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Bergamo PJ, Rito KF, Viana BF, Garcia E, Lughadha EN, Maués MM, Rech AR, Silva FD, Varassin IG, Agostini K, Marques MC, Maruyama PK, Ravena N, Garibaldi LA, Knight TM, Oliveira PEM, Oppata AK, Saraiva AM, Tambosi LR, Tsukahara RY, Freitas L, Wolowski M. Integrating public engagement to intensify pollination services through ecological restoration. iScience 2023; 26:107276. [PMID: 37559905 PMCID: PMC10407755 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, human activities impose threats to nature and the provision of ecosystem services, such as pollination. In this context, ecological restoration provides opportunities to create managed landscapes that maximize biodiversity conservation and sustainable agriculture, e.g., via provision of pollination services. Managing pollination services and restoration opportunities requires the engagement of distinct stakeholders embedded in diverse social institutions. Nevertheless, frameworks toward sustainable agriculture often overlook how stakeholders interact and access power in social arenas. We present a perspective integrating pollination services, ecological restoration, and public engagement for biodiversity conservation and agricultural production. We highlight the importance of a comprehensive assessment of pollination services, restoration opportunities identification, and a public engagement strategy anchored in institutional analysis of the social arenas involved in restoration efforts. Our perspective can therefore guide the implementation of practices from local to country scales to enhance biodiversity conservation and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Bergamo
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Kátia F. Rito
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Blandina F. Viana
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-210, Brazil
| | - Edenise Garcia
- Instituto de Conservação Ambiental the Nature Conservancy Brasil, São Paulo 01311-936, Brazil
| | - Eimear Nic Lughadha
- Conservation Science Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 9AE, UK
| | - Márcia M. Maués
- Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belém 66095-903, Brazil
| | - André R. Rech
- Centre of Advanced Studies on Functioning of Ecological Systems and Interactions (CAFESIN-MULTIFLOR), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina 39100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela G. Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Kayna Agostini
- Department of Natural Science, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras 13600-970, Brazil
| | | | - Pietro K. Maruyama
- Centre for Ecological Synthesis and Conservation, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nirvia Ravena
- Centre of Amazonian Studies, Federal University of Pará, de Altos Estudos Amazônicos, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Lucas A. Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones em Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - Tiffany M. Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Community Ecology Department, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Halle 06120, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06099, Germany
| | | | | | - Antônio M. Saraiva
- Polythecnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leandro Freitas
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Marina Wolowski
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
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De Vitis M, Havens K, Barak RS, Egerton-Warburton L, Ernst AR, Evans M, Fant JB, Foxx AJ, Hadley K, Jabcon J, O’Shaughnessey J, Ramakrishna S, Sollenberger D, Taddeo S, Urbina-Casanova R, Woolridge C, Xu L, Zeldin J, Kramer AT. Why are some plant species missing from restorations? A diagnostic tool for temperate grassland ecosystems. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.1028295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.N. Decade on Ecosystem Restoration aims to accelerate actions to prevent, halt, and reverse the degradation of ecosystems, and re-establish ecosystem functioning and species diversity. The practice of ecological restoration has made great progress in recent decades, as has recognition of the importance of species diversity to maintaining the long-term stability and functioning of restored ecosystems. Restorations may also focus on specific species to fulfill needed functions, such as supporting dependent wildlife or mitigating extinction risk. Yet even in the most carefully planned and managed restoration, target species may fail to germinate, establish, or persist. To support the successful reintroduction of ecologically and culturally important plant species with an emphasis on temperate grasslands, we developed a tool to diagnose common causes of missing species, focusing on four major categories of filters, or factors: genetic, biotic, abiotic, and planning & land management. Through a review of the scientific literature, we propose a series of diagnostic tests to identify potential causes of failure to restore target species, and treatments that could improve future outcomes. This practical diagnostic tool is meant to strengthen collaboration between restoration practitioners and researchers on diagnosing and treating causes of missing species in order to effectively restore them.
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Gaiarsa MP, Bascompte J. Hidden effects of habitat restoration on the persistence of pollination networks. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2132-2141. [PMID: 36006740 PMCID: PMC9804604 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Past and recent studies have focused on the effects of global change drivers such as species invasions on species extinction. However, as we enter the United Nations Decade of Ecosystem Restoration the aim must switch to understanding how invasive-species management affects the persistence of the remaining species in a community. Focusing on plant-pollinator interactions, we test how species persistence is affected by restoration via the removal of invasive plant species. Restoration had a clear positive effect on plant persistence, whereas there was no difference between across treatments for pollinator persistence in the early season, but a clear effect in late season, with higher persistence in unrestored sites. Network structure affected only pollinator persistence, while centrality had a strong positive effect on both plants and pollinators. Our results suggest a hidden effect of invasive plants-although they may compete with native plant species, invasive plants may provide important resources for pollinators, at least in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia P. Gaiarsa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- School of Natural SciencesUniversity of California, MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jordi Bascompte
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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4
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Andrews CE, Anderson SH, van der Walt K, Thorogood R, Ewen JG. Evaluating the success of functional restoration after reintroduction of a lost avian pollinator. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13892. [PMID: 35171538 PMCID: PMC9545379 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conservation translocation is a common method for species recovery, for which one increasingly frequent objective is restoring lost ecological functions to promote ecosystem recovery. However, few conservation translocation programs explicitly state or monitor function as an objective, limiting the ability to test assumptions, learn from past efforts, and improve management. We evaluated whether translocations of hihi (Notiomystis cincta), a threatened New Zealand passerine, achieved their implicit objective of restoring lost pollination function. Through a pollinator-exclusion experiment, we quantified, with log response ratios (lnR), the effects of birds on fruit set and seed quality in hangehange (Geniostoma ligustrifolium), a native flowering shrub. We isolated the contributions of hihi by making comparisons across sites with and without hihi. Birds improved fruit set more at sites without hihi (lnR = 1.27) than sites with hihi (lnR = 0.50), suggesting other avian pollinators compensated for and even exceeded hihi contributions to fruit set. Although birds improved seed germination only at hihi sites (lnR = 0.22-0.41), plants at sites without hihi had germination rates similar to hihi sites because they produced 26% more filled seeds, regardless of pollination condition. Therefore, although our results showed hihi improved seed quality, they also highlighted the complexity of ecological functions. When an important species is lost, ecosystems may be able to achieve similar function through different means. Our results underscore the importance of stating and monitoring the ecological benefits of conservation translocations when functional restoration is a motivation to ensure these programs are achieving their objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Andrews
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Karin van der Walt
- Ōtari Native Botanic Garden and Wilton's Bush ReserveWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Rose Thorogood
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Research Program in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - John G. Ewen
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
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5
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Holl KD, Luong JC, Brancalion PHS. Overcoming biotic homogenization in ecological restoration. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:777-788. [PMID: 35660115 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Extensive evidence shows that regional (gamma) diversity is often lower across restored landscapes than in reference landscapes, in part due to common restoration practices that favor widespread species through selection of easily-grown species with high survival and propagation practices that reduce genetic diversity. We discuss approaches to counteract biotic homogenization, such as reintroducing species that are adapted to localized habitat conditions and are unlikely to colonize naturally; periodically reintroducing propagules from remnant populations to increase genetic diversity; and reintroducing higher trophic level fauna to restore interaction networks and processes that promote habitat heterogeneity. Several policy changes would also increase regional diversity; these include regional coordination amongst restoration groups, financial incentives to organizations producing conservation-valued species, and experimental designations for rare species introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Holl
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Justin C Luong
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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Motta CI, Luong JC, Seltmann KC. Plant-arthropod interactions of an endangered California lupine. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8688. [PMID: 35342564 PMCID: PMC8928892 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The reintroduction of endangered plant species is an essential conservation tool. Reintroductions can fail to create resilient, self-sustaining populations due to a poor understanding of environmental factors that limit or promote plant success. Biotic factors, specifically plant-arthropod interactions, have been shown to affect the establishment of endangered plant populations. Lupinus nipomensis (Nipomo Mesa lupine) is a state of California (California Rare Plant Rank: 1B.1) and federally (65 FR 14888) endangered endemic plant with only one extant population located along the central California coast. How arthropods positively or negatively interact with L. nipomensis is not well known and more information could aid conservation efforts. We conducted arthropod surveys of the entire L. nipomensis extant population in spring 2017. Observed arthropods present on L. nipomensis included 17 families, with a majority of individuals belonging to Thripidae. We did not detect any obvious pollinators of L. nipomensis, providing support for previous studies suggesting this lupine is capable of self-pollinating, and observed several arthropod genera that could potentially impact the reproductive success of L. nipomensis via incidental pollination or plant predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina I. Motta
- Departamento de BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoRio ClaroSão PauloBrazil
- Vernon and Mary Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological RestorationUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Justin C. Luong
- Vernon and Mary Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological RestorationUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
- Environmental Studies DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katja C. Seltmann
- Vernon and Mary Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological RestorationUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
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7
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Lybbert AH, Cusser SJ, Hung KLJ, Goodell K. Ten-year trends reveal declining quality of seeded pollinator habitat on reclaimed mines regardless of seed mix diversity. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e02467. [PMID: 34614245 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant-pollinator interactions represent a crucial ecosystem function threatened by anthropogenic landscape changes. Disturbances that reduce plant diversity are associated with floral resource and pollinator declines. Establishing wildflower plantings is a major conservation strategy targeting pollinators, the success of which depends on long-term persistence of seeded floral communities. However, most pollinator-oriented seeding projects are monitored for a few years, making it difficult to evaluate the longevity of such interventions. Selecting plant species to provide pollinators diverse arrays of floral resources throughout their activity season is often limited by budgetary constraints and other conservation priorities. To evaluate the long-term persistence of prairie vegetation seeded to support pollinators, we sowed wildflower seed mixes into plots on a degraded reclaimed strip-mine landscape in central Ohio, USA. We examined how pollinator habitat quality, measured as floral abundance and diversity, changed over 10 years (2009-2019) in the absence of management, over the course of the blooming season within each year, and across three seed mixes containing different numbers and combinations of flowering plant species. Seeded species floral abundance declined by more than 75% over the study, with the largest decline occurring between the fifth and seventh summers. Native and non-native adventive flowering plants quickly colonized the plots and represented >50% of floral community abundances on average. Floral richness remained relatively constant throughout the study, with a small peak one year after plot establishment. Plots seeded with High-Diversity Mixes averaged two or three more species per plot compared with a Low-Diversity Mix, despite having been seeded with twice as many plant species. Within years, the abundance and diversity of seeded species were lowest early in the blooming season and increased monotonically from June to August. Adventive species exhibited the opposite trend, such that complementary abundance patterns of seeded and adventive species blooms resulted in a relatively constant floral abundance across the growing season. Seeded plant communities followed classic successional patterns in which annual species quickly established and flowered but were replaced by perennial species after the first few summers. Long-term data on establishment and persistence of flower species can guide species selection for future-oriented pollinator habitat restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Lybbert
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 318 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43202, USA
- Department of Biology, Methodist University, 5400 Ramsey St., Fayetteville, North Carolina, 28311, USA
| | - Sarah J Cusser
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, 3700 East Gull Lake Rd, Hickory Corner, Michigan, 49007, USA
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - Keng-Lou James Hung
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 318 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43202, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Karen Goodell
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1179 University Drive, Newark, Ohio, 43055, USA
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Bergamo PJ, Wolowski M, Tambosi LR, Garcia E, Agostini K, Garibaldi LA, Knight TM, Nic Lughadha E, Oliveira PEAM, Marques MCM, Maruyama PK, Maués MM, Oppata AK, Rech AR, Saraiva AM, Silva FDS, Sousa G, Tsukahara RY, Varassin IG, Viana BF, Freitas L. Areas Requiring Restoration Efforts are a Complementary Opportunity to Support the Demand for Pollination Services in Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12043-12053. [PMID: 34423633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crop pollination is one of Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) that reconciles biodiversity conservation and agricultural production. NCP benefits vary across space, including among distinct political-administrative levels within nations. Moreover, initiatives to restore ecosystems may enhance NCP provision, such as crop pollination delivered by native pollinators. We mapped crop pollination demand (PD), diversity of pollinator-dependent crops, and vegetation deficit (VD) (vis-a-vis Brazilian legal requirements) across all 5570 municipalities in Brazil. Pollinator-dependent crops represented ∼55% of the annual monetary value of agricultural production and ∼15% of the annual crop production. Municipalities with greater crop PD (i.e., higher degree of pollinator dependence of crop production) also had greater VD, associated with large properties and monocultures. In contrast, municipalities with a greater diversity of pollinator-dependent crops and predominantly small properties presented a smaller VD. Our results support that ecological restoration prompted by legal requirements offers great potential to promote crop productivity in larger properties. Moreover, conservation of vegetation remnants could support food security in small properties. We provided the first steps to identify spatial patterns linking biodiversity conservation and pollination service. Using Brazilian legal requirements as an example, we show that land-use management policies may be successfully used to ensure agricultural sustainability and crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Bergamo
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Marina Wolowski
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
| | | | - Edenise Garcia
- Instituto de Conservação Ambiental The Nature Conservancy Brasil, São Paulo 01311-936, Brazil
| | - Kayna Agostini
- Department of Natural Science, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Agroecología y Desarollo Rural, Instituto de Investigaciones em Recursos Naturales, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - Tiffany M Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Community Ecology Department, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Halle 06120, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06099, Germany
| | - Eimear Nic Lughadha
- Conservation Science Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 9AE, U.K
| | - Paulo E A M Oliveira
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Marcia C M Marques
- Botany Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Pietro K Maruyama
- Centre of Ecological Synthesis and Conservation, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Márcia M Maués
- Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belém 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Alberto K Oppata
- Cooperativa Agrícola Mista de Tomé-Açu, Tomé-Açu 68682-000, Brazil
| | - André R Rech
- Centre of Advanced Studies on Functioning of Ecological Systems and Interactions (CAFESIN-MULTIFLOR), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Antônio M Saraiva
- Polythecnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 055-08-010, Brazil
| | - Felipe D S Silva
- Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, 78607-899, Brazil
| | - Gizele Sousa
- Cooperativa Agrícola Mista de Tomé-Açu, Tomé-Açu 68682-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Y Tsukahara
- Fundação ABC Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Agropecuário, Castro 84165-700, Brazil
| | - Isabela G Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Blandina F Viana
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-210, Brazil
| | - Leandro Freitas
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil
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Ritchie AL, Elliott CP, Sinclair EA, Krauss SL. Restored and remnant Banksia woodlands elicit different foraging behavior in avian pollinators. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11774-11785. [PMID: 34522340 PMCID: PMC8427588 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollinators and the pollination services they provide are critical for seed set and self-sustainability of most flowering plants. Despite this, pollinators are rarely assessed in restored plant communities, where their services are largely assumed to re-establish. Bird-pollinator richness, foraging, and interaction behavior were compared between natural and restored Banksia woodland sites in Western Australia to assess their re-establishment in restored sites. These parameters were measured for natural communities of varying size and degree of fragmentation, and restored plant communities of high and low complexity for three years, in the summer and winter flowering of Banksia attenuata and B. menziesii, respectively. Bird visitor communities varied in composition, richness, foraging movement distances, and aggression among sites. Bird richness and abundance were lowest in fragmented remnants. Differences in the composition were associated with the size and degree of fragmentation in natural sites, but this did not differ between seasons. Restored sites and their adjacent natural sites had similar species composition, suggesting proximity supports pollinator re-establishment. Pollinator foraging movements were influenced by the territorial behavior of different species. Using a network analysis approach, we found foraging behavior varied, with more frequent aggressive chases observed in restored sites, resulting in more movements out of the survey areas, than observed in natural sites. Aggressors were larger-bodied Western Wattlebirds (Anthochaera chrysoptera) and New Holland Honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) that dominated nectar resources, particularly in winter. Restored sites had re-established pollination services, albeit with clear differences, as the degree of variability in the composition and behavior of bird pollinators for Banksias in the natural sites created a broad completion target against which restored sites were assessed. The abundance, diversity, and behavior of pollinator services to remnant and restored Banksia woodland sites were impacted by the size and degree of fragmentation, which in turn influenced bird-pollinator composition, and were further influenced by seasonal changes between summer and winter. Consideration of the spatial and temporal landscape context of restored sites, along with plant community diversity, is needed to ensure the maintenance of the effective movement of pollinators between natural remnant woodlands and restored sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L. Ritchie
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
| | - Carole P. Elliott
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
| | - Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
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10
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Fuccillo Battle K, de Rivera CE, Cruzan MB. The role of functional diversity and facilitation in small-scale pollinator habitat. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02355. [PMID: 33870597 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
People in urban and rural areas are planting habitat patches for pollinators in response to growing public awareness of the risks of pollinator declines; yet research rarely has been undertaken to inform the composition of such patches. Determining which key functional plant traits to prioritize and how plant-pollinator interaction dynamics operate in these small-scale, fragmented patches is critical to ensuring the efficacy of pollinator restoration efforts across landscapes. We established small-scale (2.5 m diameter) experimental patches and manipulated plant diversity and resource level (nectar) to determine the effects on pollinator abundance, pollinator diversity, and plant-pollinator facilitation-competition dynamics. Our results showed that in small-scale habitat, plant diversity and resource availability significantly affected the abundance and diversity of pollinating insects. Specifically, the treatments that contained high-resource plant species increased pollinator abundance and diversity the most. Plant diversity increased pollinator diversity and abundance only in the absence of high-resource plants. Pollination facilitation was observed in high-resource treatments, but varied among plant species. Competition for pollinators was observed in high-diversity treatments but did not affect seed set for high-resource plants in any of the treatments. Our results suggest that managers or landowners planting small-scale pollinator habitat should prioritize including species with high nectar production, and secondarily, a diverse mix of species if space and resources allow. The protocols we used to monitor pollinators can be used by community science observers with limited training, expanding the potential for assessment of future pollinator habitat restoration projects. Shared research identifying features critical to effective restoration will help conserve plant-pollinator mutualisms across landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerissa Fuccillo Battle
- Environmental Science and Resources, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
- Community Greenways Collaborative, Inc., 37 Happy Valley Road, Bearsville, New York, 12409, USA
| | - Catherine E de Rivera
- Environmental Science and Resources, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Mitchell B Cruzan
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
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11
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Scott-Brown A, Koch H. New directions in pollinator research: diversity, conflict and response to global change. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:ETLS20200123. [PMID: 32556155 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between pollinators and their plant hosts are central to maintaining global biodiversity and ensuring our food security. In this special issue, we compile reviews that summarize existing knowledge and point out key outstanding research areas to understand and safeguard pollinators, pollinators-host plant interactions and the pollination ecosystem services they provide. The vast diversity of the pollinator-plant interactions that exists on this planet still remains poorly explored, with many being associations involving a specialist pollinator partner, although historically most focus has been given to generalist pollinators, such as the honeybee. Two areas highlighted here are the ecology and evolution of oligolectic bee species, and the often-neglected groups of pollinators that forage solely at night. Advances in automated detection technologies could offer potential and complementary solutions to the current shortfall in knowledge on interactions occurring between less well-documented plant-pollinator associations, by increasing the collection range and capacity of flower visitation data over space and time. Pollinator-host plant interactions can be affected by external biotic factors, with herbivores and pathogens playing particularly important roles. Such interactions can be disrupted by modifying plant volatile and reward chemistry, with possible effects on pollinator attraction and pollination success. Mechanisms which underpin interactions between plants and their pollinators also face many anthropogenic disturbances. Reviews in this issue discuss threats from parasites and climate change to pollinator populations and plant-pollinator networks, and suggest new ways to mitigate these threats. While the protection of existing plant-pollinator networks will be a crucial goal for conservation biology, more research is needed to understand how lost interactions in degraded habitats may be restored with mutual benefits to plants and pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Scott-Brown
- Department of Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, U.K
| | - Hauke Koch
- Department of Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, U.K
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