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Jin S, Wang H, Zhang X, Song M, Liu B, Sun W. Emerging regulatory mechanisms in cardiovascular disease: Ferroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116457. [PMID: 38518600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other types of cell death, is a novel iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and redox imbalance with distinct morphological, biochemical, and genetic features. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis, the disruption of antioxidative stress pathways and lipid peroxidation are crucial in ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and heart failure. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that regulate ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases will enhance the prevention and treatment of these diseases. This review discusses the latest findings on the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its regulation in cardiovascular diseases, the application of ferroptosis modulators in cardiovascular diseases, and the role of traditional Chinese medicines in ferroptosis regulation to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and identify new prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 YaTai Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 YaTai Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 YaTai Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Mengyang Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 YaTai Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 YaTai Street, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 YaTai Street, Changchun 130041, China.
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Peyret H, Konecki C, Terryn C, Dubuisson F, Millart H, Feliu C, Djerada Z. Methylglyoxal induces cardiac dysfunction through mechanisms involving altered intracellular calcium handling in the rat heart. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110949. [PMID: 38555048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is an endogenous, highly reactive dicarbonyl metabolite generated under hyperglycaemic conditions. MGO plays a role in developing pathophysiological conditions, including diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanisms involved and the molecular targets of MGO in the heart have not been elucidated. In this work, we studied the exposure-related effects of MGO on cardiac function in an isolated perfused rat heart ex vivo model. The effect of MGO on calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes was studied in vitro by the fluorescence indicator of intracellular calcium Fluo-4. We demonstrated that MGO induced cardiac dysfunction, both in contractility and diastolic function. In rat heart, the effects of MGO treatment were significantly limited by aminoguanidine, a scavenger of MGO, ruthenium red, a general cation channel blocker, and verapamil, an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker, demonstrating that this dysfunction involved alteration of calcium regulation. MGO induced a significant concentration-dependent increase of intracellular calcium in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, which was limited by aminoguanidine and verapamil. These results suggest that the functionality of various calcium channels is altered by MGO, particularly the L-type calcium channel, thus explaining its cardiac toxicity. Therefore, MGO could participate in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy through its impact on calcium homeostasis in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Peyret
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR 3801 PPF, Reims, 51100, France
| | - Céline Konecki
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR 3801 PPF, Reims, 51100, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Service Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Pôle de Biologie Territoriale, Reims, 51100, France
| | - Christine Terryn
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, PICT, Reims, 51100, France
| | - Florine Dubuisson
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR 3801 PPF, Reims, 51100, France
| | - Hervé Millart
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR 3801 PPF, Reims, 51100, France
| | - Catherine Feliu
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR 3801 PPF, Reims, 51100, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Service Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Pôle de Biologie Territoriale, Reims, 51100, France
| | - Zoubir Djerada
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR 3801 PPF, Reims, 51100, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Service Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Pôle de Biologie Territoriale, Reims, 51100, France.
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Qu C, Tan X, Hu Q, Tang J, Wang Y, He C, He Z, Li B, Fu X, Du Q. A systematic review of astragaloside IV effects on animal models of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26863. [PMID: 38439832 PMCID: PMC10909731 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the fastest-growing diseases worldwide; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Complications seriously affect the quality of life of patients in the later stages of diabetes, ultimately leading to suffering. Natural small molecules are an important source of antidiabetic agents. Objective Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is an active ingredient of Astragalus mongholicus (Fisch.) Bunge. We reviewed the efficacy and mechanism of action of AS-IV in animal and cellular models of diabetes and the mechanism of action of AS-IV on diabetic complications in animal and cellular models. We also summarized the safety of AS-IV and provided ideas and rationales for its future clinical application. Methods Articles on the intervention in DM and its complications using AS-IV, such as those published in SCIENCE, PubMed, Springer, ACS, SCOPUS, and CNKI from the establishment of the database to February 2022, were reviewed. The following points were systematically summarized: dose/concentration, route of administration, potential mechanisms, and efficacy of AS-IV in animal models of DM and its complications. Results AS-IV has shown therapeutic effects in animal models of DM, such as alleviating gestational diabetes, delaying diabetic nephropathy, preventing myocardial cell apoptosis, and inhibiting vascular endothelial dysfunction; however, the potential effects of AS-IV on DM should be investigated. Conclusion AS-IV is a potential drug for the treatment of diabetes and its complications, including diabetic vascular disease, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and nephropathy. In addition, preclinical toxicity studies indicate that it appears to be safe, but the safe human dose limit is yet to be determined, and formal assessments of adverse drug reactions among humans need to be further investigated. However, additional formulations or structural modifications are required to improve the pharmacokinetic parameters and facilitate the clinical use of AS-IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Qu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Nanjiang County Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Bazhong, 635600, China
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Caiying He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - ZiJia He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Quanyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610072, China
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Zhu J, Bao Z, Hu Z, Wu S, Tian C, Zhou Y, Ding Z, Tan X. Myricetin alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating gut microbiota and their metabolites. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:10. [PMID: 38472186 PMCID: PMC10933338 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Myricetin protects cardiac function in DCM. However, the low bioavailability of myricetin fails to explain its pharmacological mechanisms thoroughly. Research has shown that myricetin has a positive effect on the gut microbiota. We hypothesize that myricetin improves the development of DCM via regulating gut microbiota. METHODS DCM mice were induced with streptozotocin and fed a high-fat diet, and then treated with myricetin by gavage and high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Indexes related to gut microbiota composition, cardiac structure, cardiac function, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation were detected. Moreover, the gut contents were transplanted to DCM mice, and the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on DCM mice was assessed. RESULTS Myricetin could improve cardiac function in DCM mice by decreasing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The composition of gut microbiota, especially for short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria involving Roseburia, Faecalibaculum, and Bifidobacterium, was more abundant by myricetin treatment in DCM mice. Myricetin increased occludin expression and the number of goblet cells in DCM mice. Compared with DCM mice unfed with gut content, the cardiac function, number of goblet cells, and expression of occludin in DCM mice fed by gut contents were elevated, while cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and TLR4/MyD88 pathway-related proteins were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Myricetin can prevent DCM development by increasing the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and restoring the gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College (Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City), 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuoqi Hu
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenglin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuihong Tian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueran Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zipeng Ding
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
- Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Li H, Zhu X, Cao X, Lu Y, Zhou J, Zhang X. Single-cell analysis reveals lysyl oxidase (Lox) + fibroblast subset involved in cardiac fibrosis of diabetic mice. J Adv Res 2023; 54:223-237. [PMID: 36706988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction are the main characteristics of diabetic heart disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic myocardial fibrosis remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of cardiac fibroblasts in diabetic mice and its possible mechanism in the development of diabetic myocardial fibrosis. METHODS We established a diabetic mouse model by injecting mice with streptozotocin. The overall cell profiles in diabetic hearts were analyzed using single-cell RNA transcriptomic techniques. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Cardiac fibrosis was assessed by Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining. Protein expression was analyzed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS A total of 11,585 cells were captured in control (Ctrl) and diabetic (DM) hearts. Twelve cell types were identified in this study. The number of fibroblasts was significantly higher in the DM hearts than in the Ctrl group. The fibroblasts were further re-clustered into nine subsets. Interestingly, cluster 4 fibroblasts were significantly increased in diabetic hearts compared with other fibroblast clusters. Lysyl oxidase (Lox) was highly expressed in DM fibroblasts (especially in cluster 4). Beta-aminopropionitrile, a Lox inhibitor, inhibited collagen expression and alleviated cardiac dysfunction in the diabetic group. Lysyl oxidase inhibition also reduced high glucose-induced collagen protein upregulation in primary fibroblasts. Moreover, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor not only prevented an increase in Lox and Col I but also inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the heterogeneity of cardiac fibroblasts in diabetic mice for the first time. Fibroblasts with high expression of Lox (cluster 4 fibroblasts) were identified to play a crucial role in fibrosis in diabetic heart disease. The findings of this study may provide a possible therapeutic target for interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyangzi Li
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yicheng Lu
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Sharma A, De Blasio M, Ritchie R. Current challenges in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis: Recent insights into the sex-specific differences of glucose-lowering therapies on the diabetic heart: IUPHAR Review 33. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2916-2933. [PMID: 35174479 PMCID: PMC10952904 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant cardiac complication of diabetes is cardiomyopathy, a form of ventricular dysfunction that develops independently of coronary artery disease, hypertension and valvular diseases, which may subsequently lead to heart failure. Several structural features underlie the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and eventual diabetes-induced heart failure. Pathological cardiac fibrosis (interstitial and perivascular), in addition to capillary rarefaction and myocardial apoptosis, are particularly noteworthy. Sex differences in the incidence, development and presentation of diabetes, heart failure and interstitial myocardial fibrosis have been identified. Nevertheless, therapeutics specifically targeting diabetes-associated cardiac fibrosis remain lacking and treatment approaches remain the same regardless of patient sex or the co-morbidities that patients may present. This review addresses the observed anti-fibrotic effects of newer glucose-lowering therapies and traditional cardiovascular disease treatments, in the diabetic myocardium (from both preclinical and clinical contexts). Furthermore, any known sex differences in these treatment effects are also explored. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipree Sharma
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Miles De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PharmacologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rebecca Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PharmacologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of MedicineMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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Tan YM, Cao LY, Jiao YQ, Han L, Tang MX, Wang ZH, Zhang W, Zhong M, Zhang L. Inhibition of miR-543 alleviates cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation and collagen expression in insulin resistance via targeting PTEN. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 576:111996. [PMID: 37406985 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial interstitial fibrosis is an important manifestation of diabetic heart disease, and insulin resistance is one of the mechanisms of myocardial interstitial fibrosis. Some studies have found that miR-543 is associated with insulin resistance, but whether it plays a role in diabetic myocardial interstitial fibrosis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-543 in diabetic myocardial interstitial fibrosis. METHODS The combination of high glucose and high insulin was used to establish an insulin-resistant myocardial fibroblast model. The expression levels of miR-543, α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and PTEN were detected. Cell proliferation and migration were detected. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-543 and PTEN. RESULTS The expression of miR-543 was up-regulated in myocardial fibroblasts with insulin resistance, which was consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. The proliferation and migration levels of myocardial fibroblasts in insulin-resistant states were increased, and the expression levels of α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ were also increased. Inhibition of miR-543 expression could reverse the above changes. Target gene prediction and dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-543 could bind to the 3'UTR region of PTEN. Moreover, the effect of miR-543 on insulin-resistant myocardial fibroblasts is mediated by targeting PTEN. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of miR-543 can reduce myocardial fibroblast-myofibroblast transformation and collagen expression in insulin-resistant states by targeting PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Min Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China; Institute of Large-scale Scientific Facility and Centre for Zero Magnetic Field Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Ying Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Meng-Xiong Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Velagic A, Li M, Deo M, Li JC, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, Anderson D, De Blasio MJ, Woodman OL, Kemp-Harper BK, Qin CX, Ritchie RH. A high-sucrose diet exacerbates the left ventricular phenotype in a high fat-fed streptozotocin rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H241-H257. [PMID: 36607798 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00390.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is an early, clinically detectable sign of cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that precedes the development of symptomatic heart failure. Preclinical models of diabetic cardiomyopathy are essential to develop therapies that may prevent or delay the progression of heart failure. This study examined the molecular, structural, and functional cardiac phenotype of two rat models of T2DM induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) with a moderate- or high-sucrose content (containing 88.9 or 346 g/kg sucrose, respectively), plus administration of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). At 8 wk of age, male Sprague-Dawley rats commenced a moderate- or high-sucrose HFD. Two weeks later, rats received low-dose STZ (35 mg/kg ip for 2 days) and remained on their respective diets. LV function was assessed by echocardiography 1 wk before end point. At 22 wk of age, blood and tissues were collected postmortem. Relative to chow-fed sham rats, diabetic rats on a moderate- or high-sucrose HFD displayed cardiac reactive oxygen species dysregulation, perivascular fibrosis, and impaired LV diastolic function. The diabetes-induced impact on LV adverse remodeling and diastolic dysfunction was more apparent when a high-sucrose HFD was superimposed on STZ. In conclusion, a high-sucrose HFD in combination with low-dose STZ produced a cardiac phenotype that more closely resembled T2DM-induced cardiomyopathy than STZ diabetic rats subjected to a moderate-sucrose HFD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Left ventricular dysfunction and adverse remodeling were more pronounced in diabetic rats that received low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) and a high-sucrose high-fat diet (HFD) compared with those on a moderate-sucrose HFD in combination with STZ. Our findings highlight the importance of sucrose content in diet composition, particularly in preclinical studies of diabetic cardiomyopathy, and demonstrate that low-dose STZ combined with a high-sucrose HFD is an appropriate rodent model of cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anida Velagic
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mandy Li
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jasmin Chendi Li
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dovile Anderson
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Januzzi JL, Butler J, Del Prato S, Ezekowitz JA, Ibrahim NE, Lam CSP, Lewis GD, Marwick TH, Rosenstock J, Tang WHW, Zannad F, Lawson F, Perfetti R, Urbinati A. Rationale and design of the Aldose Reductase Inhibition for Stabilization of Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure Trial (ARISE-HF) in patients with high-risk diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J 2023; 256:25-36. [PMID: 36372245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is a specific form of heart muscle disease that may result in substantial morbidity and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperactivation of the polyol pathway is one of the primary mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including development of DbCM. There is an unmet need for therapies targeting the underlying metabolic abnormalities that drive this form of Stage B heart failure (HF). METHODS Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the polyol pathway, and AR inhibition has been shown to reduce diabetic complications, including DbCM in animal models and in patients with DbCM. Previous AR inhibitors (ARIs) were limited by poor specificity resulting in unacceptable tolerability and safety profile. AT-001 is a novel investigational highly specific ARI with higher binding affinity and greater selectivity than previously studied ARIs. ARISE-HF (NCT04083339) is an ongoing Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, global clinical study to investigate the efficacy of AT-001 (1000 mg twice daily [BID] and 1500 mg BID) in 675 T2DM patients with DbCM at high risk of progression to overt HF. ARISE-HF assesses the ability of AT-001 to improve or prevent decline in exercise capacity as measured by functional capacity (changes in peak oxygen uptake [peak VO2]) over 15 (and possibly 27) months of treatment. Additional endpoints include percentage of patients progressing to overt HF, health status metrics, echocardiographic measurements, and changes in cardiacbiomarkers. RESULTS The ARISE-HF Trial is fully enrolled. CONCLUSIONS This report describes the rationale and study design of ARISE-HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Januzzi
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Baim Institute for Clinical Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Javed Butler
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Baylor Scott and White Institute, Dallas, TX
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Section of Diabetes, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - W H Wilson Tang
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm CIC and CHRU, Nancy, France
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10
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Hao J, Liu Y. Epigenetics of methylation modifications in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1119765. [PMID: 37008904 PMCID: PMC10050754 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1119765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases with complications including diabetic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recently, a growing body of research has revealed that the complex interplay between epigenetic changes and the environmental factors may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications secondary to diabetes. Methylation modifications, including DNA methylation and histone methylation among others, are important in developing diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here we summarized the literatures of studies focusing on the role of DNA methylation, and histone modifications in microvascular complications of diabetes and discussed the mechanism underlying these disorders, to provide the guidance for future research toward an integrated pathophysiology and novel therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent this frequent pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hao
- Department of Emergency, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yao Liu,
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11
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Macvanin MT, Gluvic Z, Radovanovic J, Essack M, Gao X, Isenovic ER. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: The role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124613. [PMID: 36950696 PMCID: PMC10025540 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is on the rise, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic and preventive strategies to mitigate the disease's debilitating effects. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCMP) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients globally. DCMP manifests as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis before progressing to heart failure. Evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate diabetic cardiomyopathy-related processes such as insulin resistance, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation, emphasizing their heart-protective effects. This paper reviewed the literature data from animal and human studies on the non-trivial roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the context of DCMP in diabetes and demonstrated their future potential in DCMP treatment in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Mirjana T. Macvanin,
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Wu S, Zhu J, Wu G, Hu Z, Ying P, Bao Z, Ding Z, Tan X. 6-Gingerol Alleviates Ferroptosis and Inflammation of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3027514. [PMID: 36624878 PMCID: PMC9825225 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3027514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) can induce cardiomyocyte injury and lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) which presently has no specific treatments and consequently increase risk of mortality. OBJECTIVE To characterize the therapeutic effect of 6-gingerol (6-G) on DCM and identify its potential mechanism. METHODS In vivo streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced DM model was established by using a high-fat diet and STZ, followed by low-dose (25 mg/kg) and high-dose (75 mg/kg) 6-G intervention. For an in vitro DCM model, H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cells were stimulated with high glucose (glucose = 33 mM) and palmitic acid (100 μM) and then treated with 6-G (100 μM). Histological and echocardiographic analyses were used to assess the effect of 6-G on cardiac structure and function in DCM. Western blotting, ELISA, and real-time qPCR were used to assess the expression of ferroptosis, inflammation, and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-related proteins and RNAs. Protein expression of collagen I and collagen III was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and kits were used to assay SOD, MDA, and iron levels. RESULTS The results showed that 6-G decreased cardiac injury in both mouse and cell models of DCM. The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis were attenuated by 6-G treatment in vivo and resulted in an improved heart function. 6-G inhibited the expression of ferroptosis-related protein FACL4 and the content of iron and enhanced the expression of anti-ferroptosis-related protein GPX4. In addition, 6-G also diminished the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. 6-G treatment activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, enhanced antioxidative stress capacity proved by increased activity of SOD, and decreased MDA production. Compared with in vivo, 6-G treatment of H9c2 cells treated with high glucose and palmitic acid could produce a similar effect. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that 6-G could protect against DCM by the mechanism of ferroptosis inhibition and inflammation reduction via enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
- Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medica College, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China
| | - Guihai Wu
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Zuoqi Hu
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Pengxiang Ying
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Zipeng Ding
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
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Tu Y, Li Q, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Wu C, Xie E, Li Y, Li P, Wu Y, Guo Z, Yu C, Zheng J, Gao Y. Empagliflozin inhibits coronary microvascular dysfunction and reduces cardiac pericyte loss in db/db mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:995216. [PMID: 36588571 PMCID: PMC9800791 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.995216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a pathophysiological feature of diabetic heart disease. However, whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors protect the cardiovascular system by alleviating CMD is not known. Objective We observed the protective effects of empagliflozin (EMPA) on diabetic CMD. Materials and methods The mice were randomly divided into a db/db group and a db/db + EMPA group, and db/m mice served as controls. At 8 weeks of age, the db/db + EMPA group was given empagliflozin 10 mg/(kg⋅d) by gavage for 8 weeks. Body weight, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure were dynamically observed. Cardiac systolic and diastolic function and coronary flow reserve (CFR) were detected using echocardiography. The coronary microvascular structure and distribution of cardiac pericytes were observed using immunofluorescence staining. Picrosirius red staining was performed to evaluate cardiac fibrosis. Results Empagliflozin lowered the increased fasting blood glucose levels of the db/db group. The left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular fractional shortening, E/A ratio and E/e' ratio were not significantly different between the three groups. CFR was decreased in the db/db group, but EMPA significantly improved CFR. In contrast to the sparse and abnormal expansion of coronary microvessels observed in the db/db group, the number of coronary microvessels was increased, and the capillary diameter was decreased in the db/db + EMPA group. The number and microvascular coverage of cardiac pericytes were reduced in the db/db mice but were improved by EMPA. The cardiac fibrosis was increased in db/db group and may alleviate by EMPA. Conclusion Empagliflozin inhibited CMD and reduced cardiac pericyte loss in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Tu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanchen Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Enmin Xie
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yike Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peizhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Wang H, Wang L, Hu F, Wang P, Xie Y, Li F, Guo B. Neuregulin-4 attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:205. [PMID: 36221104 PMCID: PMC9554973 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by left ventricle dysfunction, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis and is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Autophagy is a mechanism that is essential for maintaining normal heart morphology and function, and its dysregulation can produce pathological effects on diabetic hearts. Neuregulin-4 (Nrg4) is an adipokine that exerts protective effects against metabolic disorders and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to explore whether Nrg4 could ameliorate DM-induced myocardial injury by regulating autophagy. Methods Four weeks after the establishment of a model of type 1 diabetes in mice, the mice received Nrg4 treatment (with or without an autophagy inhibitor) for another 4 weeks. The cardiac functions, histological structures and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were investigated. Autophagy-related protein levels along with related signalling pathways that regulate autophagy were evaluated. In addition, the effects of Nrg4 on autophagy were also determined in cultured primary cardiomyocytes. Results Nrg4 alleviated myocardial injury both in vivo and in vitro. The autophagy level was decreased in type 1 diabetic mice, and Nrg4 intervention reactivated autophagy. Furthermore, Nrg4 intervention was found to activate autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Moreover, when autophagy was suppressed or the AMPK/mTOR pathway was inhibited, the beneficial effects of Nrg4 were diminished. Conclusion Nrg4 intervention attenuated diabetic cardiomyopathy by promoting autophagy in type 1 diabetic mice. Additionally, Nrg4 induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01643-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Fuli Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang Great Wall Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yanan Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Bingyan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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15
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Chen MY, Meng XF, Han YP, Yan JL, Xiao C, Qian LB. Profile of crosstalk between glucose and lipid metabolic disturbance and diabetic cardiomyopathy: Inflammation and oxidative stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:983713. [PMID: 36187088 PMCID: PMC9521548 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.983713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the risk, such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus, of cardiovascular diseases has been increasing explosively with the development of living conditions and the expansion of social psychological pressure. The disturbance of glucose and lipid metabolism contributes to both collapse of myocardial structure and cardiac dysfunction, which ultimately leads to diabetic cardiomyopathy. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is multifactorial, including inflammatory cascade activation, oxidative/nitrative stress, and the following impaired Ca2+ handling induced by insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia in diabetes. Some key alterations of cellular signaling network, such as translocation of CD36 to sarcolemma, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, up-regulation of AGE/RAGE system, and disequilibrium of micro-RNA, mediate diabetic oxidative stress/inflammation related myocardial remodeling and ventricular dysfunction in the context of glucose and lipid metabolic disturbance. Here, we summarized the detailed oxidative stress/inflammation network by which the abnormality of glucose and lipid metabolism facilitates diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chi Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Wu PY, Lai SY, Su YT, Yang KC, Chau YP, Don MJ, Lu KH, Shy HT, Lai SM, Kung HN. β-Lapachone, an NQO1 activator, alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating antioxidant ability and mitochondrial function. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154255. [PMID: 35738116 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is one of the major lethal complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, no specific strategy for preventing or treating DC has been identified. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-lapachone (Lap), a natural compound that increases antioxidant activity in various tissues, on DC and explore the underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS As an in vivo model, C57BL/6 mice were fed with the high-fat diet (HF) for 10 weeks to induce type 2 DM. Mice were fed Lap with the HF or after 5 weeks of HF treatment to investigate the protective effects of Lap against DC. RESULTS In the two in vivo models, Lap decreased heart weight, increased heart function, reduced oxidative stress, and elevated mitochondrial content under the HF. In the in vitro model, palmitic acid (PA) was used to mimic the effects of an HF on the differentiated-cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2. The results demonstrated that Lap reduced PA-induced ROS production by increasing the expression of antioxidant regulators and enzymes, inhibiting inflammation, increasing mitochondrial activity, and thus reducing cell damage. Via the use of specific inhibitors and siRNA, the protective effects of Lap were determined to be mediated mainly by NQO1, Sirt1 and mitochondrial activity. CONCLUSION Heart damage in DM is usually caused by excessive oxidative stress. This study showed that Lap can protect the heart from DC by upregulating antioxidant ability and mitochondrial activity in cardiomyocytes. Lap has the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for both the prevention and treatment of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Shin-Yu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Yi-Ting Su
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | | | | | - Kai-Hsi Lu
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital
| | - Horng-Tzer Shy
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Shu-Mei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Hsiu-Ni Kung
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University.
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17
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Actis Dato V, Benitez-Amaro A, Garcia E, Claudi L, Lhoëst MTL, Iborra A, Escola-Gil JC, Guerra JM, Samouillan V, Enrich C, Chiabrando G, Llorente-Cortés V. Targeting cholesteryl ester accumulation in the heart improves cardiac insulin response. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113270. [PMID: 35709652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies against the P3 sequence (Gly1127-Cys1140) of LRP1 (anti-P3 Abs) specifically block cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in vascular cells. LRP1 is a key regulator of insulin receptor (InsR) trafficking in different cell types. The link between CE accumulation and the insulin response are largely unknown. Here, the effects of P3 peptide immunization on the alterations induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in cardiac insulin response were evaluated. METHODS Irrelevant (IrP)- or P3 peptide-immunized rabbits were randomized into groups fed either HFD or normal chow. Cardiac lipid content was characterized by thin-layer chromatography, confocal microscopy, and electron microscopy. LRP1, InsR and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) levels were determined in membranes and total lysates from rabbit heart. The interaction between InsR and LRP1 was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. Insulin signaling activity and glucose uptake were evaluated in HL-1 cells exposed to rabbit serum from the different groups. FINDINGS HFD reduces cardiac InsR and GLUT4 membrane levels and the interactions between LRP1/InsR. Targeting the P3 sequence on LRP1 through anti-P3 Abs specifically reduces CE accumulation in the heart independently of changes in the circulating lipid profile. This restores InsR and GLUT4 levels in cardiac membranes as well as the LRP1/InsR interactions of HFD-fed rabbits. In addition, anti-P3 Abs restores the insulin signaling cascade and glucose uptake in HL-1 cells exposed to hypercholesterolemic rabbit serum. INTERPRETATION LRP1-immunotargeting can block CE accumulation within the heart with specificity, selectivity, and efficacy, thereby improving the cardiac insulin response; this has important therapeutic implications for a wide range of cardiac diseases. FUNDING Fundació MARATÓ TV3: grant 101521-10, Instiuto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and ERDFPI18/01584, Fundación BBVA Ayudas a Equipos de Investigación 2019. SECyT-UNC grants PROYECTOS CONSOLIDAR 2018-2021; FONCyT, Préstamo BID PICT grant 2015-0807 and grant 2017-4497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lene Claudi
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa LaChica Lhoëst
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Iborra
- SCAC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escola-Gil
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona. Spain
| | - Jose Maria Guerra
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valerie Samouillan
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Equipe PHYPOL, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Chiabrando
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Zhou Y, Lu Q. Hydroxyurea protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113291. [PMID: 35717783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU), a small molecule with various biological properties, was used in myeloproliferative, tumorous, and non-hematological diseases. However, whether HU plays a role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigated whether HU could ameliorate DCM or not. Induction of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in C57BL/6 J mice was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Mice in control and diabetic groups were treated with HU (20 mg/kg) in drinking water for 16 weeks. Our data showed that diabetic mice had significantly increased FBG level and decreased body weight, along with abnormal diastolic function and myocardial fibrosis. Inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM, VCAM, and apoptosis-related proteins including caspase-3 and BAX were significantly up-regulated in heart tissues. HU treatment remarkably improved these changes. Similarly, application of HU (5 µM) significantly improves the survival rate of high glucose (HG)-treated H9C2 cells. Thus, HU rescued the cardiomyocytes via inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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19
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Wadie W, Ahmed GS, Shafik AN, El-Sayed M. Effects of insulin and sitagliptin on early cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. Life Sci 2022; 299:120542. [PMID: 35395243 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac affection is common in diabetic patients. Although insulin exerts a cardioprotective role, it may not be enough to totally prevent this affection. The current study aimed to compare the cardioprotective effect of insulin alone or combined with sitagliptin in a rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with insulin (3 IU), insulin (6 IU), or insulin (3 IU) + sitagliptin (10 mg/kg) for 42 days. KEY FINDINGS Diabetic rats exhibited significant systolic and diastolic cardiac affection with significant elevation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Treatment with insulin prevented the deterioration of diabetes-induced cardiac condition, an effect that was significantly potentiated by the combined use of sitagliptin. SIGNIFICANCE The combined use of sitagliptin and insulin significantly improved the cardioprotective effect of insulin and prevented the early cardiac dysfunction in STZ diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gehad S Ahmed
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani N Shafik
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sayed
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Weng L, Li L, Zhao K, Xu T, Mao Y, Shu H, Chen X, Chen J, Wu J, Guo X, Tu J, Zhang D, Sun W, Kong X. Non-Invasive Local Acoustic Therapy Ameliorates Diabetic Heart Fibrosis by Suppressing ACE-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 36:413-424. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Khokhlova A, Myachina T, Volzhaninov D, Butova X, Kochurova A, Berg V, Gette I, Moroz G, Klinova S, Minigalieva I, Solovyova O, Danilova I, Sokolova K, Kopylova G, Shchepkin D. Type 1 Diabetes Impairs Cardiomyocyte Contractility in the Left and Right Ventricular Free Walls but Preserves It in the Interventricular Septum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031719. [PMID: 35163643 PMCID: PMC8836009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) leads to ischemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy. We tested the hypothesis that T1D differently affects the contractile function of the left and right ventricular free walls (LV, RV) and the interventricular septum (IS) using a rat model of alloxan-induced T1D. Single-myocyte mechanics and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration transients were studied on cardiomyocytes (CM) from LV, RV, and IS in the absence and presence of mechanical load. In addition, we analyzed the phosphorylation level of sarcomeric proteins and the characteristics of the actin-myosin interaction. T1D similarly affected the characteristics of actin-myosin interaction in all studied regions, decreasing the sliding velocity of native thin filaments over myosin in an in vitro motility assay and its Ca2+ sensitivity. A decrease in the thin-filament velocity was associated with increased expression of β-myosin heavy-chain isoform. However, changes in the mechanical function of single ventricular CM induced by T1D were different. T1D depressed the contractility of CM from LV and RV; it decreased the auxotonic tension amplitude and the slope of the active tension–length relationship. Nevertheless, the contractile function of CM from IS was principally preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Khokhlova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatiana Myachina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Denis Volzhaninov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Xenia Butova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Anastasia Kochurova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Valentina Berg
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Irina Gette
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Gleb Moroz
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Klinova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Popova 30, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Ilzira Minigalieva
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Popova 30, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Olga Solovyova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Irina Danilova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Ksenia Sokolova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Galina Kopylova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniil Shchepkin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomajskaya 106, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (T.M.); (D.V.); (X.B.); (A.K.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (O.S.); (I.D.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (D.S.)
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22
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Sun X, Sun X, Meng H, Wu J, Guo X, Du L, Wu H. Krill Oil Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in the Prevention of the Pathological Injuries of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020368. [PMID: 35057549 PMCID: PMC8780413 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), resulting in high mortality. Myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration are hallmarks of DCM, leading to cardiac dysfunction. To date, few effective approaches have been developed for the intervention of DCM. In the present study, we investigate the effect of krill oil (KO) on the prevention of DCM using a mouse model of DM induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet. The diabetic mice developed pathological features, including cardiac fibrosis, apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, the effects of which were remarkably prevented by KO. Mechanistically, KO reversed the DM-induced cardiac expression of profibrotic and proinflammatory genes and attenuated DM-enhanced cardiac oxidative stress. Notably, KO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome that plays an important role in DCM. Further investigation showed that KO significantly upregulated the expression of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which are negative regulators of NLRP3. The present study reports for the first time the preventive effect of KO on the pathological injuries of DCM, providing SIRT3, PGC-1α and NLRP3 as molecular targets of KO. This work suggests that KO supplementation may be a viable approach in clinical prevention of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan 250012, China; (X.S.); (H.M.); (X.G.)
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan 250013, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Rd., Jinan 250033, China;
| | - Huali Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan 250012, China; (X.S.); (H.M.); (X.G.)
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan 250013, China
| | - Junduo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St., Changchun 130041, China;
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan 250012, China; (X.S.); (H.M.); (X.G.)
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan 250013, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan 250012, China; (X.S.); (H.M.); (X.G.)
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan 250013, China
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (H.W.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan 250012, China; (X.S.); (H.M.); (X.G.)
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan 250013, China
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (H.W.)
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23
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Gao Z, Ti Y, Lu B, Song FQ, Zhang L, Hu BA, Xie JY, Zhang W, Han L, Zhong M. STAMP2 Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via NMRAL1-Mediated NF-κB Inhibition in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3219-3229. [PMID: 36276296 PMCID: PMC9581721 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s374784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) attenuates metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus. However, the role of STAMP2 in the diabetic heart is still unclear. METHODS A diabetic rat cardiomyopathy model was established via intraperitoneal STZ injection. STAMP2 was overexpressed in the treatment group using adeno-associated virus. Rat heart diastolic function was measured using echocardiography and a left ventricular catheter, and cardiac interstitial fibrosis was detected by immunohistochemistry and histological staining. Insulin sensitivity and NF-κB expression were shown by Western blotting. NMRAL1 distribution was illustrated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS STAMP2 expression in the diabetic rat heart was reduced, and exogenous overexpression of STAMP2 improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and alleviated diastolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis. Furthermore, we found that NF-κB signaling is activated in the diabetic heart and that exogenous overexpression of STAMP2 promotes NMRAL1 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and inhibits p65 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION STAMP2 attenuates cardiac dysfunction and insulin resistance in diabetic cardiomyopathy, likely by promoting NMRAL1 retranslocation and NF-κB signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Ti
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang-qiang Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-ang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-ying Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lu Han; Ming Zhong, Email ;
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Micro-RNA 92a as a Therapeutic Target for Cardiac Microvascular Dysfunction in Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010058. [PMID: 35052738 PMCID: PMC8773250 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction is a pathological hallmark of diabetes, and is central to the ethology of diabetes-associated cardiac events. Herein, previous studies have highlighted the role of the vasoactive micro-RNA 92a (miR-92a) in small, as well as large, animal models. In this study, we explore the effects of miR-92a on mouse and human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (MCMEC, HCMEC), and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Diabetic HCMEC displayed impaired angiogenesis and a pronounced inflammatory phenotype. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed an upregulation of miR-92a in primary diabetic HCMEC. Downregulation of miR-92a by antagomir transfection in diabetic HCMEC rescued angiogenesis and ameliorated diabetic endothelial bed inflammation. Furthermore, additional analysis of potential in silico-identified miR-92a targets in diabetic HCMEC revealed the miR-92a dependent downregulation of an essential metalloprotease, ADAM10. Accordingly, downregulation of ADAM10 impaired angiogenesis and wound healing in MCMEC. In myocardial tissue slices from diabetic pigs, ADAM10 dysregulation in micro- and macro-vasculature could be shown. Altogether, our data demonstrate the role of miR-92a in cardiac microvascular dysfunction and inflammation in diabetes. Moreover, we describe for the first time the metalloprotease ADAM10 as a novel miR-92a target, mediating its anti-angiogenic effect.
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25
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Sharma A, De Blasio MJ, Tate M, Ritchie RH, Murray AJ. Editorial: Translational Approaches for Targeting Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:799020. [PMID: 34867431 PMCID: PMC8635766 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.799020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arpeeta Sharma
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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26
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Tate M, Perera N, Prakoso D, Willis AM, Deo M, Oseghale O, Qian H, Donner DG, Kiriazis H, De Blasio MJ, Gregorevic P, Ritchie RH. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Gene Delivery Improves Cardiac Structure and Function in a Murine Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719290. [PMID: 34690762 PMCID: PMC8532155 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major contributor to the increasing burden of heart failure prevalence globally, at least in part due to a disease process termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterised by cardiac structural changes that are caused by chronic exposure to the diabetic milieu. These structural changes are a major cause of left ventricular (LV) wall stiffness and the development of LV dysfunction. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a cardiac-targeted bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene therapy, administered once diastolic dysfunction was present, mimicking the timeframe in which clinical management of the cardiomyopathy would likely be desired. Following 18 weeks of untreated diabetes, mice were administered with a single tail-vein injection of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (AAV), containing the BMP7 gene, or null vector. Our data demonstrated, after 8 weeks of treatment, that rAAV6-BMP7 treatment exerted beneficial effects on LV functional and structural changes. Importantly, diabetes-induced LV dysfunction was significantly attenuated by a single administration of rAAV6-BMP7. This was associated with a reduction in cardiac fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, BMP7 gene therapy limited pathological remodelling in the diabetic heart, conferring an improvement in cardiac function. These findings provide insight for the potential development of treatment strategies urgently needed to delay or reverse LV pathological remodelling in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel Tate
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nimna Perera
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Willis
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Osezua Oseghale
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Preclinical Microsurgery and Imaging, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Preclinical Microsurgery and Imaging, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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27
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Sharma A, Mah M, Ritchie RH, De Blasio MJ. The adiponectin signalling pathway - A therapeutic target for the cardiac complications of type 2 diabetes? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108008. [PMID: 34610378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF). This is commonly termed diabetic cardiomyopathy and is often characterised by increased cardiac fibrosis, pathological hypertrophy, increased oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as diastolic dysfunction. Adiponectin is a cardioprotective adipokine that is downregulated in settings of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Furthermore, both adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and R2) are also downregulated in these settings which further results in impaired cardiac adiponectin signalling and reduced cardioprotection. In many cardiac pathologies, adiponectin signalling has been shown to protect against cardiac remodelling and lipotoxicity, however its cardioprotective actions in T2D-induced cardiomyopathy remain unresolved. Diabetic cardiomyopathy has historically lacked effective treatment options. In this review, we summarise the current evidence for links between the suppressed adiponectin signalling pathway and cardiac dysfunction, in diabetes. We describe adiponectin receptor-mediated signalling pathways that are normally associated with cardioprotection, as well as current and potential future therapeutic approaches that could target this pathway as possible interventions for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipree Sharma
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Mah
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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28
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Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Heart Failure: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115863. [PMID: 34070765 PMCID: PMC8199383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) affects up to over 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), even more in the elderly. Although, in T2DM, both hyperglycemia and the proinflammatory status induced by insulin resistance are crucial in cardiac function impairment, SGLT2i cardioprotective mechanisms against HF are several. In particular, these beneficial effects seem attributable to the significant reduction of intracellular sodium levels, well-known to exert a cardioprotective role in the prevention of oxidative stress and consequent cardiomyocyte death. From a molecular perspective, patients’ exposure to gliflozins’ treatment mimics nutrient and oxygen deprivation, with consequent autophagy stimulation. This allows to maintain the cellular homeostasis through different degradative pathways. Thus, since their introduction in the clinical practice, the hypotheses on SGLT2i mechanisms of action have changed: from simple glycosuric drugs, with consequent glucose lowering, erythropoiesis enhancing and ketogenesis stimulating, to intracellular sodium-lowering molecules. This provides their consequent cardioprotective effect, which justifies its significant reduction in CV events, especially in populations at higher risk. Finally, the updated clinical evidence of SGLT2i benefits on HF was summarized. Thus, this review aimed to analyze the cardioprotective mechanisms of sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with HF, as well as their clinical impact on cardiovascular events.
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29
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Chiang CJ, Chao YP, Ali A, Day CH, Ho TJ, Wang PN, Lin SC, Padma VV, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle inhibits IL-6 and MAPK-mediated cardiac hypertrophy during STZ-induced diabetes in rats. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:283-293. [PMID: 34030609 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN), a probiotic bacterium protects against several disorders. Multiple reports have studied the pathways involved in cardiac hypertrophy. However, the effects of probiotic EcN against diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy remain to be understood. We administered five weeks old Wistar male (271±19.4 g body weight) streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with 109 cfu of EcN via oral gavage every day for 24 days followed by subjecting the rats to echocardiography to analyse the cardiac parameters. Overexpressed interleukin (IL)-6 induced the MEK5/ERK5, JAK2/STAT3, and MAPK signalling cascades in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Further, the upregulation of calcineurin, NFATc3, and p-GATA4 led to the elevation of hypertrophy markers, such as atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides. In contrast, diabetic rats supplemented with probiotic EcN exhibited significant downregulated IL-6. Moreover, the MEK5/ERK5 and JAK2/STAT3 cascades involved during eccentric hypertrophy and MAPK signalling, including phosphorylated MEK, ERK, JNK, and p-38, were significantly attenuated in diabetic rats after supplementation of EcN. Western blotting and immunofluorescence revealed the significant downregulation of NFATc3 and downstream mediators, thereby resulting in the impairment of cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that supplementing probiotic EcN has the potential to show cardioprotective effects by inhibiting diabetes-induced cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Y P Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, No. 100 Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - A Ali
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - C H Day
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, 23, Pingguang Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - T J Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, 707 Section 3 Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.,Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701 Jhongyang Road Section 3, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - P N Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, No. 100 Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - S C Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - V V Padma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - W W Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - C Y Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, 500 Liufeng Rd., Wufeng, 41354 Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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30
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Sangweni NF, Mosa RA, Dludla PV, Kappo AP, Opoku AR, Muller CJF, Johnson R. The triterpene, methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oate (RA3), attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis by improving energy metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153546. [PMID: 33799221 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia-induced cardiovascular dysfunction has been linked to oxidative stress and accelerated apoptosis in the diabetic myocardium. While there is currently no treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), studies suggest that the combinational use of anti-hyperglycemic agents and triterpenes could be effective in alleviating DCM. HYPOTHESIS To investigate the therapeutic effect of methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oate (RA3), in the absence or presence of the anti-diabetic drug, metformin (MET), against hyperglycemia-induced cardiac injury using an in vitro H9c2 cell model. METHODS To mimic a hyperglycemic state, H9c2 cells were exposed to high glucose (HG, 33 mM) for 24 h. Thereafter, the cells were treated with RA3 (1 μM), MET (1 μM) and the combination of MET (1 μM) plus RA3 (1 μM) for 24 h, to assess the treatments therapeutic effect. RESULTS Biochemical analysis revealed that RA3, with or without MET, improves glucose uptake via insulin-dependent (IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling) and independent (AMPK) pathways whilst ameliorating the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the H9c2 cells. Mechanistically, RA3 was able to alleviate HG-stimulated oxidative stress through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation as well as the reduced expression of the PKC/NF-кB cascade through decreased intracellular lipid content. Subsequently, RA3 was able to mitigate HG-induced apoptosis by decreasing the activity of caspase 3/7 and DNA fragmentation in the cardiomyoblasts. CONCLUSION RA3, in the absence or presence of MET, demonstrated potent therapeutic properties against hyperglycemia-mediated cardiac damage and could be a suitable candidate in the prevention of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlakanipho F Sangweni
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Rebamang A Mosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Division of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Abidemi P Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Andy R Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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31
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Ahmed U, Ashfaq UA, Qasim M, Ahmad I, Ahmad HU, Tariq M, Masoud MS, Khaliq S. Dysregulation of circulating miRNAs promotes the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250773. [PMID: 33909697 PMCID: PMC8081166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by myocardial dysfunction caused by diabetes mellitus. After-effects of diabetic cardiomyopathy are far more lethal than non-diabetic cardiomyopathy. More than 300 million people suffer from diabetes and cardiovascular disorder which is expected to be elevated to an alarming figure of 450 million by 2030. Recent studies suggested that miRNA plays important role in the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study was designed to identify the miRNA that is responsible for the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy using in silico and in vitro approaches. In this study, to identify the miRNA responsible for the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy, in silico analysis was done to predict the role of these circulating miRNAs in type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy. Shared miRNAs that are present in both diseases were selected for further analysis. Total RNA and miRNA were extracted from blood samples taken from type 2 diabetic patients as well as healthy controls to analyze the expression of important genes like AKT, VEGF, IGF, FGF1, ANGPT2 using Real-time PCR. The expression of ANGPT2 was up-regulated and AKT, VEGF, IGF, FGF1 were down-regulated in DCM patients as compared to healthy controls. The miRNA expression of miR-17 was up-regulated and miR-24, miR-150, miR-199a, miR-214, and miR-320a were down-regulated in the DCM patients as compared to healthy controls. This shows that dysregulation of target genes and miRNA may contribute towards the pathogenesis of DCM and more studies should be conducted to elucidate the role of circulating miRNAs to use them as therapeutic and diagnostic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad
- Department of Cardiology, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Usman Ahmad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Sciences and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shareef Masoud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Khaliq
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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32
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Rajbhandari J, Fernandez CJ, Agarwal M, Yeap BXY, Pappachan JM. Diabetic heart disease: A clinical update. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:383-406. [PMID: 33889286 PMCID: PMC8040078 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases the risk of heart disease, and DM-related healthcare expenditure is predominantly for the management of cardiovascular complications. Diabetic heart disease is a conglomeration of coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The Framingham study clearly showed a 2 to 4-fold excess risk of CAD in patients with DM. Pathogenic mechanisms, clinical presentation, and management options for DM-associated CAD are somewhat different from CAD among nondiabetics. Higher prevalence at a lower age and more aggressive disease in DM-associated CAD make diabetic individuals more vulnerable to premature death. Although common among diabetic individuals, CAN and DCM are often under-recognised and undiagnosed cardiac complications. Structural and functional alterations in the myocardial innervation related to uncontrolled diabetes result in damage to cardiac autonomic nerves, causing CAN. Similarly, damage to the cardiomyocytes from complex pathophysiological processes of uncontrolled DM results in DCM, a form of cardiomyopathy diagnosed in the absence of other causes for structural heart disease. Though optimal management of DM from early stages of the disease can reduce the risk of diabetic heart disease, it is often impractical in the real world due to many reasons. Therefore, it is imperative for every clinician involved in diabetes care to have a good understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical picture, diagnostic methods, and management of diabetes-related cardiac illness, to reduce morbidity and mortality among patients. This clinical review is to empower the global scientific fraternity with up-to-date knowledge on diabetic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Rajbhandari
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mayuri Agarwal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, Boston PE21 9QS, United Kingdom
| | - Beverly Xin Yi Yeap
- Department of Medicine, The University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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33
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Oza MJ, Laddha AP, Gaikwad AB, Mulay SR, Kulkarni YA. Role of dietary modifications in the management of type 2 diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105602. [PMID: 33838293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Insufficient insulin secretion and insulin action are two major causes for the development of diabetes, which is characterized by a persistent increase in blood glucose level. Diet and sedentary life style play pivotal role in development of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Dietary modification is associated with a reprogramming of nutrient intake, which are proven to be effective for the management of diabetes and associated complications. Dietary modifications modulate various molecular key players linked with the functions of nutrient signalling, regulation of autophagy, and energy metabolism. It activates silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK mainly acts as an energy sensor and inhibits autophagy repressor Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) under nutritional deprivation. Under calorie restriction (CR), SIRT1 gets activated directly or indirectly and plays a central role in autophagy via the regulation of protein acetylation. Dietary modification is also effective in controlling inflammation and apoptosis by decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines like nuclear factor kappa- beta (NF-kβ), tissue growth factor-beta (TGF-β), tissue necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). It also improves glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion through beta cell regeneration. This indicates calorie intake plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes-associated complications. The present review, emphasizes the role of dietary modifications in diabetes and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ankit P Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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34
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Karwi QG, Ho KL, Pherwani S, Ketema EB, Sun QY, Lopaschuk GD. Concurrent diabetes and heart failure: interplay and novel therapeutic approaches. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:686-715. [PMID: 33783483 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing heart failure, and the co-existence of both diseases worsens cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalization and the progression of heart failure. Despite current advancements on therapeutic strategies to manage hyperglycemia, the likelihood of developing diabetes-induced heart failure is still significant, especially with the accelerating global prevalence of diabetes and an ageing population. This raises the likelihood of other contributing mechanisms beyond hyperglycemia in predisposing diabetic patients to cardiovascular disease risk. There has been considerable interest in understanding the alterations in cardiac structure and function in the diabetic patients, collectively termed as "diabetic cardiomyopathy". However, the factors that contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathies is not fully understood. This review summarizes the main characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathies, and the basic mechanisms that contribute to its occurrence. This includes perturbations in insulin resistance, fuel preference, reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, cell death pathways, neurohormonal mechanisms, advanced glycated end-products accumulation, lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, and posttranslational modifications in the heart of the diabetic. This review also discusses the impact of antihyperglycemic therapies on the development of heart failure, as well as how current heart failure therapies influence glycemic control in diabetic patients. We also highlight the current knowledge gaps in understanding how diabetes induces heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim L Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simran Pherwani
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ezra B Ketema
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qiu Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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35
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Abstract
Diabetic heart disease is a growing and important public health risk. Apart from the risk of coronary artery disease or hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for heart failure in the form of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DiaCM). Currently, DiaCM is defined as myocardial dysfunction in patients with DM in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. The underlying pathomechanism of DiaCM is partially understood, but accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic derangements, oxidative stress, increased myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, inflammation, enhanced apoptosis, impaired intracellular calcium handling, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulation of microRNAs, among other factors, are involved. Numerous animal models have been used to investigate the pathomechanisms of DiaCM. Despite some limitations, animal models for DiaCM have greatly advanced our understanding of pathomechanisms and have helped in the development of successful disease management strategies. In this review, we summarize the current pathomechanisms of DiaCM and provide animal models for DiaCM according to its pathomechanisms, which may contribute to broadening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and facilitating the identification of possible new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Wang-Soo Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8264-0866 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea E-mail:
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Wang-Soo Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8264-0866 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea E-mail:
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36
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Jakubik D, Fitas A, Eyileten C, Jarosz-Popek J, Nowak A, Czajka P, Wicik Z, Sourij H, Siller-Matula JM, De Rosa S, Postula M. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiological processes of diabetic cardiomyopathy: emerging biomarkers and potential therapeutics. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:55. [PMID: 33639953 PMCID: PMC7916283 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) necessitates the development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies to attenuate complications of this debilitating disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a frequent disorder affecting individuals diagnosed with DM characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic and systolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in the absence of other heart diseases. Progression of DCM is associated with impaired cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, increased oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte calcium metabolism, and inflammation. Various non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as well as their target genes are implicated in the complex pathophysiology of DCM. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs and lncRNAs play an important role in maintaining homeostasis through regulation of multiple genes, thus they attract substantial scientific interest as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and as a potential therapeutic strategy in DM complications. This article will review the different miRNAs and lncRNA studied in the context of DM, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the contribution of pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, hypertrophy and fibrosis to the development of DCM .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jakubik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alex Fitas
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz-Popek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pamela Czajka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal Do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Harald Sourij
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jolanta M Siller-Matula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Cardiovascular Research Center, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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37
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Prakoso D, Lim SY, Erickson JR, Wallace RS, Lees JG, Tate M, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, Henstridge DC, Davey JR, Qian H, Deo M, Parry LJ, Davidoff AJ, Gregorevic P, Chatham JC, De Blasio MJ, Ritchie RH. Fine-tuning the cardiac O-GlcNAcylation regulatory enzymes governs the functional and structural phenotype of the diabetic heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:212-225. [PMID: 33576380 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The glucose-driven enzymatic modification of myocardial proteins by the sugar moiety, β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), is increased in pre-clinical models of diabetes, implicating protein O-GlcNAc modification in diabetes-induced heart failure. Our aim was to specifically examine cardiac manipulation of the two regulatory enzymes of this process on the cardiac phenotype, in the presence and absence of diabetes, utilising cardiac-targeted recombinant-adeno-associated viral-vector-6 (rAAV6)-mediated gene delivery. METHODS AND RESULTS In human myocardium, total protein O-GlcNAc modification was elevated in diabetic relative to non-diabetic patients, and correlated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The impact of rAAV6-delivered O-GlcNAc transferase (rAAV6-OGT, facilitating protein O-GlcNAcylation), O-GlcNAcase (rAAV6-OGA, facilitating de-O-GlcNAcylation) and empty vector (null) were determined in non-diabetic and diabetic mice. In non-diabetic mice, rAAV6-OGT was sufficient to impair LV diastolic function and induce maladaptive cardiac remodelling, including cardiac fibrosis and increased Myh-7 and Nppa pro-hypertrophic gene expression, recapitulating characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In contrast, rAAV6-OGA (but not rAAV6-OGT) rescued LV diastolic function and adverse cardiac remodelling in diabetic mice. Molecular insights implicated impaired cardiac PI3K(p110α)-Akt signalling as a potential contributing mechanism to the detrimental consequences of rAAV6-OGT in vivo. In contrast, rAAV6-OGA preserved PI3K(p110α)-Akt signalling in diabetic mouse myocardium in vivo and prevented high glucose-induced impairments in mitochondrial respiration in human cardiomyocytes in vitro. CONCLUSION Maladaptive protein O-GlcNAc modification is evident in human diabetic myocardium, and is a critical regulator of the diabetic heart phenotype. Selective targeting of cardiac protein O-GlcNAcylation to restore physiological O-GlcNAc balance may represent a novel therapeutic approach for diabetes-induced heart failure. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE There remains a lack of effective clinical management of diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, even via conventional intensive glucose-lowering approaches. Here we reveal that the modification of myocardial proteins by O-GlcNAc, a glucose-driven process, is not only increased in human diabetic myocardium, but correlates with reduced cardiac function in affected patients. Moreover, manipulation of the two regulatory enzymes of this process exert opposing influences on the heart, whereby increasing O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is sufficient to replicate the cardiac phenotype of diabetes (in the absence of this disease), while increasing O-GlcNAc-ase (OGA) rescues diabetes-induced impairments in both cardiac dysfunction and remodelling. Cardiac O-GlcNAcylation thus represents a novel therapeutic target for diabetes-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darnel Prakoso
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Dept, St Vincent Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia, 3065
| | - Jeffrey R Erickson
- Dept of Physiology and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 9054
| | - Rachel S Wallace
- Dept of Physiology and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 9054
| | - Jarmon G Lees
- O'Brien Institute Dept, St Vincent Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia, 3065
| | - Mitchel Tate
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | | | - Darren C Henstridge
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia, 7250
| | - Jonathan R Davey
- Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Minh Deo
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
| | - Laura J Parry
- Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Amy J Davidoff
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, USA, 04005
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3004.,Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Depts of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800.,Dept of Neurology, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, 98195
| | - John C Chatham
- Dept of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA 35924
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052.,Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052.,Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
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Wang X, Jin S, Hu W. A Role of Glucose Overload in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Nonhuman Primates. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:9676754. [PMID: 33860059 PMCID: PMC8026299 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9676754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) plays a major role in the development of heart failure. Patients with T2D have an increased risk to develop HF than healthy subjects, and they always have very poor outcomes and survival rates. However, the underlying mechanisms for this are still unclear. To help develop new therapeutic interventions, well-characterized animal models for preclinical and translational investigations in T2D and HF are urgently needed. Although studies in rodents are more often used, the research findings in rodents have often failed to be translated into humans due to the significant metabolic differences between rodents and humans. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) serve as valuable translational models between basic studies in rodent models and clinical studies in humans. NHPs can recapitulate the natural progress of these diseases in humans and study the underlying mechanism due to their genetic similarity and comparable spontaneous T2D rates to humans. In this review, we discuss the importance of using NHPs models in understanding diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans with aspects of correlations between hyperglycemia and cardiac dysfunction progression, glucose overload, and altered glucose metabolism promoting cardiac oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction, glucose, and its effect on cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-d), the currently available diabetic NHPs models and the limitations involved in the use of NHP models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Weina Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110034, China
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39
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Zhang X, Hao Y. Beneficial Effects of Echinacoside on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Diabetic Db/Db Mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5575-5587. [PMID: 33376302 PMCID: PMC7755380 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s276972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we investigated the protective effects and mechanism of action of echinacoside (ECH) from cistanche tubulosa extract in cardiomyocytes of db/db diabetic mice. Methods Twenty healthy male db/db mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into db/db+ECH (n=10, ECH, 300 mg/(kg/d)), db/db (n=10, saline), and db/m control groups (n=9). Mice were monitored weekly for diet and activity. Mice were injected with 2% of pentobarbital sodium in week 10 and executed. Weight and free blood glucose (FBG) were measured weekly. Echocardiographs were used to detect cardiac function. HE staining, Sudan II staining, Masson’s trichrome staining and Tunel assays were used to evaluate myocardial tissue pathological changes, collagen fiber deposition, lipid accumulation and apoptosis rates in cardiomyocytes, respectively. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis were used to detect the expression of components of the PPAR-α/M-CPT-1 and p53/p38MAPK signaling axis. Results Compared to db/db mice, ECH groups showed lower blood glucose and lipid levels. Deterioration in cardiac function was also delayed following ECH treatment. Histopathological analysis showed that ECH significantly improved myocardial tissue in db/db mice, including reduced intercellular spaces, regular arrangements, improved extracellular matrix deposition, and reduced lipid accumulation. ECH also significantly reduced oxidative stress levels in myocardial tissue in db/db mice. Moreover, ECH inhibited PPAR-α/M-CPT-1 signaling, downregulated CD36, and upregulated glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) expression in db/db mouse models of DCM. ECH also inhibited p53/p38MAPK signaling, downregulated caspase-3 and caspase-8, and upregulated Bcl-2/Bax in db/db mouse models of DCM. Conclusion ECH displays protective effects in DCM, including the inhibition of cardiac apoptosis and oxidative stress, and improved lipid metabolism in cardiomyocytes. ECH also inhibits cardiac apoptosis through its regulation of p53/p38MAPK signaling, and prevents lipid accumulation through suppression of the PPAR-α/M-CPT-1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yarong Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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40
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus predisposes affected individuals to a significant spectrum of cardiovascular complications, one of the most debilitating in terms of prognosis is heart failure. Indeed, the increasing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and an aging population has given rise to an epidemic of diabetes mellitus-induced heart failure. Despite the significant research attention this phenomenon, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, has received over several decades, understanding of the full spectrum of potential contributing mechanisms, and their relative contribution to this heart failure phenotype in the specific context of diabetes mellitus, has not yet been fully resolved. Key recent preclinical discoveries that comprise the current state-of-the-art understanding of the basic mechanisms of the complex phenotype, that is, the diabetic heart, form the basis of this review. Abnormalities in each of cardiac metabolism, physiological and pathophysiological signaling, and the mitochondrial compartment, in addition to oxidative stress, inflammation, myocardial cell death pathways, and neurohumoral mechanisms, are addressed. Further, the interactions between each of these contributing mechanisms and how they align to the functional, morphological, and structural impairments that characterize the diabetic heart are considered in light of the clinical context: from the disease burden, its current management in the clinic, and where the knowledge gaps remain. The need for continued interrogation of these mechanisms (both known and those yet to be identified) is essential to not only decipher the how and why of diabetes mellitus-induced heart failure but also to facilitate improved inroads into the clinical management of this pervasive clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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41
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De Blasio MJ, Huynh N, Deo M, Dubrana LE, Walsh J, Willis A, Prakoso D, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, Chatham JC, Ritchie RH. Defining the Progression of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:124. [PMID: 32153425 PMCID: PMC7045054 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes and its association with increased cardiovascular disease risk represents a major health issue worldwide. Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia is implicated as a central driver of responses in the diabetic heart such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and oxidative stress, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. The onset of these responses in the setting of diabetes has not been studied to date. This study aimed to determine the time course of development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in a model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in vivo. Diabetes was induced in 6-week-old male FVB/N mice via streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days; controls received citrate vehicle). At 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of untreated diabetes, left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by echocardiography before post-mortem quantification of markers of LV cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, collagen deposition, DNA fragmentation, and changes in components of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) were assessed. Blood glucose and HbA1c levels were elevated by 2 weeks of diabetes. LV and muscle (gastrocnemius) weights were reduced from 8 weeks, whereas liver and kidney weights were increased from 2 and 4 weeks of diabetes, respectively. LV diastolic function declined with diabetes progression, demonstrated by a reduction in E/A ratio from 4 weeks of diabetes, and an increase in peak A-wave amplitude, deceleration time, and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) from 4–8 weeks of diabetes. Systemic and local inflammation (TNFα, IL-1β, CD68) were increased with diabetes. The cardiomyocyte hypertrophic marker Nppa was increased from 8 weeks of diabetes while β-myosin heavy chain was increased earlier, from 2 weeks of diabetes. LV fibrosis (picrosirius red; Ctgf and Tgf-β gene expression) and DNA fragmentation (a marker of cardiomyocyte apoptosis) increased with diabetes progression. LV Nox2 and Cd36 expression were elevated after 16 weeks of diabetes. Markers of the LV HBP (Ogt, Oga, Gfat1/2 gene expression), and protein abundance of OGT and total O-GlcNAcylation, were increased by 16 weeks of diabetes. This is the first study to define the progression of cardiac markers contributing to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model of T1D, confirming multiple pathways contribute to disease progression at various time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nguyen Huynh
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leslie E Dubrana
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse Walsh
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Willis
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John C Chatham
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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42
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Qin CX, Anthonisz J, Leo CH, Kahlberg N, Velagic A, Li M, Jap E, Woodman OL, Parry LJ, Horowitz JD, Kemp-Harper BK, Ritchie RH. Nitric Oxide Resistance, Induced in the Myocardium by Diabetes, Is Circumvented by the Nitric Oxide Redox Sibling, Nitroxyl. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:60-77. [PMID: 31680536 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Impairment of tissue responsiveness to exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide (NO•), known as NO• resistance, occurs in many cardiovascular disease states, prominently in diabetes and especially in the presence of marked hyperglycemia. In this study, we sought to determine in moderate and severe diabetes (i) whether NO• resistance also occurs in the myocardium, and (ii) whether the NO• redox sibling nitroxyl (HNO) circumvents this. Results: The spectrum of acute NO• effects (induced by diethylamine-NONOate), including vasodilation, and enhanced myocardial contraction and relaxation were impaired by moderately diabetic rats ([blood glucose] ∼20 mM). In contrast, acute HNO effects (induced by isopropylamine-NONOate) were preserved even in more severe diabetes ([blood glucose] >28 mM). Intriguingly, the positive inotropic effects of HNO were significantly enhanced in diabetic rat hearts. Further, progressive attenuation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) contribution to myocardial NO• responses occurred with increasing severity of diabetes. Nevertheless, activation of sGC by HNO remained intact in the myocardium. Innovation: Diabetes is associated with marked attenuation of vascular and myocardial effects of NO and NO donors, and this NO• resistance is circumvented by HNO, suggesting potential therapeutic utility for HNO donors in cardiovascular emergencies in diabetics. Conclusion: These results provide the first evidence that NO• resistance occurs in diabetic hearts, and that HNO largely circumvents this problem. Further, the positive inotropic and lusitropic effects of HNO are enhanced in a severely diabetic myocardium, a finding that warrants further mechanistic interrogation. The results support a potential role for therapeutic HNO administration in acute treatment of ischemia and/or heart failure in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine (Central Clinical School), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jarryd Anthonisz
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine (Central Clinical School), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chen Huei Leo
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Science and Maths Cluster, Singapore University of Technology & Design, Singapore Singapore
| | - Nicola Kahlberg
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anida Velagic
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine (Central Clinical School), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mandy Li
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edwina Jap
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura J Parry
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - John D Horowitz
- Cardiology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute, The University of Adelaide, Woodville SA, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine (Central Clinical School), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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43
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Tate M, Prakoso D, Willis AM, Peng C, Deo M, Qin CX, Walsh JL, Nash DM, Cohen CD, Rofe AK, Sharma A, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, De Haan JB, Watson AMD, De Blasio MJ, Ritchie RH. Characterising an Alternative Murine Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1395. [PMID: 31798462 PMCID: PMC6868003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of heart failure globally can be partly attributed to the increased prevalence of diabetes, and the subsequent development of a distinct form of heart failure known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Despite this, effective treatment options have remained elusive, due partly to the lack of an experimental model that adequately mimics human disease. In the current study, we combined three consecutive daily injections of low-dose streptozotocin with high-fat diet, in order to recapitulate the long-term complications of diabetes, with a specific focus on the diabetic heart. At 26 weeks of diabetes, several metabolic changes were observed including elevated blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, plasma insulin and plasma C-peptide. Further analysis of organs commonly affected by diabetes revealed diabetic nephropathy, underlined by renal functional and structural abnormalities, as well as progressive liver damage. In addition, this protocol led to robust left ventricular diastolic dysfunction at 26 weeks with preserved systolic function, a key characteristic of patients with type 2 diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. These observations corresponded with cardiac structural changes, namely an increase in myocardial fibrosis, as well as activation of several cardiac signalling pathways previously implicated in disease progression. It is hoped that development of an appropriate model will help to understand some the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the accelerated progression of diabetic complications, leading ultimately to more efficacious treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Willis
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Peng
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse L Walsh
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M Nash
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles D Cohen
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex K Rofe
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Preclinical Cardiology, Microsurgery and Imaging Platform, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Preclinical Cardiology, Microsurgery and Imaging Platform, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy B De Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna M D Watson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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44
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Wakisaka M, Kamouchi M, Kitazono T. Lessons from the Trials for the Desirable Effects of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors on Diabetic Cardiovascular Events and Renal Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5668. [PMID: 31726765 PMCID: PMC6888253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent large placebo-controlled trials of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors revealed desirable effects on heart failure (HF) and renal dysfunction; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. The characteristic changes in the early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) are myocardial and interstitial fibrosis, resulting in diastolic and subsequent systolic dysfunction, which leads to clinical HF. Pericytes are considered to play crucial roles in myocardial and interstitial fibrosis. In both DCM and diabetic retinopathy (DR), microaneurysm formation and a decrease in capillaries occur, triggered by pericyte loss. Furthermore, tubulointerstitial fibrosis develops in early diabetic nephropathy (DN), in which pericytes and mesangial cells are thought to play important roles. Previous reports indicate that pericytes and mesangial cells play key roles in the pathogenesis of DCM, DR and DN. SGLT2 is reported to be functionally expressed in pericytes and mesangial cells, and excessive glucose and Na+ entry through SGLT2 causes cellular dysfunction in a diabetic state. Since SGLT2 inhibitors can attenuate the high glucose-induced dysfunction of pericytes and mesangial cells, the desirable effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on HF and renal dysfunction might be explained by their direct actions on these cells in the heart and kidney microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Wakisaka
- Wakisaka Naika (Wakisaka Internal Medicine Clinic), Internal medicine, Fukuoka 814-0013, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kamouchi
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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45
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Pang B, Shi LW, Du LJ, Li YC, Zhang MZ, Ni Q. Sheng Mai San protects H9C2 cells against hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:309. [PMID: 31718632 PMCID: PMC6852741 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheng Mai San (SMS) has been proven to exhibit cardio-protective effects. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of SMS on hyperglycaemia (HG)-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells. METHODS HG-induced H9C2 cells were established as the experimental model, and then treated with SMS at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. H9C2 cell viability and apoptosis were quantified using MTT and Annexin V-FITC assays, respectively. Furthermore, Bcl-2/Bax signalling pathway protein expression and Fas and FasL gene expression levels were quantified using western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS SMS treatments at 25, 50, 100 μg/mL significantly improved H9C2 cell viability and inhibited H9C2 cell apoptosis (p < 0.05). Compared to the HG group, SMS treatment at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL significantly downregulated p53 and Bax expression and upregulated Bcl-2 expression (p < 0.05). Moreover, SMS treatment at 100 μg/mL significantly downregulated Fas and FasL expression level (p < 0.05) when compared to the HG group. CONCLUSION SMS protects H9C2 cells from HG-induced apoptosis probably by downregulating p53 expression and upregulating the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. It may also be associated with the inhibition of the Fas/FasL signalling pathway.
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46
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Perera N, Ritchie RH, Tate M. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Diabetic Complications. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 3:11-20. [PMID: 32259084 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes has reached epidemic proportions and is placing a significant burden on healthcare systems globally. Diabetes has a detrimental impact on many organs in the human body, including accelerating the development of micro- and macrovascular complications. Current therapeutic options to treat diabetic complications have their limitations. Importantly, many slow but fail to reverse the progression of diabetic complications. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a highly conserved subgroup of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, signaling via serine/threonine kinase receptors, that have recently been implicated in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the setting of diabetes. Downstream of the receptors, the signal can be transduced via the canonical Smad-dependent pathway or the noncanonical Smad-independent pathways. BMPs are essential in organ development, tissue homeostasis, and, as expected, disease pathogenesis. In fact, deletion of BMPs can be embryonically lethal or result in severe organ abnormalities. This review outlines the BMP signaling pathway and its relevance to diabetic complications, namely, diabetic nephropathy, diabetes-associated cardiovascular diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. Understanding the complexities of BMP signaling and particularly its tissue-, cellular-, and time-dependent actions will help delineate the underlying pathogenesis of the disease and may ultimately be harnessed in the treatment of diabetes-induced complications. This would replicate progress made in numerous other diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimna Perera
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Gorbenko NI, Borikov OY, Ivanova OV. The effect of quercetin on oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial permeability transition in the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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48
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Lu CH, Shen CY, Hsieh DJY, Lee CY, Chang RL, Ju DT, Pai PY, Viswanadha VP, Ou HC, Huang CY. Deep ocean minerals inhibit IL-6 and IGFIIR hypertrophic signaling pathways to attenuate diabetes-induced hypertrophy in rat hearts. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:356-364. [PMID: 31095463 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00184.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that deep sea water (DSW) prolongs the life span of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by the compensatory augmentation of the insulin like growth factor (IGF)-I survival signaling and inhibition of apoptosis. Here, we investigated the effects of DSW on cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in rats by using STZ (65 mg/kg) administered via IP injection. DSW was prepared by mixing DSW mineral extracts and desalinated water. Different dosages of DSW-1X (equivalent to 37 mg Mg2+·kg-1·day-1), 2X (equivalent to 74 mg Mg2+·kg-1·day-1) and 3X (equivalent to 111 mg Mg2+·kg-1·day-1) were administered to the rats through gavage for 4 wk. Cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by the heart weight-to-body weight ratio and the cardiac tissue cross-sectional area after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The protein levels of the cardiac hypertrophy signaling molecules were determined by Western blot. Our results showed that the suppressive effects of the DSW treatment on STZ-induced cardiac hypertrophy were comparable to those of MgSO4 administration and that the hypertrophic marker brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was decreased by DSW. In addition, DSW attenuated both the eccentric hypertrophy signaling pathway, IL-6-MEK-STAT3, and the concentric signaling pathway, IGF-II-PKCα-CaMKII, in DM rat hearts. The cardiac hypertrophy-associated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the upregulation of the transcription factor GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) were also negated by treatment with DSW. The results from this study suggest that DSW could be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiac hypertrophy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Deep sea water, containing high levels of minerals, improve cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats through attenuating the eccentric signaling pathway, IL-6-MEK5-STAT3, and concentric signaling pathway, IGF2-PKCα-CaMKII. The results from this study suggest that deep sea water could be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Lin Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tong Ju
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Pai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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49
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Paolillo S, Marsico F, Prastaro M, Renga F, Esposito L, De Martino F, Di Napoli P, Esposito I, Ambrosio A, Ianniruberto M, Mennella R, Paolillo R, Gargiulo P. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Definition, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Implications. Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:341-347. [PMID: 31079692 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A strict bidirectional relationship exists between diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a specific cardiac manifestation of patients with diabetes characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in the early phase up to overt heart failure with reduced systolic function in the advanced stages. The pathogenesis of this condition is multifactorial and recognizes as main promoting factors the presence of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Diabetic cardiomyopathy exerts a negative prognostic impact in affected patients and no target treatments are currently available. More efforts are needed to better define the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in this specific setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Marsico
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy; Center for Congenital Heart Disease, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburrgstrasse 18, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Maria Prastaro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesco Renga
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luca Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Fabiana De Martino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Di Napoli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Immacolata Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonio Ambrosio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Monica Ianniruberto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Rosa Mennella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Roberta Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
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50
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Zech ATL, Singh SR, Schlossarek S, Carrier L. Autophagy in cardiomyopathies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118432. [PMID: 30831130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy (greek auto: self; phagein: eating) is a highly conserved process within eukaryotes that degrades long-lived proteins and organelles within lysosomes. Its accurate and constant operation in basal conditions ensures cellular homeostasis by degrading damaged cellular components and thereby acting not only as a quality control but as well as an energy supplier. An increasing body of evidence indicates a major role of autophagy in the regulation of cardiac homeostasis and function. In this review, we describe the different forms of mammalian autophagy, their regulations and monitoring with a specific emphasis on the heart. Furthermore, we address the role of autophagy in several forms of cardiomyopathy and the options for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia T L Zech
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonia R Singh
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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