocardial remodeling, which influences the development of heart failure. This review summarizes the progress of research on the pathophysiological processes related to the regulation of myocardial remodeling by NOXs, suggesting that NOXs-dependent regulatory mechanisms of myocardial remodeling are promising new therapeutic targets for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runran Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shiqi Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xulei Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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16
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Zhang D, Li Y, Wang W, Lang X, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Yan J, Zhang Y. NOX1 promotes myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction via activating the TLR2/NF-κB pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928762. [PMID: 36225554 PMCID: PMC9549956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent complication in patients with diabetes, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated a novel target, NOX1, an isoform of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase with key functional involvement in the pathophysiology of DCM. The DCM rat model was established by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injections. DCM rats elicited myocardial fibrosis exacerbation, which was accompanied by a marked elevation of NOX1 expression in cardiac tissue. In particular, a specific NOX1 inhibitor, ML171, effectively decreased myocardial fibrosis and protected against cardiac dysfunction in DCM rats. Rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts were incubated with high glucose (HG, 33 mM) as an in vitro model of DCM. We also observed that the expression of NOX1 was upregulated in HG-cultured cardiac fibroblasts. Silencing of NOX1 was found to attenuate myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress in HG-induced cardiac fibroblasts. Furthermore, the upregulation of NOX1 by hyperglycemia induced activation of the TLR2/NF-κB pathway both in vitro and in vivo, whereas these effects were significantly attenuated with NOX1 gene silencing and further enhanced with NOX1 gene overexpression. In summary, we demonstrated that NOX1 induced activation of the TLR2/NF-κB pathway and increased reactive oxygen species production accumulation, which ultimately increased myocardial fibrosis and deteriorated cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our study revealed that NOX1 was a potential therapeutic target for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yilan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueyan Lang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanxiu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingru Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yao Zhang,
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17
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Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Atherothrombotic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071408. [PMID: 35883899 PMCID: PMC9312358 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is generated by the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and antioxidant scavenger system’s activity. Increased ROS, such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, likely contribute to the development and complications of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). In genetically modified mouse models of atherosclerosis, the overexpression of ROS-generating enzymes and uncontrolled ROS formation appear to be associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Conversely, the overexpression of ROS scavenger systems reduces or stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions, depending on the genetic background of the mouse model. In humans, higher levels of circulating biomarkers derived from the oxidation of lipids (8-epi-prostaglandin F2α, and malondialdehyde), as well as proteins (oxidized low-density lipoprotein, nitrotyrosine, protein carbonyls, advanced glycation end-products), are increased in conditions of high cardiovascular risk or overt ASCVD, and some oxidation biomarkers have been reported as independent predictors of ASCVD in large observational cohorts. In animal models, antioxidant supplementation with melatonin, resveratrol, Vitamin E, stevioside, acacetin and n-polyunsaturated fatty acids reduced ROS and attenuated atherosclerotic lesions. However, in humans, evidence from large, placebo-controlled, randomized trials or prospective studies failed to show any athero-protective effect of antioxidant supplementation with different compounds in different CV settings. However, the chronic consumption of diets known to be rich in antioxidant compounds (e.g., Mediterranean and high-fish diet), has shown to reduce ASCVD over decades. Future studies are needed to fill the gap between the data and targets derived from studies in animals and their pathogenetic and therapeutic significance in human ASCVD.
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18
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NADPH Oxidases in Pain Processing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061162. [PMID: 35740059 PMCID: PMC9219759 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation or injury to the somatosensory nervous system may result in chronic pain conditions, which affect millions of people and often cause major health problems. Emerging lines of evidence indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the nociceptive system during chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain and act as specific signaling molecules in pain processing. Among potential ROS sources in the somatosensory system are NADPH oxidases, a group of electron-transporting transmembrane enzymes whose sole function seems to be the generation of ROS. Interestingly, the expression and relevant function of the Nox family members Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 in various cells of the nociceptive system have been demonstrated. Studies using knockout mice or specific knockdown of these isoforms indicate that Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 specifically contribute to distinct signaling pathways in chronic inflammatory and/or neuropathic pain states. As selective Nox inhibitors are currently being developed and investigated in various physiological and pathophysiological settings, targeting Nox1, Nox2, and/or Nox4 could be a novel strategy for the treatment of chronic pain. Here, we summarize the distinct roles of Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 in inflammatory and neuropathic processing and discuss the effectiveness of currently available Nox inhibitors in the treatment of chronic pain conditions.
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19
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Begum R, Thota S, Abdulkadir A, Kaur G, Bagam P, Batra S. NADPH oxidase family proteins: signaling dynamics to disease management. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:660-686. [PMID: 35585127 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are pervasive signaling molecules in biological systems. In humans, a lack of ROS causes chronic and extreme bacterial infections, while uncontrolled release of these factors causes pathologies due to excessive inflammation. Professional phagocytes such as neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages use superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (NOX) as part of their arsenal of antimicrobial mechanisms to produce high levels of ROS. NOX is a multisubunit enzyme complex composed of five essential subunits, two of which are localized in the membrane, while three are localized in the cytosol. In resting phagocytes, the oxidase complex is unassembled and inactive; however, it becomes activated after cytosolic components translocate to the membrane and are assembled into a functional oxidase. The NOX isoforms play a variety of roles in cellular differentiation, development, proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal control, migration, and contraction. Recent studies have identified NOX as a major contributor to disease pathologies, resulting in a shift in focus on inhibiting the formation of potentially harmful free radicals. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and the transduction pathways involved in NOX-mediated signaling is essential for the development of new therapeutic agents that minimize the hyperproduction of ROS. The current review provides a thorough overview of the various NOX enzymes and their roles in disease pathophysiology, highlights pharmacological strategies, and discusses the importance of computational modeling for future NOX-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Begum
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Shilpa Thota
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Abubakar Abdulkadir
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Prathyusha Bagam
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.,Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
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20
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Fei J, Demillard LJ, Ren J. Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular diseases: an update. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, imposing major health threats. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the most important products from the process of redox reactions. In the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases, ROS are believed to heavily influence homeostasis of lipids, proteins, DNA, mitochondria, and energy metabolism. As ROS production increases, the heart is damaged, leading to further production of ROS. The vicious cycle continues on as additional ROS are generated. For example, recent evidence indicated that connexin 43 (Cx43) deficiency and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activation led to a loss of protection in cardiomyocytes. In this context, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind ROS production is vital in determining effective treatment and management strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Laurie J. Demillard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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21
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Uremic toxins activate CREB/ATF1 in endothelial cells related to chronic kidney disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114984. [PMID: 35245485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Uremic toxins, such as p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS), contribute to endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This process is mediated by several cellular pathways, but it is unclear whether cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) participate in endothelial dysfunction in uremic conditions despite playing roles in inflammatory modulation. This study aimed to evaluate the expression, activation, and transcriptional activity of CREB/ATF1 in endothelial cells exposed to PCS, IS, and uremic serum (US). In vitro, ATF1 protein levels were increased by PCS and IS, whereas CREB levels were enhanced only by IS. Activation through CREB-Ser133 and ATF1-Ser63 phosphorylation was induced by PCS, IS, and US. We evaluated the CREB/ATF1 transcriptional activity by analyzing the expression of their target genes, including ICAM1, PTGS2, NOX1, and SLC22A6, which are related to endothelial dysfunction through their roles in vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular uptake of PCS and IS. The expression of ICAM1, PTGS2 and NOX1 genes was increased by PCS, IS, and US, whereas that of SLC22A6 was induced only by IS. KG-501, a CREB inhibitor, restored the inductive effects of PCS on ICAM1, PTGS2, and NOX1 expression; IS on ICAM1, PTGS2 and SLC22A6 expression; and US on NOX1 expression. The presence of CREB and ATF1 was observed in healthy arteries and in arteries of patients with CKD, which were structurally damaged. These findings suggest that CREB/ATF1 is activated by uremic toxins and may play a relevant role in endothelial dysfunction in CKD.
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22
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Choi H, Rohrbough JC, Nguyen HN, Dikalova A, Lamb FS. Oxidant-resistant LRRC8A/C anion channels support superoxide production by NADPH oxidase 1. J Physiol 2021; 599:3013-3036. [PMID: 33932953 DOI: 10.1113/jp281577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS LRRC8A-containing anion channels associate with NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and regulate superoxide production and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) signalling. Here we show that LRRC8C and 8D also co-immunoprecipitate with Nox1 in vascular smooth muscle cells. LRRC8C knockdown inhibited TNFα-induced O2 •- production, receptor endocytosis, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and proliferation while LRRC8D knockdown enhanced NF-κB activation. Significant changes in LRRC8 isoform expression in human atherosclerosis and psoriasis suggest compensation for increased inflammation. The oxidant chloramine-T (ChlorT, 1 mM) weakly (∼25%) inhibited LRRC8C currents but potently (∼80%) inhibited LRRC8D currents. Substitution of the extracellular loop (EL1, EL2) domains of 8D into 8C conferred significantly stronger (69%) ChlorT-dependent inhibition. ChlorT exposure impaired subsequent current block by DCPIB, which occurs through interaction with EL1, further implicating external oxidation sites. LRRC8A/C channels most effectively sustain Nox1 activity at the plasma membrane. This may result from their ability to remain active in an oxidized microenvironment. ABSTRACT Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) activates NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), producing superoxide (O2 •- ) required for subsequent signalling. LRRC8 family proteins A-E comprise volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs). The required subunit LRRC8A physically associates with Nox1, and VRAC activity is required for Nox activity and the inflammatory response to TNFα. VRAC currents are modulated by oxidants, suggesting that channel oxidant sensitivity and proximity to Nox1 may play a physiologically relevant role. In VSMCs, LRRC8C knockdown (siRNA) recapitulated the effects of siLRRC8A, inhibiting TNFα-induced extracellular and endosomal O2 •- production, receptor endocytosis, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and proliferation. In contrast, siLRRC8D potentiated NF-κB activation. Nox1 co-immunoprecipitated with 8C and 8D, and colocalized with 8D at the plasma membrane and in vesicles. We compared VRAC currents mediated by homomeric and heteromeric LRRC8C and LRRC8D channels expressed in HEK293 cells. The oxidant chloramine T (ChlorT, 1 mM) weakly inhibited 8C, but potently inhibited 8D currents. ChlorT exposure also impaired subsequent current block by the VRAC blocker DCPIB, implicating external sites of oxidation. Substitution of the 8D extracellular loop domains (EL1, EL2) into 8C conferred significantly stronger ChlorT-mediated inhibition of 8C currents. Our results suggest that LRRC8A/C channel activity can be effectively maintained in the oxidized microenvironment expected to result from Nox1 activation at the plasma membrane. Increased ratios of 8D:8C expression may potentially depress inflammatory responses to TNFα. LRRC8A/C channel downregulation represents a novel strategy to reduce TNFα-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rohrbough
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Hong N Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Anna Dikalova
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Fred S Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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23
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Shafi O. Switching of vascular cells towards atherogenesis, and other factors contributing to atherosclerosis: a systematic review. Thromb J 2020; 18:28. [PMID: 33132762 PMCID: PMC7592591 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-020-00240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Onset, development and progression of atherosclerosis are complex multistep processes. Many aspects of atherogenesis are not yet properly known. This study investigates the changes in vasculature that contribute to switching of vascular cells towards atherogenesis, focusing mainly on ageing. Methods Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving atherogenesis, vascular homeostasis, aging, gene expression, signaling pathways, angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular cell differentiation and maintenance, vascular stem cells, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Results Atherogenesis is a complex multistep process that unfolds in a sequence. It is caused by alterations in: epigenetics and genetics, signaling pathways, cell circuitry, genome stability, heterotypic interactions between multiple cell types and pathologic alterations in vascular microenvironment. Such alterations involve pathological changes in: Shh, Wnt, NOTCH signaling pathways, TGF beta, VEGF, FGF, IGF 1, HGF, AKT/PI3K/ mTOR pathways, EGF, FOXO, CREB, PTEN, several apoptotic pathways, ET - 1, NF-κB, TNF alpha, angiopoietin, EGFR, Bcl - 2, NGF, BDNF, neurotrophins, growth factors, several signaling proteins, MAPK, IFN, TFs, NOs, serum cholesterol, LDL, ephrin, its receptor pathway, HoxA5, Klf3, Klf4, BMPs, TGFs and others.This disruption in vascular homeostasis at cellular, genetic and epigenetic level is involved in switching of the vascular cells towards atherogenesis. All these factors working in pathologic manner, contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Conclusion The development of atherosclerosis involves the switching of gene expression towards pro-atherogenic genes. This happens because of pathologic alterations in vascular homeostasis. When pathologic alterations in epigenetics, genetics, regulatory genes, microenvironment and vascular cell biology accumulate beyond a specific threshold, then the disease begins to express itself phenotypically. The process of biological ageing is one of the most significant factors in this aspect as it is also involved in the decline in homeostasis, maintenance and integrity.The process of atherogenesis unfolds sequentially (step by step) in an interconnected loop of pathologic changes in vascular biology. Such changes are involved in 'switching' of vascular cells towards atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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24
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Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Thomas C, Ristow M. Interrelation between ROS and Ca 2+ in aging and age-related diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101678. [PMID: 32810740 PMCID: PMC7451758 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile signaling molecules coordinating physiological and pathophysiological processes. While channels and pumps shuttle Ca2+ ions between extracellular space, cytosol and cellular compartments, short-lived and highly reactive ROS are constantly generated by various production sites within the cell. Ca2+ controls membrane potential, modulates mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and affects proteins like calcineurin (CaN) or calmodulin (CaM), which, in turn, have a wide area of action. Overwhelming Ca2+ levels within mitochondria efficiently induce and trigger cell death. In contrast, ROS comprise a diverse group of relatively unstable molecules with an odd number of electrons that abstract electrons from other molecules to gain stability. Depending on the type and produced amount, ROS act either as signaling molecules by affecting target proteins or as harmful oxidative stressors by damaging cellular components. Due to their wide range of actions, it is little wonder that Ca2+ and ROS signaling pathways overlap and impact one another. Growing evidence suggests a crucial implication of this mutual interplay on the development and enhancement of age-related disorders, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland; Holder of an Erwin Schroedinger Abroad Fellowship, Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Austria.
| | - Carolin Thomas
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Negre-Salvayre A, Guerby P, Gayral S, Laffargue M, Salvayre R. Role of reactive oxygen species in atherosclerosis: Lessons from murine genetic models. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 149:8-22. [PMID: 31669759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic and inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries, and the major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves a number of risk factors and complex events including hypercholesterolemia, endothelial dysfunction, increased permeability to low density lipoproteins (LDL) and their sequestration on extracellular matrix in the intima of lesion-prone areas. These events promote LDL modifications, particularly by oxidation, which generates acute and chronic inflammatory responses implicated in atherogenesis and lesion progression. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) (which include both free radical and non-free radical oxygen intermediates), play a key-role at each step of atherogenesis, in endothelial dysfunction, LDL oxidation, and inflammatory events involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis lesions. Most advanced knowledge supporting the "oxidative theory of atherosclerosis" i.e. the nature and the cellular sources of ROS and antioxidant defences, as well as the mechanisms involved in the redox balance, is based on the use of genetically engineered animals, i.e. transgenic, genetically modified, or altered for systems producing or neutralizing ROS in the vessels. This review summarizes the results obtained from animals genetically manipulated for various sources of ROS or antioxidant defences in the vascular wall, and their relevance (advance or limitation), for understanding the place and role of ROS in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Guerby
- Inserm U-1048, Université de Toulouse, France; Pôle de gynécologie obstétrique, Hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, France
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26
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Chen J, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang H. RNA Profiling Analysis of the Serum Exosomes Derived from Patients with Chronic Hepatitis and Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure Caused By HBV. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1528. [PMID: 32001731 PMCID: PMC6992791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the main causative viral agent for liver diseases in China. In liver injury, exosomes may impede the interaction with chromatin in the target cell and transmit inflammatory, apoptosis, or regeneration signals through RNAs. Therefore, we attempted to determine the potential functions of exosomal RNAs using bioinformatics technology. We performed RNA sequencing analysis in exosomes derived from clinical specimens of healthy control (HC) individuals and patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and acute-on-chronic liver failure caused by HBV (HBV-ACLF). This analysis resulted in the identification of different types and proportions of RNAs in exosomes from the HC individuals and patients. Exosomes from the CHB and HBV-ACLF patients showed distinct upregulation and downregulation patterns of differentially expressed genes compared with those from the HC subjects. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis further confirmed different patterns of biological functions and signalling pathways in CHB and HBV-ACLF. Then we chose two upregulated RNAs both in CHB and HBV-ACLF for further qPCR validation. It confirmed the significantly different expression levels in CHB and HBV-ACLF compared with HC. Our findings indicate selective packaging of the RNA cargo into exosomes under different HBV attacks; these may represent potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HBV-caused liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Qingsheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Huafen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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27
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Mu W, Provaznik J, Hackert T, Zöller M. Tspan8-Tumor Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Endothelial Cell and Fibroblast Remodeling Relies on the Target Cell-Selective Response. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020319. [PMID: 32013145 PMCID: PMC7072212 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TEX) expressing tetraspanin Tspan8-alpha4/beta1 support angiogenesis. Tspan8-alpha6/beta4 facilitates lung premetastatic niche establishment. TEX-promoted target reprogramming is still being disputed, we explored rat endothelial cell (EC) and lung fibroblast (Fb) mRNA and miRNA profile changes after coculture with TEX. TEX were derived from non-metastatic BSp73AS (AS) or metastatic BSp73ASML (ASML) rat tumor lines transfected with Tspan8 (AS-Tspan8) or Tspan8-shRNA (ASML-Tspan8kd). mRNA was analyzed by deep sequencing and miRNA by array analysis of EC and Fb before and after coculture with TEX. EC and Fb responded more vigorously to AS-Tspan8- than AS-TEX. Though EC and Fb responses differed, both cell lines predominantly responded to membrane receptor activation with upregulation and activation of signaling molecules and transcription factors. Minor TEX-initiated changes in the miRNA profile relied, at least partly, on long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that also affected chromosome organization and mRNA processing. These analyses uncovered three important points. TEX activate target cell autonomous programs. Responses are initiated by TEX targeting units and are target cell-specific. The strong TEX-promoted lncRNA impact reflects lncRNA shuttling and location-dependent distinct activities. These informations urge for an in depth exploration on the mode of TEX-initiated target cell-specific remodeling including, as a major factor, lncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Pancreas Section, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +86-021-6384-6590 (W.M.); +49-6221-484-730 (M.Z.)
| | - Jan Provaznik
- EMBL Genomics Core Facility, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Pancreas Section, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Pancreas Section, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +86-021-6384-6590 (W.M.); +49-6221-484-730 (M.Z.)
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28
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França KC, Martinez PA, Prado ML, Lo SM, Borges BE, Zanata SM, San Martin A, Nakao LS. Quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase 1b (QSOX1b) induces migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by distinct redox pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 679:108220. [PMID: 31812669 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Quiescent and contractile VSMC can switch to proliferative and migratory phenotype in response to growth factors and cytokines, an effect underscored by Nox family NADPH oxidases, particularly Nox1. We previously showed that quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) has a role in neointima formation in balloon-injured rat carotid. Here, we investigated the intracellular redox mechanisms underlying these effects in primary VSMC. Our results show that exogenous incubation with wild type QSOX1b (wt QSOX), or with secreted QSOX1, but not with the inactive C452S QSOX 1b (C452S QSOX) or secreted inactive C455S QSOX1, induces VSMC migration and chemotaxis. PEG-catalase (PEG-CAT) prevented, while PEG-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) increased migration induced by wt QSOX. Moreover, wt QSOX-induced migration was abrogated in NOX1-null VSMC. In contrast, both wt QSOX and C452S QSOX, and both secreted QSOX1 and C455S QSOX1, induce cell proliferation. Such effect was unaltered by PEG-CAT, while being inhibited by PEG-SOD. However, QSOX1-induced proliferation was not significantly affected in NOX1-null VSMC, compared with WT VSMC. These results indicate that hydrogen peroxide and superoxide mediate, respectively, migration and proliferation. However, Nox1 was required only for QSOX1-induced migration. In parallel, QSOX1-induced proliferation was independent of its redox activity, although mediated by intracellular superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karime C França
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Pierina A Martinez
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Maiara L Prado
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Sze M Lo
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Beatriz E Borges
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | - Lia S Nakao
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
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29
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Tsubata T. Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in BCR Signaling as a Second Messenger. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1254:37-46. [PMID: 32323267 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3532-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only toxic substances inducing oxidative stress but also play a role in receptor signaling as a second messenger, which augments signaling through various receptors by oxidizing ROS-sensitive signaling molecules. Among ROS, H2O2 is suggested to be an important second messenger because of its relative stability. H2O2 is generated by superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mediated conversion of superoxide produced by membrane-localized NADPH oxidases (NOXes). Superoxide and H2O2 are also produced as a by-product of mitochondrial respiratory chain and various other metabolic reactions. BCR ligation induces ROS production in two phases. ROS production starts immediately after BCR ligation and ceases in 1 h, then re-starts 2 h after BCR ligation and lasts 4-6 h. ROS production in the early phase is mediated by NOX2, a NOX isoform, but does not regulate BCR signaling. In contrast, ROS production at the late phase augments BCR signaling. Although the involvement of mitochondrial respiration was previously suggested in prolonged BCR ligation-induced ROS production, we recently demonstrated that NOX3, another NOX isoform, plays a central role in ROS production at the late phase. NOXes are shown to be a component of ROS-generating signaling endosome called redoxosome together with endocytosed receptors and receptor-associated signaling molecules. In redoxosome, ROS generated by NOXes augment signaling through the endocytosed receptor. The role of NOXes and redoxosome in BCR signaling needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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30
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Mohamed R, Cao Y, Afroz R, Xu S, Ta HT, Barras M, Zheng W, Little PJ, Kamato D. ROS directly activates transforming growth factor β type 1 receptor signalling in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Gimenez M, Veríssimo-Filho S, Wittig I, Schickling BM, Hahner F, Schürmann C, Netto LES, Rosa JC, Brandes RP, Sartoretto S, De Lucca Camargo L, Abdulkader F, Miller FJ, Lopes LR. Redox Activation of Nox1 (NADPH Oxidase 1) Involves an Intermolecular Disulfide Bond Between Protein Disulfide Isomerase and p47 phox in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:224-236. [PMID: 30580571 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- PDI (protein disulfide isomerase A1) was reported to support Nox1 (NADPH oxidase) activation mediated by growth factors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Our aim was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which PDI activates Nox1 and the functional implications of PDI in Nox1 activation in vascular disease. Approach and Results- Using recombinant proteins, we identified a redox interaction between PDI and the cytosolic subunit p47phox in vitro. Mass spectrometry of crosslinked peptides confirmed redox-dependent disulfide bonds between cysteines of p47phox and PDI and an intramolecular bond between Cys 196 and 378 in p47phox. PDI catalytic Cys 400 and p47phox Cys 196 were essential for the activation of Nox1 by PDI in vascular smooth muscle cells. Transfection of PDI resulted in the rapid oxidation of a redox-sensitive protein linked to p47phox, whereas PDI mutant did not promote this effect. Mutation of p47phox Cys 196, or the redox active cysteines of PDI, prevented Nox1 complex assembly and vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Proximity ligation assay confirmed the interaction of PDI and p47phox in murine carotid arteries after wire injury. Moreover, in human atheroma plaques, a positive correlation between the expression of PDI and p47phox occurred only in PDI family members with the a' redox active site. Conclusions- PDI redox cysteines facilitate Nox1 complex assembly, thus identifying a new mechanism through which PDI regulates Nox activity in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Gimenez
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.G., B.M.S., F.J.M.)
| | - Sidney Veríssimo-Filho
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics Core Unit (I.W.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Brandon M Schickling
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.G., B.M.S., F.J.M.).,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.M.S., S.S., F.J.M.)
| | - Fabian Hahner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (F.H., C.S., R.P.B.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Schürmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (F.H., C.S., R.P.B.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences (L.E.S.N.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José César Rosa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (J.C.R.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (F.H., C.S., R.P.B.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Sartoretto
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.M.S., S.S., F.J.M.)
| | - Lívia De Lucca Camargo
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abdulkader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (F.A.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francis J Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.G., B.M.S., F.J.M.).,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.M.S., S.S., F.J.M.).,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC (F.J.M.)
| | - Lucia Rossetti Lopes
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Barton M, Meyer MR, Prossnitz ER. Nox1 downregulators: A new class of therapeutics. Steroids 2019; 152:108494. [PMID: 31518594 PMCID: PMC6891104 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases share the pathomechanism of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, known as Nox. The recent discovery that expression of Nox1, a Nox isoform that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and kidney disease and cancer is regulated by the expression and activity of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) led to the identification of orally active small-molecule GPER blockers as selective Nox1 downregulators (NDRs). Preclinical studies using NDRs have demonstrated beneficial effects in vascular disease, hypertension, and glomerular renal injury. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of NDRs, which reduce Nox1 protein levels, not only for cardiovascular disease conditions including arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and chronic renal disease, but also for other non-communicable diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune diseases and cancer, in which elevated Nox1-derived ROS production plays a causal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Andreas Grüntzig Foundation, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias R Meyer
- Division of Cardiology, Triemli City Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Care, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Arauna D, Furrianca M, Espinosa-Parrilla Y, Fuentes E, Alarcón M, Palomo I. Natural Bioactive Compounds As Protectors Of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Cardiovascular Diseases And Aging. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234259. [PMID: 31766727 PMCID: PMC6930637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet, particularly the Mediterranean diet, has been considered as a protective factor against the development of cardiovascular diseases, the main cause of death in the world. Aging is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which have an oxidative pathophysiological component, being the mitochondria one of the key organelles in the regulation of oxidative stress. Certain natural bioactive compounds have the ability to regulate oxidative phosphorylation, the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of mitochondrial proteins; but their efficacy within the mitochondrial physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases has not been clarified yet. The following review has the purpose of evaluating several natural compounds with evidence of mitochondrial effect in cardiovascular disease models, ascertaining the main cellular mechanisms and their potential use as functional foods for prevention of cardiovascular disease and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Arauna
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
| | - María Furrianca
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Departamento de enfermería, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Yolanda Espinosa-Parrilla
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine —LMM, Center for Education, Healthcare and Investigation—CADI, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (I.P.)
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (I.P.)
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NADPH oxidases and oxidase crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases: novel therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:170-194. [PMID: 31591535 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent production of ROS underlies sustained oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, aortic aneurysm, hypercholesterolaemia, atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular complications, cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. Interactions between different oxidases or oxidase systems have been intensively investigated for their roles in inducing sustained oxidative stress. In this Review, we discuss the latest data on the pathobiology of each oxidase component, the complex crosstalk between different oxidase components and the consequences of this crosstalk in mediating cardiovascular disease processes, focusing on the central role of particular NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms that are activated in specific cardiovascular diseases. An improved understanding of these mechanisms might facilitate the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting these oxidase systems and their interactions, which could be effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Nanotherapies for Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: A Case for Antioxidant Targeted Delivery. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 7:47-60. [PMID: 31396435 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-019-00196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves a broad range of clinical manifestations resulting from a dysfunctional vascular system. Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are causally implicated in the severity of vascular dysfunction and CVD. Antioxidant therapy is an attractive avenue for treatment of CVD associated pathologies. Implementation of targeted nano-antioxidant therapies has the potential to overcome hurdles associated with systemic delivery of antioxidants. This review examines the currently available options for nanotherapeutic targeting CVD, and explores successful studies showcasing targeted nano-antioxidant therapy. Recent Findings Active targeting strategies in the context of CVD heavily focus on immunotargeting to inflammatory markers like cell adhesion molecules, or to exposed extracellular matrix components. Targeted antioxidant nanotherapies have found success in pre-clinical studies. Summary This review underscores the potential of targeted nanocarriers as means of finding success translating antioxidant therapies to the clinic, all with a focus on CVD.
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Graton ME, Potje SR, Troiano JA, Vale GT, Perassa LA, Nakamune ACMS, Tirapelli CR, Bendhack LM, Antoniali C. Apocynin alters redox signaling in conductance and resistance vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:53-63. [PMID: 30586635 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic treatment with apocynin reduces blood pressure and prevents endothelial dysfunction development in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Mechanisms underlying apocynin effects on SHR remain unclear. Compared to diapocynin and other drugs, apocynin is a weak antioxidant, which suggests that its effects on SHR are associated with other mechanisms besides its antioxidant capacity. Angiotensin (Ang) II regulates NOX, the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) source in the cardiovascular system. We hypothesized that, by inhibiting NOX, apocynin could alter Ang II pressor and vasoconstrictor effects on SHR. We analyzed how Ang II affects blood pressure and vascular reactivity in aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries and evaluated plasma antioxidant capacity, NOX isoforms and subunits, NOS isoforms, AT1 and AT2 receptors expression, ROS production, and NOS activity in apocynin-treated SHR blood vessels (30 mg/Kg/day, p.o.). In SHR, apocynin reduced Ang II pressor effects, increased plasmatic antioxidant capacity, and blunted aortic and mesenteric NOX-dependent oxidants production and NOX2 and p47phox overexpression, which demonstrated that apocynin inhibits NOX in SHR blood vessels. Moreover, apocynin raised plasmatic and aortic nitrate/nitrite levels, maintained NOS activity and eNOS, p-eNOS, nNOS, iNOS, sGC-α, and sGC-β expression in mesenteric bed, diminished AT1 expression in aorta and mesenteric bed, and elevated AT2 expression in SHR aorta. Apocynin increased Ang II vasoconstriction endothelial modulation in SHR resistance arteries. All these results showed that in vivo treatment with apocynin alters several mechanisms that reduce Ang II pressor and vasoconstrictor effects on SHR. Such apocynin effects involve other mechanisms besides vascular ROS modulation, which improves NO availability in SHR vascular cells. These integrated data could help us to understand the promising apocynin activity as an antihypertensive drug that acts differently from the drugs that are currently being used in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo E Graton
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Simone R Potje
- University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Jéssica A Troiano
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T Vale
- University of São Paulo (USP), College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Psychiatry Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Ligia A Perassa
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia M S Nakamune
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- University of São Paulo (USP), College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Psychiatry Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Lusiane M Bendhack
- University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Cristina Antoniali
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16015-050, Brazil.
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Feng YY, Tang M, Suzuki M, Gunasekara C, Anbe Y, Hiraoka Y, Liu J, Grasberger H, Ohkita M, Matsumura Y, Wang JY, Tsubata T. Essential Role of NADPH Oxidase–Dependent Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Maintenance of Sustained B Cell Receptor Signaling and B Cell Proliferation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2546-2557. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Vendrov AE, Sumida A, Canugovi C, Lozhkin A, Hayami T, Madamanchi NR, Runge MS. NOXA1-dependent NADPH oxidase regulates redox signaling and phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cell during atherogenesis. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101063. [PMID: 30576919 PMCID: PMC6302039 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation are key factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We previously reported that NOX activator 1 (NOXA1) is the critical functional homolog of p67phox for NADPH oxidase activation in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Here we investigated the effects of systemic and SMC-specific deletion of Noxa1 on VSMC phenotype during atherogenesis in mice. Neointimal hyperplasia following endovascular injury was lower in Noxa1-deficient mice versus the wild-type following endovascular injury. Noxa1 deletion in Apoe-/- or Ldlr-/- mice fed a Western diet showed 50% reduction in vascular ROS and 30% reduction in aortic atherosclerotic lesion area and aortic sinus lesion volume (P < 0.01). SMC-specific deletion of Noxa1 in Apoe-/- mice (Noxa1SMC-/-/Apoe-/-) similarly decreased vascular ROS levels and atherosclerotic lesion size. TNFα-induced ROS generation, proliferation and migration were significantly attenuated in Noxa1-deficient versus wild-type VSMC. Immunofluorescence analysis of atherosclerotic lesions showed a significant decrease in cells positive for CD68 and myosin11 (22% versus 9%) and Mac3 and α-actin (17% versus 5%) in the Noxa1SMC-/-/Apoe-/- versus Apoe-/- mice. The expression of transcription factor KLF4, a modulator of VSMC phenotype, and its downstream targets – VCAM1, CCL2, and MMP2 – were significantly reduced in the lesions of Noxa1SMC-/-/Apoe-/- versus Apoe-/- mice as well as in oxidized phospholipids treated Noxa1SMC-/- versus wild-type VSMC. Our data support an important role for NOXA1-dependent NADPH oxidase activity in VSMC plasticity during restenosis and atherosclerosis, augmenting VSMC proliferation and migration and KLF4-mediated transition to macrophage-like cells, plaque inflammation, and expansion. NOXA1 is a VSMC-specific regulator of NADPH oxidase 1 activity and downstream cell signaling. NOX1 NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation is required for VSMC proliferation and migration after endovascular injury. NOXA1-dependent NOX1 activation of KLF4 in atherosclerotic lesions induces SMC phenotypic switch to macrophage-like cells. Atherosclerotic lesion macrophage-like cells promote plaque inflammation, matrix remodeling and increase volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr E Vendrov
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arihiro Sumida
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chandrika Canugovi
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrey Lozhkin
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Takayuki Hayami
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marschall S Runge
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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The nuclear receptor NOR-1 modulates redox homeostasis in human vascular smooth muscle cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 122:23-33. [PMID: 30096407 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor NOR-1 (Neuron-derived Orphan Receptor-1) has recently been involved in vascular remodeling and coronary artery disease, however, to date, only a few NOR-1 target genes have been described. We aimed to identify genes regulated by NOR-1 in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Lentiviral overexpression of NOR-1 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human VSMC. In accordance, NOR-1 strongly increased NADPH oxidase NOX1 mRNA and protein levels, while NOR-1 silencing significantly reduced NOX1 expression. Luciferase reporter, site-directed mutagenesis and EMSA studies identified two nerve growth factor-induced clone B (NGFI-B)-response elements (NBREs) in NOX1 promoter as essential elements for NOR-1 responsiveness. NOR-1 and NOX1 were co-expressed by VSMC in human atherosclerotic lesions, and NOX1 knockdown counteracted the increased ROS production and cell migration induced by NOR-1 overexpression. NOR-1 also modulated the expression of other enzymes involved in cellular redox status, in particular, upregulated superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and SOD3 while downregulated SOD2 and NOX4. NOR-1 induced SOD1 and SOD3 transcriptional activity and participated in the modulation of SOD3 by inflammatory stimuli. By contrast, NOR-1 impaired SOD2 transcription antagonizing NFκB signaling. These results indicate that NOR-1 induces NOX1 in human VSMC and participates in the complex gene networks regulating oxidative stress and redox homeostasis in the vasculature.
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Mehr RN, Kheirollah A, Seif F, Dayati P, Babaahmadi-Rezaei H. Reactive Oxygen Species and p38MAPK Have a Role in the Smad2 Linker Region Phosphorylation Induced by TGF-β. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 43:401-408. [PMID: 30046209 PMCID: PMC6055211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in addition to the C-terminal region can phosphorylate receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) in their linker region. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of signaling mediators such as NAD(P)H oxidases (reactive oxygen species [ROS] generators), ROS, and ROS-sensitive p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in this signaling pathway in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS The present in vitro study was performed on human VSMCs. Proteins were detected by western blotting utilizing an anti-phospho-Smad2 (Ser245/250/255) rabbit polyclonal antibody and a horseradish peroxidase-labeled secondary antibody. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as a loading control. The phospho-Smad2 linker region (pSmad2L) was detected in all the experimental groups: a control group (untreated group), a group treated with TGF-β (2 ng/mL), and a group treated with TGF-β plus different inhibitors. The data were normalized and presented as mean±SEM. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 16.0, and the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. A P value smaller than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The VSMCs treated with TGF-β (2 ng/mL) showed a time-dependent increase in the pSmad2L level. The highest level was observed at 15 minutes (P=0.03). The inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidases (diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin) (P=0.04), ROS scavenger (N-acetylcysteine) (P=0.04), and p38MAPK inhibitor (SB-202190) (P=0.04) were able to reduce the increased level of the pSmad2L by TGF-β. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that NAD(P)H oxidases played an important role in the Smad2L phosphorylation in the human VSMCs. Furthermore, our results confirmed that ROS and p38MAPK were involved in this signaling pathway. Thus, TGF-β via a ROS-dependent mechanism can transmit its signals to the pSmad2L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Niayesh Mehr
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Kheirollah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Seif
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parisa Dayati
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Babaahmadi-Rezaei
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Meyer MR, Barton M. GPER blockers as Nox downregulators: A new drug class to target chronic non-communicable diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:82-87. [PMID: 28343901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a hallmark of chronic non-communicable diseases such as arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, and chronic renal disease. Cardiovascular diseases are characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NAPDH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and additional Nox isoforms among other sources. Activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) can mediate multiple salutary effects on the cardiovascular system. However, GPER also has constitutive activity, e.g. in the absence of specific agonists, that was recently shown to promote hypertension and aging-induced tissue damage by promoting Nox1-derived production of ROS. Furthermore, the small molecule GPER blocker (GRB) G36 reduces blood pressure and vascular ROS production by selectively down-regulating Nox1 expression. These unexpected findings revealed GRBs as first in class Nox downregulators capable to selectively reduce the increased expression and activity of Nox1 in disease conditions. Here, we will discuss the paradigm shift from selective GPER activation to ligand-independent, constitutive GPER signaling as a key regulator of Nox-derived oxidative stress, and the surprising identification of GRBs as the first Nox downregulators for the treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Meyer
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Cardiology, Triemli City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Prossnitz ER. GPER modulators: Opportunity Nox on the heels of a class Akt. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:73-81. [PMID: 28285016 PMCID: PMC5591048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The (patho)physiology of estrogen and its receptors is complex. It is therefore not surprising that therapeutic approaches targeting this hormone include stimulation of its activity through supplementation with either the hormone itself or natural or synthetic agonists, inhibition of its activity through the use of antagonists or inhibitors of its synthesis, and tissue-selective modulation of its activity with biased ligands. The physiology of this hormone is further complicated by the existence of at least three receptors, the classical nuclear estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ), and the 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30), with overlapping but distinct pharmacologic profiles, particularly of anti-estrogenic ligands. GPER-selective ligands, as well as GPER knockout mice, have greatly aided our understanding of the physiological roles of GPER. Such ligands have revealed that GPER activation mediates many of the rapid cellular signaling events (including Ca2+ mobilization, ERK and PI3K/Akt activation) associated with estrogen activity, as opposed to the nuclear ERs that are traditionally described to function as ligand-induced transcriptional factors. Many of the salutary effects of estrogen throughout the body are reproduced by the GPER-selective agonist G-1, which, owing to its minimal effects on reproductive tissues, can be considered a non-feminizing estrogenic compound, and thus of potential therapeutic use in both women and men. On the contrary, until recently GPER-selective antagonists had predominantly found preclinical application in cancer models where estrogen stimulates cell growth and survival. This viewpoint changed recently with the discovery that GPER is associated with aging, particularly that of the cardiovascular system, where the GPER antagonist G36 reduced hypertension and GPER deficiency prevented cardiac fibrosis and vascular dysfunction with age, through the downregulation of Nox1 and as a consequence superoxide production. Thus, similar to the classical ERs, both agonists and antagonists of GPER may be of therapeutic benefit depending on the disease or condition to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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Nox4 genetic inhibition in experimental hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 111:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Apocynin Prevents Abnormal Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Activation Induced by Chronic Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9258937. [PMID: 29317986 PMCID: PMC5727790 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9258937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chronic stress (ECS) has been identified as a trigger of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Changes in redox balance, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and platelet hyperreactivity were detected in both ECS and ACS. However, the mechanisms by which ECS predisposes to thrombosis are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the impact of ECS on platelet activation and megakaryopoiesis in mice and the effect of Apocynin in this experimental setting. ECS induced by 4 days of forced swimming stress (FSS) treatment predisposed to arterial thrombosis and increased oxidative stress (e.g., plasma malondialdehyde levels). Interestingly, Apocynin treatment prevented these alterations. In addition, FSS induced abnormal megakaryopoiesis increasing the number and the maturation state of bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs) and affecting circulating platelets. In particular, a higher number of large and reticulated platelets with marked functional activation were detected after FSS. Apocynin decreased the total MK number and prevented their ability to generate ROS without affecting the percentage of CD42d+ cells, and it reduced the platelet hyperactivation in stressed mice. In conclusion, Apocynin restores the physiological megakaryopoiesis and platelet behavior, preventing the detrimental effect of chronic stress on thrombosis, suggesting its potential use in the occurrence of thrombosis associated with ECS.
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Hu J, Xue P, Mao X, Xie L, Li G, You Z. SUMO1/UBC9‑decreased Nox1 activity inhibits reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1690-1698. [PMID: 29138839 PMCID: PMC5780112 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an increasing global health concern that causes vision loss and blindness. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be a principal cause of DR. An important source of ROS is the oxidization of NADPH. In the present study, NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1)-expressing human retinal epithelial cell (HREC) lines were generated and infected with small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) and/or ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 I (UBC9) lentiviral pGMLV constructs. The viabilities, apoptotic capacities and ROS production levels of the HREC lines were quantified using Hoechst 33258, annexin V/propidium iodide and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assays, respectively. Additionally, rat DR models were established. From these models, the apoptotic capacities of retinal tissues were visualized using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays, and the pathologies were evaluated. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SUMO1, UBC9 and Nox1 were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. Compared with controls, the relative mRNA levels of SUMO1 and UBC9 were significantly upregulated, and the Nox1 levels significantly downregulated, in cells infected with SUMO1 or UBC9 alone or in combination. The ROS production and apoptosis rates of cells and retinal tissues were decreased. In addition, pathological symptoms in DR tissues improved when they were simultaneously transfected with SUMO1 and UBC9 via intraocular injection. In conclusion, the SUMO1/UBC9 axis may regulate Nox1-mediated DR by inhibiting ROS generation and apoptosis in rat and cellular model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoli Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xinbang Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng You
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Bhardwaj V, Gokulan RC, Horvat A, Yermalitskaya L, Korolkova O, Washington KM, El-Rifai W, Dikalov SI, Zaika AI. Activation of NADPH oxidases leads to DNA damage in esophageal cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9956. [PMID: 28855537 PMCID: PMC5577233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the strongest known risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. In the center of tumorigenic events caused by GERD is repeated damage of esophageal tissues by the refluxate. In this study, we focused on a genotoxic aspect of exposure of esophageal cells to acidic bile reflux (BA/A). Analyzing cells generated from patients with Barrett's esophagus and human esophageal specimens, we found that BA/A cause significant DNA damage that is mediated by reactive-oxygen species. ROS originate from mitochondria and NADPH oxidases. We specifically identified NOX1 and NOX2 enzymes to be responsible for ROS generation. Inhibition of NOX2 and NOX1 with siRNA or chemical inhibitors significantly suppresses ROS production and DNA damage induced by BA/A. Mechanistically, our data showed that exposure of esophageal cells to acidic bile salts induces phosphorylation of the p47phox subunit of NOX2 and its translocation to the cellular membrane. This process is mediated by protein kinase C, which is activated by BA/A. Taken together, our studies suggest that inhibition of ROS induced by reflux can be a useful strategy for preventing DNA damage and decreasing the risk of tumorigenic transformation caused by GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bhardwaj
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ravindran Caspa Gokulan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andela Horvat
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Liudmila Yermalitskaya
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Olga Korolkova
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kay M Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sergey I Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexander I Zaika
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Glutathione and Glutathione Transferase Omega 1 as Key Posttranslational Regulators in Macrophages. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5. [PMID: 28102119 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mchd-0044-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation during phagocytosis or by pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 4, leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS act as a microbicidal defense mechanism, promoting clearance of infection, allowing for resolution of inflammation. Overproduction of ROS, however, overwhelms our cellular antioxidant defense system, promoting oxidation of protein machinery, leading to macrophage dysregulation and pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory conditions, such as atherosclerosis. Here we will describe the role of the antioxidant tripeptide glutathione (GSH). Until recently, the binding of GSH, termed glutathionylation, was only considered to maintain the integrity of cellular components, limiting the damaging effects of an aberrant oxidative environment. GSH can, however, have positive and negative regulatory effects on protein function in macrophages. GSH regulates protein secretion, driving tumor necrosis factor α release, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α stability, STAT3 phosphorylation, and caspase-1 activation in macrophages. GSH also plays a role in host defense against Listeria monocytogenes, modifying the key virulence protein PrfA in infected macrophages. We will also discuss glutathione transferase omega 1, a deglutathionylating enzyme recently shown to play a role in many aspects of macrophage activity, including metabolism, NF-κB activation, and cell survival pathways. Glutathionylation is emerging as a key regulatory event in macrophage biology that might be susceptible to therapeutic targeting.
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Thompson JA, Larion S, Mintz JD, Belin de Chantemèle EJ, Fulton DJ, Stepp DW. Genetic Deletion of NADPH Oxidase 1 Rescues Microvascular Function in Mice With Metabolic Disease. Circ Res 2017; 121:502-511. [PMID: 28684629 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Early vascular changes in metabolic disease that precipitate the development of cardiovascular complications are largely driven by reactive oxygen species accumulation, yet the extent to which excess reactive oxygen species derive from specific NADPH oxidase isoforms remains ill defined. OBJECTIVE Identify the role of Nox1 in the development of microvascular dysfunction in metabolic disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Four genotypes were generated by breeding Nox1 knockout mice with db/db mice: lean (HdbWnox1), lean Nox1 knockout (HdbKnox1), obese (KdbWnox1), and obese KK (KdbKnox1). The degree of adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in KW mice was not influenced by Nox1 deletion as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, glucose tolerance tests, and plasma analyses. Endothelium-dependent responses to acetylcholine in pressurized mesenteric arteries were reduced in KW versus HW (P<0.01), whereas deletion of Nox1 in KW mice normalized dilation. Vasodilator responses after inhibition of NO synthase blunted acetylcholine responses in KK and lean controls, but had no impact in KW, attributing recovered dilatory capacity in KK to normalization of NO. Acetylcholine responses were improved (P<0.05) with Tempol, and histochemistry revealed oxidative stress in KW animals, whereas Tempol had no impact and reactive oxygen species staining was negligible in KK. Blunted dilatory responses to an NO donor and loss of myogenic tone in KW animals were also rescued with Nox1 deletion. CONCLUSIONS Nox1 deletion reduces oxidant load and restores microvascular health in db/db mice without influencing the degree of metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, targeted Nox1 inhibition may be effective in the prevention of vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Thompson
- From the Vascular Biology Center (J.A.T., S.L., J.D.M., E.J.B.d.C., D.J.F., D.W.S.), Department of Physiology (D.W.S), Department of Pharmacology (D.J.F.), and Department of Medicine (S.L., E.J.B.d.C.), Augusta University, GA
| | - Sebastian Larion
- From the Vascular Biology Center (J.A.T., S.L., J.D.M., E.J.B.d.C., D.J.F., D.W.S.), Department of Physiology (D.W.S), Department of Pharmacology (D.J.F.), and Department of Medicine (S.L., E.J.B.d.C.), Augusta University, GA
| | - James D Mintz
- From the Vascular Biology Center (J.A.T., S.L., J.D.M., E.J.B.d.C., D.J.F., D.W.S.), Department of Physiology (D.W.S), Department of Pharmacology (D.J.F.), and Department of Medicine (S.L., E.J.B.d.C.), Augusta University, GA
| | - Eric J Belin de Chantemèle
- From the Vascular Biology Center (J.A.T., S.L., J.D.M., E.J.B.d.C., D.J.F., D.W.S.), Department of Physiology (D.W.S), Department of Pharmacology (D.J.F.), and Department of Medicine (S.L., E.J.B.d.C.), Augusta University, GA
| | - David J Fulton
- From the Vascular Biology Center (J.A.T., S.L., J.D.M., E.J.B.d.C., D.J.F., D.W.S.), Department of Physiology (D.W.S), Department of Pharmacology (D.J.F.), and Department of Medicine (S.L., E.J.B.d.C.), Augusta University, GA
| | - David W Stepp
- From the Vascular Biology Center (J.A.T., S.L., J.D.M., E.J.B.d.C., D.J.F., D.W.S.), Department of Physiology (D.W.S), Department of Pharmacology (D.J.F.), and Department of Medicine (S.L., E.J.B.d.C.), Augusta University, GA.
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Oxidative stress-call for papers. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:139-140. [PMID: 28011899 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lozhkin A, Vendrov AE, Pan H, Wickline SA, Madamanchi NR, Runge MS. NADPH oxidase 4 regulates vascular inflammation in aging and atherosclerosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 102:10-21. [PMID: 27986445 PMCID: PMC5625334 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression and activity during aging results in enhanced cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. The goal of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) for these effects and determine the importance of NOX4 modulation of proinflammatory gene expression in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). A novel peptide-mediated siRNA transfection approach was used to inhibit Nox4 expression with minimal cellular toxicity. Using melittin-derived peptide p5RHH, we achieved significantly higher transfection efficiency (92% vs. 85% with Lipofectamine) and decreased toxicity (p<0.001 vs. Lipofectamine in MTT and p<0.0001 vs. Lipofectamine in LDH assays) in VSMCs. TGFβ1 significantly upregulates Nox4 mRNA (p<0.01) and protein (p<0.01) expression in VSMCs. p5RHH-mediated Nox4 siRNA transfection greatly attenuated TGFβ1-induced upregulation of Nox4 mRNA (p<0.01) and protein (p<0.0001) levels and decreased hydrogen peroxide production (p<0.0001). Expression of pro-inflammatory genes Ccl2, Ccl5, Il6, and Vcam1 was significantly upregulated in VSMCs in several settings cells isolated from aged vs. young wild-type mice, in atherosclerotic arteries of Apoe-/- mice, and atherosclerotic human carotid arteries and correlated with NOX4 expression. p5RHH-mediated Nox4 siRNA transfection significantly attenuated the expression of these pro-inflammatory genes in TGFβ1-treated mouse VSMCs, with the highest degree of inhibition in the expression of Il6. p5RHH peptide-mediated knockdown of TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1, also known as Map3k7), Jun, and Rela, but not Nfkb2, downregulated TGFβ1-induced Nox4 expression in VSMCs. Together, these data demonstrate that increased expression and activation of NOX4, which might result from increased TGFβ1 levels seen during aging, induces a proinflammatory phenotype in VSMCs, enhancing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Lozhkin
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - Aleksandr E Vendrov
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - Marschall S Runge
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA.
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