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Değerliyurt A, Gülleroğlu NB, Kibar Gül AE. Primary CoQ 10 deficiency with a severe phenotype due to the c.901 C > T (p.R301W) mutation in the COQ8A gene. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:148-152. [PMID: 35757998 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2095269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A patient with primary CoQ10 deficiency associated with the c.901 C > T (p.R301W) (rs140246430) homozygous missense pathogenic variant in the COQ8A gene, who presented with recurrent status epilepticus, stroke-like lesions, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy while being followed-up with early-onset autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia will be reported in this article. CASE REPORT A 16-year-old patient who was being followed up at an external center with a diagnosis of ataxia with cerebellar atrophy had been seen 3 different times within a year for status epilepticus. The cerebral MRI showed severe cerebellar atrophy, stroke like lesions, and an inverted double- lactate peak on spectroscopy. Her echocardiography revealed marked left ventricular hypertrophy. Mitochondrial cocktail therapy containing a standard dose of CoQ10 was started, considering mitochondrial disease. The patient died due to cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial panel analysis revealed the presence of the c.901 C > T (p.R301W) homozygous missense mutation in the COQ8A gene. CONCLUSIONS Primary Coenzyme Q10 deficiency should be considered in patients presenting with autosomal recessive stable-appearing progressive ataxia, emerging attacks of status epilepticus, stroke-like lesions on neuroimaging, and cardiomyopathy. Since there is a case with the same mutation with a similar fatal course in the literature, detection of c.901 C > T (p.R301W) mutation homozygously should be a warning for a severe prognosis and more aggressive treatment should be started without delay with a high dose of CoQ10 instead of the lower doses used in the treatment of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Değerliyurt
- Deparment of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Radhakrishnan DM, Saini A, Fatima S, Gupta A, Vishnu VY, Singh MB, Bhatia R, Srivastva MP, Srivastava AK, Rajan R. Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-4 Causing Young Onset Ataxia-Dystonia. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:438-440. [PMID: 38556906 PMCID: PMC10982600 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arti Saini
- Department of NeurologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Saman Fatima
- Department of NeurologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Anu Gupta
- Department of NeurologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Mamta Bhushan Singh
- Department of NeurologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of NeurologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Achal K. Srivastava
- Department of NeurologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Roopa Rajan
- Department of NeurologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
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3
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Nicoll CR, Alvigini L, Gottinger A, Cecchini D, Mannucci B, Corana F, Mascotti ML, Mattevi A. In vitro construction of the COQ metabolon unveils the molecular determinants of coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Nat Catal 2024; 7:148-160. [PMID: 38425362 PMCID: PMC7615680 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-023-01087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Metabolons are protein assemblies that perform a series of reactions in a metabolic pathway. However, the general importance and aptitude of metabolons for enzyme catalysis remain poorly understood. In animals, biosynthesis of coenzyme Q is currently attributed to ten different proteins, with COQ3, COQ4, COQ5, COQ6, COQ7 and COQ9 forming the iconic COQ metabolon. Yet several reaction steps conducted by the metabolon remain enigmatic. To elucidate the prerequisites for animal coenzyme Q biosynthesis, we sought to construct the entire metabolon in vitro. Here we show that this approach, rooted in ancestral sequence reconstruction, reveals the enzymes responsible for the uncharacterized steps and captures the biosynthetic pathway in vitro. We demonstrate that COQ8, a kinase, increases and streamlines coenzyme Q production. Our findings provide crucial insight into how biocatalytic efficiency is regulated and enhanced by these biosynthetic engines in the context of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum R. Nicoll
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Alvigini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gottinger
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Domiziana Cecchini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Federica Corana
- ’Centro Grandi Strumenti’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - María Laura Mascotti
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Staiano C, García-Corzo L, Mantle D, Turton N, Millichap LE, Brea-Calvo G, Hargreaves I. Biosynthesis, Deficiency, and Supplementation of Coenzyme Q. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1469. [PMID: 37508007 PMCID: PMC10375973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally identified as a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, Coenzyme Q (CoQ or CoQ10 for human tissues) has recently been revealed to be essential for many different redox processes, not only in the mitochondria, but elsewhere within other cellular membrane types. Cells rely on endogenous CoQ biosynthesis, and defects in this still-not-completely understood pathway result in primary CoQ deficiencies, a group of conditions biochemically characterised by decreased tissue CoQ levels, which in turn are linked to functional defects. Secondary CoQ deficiencies may result from a wide variety of cellular dysfunctions not directly linked to primary synthesis. In this article, we review the current knowledge on CoQ biosynthesis, the defects leading to diminished CoQ10 levels in human tissues and their associated clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Staiano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Lauren E Millichap
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
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Golomb BA, Han JH, Langsjoen PH, Dinkeloo E, Zemljic-Harpf AE. Statin Use in Relation to COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Infections: Muscle and Other Considerations. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4659. [PMID: 37510774 PMCID: PMC10380486 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins have been widely advocated for use in COVID-19 based on large favorable observational associations buttressed by theoretical expected benefits. However, past favorable associations of statins to pre-COVID-19 infection outcomes (also buttressed by theoretical benefits) were unsupported in meta-analysis of RCTs, RR = 1.00. Initial RCTs in COVID-19 appear to follow this trajectory. Healthy-user/tolerator effects and indication bias may explain these disparities. Moreover, cholesterol drops in proportion to infection severity, so less severely affected individuals may be selected for statin use, contributing to apparent favorable statin associations to outcomes. Cholesterol transports fat-soluble antioxidants and immune-protective vitamins. Statins impair mitochondrial function in those most reliant on coenzyme Q10 (a mevalonate pathway product also transported on cholesterol)-i.e., those with existing mitochondrial compromise, whom data suggest bear increased risks from both COVID-19 and from statins. Thus, statin risks of adverse outcomes are amplified in those patients at risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes-i.e., those in whom adjunctive statin therapy may most likely be given. High reported rates of rhabdomyolysis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients underscore the notion that statin-related risks as well as benefits must be considered. Advocacy for statins in COVID-19 should be suspended pending clear evidence of RCT benefits, with careful attention to risk modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice A. Golomb
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Jun Hee Han
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | | | - Eero Dinkeloo
- Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center, Portsmouth, VA 23704, USA;
| | - Alice E. Zemljic-Harpf
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Guerra RM, Pagliarini DJ. Coenzyme Q biochemistry and biosynthesis. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:463-476. [PMID: 36702698 PMCID: PMC10106368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a remarkably hydrophobic, redox-active lipid that empowers diverse cellular processes. Although most known for shuttling electrons between mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, the roles for CoQ are far more wide-reaching and ever-expanding. CoQ serves as a conduit for electrons from myriad pathways to enter the ETC, acts as a cofactor for biosynthetic and catabolic reactions, detoxifies damaging lipid species, and engages in cellular signaling and oxygen sensing. Many open questions remain regarding the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of CoQ, which hinders our ability to treat human CoQ deficiency. Here, we recount progress in filling these knowledge gaps, highlight unanswered questions, and underscore the need for novel tools to enable discoveries and improve the treatment of CoQ-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Guerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Departament of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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7
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Monfrini E, Pesini A, Biella F, Sobreira CFR, Emmanuele V, Brescia G, Lopez LC, Tadesse S, Hirano M, Comi GP, Quinzii CM, Di Fonzo A. Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of Fibroblasts Derived From Patients With Cerebellar Ataxia Referred to Investigate CoQ10 Deficiency. NEUROLOGY GENETICS 2023; 9:e200058. [PMID: 37090936 PMCID: PMC10117701 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesCoenzyme Q10(CoQ10)–deficient cerebellar ataxia can be due to pathogenic variants in genes encoding for CoQ10biosynthetic proteins or associated with defects in protein unrelated to its biosynthesis. Diagnosis is crucial because patients may respond favorably to CoQ10supplementation. The aim of this study was to identify through whole-exome sequencing (WES) the pathogenic variants, and assess CoQ10levels, in fibroblasts from patients with undiagnosed cerebellar ataxia referred to investigate CoQ10deficiency.MethodsWES was performed on genomic DNA extracted from 16 patients. Sequencing data were filtered using a virtual panel of genes associated with CoQ10deficiency and/or cerebellar ataxia. CoQ10levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 14 patient-derived fibroblasts.ResultsA definite genetic etiology was identified in 8 samples of 16 (diagnostic yield = 50%). The identified genetic causes were pathogenic variants of the genesCOQ8A(ADCK3) (n = 3 samples),ATP1A3(n = 2),PLA2G6(n = 1),SPG7(n = 1), andMFSD8(n = 1). Five novel mutations were found (COQ8An = 3,PLA2G6n = 1, andMFSD8n = 1). CoQ10levels were significantly decreased in 3/14 fibroblast samples (21.4%), 1 carrying compound heterozygousCOQ8Apathogenic variants, 1 harboring a homozygous pathogenicSPG7variant, and 1 with an unknown molecular defect.DiscussionThis work confirms the importance ofCOQ8Agene mutations as a frequent genetic cause of cerebellar ataxia and CoQ10deficiency and suggestsSPG7mutations as a novel cause of secondary CoQ10deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Monfrini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Pesini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Fabio Biella
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia F R Sobreira
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Brescia
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos Lopez
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Michio Hirano
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina Maria Quinzii
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Viscomi C, Zeviani M. Experimental therapy for mitochondrial diseases. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:259-277. [PMID: 36813318 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are extremely heterogeneous genetic disorders due to faulty oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). No cure is currently available for these conditions, beside supportive interventions aimed at relieving complications. Mitochondria are under a double genetic control carried out by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and by nuclear DNA. Thus, not surprisingly, mutations in either genome can cause mitochondrial disease. Although mitochondria are usually associated with respiration and ATP synthesis, they play fundamental roles in a large number of other biochemical, signaling, and execution pathways, each being a potential target for therapeutic interventions. These can be classified as general therapies, i.e., potentially applicable to a number of different mitochondrial conditions, or therapies tailored to a single disease, i.e., personalized approaches, such as gene therapy, cell therapy, and organ replacement. Mitochondrial medicine is a particularly lively research field, and the last few years witnessed a steady increase in the number of clinical applications. This chapter will present the most recent therapeutic attempts emerged from preclinical work and an update of the currently ongoing clinical applications. We think that we are starting a new era in which the etiologic treatment of these conditions is becoming a realistic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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9
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Smith IC, Pileggi CA, Wang Y, Kernohan K, Hartley T, McMillan HJ, Sampaio ML, Melkus G, Woulfe J, Parmar G, Bourque PR, Breiner A, Zwicker J, Pringle CE, Jarinova O, Lochmüller H, Dyment DA, Brais B, Boycott KM, Hekimi S, Harper ME, Warman-Chardon J. Novel Homozygous Variant in COQ7in Siblings With Hereditary Motor Neuropathy. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200048. [PMID: 37077559 PMCID: PMC10108386 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesCoenzyme Q10(CoQ10) is an important electron carrier and antioxidant. The COQ7 enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of 5-demethoxyubiquinone-10 (DMQ10), the second-to-last step in the CoQ10biosynthesis pathway. We report a consanguineous family presenting with a hereditary motor neuropathy associated with a homozygous c.1A > G p.? variant ofCOQ7with abnormal CoQ10biosynthesis.MethodsAffected family members underwent clinical assessments that included nerve conduction testing, histologic analysis, and MRI. Pathogenicity of theCOQ7variant was assessed in cultured fibroblasts and skeletal muscle using a combination of immunoblots, respirometry, and quinone analysis.ResultsThree affected siblings, ranging from 12 to 24 years of age, presented with a severe length-dependent motor neuropathy with marked symmetric distal weakness and atrophy with normal sensation. Muscle biopsy of the quadriceps revealed chronic denervation pattern. An MRI examination identified moderate to severe fat infiltration in distal muscles. Exome sequencing demonstrated the homozygousCOQ7c.1A > G p.? variant that is expected to bypass the first 38 amino acid residues at the n-terminus, initiating instead with methionine at position 39. This is predicted to cause the loss of the cleavable mitochondrial targeting sequence and 2 additional amino acids, thereby preventing the incorporation and subsequent folding of COQ7 into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Pathogenicity of theCOQ7variant was demonstrated by diminished COQ7 and CoQ10levels in muscle and fibroblast samples of affected siblings but not in the father, unaffected sibling, or unrelated controls. In addition, fibroblasts from affected siblings had substantial accumulation of DMQ10, and maximal mitochondrial respiration was impaired in both fibroblasts and muscle.DiscussionThis report describes a new neurologic phenotype ofCOQ7-related primary CoQ10deficiency. Novel aspects of the phenotype presented by this family include pure distal motor neuropathy involvement, as well as the lack of upper motor neuron features, cognitive delay, or sensory involvement in comparison with cases ofCOQ7-related CoQ10deficiency previously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Smith
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal A Pileggi
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristin Kernohan
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Taila Hartley
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugh J McMillan
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcos Loreto Sampaio
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Woulfe
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaganvir Parmar
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre R Bourque
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ari Breiner
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Zwicker
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - C Elizabeth Pringle
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olga Jarinova
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - David A Dyment
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Brais
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jodi Warman-Chardon
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Mitochondrial Genetic Background May Impact Statins Side Effects and Atherosclerosis Development in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010471. [PMID: 36613915 PMCID: PMC9820128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heredity of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) can present as a dominant monogenic disorder of polygenic origin or with no known genetic cause. In addition, the variability of the symptoms among individuals or within the same families evidence the potential contribution of additional factors than monogenic mutations that could modulate the development and severity of the disease. In addition, statins, the lipid-lowering drugs which constitute the first-line therapy for the disease, cause associated muscular symptoms in a certain number of individuals. Here, we analyze the evidence of the mitochondrial genetic variation with a special emphasis on the role of CoQ10 to explain this variability found in both disease symptoms and statins side effects. We propose to use mtDNA variants and copy numbers as markers for the cardiovascular disease development of FH patients and to predict potential statin secondary effects and explore new mechanisms to identify new markers of disease or implement personalized medicine strategies for FH therapy.
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11
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Starosta RT, Shinawi M. Primary Mitochondrial Disorders in the Neonate. Neoreviews 2022; 23:e796-e812. [PMID: 36450643 DOI: 10.1542/neo.23-12-e796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by functional or structural abnormalities in the mitochondria that lead to a disturbance of cellular energy, reactive oxygen species, and free radical production, as well as impairment of other intracellular metabolic functions, causing single- or multiorgan dysfunction. PMDs are caused by pathogenic variants in nuclear and mitochondrial genes, resulting in distinct modes of inheritance. Onset of disease is variable and can occur in the neonatal period, with a high morbidity and mortality. In this article, we review the most common methods used for the diagnosis of PMDs, as well as their prenatal and neonatal presentations. We highlight the shift in the diagnostic approach for PMDs since the introduction of nontargeted molecular tests into clinical practice, which has significantly reduced the use of invasive studies. We discuss common PMDs that can present in the neonate, including general, nonsyndromic presentations as well as specific syndromic disorders. We also review current treatment advances, including the use of mitochondrial "cocktails" based on limited scientific evidence and theoretical reasoning, as well as the impending arrival of personalized mitochondrial-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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12
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Pedroso JL, Vale TC, França Junior MC, Kauffman MA, Teive H, Barsottini OGP, Munhoz RP. A Diagnostic Approach to Spastic ataxia Syndromes. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:1073-1084. [PMID: 34782953 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spastic ataxia is characterized by the combination of cerebellar ataxia with spasticity and other pyramidal features. It is the hallmark of some hereditary ataxias, but it can also occur in some spastic paraplegias and acquired conditions. It often presents with heterogenous clinical features with other neurologic and non-neurological symptoms, resulting in complex phenotypes. In this review, the differential diagnosis of spastic ataxias are discussed and classified in accordance with inheritance. Establishing an organized classification method based on mode inheritance is fundamental for the approach to patients with these syndromes. For each differential, the clinical features, neuroimaging and genetic aspects are reviewed. A diagnostic approach for spastic ataxias is then proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Pedroso
- Department of Neurology, Ataxia Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cardoso Vale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo A Kauffman
- Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Centro Universitario de Neurología "José María Ramos Mejía" y División Neurología, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helio Teive
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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13
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George DM, Ramadoss R, Mackey HR, Vincent AS. Comparative computational study to augment UbiA prenyltransferases inherent in purple photosynthetic bacteria cultured from mangrove microbial mats in Qatar for coenzyme Q 10 biosynthesis. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 36:e00775. [PMID: 36404947 PMCID: PMC9672418 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a powerful antioxidant with a myriad of applications in healthcare and cosmetic industries. The most effective route of CoQ10 production is microbial biosynthesis. In this study, four CoQ10 biosynthesizing purple photosynthetic bacteria: Rhodobacter blasticus, Rhodovulum adriaticum, Afifella pfennigii and Rhodovulum marinum, were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing of enriched microbial mat samples obtained from Purple Island mangroves (Qatar). The membrane bound enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate octaprenyltransferase (UbiA) is pivotal for bacterial biosynthesis of CoQ10. The identified bacteria could be inducted as efficient industrial bio-synthesizers of CoQ10 by engineering their UbiA enzymes. Therefore, the mutation sites and substitution residues for potential functional enhancement were determined by comparative computational study. Two mutation sites were identified within the two conserved Asp-rich motifs, and the effect of proposed mutations in substrate binding affinity of the UbiA enzymes was assessed using multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) studies, as a groundwork for experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishya M. George
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramya Ramadoss
- Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamish R. Mackey
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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14
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Wang S, Jain A, Novales NA, Nashner AN, Tran F, Clarke CF. Predicting and Understanding the Pathology of Single Nucleotide Variants in Human COQ Genes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122308. [PMID: 36552517 PMCID: PMC9774615 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipid that functions as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and as a membrane-soluble antioxidant. Deficiencies in CoQ lead to metabolic diseases with a wide range of clinical manifestations. There are currently few treatments that can slow or stop disease progression. Primary CoQ10 deficiency can arise from mutations in any of the COQ genes responsible for CoQ biosynthesis. While many mutations in these genes have been identified, the clinical significance of most of them remains unclear. Here we analyzed the structural and functional impact of 429 human missense single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that give rise to amino acid substitutions in the conserved and functional regions of human genes encoding a high molecular weight complex known as the CoQ synthome (or Complex Q), consisting of the COQ3-COQ7 and COQ9 gene products. Using structures of COQ polypeptides, close homologs, and AlphaFold models, we identified 115 SNVs that are potentially pathogenic. Further biochemical characterizations in model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are required to validate the pathogenicity of the identified SNVs. Collectively, our results will provide a resource for clinicians during patient diagnosis and guide therapeutic efforts toward combating primary CoQ10 deficiency.
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15
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Gasmi A, Bjørklund G, Mujawdiya PK, Semenova Y, Piscopo S, Peana M. Coenzyme Q 10 in aging and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3907-3919. [PMID: 36300654 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2137724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the electron transport chain. It also acts as an antioxidant in cellular membranes. It can be endogenously produced in all cells by a specialized mitochondrial pathway. CoQ10 deficiency, which can result from aging or insufficient enzyme function, has been considered to increase oxidative stress. Some drugs, including statins and bisphosphonates, often used by older individuals, can interfere with enzymes responsible for endogenous CoQ10 synthesis. Oral supplementation with high doses of CoQ10 can increase both its circulating and intracellular levels and several clinical trials observed that its administration provided beneficial effects on different disorders such as cardiovascular disease and inflammation which have been associated with low CoQ10 levels and high oxidative stress. Moreover, CoQ10 has been suggested as a promising therapeutic agent to prevent and slow the progression of other diseases including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative and male infertility. However, there is still a need for further studies and well-designed clinical trials involving a large number of participants undergoing longer treatments to assess the benefits of CoQ10 for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | | | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Salva Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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16
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Cordts I, Semmler L, Prasuhn J, Seibt A, Herebian D, Navaratnarajah T, Park J, Deininger N, Laugwitz L, Göricke SL, Lingor P, Brüggemann N, Münchau A, Synofzik M, Timmann D, Mayr JA, Haack TB, Distelmaier F, Deschauer M. Bi-Allelic COQ4 Variants Cause Adult-Onset Ataxia-Spasticity Spectrum Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:2147-2153. [PMID: 36047608 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COQ4 codes for a mitochondrial protein required for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) biosynthesis. Autosomal recessive COQ4-associated CoQ10 deficiency leads to an early-onset mitochondrial multi-organ disorder. METHODS In-house exome and genome datasets (n = 14,303) were screened for patients with bi-allelic variants in COQ4. Work-up included clinical characterization and functional studies in patient-derived cell lines. RESULTS Six different COQ4 variants, three of them novel, were identified in six adult patients from four different families. Three patients had a phenotype of hereditary spastic paraparesis, two sisters showed a predominant cerebellar ataxia, and one patient had mild signs of both. Studies in patient-derived fibroblast lines revealed significantly reduced amounts of COQ4 protein, decreased CoQ10 concentrations, and elevated levels of the metabolic intermediate 6-demethoxyubiquinone. CONCLUSION We report bi-allelic variants in COQ4 causing an adult-onset ataxia-spasticity spectrum phenotype and a disease course much milder than previously reported. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Cordts
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Semmler
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jannik Prasuhn
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tharsini Navaratnarajah
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joohyun Park
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Deininger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lucia Laugwitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology, and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sophia L Göricke
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcus Deschauer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Laugwitz L, Seibt A, Herebian D, Peralta S, Kienzle I, Buchert R, Falb R, Gauck D, Müller A, Grimmel M, Beck-Woedel S, Kern J, Daliri K, Katibeh P, Danhauser K, Leiz S, Alesi V, Baertling F, Vasco G, Steinfeld R, Wagner M, Caglayan AO, Gumus H, Burmeister M, Mayatepek E, Martinelli D, Tamhankar PM, Tamhankar V, Joset P, Steindl K, Rauch A, Bonnen PE, Froukh T, Groeschel S, Krägeloh-Mann I, Haack TB, Distelmaier F. Human COQ4 deficiency: delineating the clinical, metabolic and neuroimaging phenotypes. J Med Genet 2022; 59:878-887. [PMID: 34656997 PMCID: PMC9807242 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human coenzyme Q4 (COQ4) is essential for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis. Pathogenic variants in COQ4 cause childhood-onset neurodegeneration. We aimed to delineate the clinical spectrum and the cellular consequences of COQ4 deficiency. METHODS Clinical course and neuroradiological findings in a large cohort of paediatric patients with COQ4 deficiency were analysed. Functional studies in patient-derived cell lines were performed. RESULTS We characterised 44 individuals from 36 families with COQ4 deficiency (16 newly described). A total of 23 different variants were identified, including four novel variants in COQ4. Correlation analyses of clinical and neuroimaging findings revealed three disease patterns: type 1: early-onset phenotype with neonatal brain anomalies and epileptic encephalopathy; type 2: intermediate phenotype with distinct stroke-like lesions; and type 3: moderate phenotype with non-specific brain pathology and a stable disease course. The functional relevance of COQ4 variants was supported by in vitro studies using patient-derived fibroblast lines. Experiments revealed significantly decreased COQ4 protein levels, reduced levels of cellular CoQ10 and elevated levels of the metabolic intermediate 6-demethoxyubiquinone. CONCLUSION Our study describes the heterogeneous clinical presentation of COQ4 deficiency and identifies phenotypic subtypes. Cell-based studies support the pathogenic characteristics of COQ4 variants. Due to the insufficient clinical response to oral CoQ10 supplementation, alternative treatment strategies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Laugwitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susana Peralta
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Imke Kienzle
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruth Falb
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Darja Gauck
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amelie Müller
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mona Grimmel
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Beck-Woedel
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Kern
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karim Daliri
- Child Developmental Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pegah Katibeh
- Child Developmental Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katharina Danhauser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Deutsches Forschungszentrum fuer Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Leiz
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Dritter Orden, Munich, Germany
| | - Viola Alesi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabian Baertling
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gessica Vasco
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Deutsches Forschungszentrum fuer Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ahmet Okay Caglayan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gumus
- Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Pascal Joset
- Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Penelope E Bonnen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tawfiq Froukh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samuel Groeschel
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Center for Rare Disease, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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18
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Pisanti S, Rimondi E, Pozza E, Melloni E, Zauli E, Bifulco M, Martinelli R, Marcuzzi A. Prenylation Defects and Oxidative Stress Trigger the Main Consequences of Neuroinflammation Linked to Mevalonate Pathway Deregulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159061. [PMID: 35897423 PMCID: PMC9332440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol biosynthesis represents a crucial metabolic pathway for cellular homeostasis. The end products of this pathway are sterols, such as cholesterol, which are essential components of cell membranes, precursors of steroid hormones, bile acids, and other molecules such as ubiquinone. Furthermore, some intermediates of this metabolic system perform biological activity in specific cellular compartments, such as isoprenoid molecules that can modulate different signal proteins through the prenylation process. The defects of prenylation represent one of the main causes that promote the activation of inflammation. In particular, this mechanism, in association with oxidative stress, induces a dysfunction of the mitochondrial activity. The purpose of this review is to describe the pleiotropic role of prenylation in neuroinflammation and to highlight the consequence of the defects of prenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ′Scuola Medica Salernitana′, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Pozza
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ′Scuola Medica Salernitana′, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
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19
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Hernández-Camacho JD, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Vicente-García C, Navas-Enamorado I, López-Lluch G, Oliva C, Artuch R, Garcia-Villoria J, Ribes A, de Cabo R, Carvajal JJ, Navas P. Calorie Restriction Rescues Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Adck2-Deficient Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:898792. [PMID: 35936917 PMCID: PMC9351392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.898792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ADCK2 haploinsufficiency-mediated mitochondrial coenzyme Q deficiency in skeletal muscle causes mitochondrial myopathy associated with defects in beta-oxidation of fatty acids, aged-matched metabolic reprogramming, and defective physical performance. Calorie restriction has proven to increase lifespan and delay the onset of chronic diseases associated to aging. To study the possible treatment by food deprivation, heterozygous Adck2 knockout mice were fed under 40% calorie restriction (CR) and the phenotype was followed for 7 months. The overall glucose and fatty acids metabolism in muscle was restored in mutant mice to WT levels after CR. CR modulated the skeletal muscle metabolic profile of mutant mice, partially rescuing the profile of WT animals. The analysis of mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle demonstrated that CR increased both CoQ levels and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) based on both glucose and fatty acids substrates, along with mitochondrial mass. The elevated aerobic metabolism fits with an increase of type IIa fibers, and a reduction of type IIx in mutant muscles, reaching WT levels. To further explore the effect of CR over muscle stem cells, satellite cells were isolated and induced to differentiate in culture media containing serum from animals in either ad libitum or CR diets for 72 h. Mutant cells showed slower differentiation alongside with decreased oxygen consumption. In vitro differentiation of mutant cells was increased under CR serum reaching levels of WT isolated cells, recovering respiration measured by OCR and partially beta-oxidation of fatty acids. The overall increase of skeletal muscle bioenergetics following CR intervention is paralleled with a physical activity improvement, with some increases in two and four limbs strength tests, and weights strength test. Running wheel activity was also partially improved in mutant mice under CR. These results demonstrate that CR intervention, which has been shown to improve age-associated physical and metabolic decline in WT mice, also recovers the defective aerobic metabolism and differentiation of skeletal muscle in mice caused by ADCK2 haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel J. M. Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vicente-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- Atsena Therapeutics, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Oliva
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Villoria
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jaime J. Carvajal
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Plácido Navas,
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20
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Drovandi S, Lipska-Ziętkiewicz BS, Ozaltin F, Emma F, Gulhan B, Boyer O, Trautmann A, Ziętkiewicz S, Xu H, Shen Q, Rao J, Riedhammer KM, Heemann U, Hoefele J, Stenton SL, Tsygin AN, Ng KH, Fomina S, Benetti E, Aurelle M, Prikhodina L, Schijvens AM, Tabatabaeifar M, Jankowski M, Baiko S, Mao J, Feng C, Deng F, Rousset-Rouviere C, Stańczyk M, Bałasz-Chmielewska I, Fila M, Durkan AM, Levart TK, Dursun I, Esfandiar N, Haas D, Bjerre A, Anarat A, Benz MR, Talebi S, Hooman N, Ariceta G, Schaefer F. Variation of the clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype associations in Coenzyme Q10 deficiency associated glomerulopathy. Kidney Int 2022; 102:592-603. [PMID: 35483523 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q10 deficiency is a rare mitochondriopathy with a wide spectrum of organ involvement, including steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome mainly associated with disease-causing variants in the genes COQ2, COQ6 or COQ8B. We performed a systematic literature review, PodoNet, MitoNET,and CCGKDD registries queries and an online survey, collecting comprehensive clinical and genetic data of 251 patients spanning 173 published (47 updated) and 78 new cases. Kidney disease was first diagnosed at median age 1.0, 1.2 and 9.8 years in individuals with disease-causing variants in COQ2, COQ6 and COQ8B, respectively. Isolated kidney involvement at diagnosis occurred in 34% of COQ2, 10.8% of COQ6 and 70.7% of COQ8B variant individuals. Classic infantile multiorgan involvement comprised 22% of the COQ2 variant cohort while 47% of them developed neurological symptoms at median age 2.7 years. The association of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and sensorineural hearing loss was confirmed as the distinctive phenotype of COQ6 variants, with hearing impairment manifesting at average age three years. None of the patients with COQ8B variants, but 50% of patients with COQ2 and COQ6 variants progressed to kidney failure by age five. At adult age, kidney survival was equally poor (20-25%) across all disorders. A number of sequence variants, including putative local founder mutations, had divergent clinical presentations, in terms of onset age, kidney and non-kidney manifestations and kidney survival. Milder kidney phenotype was present in those with biallelic truncating variants within the COQ8B variant cohort. Thus, significant intra- and inter-familial phenotype variability was observed, suggesting both genetic and non-genetic modifiers of disease severity.
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21
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Mechanisms and Therapeutic Effects of Benzoquinone Ring Analogs in Primary CoQ Deficiencies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040665. [PMID: 35453349 PMCID: PMC9029335 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a conserved polyprenylated lipid composed of a redox-active benzoquinone ring and a long polyisoprenyl tail that serves as a membrane anchor. CoQ biosynthesis involves multiple steps, including multiple modifications of the precursor ring 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Mutations in the enzymes involved in CoQ biosynthesis pathway result in primary coenzyme Q deficiencies, mitochondrial disorders whose clinical heterogenicity reflects the multiple biological function of CoQ. Patients with these disorders do not always respond to CoQ supplementation, and CoQ analogs have not been successful as alternative approaches. Progress made in understanding the CoQ biosynthesis pathway and studies of supplementation with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ring analogs have opened a new area in the field of primary CoQ deficiencies treatment. Here, we will review these studies, focusing on efficacy of the different 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ring analogs, models in which they have been tested, and their mechanisms of action. Understanding how these compounds ameliorate biochemical, molecular, and/or clinical phenotypes of CoQ deficiencies is important to develop the most rational treatment for CoQ deficient patients, depending on their molecular defects.
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22
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, O'Keefe JH. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency can be expected to compromise Sirt1 activity. Open Heart 2022; 9:openhrt-2021-001927. [PMID: 35296520 PMCID: PMC8928362 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For reasons that remain unclear, endogenous synthesis and tissue levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) tend to decline with increasing age in at least some tissues. When CoQ10 levels are sufficiently low, this compromises the efficiency of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, such that production of superoxide by site 2 increases and the rate of adenosine triphosphate production declines. Moreover, CoQ10 deficiency can be expected to decrease activities of Sirt1 and Sirt3 deacetylases, believed to be key determinants of health span. Reduction of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial NAD+/NADH ratio consequent to CoQ10 deficit can be expected to decrease the activity of these deacetylases by lessening availability of their obligate substrate NAD+. The increased oxidant production induced by CoQ10 deficiency can decrease the stability of Sirt1 protein by complementary mechanisms. And CoQ10 deficiency has also been found to lower mRNA expression of Sirt1. An analysis of the roles of Sirt1/Sirt3 in modulation of cellular function helps to rationalise clinical benefits of CoQ10 supplementation reported in heart failure, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease. Hence, correction of CoQ10 deficiency joins a growing list of measures that have potential for amplifying health protective Sirt1/Sirt3 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - James H O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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23
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Technical Aspects of Coenzyme Q10 Analysis: Validation of a New HPLC-ED Method. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030528. [PMID: 35326178 PMCID: PMC8944485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical measurement of the CoQ status in different tissues can be performed using HPLC with electrochemical detection (ED). Because the production of the electrochemical cells used with the Coulochem series detectors was discontinued, we aimed to standardize a new HPLC-ED method with new equipment. We report all technical aspects, troubleshooting and its performance in different biological samples, including plasma, skeletal muscle homogenates, urine and cultured skin fibroblasts. Analytical variables (intra- and inter-assay precision, linearity, analytical measurement range, limit of quantification, limit of detection and accuracy) were validated in calibrators and plasma samples and displayed adequate results. The comparison of the results of a new ERNDIM external quality control (EQC) scheme for the plasma CoQ determination between HPLC-ED (Lab 1) and LC-MS/MS (Lab 2) methods shows that the results of the latter were slightly higher in most cases, although a good consistency was generally observed. In conclusion, the new method reported here showed a good analytical performance. The global quality of the EQC scheme results among different participants can be improved with the contribution of more laboratories.
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24
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Treatment and Management of Hereditary Metabolic Myopathies. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-71317-7.00023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Rauchová H. Coenzyme Q10 effects in neurological diseases. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a lipophilic substituted benzoquinone, is present in animal and plant cells. It is endogenously synthetized in every cell and involved in a variety of cellular processes. CoQ10 is an obligatory component of the respiratory chain in inner mitochondrial membrane. In addition, the presence of CoQ10 in all cellular membranes and in blood. It is the only endogenous lipid antioxidant. Moreover, it is an essential factor for uncoupling protein and controls the permeability transition pore in mitochondria. It also participates in extramitochondrial electron transport and controls membrane physicochemical properties. CoQ10 effects on gene expression might affect the overall metabolism. Primary changes in the energetic and antioxidant functions can explain its remedial effects. CoQ10 supplementation is safe and well-tolerated, even at high doses. CoQ10 does not cause any serious adverse effects in humans or experimental animals. New preparations of CoQ10 that are less hydrophobic and structural derivatives, like idebenone and MitoQ, are being developed to increase absorption and tissue distribution. The review aims to summarize clinical and experimental effects of CoQ10 supplementations in some neurological diseases such as migraine, Parkinson´s disease, Huntington´s disease, Alzheimer´s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich´s ataxia or multiple sclerosis. Cardiovascular hypertension was included because of its central mechanisms controlling blood pressure in the brainstem rostral ventrolateral medulla and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. In conclusion, it seems reasonable to recommend CoQ10 as adjunct to conventional therapy in some cases. However, sometimes CoQ10 supplementations are more efficient in animal models of diseases than in human patients (e.g. Parkinson´s disease) or rather vague (e.g. Friedreich´s ataxia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rauchová
- Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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26
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Pallotti F, Bergamini C, Lamperti C, Fato R. The Roles of Coenzyme Q in Disease: Direct and Indirect Involvement in Cellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:128. [PMID: 35008564 PMCID: PMC8745647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component of the respiratory chain of all eukaryotic cells. Its function is closely related to mitochondrial respiration, where it acts as an electron transporter. However, the cellular functions of coenzyme Q are multiple: it is present in all cell membranes, limiting the toxic effect of free radicals, it is a component of LDL, it is involved in the aging process, and its deficiency is linked to several diseases. Recently, it has been proposed that coenzyme Q contributes to suppressing ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation. In this review, we report the latest hypotheses and theories analyzing the multiple functions of coenzyme Q. The complete knowledge of the various cellular CoQ functions is essential to provide a rational basis for its possible therapeutic use, not only in diseases characterized by primary CoQ deficiency, but also in large number of diseases in which its secondary deficiency has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pallotti
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- SSD Laboratorio Analisi-SMEL Specializzato in Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, ASST Settelaghi-Ospedale di Circolo-Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FABIT, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- UO Genetica Medica e Neurogenetica Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Romana Fato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FABIT, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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27
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Lyu X, Yan K, Chen W, Wang Y, Zhu H, Pan H, Lin G, Wang L, Yang H, Gong F. The characterization of metabolites alterations in white adipose tissue of diabetic GK Rats after ileal transposition surgery by an untargeted metabolomics approach. Adipocyte 2021; 10:275-284. [PMID: 33975515 PMCID: PMC8118414 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1926139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of adipose tissue could lead to insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, our present study aimed to investigate metabolites alterations in white adipose tissue (WAT) of diabetic GK rats after IT surgery. Ten-week-old male diabetic GK rats were randomly subjected to IT and Sham-IT surgery. Six weeks later, the untargeted metabolomics in WAT of diabetic GK rats was performed. Differential metabolites were selected according to the coefficient of variation (CV) of quality control (QC) sample <30%, variable importance in the projection (VIP) >1 and P < 0.05. Then, the hierarchical clustering of differential metabolites was conducted and the KEGG database was used for metabolic pathway analysis. A total of 50 (in positive ion mode) and 68 (in negative ion mode) metabolites were identified as differential metabolites in WAT of diabetic GK rats between IT group and Sham-IT group, respectively. These differential metabolites were well clustered, which in descending order of the number of involved differential metabolites is ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, AMPK signalling pathway, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, ferroptosis, vitamin digestion and absorption, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and bile secretion, and correlated with the parameters of body weight, food intake, WAT mass and glucose metabolism, which were significantly improved after IT surgery. The differential metabolites in WAT of diabetic GK rats were mainly related to the pathway of energy metabolism, and correlated with the improved phenotypes of diabetic GK rats after IT surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Lyu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Kemin Yan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Hui Pan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Guole Lin
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Fengying Gong
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
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28
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Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111785. [PMID: 34829656 PMCID: PMC8615162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q is a unique lipidic molecule highly conserved in evolution and essential to maintaining aerobic metabolism. It is endogenously synthesized in all cells by a very complex pathway involving a group of nuclear genes that share high homology among species. This pathway is tightly regulated at transcription and translation, but also by environment and energy requirements. Here, we review how coenzyme Q reacts within mitochondria to promote ATP synthesis and also integrates a plethora of metabolic pathways and regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q is also located in all cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins in which it exerts antioxidant function, and its reaction with different extramitochondrial oxidoreductases contributes to regulate the cellular redox homeostasis and cytosolic oxidative stress, providing a key factor in controlling various apoptosis mechanisms. Coenzyme Q levels can be decreased in humans by defects in the biosynthesis pathway or by mitochondrial or cytosolic dysfunctions, leading to a highly heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases included in the coenzyme Q deficiency syndrome. We also review the importance of coenzyme Q levels and its reactions involved in aging and age-associated metabolic disorders, and how the strategy of its supplementation has had benefits for combating these diseases and for physical performance in aging.
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29
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Bellusci M, García‐Silva MT, Martínez de Aragón A, Martín MA. Distal phalangeal erythema in an infant with biallelic PDSS1 mutations: Expanding the phenotype of primary Coenzyme Q 10 deficiency. JIMD Rep 2021; 62:3-5. [PMID: 34765390 PMCID: PMC8574184 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a detailed clinical examination in a patient with primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency caused by biallelic mutations in the PDSS1 gene who presented clinical features of mitochondrial encephalopathy associated with pulmonary hypertension, livedo reticularis and particularly, chronic distal phalangeal erythema. Laboratory testing showed elevated plasma lactate and 3-methyl-glutaconic and tricarboxylic aciduria. Supplementation with high dose of coenzyme Q10 was not effective to control disease progression and the patient died at the age of 3 years old because of a progressive multisystem disorder. Cutaneous involvement in mitochondrial disease is heterogenous, including proliferative, inflammatory, and dystrophic changes among others. The coexistence in our case of phalangeal erythema, livedo reticularis, and pulmonary hypertension suggests microvascular dysfunction as a possible underlying mechanism. This is the first reported patient with PDSS1 mutations presenting with 3-methyl-glutaconic aciduria and distal phalangeal erythema, expanding the phenotype of primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Bellusci
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, MetabERN Center“12 de Octubre” University HospitalMadridSpain
- Mitochondrial & Neuromuscular Disorders Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria “12 de Octubre” (imas12)MadridSpain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - Maria Teresa García‐Silva
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, MetabERN Center“12 de Octubre” University HospitalMadridSpain
- Mitochondrial & Neuromuscular Disorders Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria “12 de Octubre” (imas12)MadridSpain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | | | - Miguel Angel Martín
- Mitochondrial & Neuromuscular Disorders Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria “12 de Octubre” (imas12)MadridSpain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER)MadridSpain
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González-García P, Barriocanal-Casado E, Díaz-Casado ME, López-Herrador S, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, López LC. Animal Models of Coenzyme Q Deficiency: Mechanistic and Translational Learnings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111687. [PMID: 34829558 PMCID: PMC8614664 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipophilic molecule that is endogenously synthesized in the mitochondria of each cell. The CoQ biosynthetic pathway is complex and not completely characterized, and it involves at least thirteen catalytic and regulatory proteins. Once it is synthesized, CoQ exerts a wide variety of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial functions thank to its redox capacity and its lipophilicity. Thus, low levels of CoQ cause diseases with heterogeneous clinical symptoms, which are not always understood. The decreased levels of CoQ may be primary caused by defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or secondarily associated with other diseases. In both cases, the pathomechanisms are related to the CoQ functions, although further experimental evidence is required to establish this association. The conventional treatment for CoQ deficiencies is the high doses of oral CoQ10 supplementation, but this therapy is not effective for some specific clinical presentations, especially in those involving the nervous system. To better understand the CoQ biosynthetic pathway, the biological functions linked to CoQ and the pathomechanisms of CoQ deficiencies, and to improve the therapeutic outcomes of this syndrome, a variety of animal models have been generated and characterized in the last decade. In this review, we show all the animal models available, remarking on the most important outcomes that each model has provided. Finally, we also comment some gaps and future research directions related to CoQ metabolism and how the current and novel animal models may help in the development of future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C. López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
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Fan H, Liu Y, Li CY, Jiang Y, Song JJ, Yang L, Zhao Q, Hu YH, Chen XY, Xu JJ. Engineering high coenzyme Q 10 tomato. Metab Eng 2021; 68:86-93. [PMID: 34555495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is vital for energy metabolism in living organisms. In humans, CoQ10 deficiency causes diseases and must be replenished via diet; however, CoQ content in plant foods is primarily low. Here, we report the breeding of high CoQ10 tomato lines by expressing four enzymes with a fruit-specific promoter, which modifies the chloroplast chorismate pathway, enhances cytosolic isoprenoid biosynthesis, and up-regulates the first two reactions in mitochondrion that construct the CoQ10 polyisoprenoid tail. We show that, while the level of the aromatic precursor could be markedly elevated, head group prenylation is the key to increasing the final CoQ10 yield. In the HUCD lines expressing all four transgenes, the highest CoQ10 content (0.15 mg/g dry weight) shows a seven-fold increase from the wild-type level and reaches an extraordinarily rich CoQ10 food grade. Overviewing the changes in other terpenoids by transcriptome and metabolic analyses reveals variable contents of carotenoids and α-tocopherol in the HUCD lines. In addition to the enigmatic relations among different terpenoid pathways, high CoQ10 plants maintaining substantial levels of either vitamin can be selected. Our investigation paves the way for the development of CoQ10-enriched crops as dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
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Cellular Models for Primary CoQ Deficiency Pathogenesis Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910211. [PMID: 34638552 PMCID: PMC8508219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) deficiency includes a heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases characterized by low mitochondrial levels of CoQ due to decreased endogenous biosynthesis rate. These diseases respond to CoQ treatment mainly at the early stages of the disease. The advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) as whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have increased the discoveries of mutations in either gene already described to participate in CoQ biosynthesis or new genes also involved in this pathway. However, these technologies usually provide many mutations in genes whose pathogenic effect must be validated. To functionally validate the impact of gene variations in the disease’s onset and progression, different cell models are commonly used. We review here the use of yeast strains for functional complementation of human genes, dermal skin fibroblasts from patients as an excellent tool to demonstrate the biochemical and genetic mechanisms of these diseases and the development of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and iPSC-derived organoids for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment approaches.
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Li M, Yue Z, Lin H, Wang H, Chen H, Sun L. COQ2 mutation associated isolated nephropathy in two siblings from a Chinese pedigree. Ren Fail 2021; 43:97-101. [PMID: 33397173 PMCID: PMC7801106 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1864402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is involved in the biosynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and is most abundant in the mitochondrial membrane. The primary CoQ10 deficiency caused by COQ2 defect is mostly manifested as encephalopathy, encephalopathy with nephropathy, and rarely as an isolated nephrotic syndrome. Methods Clinical and pathological data and peripheral blood samples of 2 siblings with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and their family members of a Chinese pedigree were collected. DNA was extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing of target genes of hereditary nephropathy. Results Compound heterozygous mutations of COQ2 (c.1058A > G, p.Y353C, paternal and c.973A > G, p.T325A, maternal)were identified in both siblings of the pedigree. Mutation of p.Y353C was novel. The proband was a girl, who presented with SRNS at the age of 7 months. CoQ10 was administered after the gene sequencing results came out. Proteinuria decreased gradually to 1+, occasionally negative. The child was normal in growth and intelligence. She is now 4 years old. The second patient was her elder brother. He was found to have SRNS at the age of 2 years old. Renal pathology indicated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Electronic microcopy revealed that a large quantity of mitochondria with normal contour was accumulated within the podocytes. Both patients were in normal intelligence without convulsion. Conclusion The 2 cases harboring COQ2compound heterozygous mutations presented with isolated SRNS, with a renal pathology of FSGS and a large quantity of mitochondria with normal contour accumulated within the podocytes. CoQ10 was efficacy in eliminating proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongrong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huamu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangzhong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Association between the Serum Coenzyme Q10 Level and Seizure Control in Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9091118. [PMID: 34574891 PMCID: PMC8471960 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is a chronic neurological disorder with somatic impacts and increased risk of metabolic comorbidities. Oxidative stress might play an important role in metabolic effects and as a regulator of seizure control, while coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) could improve insulin sensitivity through antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate the association between CoQ10 level and clinical outcome, represented by the seizure frequency and quality of life, in DRE patients. DRE patients (N = 33) had significantly higher serum insulin levels and lower scores on the physical domain of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQoL) than gender-age matched controls. The serum CoQ10 level (2910.4 ± 1163.7 ng/mL) was much higher in DRE patients than the normal range. Moreover, the serum CoQ10 level was significantly correlated with the seizure frequency (r = −0.412, p = 0.037) and insulin level (r = 0.409, p = 0.038). Based on stratification by insulin resistance (HOMA-IR > 2.4), the subgroup analysis showed that patients with a greater HOMA-IR had higher CoQ10 levels and lower seizure frequency, and had a significantly worse quality of life. In summary, CoQ10 could be a mediator involved in the mechanism of epilepsy and serve as a biomarker of the clinical outcome in DER patients.
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Navas P, Cascajo MV, Alcázar-Fabra M, Hernández-Camacho JD, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Rodríguez ABC, Ballesteros-Simarro M, Arroyo-Luque A, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Brea-Calvo G, López-Lluch G, Santos-Ocaña C. Secondary CoQ 10 deficiency, bioenergetics unbalance in disease and aging. Biofactors 2021; 47:551-569. [PMID: 33878238 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) deficiency is a rare disease characterized by a decreased accumulation of CoQ10 in cell membranes. Considering that CoQ10 synthesis and most of its functions are carried out in mitochondria, CoQ10 deficiency cases are usually considered a mitochondrial disease. A relevant feature of CoQ10 deficiency is that it is the only mitochondrial disease with a successful therapy available, the CoQ10 supplementation. Defects in components of the synthesis machinery caused by mutations in COQ genes generate the primary deficiency of CoQ10 . Mutations in genes that are not directly related to the synthesis machinery cause secondary deficiency. Cases of CoQ10 deficiency without genetic origin are also considered a secondary deficiency. Both types of deficiency can lead to similar clinical manifestations, but the knowledge about primary deficiency is deeper than secondary. However, secondary deficiency cases may be underestimated since many of their clinical manifestations are shared with other pathologies. This review shows the current state of secondary CoQ10 deficiency, which could be even more relevant than primary deficiency for clinical activity. The analysis covers the fundamental features of CoQ10 deficiency, which are necessary to understand the biological and clinical differences between primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Further, a more in-depth analysis of CoQ10 secondary deficiency was undertaken to consider its origins, introduce a new way of classification, and include aging as a form of secondary deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María V Cascajo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ballesteros-Simarro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo-Luque
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Unraveling the genetic complexities of combined retinal dystrophy and hearing impairment. Hum Genet 2021; 141:785-803. [PMID: 34148116 PMCID: PMC9035000 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Usher syndrome, the most prevalent cause of combined hereditary vision and hearing impairment, is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Moreover, several conditions with phenotypes overlapping Usher syndrome have been described. This makes the molecular diagnosis of hereditary deaf–blindness challenging. Here, we performed exome sequencing and analysis on 7 Mexican and 52 Iranian probands with combined retinal degeneration and hearing impairment (without intellectual disability). Clinical assessment involved ophthalmological examination and hearing loss questionnaire. Usher syndrome, most frequently due to biallelic variants in MYO7A (USH1B in 16 probands), USH2A (17 probands), and ADGRV1 (USH2C in 7 probands), was diagnosed in 44 of 59 (75%) unrelated probands. Almost half of the identified variants were novel. Nine of 59 (15%) probands displayed other genetic entities with dual sensory impairment, including Alström syndrome (3 patients), cone-rod dystrophy and hearing loss 1 (2 probands), and Heimler syndrome (1 patient). Unexpected findings included one proband each with Scheie syndrome, coenzyme Q10 deficiency, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. In four probands, including three Usher cases, dual sensory impairment was either modified/aggravated or caused by variants in distinct genes associated with retinal degeneration and/or hearing loss. The overall diagnostic yield of whole exome analysis in our deaf–blind cohort was 92%. Two (3%) probands were partially solved and only 3 (5%) remained without any molecular diagnosis. In many cases, the molecular diagnosis is important to guide genetic counseling, to support prognostic outcomes and decisions with currently available and evolving treatment modalities.
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Fernández-del-Río L, Clarke CF. Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis: An Update on the Origins of the Benzenoid Ring and Discovery of New Ring Precursors. Metabolites 2021; 11:385. [PMID: 34198496 PMCID: PMC8231959 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone or CoQ) is a conserved polyprenylated lipid essential for mitochondrial respiration. CoQ is composed of a redox-active benzoquinone ring and a long polyisoprenyl tail that serves as a membrane anchor. A classic pathway leading to CoQ biosynthesis employs 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HB). Recent studies with stable isotopes in E. coli, yeast, and plant and animal cells have identified CoQ intermediates and new metabolic pathways that produce 4HB. Stable isotope labeling has identified para-aminobenzoic acid as an alternate ring precursor of yeast CoQ biosynthesis, as well as other natural products, such as kaempferol, that provide ring precursors for CoQ biosynthesis in plants and mammals. In this review, we highlight how stable isotopes can be used to delineate the biosynthetic pathways leading to CoQ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine F. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA;
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Neurological Involvement in Glycogen Storage Disease Type IXa due to PHKA2 Mutation. Can J Neurol Sci 2021; 47:400-403. [PMID: 31987065 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) result from the deficiency of enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis and breakdown into glucose. Mutations in the gene PHKA2 encoding phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha 2 have been linked to GSD type IXa. We describe a family with two adult brothers with neonatal hepatosplenomegaly and later onset of hearing loss, cognitive impairment, and cerebellar involvement. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on both subjects and revealed a shared hemizygous missense variant (c.A1561G; p.T521A) in exon 15 of PHKA2. The phenotype broadens the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of GSD type IXa to include later onset neurological manifestations.
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Microarray and qPCR Analysis of Mitochondrial Metabolism Activation during Prenatal and Early Postnatal Development in Rats and Humans with Emphasis on CoQ10 Biosynthesis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050418. [PMID: 34066731 PMCID: PMC8150536 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
At the end of the mammalian intra-uterine foetal development, a rapid switch from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism must proceed. Using microarray techniques, qPCR, enzyme activities and coenzyme Q content measurements, we describe perinatal mitochondrial metabolism acceleration in rat liver and skeletal muscle during the perinatal period and correlate the results with those in humans. Out of 1546 mitochondrial genes, we found significant changes in expression in 1119 and 827 genes in rat liver and skeletal muscle, respectively. The most remarkable expression shift occurred in the rat liver at least two days before birth. Coenzyme Q-based evaluation in both the rat model and human tissues showed the same trend: the total CoQ content is low prenatally, significantly increasing after birth in both the liver and skeletal muscle. We propose that an important regulator of rat coenzyme Q biosynthesis might be COQ8A, an atypical kinase involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q. Our microarray data, a total of 16,557 RefSeq (Entrez) genes, have been deposited in NCBI’s Gene Expression Omnibus and are freely available to the broad scientific community. Our microarray data could serve as a suitable background for finding key factors regulating mitochondrial metabolism and the preparation of the foetus for the transition to extra-uterine conditions.
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Alcázar-Fabra M, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Trevisson E, Brea-Calvo G. Primary Coenzyme Q deficiencies: A literature review and online platform of clinical features to uncover genotype-phenotype correlations. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:141-180. [PMID: 33677064 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiencies are clinically heterogeneous conditions and lack clear genotype-phenotype correlations, complicating diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Here we present a compilation of all the symptoms and patients with primary CoQ deficiency described in the literature so far and analyse the most common clinical manifestations associated with pathogenic variants identified in the different COQ genes. In addition, we identified new associations between the age of onset of symptoms and different pathogenic variants, which could help to a better diagnosis and guided treatment. To make these results useable for clinicians, we created an online platform (https://coenzymeQbiology.github.io/clinic-CoQ-deficiency) about clinical manifestations of primary CoQ deficiency that will be periodically updated to incorporate new information published in the literature. Since CoQ primary deficiency is a rare disease, the available data are still limited, but as new patients are added over time, this tool could become a key resource for a more efficient diagnosis of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | | | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, 35128, Italy.
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain.
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Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, González-García P, Díaz-Casado ME, Barriocanal-Casado E, López-Herrador S, Quinzii CM, López LC. Metabolic Targets of Coenzyme Q10 in Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:520. [PMID: 33810539 PMCID: PMC8066821 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is classically viewed as an important endogenous antioxidant and key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. For this second function, CoQ molecules seem to be dynamically segmented in a pool attached and engulfed by the super-complexes I + III, and a free pool available for complex II or any other mitochondrial enzyme that uses CoQ as a cofactor. This CoQ-free pool is, therefore, used by enzymes that link the mitochondrial respiratory chain to other pathways, such as the pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acid catabolism, glycine metabolism, proline, glyoxylate and arginine metabolism, and sulfide oxidation metabolism. Some of these mitochondrial pathways are also connected to metabolic pathways in other compartments of the cell and, consequently, CoQ could indirectly modulate metabolic pathways located outside the mitochondria. Thus, we review the most relevant findings in all these metabolic functions of CoQ and their relations with the pathomechanisms of some metabolic diseases, highlighting some future perspectives and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina M. Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Luis C. López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Villalba JM, Navas P. Regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis pathway in eukaryotes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:312-323. [PMID: 33549646 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone/ubiquinol) is a ubiquitous and unique molecule that drives electrons in mitochondrial respiratory chain and an obligatory step for multiple metabolic pathways in aerobic metabolism. Alteration of CoQ biosynthesis or its redox stage are causing mitochondrial dysfunctions as hallmark of heterogeneous disorders as mitochondrial/metabolic, cardiovascular, and age-associated diseases. Regulation of CoQ biosynthesis pathway is demonstrated to affect all steps of proteins production of this pathway, posttranslational modifications and protein-protein-lipid interactions inside mitochondria. There is a bi-directional relationship between CoQ and the epigenome in which not only the CoQ status determines the epigenetic regulation of many genes, but CoQ biosynthesis is also a target for epigenetic regulation, which adds another layer of complexity to the many pathways by which CoQ levels are regulated by environmental and developmental signals to fulfill its functions in eukaryotic aerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
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López-Lluch G. Coenzyme Q homeostasis in aging: Response to non-genetic interventions. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:285-302. [PMID: 33454314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component for many essential metabolic and antioxidant activities in cells in mitochondria and cell membranes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and age-related diseases. Deprivation of CoQ during aging can be the cause or the consequence of this mitochondrial dysfunction. In any case, it seems clear that aging-associated CoQ deprivation accelerates mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases. Non-genetic prolongevity interventions, including CoQ dietary supplementation, can increase CoQ levels in mitochondria and cell membranes improving mitochondrial activity and delaying cell and tissue deterioration by oxidative damage. In this review, we discuss the importance of CoQ deprivation in aging and age-related diseases and the effect of prolongevity interventions on CoQ levels and synthesis and CoQ-dependent antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Lluch
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología Del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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44
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The ubiquinone synthesis pathway is a promising drug target for Chagas disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243855. [PMID: 33539347 PMCID: PMC7861437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). It was originally a Latin American endemic health problem, but now is expanding worldwide as a result of increasing migration. The currently available drugs for Chagas disease, benznidazole and nifurtimox, provoke severe adverse effects, and thus the development of new drugs is urgently required. Ubiquinone (UQ) is essential for respiratory chain and redox balance in trypanosomatid protozoans, therefore we aimed to provide evidence that inhibitors of the UQ biosynthesis have trypanocidal activities. In this study, inhibitors of the human COQ7, a key enzyme of the UQ synthesis, were tested for their trypanocidal activities because they were expected to cross-react and inhibit trypanosomal COQ7 due to their genetic homology. We show the trypanocidal activity of a newly found human COQ7 inhibitor, an oxazinoquinoline derivative. The structurally similar compounds were selected from the commercially available compounds by 2D and 3D ligand-based similarity searches. Among 38 compounds selected, 12 compounds with the oxazinoquinoline structure inhibited significantly the growth of epimastigotes of T. cruzi. The most effective 3 compounds also showed the significant antitrypanosomal activity against the mammalian stage of T. cruzi at lower concentrations than benznidazole, a commonly used drug today. We found that epimastigotes treated with the inhibitor contained reduced levels of UQ9. Further, the growth of epimastigotes treated with the inhibitors was partially rescued by UQ10 supplementation to the culture medium. These results suggest that the antitrypanosomal mechanism of the oxazinoquinoline derivatives results from inhibition of the trypanosomal UQ synthesis leading to a shortage of the UQ pool. Our data indicate that the UQ synthesis pathway of T. cruzi is a promising drug target for Chagas disease.
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Pitceathly RD, Keshavan N, Rahman J, Rahman S. Moving towards clinical trials for mitochondrial diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:22-41. [PMID: 32618366 PMCID: PMC8432143 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases represent some of the most common and severe inherited metabolic disorders, affecting ~1 in 4,300 live births. The clinical and molecular diversity typified by mitochondrial diseases has contributed to the lack of licensed disease-modifying therapies available. Management for the majority of patients is primarily supportive. The failure of clinical trials in mitochondrial diseases partly relates to the inefficacy of the compounds studied. However, it is also likely to be a consequence of the significant challenges faced by clinicians and researchers when designing trials for these disorders, which have historically been hampered by a lack of natural history data, biomarkers and outcome measures to detect a treatment effect. Encouragingly, over the past decade there have been significant advances in therapy development for mitochondrial diseases, with many small molecules now transitioning from preclinical to early phase human interventional studies. In this review, we present the treatments and management strategies currently available to people with mitochondrial disease. We evaluate the challenges and potential solutions to trial design and highlight the emerging pharmacological and genetic strategies that are moving from the laboratory to clinical trials for this group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D.S. Pitceathly
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseasesUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUK
| | - Nandaki Keshavan
- Mitochondrial Research GroupUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Metabolic UnitGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Joyeeta Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research GroupUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research GroupUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Metabolic UnitGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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46
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Roy A, Earley CJ, Allen RP, Kaminsky ZA. Developing a biomarker for restless leg syndrome using genome wide DNA methylation data. Sleep Med 2020; 78:120-127. [PMID: 33422814 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on an epigenetic biomarker for restless leg syndrome (RLS) developed using whole genome DNA methylation data. Lymphocyte-derived DNA methylation was examined in 15 subjects with and without RLS (discovery cohort). T-tests and linear regressions were used followed by a principal component analysis (PCA). The principal component model from the discovery cohort was used to predict RLS status in a peripheral blood (N = 24; including 12 cases and 12 controls) and a post-mortem neural tissue (N = 71; including 36 cases and 35 controls) replication cohort as well as iron deficiency anemia status in a publicly available dataset (N = 71, 59 cases with iron deficiency anemia, 12 controls). Using receiver-operating characteristic analysis the optimum biomarker model - that included 49 probes - predicted RLS status in the blood-based replication cohort with an area under the curve (AUC) of 87.5% (confidence interval = 71.9%-100%). In the neural tissue samples, the model predicted RLS status with an AUC of 73.4% (confidence interval = 61.5%-85.3%). An AUC of 83% was found for predictions of iron deficiency anemia. Thus, the blood-based biomarker model reported here and built with epigenome-wide data showed reasonable replicability in lymphocytes and neural tissue samples. A limitation of this study is that we could not determine the metabolic or neurobiological pathways linking epigenetic changes with RLS. Further research is needed to fine-tune this model for prospective predictions of RLS and to enable translation for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Roy
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christopher J Earley
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Richard P Allen
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Zachary A Kaminsky
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Ontario Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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47
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Fernandez-Vizarra E, Zeviani M. Mitochondrial disorders of the OXPHOS system. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1062-1106. [PMID: 33159691 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are among the most frequent inborn errors of metabolism, their primary cause being the dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is composed of the electron transport chain (ETC), formed by four multimeric enzymes and two mobile electron carriers, plus an ATP synthase [also called complex V (cV)]. The ETC performs the redox reactions involved in cellular respiration while generating the proton motive force used by cV to synthesize ATP. OXPHOS biogenesis involves multiple steps, starting from the expression of genes encoded in physically separated genomes, namely the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, to the coordinated assembly of components and cofactors building each individual complex and eventually the supercomplexes. The genetic cause underlying around half of the diagnosed mitochondrial disease cases is currently known. Many of these cases result from pathogenic variants in genes encoding structural subunits or additional factors directly involved in the assembly of the ETC complexes. Here, we review the historical and most recent findings concerning the clinical phenotypes and the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying this particular group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Italy
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Schijvens AM, van de Kar NC, Bootsma-Robroeks CM, Cornelissen EA, van den Heuvel LP, Schreuder MF. Mitochondrial Disease and the Kidney With a Special Focus on CoQ 10 Deficiency. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:2146-2159. [PMID: 33305107 PMCID: PMC7710892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytopathies include a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation, leading to multi-organ involvement and progressive clinical deterioration. Most mitochondrial cytopathies that cause kidney symptoms are characterized by tubular defects, but glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and cystic diseases have also been described. Mitochondrial cytopathies can result from mitochondrial or nuclear DNA mutations. Early recognition of defects in the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis is important, as patients with primary CoQ10 deficiency may be responsive to treatment with oral CoQ10 supplementation, in contrast to most mitochondrial diseases. A literature search was conducted to investigate kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies and to identify mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations involved in mitochondrial kidney disease. Furthermore, we identified all reported cases to date with a CoQ10 deficiency with glomerular involvement, including 3 patients with variable renal phenotypes in our clinic. To date, 144 patients from 95 families with a primary CoQ10 deficiency and glomerular involvement have been described based on mutations in PDSS1, PDSS2, COQ2, COQ6, and COQ8B/ADCK4. This review provides an overview of kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies with a special focus on CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Schijvens
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M. Bootsma-Robroeks
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A. Cornelissen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Development and Regeneration,University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel F. Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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George DM, Vincent AS, Mackey HR. An overview of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and their applications in environmental biotechnology for sustainable Resource recovery. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 28:e00563. [PMID: 33304839 PMCID: PMC7714679 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (APB) are a phylogenetically diverse group of organisms that can harness solar energy for their growth and metabolism. These bacteria vary broadly in terms of their metabolism as well as the composition of their photosynthetic apparatus. Unlike oxygenic phototrophic bacteria such as algae and cyanobacteria, APB can use both organic and inorganic electron donors for light-dependent fixation of carbon dioxide without generating oxygen. Their versatile metabolism, ability to adapt in extreme conditions, low maintenance cost and high biomass yield make APB ideal for wastewater treatment, resource recovery and in the production of high value substances. This review highlights the advantages of APB over algae and cyanobacteria, and their applications in photo-bioelectrochemical systems, production of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates, single-cell protein, biofertilizers and pigments. The ecology of ABP, their distinguishing factors, various physiochemical parameters governing the production of high-value substances and future directions of APB utilization are also discussed.
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Key Words
- ALA, 5-Aminolevulinic acid
- APB, Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria
- Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (APB)
- BChl, Bacteriochlorophyll
- BES, Bioelectrochemical systems
- BPV, Biophotovoltaic
- BPh, Bacteriopheophytin
- Bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)
- Chl, Chlorophyll
- CoQ10, Coenzyme Q10
- DET, Direct electron transfer
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DO, Dissolved oxygen
- DXP, 1 deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate
- FPP, Farnesyl pyrophosphate
- Fe-S, Iron-Sulfur
- GNSB, Green non sulfur bacteria
- GSB, Green sulfur bacteria
- IPP, Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase
- LED, light emitting diode
- LH2, light-harvesting component II
- MFC, Microbial fuel cell
- MVA, Mevalonate
- PH3B, Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate
- PHA, Poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates
- PHB, Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate
- PNSB, Purple non sulfur bacteria
- PPB, Purple phototrophic bacteria
- PSB, Purple sulfur bacteria
- Pheo-Q, Pheophytin-Quinone
- Photo-BES, Photosynthetic bioelectrochemical systems
- Photo-MFC, Photo microbial fuel cell
- Poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
- Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB)
- Resource recovery
- RuBisCO, Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
- SCP, Single-cell protein
- SOB, Sulfide oxidizing bacteria
- SRB, Sulfate reducing bacteria
- Single-cell proteins (SCP)
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishya M. George
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Annette S. Vincent
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Biological Sciences Program, Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar, Qatar
| | - Hamish R. Mackey
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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50
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Hashemi SS, Zare-Abdollahi D, Bakhshandeh MK, Vafaee A, Abolhasani S, Inanloo Rahatloo K, DanaeeFard F, Farboodi N, Rohani M, Alavi A. Clinical spectrum in multiple families with primary COQ 10 deficiency. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:440-452. [PMID: 33215859 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10/ COQ10 , an essential cofactor in the electron-transport chain is involved in ATP production. Primary COQ10 deficiency is clinically and genetically a heterogeneous group of mitochondrial disorders caused by defects in the COQ10 synthesis pathway. Its mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive and it is characterized by metabolic abnormalities and multisystem involvement including neurological features. Mutations in 10 genes have been identified concerning this group of diseases, so far. Among those, variants of the COQ7 gene are very rare and confined to three patients with Asian ancestry. Here, we present the clinical features and results of whole-exome sequencing (WES) of three Iranian unrelated families affected by primary COQ10 deficiency. Three homozygous variants in COQ2, COQ4, and COQ7 genes were identified. Candidate variants of the COQ2 and COQ4 genes were novel and associated with the cerebellar signs and multisystem involvement, whereas, the known variant in COQ7 was associated with a mild phenotype that was initially diagnosed as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). This variant has already been reported in a Canadian girl with similar presentations that also originated from Iran suggesting both patients may share a common ancestor. Due to extensive heterogeneity in this group of disorders, and overlap with other mitochondrial/neurological disorders, WES may be helpful to distinguish primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency from other similar conditions. Given that some features of primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency may improve with exogenous COQ10 , early diagnosis is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed S Hashemi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Zare-Abdollahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad K Bakhshandeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Vafaee
- Department of Orthopedics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Abolhasani
- Department of Neurology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Fardad DanaeeFard
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Rohani
- Department of Neurology, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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