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Saeheng S, Bailes C, Bao H, Gashu K, Morency M, Arlynn T, Smertenko A, Walker BJ, Roje S. Formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase: supplying the cytosolic one-carbon network in roots with one-carbon units originating from glycolate. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2464-2483. [PMID: 39010784 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The metabolism of tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlun)-bound one-carbon (C1) units (C1 metabolism) is multifaceted and required for plant growth, but it is unclear what of many possible synthesis pathways provide C1 units in specific organelles and tissues. One possible source of C1 units is via formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase, which catalyzes the reversible ATP-driven production of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (10-formyl-H4PteGlun) from formate and tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlun). Here, we report biochemical and functional characterization of the enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtFTHFL). We show that the recombinant AtFTHFL has lower Km and kcat values with pentaglutamyl tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlu5) as compared to monoglutamyl tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlu1), resulting in virtually identical catalytic efficiencies for the two substrates. Stable transformation of Arabidopsis plants with the EGFP-tagged AtFTHFL, followed with fluorescence microscopy, demonstrated cytosolic signal. Two independent T-DNA insertion lines with impaired AtFTHFL function had shorter roots compared to the wild type plants, demonstrating the importance of this enzyme for root growth. Overexpressing AtFTHFL led to the accumulation of H4PteGlun + 5,10-methylene-H4PteGlun and serine, accompanied with the depletion of formate and glycolate, in roots of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants. This metabolic adjustment supports the hypothesis that AtFTHFL feeds the cytosolic C1 network in roots with C1 units originating from glycolate, and that these units are then used mainly for biosynthesis of serine, and not as much for the biosynthesis of 5-methyl-H4PteGlun, methionine, and S-adenosylmethionine. This finding has implications for any future attempts to engineer one-carbon unit-requiring products through manipulation of the one-carbon metabolic network in non-photosynthetic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sompop Saeheng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Center of Excellence for Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
- Plant Cell and Physiology for Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Clayton Bailes
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Han Bao
- Department of Energy-Michigan State University Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelem Gashu
- Department of Energy-Michigan State University Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Matt Morency
- Department of Energy-Michigan State University Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Tana Arlynn
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Berkley James Walker
- Department of Energy-Michigan State University Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sanja Roje
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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2
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Walker B, Schmiege SC, Sharkey TD. Re-evaluating the energy balance of the many routes of carbon flow through and from photorespiration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3365-3374. [PMID: 38804248 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Photorespiration is an essential process related to photosynthesis that is initiated following the oxygenation reaction catalyzed by rubisco, the initial enzyme of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. This reaction produces an inhibitory intermediate that is recycled back into the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle by photorespiration which requires the use of energy and the release of a portion of the carbon as CO2. The energy use and CO2 release of canonical photorespiration form a foundation for biochemical models used to describe and predict leaf carbon exchange and energy use (ATP and NAPDH). The ATP and NADPH demand of canonical photorespiration is thought to be different than that of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, requiring increased flexibility in the ratio of ATP and NADPH from the light reactions. Photorespiration requires many reactions across the chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes and involves many intermediates. Growing evidence indicates that these intermediates do not all stay in photorespiration as typically assumed and instead feed into other aspects of metabolism and leave as glycine, serine, and methylene-THF. Here we discuss how alternative flux through and from canonical photorespiration alters the ATP and NADPH requirements of metabolism following rubisco oxygenation using additional derivations of biochemical models of leaf photosynthesis and energetics. Using these new derivations, we determine that the ATP and NADPH demands of photorespiration are highly sensitive to alternative flux in ways that fundamentally changes how photorespiration contributes to the ratio of total ATP and NADPH demand. Specifically, alternative flows of carbon through photorespiration could reduce ATP and NADPH demand ratio to values below what is produced from linear electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkley Walker
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie C Schmiege
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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3
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Rosa-Téllez S, Alcántara-Enguídanos A, Martínez-Seidel F, Casatejada-Anchel R, Saeheng S, Bailes CL, Erban A, Barbosa-Medeiros D, Alepúz P, Matus JT, Kopka J, Muñoz-Bertomeu J, Krueger S, Roje S, Fernie AR, Ros R. The serine-glycine-one-carbon metabolic network orchestrates changes in nitrogen and sulfur metabolism and shapes plant development. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:404-426. [PMID: 37804096 PMCID: PMC10827325 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
L-serine (Ser) and L-glycine (Gly) are critically important for the overall functioning of primary metabolism. We investigated the interaction of the phosphorylated pathway of Ser biosynthesis (PPSB) with the photorespiration-associated glycolate pathway of Ser biosynthesis (GPSB) using Arabidopsis thaliana PPSB-deficient lines, GPSB-deficient mutants, and crosses of PPSB with GPSB mutants. PPSB-deficient lines mainly showed retarded primary root growth. Mutation of the photorespiratory enzyme Ser-hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) in a PPSB-deficient background resumed primary root growth and induced a change in the plant metabolic pattern between roots and shoots. Grafting experiments demonstrated that metabolic changes in shoots were responsible for the changes in double mutant development. PPSB disruption led to a reduction in nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) contents in shoots and a general transcriptional response to nutrient deficiency. Disruption of SHMT1 boosted the Gly flux out of the photorespiratory cycle, which increased the levels of the one-carbon (1C) metabolite 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate and S-adenosylmethionine. Furthermore, disrupting SHMT1 reverted the transcriptional response to N and S deprivation and increased N and S contents in shoots of PPSB-deficient lines. Our work provides genetic evidence of the biological relevance of the Ser-Gly-1C metabolic network in N and S metabolism and in interorgan metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rosa-Téllez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Andrea Alcántara-Enguídanos
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Ruben Casatejada-Anchel
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Sompop Saeheng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Clayton L Bailes
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Paula Alepúz
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, I²SysBio, Universitat de València—CSIC, 46908 Paterna, Spain
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstraße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanja Roje
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Roc Ros
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Pedroletti L, Moseler A, Meyer AJ. Assembly, transfer, and fate of mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3328-3344. [PMID: 36846908 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of an autonomous iron-sulfur cluster (Fe-S) assembly machinery in mitochondria, significant efforts to examine the nature of this process have been made. The assembly of Fe-S clusters occurs in two distinct steps with the initial synthesis of [2Fe-2S] clusters by a first machinery followed by a subsequent assembly into [4Fe-4S] clusters by a second machinery. Despite this knowledge, we still have only a rudimentary understanding of how Fe-S clusters are transferred and distributed among their respective apoproteins. In particular, demand created by continuous protein turnover and the sacrificial destruction of clusters for synthesis of biotin and lipoic acid reveal possible bottlenecks in the supply chain of Fe-S clusters. Taking available information from other species into consideration, this review explores the mitochondrial assembly machinery of Arabidopsis and provides current knowledge about the respective transfer steps to apoproteins. Furthermore, this review highlights biotin synthase and lipoyl synthase, which both utilize Fe-S clusters as a sulfur source. After extraction of sulfur atoms from these clusters, the remains of the clusters probably fall apart, releasing sulfide as a highly toxic by-product. Immediate refixation through local cysteine biosynthesis is therefore an essential salvage pathway and emphasizes the physiological need for cysteine biosynthesis in plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pedroletti
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Moseler
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
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Zamolo F, Wüst M. l-Serine is the Direct Precursor for the Pyrazine Ring Construction in the Biosynthesis of 3-Isobutyl-2-Methoxypyrazine in Bell Pepper Fruits (Capsicum annuum L.). Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203674. [PMID: 36548125 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) is an extremely potent odorant and responsible for the specific aroma of many fruits and vegetables. Especially bell pepper contains high levels of IBMP, which is the character impact compound of its typical aroma. However, since the discovery of methoxypyrazines in plants in the 1960s the biosynthesis of their pyrazine ring motif remained so far unknown. Therefore, the biosynthetic pathway to IBMP was investigated by feeding experiments with stable-isotope labeled precursors. For the first time it could be shown that l-serine plays a key role in the pyrazine ring construction of 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines (MPs). Based on HS-SPME-GCxGC-TOF-MS analysis, it is shown that the biosynthetic pathway to IBMP is closely linked to photorespiratory derived l-serine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zamolo
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Chair of Food Chemistry, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Chair of Food Chemistry, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Bauwe H. Photorespiration - Rubisco's repair crew. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153899. [PMID: 36566670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory repair pathway (photorespiration in short) was set up from ancient metabolic modules about three billion years ago in cyanobacteria, the later ancestors of chloroplasts. These prokaryotes developed the capacity for oxygenic photosynthesis, i.e. the use of water as a source of electrons and protons (with O2 as a by-product) for the sunlight-driven synthesis of ATP and NADPH for CO2 fixation in the Calvin cycle. However, the CO2-binding enzyme, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (known under the acronym Rubisco), is not absolutely selective for CO2 and can also use O2 in a side reaction. It then produces 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG), the accumulation of which would inhibit and potentially stop the Calvin cycle and subsequently photosynthetic electron transport. Photorespiration removes the 2-PG and in this way prevents oxygenic photosynthesis from poisoning itself. In plants, the core of photorespiration consists of ten enzymes distributed over three different types of organelles, requiring interorganellar transport and interaction with several auxiliary enzymes. It goes together with the release and to some extent loss of freshly fixed CO2. This disadvantageous feature can be suppressed by CO2-concentrating mechanisms, such as those that evolved in C4 plants thirty million years ago, which enhance CO2 fixation and reduce 2PG synthesis. Photorespiration itself provided a pioneer variant of such mechanisms in the predecessors of C4 plants, C3-C4 intermediate plants. This article is a review and update particularly on the enzyme components of plant photorespiration and their catalytic mechanisms, on the interaction of photorespiration with other metabolism and on its impact on the evolution of photosynthesis. This focus was chosen because a better knowledge of the enzymes involved and how they are embedded in overall plant metabolism can facilitate the targeted use of the now highly advanced methods of metabolic network modelling and flux analysis. Understanding photorespiration more than before as a process that enables, rather than reduces, plant photosynthesis, will help develop rational strategies for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Bauwe
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051, Rostock, Germany.
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7
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Li W, Liang Q, Mishra RC, Sanchez-Mu�oz R, Wang H, Chen X, Van Der Straeten D, Zhang C, Xiao Y. The 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate proteome links folates with C/N metabolism and reveals feedback regulation of folate biosynthesis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3367-3385. [PMID: 34352110 PMCID: PMC8505879 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Folates are indispensable for plant development, but their molecular mode of action remains elusive. We synthesized a probe, "5-F-THF-Dayne," comprising 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (THF) coupled to a photoaffinity tag. Exploiting this probe in an affinity proteomics study in Arabidopsis thaliana, we retrieved 51 hits. Thirty interactions were independently validated with in vitro expressed proteins to bind 5-F-THF with high or low affinity. Interestingly, the interactors reveal associations beyond one-carbon metabolism, covering also connections to nitrogen (N) metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism/photosynthesis, and proteostasis. Two of the interactions, one with the folate biosynthetic enzyme DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE-THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE 1 (AtDHFR-TS1) and another with N metabolism-associated glutamine synthetase 1;4 (AtGLN1;4), were further characterized. In silico and experimental analyses revealed G35/K36 and E330 as key residues for the binding of 5-F-THF in AtDHFR-TS1 and AtGLN1;4, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis of AtGLN1;4 E330, which co-localizes with the ATP-binding pocket, abolished 5-F-THF binding as well as AtGLN1;4 activity. Furthermore, 5-F-THF was noted to competitively inhibit the activities of AtDHFR-TS1 and AtGLN1;4. In summary, we demonstrated a regulatory role for 5-F-THF in N metabolism, revealed 5-F-THF-mediated feedback regulation of folate biosynthesis, and identified a total of 14 previously unknown high-affinity binding cellular targets of 5-F-THF. Together, this sets a landmark toward understanding the role of folates in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ratnesh Chandra Mishra
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Raul Sanchez-Mu�oz
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Youli Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Sahoo DP, Van Winkle LJ, Díaz de la Garza RI, Dubrovsky JG. Interkingdom Comparison of Threonine Metabolism for Stem Cell Maintenance in Plants and Animals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672545. [PMID: 34557481 PMCID: PMC8454773 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, tissue generation, maintenance, and homeostasis depend on stem cells. Cellular metabolic status is an essential component of different differentiated states, from stem to fully differentiated cells. Threonine (Thr) metabolism has emerged as a critical factor required to maintain pluripotent/multipotent stem cells in both plants and animals. Thus, both kingdoms conserved or converged upon this fundamental feature of stem cell function. Here, we examine similarities and differences in Thr metabolism-dependent mechanisms supporting stem cell maintenance in these two kingdoms. We then consider common features of Thr metabolism in stem cell maintenance and predict and speculate that some knowledge about Thr metabolism and its role in stem cell function in one kingdom may apply to the other. Finally, we outline future research directions to explore these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debee Prasad Sahoo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lon J. Van Winkle
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Humanities, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | | | - Joseph G. Dubrovsky
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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9
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Moseler A, Kruse I, Maclean AE, Pedroletti L, Franceschetti M, Wagner S, Wehler R, Fischer-Schrader K, Poschet G, Wirtz M, Dörmann P, Hildebrandt TM, Hell R, Schwarzländer M, Balk J, Meyer AJ. The function of glutaredoxin GRXS15 is required for lipoyl-dependent dehydrogenases in mitochondria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1507-1525. [PMID: 33856472 PMCID: PMC8260144 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are ubiquitous cofactors in all life and are used in a wide array of diverse biological processes, including electron transfer chains and several metabolic pathways. Biosynthesis machineries for Fe-S clusters exist in plastids, the cytosol, and mitochondria. A single monothiol glutaredoxin (GRX) is involved in Fe-S cluster assembly in mitochondria of yeast and mammals. In plants, the role of the mitochondrial homolog GRXS15 has only partially been characterized. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) grxs15 null mutants are not viable, but mutants complemented with the variant GRXS15 K83A develop with a dwarf phenotype similar to the knockdown line GRXS15amiR. In an in-depth metabolic analysis of the variant and knockdown GRXS15 lines, we show that most Fe-S cluster-dependent processes are not affected, including biotin biosynthesis, molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, the electron transport chain, and aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Instead, we observed an increase in most TCA cycle intermediates and amino acids, especially pyruvate, glycine, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Additionally, we found an accumulation of branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs), the first degradation products resulting from transamination of BCAAs. In wild-type plants, pyruvate, glycine, and BCKAs are all metabolized through decarboxylation by mitochondrial lipoyl cofactor (LC)-dependent dehydrogenase complexes. These enzyme complexes are very abundant, comprising a major sink for LC. Because biosynthesis of LC depends on continuous Fe-S cluster supply to lipoyl synthase, this could explain why LC-dependent processes are most sensitive to restricted Fe-S supply in grxs15 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Moseler
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)—Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy 54000, France
| | - Inga Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Present address: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Andrew E Maclean
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Present address: Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Luca Pedroletti
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)—Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Wagner
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)—Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Regina Wehler
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Fischer-Schrader
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP)—Plant Energy Biology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Janneke Balk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)—Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Author for communication:
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10
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Lakhssassi N, Piya S, Bekal S, Liu S, Zhou Z, Bergounioux C, Miao L, Meksem J, Lakhssassi A, Jones K, Kassem MA, Benhamed M, Bendahmane A, Lambert K, Boualem A, Hewezi T, Meksem K. A pathogenesis-related protein GmPR08-Bet VI promotes a molecular interaction between the GmSHMT08 and GmSNAP18 in resistance to Heterodera glycines. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1810-1829. [PMID: 31960590 PMCID: PMC7336373 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is the most devastating pest affecting soybean production worldwide. SCN resistance requires both the GmSHMT08 and the GmSNAP18 in 'Peking'-type resistance. Here, we describe the molecular interaction between GmSHMT08 and GmSNAP18, which is potentiated by a pathogenesis-related protein GmPR08-Bet VI. Like GmSNAP18 and GmSHMT08, GmPR08-Bet VI expression was induced in response to SCN and its overexpression decreased SCN cysts by 65% in infected transgenic soybean roots. Overexpression of GmPR08-Bet VI did not have an effect on SCN resistance when the two cytokinin-binding sites in GmPR08-Bet VI were mutated, indicating a new role of GmPR08-Bet VI in SCN resistance. GmPR08-Bet VI was mapped to a QTL for resistance to SCN using different mapping populations. GmSHMT08, GmSNAP18 and GmPR08-Bet VI localize to the cytosol and plasma membrane. GmSNAP18 expression and localization hyper-accumulated at the plasma membrane and was specific to the root cells surrounding the nematode in SCN-resistant soybeans. Genes encoding key components of the salicylic acid signalling pathway were induced under SCN infection. GmSNAP18 and GmPR08-Bet VI were also induced under salicylic acid and cytokinin exogenous treatments, while GmSHMT08 was induced only when the resistant GmSNAP18 was present, pointing to the presence of a molecular crosstalk between SCN-resistant genes and defence genes. Expression analysis of GmSHMT08 and GmSNAP18 identified the need of a minimum expression requirement to trigger the SCN resistance reaction. These results provide insight into a new response mechanism towards plant nematode resistance involving haplotype compatibility, gene dosage and hormone signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoufal Lakhssassi
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural SystemsSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleILUSA
| | - Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Sadia Bekal
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural SystemsSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleILUSA
| | - Shiming Liu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural SystemsSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleILUSA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural SystemsSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleILUSA
| | - Catherine Bergounioux
- INRAInstitute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSUniversité Paris‐SudOrsayFrance
| | - Long Miao
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Aicha Lakhssassi
- Faculty of Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
| | - Karen Jones
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural SystemsSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleILUSA
| | | | - Moussa Benhamed
- INRAInstitute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSUniversité Paris‐SudOrsayFrance
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- INRAInstitute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSUniversité Paris‐SudOrsayFrance
| | - Kris Lambert
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA
| | - Adnane Boualem
- INRAInstitute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSUniversité Paris‐SudOrsayFrance
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Khalid Meksem
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural SystemsSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleILUSA
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11
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You L, Zhang J, Li L, Xiao C, Feng X, Chen S, Guo L, Hu H. Involvement of abscisic acid, ABI5, and PPC2 in plant acclimation to low CO2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4093-4108. [PMID: 32206789 PMCID: PMC7337093 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) plays a pivotal role in the photosynthetic CO2 fixation of C4 plants. However, the functions of PEPCs in C3 plants are less well characterized, particularly in relation to low atmospheric CO2 levels. Of the four genes encoding PEPC in Arabidopsis, PPC2 is considered as the major leaf PEPC gene. Here we show that the ppc2 mutants suffered a growth arrest when transferred to low atmospheric CO2 conditions, together with decreases in the maximum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and lower levels of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) and carbohydrates. The application of sucrose, malate, or ABA greatly rescued the growth of ppc2 lines under low CO2 conditions. Metabolite profiling analysis revealed that the levels of glycine and serine were increased in ppc2 leaves, while the abundance of photosynthetic metabolites was decreased under these conditions. The transcript levels of encoding enzymes involved in glycine or serine metabolism was decreased in ppc2 in an ABI5-dependent manner. Like the ppc2 mutants, abi5-1 mutants had lower photosynthetic rates and Fv/Fm compared with the wild type under photorespiratory conditions (i.e. low CO2 availability). However, the growth of these mutants was similar to that of the wild type under non-photorespiratory (low O2) conditions. The constitutive expression of ABI5 prevented the growth arrest of ppc2 lines under low CO2 conditions. These findings demonstrate that PPC2 plays an important role in the acclimation of Arabidopsis plants to low CO2 availability by linking photorespiratory metabolism to primary metabolism, and that this is mediated, at least in part, through ABA- and ABI5-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanlei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoping Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Wittmiß M, Mikkat S, Hagemann M, Bauwe H. Stoichiometry of two plant glycine decarboxylase complexes and comparison with a cyanobacterial glycine cleavage system. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:801-813. [PMID: 32311173 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The multienzyme glycine cleavage system (GCS) converts glycine and tetrahydrofolate to the one-carbon compound 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, which is of vital importance for most if not all organisms. Photorespiring plant mitochondria contain very high levels of GCS proteins organised as a fragile glycine decarboxylase complex (GDC). The aim of this study is to provide mass spectrometry-based stoichiometric data for the plant leaf GDC and examine whether complex formation could be a general property of the GCS in photosynthesizing organisms. The molar ratios of the leaf GDC component proteins are 1L2 -4P2 -8T-26H and 1L2 -4P2 -8T-20H for pea and Arabidopsis, respectively, as determined by mass spectrometry. The minimum mass of the plant leaf GDC ranges from 1550 to 1650 kDa, which is larger than previously assumed. The Arabidopsis GDC contains four times more of the isoforms GCS-P1 and GCS-L1 in comparison with GCS-P2 and GCS-L2, respectively, whereas the H-isoproteins GCS-H1 and GCS-H3 are fully redundant as indicated by their about equal amounts. Isoform GCS-H2 is not present in leaf mitochondria. In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, GCS proteins concentrations are low but above the complex formation threshold reported for pea leaf GDC. Indeed, formation of a cyanobacterial GDC from the individual recombinant GCS proteins in vitro could be demonstrated. Presence and metabolic significance of a Synechocystis GDC in vivo remain to be examined but could involve multimers of the GCS H-protein that dynamically crosslink the three GCS enzyme proteins, facilitating glycine metabolism by the formation of multienzyme metabolic complexes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wittmiß
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Mikkat
- Core Facility Proteome Analysis, Rostock University Medical Center, Schilling-Allee 69, D-18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
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13
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Lakhssassi N, Piya S, Knizia D, El Baze A, Cullen MA, Meksem J, Lakhssassi A, Hewezi T, Meksem K. Mutations at the Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase Impact its Interaction with a Soluble NSF Attachment Protein and a Pathogenesis-Related Protein in Soybean. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030349. [PMID: 32629961 PMCID: PMC7563484 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to soybean cyst nematodes (SCN) in “Peking-type” resistance is bigenic, requiring Rhg4-a and rhg1-a. Rhg4-a encodes a serine hydroxymethyltransferase (GmSHMT08) and rhg1-a encodes a soluble NSF attachment protein (GmSNAP18). Recently, it has been shown that a pathogenesis-related protein, GmPR08-Bet VI, potentiates the interaction between GmSHMT08 and GmSNAP18. Mutational analysis using spontaneously occurring and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutations was carried out to increase our knowledge of the interacting GmSHMT08/GmSNAP18/GmPR08-Bet VI multi-protein complex. Mutations affecting the GmSHMT08 protein structure (dimerization and tetramerization) and interaction sites with GmSNAP18 and GmPR08-Bet VI proteins were found to impact the multi-protein complex. Interestingly, mutations affecting the PLP/THF substrate binding and catalysis did not affect the multi-protein complex, although they resulted in increased susceptibility to SCN. Most importantly, GmSHMT08 and GmSNAP18 from PI88788 were shown to interact within the cell, being potentiated in the presence of GmPR08-Bet VI. In addition, we have shown the presence of incompatibility between the GmSNAP18 (rhg1-b) of PI88788 and GmSHMT08 (Rhg4-a) from Peking. Components of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway were shown to be induced in the SCN incompatible reaction and were mapped to QTLs for resistance to SCN using different mapping populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoufal Lakhssassi
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (N.L.); (D.K.); (A.E.B.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (S.P.); (T.H.)
| | - Dounya Knizia
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (N.L.); (D.K.); (A.E.B.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Abdelhalim El Baze
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (N.L.); (D.K.); (A.E.B.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Mallory A. Cullen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (N.L.); (D.K.); (A.E.B.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Jonas Meksem
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Aicha Lakhssassi
- Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (S.P.); (T.H.)
| | - Khalid Meksem
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (N.L.); (D.K.); (A.E.B.); (M.A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-618-453-3103
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14
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Sun L, Wang R, Ju Q, Xu J. Physiological, Metabolic, and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Responses of Arabidopsis Seedlings to Carbon Nanohorns. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4409-4420. [PMID: 32182044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have potential applications in nanoenabled agriculture. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNH)-mediated plant growth remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of SWCNHs on Arabidopsis grown in 1/4-strength Murashige and Skoog medium via physiological, genetic, and molecular analyses. Treatment with 0.1 mg/L SWCNHs promoted primary root (PR) growth and lateral root (LR) formation; 50 and 100 mg/L SWCNHs inhibited PR growth. Treatment with 0.1 mg/L SWCNHs increased the lengths of the meristematic and elongation zones, and transcriptomic and genetic analyses confirmed the positive effects of SWCNHs on root tip stem cell niche activity and meristematic cell division potential. Increased expression of YUC3 and YUC5 and increased PIN2 abundance improved PR growth and LR development in 0.1 mg/L SWCNH-treated seedlings. Metabolomic analyses revealed that SWCNHs altered the levels of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids, suggesting that SWCNHs reprogrammed carbon/nitrogen metabolism in plants. SWCNHs also regulate plant growth and development by increasing the levels of several secondary metabolites; transcriptomic analyses further supported these results. The present results are valuable for continued use of SWCNHs in agri-nanotechnology, and these molecular approaches could serve as examples for studies on the effects of nanomaterials in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Ruting Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Qiong Ju
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla Yunnan 666303, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla Yunnan 666303, China
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15
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Qiu C, Wang Y, Sun JH, Qian WJ, Xie H, Ding YQ, Ding ZT. A Qualitative Proteome-Wide Lysine Succinylation Profiling of Tea Revealed its Involvement in Primary Metabolism. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Busch FA. Photorespiration in the context of Rubisco biochemistry, CO 2 diffusion and metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:919-939. [PMID: 31910295 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiratory metabolism is essential for plants to maintain functional photosynthesis in an oxygen-containing environment. Because the oxygenation reaction of Rubisco is followed by the loss of previously fixed carbon, photorespiration is often considered a wasteful process and considerable efforts are aimed at minimizing the negative impact of photorespiration on the plant's carbon uptake. However, the photorespiratory pathway has also many positive aspects, as it is well integrated within other metabolic processes, such as nitrogen assimilation and C1 metabolism, and it is important for maintaining the redox balance of the plant. The overall effect of photorespiratory carbon loss on the net CO2 fixation of the plant is also strongly influenced by the physiology of the leaf related to CO2 diffusion. This review outlines the distinction between Rubisco oxygenation and photorespiratory CO2 release as a basis to evaluate the costs and benefits of photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Busch
- Research School of Biology and ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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17
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Fuchs P, Rugen N, Carrie C, Elsässer M, Finkemeier I, Giese J, Hildebrandt TM, Kühn K, Maurino VG, Ruberti C, Schallenberg-Rüdinger M, Steinbeck J, Braun HP, Eubel H, Meyer EH, Müller-Schüssele SJ, Schwarzländer M. Single organelle function and organization as estimated from Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteomics. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:420-441. [PMID: 31520498 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria host vital cellular functions, including oxidative phosphorylation and co-factor biosynthesis, which are reflected in their proteome. At the cellular level plant mitochondria are organized into hundreds of discrete functional entities, which undergo dynamic fission and fusion. It is the individual organelle that operates in the living cell, yet biochemical and physiological assessments have exclusively focused on the characteristics of large populations of mitochondria. Here, we explore the protein composition of an individual average plant mitochondrion to deduce principles of functional and structural organisation. We perform proteomics on purified mitochondria from cultured heterotrophic Arabidopsis cells with intensity-based absolute quantification and scale the dataset to the single organelle based on criteria that are justified by experimental evidence and theoretical considerations. We estimate that a total of 1.4 million protein molecules make up a single Arabidopsis mitochondrion on average. Copy numbers of the individual proteins span five orders of magnitude, ranging from >40 000 for Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 to sub-stoichiometric copy numbers, i.e. less than a single copy per single mitochondrion, for several pentatricopeptide repeat proteins that modify mitochondrial transcripts. For our analysis, we consider the physical and chemical constraints of the single organelle and discuss prominent features of mitochondrial architecture, protein biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism, antioxidant defence, genome maintenance, gene expression, and dynamics. While assessing the limitations of our considerations, we exemplify how our understanding of biochemical function and structural organization of plant mitochondria can be connected in order to obtain global and specific insights into how organelles work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Fuchs
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schlossplatz 7-8, 48143, Münster, Germany
- Institut für Nutzpflanzenforschung und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Rugen
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chris Carrie
- Department Biologie I - Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marlene Elsässer
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schlossplatz 7-8, 48143, Münster, Germany
- Institut für Nutzpflanzenforschung und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik (IZMB), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schlossplatz 7-8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonas Giese
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schlossplatz 7-8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Tatjana M Hildebrandt
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristina Kühn
- Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cristina Ruberti
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schlossplatz 7-8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Mareike Schallenberg-Rüdinger
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik (IZMB), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janina Steinbeck
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schlossplatz 7-8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Eubel
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Etienne H Meyer
- Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Müller-Schüssele
- Institut für Nutzpflanzenforschung und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schlossplatz 7-8, 48143, Münster, Germany
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18
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Li C, Yao W, Wang J, Wang J, Ai Y, Ma H, Zhang Y. A novel effect of glycine on the growth and starch biosynthesis of storage root in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:395-403. [PMID: 31629224 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) plays an indispensable role in feed, starch-based industries and ethanol biofuel production. Few studies have investigated on how external amino acids affect the growth and production of sweetpotato. In the study, we evaluated morphological, physiological and molecular effects of external glycine (Gly) on the root growth and starch metabolism of sweetpotato, Xushu16. At morphological level, the Xushu16 with Gly stimuli had larger plant biomass than that under control condition. At physiological level, the photosynthesis strength of the Xushu16 with Gly treatments showed significant differences relative to those under control condition. The relative content of plant hormone and starch in storage roots was higher under Gly conditions than that under control condition. At molecular level, a total of 4836 differentially expression genes were identified in the storage roots with different Gly treatments by RNA-Seq. Among them, as many as 1830 genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, which held maximum proportion among all the DEGs. Further, a few genes involved in starch biosynthesis were proved to be Gly-induced significantly by RT-qPCR. All the results indicated extrinsic Gly promotes the growth of storage roots by strengthening photosynthesis and increasing plant hormone, and enhances starch biosynthesis of storage roots by accelerating carbohydrate metabolism and regulating the expression of starch-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhe Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wenjing Yao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/Bamboo Research Institute/College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jidong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yuchun Ai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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19
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Kendall IP, Woodward P, Clark JP, Styring AK, Hanna JV, Evershed RP. Compound-specific δ 15N values express differences in amino acid metabolism in plants of varying lignin content. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 161:130-138. [PMID: 30826700 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid δ15N values of foliage of various plant taxa, grown at the experimental farm stations of North Wyke, UK and Bad Lauchstädt, Germany were determined by GC-C-IRMS. The difference between δ15N values of glutamate (Glx) and phenylalanine (Phe) were found to differ significantly between woody and herbaceous plants, with mean Δ15NGlx-Phe (i.e. δ15NPhe - δ15NGlx) values of -9.3 ± 1.6‰ and -5.8 ± 2.1‰, respectively. These differences in values are hypothesised to be due to the involvement of Phe in the phenylpropanoid pathway, by which lignin and other phenolic secondary metabolites are produced, leading to isotopic fractionation and enrichment of the remaining Phe pool available for protein biosynthesis. This results in the more negative Δ15NGlx-Phe values observed in woody plants relative to herbaceous plants, as the former are assumed to produce more lignin. To test this assumption, plant leaf tissue lignin concentrations were estimated by solid state 13C cross-polarisation, magic-angle-spinning (CPMAS) NMR spectroscopy for a subset of plants, which showed that tree foliage has a higher concentration of lignin (12.6 wt%) than herbaceous foliage (6.3 wt%). The correlation of lignin concentration with Δ15NGlx-Phe values demonstrates that the difference in these values with plant type is indeed due to differential production of lignin. The ability to estimate the lignin content of plants from amino acid δ15N values will, to give one example, allow refinement of estimates of herbivore diet in present and past ecosystems, enabling more accurate environmental niche modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain P Kendall
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Peter Woodward
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Joshua P Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Amy K Styring
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK; Present Address: Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - John V Hanna
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard P Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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20
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Gorelova V, Bastien O, De Clerck O, Lespinats S, Rébeillé F, Van Der Straeten D. Evolution of folate biosynthesis and metabolism across algae and land plant lineages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5731. [PMID: 30952916 PMCID: PMC6451014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrofolate and its derivatives, commonly known as folates, are essential for almost all living organisms. Besides acting as one-carbon donors and acceptors in reactions producing various important biomolecules such as nucleic and amino acids, as well as pantothenate, they also supply one-carbon units for methylation reactions. Plants along with bacteria, yeast and fungi synthesize folates de novo and therefore constitute a very important dietary source of folates for animals. All the major steps of folate biosynthesis and metabolism have been identified but only few have been genetically characterized in a handful of model plant species. The possible differences in the folate pathway between various plant and algal species have never been explored. In this study we present a comprehensive comparative study of folate biosynthesis and metabolism of all major land plant lineages as well as green and red algae. The study identifies new features of plant folate metabolism that might open new directions to folate research in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gorelova
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, K.L Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Geneva, Quai E. Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Bastien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Vegetale, UMR168 CNRS-CEA-INRA-Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - O De Clerck
- Department of Biology, Phycology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - S Lespinats
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Vegetale, UMR168 CNRS-CEA-INRA-Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - F Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Vegetale, UMR168 CNRS-CEA-INRA-Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - D Van Der Straeten
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, K.L Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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López‐Calcagno PE, Fisk S, Brown KL, Bull SE, South PF, Raines CA. Overexpressing the H-protein of the glycine cleavage system increases biomass yield in glasshouse and field-grown transgenic tobacco plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:141-151. [PMID: 29851213 PMCID: PMC6330538 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is essential for C3 plants, enabling oxygenic photosynthesis through the scavenging of 2-phosphoglycolate. Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of the L- and H-proteins of the photorespiratory glycine cleavage system results in an increase in photosynthesis and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we present evidence that under controlled environment conditions an increase in biomass is evident in tobacco plants overexpressing the H-protein. Importantly, the work in this paper provides a clear demonstration of the potential of this manipulation in tobacco grown in field conditions, in two separate seasons. We also demonstrate the importance of targeted overexpression of the H-protein using the leaf-specific promoter ST-LS1. Although increases in the H-protein driven by this promoter have a positive impact on biomass, higher levels of overexpression of this protein driven by the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter result in a reduction in the growth of the plants. Furthermore in these constitutive overexpressor plants, carbon allocation between soluble carbohydrates and starch is altered, as is the protein lipoylation of the enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate complexes. Our data provide a clear demonstration of the positive effects of overexpression of the H-protein to improve yield under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart Fisk
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - Kenny L. Brown
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - Simon E. Bull
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
- Present address:
Molecular Plant BreedingInstitute of Agricultural SciencesETH Zürich8092ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Paul F. South
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUnited States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research ServiceUrbanaILUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA
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22
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Karagiannis E, Michailidis M, Karamanoli K, Lazaridou A, Minas IS, Molassiotis A. Postharvest responses of sweet cherry fruit and stem tissues revealed by metabolomic profiling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:478-484. [PMID: 29705568 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherry, a non-climacteric and highly perishable fruit, is usually cold-stored during post-harvest period to prevent senescence; therefore, metabolic profiling in response to cold storage in sweet cherry is of economic and scientific interest. In the present work, metabolic analysis was performed in fruit and stem tissues to determine the metabolic dynamics associated with cold storage in response to 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene-action inhibitor, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Fruit (cv. Regina) following harvest were treated with 1-MCP and then cold-stored (0 °C, relative humidity 95%) for 1 month in the presence or in the absence of MAP and subsequently maintained at 20 °C for up to 2 days. Physiological analysis suggested that cold storage stimulated anthocyanin production, respiration rate and stem browning. Cherry stem exposed to 1-MCP displayed senescence symptoms as demonstrated by the higher stem browning and the lower stem traction force while MAP treatment considerably altered these features. The metabolic profile of fruits and stems just following cold storage was distinctly different from those analyzed at harvest. Marked tissue-specific differences were also detected among sweet cherries exposed to individual and to combined 1-MCP and MAP treatments, notably for amino acid biosynthesis. The significance of some of these metabolites as cold storage hallmarks is discussed in the context of the limited knowledge on the 1-MCP and MAP response mechanisms at the level of cherry fruit and stem tissues. Overall, this study provides the first steps toward understanding tissue-specific postharvest behavior in sweet cherry under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Karamanoli
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Lazaridou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Minas
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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23
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Hasan MT, Sun A, Mirzaei M, Te'o J, Hobba G, Sunna A, Nevalainen H. A comprehensive assessment of the biosynthetic pathways of ascorbate, α-tocopherol and free amino acids in Euglena gracilis var. saccharophila. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Salvato F, Wilson R, Portilla Llerena JP, Kiyota E, Lima Reis K, Boaretto LF, Balbuena TS, Azevedo RA, Thelen JJ, Mazzafera P. Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3688-3703. [PMID: 28836437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sugar cane is an important crop for sugar and biofuel production. Its lignocellulosic biomass represents a promising option as feedstock for second-generation ethanol production. Nitrogen fertilization can affect differently tissues and its biopolymers, including the cell-wall polysaccharides and lignin. Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. Thus it is important to understand the metabolic relationship between nitrogen fertilization and lignin in this feedstock. In this study, a large-scale proteomics approach based on GeLC-MS/MS was employed to identify and relatively quantify proteins differently accumulated in two contrasting genotypes for lignin composition after excessive nitrogen fertilization. From the ∼1000 nonredundant proteins identified, 28 and 177 were differentially accumulated in response to nitrogen from IACSP04-065 and IACSP04-627 lines, respectively. These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. Although nitrogen fertilization has not changed lignin content, phenolic acids and lignin composition were changed in both species but not in the same way. Sucrose and reducing sugars increased in plants of the genotype IACSP04-065 receiving nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Salvato
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rashaun Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Portilla Llerena
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Kiyota
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Karina Lima Reis
- Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Boaretto
- Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago S Balbuena
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" , Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
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25
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Gorelova V, Ambach L, Rébeillé F, Stove C, Van Der Straeten D. Folates in Plants: Research Advances and Progress in Crop Biofortification. Front Chem 2017; 5:21. [PMID: 28424769 PMCID: PMC5372827 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Folates, also known as B9 vitamins, serve as donors and acceptors in one-carbon (C1) transfer reactions. The latter are involved in synthesis of many important biomolecules, such as amino acids, nucleic acids and vitamin B5. Folates also play a central role in the methyl cycle that provides one-carbon groups for methylation reactions. The important functions fulfilled by folates make them essential in all living organisms. Plants, being able to synthesize folates de novo, serve as an excellent dietary source of folates for animals that lack the respective biosynthetic pathway. Unfortunately, the most important staple crops such as rice, potato and maize are rather poor sources of folates. Insufficient folate consumption is known to cause severe developmental disorders in humans. Two approaches are employed to fight folate deficiency: pharmacological supplementation in the form of folate pills and biofortification of staple crops. As the former approach is considered rather costly for the major part of the world population, biofortification of staple crops is viewed as a decent alternative in the struggle against folate deficiency. Therefore, strategies, challenges and recent progress of folate enhancement in plants will be addressed in this review. Apart from the ever-growing need for the enhancement of nutritional quality of crops, the world population faces climate change catastrophes or environmental stresses, such as elevated temperatures, drought, salinity that severely affect growth and productivity of crops. Due to immense diversity of their biochemical functions, folates take part in virtually every aspect of plant physiology. Any disturbance to the plant folate metabolism leads to severe growth inhibition and, as a consequence, to a lower productivity. Whereas today's knowledge of folate biochemistry can be considered very profound, evidence on the physiological roles of folates in plants only starts to emerge. In the current review we will discuss the implication of folates in various aspects of plant physiology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Gorelova
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Lars Ambach
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA-GrenobleGrenoble, France
| | - Christophe Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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26
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Lin H, Karki S, Coe RA, Bagha S, Khoshravesh R, Balahadia CP, Ver Sagun J, Tapia R, Israel WK, Montecillo F, de Luna A, Danila FR, Lazaro A, Realubit CM, Acoba MG, Sage TL, von Caemmerer S, Furbank RT, Cousins AB, Hibberd JM, Quick WP, Covshoff S. Targeted Knockdown of GDCH in Rice Leads to a Photorespiratory-Deficient Phenotype Useful as a Building Block for C4 Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:919-32. [PMID: 26903527 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The glycine decarboxylase complex (GDC) plays a critical role in the photorespiratory C2 cycle of C3 species by recovering carbon following the oxygenation reaction of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Loss of GDC from mesophyll cells (MCs) is considered a key early step in the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. To assess the impact of preferentially reducing GDC in rice MCs, we decreased the abundance of OsGDCH (Os10g37180) using an artificial microRNA (amiRNA) driven by a promoter that preferentially drives expression in MCs. GDC H- and P-proteins were undetectable in leaves of gdch lines. Plants exhibited a photorespiratory-deficient phenotype with stunted growth, accelerated leaf senescence, reduced chlorophyll, soluble protein and sugars, and increased glycine accumulation in leaves. Gas exchange measurements indicated an impaired ability to regenerate ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate in photorespiratory conditions. In addition, MCs of gdch lines exhibited a significant reduction in chloroplast area and coverage of the cell wall when grown in air, traits that occur during the later stages of C4 evolution. The presence of these two traits important for C4 photosynthesis and the non-lethal, down-regulation of the photorespiratory C2 cycle positively contribute to efforts to produce a C4 rice prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- HsiangChun Lin
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shanta Karki
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Robert A Coe
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shaheen Bagha
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Roxana Khoshravesh
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - C Paolo Balahadia
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Julius Ver Sagun
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Ronald Tapia
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - W Krystler Israel
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Albert de Luna
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Florence R Danila
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Andrea Lazaro
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Czarina M Realubit
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Michelle G Acoba
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Tammy L Sage
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - W Paul Quick
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sarah Covshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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27
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Yuan H, Cheung CYM, Poolman MG, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW. A genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its application to photorespiratory metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 85:289-304. [PMID: 26576489 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has been studied extensively due to its high economic value in the market, and high content in health-promoting antioxidant compounds. Tomato is also considered as an excellent model organism for studying the development and metabolism of fleshy fruits. However, the growth, yield and fruit quality of tomatoes can be affected by drought stress, a common abiotic stress for tomato. To investigate the potential metabolic response of tomato plants to drought, we reconstructed iHY3410, a genome-scale metabolic model of tomato leaf, and used this metabolic network to simulate tomato leaf metabolism. The resulting model includes 3410 genes and 2143 biochemical and transport reactions distributed across five intracellular organelles including cytosol, plastid, mitochondrion, peroxisome and vacuole. The model successfully described the known metabolic behaviour of tomato leaf under heterotrophic and phototrophic conditions. The in silico investigation of the metabolic characteristics for photorespiration and other relevant metabolic processes under drought stress suggested that: (i) the flux distributions through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway under drought were distinct from that under normal conditions; and (ii) the changes in fluxes through core metabolic pathways with varying flux ratio of RubisCO carboxylase to oxygenase may contribute to the adaptive stress response of plants. In addition, we improved on previous studies of reaction essentiality analysis for leaf metabolism by including potential alternative routes for compensating reaction knockouts. Altogether, the genome-scale model provides a sound framework for investigating tomato metabolism and gives valuable insights into the functional consequences of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark G Poolman
- Cell Systems Modelling Group, Department of Biomedical and Medical Science, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A J Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natal A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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28
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Aranjuelo I, Erice G, Sanz-Sáez A, Abadie C, Gilard F, Gil-Quintana E, Avice JC, Staudinger C, Wienkoop S, Araus JL, Bourguignon J, Irigoyen JJ, Tcherkez G. Differential CO2 effect on primary carbon metabolism of flag leaves in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2780-94. [PMID: 26081746 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
C sink/source balance and N assimilation have been identified as target processes conditioning crop responsiveness to elevated CO2 . However, little is known about phenology-driven modifications of C and N primary metabolism at elevated CO2 in cereals such as wheat. Here, we examined the differential effect of elevated CO2 at two development stages (onset of flowering, onset of grain filling) in durum wheat (Triticum durum, var. Sula) using physiological measurements (photosynthesis, isotopes), metabolomics, proteomics and (15) N labelling. Our results show that growth at elevated CO2 was accompanied by photosynthetic acclimation through a lower internal (mesophyll) conductance but no significant effect on Rubisco content, maximal carboxylation or electron transfer. Growth at elevated CO2 altered photosynthate export and tended to accelerate leaf N remobilization, which was visible for several proteins and amino acids, as well as lysine degradation metabolism. However, grain biomass produced at elevated CO2 was larger and less N rich, suggesting that nitrogen use efficiency rather than photosynthesis is an important target for improvement, even in good CO2 -responsive cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Aranjuelo
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Gorka Erice
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Alvaro Sanz-Sáez
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Cyril Abadie
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Erena Gil-Quintana
- Dpto. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra Campus de Arrosadía, Pamplona, 31006, Spain
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS, INRA, UMR INRA/UCBN, Institut de Biologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, 14032, France
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Jose L Araus
- Dpto de Biología Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Jacques Bourguignon
- Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale (PCV), CEA, iRTSV, Grenoble, 38054, France
- Réponse de la plante aux stress environnementaux et métaux lourds, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, 38041, France
| | - Juan J Irigoyen
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias yFarmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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Wang D, Liu H, Li S, Zhai G, Shao J, Tao Y. Characterization and molecular cloning of a serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (OsSHM1) in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:745-56. [PMID: 25641188 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is important for one carbon metabolism and photorespiration in higher plants for its participation in plant growth and development, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A rice serine hydroxymethyltransferase gene, OsSHM1, an ortholog of Arabidopsis SHM1, was isolated using map-based cloning. The osshm1 mutant had chlorotic lesions and a considerably smaller, lethal phenotype under natural ambient CO2 concentrations, but could be restored to wild type with normal growth under elevated CO2 levels (0.5% CO2 ), showing a typical photorespiratory phenotype. The data from antioxidant enzymes activity measurement suggested that osshm1 was subjected to significant oxidative stress. Also, OsSHM1 was expressed in all organs tested (root, culm, leaf, and young panicle) but predominantly in leaves. OsSHM1 protein is localized to the mitochondria. Our study suggested that molecular function of the OsSHM1 gene is conserved in rice and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Wang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Heqin Liu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Guowei Zhai
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jianfeng Shao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yuezhi Tao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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Wu J, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Han X, Gu X, Lu T. The molecular cloning and clarification of a photorespiratory mutant, oscdm1, using enhancer trapping. Front Genet 2015; 6:226. [PMID: 26191072 PMCID: PMC4490251 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer trap systems have been demonstrated to increase the effectiveness of gene identification in rice. In this study, a chlorophyll-deficient mutant, named oscdm1, was screened and characterized in detail from a T-DNA enhancer-tagged population. The oscdm1 plants were different from other chlorophyll-deficient mutants; they produced chlorotic leaves at the third leaf stage, which gradually died with further growth of the plants. However, the oscdm1 plants were able to survive exposure to elevated CO2 levels, similar to photorespiratory mutants. An analysis of the T-DNA flanking sequence in the oscdm1 plants showed that the T-DNA was inserted into the promoter region of a serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) gene. OsSHMT1 is a key enzyme that is ubiquitous in nature and structurally conserved across kingdoms. The enzyme is responsible for the interconversion of serine and glycine and is essential for cellular one-carbon metabolism. Full-length OsSHMT1 complemented the oscdm1 phenotype, and the downregulation of OsSHMT1 in wild-type plants by RNA interference (RNAi) produced plants that mimicked the oscdm1 phenotype. GUS assays and quantitative PCR revealed the preferential expression of OsSHMT1 in young leaves. TEM revealed serious damage to the thylakoid membrane in oscdm1 chloroplasts. The oscdm1 plants showed more extensive damage than wild type using an IMAGING-PAM fluorometer, especially under high light intensities. OsSHMT1-GFP localized exclusively to mitochondria. Further analysis revealed that the H2O2 content in the oscdm1 plants was twice that in wild type at the fourth leaf stage. This suggests that the thylakoid membrane damage observed in the oscdm1 plants was caused by excessive H2O2. Interestingly, OsSHMT1-overexpressing plants exhibited increased photosynthetic efficiency and improved plant productivity. These results lay the foundation for further study of the OsSHMT1 gene and will help illuminate the functional role of OsSHMT1 in photorespiration in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
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Zhang W, Tang L, Sun H, Han S, Wang X, Zhou S, Li K, Chen L. C1 metabolism plays an important role during formaldehyde metabolism and detoxification in petunia under liquid HCHO stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 83:327-336. [PMID: 25221921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Petunia hybrida is a model ornamental plant grown worldwide. To understand the HCHO-uptake efficiency and metabolic mechanism of petunia, the aseptic petunia plants were treated in HCHO solutions. An analysis of HCHO-uptake showed that petunia plants effectively removed HCHO from 2, 4 and 6 mM HCHO solutions. The (13)C NMR analyses indicated that H(13)CHO was primarily used to synthesize [5-(13)C]methionine (Met) via C1 metabolism in petunia plants treated with 2 mM H(13)CHO. Pretreatment with cyclosporin A (CSA) or l-carnitine (LC), the inhibitors of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, did not affect the synthesis of [5-(13)C]Met in petunia plants under 2 mM H(13)CHO stress, indicating that the Met-generated pathway may function in the cytoplasm. Under 4 or 6 mM liquid H(13)CHO stress, H(13)CHO metabolism in petunia plants produced considerable amount of H(13)COOH and [2-(13)C]glycine (Gly) through C1 metabolism and a small amount of [U-(13)C]Gluc via the Calvin Cycle. Pretreatment with CSA or LC significantly inhibited the production of [2-(13)C]Gly in 6 mM H(13)CHO-treated petunia plants, which suggests that chloroplasts and peroxisomes might be involved in the generation of [2-(13)C]Gly. These results revealed that the C1 metabolism played an important role, whereas the Calvin Cycle had only a small contribution during HCHO metabolism and detoxification in petunia under liquid HCHO stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lijuan Tang
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huiqun Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shengen Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kunzhi Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China.
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Bai YR, Yang P, Su YY, He ZL, Ti XN. Effect of exogenous methanol on glycolate oxidase and photorespiratory intermediates in cotton. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5331-5338. [PMID: 25053644 PMCID: PMC4400538 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Application of methanol (MeOH) inhibits photorespiration and enhances growth and yield in C3 plants. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of foliar application of MeOH (30%, v/v) on glycolate oxidase (GO) activity and photorespiratory intermediates in cotton leaves in a field experiment. MeOH treatment significantly inhibited GO activity (by 30% compared with the controls). We also found that endogenous glyoxylate, a photorespiratory intermediate, increased and glycine decreased significantly in MeOH-treated plants. Serine increased significantly in MeOH-treated plants. These results thus demonstrated that exogenous MeOH can modulate GO activity and the production of photorespiratory intermediates, and sheds new lights on our current understanding of how exogenous MeOH inhibits photorespiration and enhances the growth and yield of C3 plants such as cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Bai
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Su
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Zong-Ling He
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Ti
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
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Zhang K, Liu H, Tao P, Chen H. Comparative proteomic analyses provide new insights into low phosphorus stress responses in maize leaves. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98215. [PMID: 24858307 PMCID: PMC4032345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus deficiency limits plant growth and development. To better understand the mechanisms behind how maize responds to phosphate stress, we compared the proteome analysis results of two groups of maize leaves that were treated separately with 1,000 µM (control, +P) and 5 µM of KH2PO4 (intervention group, -P) for 25 days. In total, 1,342 protein spots were detected on 2-DE maps and 15.43% had changed (P<0.05; ≥1.5-fold) significantly in quantity between the +P and -P groups. These proteins are involved in several major metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, secondary metabolism, signal transduction, protein synthesis, cell rescue and cell defense and virulence. The results showed that the reduction in photosynthesis under low phosphorus treatment was due to the down-regulation of the proteins involved in CO2 enrichment, the Calvin cycle and the electron transport system. Electron transport and photosynthesis restrictions resulted in a large accumulation of peroxides. Maize has developed many different reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanisms to cope with low phosphorus stress, including up-regulating its antioxidant content and antioxidase activity. After being subjected to phosphorus stress over a long period, maize may increase its internal phosphorus utilization efficiency by altering photorespiration, starch synthesis and lipid composition. These results provide important information about how maize responds to low phosphorus stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Enhancement, Jinan, China
| | - Hanhan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Enhancement, Jinan, China
| | - Peilin Tao
- College of Agriculture Vocational, Xuzhou Biology Engineering Technical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Enhancement, Jinan, China
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Chen W, Taylor NL, Chi Y, Millar AH, Lambers H, Finnegan PM. The metabolic acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana to arsenate is sensitized by the loss of mitochondrial LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE2, a key enzyme in oxidative metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:684-695. [PMID: 23961884 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase is essential for the activity of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes central to oxidative metabolism. The reduction in protein amount and enzyme activity caused by disruption of mitochondrial LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE2 enhanced the arsenic sensitivity of Arabidopsis thaliana. Both arsenate and arsenite inhibited root elongation, decreased seedling size and increased anthocyanin production more profoundly in knockout mutants than in wild-type seedlings. Arsenate also stimulated lateral root formation in the mutants. The activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase in isolated mitochondria was sensitive to arsenite, but not arsenate, indicating that arsenite could be the mediator of the observed phenotypes. Steady-state metabolite abundances were only mildly affected by mutation of mitochondrial LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE2. In contrast, arsenate induced the remodelling of metabolite pools associated with oxidative metabolism in wild-type seedlings, an effect that was enhanced in the mutant, especially around the enzyme complexes containing mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase. These results indicate that mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase is an important protein for determining the sensitivity of oxidative metabolism to arsenate in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Chen
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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Dumont J, Keski-Saari S, Keinänen M, Cohen D, Ningre N, Kontunen-Soppela S, Baldet P, Gibon Y, Dizengremel P, Vaultier MN, Jolivet Y, Oksanen E, Le Thiec D. Ozone affects ascorbate and glutathione biosynthesis as well as amino acid contents in three Euramerican poplar genotypes. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:253-266. [PMID: 24682617 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is an air pollutant that causes oxidative stress by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the leaf. The capacity to detoxify ROS and repair ROS-induced damage may contribute to ozone tolerance. Ascorbate and glutathione are known to be key players in detoxification. Ozone effects on their biosynthesis and on amino acid metabolism were investigated in three Euramerican poplar genotypes (Populus deltoides Bartr. × Populus nigra L.) differing in ozone sensitivity. Total ascorbate and glutathione contents were increased in response to ozone in all genotypes, with the most resistant genotype (Carpaccio) showing an increase of up to 70%. Reduced ascorbate (ASA) concentration at least doubled in the two most resistant genotypes (Carpaccio and Cima), whereas the most sensitive genotype (Robusta) seemed unable to regenerate ASA from oxidized ascorbate (DHA), leading to an increase of 80% of the oxidized form. Increased ascorbate (ASA + DHA) content correlated with the increase in gene expression in its biosynthetic pathway, especially the putative gene of GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase VTC2. Increased cysteine availability combined with increased expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1) and glutathione synthetase (GSH2) genes allows higher glutathione biosynthesis in response to ozone, particularly in Carpaccio. In addition, ozone caused a remobilization of amino acids with a decreased pool of total amino acids and an increase of Cys and putrescine, especially in Carpaccio. In addition, the expression of genes encoding threonine aldolase was strongly induced only in the most tolerant genotype, Carpaccio. Reduced ascorbate levels could partly explain the sensitivity to ozone for Robusta but not for Cima. Reduced ascorbate level alone is not sufficient to account for ozone tolerance in poplar, and it is necessary to consider several other factors including glutathione content.
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Wei Z, Sun K, Sandoval FJ, Cross JM, Gordon C, Kang C, Roje S. Folate polyglutamylation eliminates dependence of activity on enzyme concentration in mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 536:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ros R, Cascales-Miñana B, Segura J, Anoman AD, Toujani W, Flores-Tornero M, Rosa-Tellez S, Muñoz-Bertomeu J. Serine biosynthesis by photorespiratory and non-photorespiratory pathways: an interesting interplay with unknown regulatory networks. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013. [PMID: 23199004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is a primary metabolic pathway, which, given its energy costs, has often been viewed as a wasteful process. Despite having reached the consensus that one important function of photorespiration is the removal of toxic metabolite intermediates, other possible functions have emerged, and others could well emerge in the future. As a primary metabolic pathway, photorespiration interacts with other routes; however the nature of these interactions is not well known. One of these interacting pathways could be the biosynthesis of serine, since this amino acid is synthesised through photorespiratory and non-photorespiratory routes. At present, the exact contribution of each route to serine supply in different tissues and organs, their biological significance and how pathways are integrated and/or regulated remain unknown. Here, we review the non-photorespiratory serine biosynthetic pathways, their interactions with the photorespiratory pathway, their putative role in plants and their biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ros
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Fernie AR, Bauwe H, Eisenhut M, Florian A, Hanson DT, Hagemann M, Keech O, Mielewczik M, Nikoloski Z, Peterhänsel C, Roje S, Sage R, Timm S, von Cammerer S, Weber APM, Westhoff P. Perspectives on plant photorespiratory metabolism. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:748-753. [PMID: 23231538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Being intimately intertwined with (C3) photosynthesis, photorespiration is an incredibly high flux-bearing pathway. Traditionally, the photorespiratory cycle was viewed as closed pathway to refill the Calvin-Benson cycle with organic carbon. However, given the network nature of metabolism, it hence follows that photorespiration will interact with many other pathways. In this article, we review current understanding of these interactions and attempt to define key priorities for future research, which will allow us greater fundamental comprehension of general metabolic and developmental consequences of perturbation of this crucial metabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Guerra FP, Wegrzyn JL, Sykes R, Davis MF, Stanton BJ, Neale DB. Association genetics of chemical wood properties in black poplar (Populus nigra). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 197:162-176. [PMID: 23157484 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Black poplar (Populus nigra) is a potential feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production, although breeding for this specific end use is required. Our goal was to identify associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within candidate genes encoding cellulose and lignin biosynthetic enzymes, with chemical wood property phenotypic traits, toward the aim of developing genomics-based breeding technologies for bioethanol production. Pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry was used to determine contents of five- and six-carbon sugars, lignin, and syringyl : guaiacyl ratio. The association population included 599 clones from 17 half-sib families, which were successfully genotyped using 433 SNPs from 39 candidate genes. Statistical analyses were performed to estimate genetic parameters, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and single marker and haplotype-based associations. A moderate to high heritability was observed for all traits. The LD, across all candidate genes, showed a rapid decay with physical distance. Analysis of single marker-phenotype associations identified six significant marker-trait pairs, whereas nearly 280 haplotypes were associated with phenotypic traits, in both an individual and multiple trait-specific manner. The rapid decay of LD within candidate genes in this population and the genetic associations identified suggest a close relationship between the associated SNPs and the causative polymorphisms underlying the genetic variation of lignocellulosic traits in black poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P Guerra
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, PO Box 747, Chile
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Robert Sykes
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Mark F Davis
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Brian J Stanton
- Genetic Resources Conservation Program, Greenwood Resources, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - David B Neale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Bioenergy Research Center (BERC), University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Villalobos DP, Díaz-Moreno SM, Said ESS, Cañas RA, Osuna D, Van Kerckhoven SHE, Bautista R, Claros MG, Cánovas FM, Cantón FR. Reprogramming of gene expression during compression wood formation in pine: coordinated modulation of S-adenosylmethionine, lignin and lignan related genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:100. [PMID: 22747794 PMCID: PMC3406974 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcript profiling of differentiating secondary xylem has allowed us to draw a general picture of the genes involved in wood formation. However, our knowledge is still limited about the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate and modulate the different pathways providing substrates during xylogenesis. The development of compression wood in conifers constitutes an exceptional model for these studies. Although differential expression of a few genes in differentiating compression wood compared to normal or opposite wood has been reported, the broad range of features that distinguish this reaction wood suggest that the expression of a larger set of genes would be modified. RESULTS By combining the construction of different cDNA libraries with microarray analyses we have identified a total of 496 genes in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster, Ait.) that change in expression during differentiation of compression wood (331 up-regulated and 165 down-regulated compared to opposite wood). Samples from different provenances collected in different years and geographic locations were integrated into the analyses to mitigate the effects of multiple sources of variability. This strategy allowed us to define a group of genes that are consistently associated with compression wood formation. Correlating with the deposition of a thicker secondary cell wall that characterizes compression wood development, the expression of a number of genes involved in synthesis of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and lignans was up-regulated. Further analysis of a set of these genes involved in S-adenosylmethionine metabolism, ammonium recycling, and lignin and lignans biosynthesis showed changes in expression levels in parallel to the levels of lignin accumulation in cells undergoing xylogenesis in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The comparative transcriptomic analysis reported here have revealed a broad spectrum of coordinated transcriptional modulation of genes involved in biosynthesis of different cell wall polymers associated with within-tree variations in pine wood structure and composition. In particular, we demonstrate the coordinated modulation at transcriptional level of a gene set involved in S-adenosylmethionine synthesis and ammonium assimilation with increased demand for coniferyl alcohol for lignin and lignan synthesis, enabling a better understanding of the metabolic requirements in cells undergoing lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Villalobos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara M Díaz-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - El-Sayed S Said
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael A Cañas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Osuna
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Río Duero 12, 37185, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia H E Van Kerckhoven
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rocío Bautista
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Gonzalo Claros
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco M Cánovas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco R Cantón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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Wiludda C, Schulze S, Gowik U, Engelmann S, Koczor M, Streubel M, Bauwe H, Westhoff P. Regulation of the photorespiratory GLDPA gene in C(4) flaveria: an intricate interplay of transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:137-51. [PMID: 22294620 PMCID: PMC3289567 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.093872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial Gly decarboxylase complex (GDC) is a key component of the photorespiratory pathway that occurs in all photosynthetically active tissues of C(3) plants but is restricted to bundle sheath cells in C(4) species. GDC is also required for general cellular C(1) metabolism. In the Asteracean C(4) species Flaveria trinervia, a single functional GLDP gene, GLDPA, encodes the P-subunit of GDC, a decarboxylating Gly dehydrogenase. GLDPA promoter reporter gene fusion studies revealed that this promoter is active in bundle sheath cells and the vasculature of transgenic Flaveria bidentis (C(4)) and the Brassicacean C(3) species Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting the existence of an evolutionarily conserved gene regulatory system in the bundle sheath. Here, we demonstrate that GLDPA gene regulation is achieved by an intricate interplay of transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. The GLDPA promoter is composed of two tandem promoters, P(R2) and P(R7), that together ensure a strong bundle sheath expression. While the proximal promoter (P(R7)) is active in the bundle sheath and vasculature, the distal promoter (P(R2)) drives uniform expression in all leaf chlorenchyma cells and the vasculature. An intron in the 5' untranslated leader of P(R2)-derived transcripts is inefficiently spliced and apparently suppresses the output of P(R2) by eliciting RNA decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wiludda
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulze
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Udo Gowik
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Engelmann
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Koczor
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Monika Streubel
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Universität Rostock, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Westhoff
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Engel N, Ewald R, Gupta KJ, Zrenner R, Hagemann M, Bauwe H. The presequence of Arabidopsis serine hydroxymethyltransferase SHM2 selectively prevents import into mesophyll mitochondria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:1711-20. [PMID: 21976482 PMCID: PMC3327202 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.184564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferases (SHMs) are important enzymes of cellular one-carbon metabolism and are essential for the photorespiratory glycine-into-serine conversion in leaf mesophyll mitochondria. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), SHM1 has been identified as the photorespiratory isozyme, but little is known about the very similar SHM2. Although the mitochondrial location of SHM2 can be predicted, some data suggest that this particular isozyme could be inactive or not targeted into mitochondria. We report that SHM2 is a functional mitochondrial SHM. In leaves, the presequence of SHM2 selectively hinders targeting of the enzyme into mesophyll mitochondria. For this reason, the enzyme is confined to the vascular tissue of wild-type Arabidopsis, likely the protoxylem and/or adjacent cells, where it occurs together with SHM1. The resulting exclusion of SHM2 from the photorespiratory environment of mesophyll mitochondria explains why this enzyme cannot substitute for SHM1 in photorespiratory metabolism. Unlike the individual shm1 and shm2 null mutants, which require CO(2)-enriched air to inhibit photorespiration (shm1) or do not show any visible impairment (shm2), double-null mutants cannot survive in CO(2)-enriched air. It seems that SHM1 and SHM2 operate in a redundant manner in one-carbon metabolism of nonphotorespiring cells with a high demand of one-carbon units; for example, during lignification of vascular cells. We hypothesize that yet unknown kinetic properties of SHM2 might render this enzyme unsuitable for the high-folate conditions of photorespiring mesophyll mitochondria.
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Carvalho JDFC, Madgwick PJ, Powers SJ, Keys AJ, Lea PJ, Parry MAJ. An engineered pathway for glyoxylate metabolism in tobacco plants aimed to avoid the release of ammonia in photorespiration. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:111. [PMID: 22104170 PMCID: PMC3252329 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The photorespiratory nitrogen cycle in C₃ plants involves an extensive diversion of carbon and nitrogen away from the direct pathways of assimilation. The liberated ammonia is re-assimilated, but up to 25% of the carbon may be released into the atmosphere as CO₂. Because of the loss of CO₂ and high energy costs, there has been considerable interest in attempts to decrease the flux through the cycle in C₃ plants. Transgenic tobacco plants were generated that contained the genes gcl and hyi from E. coli encoding glyoxylate carboligase (EC 4.1.1.47) and hydroxypyruvate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.22) respectively, targeted to the peroxisomes. It was presumed that the two enzymes could work together and compete with the aminotransferases that convert glyoxylate to glycine, thus avoiding ammonia production in the photorespiratory nitrogen cycle. RESULTS When grown in ambient air, but not in elevated CO₂, the transgenic tobacco lines had a distinctive phenotype of necrotic lesions on the leaves. Three of the six lines chosen for a detailed study contained single copies of the gcl gene, two contained single copies of both the gcl and hyi genes and one line contained multiple copies of both gcl and hyi genes. The gcl protein was detected in the five transgenic lines containing single copies of the gcl gene but hyi protein was not detected in any of the transgenic lines. The content of soluble amino acids including glycine and serine, was generally increased in the transgenic lines growing in air, when compared to the wild type. The content of soluble sugars, glucose, fructose and sucrose in the shoot was decreased in transgenic lines growing in air, consistent with decreased carbon assimilation. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco plants have been generated that produce bacterial glyoxylate carboligase but not hydroxypyruvate isomerase. The transgenic plants exhibit a stress response when exposed to air, suggesting that some glyoxylate is diverted away from conversion to glycine in a deleterious short-circuit of the photorespiratory nitrogen cycle. This diversion in metabolism gave rise to increased concentrations of amino acids, in particular glutamine and asparagine in the leaves and a decrease of soluble sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josirley de FC Carvalho
- Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, Rodovia Carlos Strass, Distrito da Warta; C.P.: 6001; 86001-970; Londrina - PR - Brasil
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2 JQ, UK
| | | | | | - Alfred J Keys
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2 JQ, UK
| | - Peter J Lea
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Biological Sciences, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
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Kryvych S, Kleessen S, Ebert B, Kersten B, Fisahn J. Proteomics - The key to understanding systems biology of Arabidopsis trichomes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:1061-1070. [PMID: 20952039 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Every multicellular organism consists of numerous organs, tissues and specific cell types. To gain detailed knowledge about the morphogenesis of these complex structures, it is inevitable to advance biochemical analyses to ultimate spatial and temporal resolution since individual cell types contribute differently to the overall performance of living objects. Single cell sampling combined with systems biological approaches was recently applied to investigations of Arabidopsis thaliana trichomes (leaf hairs). These are single celled structures that provide ideal model systems to address various aspects of plant cell development and differentiation at the level of individual cells. A previously suggested function of trichomes in plant stress responses could thus be confirmed. Furthermore, trichome-specific "omics" data collected in several laboratories are mutually conclusive which demonstrates the applicability of systems biological approaches at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Kryvych
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Chamaegigas intrepidus DINTER: An Aquatic Poikilohydric Angiosperm that Is Perfectly Adapted to Its Complex and Extreme Environmental Conditions. PLANT DESICCATION TOLERANCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-19106-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
Lipoic acid [(R)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoic acid] is an enzyme cofactor required for intermediate metabolism in free-living cells. Lipoic acid was discovered nearly 60 years ago and was shown to be covalently attached to proteins in several multicomponent dehydrogenases. Cells can acquire lipoate (the deprotonated charge form of lipoic acid that dominates at physiological pH) through either scavenging or de novo synthesis. Microbial pathogens implement these basic lipoylation strategies with a surprising variety of adaptations which can affect pathogenesis and virulence. Similarly, lipoylated proteins are responsible for effects beyond their classical roles in catalysis. These include roles in oxidative defense, bacterial sporulation, and gene expression. This review surveys the role of lipoate metabolism in bacterial, fungal, and protozoan pathogens and how these organisms have employed this metabolism to adapt to niche environments.
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Spalding MD, Allary M, Gallagher JR, Prigge ST. Validation of a modified method for Bxb1 mycobacteriophage integrase-mediated recombination in Plasmodium falciparum by localization of the H-protein of the glycine cleavage complex to the mitochondrion. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2010; 172:156-60. [PMID: 20403390 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The glycine cleavage complex (GCV) is a potential source of the one carbon donor 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH(2)-THF) in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. One carbon (C1) donor units are necessary for amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis, and for the initiation of mitochondrial and plastid translation. In other organisms, GCV activity is closely coordinated with the activity of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) enzymes. P. falciparum contains cytosolic and mitochondrial SHMT isoforms, and thus, the subcellular location of the GCV is an important indicator of its role in malaria metabolism. To determine the subcellular localization of the GCV, we used a modified version of the published method for mycobacteriophage integrase-mediated recombination in P. falciparum to generate cell lines containing one of the component proteins of the GCV, the H-protein, fused to GFP. Here, we demonstrate that this modification results in rapid generation of chromosomally integrated transgenic parasites, and we show that the H-protein localizes to the mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroya D Spalding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Peterhansel C, Horst I, Niessen M, Blume C, Kebeish R, Kürkcüoglu S, Kreuzaler F. Photorespiration. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2010; 8:e0130. [PMID: 22303256 PMCID: PMC3244903 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is initiated by the oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO), the same enzyme that is also responsible for CO(2) fixation in almost all photosynthetic organisms. Phosphoglycolate formed by oxygen fixation is recycled to the Calvin cycle intermediate phosphoglycerate in the photorespiratory pathway. This reaction cascade consumes energy and reducing equivalents and part of the afore fixed carbon is again released as CO(2). Because of this, photorespiration was often viewed as a wasteful process. Here, we review the current knowledge on the components of the photorespiratory pathway that has been mainly achieved through genetic and biochemical studies in Arabidopsis. Based on this knowledge, the energy costs of photorespiration are calculated, but the numerous positive aspects that challenge the traditional view of photorespiration as a wasteful pathway are also discussed. An outline of possible alternative pathways beside the major pathway is provided. We summarize recent results about photorespiration in photosynthetic organisms expressing a carbon concentrating mechanism and the implications of these results for understanding Arabidopsis photorespiration. Finally, metabolic engineering approaches aiming to improve plant productivity by reducing photorespiratory losses are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Peterhansel
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Botany, Herrenhaeuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Horst
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Botany, Herrenhaeuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Niessen
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Botany, Herrenhaeuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Blume
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Botany, Herrenhaeuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rashad Kebeish
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Botany, Herrenhaeuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophia Kürkcüoglu
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Botany, Herrenhaeuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fritz Kreuzaler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Botany, Worringer Weg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Bauwe H. Chapter 6 Photorespiration: The Bridge to C4 Photosynthesis. C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RELATED CO2 CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9407-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bagard M, Le Thiec D, Delacote E, Hasenfratz-Sauder MP, Banvoy J, Gérard J, Dizengremel P, Jolivet Y. Ozone-induced changes in photosynthesis and photorespiration of hybrid poplar in relation to the developmental stage of the leaves. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2008; 134:559-574. [PMID: 18823329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Young poplar trees (Populus tremula Michx. x Populus alba L. clone INRA 717-1B4) were subjected to 120 ppb of ozone for 35 days in phytotronic chambers. Treated trees displayed precocious leaf senescence and visible symptoms of injury (dark brown/black upper surface stippling) exclusively observed on fully expanded leaves. In these leaves, ozone reduced parameters related to photochemistry (Chl content and maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport) and photosynthetic CO(2) fixation [net CO(2) assimilation, Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) activity and maximum velocity of Rubisco for carboxylation]. In fully expanded leaves, the rate of photorespiration as estimated from Chl fluorescence was markedly impaired by the ozone treatment together with the activity of photorespiratory enzymes (Rubisco and glycolate oxidase). Immunoblot analysis revealed a decrease in the content of serine hydroxymethyltransferase in treated mature leaves, while the content of the H subunit of the glycine decarboxylase complex was not modified. Leaves in the early period of expansion were exempt from visible symptoms of injury and remained unaffected as regards all measured parameters. Leaves reaching full expansion under ozone exposure showed potential responses of protection (stimulation of mitochondrial respiration and transitory stomatal closure). Our data underline the major role of leaf phenology in ozone sensitivity of photosynthetic processes and reveal a marked ozone-induced inhibition of photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Bagard
- Faculté des Science et Techniques, UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Nancy-Université, BP239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
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