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Paradossi U, De Caterina AR, Trimarchi G, Pizzino F, Bastiani L, Dossi F, Raccis M, Bianchi G, Palmieri C, de Gregorio C, Andò G, Berti S. The enigma of the 'smoker's paradox': Results from a single-center registry of patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2024:S1553-8389(24)00537-2. [PMID: 38862370 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoker's paradox usually refers to the observation of a favorable outcome of smoking patients in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS From April 2006 to December 2018 a population of 2456 patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) were prospectively enrolled in the MATRIX registry. Ischemic time, clinical, demographics, angiographic data, and 1-year follow-up were collected. RESULTS Among 2546 patients admitted with STEMI, 1007 (41 %) were current smokers. Smokers were 10 years younger and had lower crude in-hospital and 1-year mortality (1.5 % vs 6 %, p < 0.0001 and 5 % vs 11 %, p < 0.0001), shorter ischemic time (203 [147-299] vs 220 [154-334] minutes, p = 0.002) and shorter decision time (60 [30-135] vs 70 [36-170] minutes, p = 0.0063). Smoking habit [OR:0.37(95 % CI:0.18-0.75)-p < 0.01], younger age [OR 1.06 (95%CI:1.04-1.09)-p < 0.001] and shorter ischemic time [OR:1.01(95%CI:1.01-1.02)-p < 0.05] were associated to lower in-hospital mortality. Only smoking habit [HR:0.65(95 % CI: 0.44-0.9)-p = 0.03] and younger age [HR:1.08 (95%CI:1.06-1.09)-p < 0.001] were also independently associated to lower all-cause death at 1-year follow-up. After propensity matching, age, cardiogenic shock and TIMI flow <3 were associated with in-hospital mortality, while smoking habit was still associated with reduced mortality. Smoking was also associated with reduced mortality at 1-year follow-up (HR 0.54, 95 % CI [0.37-0.78]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Smoking patients show better outcome after PCI for STEMI at 1-year follow-up. Although "Smoking paradox" could be explained by younger age of patients, other factors may have a role in the explanation of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Paradossi
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Ospedale del Cuore, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Trimarchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Pizzino
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Ospedale del Cuore, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Luca Bastiani
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Ospedale del Cuore, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Filippo Dossi
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale di Lavagna, 16033 Lavagna, Italy
| | - Mario Raccis
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale di Lavagna, 16033 Lavagna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bianchi
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Ospedale del Cuore, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Cataldo Palmieri
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Ospedale del Cuore, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Cesare de Gregorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sergio Berti
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Ospedale del Cuore, 54100 Massa, Italy
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Matheson C, Simovic T, Heefner A, Colon M, Tunon E, Cobb K, Thode C, Breland A, Cobb CO, Nana-Sinkam P, Garten R, Rodriguez-Miguelez P. Evidence of premature vascular dysfunction in young adults who regularly use e-cigarettes and the impact of usage length. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:229-243. [PMID: 38345700 PMCID: PMC11021332 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic (e-) cigarettes are increasingly popular tobacco products on the US market. Traditional tobacco products are known to cause vascular dysfunction, one of the earliest indicators of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. However, little is known about the effect of regular e-cigarette use on vascular function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of regular e-cigarette use on vascular function and cardiovascular health in young, healthy adults. METHODS Twenty-one regular users of e-cigarettes (ECU) and twenty-one demographically matched non-users (NU) completed this study. Vascular health was assessed in the cutaneous microcirculation through different reactivity tests to evaluate overall functionality, endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDD), and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EID). Macrovascular function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD). RESULTS Our results suggest that regular users of e-cigarettes present with premature microvascular impairment when compared to non-users. Specifically, they exhibit lower hyperemic (p = 0.003), thermal (p = 0.010), and EDD (p = 0.004) responses. No differences in EID between the groups were identified. We also identified that individuals who use e-cigarettes for longer than 3 years also present with systemic manifestations, as observed by significantly reduced macrovascular (p = 0.002) and microvascular (p ≤ 0.044) function. CONCLUSIONS Our novel data suggests that young, apparently healthy, regular users of e-cigarettes present with premature vascular dysfunction in the microcirculation when compared to non-users. We have also identified systemic vascular dysfunction affecting both the micro and macrovasculature in those young individuals who used e-cigarettes for longer than 3 years. Taken together, these findings associate regular e-cigarette use with premature vascular dysfunctions and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Matheson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Tijana Simovic
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Allison Heefner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marisa Colon
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Enrique Tunon
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Kolton Cobb
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Christopher Thode
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Alison Breland
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Caroline O Cobb
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ryan Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Lee YA, Kang SG, Song SW, Kim SH. Association between Homocysteine and Vitamin D Levels in Asymptomatic Korean Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1155. [PMID: 38674846 PMCID: PMC11054723 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An increased homocysteine level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, venous thromboembolism, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. In addition, vitamin D deficiency is associated with coronary artery disease and metabolic disorders. The present study included data from 1375 adults (895 men and 480 women) with a mean age of 52.62 ± 9.94 years who visited the Health Promotion Center of the University Hospital in Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea from January 2018 to December 2022 for routine checkups that included assessments of their homocysteine and vitamin D levels. Homocysteine levels were positively associated with age, a history of hypertension, a history of diabetes, current smoking habits, and levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. By contrast, vitamin D levels were negatively associated with serum levels of homocysteine after adjusting for covariates (β = -0.033, p < 0.001). Additional long-term prospective studies are needed to elucidate the presence of a causal relationship between vitamin D status and serum levels of homocysteine in asymptomatic Korean adults. An intervention trial is warranted to determine whether the administration of vitamin D is helpful for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease by lowering the homocysteine level in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Goo Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 16247, Republic of Korea
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Zdravkovic M, Popadic V, Klasnja S, Klasnja A, Ivankovic T, Lasica R, Lovic D, Gostiljac D, Vasiljevic Z. Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Hypertension: A Bond More Important than We Think. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2149. [PMID: 38138252 PMCID: PMC10744540 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a clinical entity linked with various risk factors that significantly affect cardiac morbidity and mortality. Hypertension, one of the most important, causes both functional and structural alterations in the microvasculature, promoting the occurrence and progression of microvascular angina. Endothelial dysfunction and capillary rarefaction play the most significant role in the development of CMD among patients with hypertension. CMD is also related to several hypertension-induced morphological and functional changes in the myocardium in the subclinical and early clinical stages, including left ventricular hypertrophy, interstitial myocardial fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. This indicates the fact that CMD, especially if associated with hypertension, is a subclinical marker of end-organ damage and heart failure, particularly that with preserved ejection fraction. This is why it is important to search for microvascular angina in every patient with hypertension and chest pain not associated with obstructive coronary artery disease. Several highly sensitive and specific non-invasive and invasive diagnostic modalities have been developed to evaluate the presence and severity of CMD and also to investigate and guide the treatment of additional complications that can affect further prognosis. This comprehensive review provides insight into the main pathophysiological mechanisms of CMD in hypertensive patients, offering an integrated diagnostic approach as well as an overview of currently available therapeutical modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zdravkovic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (T.I.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.L.); (D.G.); (Z.V.)
| | - Viseslav Popadic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Slobodan Klasnja
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Andrea Klasnja
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Tatjana Ivankovic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Ratko Lasica
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.L.); (D.G.); (Z.V.)
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Lovic
- Clinic for Internal Diseases Inter Medica, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
- School of Medicine, Singidunum University, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Drasko Gostiljac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.L.); (D.G.); (Z.V.)
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Vasiljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.L.); (D.G.); (Z.V.)
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Papadopoulos KI, Papadopoulou A, Aw TC. Live to die another day: novel insights may explain the pathophysiology behind smoker's paradox in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2517-2526. [PMID: 36867341 PMCID: PMC9983545 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection demonstrates a highly variable and unpredictable course. Several reports have claimed a smoker's paradox in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in line with previous suggestions that smoking is associated with better survival after acute myocardial infarction and appears protective in preeclampsia. Several plausible physiological explanations exist accounting for the paradoxical observation of smoking engendering protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we delineate novel mechanisms whereby smoking habits and smokers' genetic polymorphism status affecting various nitric oxide (NO) pathways (endothelial NO synthase, cytochrome P450 (CYP450), erythropoietin receptor (EPOR); β-common receptor (βcR)), along with tobacco smoke modulation of microRNA-155 and aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) effects, may be important determinators of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 course. While transient NO bioavailability increase and beneficial immunoregulatory modulations through the above-mentioned pathways using exogenous, endogenous, genetic and/or therapeutic modalities may have direct and specific, viricidal SARS-CoV-2 effects, employing tobacco smoke inhalation to achieve protection equals self-harm. Tobacco smoking remains the leading cause of death, illness, and impoverishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. I. Papadopoulos
- THAI StemLife, 566/3 Soi Ramkhamhaeng 39 (Thepleela 1), Prachaouthit Rd., Wangthonglang, Wangthonglang, 10310 Bangkok Thailand
| | - A. Papadopoulou
- Occupational and Environmental Health Services, Feelgood Lund, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 17, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - T. C. Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore, 529889 Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
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Flores-Umanzor E, Cepas-Guillén P, Freixa X, Regueiro A, Tizón-Marcos H, Brugaletta S, Ariza-Solé A, Calvo M, Forado I, Carrillo X, Cárdenas M, Rojas SG, Muñoz JF, García-Picart J, Lidón RM, Sabaté M, Masotti M, Roqué M. Clinical profile and prognosis of young patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction managed by the emergency-intervention Codi IAM network. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 76:881-890. [PMID: 36958533 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Data on the clinical profile and outcomes of younger patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is scarce. This study compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients aged<45 years and those aged ≥ 45 years with STEMI managed by the acute myocardial infarction code (AMI Code) network. Sex-based differences in the younger cohort were also analyzed. METHODS This multicenter study collected individual data from the Catalonian AMI Code network. Between 2015 and 2020, we enrolled patients with an admission diagnosis of STEMI. Primary endpoints were all-cause mortality within 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years. RESULTS Overall, 18 933 patients (23% female) were enrolled. Of them, 1403 participants (7.4%) were aged<45 years. Younger patients with STEMI were more frequently smokers (P<.001) and presented with cardiac arrest and TIMI flow 0 before pPCI (P<.05), but the time from first medical contact to wire crossing was shorter than in the older group (P<.05). All-cause mortality rates were lower in patients aged<45 years (P<.001). Among younger patients, cardiogenic shock was most prevalent in women than in their male counterparts (P=.002), with the time from symptom onset to reperfusion being longer (P<.05). Compared with men aged<45 years, younger women were less likely to undergo pPCI (P=.004). CONCLUSIONS Despite showing high-risk features on admission, young patients exhibit better outcomes than older patients. Differences in ischemia times and treatment were observed between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Flores-Umanzor
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain. https://twitter.com/@ejfu0209
| | - Pedro Cepas-Guillén
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain. https://twitter.com/@pedro_cepas
| | - Xavier Freixa
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ander Regueiro
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Tizón-Marcos
- Servicio de Cardiología, Consorci Mar Parc de Salut de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Ariza-Solé
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Calvo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilana Forado
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Carrillo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mérida Cárdenas
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Sergio Giovanny Rojas
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Muñoz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan García-Picart
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Lidón
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Manel Sabaté
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Masotti
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Roqué
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain.
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An J, Ouyang L, Yu C, Carr SM, Ramprasath T, Liu Z, Song P, Zou MH, Ding Y. Nicotine exacerbates atherosclerosis and plaque instability via NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Theranostics 2023; 13:2825-2842. [PMID: 37284455 PMCID: PMC10240824 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Nicotine has been reported to be a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism by which nicotine controls atherosclerotic plaque stability remain largely unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of lysosomal dysfunction mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) on atherosclerotic plaque formation and stability in advanced atherosclerosis at the brachiocephalic arteries (BA). Methods and Results: Features of atherosclerotic plaque stability and the markers for NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were monitored in the BA from nicotine or vehicle-treated apolipoprotein E deficient (Apoe-/-) mice fed with Western-type diet (WD). Nicotine treatment for 6 weeks accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation and enhanced the hallmarks of plaque instability in BA of Apoe-/- mice. Moreover, nicotine elevated interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in serum and aorta and was preferred to activate NLRP3 inflammasome in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of Caspase1, a key downstream target of NLRP3 inflammasome complex, and genetic inactivation of NLRP3 significantly restrained nicotine-elevated IL-1β in serum and aorta, as well as nicotine-stimulated atherosclerotic plaque formation and plaque destabilization in BA. We further confirmed the role of VSMC-derived NLRP3 inflammasome in nicotine-induced plaque instability by using VSMC specific TXNIP (upstream regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome) deletion mice. Mechanistic study further showed that nicotine induced lysosomal dysfunction resulted in cathepsin B cytoplasmic release. Inhibition or knockdown of cathepsin B blocked nicotine-dependent inflammasome activation. Conclusions: Nicotine promotes atherosclerotic plaque instability by lysosomal dysfunction-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ye Ding
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Zhu D, Kong M, Chen C, Luo J, Kong L. Iso-seco-tanapartholide induces p62 covalent oligomerization to activate KEAP1-NRF2 redox pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109689. [PMID: 36621330 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SQSTM1/p62 sequesters intracellular aberrant proteins and mediates their selective autophagic degradation. p62 oligomerization posttranslational modification enhances its sequestration function and positively regulates the KEAP1-NRF2 redox pathway. However, the regulation of p62 covalent oligomerization has yet been poorly characterized. Here, we identified a natural small-molecule sesquiterpene, Iso-seco-tanapartholide (IST) modified p62 cysteine residues, which induced p62 to form crosslinked oligomers between TBS and TBS or TBS and PB1 domains in a covalently non-disulfide-linked manner. Using LC-MS/MS analysis and complementary approaches, we revealed that Cys residues of p62 were necessary for IST-induced covalent oligomer. This oligomerization promoted p62 recruitment of KEAP1 for degradation by autophagosomes and released NRF2 to the nucleus to activate the expression of downstream genes with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. Accordingly, IST-mediated p62/NRF2 activation conferred protection from oxidative and inflammatory destruction of rheumatoid arthritis in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, p62-knockdown cells displayed a reduced anti-oxidant response and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in response to TNF-α stimulation. Hence, our findings uncover an unrecognized role of IST in the regulation of p62 oligomerization and provide a new strategy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Adverse Effects of Tobacco Products (Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, Hookah, Smokeless Tobacco) Use on Health. Respir Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24914-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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10
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The Role of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092283. [PMID: 36140383 PMCID: PMC9496114 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are proteins found in the cytosol that contribute to disorders related to the cardiovascular system, including atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Functionally, FABPs serve as intracellular lipid chaperones, interacting with hydrophobic ligands and mediating their transportation to sites of lipid metabolism. To date, nine unique members of the FABP family (FABP 1–9) have been identified and classified according to the tissue in which they are most highly expressed. In the literature, FABP3 has been shown to be a promising clinical biomarker for coronary and peripheral artery disease. Given the rising incidence of cardiovascular disease and its associated morbidity/mortality, identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment is critical. In this review, we highlight key discoveries and recent studies on the role of FABP3 in cardiovascular disorders, with a particular focus on its clinical relevance as a biomarker for peripheral artery disease.
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Cho JH, Lee DC, Lee HJ. Association of Duration of Smoking Cessation or Cumulative Smoking Amount with Serum hs-CRP Level in Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090533. [PMID: 36136498 PMCID: PMC9501822 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the association between the duration of smoking cessation or cumulative smoking amount with serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. We assessed the decreasing risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer following smoking cessation in Korean adults who were former smokers compared with current smokers. This study used data from the 2016−2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 5411 participants were included. The duration of smoking cessation and cumulative smoking amount were classified into cut-offs for 6 and 17 months, and 5 and 20 pack-years, respectively, using tertile values. Elevated serum hs-CRP level was defined as ≥1 mg/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. The odds ratio (OR) for elevated serum hs-CRP level was 0.73 times lower in the group whose duration of smoking cessation was 17 months or more than that in the group who were current smokers after adjusting for confounding variables (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57−0.92; p < 0.01). The OR for elevated serum hs-CRP level was 0.71 and 0.67 times lower in the groups whose cumulative smoking amounts were less than 5 and 5−20 pack-years than that in the group who were current smokers (95% CI: 0.50−0.99 and 0.50−0.92, respectively; both p < 0.05). This study reveals that a duration of smoking cessation of more than 17 months and a cumulative smoking amount of less than 20 pack-years were significantly associated with a decreased risk of elevated serum hs-CRP levels in Korean adults who were former smokers. Therefore, quitting smoking early and a low cumulative smoking amount are a potential preventive strategy for CVD and cancer that can be easily accessible using serum hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hye Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea
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12
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Capodicasa G, Caponnetto P, Polosa R, Calogero AE. "Association of E-Cigarettes With Erectile Dysfunction: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study". Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:e103-e104. [PMID: 35644683 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Capodicasa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Section Psychology, Department of Educational Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Section Psychology, Department of Educational Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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13
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Gao Y, Wang T, Duan Z, Pu Y, Zhang J. The association between neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems and tobacco smoke exposure among 3-17 years old children. Front Public Health 2022; 10:881299. [PMID: 36033778 PMCID: PMC9399492 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.881299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Children being exposed to tobacco smoke can lead to poor developmental and behavioral problems. We aimed to explore the correlation between neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems (NBPs) and tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) among children aged 3-17 years. In this study, data were obtained from the 2018-2019 U.S. National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). Children in the range of 3-17 years old were taken as the research subjects, and their parents were surveyed through questionnaires. TSE status was defined as one of three groups: no tobacco smoke exposure (no TSE), someone smoking but not inside the house (no home TSE), and someone smoking inside the house (home TSE). NBPs mainly included behavioral or conduct problems, intellectual disability, learning disability, speech or other language disorders, and developmental delay. We used the sampling weights provided by the NSCH to weight the data in order to obtain an unbiased population estimate. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests were performed to examine the difference of each variable. Logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis were carried out to investigate the association between NBPs and TSE. A total of 48,783 children were included in this study, with an average age of 10.1 years. In total 17.9% of all the participants were preschool children, 35.1% were school-age children, and 47.0% were school-age adolescents. More than 85.0% of children lived with no TSE. Over 90.0% of children were healthy in each NBP. Children living with home TSE and no home TSE showed significant adjusted odds ratios (aORs) compared with no TSE in four NBPs besides intellectual disability. The stratified analysis found aORs were higher for NBPs in preschool children compared to the school-age children and school-age adolescents. Male children living with home TSE showed higher aORs in moderate/severe NBP conditions. Our study indicated it is necessary to protect the health of young children from TSE by intervention measures.
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14
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Sifat AE, Nozohouri S, Archie SR, Chowdhury EA, Abbruscato TJ. Brain Energy Metabolism in Ischemic Stroke: Effects of Smoking and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158512. [PMID: 35955647 PMCID: PMC9369264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of energy metabolism in the brain is crucial for maintaining brain activity in physiological and different pathophysiological conditions. Ischemic stroke has a complex pathophysiology which includes perturbations in the brain energy metabolism processes which can contribute to worsening of brain injury and stroke outcome. Smoking and diabetes are common risk factors and comorbid conditions for ischemic stroke which have also been associated with disruptions in brain energy metabolism. Simultaneous presence of these conditions may further alter energy metabolism in the brain leading to a poor clinical prognosis after an ischemic stroke event. In this review, we discuss the possible effects of smoking and/or diabetes on brain glucose utilization and mitochondrial energy metabolism which, when present concurrently, may exacerbate energy metabolism in the ischemic brain. More research is needed to investigate brain glucose utilization and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in ischemic stroke in the presence of smoking and/or diabetes, which would provide further insights on the pathophysiology of these comorbid conditions and facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Wen D, Chen R, Zhang T, Li H, Zheng J, Fu W, You C, Ma L. “Atypical” Mild Clinical Presentation in Elderly Patients With Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: Causes and Clinical Characteristics. Front Surg 2022; 9:927351. [PMID: 35874135 PMCID: PMC9304704 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.927351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThunderclap-like severe headache or consciousness disturbance is the common “typical” clinical presentation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH); however, a slowly developing “atypical” clinical pattern, with mild headache, vomiting, or dizziness, is frequently noted in elderly patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of this “atypical” subgroup, as well as related factors associated with the presence of these mild symptoms.MethodsThe data of 176 elderly patients (≥70 years old) with ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) treated at our center from January 2016 to January 2020 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The patients were divided into “typical” and “atypical” groups based on their initial and development of clinical symptoms after the diagnosis of aSAH. Intergroup differences were analyzed, and factors related to the presence of these two clinical patterns were explored through multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsDespite significant admission delay (P < 0.001) caused by mild initial symptoms with slow development, patients in the “atypical” group achieved better clinical prognosis, as indicated by a significantly higher favourable outcome ratio and lower death rate upon discharge and at different time points during the 1-year follow-up, than the “typical” group (P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that modified Fisher grade III-IV (OR = 11.182, P = 0.003), brain atrophy (OR = 10.010, P = 0.001), a larger lesion diameter (OR = 1.287, P < 0.001) and current smoking (OR = 5.728, P < 0.001) were independently associated with the presence of “typical” symptoms. Aneurysms with wide necks (OR = 0.013, P < 0.001) were independently associated with the presence of “atypical” symptoms.Conclusions“Atypical” presentations, with mild clinical symptoms and slow development, were commonly recorded in elderly patients after the onset of aSAH. Despite the prolonged admission delay, these “atypical” patients achieved better clinical outcomes than those with “typical” symptoms. Modified Fisher grade (III-IV), current smoking, brain atrophy and larger lesion diameter were factors predictive of “typical” symptoms, while aneurysms with wide necks were independently associated with “atypical” symptoms.
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16
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Klein LW. Systemic and Coronary Hemodynamic Effects of Tobacco Products on the Cardiovascular System and Potential Pathophysiologic Mechanisms. Cardiol Rev 2022; 30:188-196. [PMID: 34001689 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco product usage is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States. Smoking promotes atherosclerosis, producing disease in the coronary arteries, the aorta, the carotid and cerebral arteries and the large arteries in the peripheral circulation. The cardiovascular consequences of tobacco products have been the subject of intensive study for several decades. Despite the overwhelming epidemiologic association between smoking and vascular disease, the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which smoking exerts its deleterious effects remain incompletely understood. This review addresses the acute and long-term systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of tobacco, with an emphasis of the impact on coronary blood flow and pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd W Klein
- From the Cardiology Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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17
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Environmental exposure to volatile organic compounds is associated with endothelial injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 437:115877. [PMID: 35045333 PMCID: PMC10045232 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are airborne toxicants abundant in outdoor and indoor air. High levels of VOCs are also present at various Superfund and other hazardous waste sites; however, little is known about the cardiovascular effects of VOCs. We hypothesized that ambient exposure to VOCs exacerbate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by depleting circulating angiogenic cells (CACs). APPROACH AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 603 participants with low-to-high CVD risk and measured 15 subpopulations of CACs by flow cytometry and 16 urinary metabolites of 12 VOCs by LC/MS/MS. Associations between CAC and VOC metabolite levels were examined using generalized linear models in the total sample, and separately in non-smokers. In single pollutant models, metabolites of ethylbenzene/styrene and xylene, were negatively associated with CAC levels in both the total sample, and in non-smokers. The metabolite of acrylonitrile was negatively associated with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+/AC133+ cells and CD45+/CD146+/AC133+, and the toluene metabolite with AC133+ cells. In analysis of non-smokers (n = 375), multipollutant models showed a negative association with metabolites of ethylbenzene/styrene, benzene, and xylene with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+ cells, independent of other VOC metabolite levels. Cumulative VOC risk score showed a strong negative association with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+ cells, suggesting that total VOC exposure has a cumulative effect on pro-angiogenic cells. We found a non-linear relationship for benzene, which showed an increase in CAC levels at low, but depletion at higher levels of exposure. Sex and race, hypertension, and diabetes significantly modified VOC associated CAC depletion. CONCLUSION Low-level ambient exposure to VOCs is associated with CAC depletion, which could compromise endothelial repair and angiogenesis, and exacerbate CVD risk.
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18
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Association between electronic cigarette and combustible cigarette use with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers among U.S. adults. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 71:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Satta E, Alfarone C, De Maio A, Gentile S, Romano C, Polverino M, Polverino F. Kidney and lung in pathology: mechanisms and clinical implications. Multidiscip Respir Med 2022; 17:819. [PMID: 35127080 PMCID: PMC8791019 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2022.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a close, physiological, relationship between kidney and lung that begin in the fetal age, and is aimed to keep homeostatic balance in the body. From a pathological point of view, the kidneys could be damaged by inflammatory mediators or by immune-mediated factors linked to a primary lung disease or, conversely, it could be the kidney disease that causes lung damage. Non-immunological mechanisms are frequently involved in renal and pulmonary diseases, as observed in chronic conditions. This crosstalk have clinical and therapeutic consequences. This review aims to describe the pulmonary-renal link in physiology and in pathological conditions.
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20
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El-Shahawy O, Shah T, Obisesan OH, Durr M, Stokes AC, Uddin I, Pinjani R, Benjamin EJ, Mirbolouk M, Osei AD, Loney T, Sherman SE, Blaha MJ. Association of E-Cigarettes With Erectile Dysfunction: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:26-38. [PMID: 34922653 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is independently associated with erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Given existing similarities in the constituents of e-cigarettes or ENDS and cigarettes, this study examines the association between ENDS use and erectile dysfunction. METHODS Data from Wave 4 (2016-2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study were analyzed in 2020. Male participants aged ≥20 years who responded to the erectile dysfunction question were included. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the association of ENDS use with erectile dysfunction within the full sample and in a restricted sample (adults aged 20-65 years with no previous cardiovascular disease diagnosis) while adjusting for multiple risk factors. RESULTS The proportion of erectile dysfunction varied from 20.7% (full sample) to 10.2% (restricted sample). The prevalence of current ENDS use within the full and restricted samples was 4.8% and 5.6%, respectively, with 2.1% and 2.5%, respectively, reporting daily use. Current daily ENDS users were more likely to report erectile dysfunction than never users in both the full (AOR=2.24, 95% CI=1.50, 3.34) and restricted (AOR=2.41, 95% CI=1.55, 3.74) samples. In the full sample, cardiovascular disease history (versus not present) and age ≥65 years (versus age 20-24 years) were associated with erectile dysfunction (AOR=1.39, 95% CI=1.10, 1.77; AOR= 17.4, 95% CI=12.15, 24.91), whereas physical activity was associated with lower odds of erectile dysfunction in both samples (AOR range=0.44-0.58). CONCLUSIONS The use of ENDS seems to be associated with erectile dysfunction independent of age, cardiovascular disease, and other risk factors. While ENDS remain under evaluation for harm reduction and smoking-cessation potential, ENDS users should be informed about the possible association between ENDS use and erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar El-Shahawy
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; Global and Environmental Health Program, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, New York; The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, John Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Tanmik Shah
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; Global and Environmental Health Program, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Olufunmilayo H Obisesan
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, John Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Meghan Durr
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Andrew C Stokes
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iftekhar Uddin
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, John Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ria Pinjani
- New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, New York
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, John Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Albert D Osei
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, John Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Scott E Sherman
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; Global and Environmental Health Program, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Blaha
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, John Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Klein LW. Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Tobacco Smoke Producing Atherosclerosis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:e110422203389. [PMID: 35410615 PMCID: PMC9893148 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220411113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the convincing epidemiologic association between smoking and vascular disease, the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which smoking initiates and contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis remain incompletely understood. A precise dose-dependent correlation has never been demonstrated, suggesting that the biological relationship is complex and influenced by individual genetic and possibly environmental factors. Although endothelial dysfunction and intimal damage appear to be central to atherogenesis, how tobacco products cause this effect has not been established. The purpose of this review is to describe the current state of knowledge of the main pathophysiologic pathways of how tobacco smoking abets atherosclerosis. Constituents of Tobacco Smoke: Tobacco combustion produces a mixture of organic substances. derived from burning organic materials. The predominant gaseous phase constituents include carbon monoxide, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrolein, and other carbonyls, as well as nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Potential Pathophysiologic Mechanisms: Smoking-induced changes in coronary vasomotor tone, platelet activation, and endothelial integrity are major components of both the development of atherosclerosis and its clinical presentation. Smoking may initiate and accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis by injuring the vascular intima. Other potential mechanisms include intimal damage and endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and injury, thrombosis, lipid abnormalities, and inflammation. CONCLUSION Smoking tobacco products contributes measurably to the incidence of acute vascular events and chronic disease. The causative compound, the exact mechanism of injury, and whether the atherogenic effect is modifiable are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd W. Klein
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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22
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Ngiam JN, Chew NW, Sim MY, Liong TS, Li TYW, Leow R, Sia CH, Loh PH, Wong RC, Yeo TC, Poh KK, Kong WK. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics associated with the development of infective endocarditis in patients with significant mitral stenosis. Echocardiography 2021; 39:82-88. [PMID: 34931370 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis (IE) confers significant mortality and morbidity in patients with underlying mitral stenosis (MS), with both diseased native valves and after valvular procedures. PURPOSE We examined the clinical and echocardiographic parameters in association with the development of IE on patients with significant MS. METHODS A total of 478 consecutive patients with index echocardiographic diagnosis of significant mitral stenosis (mitral valve area <1.5 cm2 ) were included. Patients were grouped into those with or without IE on at least 5 years of follow-up. Baseline clinical, echocardiographic profile and clinical outcomes were compared. RESULTS IE was observed in 4.4% (n = 21) of the cohort. These patients were younger (45.3 ± 14.6 vs. 53.2 ± 15.5 years, p = 0.022) at the time of MS diagnosis. NT-proBNP was higher in patients who developed IE (13529 ± 12230 vs. 4381 ± 5875 pg/ml, p < 0.001), with larger left atrial diameter (54.4 ± 10.1 vs. 49.9 ± 9.5 mm, p = 0.040) and elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP, 62.3 ± 17.2 vs. 47.2 ± 16.5 mmHg, p = 0.026). There was no significant difference in terms of MS severity, other concomitant valvulopathies, or etiology (rheumatic or degenerative) of MS. Patients who smoked had higher incidence of IE (33.3% vs. 14.2%, log-rank 7.27, p = 0.007). After adjusting for age, valve procedure and PASP, patients who smoked remained at elevated risk of IE (adjusted hazards ratio 2.99, 95% confidence interval 1.18-7.56, p = 0.021). CONCLUSION IE occurs in a proportion of patients with MS. Smoking, younger age of diagnosis of MS as well as dilated left atria with elevated PASP may be associated with an elevated risk of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University, Health System Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ws Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Ying Sim
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Sian Liong
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony Yi-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryan Leow
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poay Huan Loh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Cc Wong
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tiong-Cheng Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - William Kf Kong
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Nicotine is one of the most abused substances worldwide. Just as in adolescence and adulthood, tobacco use is also problematic in the elderly. Older people are more vulnerable to smoking consequences because of the additive effects of smoke. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common health problems associated with smoking; however, other systems are also affected, including the respiratory, nervous, integumentary, and many other systems. Smoking cessation is a difficult task especially in the elderly; therefore, physicians should encourage older patients to quit with every patient-physician encounter by offering counseling and replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazem K Bassil
- Geriatric Medicine, Palliative Care, Balamand University, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Marie Lena K Ohanian
- Family Medicine, Balamand University, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Theodora G Bou Saba
- Family Medicine, Balamand University, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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24
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Ye Z, Mo C, Liu S, Hatch KS, Gao S, Ma Y, Hong LE, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N, Acheson A, Garavan H, Shen L, Nichols TE, Kochunov P, Chen S, Ma T. White Matter Integrity and Nicotine Dependence: Evaluating Vertical and Horizontal Pleiotropy. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:738037. [PMID: 34720862 PMCID: PMC8551454 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.738037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is an addictive behavior that supports nicotine dependence and is an independent risk factor for cancer and other illnesses. Its neurogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood but may act through alterations in the cerebral white matter (WM). We hypothesized that the vertical pleiotropic pathways, where genetic variants influence a trait that in turn influences another trait, link genetic factors, integrity of cerebral WM, and nicotine addiction. We tested this hypothesis using individual genetic factors, WM integrity measured by fractional anisotropy (FA), and nicotine dependence-related smoking phenotypes, including smoking status (SS) and cigarettes per day (CPDs), in a large epidemiological sample collected by the UK Biobank. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify previously reported loci associated with smoking behavior. Smoking was found to be associated with reduced WM integrity in multiple brain regions. We then evaluated two competing vertical pathways: Genes → WM integrity → Smoking versus Genes → Smoking → WM integrity and a horizontal pleiotropy pathway where genetic factors independently affect both smoking and WM integrity. The causal pathway analysis identified 272 pleiotropic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) whose effects on SS were mediated by FA, as well as 22 pleiotropic SNPs whose effects on FA were mediated by CPD. These SNPs were mainly located in important susceptibility genes for smoking-induced diseases NCAM1 and IREB2. Our findings revealed the role of cerebral WM in the maintenance of the complex addiction and provided potential genetic targets for future research in examining how changes in WM integrity contribute to the nicotine effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyao Ye
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chen Mo
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Song Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kathryn S Hatch
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley Acheson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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25
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Kim J, Han HJ, Lee W, Park SK, Chung J, Kim YB, Park KY. Safety and Efficacy of Stent-Assisted Coiling of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Using Low-Profile Stents in Small Parent Arteries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1621-1626. [PMID: 34210666 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms arising from small vessels (≤ 2.0 mm) is a common procedure. However, data regarding its treatment outcomes are scarce. This study evaluated the clinical and radiologic outcomes of stent-assisted coiling using low-profile stents for aneurysms of small parent arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS From November 2015 to October 2020, sixty-four patients with 66 aneurysms arising from parent arteries of ≤2.0 mm were treated with stent-assisted coiling using a Low-Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support Junior (LVIS Jr) or the Neuroform Atlas stent in a single institution. The clinical and radiologic data were retrospectively reviewed, and the risk factors for procedure-related complications were evaluated. RESULTS The LVIS Jr and Neuroform Atlas stents were used in 22 (33.3%) and 44 (66.7%) cases, respectively. Technical success was achieved in 66 cases (100%). Immediate postprocedural aneurysm occlusion grades assessed by the Raymond-Roy occlusion classification were I (57.6%), II (19.7%), and III (22.7%), respectively. Procedure-related complications occurred in 10 cases (15.2%), with 8 thromboembolic complications (12.1%) and 2 hemorrhagic complications (3.0%). Procedure-related morbidity was 4.5% without mortality. On multivariate analysis, current smoking (odds ratio = 7.1, P = .021) had a statistically significant effect on procedure-related complications. CONCLUSIONS Stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms with low-profile stents in small vessels (≤ 2.0 mm) had a 100% success rate and a 15.2% overall complication rate with 4.5% morbidity. Current smoking was a significant risk factor associated with procedure-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.K., H.J.H., J.C., Y.B.K., K.Y.P.)
| | - H J Han
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.K., H.J.H., J.C., Y.B.K., K.Y.P.)
| | - W Lee
- Severance Stroke Center, and Department of Neurosurgery (W.L., S.K.P.), Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Park
- Severance Stroke Center, and Department of Neurosurgery (W.L., S.K.P.), Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Chung
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.K., H.J.H., J.C., Y.B.K., K.Y.P.)
| | - Y B Kim
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.K., H.J.H., J.C., Y.B.K., K.Y.P.)
| | - K Y Park
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.K., H.J.H., J.C., Y.B.K., K.Y.P.)
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26
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Gul CB, Yildiz A, Sag S, Oruc A, Ersoy A, Gullulu S. The Effect of Smoking on Endothelial Dysfunction in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients with Preserved Renal Function. Ren Fail 2021; 43:1124-1129. [PMID: 34256663 PMCID: PMC8279153 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1949348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), endothelial dysfunction (ED) is common and occurs much earlier than kidney function impairment. The impact of smoking on ED in ADPKD patients has not been previously studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential contribution of smoking habits to ED and subclinical atherosclerosis in these patients. Methods This case-control study included 54 ADPKD patients with preserved renal function and 45 healthy control subjects. ED was assessed using ischemia-induced forearm flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured from 10 mm proximal to the right common carotid artery. Clinical demographic characteristics and laboratory data were recorded for the patients and control group. Regression analysis was used to determine independent associations of ED and CIMT. Results FMD was significantly lower in the ADPKD patients (19.5 ± 5.63 vs. 16.56 ± 6.41, p = .018). Compared with nonsmoker ADPKD patients, smoker patients had significantly lower FMD values (18.19 ± 6.52 vs. 13.79 ± 5.27, p = .013). In multiple regression analysis, age (β = –0.294, 95% CI: −0.392: −1.96, p = .001) for FMD and smoking (β = 1.328, 95% CI: 0.251, 2.404, p = .017) for CIMT were independent predictors. Conclusions Patients with ADPKD had more impaired endothelial function and subclinical atherosclerosis compared with control subjects. Smoking may increase the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in ADPKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuma Bulent Gul
- Department of Nephrology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Abdulmecit Yildiz
- Department of Nephrology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Saim Sag
- Department of Cardiology, Acibadem University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Oruc
- Department of Nephrology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Ersoy
- Department of Nephrology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Gullulu
- Department of Cardiology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
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27
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Jang WY, Lee SN, Her SH, Moon D, Moon KW, Yoo KD, Lee K, Choi IJ, Lee JH, Lee JH, Lee SR, Lee SW, Yun KH, Lee HJ. Effect of smoking on clinical outcomes in patients receiving rotational atherectomy in calcified coronary lesions: from the ROCK Registry, South Korea. Ann Saudi Med 2021; 41:191-197. [PMID: 34420394 PMCID: PMC8380281 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2021.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking and its harmful health effects also increase economic burdens globally. Surprisingly, despite the detrimental health consequences of smoking, some studies have shown better survival among smokers compared with non-smokers, a phenomenon called "smoker's paradox". However, the impact of smoking status on clinical outcomes in severe calcified coronary artery disease (CAD) patients has yet to be reported. OBJECTIVES Investigate the impact of smoking on clinical outcomes in calcified CAD receiving rotational atherectomy (RA). DESIGN Retrospective review of medical records. SETTING Multicenter registry in South Korea. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multicenter registry included consecutive patients with calcified CAD who underwent RA at nine tertiary centers in Korea between January 2010 and October 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Target-vessel failure (TVF) which included the composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI), and target-vessel revascularization (TVR). SAMPLE SIZE 583 lesions in 540 patients followed for a median of 16.1 months. RESULTS Lesions were divided into two groups: non-smokers (n=472, 81.0%) and smokers (n=111, 19.0%). TVF in the smoker group was significantly more frequent than in non-smoker group (log rank P=.016). The inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis also showed that smoking was significantly associated with a higher incidence of the primary outcome (HR: 1.617; 95% CI: 1.127-2.320; P=.009), cardiac death (HR 1.912; 95% CI: 1.105-3.311; P=.021), myocardial infarction (HR: 3.914; 95% CI: 1.884-8.132; P<.001), TVMI (HR: 3.234; 95% CI: 1.130-9.258; P=.029), and TVR (HR: 1.661; 95% CI: 1.043-2.643; P=.032). However, any bleeding was significantly observed less in the smokers. CONCLUSION Smoking is significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes in CAD patients requiring RA. LIMITATIONS Retrospective design. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Young Jang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Saint Vincent's Hospital, Suon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Su Nam Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Saint Vincent's Hospital, Suon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Her
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Saint Vincent's Hospital, Suon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Donggyu Moon
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Saint Vincent's Hospital, Suon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Keon-Woong Moon
- From the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Catholic University of Korea, Saint Vincent's Hospital, Suon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ki-Dong Yoo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Saint Vincent's Hospital, Suon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyusup Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Daejon Saint Mary's Hospital, Daejon, South Korea
| | - Ik Jun Choi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Korea Incheon, Saint Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jang Hoon Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Saegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Rok Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Seung-Wan Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Ho Yun
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
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Wang Q, Ji X, Rahman I. Dysregulated Metabolites Serve as Novel Biomarkers for Metabolic Diseases Caused by E-Cigarette Vaping and Cigarette Smoking. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060345. [PMID: 34072305 PMCID: PMC8229291 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites are essential intermediate products in metabolism, and metabolism dysregulation indicates different types of diseases. Previous studies have shown that cigarette smoke dysregulated metabolites; however, limited information is available with electronic cigarette (e-cig) vaping. We hypothesized that e-cig vaping and cigarette smoking alters systemic metabolites, and we propose to understand the specific metabolic signature between e-cig users and cigarette smokers. Plasma from non-smoker controls, cigarette smokers, and e-cig users was collected, and metabolites were identified by UPLC-MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer). Nicotine degradation was activated by e-cig vaping and cigarette smoking with increased concentrations of cotinine, cotinine N-oxide, (S)-nicotine, and (R)-6-hydroxynicotine. Additionally, we found significantly decreased concentrations in metabolites associated with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathways in e-cig users versus cigarette smokers, such as d-glucose, (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate, (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate, O-phosphoethanolamine, malathion, d-threo-isocitrate, malic acid, and 4-acetamidobutanoic acid. Cigarette smoking significant upregulated sphingolipid metabolites, such as d-sphingosine, ceramide, N-(octadecanoyl)-sphing-4-enine, N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine, and N-[(13Z)-docosenoyl]-sphingosine, versus e-cig vaping. Overall, e-cig vaping dysregulated TCA cycle-related metabolites while cigarette smoking altered sphingolipid metabolites. Both e-cig and cigarette smoke increased nicotinic metabolites. Therefore, specific metabolic signatures altered by e-cig vaping and cigarette smoking could serve as potential systemic biomarkers for early pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Xiangming Ji
- Department of Nutrition, Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
- Correspondence:
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29
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Lewis CR, Talboom JS, De Both MD, Schmidt AM, Naymik MA, Håberg AK, Rundek T, Levin BE, Hoscheidt S, Bolla Y, Brinton RD, Hay M, Barnes CA, Glisky E, Ryan L, Huentelman MJ. Smoking is associated with impaired verbal learning and memory performance in women more than men. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10248. [PMID: 33986309 PMCID: PMC8119711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) include structural and functional blood vessel injuries linked to poor neurocognitive outcomes. Smoking might indirectly increase the likelihood of cognitive impairment by exacerbating vascular disease risks. Sex disparities in VCID have been reported, however, few studies have assessed the sex-specific relationships between smoking and memory performance and with contradictory results. We investigated the associations between sex, smoking, and cardiovascular disease with verbal learning and memory function. Using MindCrowd, an observational web-based cohort of ~ 70,000 people aged 18-85, we investigated whether sex modifies the relationship between smoking and cardiovascular disease with verbal memory performance. We found significant interactions in that smoking is associated with verbal learning performance more in women and cardiovascular disease more in men across a wide age range. These results suggest that smoking and cardiovascular disease may impact verbal learning and memory throughout adulthood differently for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Lewis
- grid.250942.80000 0004 0507 3225The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - J. S. Talboom
- grid.250942.80000 0004 0507 3225The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - M. D. De Both
- grid.250942.80000 0004 0507 3225The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - A. M. Schmidt
- grid.250942.80000 0004 0507 3225The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - M. A. Naymik
- grid.250942.80000 0004 0507 3225The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - A. K. Håberg
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - T. Rundek
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XEvelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - B. E. Levin
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XEvelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - S. Hoscheidt
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Y. Bolla
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - R. D. Brinton
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - M. Hay
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - C. A. Barnes
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - E. Glisky
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - L. Ryan
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - M. J. Huentelman
- grid.250942.80000 0004 0507 3225The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA ,Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
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30
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The Potential Role of Creatine in Vascular Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030857. [PMID: 33807747 PMCID: PMC7999364 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine is an organic compound, consumed exogenously in the diet and synthesized endogenously via an intricate inter-organ process. Functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase, creatine has long been known for its pivotal role in cellular energy provision and energy shuttling. In addition to the abundance of evidence supporting the ergogenic benefits of creatine supplementation, recent evidence suggests a far broader application for creatine within various myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases, and other pathologies. Furthermore, creatine has been found to exhibit non-energy related properties, contributing as a possible direct and in-direct antioxidant and eliciting anti-inflammatory effects. In spite of the new clinical success of supplemental creatine, there is little scientific insight into the potential effects of creatine on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality. Taking into consideration the non-energy related actions of creatine, highlighted in this review, it can be speculated that creatine supplementation may serve as an adjuvant therapy for the management of vascular health in at-risk populations. This review, therefore, not only aims to summarize the current literature surrounding creatine and vascular health, but to also shed light onto the potential mechanisms in which creatine may be able to serve as a beneficial supplement capable of imparting vascular-protective properties and promoting vascular health.
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31
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Lee SN, Choi IJ, Lim S, Choo EH, Hwang BH, Kim CJ, Park MW, Lee JM, Park CS, Kim HY, Yoo KD, Jeon DS, Youn HJ, Chung WS, Kim MC, Jeong MH, Ahn Y, Chang K. Effects of Smoking on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Lung Cancer in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Korean Circ J 2021; 51:336-348. [PMID: 33821583 PMCID: PMC8022024 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2020.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Smoking is well-established as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. However, recent studies demonstrated favorable results, including reduced mortality, among smokers, which are referred to as the "smoker's paradox". This study examined the impact of smoking on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS Patients with AMI undergoing PCI between 2004 and 2014 were enrolled and classified according to smoking status. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and revascularization. RESULTS Among the 10,683 patients, 4,352 (40.7%) were current smokers. Smokers were 10.7 years younger and less likely to have comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and prior PCI. Smokers had less MACE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.644; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.594-0.698; p<0.001) and cardiac death (HR, 0.494; 95% CI, 0.443-0.551; p<0.001) compared to nonsmokers during the 5 years in an unadjusted model. However, after propensity-score matching, smokers showed higher risk of MACE (HR, 1.125; 95% CI, 1.009-1.254; p=0.034) and cardiac death (HR, 1.190; 95% CI, 1.026-1.381; p=0.022). Smoking was a strong independent predictor of lung cancer (propensity-score matched HR, 2.749; 95% CI, 1.416-5.338; p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the unadjusted model, smoking is associated with worse cardiovascular outcome and higher incidence of lung cancer after adjustment of various confounding factors. This result can be explained by the characteristics of smokers, which were young and had fewer comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Nam Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ik Jun Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sungmin Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ho Choo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Joon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mahn Won Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Soo Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Yeol Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Dong Yoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Soo Jeon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joong Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook Sung Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Chul Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Cardiovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Cardiovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Shaffer RM, Sheppard L, Peskind ER, Zhang J, Adar SD, Li G. Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Vascular Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:1015-1025. [PMID: 31476158 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular diseases play an important role in dementia. Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular disease, with growing links to neurodegeneration. Prior studies demonstrate associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and biomarkers of endothelial injury in the blood; however, no studies have evaluated these biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). OBJECTIVE We evaluate associations between short-term and long-term PM2.5 exposure with CSF vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and e-selectin in cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/Alzheimer's disease (AD) individuals. METHODS We collected CSF from 133 community volunteers at VA Puget Sound between 2001-2012. We assigned short-term PM2.5 from central monitors and long-term PM2.5 based on annual average exposure predictions linked to participant addresses. We performed analyses stratified by cognitive status and adjusted for key covariates with tiered models. Our primary exposure windows for the short-term and long-term analyses were 7-day and 1-year averages, respectively. RESULTS Among cognitively normal individuals, a 5 μg/m3 increase in 7-day and 1-year average PM2.5 was associated with elevated VCAM-1 (7-day: 35.4 (9.7, 61.1) ng/ml; 1-year: 51.8 (6.5, 97.1) ng/ml). A 5 μg/m3 increase in 1-year average PM2.5, but not 7-day average, was associated with elevated e-selectin (53.3 (11.0, 95.5) pg/ml). We found no consistent associations among MCI/AD individuals. CONCLUSIONS We report associations between short-term and long term PM2.5 and CSF biomarkers of vascular damage in cognitively normal adults. These results are aligned with prior research linking PM2.5 to vascular damage in other biofluids as well as emerging evidence of the role of PM2.5 in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Shaffer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- VA Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, WA, USA
| | - Ge Li
- VA Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
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33
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Florêncio FKZ, Tenório MDO, Macedo ARA, de Lima SG. Aspirin with or without statin in the treatment of endotheliitis, thrombosis, and ischemia in coronavirus disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20200472. [PMID: 32965455 PMCID: PMC7508194 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0472-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the genesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), there is a process of endotheliitis associated with thrombotic changes, no studies have reported the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as a possible therapeutic approach. Statins could potentiate the ASA therapy. METHODS This is a series of 14 cases with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. All patients underwent the ASA therapy. Those who had risk factors for vascular disease also underwent the high-potency statin therapy. When symptoms were totally or practically resolved, patients were discharged and advised to continue medications for a complementary time, according to the clinical evolution of each patient. RESULTS The mean age of monitored patients was 48.6 years. A total of 78.6% patients presented with at least one comorbidity, which could have contributed as a risk factor for a poor prognosis in the evolution of COVID-19. Four patients had secondary bacterial infections; three patients needed hospitalization. None of the cases progress to stage III, and all patients had remission of symptoms, with 100% survival. CONCLUSIONS the process of endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19 involves disseminated thrombosis, initially microvascular and later expansion into larger vessels. ASA could act as a secondary prophylaxis and prevent thrombosis from developing and reaching stage III of the disease. As this was a case series, we cannot provide definitive conclusions; however, this study allows us to formulate hypotheses and support clinical trials to evaluate benefits of the ASA therapy in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Kleyton Zacarias Florêncio
- Hospital Metropolitano Sul Dom Hélder Câmara, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Serviço de Cardiologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Aluísio Roberto Andrade Macedo
- Hospital Metropolitano Sul Dom Hélder Câmara, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Serviço de Cardiologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Sandro Gonçalves de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Serviço de Cardiologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Clarke H, Kim DH, Meza CA, Ormsbee MJ, Hickner RC. The Evolving Applications of Creatine Supplementation: Could Creatine Improve Vascular Health? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092834. [PMID: 32947909 PMCID: PMC7551337 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine is a naturally occurring compound, functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase to play a quintessential role in both cellular energy provision and intracellular energy shuttling. An extensive body of literature solidifies the plethora of ergogenic benefits gained following dietary creatine supplementation; however, recent findings have further indicated a potential therapeutic role for creatine in several pathologies such as myopathies, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disturbances, chronic kidney disease and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, creatine has been found to exhibit non-energy-related properties, such as serving as a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Despite the therapeutic success of creatine supplementation in varying clinical populations, there is scarce information regarding the potential application of creatine for combatting the current leading cause of mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD). Taking into consideration the broad ergogenic and non-energy-related actions of creatine, we hypothesize that creatine supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for improving vascular health in at-risk populations such as older adults or those with CVD. With an extensive literature search, we have found only four clinical studies that have investigated the direct effect of creatine on vascular health and function. In this review, we aim to give a short background on the pleiotropic applications of creatine, and to then summarize the current literature surrounding creatine and vascular health. Furthermore, we discuss the varying mechanisms by which creatine could benefit vascular health and function, such as the impact of creatine supplementation upon inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Clarke
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (H.C.); (D.-H.K.); (C.A.M.); (M.J.O.)
| | - Do-Houn Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (H.C.); (D.-H.K.); (C.A.M.); (M.J.O.)
| | - Cesar A. Meza
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (H.C.); (D.-H.K.); (C.A.M.); (M.J.O.)
| | - Michael J. Ormsbee
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (H.C.); (D.-H.K.); (C.A.M.); (M.J.O.)
- Department of Biokenetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 4041, South Africa
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, 1104 Spirit Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Robert C. Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (H.C.); (D.-H.K.); (C.A.M.); (M.J.O.)
- Department of Biokenetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 4041, South Africa
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, 1104 Spirit Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence:
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Association of Carboxyhemoglobin Levels with Peripheral Arterial Disease in Chronic Smokers Managed at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155581. [PMID: 32748882 PMCID: PMC7432926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cigarette smokers (CCS) are known to have elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). However, it is not known whether increased levels of COHb are associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED), and therefore the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aim of the study was to investigate the association of blood COHb and plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels, and whether it is an independent risk factor in the development of PAD among CCS at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH). A sample of 120 CCS with PAD and a convenience sample of 100 CCS without PAD were recruited into the study. Blood COHb levels were measured using the ABL 90 FLEX CO-oximeter automated spectroscopy. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels were measure using ELISA. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of blood COHb and plasma NO with PAD. Blood COHb levels of CCS with PAD were significantly higher than those of CCS without PAD, and the NO levels of CCS with PAD were significantly lower than those of CCS without PAD. Although both the blood COHb and plasma NO in CCS were significantly associated with PAD in bivariate logistic analysis, only plasma NO was independently associated with PAD in multivariate logistic analysis. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that COHb is a cause of arterial damage in PAD, leading to reduced NO, and therefore reduced arterial dilation.
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Prantl L, Moellhoff N, Fritschen UV, Germann G, Giunta RE, Zeman F, Kehrer A, Lonic D, Broer PN, Ehrl D, Heidekrueger PI. Impact of Smoking Status in Free Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Multicenter Study. J Reconstr Microsurg 2020; 36:694-702. [PMID: 32726819 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several patient-related factors have been identified with regard to the safety and efficacy of breast reconstructions. Using the largest database available in Europe, the presented study investigated the impact of cigarette smoking on deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) free-flap breast reconstructions. METHODS In total, 3,926 female patients underwent 4,577 free DIEP-flap breast reconstructions after malignancies in 22 different German breast cancer centers. The cases were divided into two groups: nonsmokers (NS) and smokers (S). Impact of smoking on surgical complications, controlled for covariates, and cluster effects within the cancer centers were analyzed by using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS Overall, there was no significant difference between the groups of patients regarding the rate of total flap loss. However, the rate of partial flap loss (0.9 vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001) and wound-healing disturbances requiring revision surgery (donor site: 1.5 vs. 4.0; recipient site: 1.3 vs. 3.6%, both p < 0.001) was significantly higher in smokers. Multivariable analysis identified smoking to be an independent risk factor for revision surgery (p = 0.001) and partial flap loss (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that successful free tissue transfer can be achieved in smokers despite higher rates of partial flap losses and wound-healing disturbances. However, patients with a history of smoking requiring DIEP flap reconstruction should be critically evaluated preoperatively, informed in detail about the higher risk of complications and encouraged to quit smoking prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Prantl
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Moellhoff
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe V Fritschen
- Department of Plastic and Esthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Helios Hospital Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guenter Germann
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Esthetic and Handsurgery, ETHIANUM Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo E Giunta
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kehrer
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Lonic
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Niclas Broer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, Bogenhausen Academic Teaching Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Ehrl
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Paul I Heidekrueger
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Mehta S, Srivastava N, Bhatia A, Dhawan V. Exposure of cigarette smoke condensate activates NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo: A connotation of innate immunity and atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106561. [PMID: 32402952 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking is known to have detrimental effects on cardiovascular system. However, the potential molecular basis of smoking-induced atherosclerosis remains unclear. NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in perpetuation of inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Therefore, we aimed to explore the cytotoxic effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo. METHODS For in vitro study, the pro-atherogenic effects of CSC were evaluated in THP-1 monocytes with different dose concentrations (0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 20 µg/ml) for varied time periods (6, 12, 24 and 48 h). For in vivo study, 30 male C57BL/6J mice were employed. 6 mice were sacrificed for baseline investigations. 24 mice were randomly divided into four groups: Group-I:Control mice, Group-II:CSC model, Group-III:High-fat diet(HFD) model, and Group-IV:HFD + CSC model for 14 weeks (n = 6/group). The group-II and IV mice were injected with 720 µg CSC/20 g body weight intraperitoneally (6 days/week). RESULTS In vitro, higher dosage of CSC (20 µg/ml) was toxic to cells as significant decline in cell viability and proliferation was observed. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and its pro-cytokine levels were significantly augmented on CSC exposure in a dose-dependent manner but impeded in time-dependent manner. In vivo, CSC and HFD independently augmented the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome (~4-10 fold-change) along with pro-cytokine levels in Group-II and III vs Group-I mice whereas, HFD + CSC treatment demonstrated synergistic effects in Group-IV. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CSC activates NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo and collectively with HFD has synergistic effects in vivo that may promote atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Mehta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Niharika Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Alarabi AB, Karim ZA, Ramirez JEM, Hernandez KR, Lozano PA, Rivera JO, Alshbool FZ, Khasawneh FT. Short-Term Exposure to Waterpipe/Hookah Smoke Triggers a Hyperactive Platelet Activation State and Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:335-349. [PMID: 31941383 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease is a major public health problem. Among cardiovascular disease's risk factors, tobacco smoking is considered the single most preventable cause of death, with thrombosis being the main mechanism of cardiovascular disease mortality in smokers. While tobacco smoking has been on the decline, the use of waterpipes/hookah has been rising, mainly due to the perception that they are less harmful than regular cigarettes. Strikingly, there are few studies on the negative effects of waterpipes on the cardiovascular system, and none regarding their direct contribution to thrombus formation. Approach and Results: We used a waterpipe whole-body exposure protocol that mimics real-life human exposure scenarios and investigated its effects, relative to clean air, on platelet function, hemostasis, and thrombogenesis. We found that waterpipe smoke (WPS)-exposed mice exhibited both shortened thrombus occlusion and bleeding times. Further, our results show that platelets from WPS-exposed mice are hyperactive, with enhanced agonist-induced aggregation, dense and α-granule secretion, αIIbβ3 integrin activation, phosphatidylserine expression, and platelet spreading, when compared with clean air-exposed platelets. Finally, at the molecular level, it was found that Akt (protein kinase B) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) phosphorylation are enhanced in the WPS and in nicotine-treated platelets. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that WPS exposure directly modulates hemostasis and increases the risk of thrombosis and that this is mediated, in part, via a state of platelet hyperactivity. The negative health impact of WPS/hookah, therefore, should not be underestimated. Moreover, this study should also help in raising public awareness of the toxic effects of waterpipe/hookah.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed B Alarabi
- From the Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso
| | - Zubair A Karim
- From the Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso
| | - Jean E Montes Ramirez
- From the Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso
| | - Keziah R Hernandez
- From the Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso
| | - Patricia A Lozano
- From the Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso
| | - José O Rivera
- From the Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- From the Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- From the Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso
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Grappasonni I, Scuri S, Petrelli F, Nguyen CTT, Sibilio F, Di Canio M, Samad MA, Amenta F. Survey on smoking habits among seafarers. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:489-497. [PMID: 31910174 PMCID: PMC7233783 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i4.9001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populations living in stressful environments experience higher mortality from lung cancer and chronic diseases. Work-related stress was identified as important determinant of smoking together to health problems caused by a incorrect lifestyles. Aim of the work was to analyze tobacco smoking addiction in seafarers working on merchant ships. Only a few studies are available on this topic. METHODS The survey was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire. The total number of questionnaires filled-in was 1478, out of 2000 distributed (response rate 73.9 %). RESULTS About half of the sample (55.07%) has never smoked, the 28.96% is currently a smoker, while 15.97% of responders belong to the category of ex-smokers. Analysis of the number of cigarettes smoked every day based on the rank shows that captains and officers smoke more cigarettes than the crew members who smoke 10 cigarettes maximum per day. Analysis of the level of dependence among the smokers group by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) revealed that a 89.0% of sample has a low/very low dependence level, and only the 10.98% of the sample show a high/very high dependence. A further analysis of the results of FTND in the different age groups has shown that the 41-50 and 51-60 age groups have high dependence levels. CONCLUSIONS Working on board is associated to a high risk for chronic, lifestyle-related diseases, due also to lifestyle behaviours. This study suggests to further investigate the presence of other risk factors such as diet, physical exercise, combined with tobacco smoking, obesity. (www.actabiomedica.it).
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Nagaraj SV, Mori A, Reddy M. Association of Hemorrhoid Vascular Injuries with Cigarette Smoking-An Evaluation with Interesting Prospects. Surg J (N Y) 2019; 5:e172-e176. [PMID: 31720374 PMCID: PMC6837905 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Hemorrhoids are vascular structures in the anal canal which are seldom used to evaluate vascular diseases. Cigarette smoking is well-known to cause both arterial and venous vascular injuries. However, the impact of smoking on hemorrhoid vasculature is unknown.
Objective
Considering that vasculature in the hemorrhoids has the same anatomy and pathophysiology of vascular damage as other systemic vasculatures, we conducted this study to evaluate the relation between smoking and incidence of hemorrhoidal vascular injury.
Design and Data Analysis
Retrospective review of all the screening colonoscopies performed at our Department of Gastroenterology (predominantly serving urban minority population) over 3 years was conducted and patients with recorded smoking history were included in the study (
n
= 242). Fisher's exact test with two-tailed
p
-value and odds ratio were used to evaluate for the association between smoking and incidence of hemorrhoids.
Results
We studied 242 subjects and found statistically significant association between smoking and hemorrhoids (
p
< 0.05) with the risk of developing hemorrhoids among smokers being 2.4 times that of a nonsmoker. We further noted no significant difference in the incidence of hemorrhoidal vascular injuries between the past versus current smokers and male versus female smokers.
Conclusion
This is one of the first studies to establish an association between smoking and hemorrhoids. Our study shows that the hemorrhoidal vasculature is impacted by smoking similar to other vascular systems. This study sheds light on the possibility of evaluating hemorrhoids for clues of other systemic and gastrointestinal vascular damage. This correlation can add clinical value especially given the flexibility of assessing hemorrhoids as an outpatient in a cost effective and comfortable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savitha V Nagaraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Amit Mori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Digestive Disease, Shenandoah, Texas
| | - Madhavi Reddy
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
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Leon-Acuña A, Torres-Peña JD, Alcala-Diaz JF, Vals-Delgado C, Roncero-Ramos I, Yubero-Serrano E, Tinahones FJ, Castro-Clerico M, Delgado-Lista J, Ordovas JM, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Martinez P. Lifestyle factors modulate postprandial hypertriglyceridemia: From the CORDIOPREV study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 290:118-124. [PMID: 31605877 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent evidence suggests that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPT) is associated with the incidence of CVD. Several non-modifiable factors (genetics, age, gender) and lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, regular alcohol) have shown their ability to modulate PPT. We evaluate the influence of regular alcohol intake, physical activity and smoking habit modulating PPT in the CORDIOPREV study (NCT00924937). METHODS 1002 patients were subject to an oral fat load test meal and serial blood samples were drawn at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h during postprandial state. A PPT concentration above 2.5 mmol/L (220 mg/dL) at any time point has been established as a detrimental response. Alcohol consumption was defined as non-drinkers, moderate and severe intake; regular physical activity exceeding than or lower than 1000 MET/week; smoking habit was classified in current, never, recent ex-smokers and long-term ex-smokers. RESULTS The prevalence of undesirable PPT response was 68% in current, 58% in recent ex-smokers, 49% in long-term ex-smokers and 48% in never smokers (p < 0.001). Current and recent ex-smokers displayed higher PPT response as well as a greater area under the curve (AUC) and higher incremental (iAUC) of triglycerides (TG) compared with long-term ex-smokers and never smokers (p < 0.05), without differences among these subgroups. No differences were observed in the magnitude of PPT according to regular physical activity or alcohol intake habits. CONCLUSIONS Smoking is an independent risk factor modulating the magnitude of PPT. However, after tobacco cessation, ex-smokers show a progressive decrease on their PPT to reach levels similar to those of never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Leon-Acuña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose D Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Vals-Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Roncero-Ramos
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; IMDEA Alimentación, Madrid, Spain; CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain.
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Farsalinos KE, Polosa R, Cibella F, Niaura R. Is e-cigarette use associated with coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction? Insights from the 2016 and 2017 National Health Interview Surveys. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319877741. [PMID: 31632622 PMCID: PMC6767743 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319877741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) of 2016 (n = 33,028) and 2017 (n = 26,742) to examine whether e-cigarette use is consistently associated with myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS Surveys were examined separately and pooled. Logistic regression analysis was used, with demographics, e-cigarette use, smoking and risk factors for CHD (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes) being independent variables. Former smokers were subclassified according to quit duration (⩽ 6 and > 6 years). RESULTS For MI, an association was observed with some days e-cigarette (but not daily) use in the 2017 survey (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.14-3.88, p = 0.017). No statistically significant association was observed in the pooled analysis (daily e-cigarette use: OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.80-2.27, p = 0.267). For CHD, an association was observed with daily e-cigarette use in the 2016 survey (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.01-3.53, p = 0.047). From the pooled analysis, no association was found between any pattern of e-cigarette use and CHD. In single-year and pooled analysis, both MI and CHD were strongly associated with all patterns of smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and age. CONCLUSIONS The pooled analysis of the 2016 and 2017 NHIS showed no association between e-cigarette use and MI or CHD. The associations between established risk factors, including smoking, and both conditions were remarkably consistent. The inconsistent associations observed in single-year surveys and the cross-sectional design of the NHIS cannot substantiate any link between e-cigarette use and an elevated risk for MI or CHD. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore the effects of e-cigarette use on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos E Farsalinos
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Sygrou 356,
Kallithea 17674, Greece Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio,
Greece National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the acceleration of
HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of
Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Raymond Niaura
- Departments of Social and Behavioral Science and
Epidemiology, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New
York, USA
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Qasim H, Alarabi AB, Alzoubi KH, Karim ZA, Alshbool FZ, Khasawneh FT. The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:58. [PMID: 31521105 PMCID: PMC6745078 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hookah or waterpipe smoking or use is an emerging trend in the US population, especially among the youth. The misperception of hookah being less harmful than cigarettes and the availability of different but "appealing" flavors are considered among the main reasons for this trend. Hookah users however are exposed to many of the same toxic compounds/by-products as cigarette users, but at dramatically higher levels, which might lead to more severe negative health effects. In fact, hookah users are at risks of infections, cancers, lung disease, and other medical conditions. Moreover, because of the overlapping toxicant/chemical profile to conventional cigarettes, hookah smoke effects on the cardiovascular system are thought to be comparable to those of conventional cigarettes. A major source of tobacco addiction is nicotine, whose levels in hookah are extremely variable as they depend on the type of tobacco used. Taken together, in this review of literature, we will provide insights on the negative health effects of hookah in general, with a focus on what is known regarding its impact on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Qasim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA
| | - Ahmed B Alarabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zubair A Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA.
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA.
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Yadav M, Mintz GS, Généreux P, Liu M, McAndrew T, Redfors B, Madhavan MV, Leon MB, Stone GW. The Smoker's Paradox Revisited: A Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of 18 Randomized Controlled Trials. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12:1941-1950. [PMID: 31521646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the smoker's paradox using patient-level data from 18 prospective, randomized trials of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation. BACKGROUND Studies on the effects of smoking and outcomes among patients undergoing PCI have reported conflicting results. METHODS Data from the RAVEL, E-SIRIUS, SIRIUS, C-SIRIUS, TAXUS IV and V, ENDEAVOR II to IV, SPIRIT II to IV, HORIZONS-AMI, COMPARE I and II, PLATINUM, and TWENTE I and II randomized trials were pooled. Patients were stratified by smoking status at time of enrollment. The 1- and 5-year ischemic outcomes were compared. RESULTS Among 24,354 patients with available data on smoking status, 6,722 (27.6%) were current smokers. Smokers were younger and less likely to have diabetes mellitus; hypertension; hyperlipidemia; or prior myocardial infarction (MI), PCI, or coronary artery bypass grafting. Angiographically, smokers had longer lesions, more complex lesions, and more occlusions, but were less likely to have moderate or severe calcification or tortuosity. At 5 years, smokers had significantly higher rates of MI (7.8% vs. 5.6%; p < 0.0001) and definite or probable stent thrombosis (3.5% vs. 1.8%; p < 0.0001); however, there were no differences in the rates of death, cardiac death, target lesion revascularization, or composite endpoints (cardiac death, target vessel MI, or ischemic target lesion revascularization). After multivariable adjustment for potential confounders, smoking was a strong independent predictor of death (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63 to 2.12; p < 0.0001), cardiac death (HR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.05; p < 0.0001), MI (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.58; p < 0.0001), stent thrombosis (HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.99; p < 0.0001), and target lesion failure (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.30; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The present large, patient-level, pooled analysis with 5-year follow-up clearly demonstrates smoking to be an important predictor of adverse outcomes after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Yadav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, New York, New York
| | - Gary S Mintz
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Philippe Généreux
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York; Gagnon Cardiovascular Institute, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mengdan Liu
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Thomas McAndrew
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Björn Redfors
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Mahesh V Madhavan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Martin B Leon
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Gregg W Stone
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
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Gutowska K, Formanowicz D, Formanowicz P. Selected Aspects of Tobacco-Induced Prothrombotic State, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets. Interdiscip Sci 2019; 11:373-386. [PMID: 30584644 PMCID: PMC6660494 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-018-0310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and hemostatic disturbances, affect formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. In our study, we have focused on hemostatic disturbances with particular emphasis on the extrinsic pathways of coagulation. Thrombin is a main enzyme of coagulation and it is engaged in many different subprocesses. It leads to activation of factors of the coagulation cascade, transition of fibrinogen to fibrin monomer, endothelial damage, inflammation, activation of platelets and proliferation. In our study, selected aspects of disorders in prothrombotic states influenced by cigarette smoke have been modeled and analyzed. Tobacco-induced increased tissue factor, which is associated with less plasminogen activator and increased plasminogen activator-1 inhibitor, has been included in the presented model. These disorders together with accompanying inflammatory state are closely related to thrombus formation and cardiovascular disease promotion. The proposed model has been built using Petri nets and the analysis has been based mainly on t-invariants. Using the Petri net theory to model and analyze the investigated phenomena allows to better understand them by revealing some interesting dependencies in the studied biological system. It explains how tobacco smoke affects the analyzed processes and how harmful these effects are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Gutowska
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Formanowicz
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
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Carroll AJ, Huffman MD, Zhao L, Jacobs DR, Stewart JC, Kiefe CI, Liu K, Hitsman B. Evaluating Longitudinal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms, Smoking, and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in the CARDIA Study. Psychosom Med 2019; 81:372-379. [PMID: 30624288 PMCID: PMC6499647 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between 15-year trajectories of co-occurring depressive symptoms and smoking with biomarkers of cardiovascular disease at year 15. METHODS In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, we modeled trajectories of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale [CES-D]) and smoking (cigarettes per day [CPD]) among 3614 adults followed from year 0 (ages 18-30 years) through year 15 (ages 33-45 years). Biomarkers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, F2-isoprostanes), and endothelial dysfunction (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, soluble P-selectin) were assessed at year 15. We conducted separate linear regression analyses with CES-D trajectory, CPD trajectory, and their interaction with each of the five biomarkers. RESULTS The sample was 56% women, 47% black, and 40 years old on average at year 15. The CES-D trajectory by CPD trajectory interaction was not associated with any of the biomarkers (all p's > .01). Removing the interaction term, CES-D trajectory was associated with inflammation: higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were observed in the subthreshold (β = 0.57, p = .004) and increasing depressive symptoms (β = 1.36, p < .001) trajectories compared with the no depression trajectory. CPD trajectory was associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction: compared with never smokers, heavy smokers had significantly higher levels of F2-isoprostanes (β = 6.20, p = .001), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (β = 24.98, p < .001), and soluble P-selectin (β = 2.91, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Co-occurring depressive symptoms and smoking do not seem to synergistically convey risk for cardiovascular disease via processes of inflammation, oxidative stress, or endothelial dysfunction. Nonetheless, these results advance our understanding of the complex relationships between modifiable risk factors and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Carroll
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Mark D. Huffman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Lihui Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
| | - Jesse C. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
| | - Catarina I. Kiefe
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Brian Hitsman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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Grafetstätter M, Hüsing A, González Maldonado S, Sookthai D, Johnson T, Pletsch-Borba L, Katzke VA, Hoffmeister M, Bugert P, Kaaks R, Kühn T. Plasma Fibrinogen and sP-Selectin are Associated with the Risk of Lung Cancer in a Prospective Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1221-1227. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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48
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Manuneedhi Cholan P, Cartland SP, Dang L, Rayner BS, Patel S, Thomas SR, Kavurma MM. TRAIL protects against endothelial dysfunction in vivo and inhibits angiotensin-II-induced oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:341-349. [PMID: 30165101 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is critical for maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction is a key event of atherosclerosis, with oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) playing a major role. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is increasingly recognised to play a protective role in atherosclerosis, however the molecular mechanisms by which it exerts its beneficial effects are unclear. Here we examined if TRAIL could attenuate vascular oxidative stress and improve endothelial cell (EC) function. In coronary artery disease patients, plasma TRAIL levels were significantly reduced compared to healthy individuals, and negatively correlated with the levels of circulating 8-iso Prostaglandin F2α, a marker of in vivo oxidative stress. In vivo, high-fat fed, atherosclerotic Trail-/-Apoe-/- mice exhibited a significant impairment in endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, which correlated with increased vascular ROS and 4-hydroxynonenal compared to Apoe-/- mice. Endothelial permeability measured by Evan's blue dye extravasation was increased in several organs of Trail-/- mice compared to wild-type mice, which correlated with a decrease in VE-cadherin expression. In vitro in ECs, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced ROS generation involving the mitochondria, NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4) and eNOS, was inhibited by pre-treatment with TRAIL. Furthermore, AngII-augmented VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion to ECs was inhibited by TRAIL. Finally, AngII reduced VE-cadherin expression and redistributed this protein, all of which was brought back to baseline by TRAIL pre-treatment. These findings demonstrate for the first time that TRAIL protects against several forms of endothelial dysfunction involving its ability to control EC ROS generation. Understanding the role TRAIL plays in normal physiology and disease, may lead to potential new therapies to improve endothelial function and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Manuneedhi Cholan
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Siân P Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Lei Dang
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Rayner
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shane R Thomas
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
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Bawankar PV, Kolte AP, Kolte RA. Evaluation of stress, serum and salivary cortisol, and interleukin‐1β levels in smokers and non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1061-1068. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranjali V. Bawankar
- Department of Periodontics & ImplantologyVSPM Dental College and Research Centre Nagpur India
| | - Abhay P. Kolte
- Department of Periodontics & ImplantologyVSPM Dental College and Research Centre Nagpur India
| | - Rajashri A. Kolte
- Department of Periodontics & ImplantologyVSPM Dental College and Research Centre Nagpur India
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Genetic diagnosis of acute aortic dissection in South China Han population using next-generation sequencing. Int J Legal Med 2018; 132:1273-1280. [PMID: 30056620 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a clinically "silent," but emergent and life-threatening cardiovascular disease, and hereditary factors play an important etiologic role in the development of AAD. The purposes of this study are to definitize the diagnostic yield of 59 AAD patients, investigate the molecular pathological spectrum of AAD by NGS, and explore the future preclinical prospects of genetic diagnosis on AAD high-risk groups. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) based on screening of the 69 currently aortic dissections/aneurysms-associated genes on 59 sporadic AAD samples from South China. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was constructed to compare the event-free survival depending on variant number. Overall, 67 variants were detected in 39 patients, among which 4 patients were identified with pathogenic variants and 13 patients were diagnosed with likely pathogenic variants. Seventeen genotype positive patients were identified in aggregate, and the diagnostic yield of our study is 28.8%. All genotype-positive variants were distributed in 11 genes, FBN1 variants were in the largest number among genotype-positive variants, which were detected for 4 times, ACTA2 for 3 times, ABCC6 and TGFBR1 twice, and NOS3, MYLK, XYLT1, TIMP4, TGFBR2, CNTN3, and PON1 once. Individuals with three or more variants showed shorter mean event-free survival than patients with fewer variants. Our observations broaden the genetic pathological spectrum of AAD. Furthermore, our research uncovered two susceptibility genes FBN1 and ACTA2 for Stanford type A AAD patients. Finally, our study concluded that the number of variants an individual harbored was an important consideration in risk stratification for individualized prediction and disease diagnosis.
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