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Mitlehner A, Mitlehner C, Reißmann M, Stoll P, Swoboda I, Mitlehner W. Horse allergy: Curly Horses can mediate immune tolerance. Pneumologie 2024; 78:47-57. [PMID: 37827498 DOI: 10.1055/a-2101-9533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
American Bashkir Curly Horses are claimed to be hypoallergenic, but this has not been clinically proven. In the present study, the effect of exposure to Curly Horses was investigated in 141 patients allergic to horses by measuring their lung function and nasal patency during Curly Horse contact. Continuous contact with Curly Horses, including riding and brushing, decreased the allergic riders' reactivity as measured by FEV1, PEF, and PNIF. Subsequent visits (up to 40 or more hours of riding) further reduced reactivity to the Curly Horses. Allergic events to horses occurred only in 72 out of 1312 riding hours, mainly in the first ten riding hours.In 41 out of the 141 patients, it was further investigated whether repeated exposure to Curly Horses could induce tolerance to other horses. Patients in the tolerance induction study were tested annually for horse allergy using a nasal provocation test. The tolerance induction study showed that exposure to Curly Horses induced immune tolerance to other horses in 88% of patients who completed the study.To understand the mechanism causing hypoallergenicity, we performed IgE immunoblots to determine whether Curly Horse hairs contain IgE binding proteins. However, no differences in IgE reactivity were found between Curly and non-Curly Horses. Moreover, the immune tolerance induction study patients did not show decreased IgE reactivity to hairs from Curly or non-Curly Horses even though patients had developed tolerance. However, we did find increasing levels of anti-horse IgG antibodies in the study patients.Overall, our data strongly suggests that continuous exposure to Curly Horses can induce immune tolerance, rendering these patients non-reactive to horses. The reason for the reduced clinical allergenicity of Curly Horses remains unclear, but the data suggest that blocking IgG antibodies may be of importance for immune tolerance development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Reißmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Stoll
- Molecular Biotechnology Section, FH Campus Wien University of Applied Sciences, Wien, Austria
| | - Ines Swoboda
- Molecular Biotechnology Section, FH Campus Wien University of Applied Sciences, Wien, Austria
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Kortekaas Krohn I, Badloe FMS, Herrmann N, Maintz L, De Vriese S, Ring J, Bieber T, Gutermuth J. Immunoglobulin E autoantibodies in atopic dermatitis associate with Type-2 comorbidities and the atopic march. Allergy 2023; 78:3178-3192. [PMID: 37489049 DOI: 10.1111/all.15822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoreactive immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to self-peptides within the epidermis have been identified in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Prevalence, concomitant diseases, patient characteristics, and risk factors of IgE autoantibody development remain elusive. We aimed to determine IgE autoantibodies in serum samples (n = 672) from well-characterized patients with AD and controls (1.2-88.9 years). METHODS Atopic dermatitis patients were sub-grouped in AD with comorbid Type-2 diseases ("AD + Type 2"; asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, n = 431) or "solely AD" (n = 115). Also, subjects without AD but with Type-2 diseases ("atopic controls," n = 52) and non-atopic "healthy controls" (n = 74) were included. Total proteins from primary human keratinocytes were used for the immunoassay to detect IgE autoantibodies. Values were compared to already known positive and negative serum samples. RESULTS Immunoglobulin E autoantibodies were found in 15.0% (82/546) of all analyzed AD-patients. "AD + Type 2" showed a higher prevalence (16.4%) than "solely AD" (9.6%). "Atopic controls" (9.6%) were comparable with "solely AD" patients, while 2.7% of healthy controls showed IgE autoantibodies. Of those with high levels of IgE autoantibodies, 15 out of 16 were patients with "AD + Type 2". AD patients with IgE autoantibodies were younger than those without. Patients with IgE autoreactivity also displayed higher total serum IgE levels. Factors that affected IgE autoantibody development were as follows: birth between January and June, cesarean-section and diversity of domestic pets. CONCLUSIONS Immunoglobulin E autoantibodies in AD seem to associate with the presence of atopic comorbidities and environmental factors. The potential value of IgE autoantibodies as a predictive biomarker for the course of AD, including the atopic march, needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Kortekaas Krohn
- Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fariza Mishaal Saiema Badloe
- Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadine Herrmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Laura Maintz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Shauni De Vriese
- Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johannes Ring
- Department Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
- Davos Biosciences, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gutermuth
- Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Panzer AR, Sitarik AR, Fadrosh D, Havstad SL, Jones K, Davidson B, Finazzo S, Wegienka GR, Woodcroft K, Lukacs NW, Levin AM, Ownby DR, Johnson CC, Lynch SV, Zoratti EM. The impact of prenatal dog keeping on infant gut microbiota development. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:833-845. [PMID: 36916778 PMCID: PMC11163251 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal and early-life dog exposure has been linked to reduced childhood allergy and asthma. A potential mechanism includes altered early immune development in response to changes in the gut microbiome among dog-exposed infants. We thus sought to determine whether infants born into homes with indoor dog(s) exhibit altered gut microbiome development. METHODS Pregnant women living in homes with dogs or in pet-free homes were recruited in southeast Michigan. Infant stool samples were collected at intervals between 1 week and 18 months after birth and microbiome was assessed using 16S ribosomal sequencing. Perinatal maternal vaginal/rectal swabs and stool samples were sequenced from a limited number of mothers. Mixed effect adjusted models were used to assess stool microbial community trajectories comparing infants from dog-keeping versus pet-free homes with adjustment for relevant covariates. RESULTS Infant gut microbial composition among vaginally born babies became less similar to the maternal vaginal/rectal microbiota and more similar to the maternal gut microbiota with age-related accumulation of bacterial species with advancing age. Stool samples from dog-exposed infants were microbially more diverse (p = .041) through age 18 months with enhanced diversity most apparent between 3 and 6 months of age. Statistically significant effects of dog exposure on β-diversity metrics were restricted to formula-fed children. Across the sample collection period, dog exposure was associated with Fusobacterium genera enrichment, as well as enrichment of Collinsella, Ruminococcus, Clostridaceae and Lachnospiraceae OTUs. CONCLUSION Prenatal/early-life dog exposure is associated with an altered gut microbiome during infancy and supports a potential mechanism explaining lessened atopy and asthma risk. Further research directly linking specific dog-attributable changes in the infant gut microbiome to the risk of allergic disorders is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane R Panzer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexandra R Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Doug Fadrosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Suzanne L Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyra Jones
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Brent Davidson
- Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Salvatore Finazzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Wyandotte Hospital, Wyandotte, Michigan, USA
| | - Ganesa R Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kimberley Woodcroft
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dennis R Ownby
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine C Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward M Zoratti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Siegel J, Gill N, Ramanathan M, Patadia M. Unified Airway Disease. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023; 56:39-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Custovic A, de Moira AP, Murray CS, Simpson A. Environmental influences on childhood asthma: Allergens. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13915. [PMID: 36825741 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergen exposure is associated with the development of allergen-specific sensitization, but their relationship is influenced by other contemporaneous exposures (such as microbial exposure) and the genetic predisposition of the host. Clinical outcomes of the primary prevention studies that tested the effectiveness of allergen avoidance in pregnancy and early life on the subsequent development of sensitization and asthma published to date are inconsistent. Therefore, we cannot provide any evidence-based advice on the use of allergen avoidance for the primary prevention of these conditions. The evidence about the impact of allergen exposure among and among sensitized children with asthma is more consistent, and the combination of sensitization and high exposure to sensitizing allergen increases airway inflammation, triggers symptoms, adversely impacts upon disease control, and is associated with poorer lung function in preschool age. However, there are differing opinions about the role of inhalant allergen avoidance in asthma management, and recommendations differ in different guidelines. Evidence from more recent high-quality trials suggests that mite allergen-impermeable bed encasings reduce hospital attendance with asthma attacks and that multifaceted targeted environmental control improves asthma control in children. We therefore suggest a pragmatic approach to allergen avoidance in the management of childhood asthma for clinical practice, including the recommendations to: (1) tailor the intervention to the patient's sensitization and exposure status by using titer of allergen-specific IgE antibodies and/or the size of the skin test as indicators of potential response; (2) use a multifaceted allergen control regime to reduce exposure as much as possible; and (3) start intervention as early as possible upon diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Clare S Murray
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Unit, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection, and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Simpson
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Unit, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection, and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Perkin MR, Strachan DP. The hygiene hypothesis for allergy - conception and evolution. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:1051368. [PMID: 36506644 PMCID: PMC9731379 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1051368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1989, a short paper entitled "Hay fever, hygiene and household size" observed that British children from larger families were less likely to develop hay fever and suggested that this could be because early exposure to infection prevents allergy. This sibship size association for hay fever, since replicated many times in Britain and other affluent countries and confirmed by objective measures of atopy, prompted what has come to be known as the "hygiene hypothesis for allergy", although that term was not specifically used in the 1989 paper. The present paper reviews the historical roots of the "hygiene hypothesis" and charts its development over more than 30 years. Initial scepticism among immunologists turned to enthusiasm in the mid-1990s as the Th1/Th2 paradigm for allergic sensitisation emerged from animal experiments and the concept of "immunological old friends" became popular from the early 2000s. From the late 1990s, observations of reduced allergy risk among children of anthroposophic families and those brought up on farms suggested that the sibship size effects formed part of a broader range of "hygiene-related" determinants of allergy. Children from large families with farming exposure have approximately sixfold reduction in prevalence of hay fever, indicating the potential strength and epidemiological importance of these environmental determinants. During the 21st century, a wide range of specific microbial, environmental and lifestyle factors have been investigated as possible underlying mechanisms, but sadly none have emerged as robust explanations for the family size and farming effects. Thus, while the "hygiene hypothesis" led to a fundamental reappraisal of our relationship with our microbial environment and to the concept that early exposure, rather than avoidance, is beneficial for developing a healthy immune system, the underlying mechanism for variations in allergy prevalence with family size remains, in Churchillian terms, "a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma".
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Gültuna S. Clinical characteristics of cat sensitized adults, cat ownership and cat owners' attitudes. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022; 43:e65-e71. [PMID: 36335422 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.220066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cat allergen sensitization is a significant risk factor for allergic rhinitis and asthma. There are insufficient data on the preferences and attitudes of cat owners who have a cat allergy. Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of adults sensitized to cats and their association with cat ownership, and to assess owners' attitudes and behaviors. Methods: The study evaluated adult patients, ages between 19 and 74 years, who were sensitized to cat allergen as confirmed by skin-prick tests. The demographic and clinical data of the patients were obtained retrospectively from the hospital medical records system. A telephone interview with patients was conducted to evaluate whether they owned a cat and their attitudes toward cat allergy. A total of 143 patients who could not be reached by telephone or who refused to participate in the study were excluded. Patients were categorized into never owned a cat, early cat ownership (having a cat or cats in the first 2 years of the patient's life), and past and current cat ownership according to the status of patients at the time of their skin-prick test. Current cat owners were questioned whether they relinquished their cats and the presence and the degree of symptoms of both patients who relinquished their cats and patients who continued to live with their cats. Results: A total of 245 patients (women/men, 151/94) with a mean age of 31.56 ± 11.33 were included in the study. Eighty-three patients (33.9%) were current cat owners. After the skin-prick test, 54 cat owners (66.1%) continued living with their cats. Two-thirds of these owners were symptomatic, with 95% experiencing nasal symptoms. Only five of the patients with symptoms (14.3%) reported worsening symptoms. Any significant impact on symptoms was not determined with regard to number of cats, cat breeds, and precautionary measures. Conclusion: Cat allergen is a potential risk for public health. The clinician must engage in shared decision-making as to what type of environmental changes that the patient is willing to make and what treatment options, if any, they are ready to accept, recognizing that most patients will prefer to keep their cats.
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Qin L, Tang LF, Cheng L, Wang HY. The clinical significance of allergen-specific IgG4 in allergic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032909. [PMID: 36389804 PMCID: PMC9648126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG4 is a subclass of IgG antibody with a unique molecular feature of (Fragment antigen- binding) Fab-arm exchange, allowing bispecific antigen binding in a mono-valent manner. With low binding affinity to C1q and Fcγreceptors, IgG4 is incapable of forming immune complexes and activating the complement pathway, exhibiting a non-inflammatory feature. IgG4 is produced similarly to IgE and is considered a modified reaction to IgE class-switching response under certain conditions. It could also counteract IgE-activated inflammation. However, the clinical significance of IgG4 in allergic diseases is complex and controversial. Three viewpoints have been suggested to describe the role of IgG4. IgG4 can act as a tolerance-inducer to play a protective role under repeated and rapid incremental dosing of allergen exposure in allergen immunotherapy (AIT), supported by allergies in cat raisers and venom desensitization in beekeepers. Another viewpoint accepted by mainstream specialists and guidelines of Food Allergy and Management in different countries points out that food-specific IgG4 is a bystander in food allergy and should not be used as a diagnostic tool in clinical work. However, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) investigation revealed a direct clinical relevance between physiopathology and serum IgG4 in cow milk and wheat. These factors indicate that allergen-specific IgG4 plays a multifaceted role in allergic diseases that is protective or pathogenic depending on different allergens or exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- Department of Pulmonology, the Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Fang Tang
- Department of Pulmonology, the Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Ying Wang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Choi YJ, Seong S, Lee KS, Lee K, Seo H, Oh JW. Effects of mechanical washing and drying on the removal of pet allergens. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022; 43:e25-e30. [PMID: 35879023 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.220029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: In Korea, the number of households with indoor pets is rapidly increasing in parallel with changes in cultural lifestyles. The sensitization rate of pet allergens is also increasing in Korea. Objective: We evaluated the effectiveness of washing machines to remove dog and cat hair and their allergens. In addition, this study aimed to investigate whether only a mechanical dryer without mechanical washing could be used for pet allergen removal. Method: We brushed cats and dogs, and thereafter collected their hair and used a residential vacuum cleaner to obtain dust and other particulate matter from a household. The contents of the vacuum bag were sifted through a 300-μm sieve filter. Some of the contents were placed in phosphate-buffered saline solution with 0.5% Tween 20 to make a liquid extract. Hair, dust, and liquid extract-contaminated fabric samples after mechanical washing or after drying without mechanical washing were analyzed for pet allergens (Fel d l [cat], Can f 1 [dog]) by using a two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We assessed the remaining allergens in the contaminated fabrics after mechanical drying and washing. Results: The mean Fel d l and mean Can f 1 removal ratios after mechanical washing with detergent were > 99.99% for the dust, hair, and liquid extract. The removal ratios after mechanical washing without a detergent were lower for both Fel d 1 and Can f 1, for hair, dust, and their respective liquid extracts (p < 0.05). Mechanical drying was just as effective as mechanical washing with detergent for removing Can f 1 but was less effective for Fel d 1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Mechanical washing with detergent is important to remove pet allergens from contaminated fabrics. If washing is difficult, then using just a dryer without washing can be an alternative method to remove allergens from contaminated bedding or clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Choi
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Sujin Seong
- Advanced R&D Team, Digital Appliances, Samsung Electronics Company, Suwon, Korea; and
| | - Kyung Suk Lee
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Kisup Lee
- Advanced R&D Team, Digital Appliances, Samsung Electronics Company, Suwon, Korea; and
| | - Hyeongjoon Seo
- Advanced R&D Team, Digital Appliances, Samsung Electronics Company, Suwon, Korea; and
| | - Jae-Won Oh
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
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MacDonald M, Chang WC, Martin LJ, Khurana Hershey GK, Biagini JM. The Pediatric Asthma Risk Score: More does not mean better. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 128:729-730. [PMID: 35364242 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Missy MacDonald
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wan-Chi Chang
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Moustaki M, Loukou I, Tsabouri S, Douros K. The links between allergen exposure and sensitization in children and adolescents: an overview for the clinician. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:581-590. [PMID: 35502686 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2072297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The links between allergen exposure and sensitization are complex and depend not only on the type of allergen but on various genetic and environmental factors. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the link between allergen exposure and atopic sensitization for different types of allergens and the factors that mediate or affect this link. For the purposes of this review search of PubMed was undertaken to identify English language articles using the terms 'sensitization' and 'allergen exposure' and 'children/or adolescents.' EXPERT OPINION Regarding food sensitization, the available data for peanuts and eggs suggest that there is a window period between 4 and 6 months of age when the introduction of these foods may limit sensitization and clinically overt allergy to the respective foods. As far as it concerns aeroallergens, it seems that there is a complex and variable relationship between mite exposure and specific sensitization especially if the exposure occurs early in life. Early exposure to dog allergens does not seem to be associated with specific sensitization; regarding cats, the results are still inconsistent. Several factors may mediate the relationship between early exposure to allergens and the development of sensitization or clinical allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moustaki
- Cystic Fibrosis Department, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Loukou
- Cystic Fibrosis Department, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Tsabouri
- Child Health Department, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Douros
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Nugent WR, Daugherty L. A Measurement Equivalence Study of the Family Bondedness Scale: Measurement Equivalence Between Cat and Dog Owners. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:812922. [PMID: 35087893 PMCID: PMC8787268 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.812922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
About 38.4% of U.S. households include a dog, and 25.4% a cat, as pets, and a recent poll suggested over 90% of pet owners feel their companion animal is a family member. Numerous studies have suggested pet ownership has physical, mental, and social health benefits, though much of this research has yielded mixed results. Results of a recent review suggested significant measurement problems in human-animal interaction (HAI) and human-animal bond (HAB) research, including the absence of validity evidence, overly long measures, lack of evidence for measurement equivalence across species of pets, and measures lacking a basis in important psychological, family, and attachment theories. This article describes the development and results of a measurement equivalence study of a new measure of the HAB called the family bondedness scale (FBS). This scale, and the research results, address multiple gaps in HAB measurement. Results of multi-group confirmatory factor analyses with multiple covariates indicated the scores on the FBS showed equivalence between cat and dog owners. The use of the FBS in both veterinary research and practice, as well as in research and practice in other disciplines, such as social work and psychology, are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Nugent
- College of Social Work, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: William R. Nugent
| | - Linda Daugherty
- Social Work Office of Research and Public Service, College of Social Work, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Pinello KC, Palmieri C, Ruiz J, Zaidan Dagli ML, Niza-Ribeiro J. Risks and benefits of the interaction with companion animals. One Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822794-7.00012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Longitudinal atopic dermatitis endotypes: An atopic march paradigm that includes Black children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1702-1710.e4. [PMID: 34673050 PMCID: PMC9275099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atopic march has been studied mostly in White populations, biasing our current paradigms. OBJECTIVE We sought to define the atopic march in Black and White children and explore mechanisms for racial differences. METHODS Utilizing the Mechanisms of Progression of Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma in Children (MPAACH) cohort (n = 601), we assessed longitudinal sensitization, food allergy (FA), allergic rhinitis, risk of asthma development (through the Pediatric Asthma Risk Score), Scoring for Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), transepidermal water loss, skin filaggrin (FLG) expression, exposures, and genetic heritability to define AD progression endotypes in Black and White children. RESULTS White MPAACH children were more likely to be sensitized to aero and food allergens (P = .0001) and over 3 times more likely to develop FA and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) without asthma risk (P < .0001). In contrast, Black children were over 6 times more likely to proceed to high asthma risk without FA, sensitization, or AR (P < .0001). White children had higher lesional and nonlesional transepidermal water loss (both P < .001) as well as decreased nonlesional keratinocyte FLG expression (P = .02). Black children had increased genetic heritability for asthma risk and higher rates of exposures to secondhand smoke and traffic-related air pollution. CONCLUSIONS Black and White children with AD have distinct allergic trajectories defined by different longitudinal endotypes. Black children exhibit higher asthma risk despite a more intact skin barrier and less sensitization, FA, and AR. White children have less asthma risk, despite a more dysfunctional skin barrier, and more FA, AR, and sensitization. The observed racial differences are likely due in part to increased genetic heritability for asthma risk and harmful environmental exposures in Black children. Collectively, our findings provide a new paradigm for an atopic march that is inclusive of Black children.
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15
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An Overview of the Relevance of IgG4 Antibodies in Allergic Disease with a Focus on Food Allergens. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050418. [PMID: 34065166 PMCID: PMC8160978 DOI: 10.3390/children8050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies of the IgG4 isotype are strongly associated with allergic disease but have several properties such as not precipitating with allergens, not activating complement and poor binding to Fcγ receptors that argue against a pro-inflammatory role. In keeping with that, IgG4 antibodies are a striking feature of the response to immunotherapy. In two naturally occurring situations IgG4 antibodies are common with low or absent IgE antibodies. The first example is children raised in a house with a cat and the second is eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In many population-based cohorts, the ownership of a cat in early childhood is associated with a decreased prevalence of a cat allergy at age 10. The second example (i.e., EoE) is a novel form of food allergy that is not mediated by IgE and is related to consuming cow’s milk or wheat. In EoE, patients have IgG4 to milk proteins in high > 10 µg/mL or very high > 100 µg/mL titers. Enigmatically these patients are found to have deposits of IgG4 in the wall of their inflamed esophagus. The factors that have given rise to EoE remain unclear; however, changes in food processing over the past 50 years, particularly ultra-heat treatment and the high pressure homogenization of milk, represent a logical hypothesis.
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16
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The Composition and Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in Children Is Modifiable by the Household Dogs: Impact of a Canine-Specific Probiotic. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030557. [PMID: 33800493 PMCID: PMC8001081 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the infant gut microbiota is initiated during pregnancy and continued through early life and childhood, guided by the immediate environment of the child. Our aim was to characterize the shared microbiota between dogs and children as well as to determine whether introduction to dogs of a dog-specific probiotic combination modifies the transfer process. We studied 31 children from allergic families with pet dog(s) and 18 control families without a dog. Altogether 37 dogs were randomized for a 4-week period in a double-blind design to receive canine-derived probiotic product containing a mixture of L. fermentum, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus, or placebo. Fecal samples from children and dogs were taken before and after the treatment. Distinctive gut microbiota composition was observed in children with dogs compared to those without a dog, characterized by higher abundance of Bacteroides and short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae. Probiotic intervention in dogs had an impact on the composition of the gut microbiota in both dogs and children, characterized by a reduction in Bacteroides. We provide evidence for a direct effect of home environment and household pets on children microbiota and document that modification of dog microbiota by specific probiotics is reflected in children's microbiota.
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17
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Gio-Batta M, Sjöberg F, Jonsson K, Barman M, Lundell AC, Adlerberth I, Hesselmar B, Sandberg AS, Wold AE. Fecal short chain fatty acids in children living on farms and a link between valeric acid and protection from eczema. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22449. [PMID: 33384449 PMCID: PMC7775451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Children growing up on farms have low rates of allergy, but the mechanism for this protective effect has not been fully elucidated. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota may play a role in protection from allergy. We measured fecal SCFA levels in samples collected from 28 farming and 37 control children over the first 3 years of life using gas chromatography. Data on diet and other host factors were recorded and allergy was diagnosed at 8 years of age. Among all children, median propionic and butyric acid concentration increased over the first 3 years, and longer SCFAs typically appeared by 1 year of age. Farm children had higher levels of iso-butyric, iso-valeric and valeric acid at 3 years of age than rural controls. In addition, children with elder siblings had higher levels of valeric acid at 3 years of age, and dietary factors also affected SCFA pattern. High levels of valeric acid at 3 years of age were associated with low rate of eczema at 8 years of age. The fecal SCFA pattern in farm children suggests a more rapid maturation of the gut microbiota. Valeric acid or associated microbes may have protective potential against eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gio-Batta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Fei Sjöberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Jonsson
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Barman
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Adlerberth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bill Hesselmar
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Association between pet ownership and physical activity levels, atopic conditions, and mental health in Singapore: a propensity score-matched analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19898. [PMID: 33199739 PMCID: PMC7670461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although existing literature increasingly suggests a positive influence of pet ownership on human physical activity levels, results from many European, American, and Japanese studies have been inconsistent. How pet ownership impacts mental health and atopy is likewise controversial and whether distinct demographic subgroups experience differential effects is unclear. This cross-sectional study surveyed participants (n = 823) via a self-administered online questionnaire. Comparisons of outcomes between pet owners and non-pet owners with subgroup analyses were performed within a propensity score-matched subset (n = 566) of respondents. There were no differences in physical activity levels or mental health scores between pet owners and non-pet owners. In subgroup analyses, compared to non-pet owners, main pet caregivers reported 14.1 (95% CI 2.79–25.3) and 19.0 (95% CI 4.70–33.3) more minutes per week of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity respectively and higher SF-36 emotional well-being (β = 2.7, 95% CI 0.100–5.32) and energy scores (β = 3.8, 95% CI 0.410–7.27). Age was a significant effect modifier of the association between pet ownership and emotional well-being, energy and social functioning scores, with greater scores above the ages of 39, 35 and 39 years old respectively (interaction p = 0.043, 0.044, 0.042). Finally, pet acquisition was associated with worsening of allergic rhinitis, while pet ownership cessation was associated with improvement of allergic rhinitis and eczema symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the public health impact of pet ownership in Southeast Asia and its findings add contextual nuance to suggest potential benefits derived from pet ownership.
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19
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Won JY, Kwon JW, Hong SN, Lee WH. Age Differences in Pet Sensitization by Pet Ownership. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 14:210-216. [PMID: 32911877 PMCID: PMC8111394 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2020.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between pet sensitization and pet ownership remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the association between pet sensitization and pet ownership by age. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 2,883 patients who visited our allergy clinic for nasal symptoms from January 2003 to December 2014, of whom 1,957 patients with data on skin-prick tests and questionnaire responses were included and divided into adults (age >19 years) and children (age ≤19 years). The association between pet sensitization and pet ownership was evaluated in both groups. RESULTS Among children, dog and cat sensitization showed no associations with dog and cat ownership, respectively. However, among adults, dog sensitization was significantly associated with dog ownership (odds ratio [OR], 3.283; P<0.001), and cat sensitization with cat ownership (OR, 13.732; P<0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, familial history of allergy, sinusitis, diabetes mellitus, other pet ownership, and non-pet sensitization, significant associations remained between dog sensitization and dog ownership (adjusted OR [aOR], 3.881; P<0.001), and between cat sensitization and cat ownership (aOR, 10.804; P<0.001) among adults. Dog ownership did not show any association with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis, whereas atopic dermatitis had a significant association with cat ownership in adults (aOR, 4.840; P<0.001). CONCLUSION Pet ownership in adulthood increased the risk of pet sensitization. However, pet ownership was not associated with the prevalence of atopic disorders, regardless of age, except for atopic dermatitis and cat ownership in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yeon Won
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jea-Woo Kwon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung-No Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
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20
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Gao X, Yin M, Yang P, Li X, Di L, Wang W, Cui H, Yan X, Liu J. Effect of Exposure to Cats and Dogs on the Risk of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020; 34:703-714. [PMID: 32564683 DOI: 10.1177/1945892420932487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversies persist regarding whether exposure to cat or dog increases the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to assess the associations between exposure to cats or dogs and the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis. METHODS A systematic review was performed to identify case-control and cohort studies before May 2019, evaluating the association between exposure to cats and dogs and the risk of asthma and rhinitis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The odds ratios (ORs) and risk ratios (RRs) were pooled for case-control and cohort studies, respectively. Subgroup analyses were performed on prespecified study-level characteristics. RESULTS The meta-analysis of 34 cohort studies showed a protective role of exposure to cats [RR: 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77-0.99] or dogs (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-0.97) in the development of asthma. The subgroup analysis of birth cohort (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56-0.93) and children population (RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.96) also suggested a favorable role of exposure to dogs in the development of asthma. Pooled evidence from 13 case-control studies indicated no significant impact of cats (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 0.39-2.94) and dogs (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.92-1.52) on the development of asthma. A pooled analysis of five cohort studies showed a favorable effect of exposure to cats (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.33-0.86) or dogs (RR: 0.68, 95% CI 0.44-0.90) on the development of allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION The findings indicated a protective effect of exposure to cats and dogs, especially ownership, on the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mei Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lingling Di
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hua Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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21
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Taniguchi Y, Yamazaki S, Michikawa T, Nakayama SF, Sekiyama M, Nitta H, Mezawa H, Saito-Abe M, Oda M, Mitsubuchi H, Sanefuji M, Ohga S, Mise N, Ikegami A, Shimono M, Suga R. Associations of dog and cat ownership with wheezing and asthma in children: Pilot study of the Japan Environment and children's study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232604. [PMID: 32407337 PMCID: PMC7224482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives No previous study has used repeated measures data to examine the associations of dog/cat ownership with wheezing and asthma prevalence among children. This prospective study used repeated measurers analysis to determine whether dog/cat ownership in childhood is an independent risk factor for wheezing and asthma, after adjustment for gestational, socio-economical, and demographical confounders confounders, in Japan. Methods We conducted a multicenter pilot study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) during 2009–2010. Among 440 newborn infants enrolled, 410 (52.8% males) were evaluated for dog/cat ownership in the home and history of wheezing and asthma in five follow-up questionnaire surveys (until age 6 years). Dog/cat ownership during follow-up period was categorized into four groups: 7.6% were long-term dog/cat owners, 5.9% were toddler-age owners, 5.9% were preschool-age owners, and 80.7% were never owners. Results The prevalence of wheezing during follow-up period increased from 20.8% to 35.4% and the prevalence of asthma increased from 1.3% to 16.3%. A fitted logistic generalized estimating equation models including important confounders showed no significant associations of the interaction between dog and/or cat ownership and follow-up time with the risks of wheezing and asthma. However, the risks of wheezing and asthma were slightly lower for long-term and toddler-age dog/cat owners than for preschool-age and never owners. Conclusions The present findings suggest that dog and cat ownership from toddler-age does not increase the risks of wheezing and asthma compared with never owners among Japanese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Taniguchi
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takehiro Michikawa
- Department of Enviromental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji F. Nakayama
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makiko Sekiyama
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Mezawa
- Medical Research Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayako Saito-Abe
- Medical Research Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Oda
- The South Kyushu and Okinawa Unit Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitsubuchi
- Department of Neonatology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sanefuji
- Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nathan Mise
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ikegami
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimono
- Department of ECO & CHILD subunit center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Reiko Suga
- Department of ECO & CHILD subunit center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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22
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Kates AE, Jarrett O, Skarlupka JH, Sethi A, Duster M, Watson L, Suen G, Poulsen K, Safdar N. Household Pet Ownership and the Microbial Diversity of the Human Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:73. [PMID: 32185142 PMCID: PMC7058978 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has a great deal of interpersonal variation due to both endogenous and exogenous factors, like household pet exposure. To examine the relationship between having a pet in the home and the composition and diversity of the adult gut microbiome, we conducted a case-control study nested in a larger, statewide study, the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin. Stool samples were collected from 332 participants from unique households and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq. One hundred and seventy-eight participants had some type of pet in the home with dogs and cats being the most prevalent. We observed no difference in alpha and beta diversity between those with and without pets, though seven OTUs were significantly more abundant in those without pets compared to those with pets, and four were significantly more abundant in those with pets. When stratifying by age, seven of these remained significant. These results suggest that pet ownership is associated with differences in the human gut microbiota. Further research is needed to better characterize the effect of pet ownership on the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Kates
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Omar Jarrett
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joseph H. Skarlupka
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ajay Sethi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Megan Duster
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lauren Watson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Keith Poulsen
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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23
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Milanzi EB, Koppelman GH, Smit HA, Wijga AH, Vonk JM, Brunekreef B, Gehring U. Timing of secondhand smoke, pet, dampness or mould exposure and lung function in adolescence. Thorax 2019; 75:153-163. [PMID: 31748257 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relevance of timing of exposure in the associations of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS), pets, and dampness or mould exposure with lung function is unclear. We investigated the relevance of timing of these exposures for lung function in adolescence. METHODS We used data from participants of the Dutch Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) cohort with spirometric measurements at ages 12 and 16 years (n=552). Data on residential exposure to SHS, pets, and dampness or mould were obtained by repeated parental questionnaires. We characterised timing of exposure through longitudinal patterns using latent class growth modelling and assessed associations of these patterns with FEV1 and FVC at ages 12 and 16 and FEV1 and FVC growth between ages 12 and 16 using linear regression models. RESULTS Childhood SHS exposure was associated with reduced FEV1 growth/year (95% CI) (-0.34% (-0.64% to -0.04%)). Late childhood and early life pet exposure was associated with increased FEV1 growth (0.41% (0.14% to 0.67%)) and reduced FVC growth (-0.28% (-0.53% to -0.03%)), respectively, compared with very low exposure. Early life dampness or mould exposure was associated with reduced lung function growth. All time windows of SHS exposure tended to be associated with lower attained lung function and pet exposure tended to be associated with higher FEV1. CONCLUSION SHS exposure during childhood could lead to reduced lung function growth and lower attained lung function in adolescence. While pet exposure in late childhood may not adversely affect lung function, early childhood pet exposure may slow down FVC growth in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith B Milanzi
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette A Smit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alet H Wijga
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The human microbiome plays a number of critical roles in host physiology. Evidence from longitudinal cohort studies and animal models strongly supports the theory that maldevelopment of the microbiome in early life can programme later-life disease. The early-life microbiome develops in a clear stepwise manner over the first 3 years of life. During this highly dynamic time, insults such as antibiotic use and formula feeding can adversely affect the composition and temporal development of the microbiome. Such experiences predispose infants for the development of chronic health conditions later in life. This review highlights key factors that disrupt the early-life microbiome and highlights major non-communicable diseases which are underpinned by early-life dysbiosis.
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25
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Satyaraj E, Wedner HJ, Bousquet J. Keep the cat, change the care pathway: A transformational approach to managing Fel d 1, the major cat allergen. Allergy 2019; 74 Suppl 107:5-17. [PMID: 31498459 PMCID: PMC7156987 DOI: 10.1111/all.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Allergies to cats are the most common animal‐origin allergy, and affect approximately 1 in 5 adults worldwide. The prevalence of allergy to furry animals has been increasing, and allergy to cats is a major risk factor for the development of asthma and rhinitis. The diagnosis of cat allergy is now well established. The exact significance of component‐resolved diagnosis in the diagnosis of cat allergy remains to be fully understood. Allergen avoidance is effective but often has a psychologic impact. Allergen immunotherapy is not well demonstrated. There is a need for innovative approaches to better manage cat allergens. Next‐generation care pathways for asthma and rhinitis will define the place of cat allergen avoidance. Methods and Results This manuscript, based on content presented at the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Congress 2019, provides information on the prevalence and impact of cat allergies and the molecular biology of Fel d 1, the major cat allergen. Discussion The authors present the scientific basis of a novel care pathway that utilizes anti‐Fel d 1 IgY antibodies to safely and effectively neutralize Fel d 1 after its production by the cat but before human exposure. Conclusion Efficacy of a feline diet with an egg product ingredient containing anti‐Fel d 1 IgY antibodies was demonstrated in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo, and further validated by a pilot exposure study involving cat‐allergic human participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold James Wedner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Jean Bousquet
- University Hospital Montpellier France
- MACVIA‐France Fondation partenariale FMC VIA‐LR Montpellier France
- INSERM U 1168 VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches Villejuif France
- UMR‐S 1168 Université Versailles St‐Quentin‐en‐Yvelines Montigny le Bretonneux France
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
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26
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Al-Tamprouri C, Malin B, Bill H, Lennart B, Anna S. Cat and dog ownership during/after the first year of life and risk for sensitization and reported allergy symptoms at age 13. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2019; 7:250-257. [PMID: 31464382 PMCID: PMC6842813 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avoidance of pets as a strategy for preventing atopic diseases has been questioned. This study aimed to identify the risk of sensitization and allergic symptoms at age 13 in relation to dog- and cat-keeping during and after the first year of life. METHODS The study included all children born at Östersund Hospital in Northern Sweden between February 1996 and January 1997 (n = 1231). At inclusion, parents were asked to answer questionnaires about lifestyle, including cat- and dog-keeping. Dog allergy, cat allergy, hay fever, and asthma were diagnosed based on parental reported allergic symptoms at 13 years of age (n = 834). The risks of sensitization or allergy in relation to dog- and cat-keeping during and after the first year of life were analyzed with logistic regression. To adjust for reverse causation, all subjects that had reported avoidance of pets due to allergic symptoms of the child or allergy in the family (n = 177) were excluded. RESULTS Dog- or cat-keeping during the first year of life reduced the risk of sensitization to dog or cat allergens, respectively, and to birch and to at least one of the 10 allergens tested. Cat-keeping, both during and after the first year of life, reduced the risk of cat allergy and hay fever. Having a dog at home during the first year of life reduced the risk of dog and cat allergy, whereas dog-keeping after the first year of life did not affect allergic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Cat ownership, either during or after the first year of life, may be a strategy for preventing the development of cat allergy and hay fever later in life. Dog ownership reduced the risk of sensitization to dog and birch allergen, and also the risk of cat and dog allergy, but had no effect on hay fever.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barman Malin
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hesselmar Bill
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bråbäck Lennart
- Section of Sustainable Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sandin Anna
- Department of Clinical Science, Paediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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27
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Milanzi EB, Koppelman GH, Smit HA, Wijga AH, Vonk JM, Brunekreef B, Gehring U. Role of timing of exposure to pets and dampness or mould on asthma and sensitization in adolescence. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1352-1361. [PMID: 31336400 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pet and dampness or mould exposure are considered risk factors for asthma and sensitization. It is unclear whether timing of exposure to these factors is differentially associated with asthma risk and sensitization in adolescence. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of timing of pet and dampness or mould exposure in asthma and sensitization in adolescence. Understanding this role is essential to build targeted prevention strategies. METHODS We used data from 1871 participants of the Dutch Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) cohort. Residential exposure to pets, dampness or mould was assessed by repeated parental questionnaires. We used asthma data from the 17-year questionnaire and sensitization data from the 16-year medical examination. We characterized timing using longitudinal exposure patterns from pregnancy till age 17 using longitudinal latent class growth modelling. We used logistic regression models to analyse associations of exposure patterns with asthma at age 17 and sensitization at age 16. RESULTS For none of the time windows, exposure to pets and dampness or mould was associated with asthma at age 17, but a lower sensitization risk at age 16 was suggested, for example the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for sensitization was 0.63 (0.35-1.11) and 0.69 (0.44-1.08) for early life and persistently high pet exposure, respectively, compared with very low exposure. An inverse association was also suggested for sensitization and moderate early childhood dampness or mould exposure (0.71 [0.42-1.19]). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Different timing of pet and dampness or mould exposure was not associated with asthma, but lower risk of sensitization in adolescence was suggested, which could be partly attributable to reversed causation. Current findings are not sufficient to recommend pet avoidance to prevent allergic disease. More prospective studies are needed to obtain insights that can be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith B Milanzi
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette A Smit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alet H Wijga
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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28
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Kim H, Sitarik AR, Woodcroft K, Johnson CC, Zoratti E. Birth Mode, Breastfeeding, Pet Exposure, and Antibiotic Use: Associations With the Gut Microbiome and Sensitization in Children. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019; 19:22. [PMID: 30859338 PMCID: PMC7376540 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-019-0851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The infant gut microbiota has become a focus of multiple epidemiologic and cohort studies. This microbiome is derived from the mother (via the vaginal canal, maternal skin contact, breastfeeding, and possibly in utero microbial transfer) and is likely influenced by multiple external factors. It is now believed by some experts that colonization and formation of the newborn and alterations of gut microbiota in children are dependent on earlier alterations of the microbiota of mothers during or perhaps even before pregnancy. This review will focus on specific factors (pet keeping, breastfeeding, antibiotic use, and mode of delivery) that influence the infant gut microbiome and atopy. RECENT FINDINGS This is a review of recent literature describing how pet keeping, breastfeeding, antibiotic use, and mode of delivery influences and changes the infant gut microbiome and atopy. General trends in gut microbiota differences have emerged in different birth cohorts when each external factor is analyzed, but consistency between studies is difficult to replicate. The aforementioned factors do not seem to confer an overwhelming risk for development of atopy alone. This review provides a comprehensive review of early life environmental factors and their influence on the infant gut microbiome and atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health System, WSU School of Medicine, One Ford Place 4B, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Alexandra R Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kimberley Woodcroft
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Edward Zoratti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health System, WSU School of Medicine, One Ford Place 4B, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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29
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Hesselmar B, Hicke-Roberts A, Lundell AC, Adlerberth I, Rudin A, Saalman R, Wennergren G, Wold AE. Pet-keeping in early life reduces the risk of allergy in a dose-dependent fashion. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208472. [PMID: 30566481 PMCID: PMC6300190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Several studies have indicated that early pet keeping could protect the infant from later allergy development. Here, we investigate if there is a dose-dependent association between cat- and dog-keeping during the first year of life and subsequent allergy development. Methods Two cohorts were investigated: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of 7- to 8-year-old children (N = 1029) from Mölndal and Kiruna, and a birth-cohort of children from the Västra Götaland county clinically evaluated for asthma and allergy by paediatricians up to the age of 8–9 years (N = 249). The cross-sectional study asked validated questions on asthma and allergy that had been used in two previous studies of children from the same areas. In the birth-cohort study, a diagnosis of asthma and allergy was based on predefined clinical criteria, and laboratory evaluation included blood eosinophils, skin-prick tests and specific immunoglobulin E analyses. Information on pets during first year of life was collected retrospectively in the Cross-Sectional Cohort and prospectively in the Birth Cohort. Results A dose-response association was seen, with less allergic manifestations (any of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, or eczema) with increasing number of household cats and dogs during the first year of life. In the Cross-Sectional Cohort, allergy ever decreased from 49% in those with no pets to zero in those with five or more pets (P-value for trend 0.038), and from 32% to zero for allergy last year (P-value for trend 0.006). The same pattern was seen in Birth Cohort. Sensitization to animals, as well as pollens, also decreased with increasing number of animals in the household. Conclusion The prevalence of allergic disease in children aged 7–9 years is reduced in a dose-dependent fashion with the number of household pets living with the child during their first year of life, suggesting a “mini-farm” effect, whereby cats and dogs protect against allergy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Hesselmar
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Hicke-Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Adlerberth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Rudin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Saalman
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wennergren
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes E. Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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Loo EXL, Chew LJM, Zulkifli AB, Ta LDH, Kuo IC, Goh A, Teoh OH, Van Bever H, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Tan KH, Chong YS, Lee BW, Shek LPC. Comparison of microbiota and allergen profile in house dust from homes of allergic and non-allergic subjects- results from the GUSTO study. World Allergy Organ J 2018; 11:37. [PMID: 30534340 PMCID: PMC6280478 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-018-0212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of allergic diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and food allergy, has been increasing worldwide, as shown in a large number of studies, including the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). However, there is significant variation in the prevalence of these diseases in different regions, suggesting that there may be location-specific factors such as environment and microbial exposure affecting allergic disease prevalence. Hence, in this study we determine if there is a difference in microbiota composition and allergen concentration of household dust collected from the homes of non-allergic and allergic subjects from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Methods From the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort, 25 allergic subjects and 25 non-allergic subjects were selected at the year 5.5 follow up. Definitions of allergic outcomes were standardized in the questionnaires administered at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months to ensure consistency during interviews and home visits. Allergen sensitization was determined by skin prick testing (SPT) at 18, 36 and 60 months. Dust samples were collected from the subject’s bed, sofa, and play area. DNA extraction was carried out and V3-V4 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. Protein extraction was performed and allergens assayed by using multiplex assay and ELISA. Results The most abundant phyla in house dust were Actinobacteria (29.8%), Firmicutes (27.7%), and Proteobacteria (22.4%). Although there were no differences in bacteria abundance and diversity between house dust samples of allergic and non-allergic subjects, the relative abundance of Anaplasmataceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Leptospiraceae were significantly higher in dust samples of allergic subjects as compared to non-allergic subjects in 2 or more locations. The concentration of Der p 1 was significantly lower in bed dust samples of allergic subjects (Median [Interquartile range], 174 ng/g [115–299 ng/g]) as compared to non-allergic subjects (309 ng/g [201–400 ng/g]; P < 0.05). The concentration of tropomyosin was significantly higher in sofa dust samples of allergic subjects (175 ng/g [145–284 ng/g] as compared to non-allergic subjects (116 ng/g [52.8–170 ng/g]; P < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, we found a differential microbiota and allergen profile between homes of allergic and non-allergic subjects. Trial registration NCT01174875 Registered 1 July 2010, retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40413-018-0212-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- 1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lamony Jian Ming Chew
- 2Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Atiqa Binte Zulkifli
- 2Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Le Duc Huy Ta
- 2Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - I-Chun Kuo
- 2Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Goh
- 3Allergy Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- 10Respiratory Medicine Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hugo Van Bever
- 2Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,7Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- 5Growth, Development and Metabolism Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,6Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabian Yap
- 9Department of Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- 8Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- 1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,4Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- 2Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- 1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,2Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,7Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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31
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Stewart CJ, Ajami NJ, O'Brien JL, Hutchinson DS, Smith DP, Wong MC, Ross MC, Lloyd RE, Doddapaneni H, Metcalf GA, Muzny D, Gibbs RA, Vatanen T, Huttenhower C, Xavier RJ, Rewers M, Hagopian W, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, She JX, Akolkar B, Lernmark A, Hyoty H, Vehik K, Krischer JP, Petrosino JF. Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study. Nature 2018; 562:583-588. [PMID: 30356187 PMCID: PMC6415775 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1026] [Impact Index Per Article: 171.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of the microbiome from infancy to childhood is dependent on a range of factors, with microbial-immune crosstalk during this time thought to be involved in the pathobiology of later life diseases1-9 such as persistent islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes10-12. However, to our knowledge, no studies have performed extensive characterization of the microbiome in early life in a large, multi-centre population. Here we analyse longitudinal stool samples from 903 children between 3 and 46 months of age by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (n = 12,005) and metagenomic sequencing (n = 10,867), as part of the The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. We show that the developing gut microbiome undergoes three distinct phases of microbiome progression: a developmental phase (months 3-14), a transitional phase (months 15-30), and a stable phase (months 31-46). Receipt of breast milk, either exclusive or partial, was the most significant factor associated with the microbiome structure. Breastfeeding was associated with higher levels of Bifidobacterium species (B. breve and B. bifidum), and the cessation of breast milk resulted in faster maturation of the gut microbiome, as marked by the phylum Firmicutes. Birth mode was also significantly associated with the microbiome during the developmental phase, driven by higher levels of Bacteroides species (particularly B. fragilis) in infants delivered vaginally. Bacteroides was also associated with increased gut diversity and faster maturation, regardless of the birth mode. Environmental factors including geographical location and household exposures (such as siblings and furry pets) also represented important covariates. A nested case-control analysis revealed subtle associations between microbial taxonomy and the development of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. These data determine the structural and functional assembly of the microbiome in early life and provide a foundation for targeted mechanistic investigation into the consequences of microbial-immune crosstalk for long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Stewart
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline L O'Brien
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diane S Hutchinson
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel P Smith
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew C Wong
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew C Ross
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard E Lloyd
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ginger A Metcalf
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anette-G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technische Universität München, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ake Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Heikki Hyoty
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Biosciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kendra Vehik
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Associations between sensitization to perennial/seasonal allergens and childhood asthma. Allergol Select 2018; 2:151-155. [PMID: 31826040 PMCID: PMC6881861 DOI: 10.5414/alx01882e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood asthma is an important public health problem worldwide. Risk factors for asthma development include allergic sensitization and exposure to animals. Objective: To identify which (perennial or seasonal) inhalant allergens are associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study. We evaluated data from medical documentation of 6,000 children (aged 6 – 18 years) with diagnosed asthma and/or allergic rhinitis who had attended our allergy outpatient clinic. Into the analyses we included those subjects who had specific IgE test done during diagnostic procedures to confirm allergen sensitization. Results: We included 5,076 children in the analysis. We showed that among seasonal allergens only sensitization to timothy or birch significantly changed the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma diagnosis. Of the perennial allergens, house dust mite or cat were most closely related with both allergic rhinitis and asthma. Results of ROC curve analysis showed that in atopic children the specific IgE level of seasonal allergens did not significantly change the prevalence of asthma diagnosis. Sensitization to more than one perennial allergen significantly increased the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Conclusion: We showed that sensitization to the seasonal allergens timothy and birch as well as to the perennial allergens house dust mite and cat, is associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in children. Our study determined the role of multiple perennial indoor allergens in the developement of allergic diseases in children. The identification of the specific allergens makes them potential targets for intervention and prevention strategies.
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Luo S, Sun Y, Hou J, Kong X, Wang P, Zhang Q, Sundell J. Pet keeping in childhood and asthma and allergy among children in Tianjin area, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197274. [PMID: 29768461 PMCID: PMC5955563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to find out the relationship between pet keeping in childhood and asthma and allergy among children aged 0–8 years old in Tianjin, China. Parental or guardians reports of 7360 children were analyzed. 1490 (21.6%) families kept pets at the time of the survey (current), among them 4.0% cats, and 14.7% dogs. For the first year of life of children (early), 1196 (18.4%) families kept pets, and among them 3.2% cats, and 13.7% dogs. Exposure to a pet in early childhood significantly increased the risk of current wheeze, current dry cough, and diagnosed rhinitis. 17.9% of parents reported an avoidance behavior, i.e., had removed or refrained a pet due to asthma or allergy in the family. After adjustment for avoidance behavior, the negative effect of pet keeping on children’s health became even more obvious, with e.g. an AOR of 3.37 (1.58–7.19) for diagnosed asthma, 3.60 (2.07–6.27) for diagnosed rhinitis, 1.92 (1.31–2.81) for diagnosed eczema. A dose-response relationship between pet keeping at current and current wheeze, current eczema and diagnosed eczema was found. In conclusion, pet exposure in early life of children in Tianjin is a risk factor for asthma and allergies among children aged 0–8 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugang Luo
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jing Hou
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingnan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jan Sundell
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Exposure and Sensitization to Pets Modify Endotoxin Association with Asthma and Wheeze. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:2006-2013.e4. [PMID: 29684578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pets are major contributors of endotoxin in homes, but whether they influence endotoxin association with respiratory outcomes is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine whether exposure and sensitization to dog and cat modify the relationship between endotoxin exposure and asthma and wheeze. METHODS We analyzed data from 6051 participants in the 2005-2006 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). House dust from bedroom floor and bedding was evaluated for endotoxin and for dog (Canis familiaris 1) and cat (Feline domesticus 1) allergens. The NHANES also collected data on respiratory outcomes and measured IgE specific to allergens. Associations of log-endotoxin and pet exposure with respiratory outcomes were examined, adjusting for covariates including pet avoidance. RESULTS Dog and cat ownership among participants was 48.3% and 37.5%, respectively. Endotoxin geometric mean (SE) was 15.49 (0.50) EU/mg. Endotoxin and pet allergen levels were significantly higher in households with a dog or cat. Overall, endotoxin was positively associated with wheeze (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62), but not with asthma. However, in participants nonsensitized to dog, the odds of endotoxin association with wheeze were higher with exposure to dog allergen (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.27-2.53; Pinteraction = .048). In participants sensitized to cat and exposed to cat allergen, endotoxin became positively associated with asthma (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.21-3.0; Pinteraction = .040). With coexposure to dog and cat allergens, endotoxin association with asthma and wheeze was exacerbated (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.04-3.83; Pinteraction = .012 and OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.32-2.66; Pinteraction = .016, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to dog and cat allergens enhances the association of endotoxin with asthma and wheeze.
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Bonnet B, Messaoudi K, Jacomet F, Michaud E, Fauquert JL, Caillaud D, Evrard B. An update on molecular cat allergens: Fel d 1 and what else? Chapter 1: Fel d 1, the major cat allergen. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29643919 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0239-8.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Cats are the major source of indoor inhalant allergens after house dust mites. The global incidence of cat allergies is rising sharply, posing a major public health problem. Ten cat allergens have been identified. The major allergen responsible for symptoms is Fel d 1, a secretoglobin and not a lipocalin, making the cat a special case among mammals. Main body Given its clinical predominance, it is essential to have a good knowledge of this allergenic fraction, including its basic structure, to understand the new exciting diagnostic and therapeutic applications currently in development. The recent arrival of the component-resolved diagnosis, which uses molecular allergens, represents a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of the disease. Recombinant Fel d 1 is now available for in vitro diagnosis by the anti-Fel d 1 specific IgE assay. The first part of the review will seek to describe the recent advances related to Fel d 1 in terms of positive diagnosis and assessment of disease severity. In daily practice, anti-Fel d 1 IgE tend to replace those directed against the overall extract but is this attitude justified? We will look at the most recent arguments to try to answer this question. In parallel, a second revolution is taking place thanks to molecular engineering, which has allowed the development of various forms of recombinant Fel d 1 and which seeks to modify the immunomodulatory properties of the molecule and thus the clinical history of the disease via various modalities of anti-Fel d 1-specific immunotherapy. We will endeavor to give a clear and practical overview of all these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bonnet
- 1Laboratoire d'Immunologie, ECREIN, UMR1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,2Service d'Immunologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - K Messaoudi
- 3Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - F Jacomet
- 4Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - E Michaud
- 5Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J L Fauquert
- 5Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Caillaud
- 6Service de Pneumologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Evrard
- 1Laboratoire d'Immunologie, ECREIN, UMR1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,2Service d'Immunologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Bonnet B, Messaoudi K, Jacomet F, Michaud E, Fauquert JL, Caillaud D, Evrard B. An update on molecular cat allergens: Fel d 1 and what else? Chapter 1: Fel d 1, the major cat allergen. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018; 14:14. [PMID: 29643919 PMCID: PMC5891966 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cats are the major source of indoor inhalant allergens after house dust mites. The global incidence of cat allergies is rising sharply, posing a major public health problem. Ten cat allergens have been identified. The major allergen responsible for symptoms is Fel d 1, a secretoglobin and not a lipocalin, making the cat a special case among mammals. Main body Given its clinical predominance, it is essential to have a good knowledge of this allergenic fraction, including its basic structure, to understand the new exciting diagnostic and therapeutic applications currently in development. The recent arrival of the component-resolved diagnosis, which uses molecular allergens, represents a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of the disease. Recombinant Fel d 1 is now available for in vitro diagnosis by the anti-Fel d 1 specific IgE assay. The first part of the review will seek to describe the recent advances related to Fel d 1 in terms of positive diagnosis and assessment of disease severity. In daily practice, anti-Fel d 1 IgE tend to replace those directed against the overall extract but is this attitude justified? We will look at the most recent arguments to try to answer this question. In parallel, a second revolution is taking place thanks to molecular engineering, which has allowed the development of various forms of recombinant Fel d 1 and which seeks to modify the immunomodulatory properties of the molecule and thus the clinical history of the disease via various modalities of anti-Fel d 1-specific immunotherapy. We will endeavor to give a clear and practical overview of all these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bonnet
- 1Laboratoire d'Immunologie, ECREIN, UMR1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,2Service d'Immunologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - K Messaoudi
- 3Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - F Jacomet
- 4Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - E Michaud
- 5Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J L Fauquert
- 5Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Caillaud
- 6Service de Pneumologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Evrard
- 1Laboratoire d'Immunologie, ECREIN, UMR1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,2Service d'Immunologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Wise SK, Lin SY, Toskala E, Orlandi RR, Akdis CA, Alt JA, Azar A, Baroody FM, Bachert C, Canonica GW, Chacko T, Cingi C, Ciprandi G, Corey J, Cox LS, Creticos PS, Custovic A, Damask C, DeConde A, DelGaudio JM, Ebert CS, Eloy JA, Flanagan CE, Fokkens WJ, Franzese C, Gosepath J, Halderman A, Hamilton RG, Hoffman HJ, Hohlfeld JM, Houser SM, Hwang PH, Incorvaia C, Jarvis D, Khalid AN, Kilpeläinen M, Kingdom TT, Krouse H, Larenas-Linnemann D, Laury AM, Lee SE, Levy JM, Luong AU, Marple BF, McCoul ED, McMains KC, Melén E, Mims JW, Moscato G, Mullol J, Nelson HS, Patadia M, Pawankar R, Pfaar O, Platt MP, Reisacher W, Rondón C, Rudmik L, Ryan M, Sastre J, Schlosser RJ, Settipane RA, Sharma HP, Sheikh A, Smith TL, Tantilipikorn P, Tversky JR, Veling MC, Wang DY, Westman M, Wickman M, Zacharek M. International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:108-352. [PMID: 29438602 PMCID: PMC7286723 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR) literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this knowledge to clinical care of the AR patient. To evaluate the existing AR literature, international multidisciplinary experts with an interest in AR have produced the International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR:AR). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to AR. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) format as dictated by available evidence and purpose within the ICAR:AR document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:AR document was synthesized and reviewed by all authors for consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:AR document addresses over 100 individual topics related to AR, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, disease burden, risk factors for the development of AR, allergy testing modalities, treatment, and other conditions/comorbidities associated with AR. CONCLUSION This critical review of the AR literature has identified several strengths; providers can be confident that treatment decisions are supported by rigorous studies. However, there are also substantial gaps in the AR literature. These knowledge gaps should be viewed as opportunities for improvement, as often the things that we teach and the medicine that we practice are not based on the best quality evidence. This document aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the AR literature to identify areas for future AR research and improved understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Allergy/Asthma, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Switzerland
| | | | - Antoine Azar
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cemal Cingi
- Otolaryngology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam DeConde
- Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Gosepath
- Otorhinolaryngology, Helios Kliniken Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jens M. Hohlfeld
- Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Airway Research Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, German Center for Lung Research, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amber U. Luong
- Otolaryngology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erik Melén
- Pediatric Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | | | - Joaquim Mullol
- Otolaryngology, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Pfaar
- Rhinology/Allergy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | - Carmen Rondón
- Allergy, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Spain
| | - Luke Rudmik
- Otolaryngology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern, USA
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiminez Diaz, Spain
| | | | | | - Hemant P. Sharma
- Allergy/Immunology, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - De Yun Wang
- Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Shargorodsky J, Garcia-Esquinas E, Umanskiy R, Navas-Acien A, Lin SY. Household pet exposure, allergic sensitization, and rhinitis in the U.S. population. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2017; 7:645-651. [PMID: 28544629 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of animal dander exposure on allergic sensitization may be age-dependent. A comparison between the association of the levels of exposure to pet allergen with rhinitis symptoms and allergic sensitization in children and adults is yet to be performed in the U.S. POPULATION METHODS Cross-sectional study of 3034 adults (age, 20 to 85 years) and 2104 children (age, 6 to 19 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006. Samples of household dust were collected to measure the amounts of indoor allergens in the participants' homes. Self-reported rhinitis was based on symptoms during the past 12 months, and allergen sensitization was defined as a positive response to any of the 19 specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antigens tested. RESULTS Higher levels of exposure to dog dander were associated with a higher prevalence of any allergic sensitization in adults (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.39), but a lower prevalence in children (PR 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.096), p-interaction by age group 0.02. Cat exposure was associated with an increased prevalence of rhinitis symptoms in adults (PR for the 3rd vs lowest tertile of cat dander concentrations: 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.23) but not in children (PR for the 3rd vs lowest tertile of cat dander IgE concentrations: 0.86; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.07), p-interaction 0.01. CONCLUSION Allergic sensitization and symptomatic response to pet dander exposure may vary based on age. Further studies are necessary to assess the mechanisms for these apparent differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Garcia-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacíon Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz) and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sandra Y Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Tun HM, Konya T, Takaro TK, Brook JR, Chari R, Field CJ, Guttman DS, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Sears MR, Scott JA, Kozyrskyj AL. Exposure to household furry pets influences the gut microbiota of infant at 3-4 months following various birth scenarios. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:40. [PMID: 28381231 PMCID: PMC5382463 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposure to household pets has the capacity to reduce risk for overweight and allergic disease, especially following caesarean delivery. Since there is some evidence that pets also alter the gut microbial composition of infants, changes to the gut microbiome are putative pathways by which pet exposure can reduce these risks to health. To investigate the impact of pre- and postnatal pet exposure on infant gut microbiota following various birth scenarios, this study employed a large subsample of 746 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Study (CHILD) cohort, whose mothers were enrolled during pregnancy between 2009 and 2012. Participating mothers were asked to report on household pet ownership at recruitment during the second or third trimester and 3 months postpartum. Infant gut microbiota were profiled with 16S rRNA sequencing from faecal samples collected at the mean age of 3.3 months. Two categories of pet exposure (i) only during pregnancy and (ii) pre- and postnatally were compared to no pet exposure under different birth scenarios. RESULTS Over half of studied infants were exposed to at least one furry pet in the prenatal and/or postnatal periods, of which 8% were exposed in pregnancy alone and 46.8% had exposure during both time periods. As a common effect in all birth scenarios, pre- and postnatal pet exposure enriched the abundance of Oscillospira and/or Ruminococcus (P < 0.05) with more than a twofold greater likelihood of high abundance. Among vaginally born infants with maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis exposure, Streptococcaceae were substantially and significantly reduced by pet exposure (P < 0.001, FDRp = 0.03), reflecting an 80% decreased likelihood of high abundance (OR 0.20, 95%CI, 0.06-0.70) for pet exposure during pregnancy alone and a 69% reduced likelihood (OR 0.31, 95%CI, 0.16-0.58) for exposure in the pre- and postnatal time periods. All of these associations were independent of maternal asthma/allergy status, siblingship, breastfeeding exclusivity and other home characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The impact of pet ownership varies under different birth scenarios; however, in common, exposure to pets increased the abundance of two bacteria, Ruminococcus and Oscillospira, which have been negatively associated with childhood atopy and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein M Tun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G IC9, Canada
| | - Theodore Konya
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Radha Chari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David S Guttman
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G IC9, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James A Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G IC9, Canada.
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Lynch JP, Sikder MAA, Curren BF, Werder RB, Simpson J, Cuív PÓ, Dennis PG, Everard ML, Phipps S. The Influence of the Microbiome on Early-Life Severe Viral Lower Respiratory Infections and Asthma-Food for Thought? Front Immunol 2017; 8:156. [PMID: 28261214 PMCID: PMC5311067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe viral lower respiratory infections are a major cause of infant morbidity. In developing countries, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-bronchiolitis induces significant mortality, whereas in developed nations the disease represents a major risk factor for subsequent asthma. Susceptibility to severe RSV-bronchiolitis is governed by gene-environmental interactions that affect the host response to RSV infection. Emerging evidence suggests that the excessive inflammatory response and ensuing immunopathology, typically as a consequence of insufficient immunoregulation, leads to long-term changes in immune cells and structural cells that render the host susceptible to subsequent environmental incursions. Thus, the initial host response to RSV may represent a tipping point in the balance between long-term respiratory health or chronic disease (e.g., asthma). The composition and diversity of the microbiota, which in humans stabilizes in the first year of life, critically affects the development and function of the immune system. Hence, perturbations to the maternal and/or infant microbiota are likely to have a profound impact on the host response to RSV and susceptibility to childhood asthma. Here, we review recent insights describing the effects of the microbiota on immune system homeostasis and respiratory disease and discuss the environmental factors that promote microbial dysbiosis in infancy. Ultimately, this knowledge will be harnessed for the prevention and treatment of severe viral bronchiolitis as a strategy to prevent the onset and development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Lynch
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Md. Al Amin Sikder
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Bodie F. Curren
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rhiannon B. Werder
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Simpson
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Páraic Ó Cuív
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul G. Dennis
- The School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark L. Everard
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Abstract
The rapid rise in childhood allergies (atopy) in Westernized nations has implicated associated environmental exposures and lifestyles as primary drivers of disease development. Culture-based microbiological studies indicate that atopy has demonstrable ties to altered gut microbial colonization in very early life. Infants who exhibit more severe multisensitization to food- or aero-allergens have a significantly higher risk of subsequently developing asthma in childhood. Hence an emerging hypothesis posits that environment- or lifestyle-driven aberrancies in the early-life gut microbiome composition and by extension, microbial function, represent a key mediator of childhood allergic asthma. Animal studies support this hypothesis. Environmental microbial exposures epidemiologically associated with allergy protection in humans confer protection against airway allergy in mice. In addition, gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids produced from a high-fiber diet have been shown to protect against allergy via modulation of both local and remote mucosal immunity as well as hematopoietic antigen-presenting cell populations. Here we review key data supporting the concept of a gut-airway axis and its critical role in childhood atopy.
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Hicke-Roberts A, Åberg N, Wennergren G, Hesselmar B. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis continued to increase in Swedish children up to 2007, but asthma and eczema levelled off from 1991. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:75-80. [PMID: 27102081 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether allergies among schoolchildren increased in Sweden between 1979 and 2007 and whether the geographical differences observed in previous studies remained. METHODS We collected questionnaire data on asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and eczema in children aged seven to eight years from Mölndal, Gothenburg, in south-western Sweden and Kiruna in northern Sweden in 1979 (n = 4682), 1991 (n = 2481) and 2007 (n = 1029). The same regions and questions were used in all three studies, and extra questions on food allergy or intolerance were added in 2007. RESULTS In 1979, 1991 and 2007, the total prevalence of asthma was 2.5%, 5.7% and 7.1%, ARC was 5.5%, 8.1% and 11.1% and eczema was 7.1%, 18.3% and 19.7%, respectively. Asthma prevalence remained higher in Kiruna, but no significant regional differences were seen for ARC and eczema. Almost 20% reported a history of food allergy or intolerance, with a higher prevalence in Kiruna. The allergy risk was reduced if both parents were born outside Sweden. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ARC continued to increase between 1991 and 2007, but increases in asthma and eczema started to level off in 1991. Some geographical differences remained, but total allergy rates were similar in Kiruna and Mölndal in 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hicke-Roberts
- Paediatric Outpatient Clinic; Angered Hospital; Angered-Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Nils Åberg
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Gothenburg; Queen Silvia Children's Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Göran Wennergren
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Gothenburg; Queen Silvia Children's Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Bill Hesselmar
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Gothenburg; Queen Silvia Children's Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
- Data and Analysis Unit; Västra Götaland Health Care Department; Gothenburg Sweden
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Wold A. Why is there still confusion about the impact of breast-feeding on the risk of allergy development? SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD & NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/11026480600617774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Wold
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Go¨ teborg University, Sweden
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Perzanowski MS, Ronmark E, James HR, Hedman L, Schuyler AJ, Bjerg A, Lundback B, Platts-Mills TAE. Relevance of specific IgE antibody titer to the prevalence, severity, and persistence of asthma among 19-year-olds in northern Sweden. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1582-1590. [PMID: 27430609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sensitization to indoor allergens is strongly associated with asthma, there are questions as to how this relates to asthma symptoms. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the relevance of IgE antibodies to cat and dog allergens in an area in which (1) the climate discourages cockroach, fungal, and mite growth and (2) dander allergens are known to be present in schools and houses without animals. METHODS IgE to 8 allergens was tested in 963 sera from a population-based study on 19-year-olds, and associations with asthma symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment were examined. In positive sera IgE to specific cat and dog allergens was also assayed. RESULTS IgE specific for animal dander had the highest prevalence and strongest relationship to asthma diagnosis. Furthermore, asthma severity, as judged by the frequency of symptoms and use of treatment, was directly associated with the titer of IgE antibodies to animal dander. Among the 103 subjects who had current asthma at age 19 years, 50 had asthma before age 12 years. Among those 50, the odds ratios for asthma related to any IgE antibodies to animal dander or high-titer IgE antibodies (≥17.5 IU/mL) were 9.2 (95% CI, 4.9-17) and 13 (95% CI, 6.9-25), respectively. In multivariable analysis IgE antibodies to Fel d 1 and Can f 5 were each associated with current asthma. CONCLUSION High-titer IgE antibodies to cat and dog allergens were strongly associated with the diagnosis, severity, and persistence of asthma; however, a large proportion of patients with current asthma did not live in a house with a cat or dog.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Ronmark
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, OLIN Unit, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Hayley R James
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Linnea Hedman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, OLIN Unit, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Bjerg
- Department of Medicine/Krefting Research Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundback
- Department of Medicine/Krefting Research Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Schoos AMM, Chawes BL, Jelding-Dannemand E, Elfman LB, Bisgaard H. Early indoor aeroallergen exposure is not associated with development of sensitization or allergic rhinitis in high-risk children. Allergy 2016; 71:684-91. [PMID: 26836471 DOI: 10.1111/all.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Allergen exposure is associated with the development of allergic sensitization in childhood as reflected by global variations in sensitization patterns. However, there is little evidence to support a direct association. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between perinatal aeroallergen exposure and sensitization and rhinitis to such allergens later in childhood. METHODS Allergic sensitization to cat, dog, and house dust mites was diagnosed longitudinally using skin prick tests and specific IgE measurements at ½, 1½, 4, 6, and 13 years in 399 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood2000 birth cohort. Rhinitis was diagnosed at 7 and 13 years. Allergen exposure was defined as dog or cat in the home during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy or the first year of life and as allergen levels of dog, cat, and house dust mite in bed dust samples at 1 year. Associations between exposure and outcomes were analyzed by logistic regression and stratified for eczema status and test method (skin prick test and specific IgE). RESULTS We found no association between dog or cat exposure in perinatal life and sensitization or rhinitis during childhood. Similarly, there was no association between levels of allergens in bed dust samples and sensitization or rhinitis during childhood. CONCLUSION Perinatal indoor aeroallergen exposure does not seem to affect development of allergic sensitization or rhinitis during childhood questioning the relevance of allergen avoidance as a preventive measure. Other factors such as timing of allergen exposure or other environmental adjuvants may contribute in a more complex pathway to sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.-M. M. Schoos
- COPSAC; Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - B. L. Chawes
- COPSAC; Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - E. Jelding-Dannemand
- COPSAC; Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L. B. Elfman
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Department of Medical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - H. Bisgaard
- COPSAC; Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Dannemiller KC, Gent JF, Leaderer BP, Peccia J. Influence of housing characteristics on bacterial and fungal communities in homes of asthmatic children. INDOOR AIR 2016; 26:179-92. [PMID: 25833176 PMCID: PMC4591094 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Variations in home characteristics, such as moisture and occupancy, affect indoor microbial ecology as well as human exposure to microorganisms. Our objective was to determine how indoor bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity are associated with the broader home environment and its occupants. Next-generation DNA sequencing was used to describe fungal and bacterial communities in house dust sampled from 198 homes of asthmatic children in southern New England. Housing characteristics included number of people/children, level of urbanization, single/multifamily home, reported mold, reported water leaks, air conditioning (AC) use, and presence of pets. Both fungal and bacterial community structures were non-random and demonstrated species segregation (C-score, P < 0.00001). Increased microbial richness was associated with the presence of pets, water leaks, longer AC use, suburban (vs. urban) homes, and dust composition measures (P < 0.05). The most significant differences in community composition were observed for AC use and occupancy (people, children, and pets) characteristics. Occupant density measures were associated with beneficial bacterial taxa, including Lactobacillus johnsonii as measured by qPCR. A more complete knowledge of indoor microbial communities is useful for linking housing characteristics to human health outcomes. Microbial assemblies in house dust result, in part, from the building's physical and occupant characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C. Dannemiller
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave, PO Box 208286, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Janneane F. Gent
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, One Church Street, 6 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brian P. Leaderer
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, One Church Street, 6 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jordan Peccia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave, PO Box 208286, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Corresponding author: Jordan Peccia, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, Mason Laboratory, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, USA, , 203-432-4385
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Abstract
The term “immune” pertains to the body keeping itself free from diseases, not to trigger any diseases. In this regard, it makes sense for us to divide antigenicity into immunogenicity and allergenicity. This distinction allows for the characterization of all types of modern antigens, i.e., to evaluate and modify a priori the allergenicity of an antigen before it is applied to humans. In this chapter, we also formulated the hypothesis that “Balanced Stimulation by Whole Antigens” is essential for immune development. This hypothesis revives the practicality of the “Hygiene Hypothesis” and can provide a fundamental solution to curb the increasing prevalence of allergic disease, namely, early exposure, at 0–1 year old or earlier, in utero, of representative allergens/protein antigens with immunogenicity retained or improved and allergenicity attenuated or eliminated.
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Platts-Mills TAE. The allergy epidemics: 1870-2010. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:3-13. [PMID: 26145982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Before the first description of hay fever in 1870, there was very little awareness of allergic disease, which is actually similar to the situation in prehygiene villages in Africa today. The best explanation for the appearance and subsequent increase in hay fever at that time is the combination of hygiene and increased pollen secondary to changes in agriculture. However, it is important to remember that the major changes in hygiene in Northern Europe and the United States were complete by 1920. Asthma in children did not start to increase until 1960, but by 1990, it had clearly increased to epidemic numbers in all countries where children had adopted an indoor lifestyle. There are many features of the move indoors that could have played a role; these include increased sensitization to indoor allergens, diet, and decreased physical activity, as well as the effects of prolonged periods of shallow breathing. Since 1990, there has been a remarkable increase in food allergy, which has now reached epidemic numbers. Peanut has played a major role in the food epidemic, and there is increasing evidence that sensitization to peanut can occur through the skin. This suggests the possibility that changes in lifestyle in the last 20 years could have influenced the permeability of the skin. Overall, the important conclusion is that sequential changes in lifestyle have led to increases in different forms of allergic disease. Equally, it is clear that the consequences of hygiene, indoor entertainment, and changes in diet or physical activity have never been predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A E Platts-Mills
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va.
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Koloski NA, Jones M, Weltman M, Kalantar J, Bone C, Gowryshankar A, Walker MM, Talley NJ. Identification of early environmental risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015. [PMID: 26202154 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of childhood environment including exposure to infection via siblings and pets in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and dyspepsia is relatively unknown. We assessed proxy measures of microbial exposure in early childhood to assess if these are associated with IBS and functional dyspepsia in later life. METHODS Participants (n = 767, response rate = 53%) were a random population sample from Sydney, Australia who previously responded to a validated survey. IBS and functional dyspepsia were defined using Rome III criteria. Early environmental risk factors assessed included type of birth delivery, premature birth, breastfeeding, bedroom sharing, and pet exposure (the latter two then combined as early hygiene factors) up to 5 years of age. Post infectious IBS (PI-IBS) was assessed by development of IBS following gastroenteritis. KEY RESULTS In this sample, in adult life 17% developed IBS (of which 20% had PI-IBS) and 12% functional dyspepsia. Development of IBS was associated with childhood factors-a shorter duration of breastfeeding (odds ratios [OR] = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.97, p = 0.01), sharing a bedroom (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.73-3.08, p = 0.01), exposure to a herbivore pet (OR = 1.65 (1.10, 2.48), p = 0.02), and hygiene factors (OR = 4.39; 95% CI: 1.89-10.21, p = 0.001). The sole factor associated with functional dyspepsia was exposure to a herbivore pet (1.79; 95% CI: 1.19-2.87, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Childhood environment factors, particularly bedroom sharing and pet exposure, combined with subsequent risk of microbial exposure are a risk factor for IBS in later life. These associations however need confirmation to rule out any risk of a type I error.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Koloski
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - M Jones
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - M Weltman
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - J Kalantar
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - C Bone
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - A Gowryshankar
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - M M Walker
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - N J Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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