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Beringue A, Queffelec J, Le Lann C, Sulmon C. Sublethal pesticide exposure in non-target terrestrial ecosystems: from known effects on individuals to potential consequences on trophic interactions and network functioning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024:119620. [PMID: 39032619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decades, the intensification of agriculture has resulted in an increasing use of pesticides, which has led to widespread contamination of non-target ecosystems in agricultural landscapes. Plants and arthropods inhabiting these systems are therefore chronically exposed to, at least, low levels of pesticides through direct pesticide drift, but also through the contamination of their nutrient sources (e.g. soil water or host/prey tissues). Pesticides (herbicides, acaricides/insecticides and fungicides) are chemical substances used to control pests, such as weeds, phytophagous arthropods and pathogenic microorganisms. These molecules are designed to disturb specific physiological mechanisms and induce mortality in targeted organisms. However, under sublethal exposure, pesticides also affect biological processes including metabolism, development, reproduction or inter-specific interactions even in organisms that do not possess the molecular target of the pesticide. Despite the broad current knowledge on sublethal effects of pesticides on organisms, their adverse effects on trophic interactions are less investigated, especially within terrestrial trophic networks. In this review, we provide an overview of the effects, both target and non-target, of sublethal exposures to pesticides on traits involved in trophic interactions between plants, phytophagous insects and their natural enemies. We also discuss how these effects may impact ecosystem functioning by analyzing studies investigating the responses of Plant-Phytophage-Natural enemy trophic networks to pesticides. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and research prospects in the understanding of the effects of pesticides on trophic interactions and networks in non-target terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Beringue
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | | | - Cécile Le Lann
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France.
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2
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López-Vázquez K, Lara C, Corcuera P, Castillo-Guevara C, Cuautle M. The human touch: a meta-analysis of anthropogenic effects on plant-pollinator interaction networks. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17647. [PMID: 38948210 PMCID: PMC11214738 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anthropogenic activities significantly impact natural ecosystems, leading to alterations in plant and pollinator diversity and abundance. These changes often result in shifts within interacting communities, potentially reshaping the structure of plant-pollinator interaction networks. Given the escalating human footprint on habitats, evaluating the response of these networks to anthropization is critical for devising effective conservation and management strategies. Methods We conducted a comprehensive review of the plant-pollinator network literature to assess the impact of anthropization on network structure. We assessed network metrics such as nestedness measure based on overlap and decreasing fills (NODF), network specialization (H2'), connectance (C), and modularity (Q) to understand structural changes. Employing a meta-analytical approach, we examined how anthropization activities, such as deforestation, urbanization, habitat fragmentation, agriculture, intentional fires and livestock farming, affect both plant and pollinator richness. Results We generated a dataset for various metrics of network structure and 36 effect sizes for the meta-analysis, from 38 articles published between 2010 and 2023. Studies assessing the impact of agriculture and fragmentation were well-represented, comprising 68.4% of all studies, with networks involving interacting insects being the most studied taxa. Agriculture and fragmentation reduce nestedness and increase specialization in plant-pollinator networks, while modularity and connectance are mostly not affected. Although our meta-analysis suggests that anthropization decreases richness for both plants and pollinators, there was substantial heterogeneity in this regard among the evaluated studies. The meta-regression analyses helped us determine that the habitat fragment size where the studies were conducted was the primary variable contributing to such heterogeneity. Conclusions The analysis of human impacts on plant-pollinator networks showed varied effects worldwide. Responses differed among network metrics, signaling nuanced impacts on structure. Activities like agriculture and fragmentation significantly changed ecosystems, reducing species richness in both pollinators and plants, highlighting network vulnerability. Regional differences stressed the need for tailored conservation. Despite insights, more research is crucial for a complete understanding of these ecological relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla López-Vázquez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Lara
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Pablo Corcuera
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Citlalli Castillo-Guevara
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Mariana Cuautle
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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3
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Martins LP, Garcia-Callejas D, Lai HR, Wootton KL, Tylianakis JM. The propagation of disturbances in ecological networks. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:558-570. [PMID: 38402007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite the development of network science, we lack clear heuristics for how far different disturbance types propagate within and across species interaction networks. We discuss the mechanisms of disturbance propagation in ecological networks, and propose that disturbances can be categorized into structural, functional, and transmission types according to their spread and effect on network structure and functioning. We describe the properties of species and their interaction networks and metanetworks that determine the indirect, spatial, and temporal extent of propagation. We argue that the sampling scale of ecological studies may have impeded predictions regarding the rate and extent that a disturbance spreads, and discuss directions to help ecologists to move towards a predictive understanding of the propagation of impacts across interacting communities and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P Martins
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, Aotearoa New Zealand.
| | - David Garcia-Callejas
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Hao Ran Lai
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, Aotearoa New Zealand; Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Kate L Wootton
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, Aotearoa New Zealand; Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, Aotearoa New Zealand
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4
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Wei F, Xie T, Su C, He B, Shu Z, Zhang Y, Xiao Z, Hao J. Stability and Assembly Mechanisms of Butterfly Communities across Environmental Gradients of a Subtropical Mountain. INSECTS 2024; 15:230. [PMID: 38667360 PMCID: PMC11050375 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Mountain ecosystems harbor evolutionarily unique and exceptionally rich biodiversity, particularly in insects. In this study, we characterized the diversity, community stability, and assembly mechanisms of butterflies on a subtropical mountain in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, China, using grid-based monitoring across the entire region for two years. The results showed that species richness, abundance, and Faith's phylogenetic diversity decreased with increasing elevation; taxonomic diversity played a considerable role in mediating the effects of environmental changes on stability. Moreover, our results showed that stochastic processes are dominant in governing the assembly of butterfly communities across all elevational gradients, with habitats at an elevation of 416-580 m subjected to the strongest stochastic processes, whereas heterogeneous selection processes displayed stronger effects on the assembly of butterfly communities at 744-908 m, 580-744 m, and 908-1072 m, with abiotic factors inferred as the main driving forces. In addition, significant differences were detected between the barcode tree and the placement tree for the calculated β-NTI values at 416-580 m. Overall, this study provides new insights into the effects of environmental change on the stability and assembly of butterflies in Chebaling, which will be beneficial for biodiversity conservation and policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyu Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (F.W.); (T.X.); (C.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (F.W.); (T.X.); (C.S.); (B.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoological and Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Chengyong Su
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (F.W.); (T.X.); (C.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Bo He
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (F.W.); (T.X.); (C.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Zufei Shu
- Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Shaoguan 512500, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingming Zhang
- Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Shaoguan 512500, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhishu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jiasheng Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (F.W.); (T.X.); (C.S.); (B.H.)
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5
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Li J, Yu Z, Zheng Q, Chen W, Lin X. How antibiotic exposure affect predator-prey interactions by population dynamics in ciliates? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106814. [PMID: 38160499 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity loss resulting from environmental pollution is a global concern. While interspecific interactions are central to ecology, the impact of environmental pollution on predator-prey interactions and its ecological consequences, such as extinction and biodiversity loss, remain unclear. To investigate the effects of antibiotic exposure on predation strength and the resulting ecological consequence, the Didinium-Paramecium was utilized as a predator-prey model and exposed to nitrofurazone or erythromycin, two common pollutants, respectively. Initially, we determined prey population growth dynamics, body size, and predator numerical-functional responses. Subsequently, these above parameters were integrated into a mathematical model of predator-prey predation. Then both the long time-series data and phase portraits obtained through model simulation were used to estimate interaction strength and to predict the outcome of predator-prey coexistence. Our results revealed that exposure to either antibiotic significantly reduced prey population growth parameters (e.g., μmax and K) while increasing individual body size. The combined effects of antibiotic exposure and predation pressure on population growth inhibition or body size promotion were variable, mostly additive, with a few cases of synergy and extremely rare antagonism, depending on antibiotic exposure concentration. As antibiotic exposure concentration increased, the predator rmax generally declined, while functional responses varied depending on specific parameters, implying a decrease in predator-prey interaction strength. Analyses of phase portrait features showed that the population oscillation amplitude decreased with increasing antibiotic exposure concentrations, the cycle length of adjacent peaks increased, and prey extinction occurred earlier. In conclusion, antibiotic exposure reduced both predator and prey fitness, underlying the reason antibiotics reduces the strength of predator-prey interaction. Despite the indirect benefits of prey gain from this, the presence of predators can expedite the process of prey extinction caused by antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiu Li
- College of the Environment and Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ziyue Yu
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qinyun Zheng
- College of the Environment and Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weihuang Chen
- College of the Environment and Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- College of the Environment and Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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6
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Rivas-Santisteban J, Yubero P, Robaina-Estévez S, González JM, Tamames J, Pedrós-Alió C. Quantifying microbial guilds. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae042. [PMID: 38707845 PMCID: PMC11069341 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The ecological role of microorganisms is of utmost importance due to their multiple interactions with the environment. However, assessing the contribution of individual taxonomic groups has proven difficult despite the availability of high throughput data, hindering our understanding of such complex systems. Here, we propose a quantitative definition of guild that is readily applicable to metagenomic data. Our framework focuses on the functional character of protein sequences, as well as their diversifying nature. First, we discriminate functional sequences from the whole sequence space corresponding to a gene annotation to then quantify their contribution to the guild composition across environments. In addition, we identify and distinguish functional implementations, which are sequence spaces that have different ways of carrying out the function. In contrast, we found that orthology delineation did not consistently align with ecologically (or functionally) distinct implementations of the function. We demonstrate the value of our approach with two case studies: the ammonia oxidation and polyamine uptake guilds from the Malaspina circumnavigation cruise, revealing novel ecological dynamics of the latter in marine ecosystems. Thus, the quantification of guilds helps us to assess the functional role of different taxonomic groups with profound implications on the study of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rivas-Santisteban
- Microbiome Analysis Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, Calle Darwin no. 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Pablo Yubero
- Logic of Genomic Systems Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Tamames
- Microbiome Analysis Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, Calle Darwin no. 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Carlos Pedrós-Alió
- Microbiome Analysis Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, Calle Darwin no. 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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7
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Zhao Q, Van den Brink PJ, Xu C, Wang S, Clark AT, Karakoç C, Sugihara G, Widdicombe CE, Atkinson A, Matsuzaki SIS, Shinohara R, He S, Wang YXG, De Laender F. Relationships of temperature and biodiversity with stability of natural aquatic food webs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3507. [PMID: 37316479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature and biodiversity changes occur in concert, but their joint effects on ecological stability of natural food webs are unknown. Here, we assess these relationships in 19 planktonic food webs. We estimate stability as structural stability (using the volume contraction rate) and temporal stability (using the temporal variation of species abundances). Warmer temperatures were associated with lower structural and temporal stability, while biodiversity had no consistent effects on either stability property. While species richness was associated with lower structural stability and higher temporal stability, Simpson diversity was associated with higher temporal stability. The responses of structural stability were linked to disproportionate contributions from two trophic groups (predators and consumers), while the responses of temporal stability were linked both to synchrony of all species within the food web and distinctive contributions from three trophic groups (predators, consumers, and producers). Our results suggest that, in natural ecosystems, warmer temperatures can erode ecosystem stability, while biodiversity changes may not have consistent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhao
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
- Institute of Complex Systems (naXys), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
- Institute of Life, Earth and the Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Adam T Clark
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Canan Karakoç
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - George Sugihara
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Angus Atkinson
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL13DH, UK
| | | | | | - Shuiqing He
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yingying X G Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Complex Systems (naXys), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Life, Earth and the Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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8
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González C. Evolution of the concept of ecological integrity and its study through networks. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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9
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Kuang J, Deng D, Han S, Bates CT, Ning D, Shu W, Zhou J. Resistance potential of soil bacterial communities along a biodiversity gradient in forest ecosystems. MLIFE 2022; 1:399-411. [PMID: 38818486 PMCID: PMC10989803 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Higher biodiversity is often assumed to be a more desirable scenario for maintaining the functioning of ecosystems, but whether species-richer communities are also more disturbance-tolerant remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the bacterial communities based on 472 soil samples from 28 forests across China with associated edaphic and climatic properties. We developed two indexes (i.e., community mean tolerance breadth [CMTB] and community mean response asynchrony [CMRA]) to explore the relationship between diversity and community resistance potential. Moreover, we examined this resistance potential along the climatic and latitudinal gradients. We revealed that CMTB was significantly and negatively related to species richness, resulting from the changes in balance between relative abundances of putative specialists and generalists. In comparison, we found a unimodal relationship between CMRA and richness, suggesting that higher biodiversity might not always lead to higher community resistance. Moreover, our results showed differential local patterns along latitude. In particular, local patterns in the northern region mainly followed general relationships rather than those for the southern forests, which may be attributed to the differences in annual means and annual variations of climate conditions. Our findings highlight that the community resistance potential depends on the composition of diverse species with differential environmental tolerance and responses. This study provides a new, testable evaluation by considering tolerance breadth and response asynchrony at the community level, which will be helpful in assessing the influence of disturbance under rapid shifts in biodiversity and species composition as a result of global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Kuang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of EducationSchool of Environment and Energy, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesCollege of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar ResourcesCollege of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhouChina
| | - Shun Han
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
| | - Colin T. Bates
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
| | - Wensheng Shu
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental SciencesUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- School of Computer SciencesUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- Earth and Environmental SciencesLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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10
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Phenomenology and dynamics of competitive ecosystems beyond the niche-neutral regimes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204394119. [PMID: 36251996 PMCID: PMC9618050 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204394119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure, composition, and stability of ecological populations are shaped by the inter- and intraspecies interactions within their communities. It remains to be fully understood how the interplay of these interactions with other factors, such as immigration, controls the structure, the diversity, and the long-term stability of ecological systems in the presence of noise and fluctuations. We address this problem using a minimal model of interacting multispecies ecological communities that incorporates competition, immigration, and demographic noise. We find that a complete phase diagram exhibits rich behavior with multiple regimes that go beyond the classical "niche" and "neutral" regimes, extending and modifying the "rare biosphere" or "niche-like" dichotomy. In particular, we observe regimes that cannot be characterized as either niche or neutral where a multimodal species abundance distribution is observed. We characterize the transitions between the different regimes and show how these arise from the underlying kinetics of the species turnover, extinction, and invasion. Our model serves as a minimal null model of noisy competitive ecological systems, against which more complex models that include factors such as mutations and environmental noise can be compared.
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11
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Jarillo J, Cao-García FJ, De Laender F. Spatial and Ecological Scaling of Stability in Spatial Community Networks. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.861537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many scales at which to quantify stability in spatial and ecological networks. Local-scale analyses focus on specific nodes of the spatial network, while regional-scale analyses consider the whole network. Similarly, species- and community-level analyses either account for single species or for the whole community. Furthermore, stability itself can be defined in multiple ways, including resistance (the inverse of the relative displacement caused by a perturbation), initial resilience (the rate of return after a perturbation), and invariability (the inverse of the relative amplitude of the population fluctuations). Here, we analyze the scale-dependence of these stability properties. More specifically, we ask how spatial scale (local vs. regional) and ecological scale (species vs. community) influence these stability properties. We find that regional initial resilience is the weighted arithmetic mean of the local initial resiliences. The regional resistance is the harmonic mean of local resistances, which makes regional resistance particularly vulnerable to nodes with low stability, unlike regional initial resilience. Analogous results hold for the relationship between community- and species-level initial resilience and resistance. Both resistance and initial resilience are “scale-free” properties: regional and community values are simply the biomass-weighted means of the local and species values, respectively. Thus, one can easily estimate both stability metrics of whole networks from partial sampling. In contrast, invariability generally is greater at the regional and community-level than at the local and species-level, respectively. Hence, estimating the invariability of spatial or ecological networks from measurements at the local or species level is more complicated, requiring an unbiased estimate of the network (i.e., region or community) size. In conclusion, we find that scaling of stability depends on the metric considered, and we present a reliable framework to estimate these metrics.
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12
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Fica-Rojas E, Catalán AM, Broitman BR, Pérez-Matus A, Valdivia N. Independent Effects of Species Removal and Asynchrony on Invariability of an Intertidal Rocky Shore Community. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.866950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological stability depends on interactions between different levels of biological organization. The insurance effects occur when increasing species diversity leads to more temporally invariable (i.e., more stable) community-level properties, due in part to asynchronous population-level fluctuations. While the study of insurance effects has received considerable attention, the role of dominant species that contribute with particular functional traits across different level of organizations is less understood. Using a field-based manipulative experiment, we investigated how species richness and different types of parameters at the population level, such as the invariability of dominants, population invariability, and population asynchrony, influence the community invariability. The experiment involved the repetitive removal of the canopy forming alga Mazzaella laminarioides (hereafter “Mazzaella”) during 32 months in two rocky intertidal sites of northern-central Chile. We predicted that the invariability of dominants enhances community invariability, that the effect of multispecies population-level parameters on community invariability are dependent on species richness, and that subdominant algae are unable to fully compensate the loss of canopies of the dominant species. Biomass of algae and mobile invertebrates was quantified over time. We observed independent effects of Mazzaella removal and community-wide asynchrony on community invariability. While canopy removal reduced community invariability, population asynchrony boosted community invariability regardless of the presence of canopies. In addition, filamentous and foliose algae were unable to compensate the loss of biomass triggered by the experimental removal of Mazzaella. Canopy removal led to a severe decrement in the biomass of macrograzers, while, at the same time, increased the biomass of mesograzers. Asynchrony stemmed from compensatory trophic responses of mesograzers to increased abundances of opportunistic algae. Thus, further work on consumer-resource interactions will improve our understanding of the links between population- and community-level aspects of stability.
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13
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He L, Wang C, Hu J, Gao Z, Falcone E, Holland SM, Blaser MJ, Li H. ARZIMM: A Novel Analytic Platform for the Inference of Microbial Interactions and Community Stability from Longitudinal Microbiome Study. Front Genet 2022; 13:777877. [PMID: 35281829 PMCID: PMC8914110 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.777877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes of microbiome communities may play important roles in human health and diseases. The recent rise in longitudinal microbiome studies calls for statistical methods that can model the temporal dynamic patterns and simultaneously quantify the microbial interactions and community stability. Here, we propose a novel autoregressive zero-inflated mixed-effects model (ARZIMM) to capture the sparse microbial interactions and estimate the community stability. ARZIMM employs a zero-inflated Poisson autoregressive model to model the excessive zero abundances and the non-zero abundances separately, a random effect to investigate the underlining dynamic pattern shared within the group, and a Lasso-type penalty to capture and estimate the sparse microbial interactions. Based on the estimated microbial interaction matrix, we further derive the estimate of community stability, and identify the core dynamic patterns through network inference. Through extensive simulation studies and real data analyses we evaluate ARZIMM in comparison with the other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, United States
| | - Chan Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, East Hanover, NY, United States
| | - Jiyuan Hu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, East Hanover, NY, United States
| | - Zhan Gao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Emilia Falcone
- Division of Intramural Research, Immunopathogenesis Section, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steven M. Holland
- Division of Intramural Research, Immunopathogenesis Section, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Huilin Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, East Hanover, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Huilin Li,
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14
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Carroll O, Batzer E, Bharath S, Borer ET, Campana S, Esch E, Hautier Y, Ohlert T, Seabloom EW, Adler PB, Bakker JD, Biederman L, Bugalho MN, Caldeira M, Chen Q, Davies KF, Fay PA, Knops JMH, Komatsu K, Martina JP, McCann KS, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Muraina TO, Osborne B, Risch AC, Stevens C, Wilfahrt PA, Yahdjian L, MacDougall AS. Nutrient identity modifies the destabilising effects of eutrophication in grasslands. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:754-765. [PMID: 34957674 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient enrichment can simultaneously increase and destabilise plant biomass production, with co-limitation by multiple nutrients potentially intensifying these effects. Here, we test how factorial additions of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium with essential nutrients (K+) affect the stability (mean/standard deviation) of aboveground biomass in 34 grasslands over 7 years. Destabilisation with fertilisation was prevalent but was driven by single nutrients, not synergistic nutrient interactions. On average, N-based treatments increased mean biomass production by 21-51% but increased its standard deviation by 40-68% and so consistently reduced stability. Adding P increased interannual variability and reduced stability without altering mean biomass, while K+ had no general effects. Declines in stability were largest in the most nutrient-limited grasslands, or where nutrients reduced species richness or intensified species synchrony. We show that nutrients can differentially impact the stability of biomass production, with N and P in particular disproportionately increasing its interannual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Carroll
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan Batzer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Siddharth Bharath
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sofía Campana
- Facultad de Agronomía, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ellen Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kendi F Davies
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip A Fay
- USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Lab, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of health and Environmental Sciences, Xián Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kimberly Komatsu
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason P Martina
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin S McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Taofeek O Muraina
- Department of Animal Health & Production, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igbo-Ora, Nigeria
| | - Brooke Osborne
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, Utah, USA
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Peter A Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Facultad de Agronomía, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Finn DR, Lee S, Lanzén A, Bertrand M, Nicol GW, Hazard C. Cropping systems impact changes in soil fungal, but not prokaryote, alpha-diversity and community composition stability over a growing season in a long-term field trial. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6374554. [PMID: 34555173 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop harvest followed by a fallow period can act as a disturbance on soil microbial communities. Cropping systems intended to improve alpha-diversity of communities may also confer increased compositional stability during succeeding growing seasons. Over a single growing season in a long-term (18 year) agricultural field experiment incorporating conventional (CON), conservation (CA), organic (ORG) and integrated (INT) cropping systems, temporal changes in prokaryote, fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities were investigated overwinter, during crop growth and at harvest. While certain prokaryote phyla were influenced by cropping system (e.g. Acidobacteria), the community as a whole was primarily driven by temporal changes over the growing season as distinct overwinter and crop-associated communities, with the same trend observed regardless of cropping system. Species-rich prokaryote communities were most stable over the growing season. Cropping system exerted a greater effect on fungal communities, with alpha-diversity highest and temporal changes most stable under CA. CON was particularly detrimental for alpha-diversity in AMF communities, with AMF alpha-diversity and stability improved under all other cropping systems. Practices that promoted alpha-diversity tended to also increase the similarity and temporal stability of soil fungal (and AMF) communities during a growing season, while prokaryote communities were largely insensitive to management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien R Finn
- Thünen Institut für Biodiversität, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.,Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134 Écully, France
| | - Sungeun Lee
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134 Écully, France
| | - Anders Lanzén
- NEIKER, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, c/ Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Michel Bertrand
- UMR Agronomie, INRAE AgroParisTech Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Graeme W Nicol
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134 Écully, France
| | - Christina Hazard
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134 Écully, France
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16
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Vegetation community changes in European woodlands amid a changing climate: a palaeoecological modelling perspective. COMMUNITY ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-021-00057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Hordley LA, Gillings S, Petchey OL, Tobias JA, Oliver TH. Diversity of response and effect traits provides complementary information about avian community dynamics linked to ecological function. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Owen L. Petchey
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Joseph A. Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Berkshire UK
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18
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Chaudhry V, Runge P, Sengupta P, Doehlemann G, Parker JE, Kemen E. Shaping the leaf microbiota: plant-microbe-microbe interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:36-56. [PMID: 32910810 PMCID: PMC8210630 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aerial portion of a plant, namely the leaf, is inhabited by pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. The leaf's physical and chemical properties, combined with fluctuating and often challenging environmental factors, create surfaces that require a high degree of adaptation for microbial colonization. As a consequence, specific interactive processes have evolved to establish a plant leaf niche. Little is known about the impact of the host immune system on phyllosphere colonization by non-pathogenic microbes. These organisms can trigger plant basal defenses and benefit the host by priming for enhanced resistance to pathogens. In most disease resistance responses, microbial signals are recognized by extra- or intracellular receptors. The interactions tend to be species specific and it is unclear how they shape leaf microbial communities. In natural habitats, microbe-microbe interactions are also important for shaping leaf communities. To protect resources, plant colonizers have developed direct antagonistic or host manipulation strategies to fight competitors. Phyllosphere-colonizing microbes respond to abiotic and biotic fluctuations and are therefore an important resource for adaptive and protective traits. Understanding the complex regulatory host-microbe-microbe networks is needed to transfer current knowledge to biotechnological applications such as plant-protective probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasvi Chaudhry
- Department of Microbial Interactions, IMIT/ZMBP, University of
Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Runge
- Department of Microbial Interactions, IMIT/ZMBP, University of
Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Priyamedha Sengupta
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences
(CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Cologne,
Germany
| | - Gunther Doehlemann
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences
(CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Cologne,
Germany
| | - Jane E Parker
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences
(CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Cologne,
Germany
| | - Eric Kemen
- Department of Microbial Interactions, IMIT/ZMBP, University of
Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Muszynski S, Maurer F, Henjes S, Horn MA, Noll M. Fungal and Bacterial Diversity Patterns of Two Diversity Levels Retrieved From a Late Decaying Fagus sylvatica Under Two Temperature Regimes. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:548793. [PMID: 33584553 PMCID: PMC7874115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.548793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental fluctuations are a common occurrence in an ecosystem, which have an impact on organismic diversity and associated ecosystem services. The aim of this study was to investigate how a natural and a species richness-reduced wood decaying community diversity were capable of decomposing Fagus sylvatica dead wood under a constant and a fluctuating temperature regime. Therefore, microcosms with both diversity levels (natural and species richness-reduced) were prepared and incubated for 8 weeks under both temperature regimes. Relative wood mass loss, wood pH, carbon dioxide, and methane emissions, as well as fungal and bacterial community compositions in terms of Simpson‘s diversity, richness and evenness were investigated. Community interaction patterns and co-occurrence networks were calculated. Community composition was affected by temperature regime and natural diversity caused significantly higher mass loss than richness-reduced diversity. In contrast, richness-reduced diversity increased wood pH. The bacterial community composition was less affected by richness reduction and temperature regimes than the fungal community composition. Microbial interaction patterns showed more mutual exclusions in richness-reduced compared to natural diversity as the reduction mainly reduced abundant fungal species and disintegrated previous interaction patterns. Microbial communities reassembled in richness-reduced diversity with a focus on nitrate reducing and dinitrogen-fixing bacteria as connectors in the network, indicating their high relevance to reestablish ecosystem functions. Therefore, a stochastic richness reduction was followed by functional trait based reassembly to recover previous ecosystem productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Muszynski
- Department of Applied Science, Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | - Florian Maurer
- Department of Applied Science, Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | - Sina Henjes
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Marcus A Horn
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Matthias Noll
- Department of Applied Science, Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Coburg, Coburg, Germany
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20
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Martínez-Sastre R, García D, Miñarro M, Martín-López B. Farmers' perceptions and knowledge of natural enemies as providers of biological control in cider apple orchards. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 266:110589. [PMID: 32392141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While the importance of biological control for crop production is widely acknowledged, research on how farmers perceive on-farm natural enemies remains scarce. This paper examines cider-apple farmers' perceptions and knowledge of the concept of biological control and the specific organisms underpinning its provision (i.e. natural enemies) in the cider-apple orchards of Asturias (N Spain). Although these orchards host a high diversity of natural enemies, certain pests continue to be a problem, e.g. the codling moth and the fossorial water vole. By conducting 90 face-to-face surveys, we found that farmers "under-estimated" the importance of biological control and the role played by natural enemies in suppressing pests from cider-apple orchards. Furthermore, farmers were particularly unaware of the indirect benefits of biological control, such as the increased quality and yield of product. Farmers also perceived that different taxa of natural enemies contribute to biological control to differing extents, for example, birds, such as buzzard, robin and tit, were perceived as the most important natural enemies, while arachnids and insects (excluding ladybug) were perceived as less important. This perceived difference in the biological control contribution of vertebrates and invertebrates could be influenced by farmers' local knowledge, acquired on-farm through daily experiences, as well as from external sources. In addition, we found that farmers did recognize many interactions between natural enemies and pests, although there were serious misconceptions and knowledge gaps. Finally, we revealed that education level, being a full-or part time farmer rather than a 'hobby' farmer, time spent working in agriculture, and orchard size are all factors that positively influence farmer's perception of natural enemies. Our results provide insights for a future management of cider-apple orchards which promotes biological control through: (1) creating initiatives to develop farmers' knowledge regarding biological control and natural enemies, (2) fostering traditional farming systems that contribute to preserving local ecological knowledge of biological control, and (3) establishing networks of farmers so they can learn from each other and share local knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martínez-Sastre
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Apdo.13, E-33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Daniel García
- Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (CSIC-Uo-PA), C/Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, E-33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Marcos Miñarro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Apdo.13, E-33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Berta Martín-López
- Faculty of Sustainability, Institute for Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Leuphana University, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
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21
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Karakoç C, Clark AT, Chatzinotas A. Diversity and coexistence are influenced by time-dependent species interactions in a predator-prey system. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:983-993. [PMID: 32243074 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies show that communities are jointly influenced by predation and competitive interactions, few have resolved how temporal variability in these interactions influences community assembly and stability. Here, we addressed this challenge in experimental microbial microcosms by employing empirical dynamic modelling tools to: (1) detect causal interactions between prey species in the absence and presence of a predator; (2) quantify the time-varying strength of these interactions and (3) explore stability in the resulting communities. Our findings show that predators boost the number of causal interactions among community members, and lead to reduced dynamic stability, but higher coexistence among prey species. These results correspond to time-varying changes in species interactions, including emergence of morphological characteristics that appeared to reduce predation, and indirectly facilitate growth of predator-susceptible species. Jointly, our findings suggest that careful consideration of both context and time may be necessary to predict and explain outcomes in multi-trophic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Karakoç
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adam Thomas Clark
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences (sDiv), Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonis Chatzinotas
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Talstrasse 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Fried‐Petersen HB, Araya‐Ajoy YG, Futter MN, Angeler DG. Drivers of long-term invertebrate community stability in changing Swedish lakes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1259-1270. [PMID: 31808987 PMCID: PMC7078863 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Research on ecosystem stability has had a strong focus on local systems. However, environmental change often occurs slowly at broad spatial scales, which requires regional-level assessments of long-term stability. In this study, we assess the stability of macroinvertebrate communities across 105 lakes in the Swedish "lakescape." Using a hierarchical mixed-model approach, we first evaluate the environmental pressures affecting invertebrate communities in two ecoregions (north, south) using a 23 year time series (1995-2017) and then examine how a set of environmental and physical variables affect the stability of these communities. Results show that lake latitude, size, total phosphorus and alkalinity affect community composition in northern and southern lakes. We find that lake stability is affected by species richness and lake size in both ecoregions and alkalinity and total phosphorus in northern lakes. There is large heterogeneity in the patterns of community stability of individual lakes, but relationships between that stability and environmental drivers begin to emerge when the lakescape, composed of many discrete lakes, is the focal unit of study. The results of this study highlight that broad-scale comparisons in combination with long time series are essential to understand the effects of environmental change on the stability of lake communities in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B. Fried‐Petersen
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Yimen G. Araya‐Ajoy
- Centre for Biodiversity DynamicsNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Martyn N. Futter
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - David G. Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska – LincolnLincolnNEUSA
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23
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Kiss R, Deák B, Tóthmérész B, Miglécz T, Tóth K, Török P, Lukács K, Godó L, Körmöczi Z, Radócz S, Kelemen A, Sonkoly J, Kirmer A, Tischew S, Švamberková E, Valkó O. Establishment gaps in species‐poor grasslands: artificial biodiversity hotspots to support the colonization of target species. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Réka Kiss
- MTA‐ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Balázs Deák
- MTA‐ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Béla Tóthmérész
- MTA‐DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group Debrecen Hungary
| | - Tamás Miglécz
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Péter Török
- MTA‐DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group Debrecen Hungary
| | - Katalin Lukács
- MTA‐ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research Vácrátót Hungary
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Juhász Nagy Pál Doctoral School University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Laura Godó
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Juhász Nagy Pál Doctoral School University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Zsófia Körmöczi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Juhász Nagy Pál Doctoral School University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Szilvia Radócz
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - András Kelemen
- MTA‐ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Judit Sonkoly
- MTA‐DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group Debrecen Hungary
| | - Anita Kirmer
- Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Bernburg Germany
| | - Sabine Tischew
- Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Bernburg Germany
| | - Eva Švamberková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Orsolya Valkó
- MTA‐ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research Vácrátót Hungary
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24
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Gonzalez A, Germain RM, Srivastava DS, Filotas E, Dee LE, Gravel D, Thompson PL, Isbell F, Wang S, Kéfi S, Montoya J, Zelnik YR, Loreau M. Scaling-up biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:757-776. [PMID: 31997566 PMCID: PMC7497049 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A rich body of knowledge links biodiversity to ecosystem functioning (BEF), but it is primarily focused on small scales. We review the current theory and identify six expectations for scale dependence in the BEF relationship: (1) a nonlinear change in the slope of the BEF relationship with spatial scale; (2) a scale‐dependent relationship between ecosystem stability and spatial extent; (3) coexistence within and among sites will result in a positive BEF relationship at larger scales; (4) temporal autocorrelation in environmental variability affects species turnover and thus the change in BEF slope with scale; (5) connectivity in metacommunities generates nonlinear BEF and stability relationships by affecting population synchrony at local and regional scales; (6) spatial scaling in food web structure and diversity will generate scale dependence in ecosystem functioning. We suggest directions for synthesis that combine approaches in metaecosystem and metacommunity ecology and integrate cross‐scale feedbacks. Tests of this theory may combine remote sensing with a generation of networked experiments that assess effects at multiple scales. We also show how anthropogenic land cover change may alter the scaling of the BEF relationship. New research on the role of scale in BEF will guide policy linking the goals of managing biodiversity and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Rachel M Germain
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Elise Filotas
- Center for Forest Research, Département Science et Technologie, Université du Québec, 5800 Saint-Denis, Téluq, Montreal, H2S 3L5, Canada
| | - Laura E Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Patrick L Thompson
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Sonia Kéfi
- ISEM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Jose Montoya
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Yuval R Zelnik
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
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25
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Jiang R, Wang M, Chen W, Li X, Balseiro-Romero M, Baveye PC. Ecological risk of combined pollution on soil ecosystem functions: Insight from the functional sensitivity and stability. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113184. [PMID: 31541819 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the ecological risk of combined pollution, especially from a holistic perspective with the consideration of the overarching functions of soil ecosystem, is crucial and beneficial to the improvement of ecological risk assessment (ERA) framework. In this study, four soils with similar physicochemical properties but contrasting heavy metals contamination levels were selected to explore changes in the integrated functional sensitivity (MSI), resistance (MRS) and resilience (MRL) of soil microbial communities subjected to herbicide siduron, based on which the ecological risk of the accumulation of siduron in the four studied soils were evaluated. The results suggested that the microbial biomass carbon, activity of denitrification enzyme and nitrogenase were indicative of MSI and MRS, and the same three parameters plus soil basal respiration were indicative of MRL. Significant dose-effect relationships between siduron residues in soils and MSI, MRS and MRL under combined pollution were observed. Heavy metal polluted soils showed higher sensitivity and lower resistance to the additional disturbance of herbicide siduron due to the lower microbial biomass, while the resilience of heavy metal polluted soils was much higher due to the pre-adaption to the chemical stresses. The quantifiable indicator microbial functional stability was incorporated in the framework of ERA and the results showed that the accumulation of siduron in the studied soils could exhibit potential harm to the integrated functional stability of soil microbial community. Thus, this work provides insights into the application of integrated function of soil microbial community into the framework of ERA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xuzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - María Balseiro-Romero
- UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Philippe C Baveye
- UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
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26
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Thomsen MS, Godbold JA, Garcia C, Bolam SG, Parker R, Solan M. Compensatory responses can alter the form of the biodiversity-function relation curve. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190287. [PMID: 30991928 PMCID: PMC6501933 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now strong evidence that ecosystem properties are influenced by alterations in biodiversity. The consensus that has emerged from over two decades of research is that the form of the biodiversity-functioning relationship follows a saturating curve. However, the foundation from which these conclusions are drawn mostly stems from empirical investigations that have not accounted for post-extinction changes in community composition and structure, or how surviving species respond to new circumstances and modify their contribution to functioning. Here, we use marine sediment-dwelling invertebrate communities to experimentally assess whether post-extinction compensatory mechanisms (simulated by increasing species biomass) have the potential to alter biodiversity-ecosystem function relations. Consistent with recent numerical simulations, we find that the form of the biodiversity-function curve is dependent on whether or not compensatory responses are present, the cause and extent of extinction, and species density. When species losses are combined with the compensatory responses of surviving species, both community composition, dominance structure, and the pool and relative expression of functionally important traits change and affect species interactions and behaviour. These observations emphasize the importance of post-extinction community composition in determining the stability of ecosystem functioning following extinction. Our results caution against the use of the generalized biodiversity-function curve when generating probabilistic estimates of post-extinction ecosystem properties for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S. Thomsen
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Jasmin A. Godbold
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Clement Garcia
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Stefan G. Bolam
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Ruth Parker
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Martin Solan
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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27
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Kohli M, Borer ET, Kinkel L, Seabloom EW. Stability of grassland production is robust to changes in the consumer food web. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:707-716. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kohli
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Twin Cities Minnesota USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Twin Cities Minnesota USA
| | - Linda Kinkel
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Minnesota Twin Cities Minnesota USA
| | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Twin Cities Minnesota USA
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28
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Hamilton SG, Derocher AE. Assessment of global polar bear abundance and vulnerability. Anim Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. G. Hamilton
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - A. E. Derocher
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
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29
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Landi P, Minoarivelo HO, Brännström Å, Hui C, Dieckmann U. Complexity and stability of ecological networks: a review of the theory. POPUL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-018-0628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Landi
- Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
- Evolution and Ecology ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
| | - Henintsoa O. Minoarivelo
- Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical SciencesWits UniversityJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Åke Brännström
- Evolution and Ecology ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical StatisticsUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Cang Hui
- Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
- Mathematical and Physical BiosciencesAfrican Institute for Mathematical SciencesMuizenbergSouth Africa
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- Evolution and Ecology ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
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30
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Ghedini G, Loreau M, White CR, Marshall DJ. Testing MacArthur's minimisation principle: do communities minimise energy wastage during succession? Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1182-1190. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ghedini
- Centre for Geometric Biology School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station CNRS and Paul Sabatier University 09200 Moulis France
| | - Craig R. White
- Centre for Geometric Biology School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Dustin J. Marshall
- Centre for Geometric Biology School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
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31
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Blanco F, Gómez Cano AR, Cantalapiedra JL, Domingo MS, Domingo L, Menéndez I, Flynn LJ, Hernández Fernández M. Differential responses of Miocene rodent metacommunities to global climatic changes were mediated by environmental context. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2502. [PMID: 29410503 PMCID: PMC5802738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of how long-term changes affect metacommunities is a relevant topic, that involves the evaluation of connections among biological assemblages across different spatio-temporal scales, in order to fully understand links between global changes and macroevolutionary patterns. We applied multivariate statistical analyses and diversity tests using a large data matrix of rodent fossil sites in order to analyse long-term faunal changes. Late Miocene rodent faunas from southwestern Europe were classified into metacommunities, presumably sharing ecological affinities, which followed temporal and environmental non-random assembly and disassembly patterns. Metacommunity dynamics of these faunas were driven by environmental changes associated with temperature variability, but there was also some influence from the aridity shifts described for this region during the late Miocene. Additionally, while variations in the structure of rodent assemblages were directly influenced by global climatic changes in the southern province, the northern sites showed a pattern of climatic influence mediated by diversity-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Blanco
- Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. C/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Rosa Gómez Cano
- Transmitting Science. C/Gardenia 2, Piera, 08784, Spain.,Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. Edifici ICP, Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Juan L Cantalapiedra
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Soledad Domingo
- Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. C/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC). C/Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Domingo
- Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. C/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz. 1156 High Street, CA, 95064, Santa Cruz, USA.,Departamento de Cambio Medioambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM, CSIC). C/ José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Menéndez
- Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. C/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Cambio Medioambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM, CSIC). C/ José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lawrence J Flynn
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University. 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Manuel Hernández Fernández
- Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. C/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Cambio Medioambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM, CSIC). C/ José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Byun C, de Blois S, Brisson J. Management of invasive plants through ecological resistance. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Wang J, Knops JMH, Brassil CE, Mu C. Increased productivity in wet years drives a decline in ecosystem stability with nitrogen additions in arid grasslands. Ecology 2017; 98:1779-1786. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Grassland Sciences; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Nebraska; Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0118 USA
| | - Johannes M. H. Knops
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Nebraska; Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0118 USA
| | - Chad E. Brassil
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Nebraska; Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0118 USA
| | - Chunsheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Grassland Sciences; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
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34
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Mason NWH, Palmer DJ, Romera A, Waugh D, Mudge PL. Combining field experiments and predictive models to assess potential for increased plant diversity to climate-proof intensive agriculture. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4907-4918. [PMID: 28690818 PMCID: PMC5496536 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural production systems face increasing threats from more frequent and extreme weather fluctuations associated with global climate change. While there is mounting evidence that increased plant community diversity can reduce the variability of ecosystem functions (such as primary productivity) in the face of environmental fluctuation, there has been little work testing whether this is true for intensively managed agricultural systems. Using statistical modeling techniques to fit environment–productivity relationships offers an efficient means of leveraging hard‐won experimental data to compare the potential variability of different mixtures across a wide range of environmental contexts. We used data from two multiyear field experiments to fit climate–soil–productivity models for two pasture mixtures under intensive grazing—one composed of two drought‐sensitive species (standard), and an eight‐species mixture including several drought‐resistant species (complex). We then used these models to undertake a scoping study estimating the mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of annual productivity for long‐term climate data covering all New Zealand on soils with low, medium, or high water‐holding capacity. Our results suggest that the complex mixture is likely to have consistently lower CV in productivity, irrespective of soil type or climate regime. Predicted differences in mean annual productivity between mixtures were strongly influenced by soil type and were closely linked to mean annual soil water availability across all soil types. Differences in the CV of productivity were only strongly related to interannual variance in water availability for the lowest water‐holding capacity soil. Our results show that there is considerable scope for mixtures including drought‐tolerant species to enhance certainty in intensive pastoral systems. This provides justification for investing resources in a large‐scale distributed experiment involving many sites under different environmental contexts to confirm these findings.
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35
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Monagan IV, Morris JR, Davis Rabosky AR, Perfecto I, Vandermeer J. Anolis lizards as biocontrol agents in mainland and island agroecosystems. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2193-2203. [PMID: 28405283 PMCID: PMC5383488 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of ecological interactions that bolster ecosystem function and productivity has broad applications to the management of agricultural systems. Studies suggest that the presence of generalist predators in agricultural landscapes leads to a decrease in the abundance of herbivorous pests, but our understanding of how these interactions vary across taxa and along gradients of management intensity and eco‐geographic space remains incomplete. In this study, we assessed the functional response and biocontrol potential of a highly ubiquitous insectivore (lizards in the genus Anolis) on the world's most important coffee pest, the coffee berry borer (Hypothalemus hampei). We conducted field surveys and laboratory experiments to examine the impact of land‐use intensification on species richness and abundance of anoles and the capacity of anoles to reduce berry borer infestations in mainland and island coffee systems. Our results show that anoles significantly reduce coffee infestation rates in laboratory settings (Mexico, p = .03, F = 5.13 df = 1, 35; Puerto Rico, p = .014, F = 8.82, df = 1, 10) and are capable of consuming coffee berry borers in high abundance. Additionally, diversified agroecosystems bolster anole abundance, while high‐intensity practices, including the reduction of vegetation complexity and the application of agrochemicals were associated with reduced anole abundance. The results of this study provide supporting evidence of the positive impact of generalist predators on the control of crop pests in agricultural landscapes, and the role of diversified agroecosystems in sustaining both functionally diverse communities and crop production in tropical agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Monagan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Museum of Zoology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Jonathan R Morris
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Alison R Davis Rabosky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Museum of Zoology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Ivette Perfecto
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - John Vandermeer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
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36
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Narwani A, Lashaway AR, Hietala DC, Savage PE, Cardinale BJ. Power of Plankton: Effects of Algal Biodiversity on Biocrude Production and Stability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:13142-13150. [PMID: 27934263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Algae-derived biocrude oil is a possible renewable energy alternative to fossil fuel based crude oil. Outdoor cultivation in raceway ponds is estimated to provide a better return on energy invested than closed photobioreactor systems. However, in these open systems, algal crops are subjected to environmental variation in temperature and irradiance, as well as biotic invasions which can cause costly crop instabilities. In this paper, we used an experimental approach to investigate the ability of species richness to maximize and stabilize biocrude production in the face of weekly temperature fluctuations between 17 and 27 °C, relative to a constant-temperature control. We hypothesized that species richness would lead to higher mean biocrude production and greater stability of biocrude production over time in the variable temperature environment. Counter to our hypothesis, species richness tended to cause a decline in mean biocrude production, regardless of environmental temperature variation. However, biodiversity did have stabilizing effects on biocrude production over time in the variable temperature environment and not in the constant temperature environment. Altogether, our results suggest that when the most productive and stable monoculture is unknown, inoculating raceway ponds with a diverse mixture of algae will tend to ensure stable harvests over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Narwani
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology) , BU-G11 Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Aubrey R Lashaway
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan , 1556 Dana Building, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1041, United States
| | - David C Hietala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , 3074 H.H. Dow Building, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Phillip E Savage
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , 3074 H.H. Dow Building, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , 160 Fenske Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bradley J Cardinale
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan , 1556 Dana Building, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1041, United States
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37
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Baert JM, De Laender F, Sabbe K, Janssen CR. Biodiversity increases functional and compositional resistance, but decreases resilience in phytoplankton communities. Ecology 2016; 97:3433-3440. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Baert
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Applied Ecology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology; University of Namur; Rue de Bruxelles 61 Namur 5000 Belgium
| | - Koen Sabbe
- Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S8 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Colin R. Janssen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Applied Ecology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent 9000 Belgium
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38
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Baert JM, Janssen CR, Sabbe K, De Laender F. Per capita interactions and stress tolerance drive stress-induced changes in biodiversity effects on ecosystem functions. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12486. [PMID: 27534986 PMCID: PMC4992148 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress changes the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Because species interactions shape biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, changes in per capita interactions under stress (as predicted by the stress gradient hypothesis) can be an important driver of stress-induced changes in these relationships. To test this hypothesis, we measure productivity in microalgae communities along a diversity and herbicide gradient. On the basis of additive partitioning and a mechanistic community model, we demonstrate that changes in per capita interactions do not explain effects of herbicide stress on the biodiversity-productivity relationship. Instead, assuming that the per capita interactions remain unaffected by stress, causing species densities to only change through differences in stress tolerance, suffices to predict the stress-induced changes in the biodiversity-productivity relationship and community composition. We discuss how our findings set the stage for developing theory on how environmental stress changes biodiversity effects on ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Baert
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Applied Ecology, Ghent University, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin R. Janssen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Applied Ecology, Ghent University, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Sabbe
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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39
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Romanuk TN, Kolasa J. Population variability is lower in diverse rock pools when the obscuring effects of local processes are removed. ECOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2004.11682855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Shanafelt DW, Dieckmann U, Jonas M, Franklin O, Loreau M, Perrings C. Biodiversity, productivity, and the spatial insurance hypothesis revisited. J Theor Biol 2015; 380:426-35. [PMID: 26100182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accelerating rates of biodiversity loss have led ecologists to explore the effects of species richness on ecosystem functioning and the flow of ecosystem services. One explanation of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning lies in the spatial insurance hypothesis, which centers on the idea that productivity and stability increase with biodiversity in a temporally varying, spatially heterogeneous environment. However, there has been little work on the impact of dispersal where environmental risks are more or less spatially correlated, or where dispersal rates are variable. In this paper, we extend the original Loreau model to consider stochastic temporal variation in resource availability, which we refer to as "environmental risk", and heterogeneity in species dispersal rates. We find that asynchronies across communities and species provide community-level stabilizing effects on productivity, despite varying levels of species richness. Although intermediate dispersal rates play a role in mitigating risk, they are less effective in insuring productivity against global (metacommunity-level) than local (individual community-level) risks. These results are particularly interesting given the emergence of global sources of risk such as climate change or the closer integration of world markets. Our results offer deeper insights into the Loreau model and new perspectives on the effectiveness of spatial insurance in the face of environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Shanafelt
- Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874601, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Michel Loreau
- Station d׳Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France.
| | - Charles Perrings
- Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874601, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Mello NAST, Maia-Barbosa PM. Cyanobacteria bloom: selective filter for zooplankton? BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:165-74. [PMID: 25945634 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ibirité reservoir is an urban and eutrophic environment, with regular occurrences of cyanobacteria blooms. The reservoir is warm monomict and remains stratified most of the year, circulating in the dry season (winter). During the hydrological cycle of October/07 to October/08 there were four scenarios with different environmental conditions, which influenced the structure of the zooplankton community, as confirmed in a previous study. Changes in the zooplankton community structure between the scenarios were studied, aiming at analyzing the stability and persistence of this community. The Spearman's coefficient of correlation was used to measure the stability; the persistence was evaluated through a cluster analysis and changes in community composition were estimated by the "temporal" β diversity index. Considering the distribution patterns of abundance, the community was stable only in the transition between scenarios 1 and 2 (n = 30, r = 0.71, p = 0.00001), when there were no cyanobacteria blooms. The persistence of zooplankton between the scenarios was low, showing a distinct species composition for each scenario. The highest variations in species composition, observed by the values of temporal β diversity index, were the transitions between scenarios 3-0 (1.45) and 0-1 (1.05), and the lowest variations occurred in the transition between scenarios 1-2 (0.57). The results suggest that the cyanobacteria blooms at Ibirité reservoir are be acting as "selective filters", and are, thus, disturbances with sufficient ability to change the structure of the zooplankton community.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A S T Mello
- General Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - P M Maia-Barbosa
- General Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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42
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Interactions between abiotic constraint, propagule pressure, and biotic resistance regulate plant invasion. Oecologia 2014; 178:285-96. [PMID: 25543850 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With multiple species introductions and rapid global changes, there is a need for comprehensive invasion models that can predict community responses. Evidence suggests that abiotic constraint, propagule pressure, and biotic resistance of resident species each determine plant invasion success, yet their interactions are rarely tested. To understand these interactions, we conducted community assembly experiments simulating situations in which seeds of the invasive grass species Phragmites australis (Poaceae) land on bare soil along with seeds of resident wetland plant species. We used structural equation models to measure both direct abiotic constraint (here moist vs. flooded conditions) on invasion success and indirect constraint on the abundance and, therefore, biotic resistance of resident plant species. We also evaluated how propagule supply of P. australis interacts with the biotic resistance of resident species during invasion. We observed that flooding always directly reduced invasion success but had a synergistic or antagonistic effect on biotic resistance depending on the resident species involved. Biotic resistance of the most diverse resident species mixture remained strong even when abiotic conditions changed. Biotic resistance was also extremely effective under low propagule pressure of the invader. Moreover, the presence of a dense resident plant cover appeared to lower the threshold at which invasion success became stable even when propagule supply increased. Our study not only provides an analytical framework to quantify the effect of multiple interactions relevant to community assembly and species invasion, but it also proposes guidelines for innovative invasion management strategies based on a sound understanding of ecological processes.
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Bauer B, Vos M, Klauschies T, Gaedke U. Diversity, functional similarity, and top-down control drive synchronization and the reliability of ecosystem function. Am Nat 2014; 183:394-409. [PMID: 24561602 DOI: 10.1086/674906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The concept that diversity promotes reliability of ecosystem function depends on the pattern that community-level biomass shows lower temporal variability than species-level biomasses. However, this pattern is not universal, as it relies on compensatory or independent species dynamics. When in contrast within-trophic level synchronization occurs, variability of community biomass will approach population-level variability. Current knowledge fails to integrate how species richness, functional distance between species, and the relative importance of predation and competition combine to drive synchronization at different trophic levels. Here we clarify these mechanisms. Intense competition promotes compensatory dynamics in prey, but predators may at the same time increasingly synchronize, under increasing species richness and functional similarity. In contrast, predators and prey both show perfect synchronization under strong top-down control, which is promoted by a combination of low functional distance and high net growth potential of predators. Under such conditions, community-level biomass variability peaks, with major negative consequences for reliability of ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bauer
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modeling, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
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Gross K, Cardinale BJ, Fox JW, Gonzalez A, Loreau M, Wayne Polley H, Reich PB, van Ruijven J. Species Richness and the Temporal Stability of Biomass Production: A New Analysis of Recent Biodiversity Experiments. Am Nat 2014; 183:1-12. [DOI: 10.1086/673915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Shifts in coral-assemblage composition do not ensure persistence of reef functionality. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3486. [PMID: 24336631 PMCID: PMC3860008 DOI: 10.1038/srep03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral communities are changing rapidly worldwide through loss of coral cover and shifts in species composition. Although many reef-building corals are likely to decline, some weedy opportunistic species might increase in abundance. Here we explore whether the reshuffling of species can maintain ecosystem integrity and functioning. Using four common Caribbean reef-building coral genera we modeled rates of reef construction and complexity. We show that shifting coral assemblages result in rapid losses in coral-community calcification and reef rugosity that are independent of changes in the total abundance of reef corals. These losses are considerably higher than those recently attributed to climate change. Dominance patterns of coral assemblages seem to be the most important driver of the functioning of coral reefs and thus, the future of these ecosystems might depend not only on reductions of local and global stressors, but also on the maintenance of keystone coral species.
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47
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Cardinale BJ, Gross K, Fritschie K, Flombaum P, Fox JW, Rixen C, van Ruijven J, Reich PB, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Wilsey BJ. Biodiversity simultaneously enhances the production and stability of community biomass, but the effects are independent. Ecology 2013; 94:1697-707. [PMID: 24015514 DOI: 10.1890/12-1334.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To predict the ecological consequences of biodiversity loss, researchers have spent much time and effort quantifying how biological variation affects the magnitude and stability of ecological processes that underlie the functioning of ecosystems. Here we add to this work by looking at how biodiversity jointly impacts two aspects of ecosystem functioning at once: (1) the production of biomass at any single point in time (biomass/area or biomass/ volume), and (2) the stability of biomass production through time (the CV of changes in total community biomass through time). While it is often assumed that biodiversity simultaneously enhances both of these aspects of ecosystem functioning, the joint distribution of data describing how species richness regulates productivity and stability has yet to be quantified. Furthermore, analyses have yet to examine how diversity effects on production covary with diversity effects on stability. To overcome these two gaps, we reanalyzed the data from 34 experiments that have manipulated the richness of terrestrial plants or aquatic algae and measured how this aspect of biodiversity affects community biomass at multiple time points. Our reanalysis confirms that biodiversity does indeed simultaneously enhance both the production and stability of biomass in experimental systems, and this is broadly true for terrestrial and aquatic primary producers. However, the strength of diversity effects on biomass production is independent of diversity effects on temporal stability. The independence of effect sizes leads to two important conclusions. First, while it may be generally true that biodiversity enhances both productivity and stability, it is also true that the highest levels of productivity in a diverse community are not associated with the highest levels of stability. Thus, on average, diversity does not maximize the various aspects of ecosystem functioning we might wish to achieve in conservation and management. Second, knowing how biodiversity affects productivity gives no information about how diversity affects stability (or vice versa). Therefore, to predict the ecological changes that occur in ecosystems after extinction, we will need to develop separate mechanistic models for each independent aspect of ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Cardinale
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Venail PA, Alexandrou MA, Oakley TH, Cardinale BJ. Shared ancestry influences community stability by altering competitive interactions: evidence from a laboratory microcosm experiment using freshwater green algae. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20131548. [PMID: 23945692 PMCID: PMC3757983 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of biodiversity on the stability of ecological communities has been debated among biologists for more than a century. Recently summarized empirical evidence suggests that biodiversity tends to enhance the temporal stability of community-level properties such as biomass; however, the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship remain poorly understood. Here, we report the results of a microcosm study in which we used simplified systems of freshwater microalgae to explore how the phylogenetic relatedness of species influences the temporal stability of community biomass by altering the nature of their competitive interactions. We show that combinations of two species that are more evolutionarily divergent tend to have lower temporal stability of biomass. In part, this is due to negative 'selection effects' in which bicultures composed of distantly related species are more likely to contain strong competitors that achieve low biomass. In addition, bicultures of distantly related species had on average weaker competitive interactions, which reduced compensatory dynamics and decreased the stability of community biomass. Our results demonstrate that evolutionary history plays a key role in controlling the mechanisms, which give rise to diversity-stability relationships. As such, patterns of shared ancestry may help us predict the ecosystem-level consequences of biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Venail
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1041, USA.
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Can Climate Change Trigger Massive Diversity Cascades in Terrestrial Ecosystems? DIVERSITY-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/d5030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Fowler MS, Ruokolainen L. Colonization, covariance and colour: Environmental and ecological drivers of diversity–stability relationships. J Theor Biol 2013; 324:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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