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Moreno J, Gluud LL, Galsgaard ED, Hvid H, Mazzoni G, Das V. Identification of ligand and receptor interactions in CKD and MASH through the integration of single cell and spatial transcriptomics. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302853. [PMID: 38768139 PMCID: PMC11104622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are metabolic fibroinflammatory diseases. Combining single-cell (scRNAseq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) could give unprecedented molecular disease understanding at single-cell resolution. A more comprehensive analysis of the cell-specific ligand-receptor (L-R) interactions could provide pivotal information about signaling pathways in CKD and MASH. To achieve this, we created an integrative analysis framework in CKD and MASH from two available human cohorts. RESULTS The analytical framework identified L-R pairs involved in cellular crosstalk in CKD and MASH. Interactions between cell types identified using scRNAseq data were validated by checking the spatial co-presence using the ST data and the co-expression of the communicating targets. Multiple L-R protein pairs identified are known key players in CKD and MASH, while others are novel potential targets previously observed only in animal models. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of integrating different modalities of transcriptomic data for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms. The combination of single-cell resolution from scRNAseq data, combined with tissue slide investigations and visualization of cell-cell interactions obtained through ST, paves the way for the identification of future potential therapeutic targets and developing effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Moreno
- Digital Science and Innovation, Computational Biology – AI & Digital Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maløv, Denmark
| | - Lise Lotte Gluud
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Dept of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henning Hvid
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maløv, Denmark
| | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Digital Science and Innovation, Computational Biology – AI & Digital Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maløv, Denmark
| | - Vivek Das
- Digital Science and Innovation, Computational Biology – AI & Digital Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maløv, Denmark
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2
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Finkelstein O, Levakov G, Kaplan A, Zelicha H, Meir AY, Rinott E, Tsaban G, Witte AV, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Shelef I, Shai I, Riklin Raviv T, Avidan G. Deep learning-based BMI inference from structural brain MRI reflects brain alterations following lifestyle intervention. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26595. [PMID: 38375968 PMCID: PMC10878010 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with negative effects on the brain. We exploit Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to explore whether differences in clinical measurements following lifestyle interventions in overweight population could be reflected in brain morphology. In the DIRECT-PLUS clinical trial, participants with criterion for metabolic syndrome underwent an 18-month lifestyle intervention. Structural brain MRIs were acquired before and after the intervention. We utilized an ensemble learning framework to predict Body-Mass Index (BMI) scores, which correspond to adiposity-related clinical measurements from brain MRIs. We revealed that patient-specific reduction in BMI predictions was associated with actual weight loss and was significantly higher in active diet groups compared to a control group. Moreover, explainable AI (XAI) maps highlighted brain regions contributing to BMI predictions that were distinct from regions associated with age prediction. Our DIRECT-PLUS analysis results imply that predicted BMI and its reduction are unique neural biomarkers for obesity-related brain modifications and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofek Finkelstein
- Department of Cognitive and Brain SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Gidon Levakov
- Department of Cognitive and Brain SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Alon Kaplan
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HashomerRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Hila Zelicha
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Ehud Rinott
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Gal Tsaban
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- Soroka University Medical CenterBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Anja Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck‐Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and Cognitive NeurologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | | | | | - Ilan Shelef
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- Soroka University Medical CenterBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Iris Shai
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tammy Riklin Raviv
- The School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Galia Avidan
- Department of PsychologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
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3
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Jang H, Han N, Staatz CE, Kwak JH, Baek IH. Effect on lipid profile and clinical outcomes of obeticholic acid for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102227. [PMID: 37884091 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Obeticholic acid (OCA) is the second-line therapy for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), as well as an attractive candidate as a treatment for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of OCA on lipid profiles and clinical outcomes in patients with PBC and MASH. A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from five major databases were conducted. Changes in lipid profiles from baseline were compared between groups receiving placebo and OCA. Efficacy outcomes were evaluated separately for PBC and MASH trials, while safety outcomes included pruritus, gastrointestinal disturbances, and headache. OCA treatment exhibited a significant increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.39; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.15 to 0.63) and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD = -0.80; 95 % CI = -1.13 to -0.47) in both PBC and MASH patients compared to placebo. OCA demonstrated superior efficacy to placebo in treating PBC and MASH, evident in both primary and secondary outcomes. The incidence of pruritus was significantly higher with OCA compared to placebo (risk ratio = 1.78, 95 % CI = 1.42 to 2.25). OCA is more efficacious than a placebo in the treatment of PBC and MASH. However, caution is needed given the association of OCA use with a significant increase in LDL-C levels and a decrease in HDL-C levels among patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejung Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, 309, Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Christine E Staatz
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 194-21, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, 309, Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Sharaiha RZ, Shikora S, White KP, Macedo G, Toouli J, Kow L. Summarizing Consensus Guidelines on Obesity Management: A Joint, Multidisciplinary Venture of the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity & Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) and World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO). J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:967-976. [PMID: 37831466 PMCID: PMC10566600 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Z. Sharaiha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Scott Shikora
- Center for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin P. White
- ScienceRight International Health Research Consulting (SRIHRC), London, ON, Canada
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jim Toouli
- Department of Surgery, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lillian Kow
- Department of Surgery, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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5
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Hagarty-Waite KA, Totten MS, Pierce M, Armah SM, Erikson KM. Influence of Sex and Strain on Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Trace Element Concentrations and Gene Expression in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J High Fat Diet Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213778. [PMID: 36430257 PMCID: PMC9697485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of sex and strain on the dysregulation of trace element concentration and associative gene expression due to diet induced obesity in adipose tissue and the liver. Male and female C57BL/6J (B6J) and DBA/2J (D2J) were randomly assigned to a normal-fat diet (NFD) containing 10% kcal fat/g or a mineral-matched high-fat diet (HFD) containing 60% kcal fat/g for 16 weeks. Liver and adipose tissue were assessed for copper, iron, manganese, and zinc concentrations and related changes in gene expression. Notable findings include three-way interactions of diet, sex, and strain amongst adipose tissue iron concentrations (p = 0.005), adipose hepcidin expression (p = 0.007), and hepatic iron regulatory protein (IRP) expression (p = 0.012). Cd11c to Cd163 ratio was increased in adipose tissue due to HFD amongst all biological groups except B6J females, for which tissue iron concentrations were reduced due to HFD (p = 0.002). Liver divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT-1) expression was increased due to HFD amongst B6J males (p < 0.005) and females (p < 0.004), which coincides with the reduction in hepatic iron concentrations found in these biological groups (p < 0.001). Sex, strain, and diet affected trace element concentration, the expression of genes that regulate trace element homeostasis, and the expression of macrophages that contribute to tissue iron-handling in adipose tissue. These findings suggest that sex and strain may be key factors that influence the adaptive capacity of iron mismanagement in adipose tissue and its subsequent consequences, such as insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa S. Totten
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Salem College, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Matthew Pierce
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Seth M. Armah
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Keith M. Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Bardi E, Mulder RL, van Dalen EC, Bhatt NS, Ruble KA, Burgis J, Castellino SM, Constine LS, den Hoed CM, Green DM, Koot BGP, Levitt G, Szonyi L, Wallace WH, Skinner R, Hudson MM, Kremer LCM, Effinger KE, Bresters D. Late hepatic toxicity surveillance for survivors of childhood, adolescent and young adult cancer: Recommendations from the international late effects of childhood cancer guideline harmonization group. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 100:102296. [PMID: 34571378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of childhood, adolescent and young adult (CAYA) cancer may develop treatment-induced chronic liver disease. Surveillance guidelines can improve survivors' health outcomes. However, current recommendations vary, leading to uncertainty about optimal screening. The International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group has developed recommendations for the surveillance of late hepatotoxicity after CAYA cancer. METHODS Evidence-based methods based on the GRADE framework were used in guideline development. A multidisciplinary guideline panel performed systematic literature reviews, developed evidence summaries, appraised the evidence, and formulated recommendations on the basis of evidence, clinical judgement, and consideration of benefits versus the harms of the surveillance while allowing for flexibility in implementation across different health care systems. RESULTS The guideline strongly recommends a physical examination and measurement of serum liver enzyme concentrations (ALT, AST, gGT, ALP) once at entry into long-term follow-up for survivors treated with radiotherapy potentially exposing the liver (moderate- to high-quality evidence). For survivors treated with busulfan, thioguanine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, dactinomycin, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), or hepatic surgery, or with a history of chronic viral hepatitis or sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, similar surveillance for late hepatotoxicity once at entry into LTFU is reasonable (low-quality evidence/expert opinion, moderate recommendation). For survivors who have undergone HSCT and/or received multiple red blood cell transfusions, surveillance for iron overload with serum ferritin is strongly recommended once at long-term follow-up entry. CONCLUSIONS These evidence-based, internationally-harmonized recommendations for the surveillance of late hepatic toxicity in cancer survivors can inform clinical care and guide future research of health outcomes for CAYA cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Bardi
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria.
| | - Renée L Mulder
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Neel S Bhatt
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathy A Ruble
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Burgis
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharon M Castellino
- Department of Pediatrics at Emory University School of Medicine, and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Louis S Constine
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Caroline M den Hoed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel M Green
- Departments of Oncology and Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bart G P Koot
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gill Levitt
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - László Szonyi
- Semmelweis University, I. Pediatric Department, Budapest, Hungary
| | - W Hamish Wallace
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Roderick Skinner
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology/Oncology, Great North Children's Hospital and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Departments of Oncology and Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Karen E Effinger
- Department of Pediatrics at Emory University School of Medicine, and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dorine Bresters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
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7
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Dagher-Hamalian C, Stephan J, Zeeni N, Harhous Z, Shebaby WN, Abdallah MS, Faour WH. Ghrelin-induced multi-organ damage in mice fed obesogenic diet. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:1019-1026. [PMID: 32719925 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Ghrelin has a key role in modulating energy metabolism and weight gain. The present study aimed at studying the potential role of ghrelin in the development and/or exacerbation of organ damage in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Adult mice were fed one of two diets for 20 weeks: standard high carbohydrate (HC) or high-fat high-sugar (HFHS). Starting week 17, the animals were given regular intraperitoneal ghrelin (160 µg/kg) or saline injections Abdominal fat, serum creatinine, and glucose levels, as well as kidney, liver and heart weight and pathology were assessed. RESULTS Ghrelin-injected mice showed significant organ damage, which was more exacerbated in HFHS-fed animals. While the HFHS diet was associated with significant liver damage, ghrelin administration did not reverse it. Interestingly, ghrelin administration induced moderate kidney damage and significantly affected the heart by increasing perivascular and myocardium fibrosis, steatosis as well as inflammation. Moreover, serum creatinine levels were higher in the animal group injected with ghrelin. CONCLUSION Ghrelin administration was associated with increased functional and structural organ damage, regardless of diet. The present study provides novel evidence of multi-organ physiologic alterations secondary to ghrelin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Dagher-Hamalian
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Stephan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Zeeni
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Harhous
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Wassim N Shebaby
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Maya S Abdallah
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Wissam H Faour
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
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8
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Franco ME, Fernandez-Luna MT, Ramirez AJ, Lavado R. Metabolomic-based assessment reveals dysregulation of lipid profiles in human liver cells exposed to environmental obesogens. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115009. [PMID: 32353385 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Significant attention has been given to the potential of environmental chemicals to disrupt lipid homeostasis at the cellular level. These chemicals, classified as obesogens, are abundantly used in a wide variety of consumer products. However, there is a significant lack of information regarding the mechanisms by which environmental exposure can contribute to the onset of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several studies have described the interaction of potential obesogens with lipid-related peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). However, no studies have quantified the degree of modification to lipidomic profiles in relevant human models, making it difficult to directly link PPAR agonists to the onset of lipid-related diseases. A quantitative metabolomic approach was used to examine the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in human liver cells upon exposure to potential obesogenic compounds. The chemicals rosiglitazone, perfluorooctanoic acid, di-2-ethylexylphthalate, and tributyltin significantly increased total lipids in liver cells, being diglycerides, triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines the most prominent. Contrarily, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and the pharmaceutical fenofibrate appeared to lower total lipid concentrations, especially those belonging to the acylcarnitine, ceramide, triglyceride, and phosphatidylcholine groups. Fluorescence microscopy analysis for cellular neutral lipids revealed significant lipid bioaccumulation upon exposure to obesogens at environmentally relevant concentrations. This integrated omics analysis provides unique mechanistic insight into the potential of these environmental pollutants to promote diseases like obesity and NAFLD. Furthermore, this study provides a significant contribution to advance the understanding of molecular signatures related to obesogenic chemicals and to the development of alternatives to in vivo experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E Franco
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | | | - Alejandro J Ramirez
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America.
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9
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Dumas K, Ayachi C, Gilleron J, Lacas‐Gervais S, Pastor F, Favier FB, Peraldi P, Vaillant N, Yvan‐Charvet L, Bonnafous S, Patouraux S, Anty R, Tran A, Gual P, Cormont M, Tanti J, Giorgetti‐Peraldi S. REDD1 deficiency protects against nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis induced by high‐fat diet. FASEB J 2020; 34:5046-5060. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901799rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dumas
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity” France
| | - Chaima Ayachi
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity” France
| | - Jerome Gilleron
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity” France
| | | | - Faustine Pastor
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity” France
| | | | - Pascal Peraldi
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Team “Stem Cells and Differentiation” France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Haematometabolism in Diseases” France
| | - Laurent Yvan‐Charvet
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Haematometabolism in Diseases” France
| | - Stéphanie Bonnafous
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Steatosis and Alcohol” France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M,Team “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Steatosis and Alcohol” France
| | - Stéphanie Patouraux
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Steatosis and Alcohol” France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M,Team “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Steatosis and Alcohol” France
| | - Rodolphe Anty
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Steatosis and Alcohol” France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M,Team “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Steatosis and Alcohol” France
| | - Albert Tran
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Steatosis and Alcohol” France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M,Team “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Steatosis and Alcohol” France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Steatosis and Alcohol” France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity” France
| | - Jean‐François Tanti
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity” France
| | - Sophie Giorgetti‐Peraldi
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity” France
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10
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Mulder RL, Bresters D, Van den Hof M, Koot BGP, Castellino SM, Loke YKK, Post PN, Postma A, Szőnyi LP, Levitt GA, Bardi E, Skinner R, van Dalen EC. Hepatic late adverse effects after antineoplastic treatment for childhood cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 4:CD008205. [PMID: 30985922 PMCID: PMC6463806 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008205.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival rates have greatly improved as a result of more effective treatments for childhood cancer. Unfortunately, the improved prognosis has been accompanied by the occurrence of late, treatment-related complications. Liver complications are common during and soon after treatment for childhood cancer. However, among long-term childhood cancer survivors, the risk of hepatic late adverse effects is largely unknown. To make informed decisions about future cancer treatment and follow-up policies, it is important to know the risk of, and associated risk factors for, hepatic late adverse effects. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. OBJECTIVES To evaluate all the existing evidence on the association between antineoplastic treatment (that is, chemotherapy, radiotherapy involving the liver, surgery involving the liver and BMT) for childhood cancer and hepatic late adverse effects. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2018, Issue 1), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2018) and Embase (1980 to January 2018). In addition, we searched reference lists of relevant articles and scanned the conference proceedings of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) (from 2005 to 2017) and American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (ASPHO) (from 2013 to 2018) electronically. SELECTION CRITERIA All studies, except case reports, case series, and studies including fewer than 10 patients that examined the association between antineoplastic treatment for childhood cancer (aged 18 years or less at diagnosis) and hepatic late adverse effects (one year or more after the end of treatment). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently performed the study selection and 'risk of bias' assessment. The 'risk of bias' assessment was based on earlier checklists for observational studies. For the original version of the review, two review authors independently performed data extraction. For the update of the review, the data extraction was performed by one reviewer and checked by another reviewer. MAIN RESULTS Thirteen new studies were identified for the update of this review. In total, we included 33 cohort studies including 7876 participants investigating hepatic late adverse effects after antineoplastic treatment (especially chemotherapy and radiotherapy) for different types of childhood cancer, both haematological and solid malignancies. All studies had methodological limitations. The prevalence of hepatic late adverse effects, all defined in a biochemical way, varied widely, between 0% and 84.2%. Selecting studies where the outcome of hepatic late adverse effects was well-defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) above the upper limit of normal, indicating cellular liver injury, resulted in eight studies. In this subgroup, the prevalence of hepatic late adverse effects ranged from 5.8% to 52.8%, with median follow-up durations varying from three to 23 years since cancer diagnosis in studies that reported the median follow-up duration. A more stringent selection process using the outcome definition of ALT as above twice the upper limit of normal, resulted in five studies, with a prevalence ranging from 0.9% to 44.8%. One study investigated biliary tract injury, defined as gamma-glutamyltransferase (γGT) above the upper limit of normal and above twice the upper limit of normal and reported a prevalence of 5.3% and 0.9%, respectively. Three studies investigated disturbance in biliary function, defined as bilirubin above the upper limit of normal and reported prevalences ranging from 0% to 8.7%. Two studies showed that treatment with radiotherapy involving the liver (especially after a high percentage of the liver irradiated), higher BMI, and longer follow-up time or older age at evaluation increased the risk of cellular liver injury in multivariable analyses. In addition, there was some suggestion that busulfan, thioguanine, hepatic surgery, chronic viral hepatitis C, metabolic syndrome, use of statins, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, and higher alcohol intake (> 14 units per week) increase the risk of cellular liver injury in multivariable analyses. Chronic viral hepatitis was shown to increase the risk of cellular liver injury in six univariable analyses as well. Moreover, one study showed that treatment with radiotherapy involving the liver, higher BMI, higher alcohol intake (> 14 units per week), longer follow-up time, and older age at cancer diagnosis increased the risk of biliary tract injury in a multivariable analysis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hepatic late adverse effects among studies with an adequate outcome definition varied considerably from 1% to 53%. Evidence suggests that radiotherapy involving the liver, higher BMI, chronic viral hepatitis and longer follow-up time or older age at follow-up increase the risk of hepatic late adverse effects. In addition, there may be a suggestion that busulfan, thioguanine, hepatic surgery, higher alcohol intake (>14 units per week), metabolic syndrome, use of statins, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, and older age at cancer diagnosis increase the risk of hepatic late adverse effects. High-quality studies are needed to evaluate the effects of different therapy doses, time trends, and associated risk factors after antineoplastic treatment for childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée L Mulder
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyHeidelberglaan 25UtrechtNetherlands3584 CS
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Paediatric OncologyP.O. Box 22660AmsterdamNetherlands1100 DD
| | - Dorine Bresters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyHeidelberglaan 25UtrechtNetherlands3584 CS
- Leiden University Medical CenterWillem Alexander Children's HospitalPO Box 9600LeidenNetherlands2300 RC
| | - Malon Van den Hof
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Paediatric OncologyP.O. Box 22660AmsterdamNetherlands1100 DD
| | - Bart GP Koot
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Paediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionP.O. Box 22660AmsterdamNetherlands1100 DD
| | - Sharon M Castellino
- Emory School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Division Hematology/OncologyAtlanta, GAUSA
| | | | - Piet N Post
- Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement CBOPO Box 20064UtrechtNetherlands3502 LB
| | - Aleida Postma
- University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's HospitalDepartment of Paediatric OncologyPostbus 30.000GroningenNetherlands9700 RB
| | - László P Szőnyi
- King Feisal Specialist HospitalOrgan Transplant CentreRiyadhSaudi Arabia11211
| | - Gill A Levitt
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustOncologyGt Ormond StLondonUK
| | - Edit Bardi
- Kepler UniversitätsklinikumMed Campus IV26‐30 KrankenhausstraßeLinzAustria4020
| | - Roderick Skinner
- Great North Children’s HospitalDepartment of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology / OncologyQueen Victoria RoadNewcastle upon TyneUKNE1 4LP
| | - Elvira C van Dalen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyHeidelberglaan 25UtrechtNetherlands3584 CS
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Paediatric OncologyP.O. Box 22660AmsterdamNetherlands1100 DD
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11
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Newfield RS, Graves CL, Newbury RO, Schwimmer JB, Proudfoot JA, Say DS, Feldstein AE. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in pediatric type 2 diabetes: Metabolic and histologic characteristics in 38 subjects. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:41-47. [PMID: 30467936 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In children with T2D and liver biopsies, we investigated correlations between NAFLD/NASH and transaminase activity, A1c, lipids, and histologic changes in repeat biopsies. METHODS Liver histology of children with T2D was evaluated using the NASH CRN scoring system and NAFLD Activity Score (NAS). We included results ≤6 months from biopsy and A1c nearest biopsy. RESULTS Thirty-eight subjects (21 females, 17 males, 63.2% Hispanic, 15.8% Caucasian) had T2D diagnosed at 13.4 ± 2.7 years, 78.9% using metformin and 50% on insulin. Histological diagnosis of NAFLD occurred at mean age 14.3 ± 2.3 years, notable for NASH in 61%. Steatosis grade was higher in children with NASH than those without (mean 2.6 ± 0.7 vs 2.1 ± 0.5 (P < 0.001). Stage 3 fibrosis was noted only in subjects with NASH (26%). ALT was higher in NASH vs those without (112 ± 56 vs 85 ± 112, P = 0.016). NAS correlated with A1c (r = 0.51, P < 0.01) and triglycerides (r = 0.5, P < 0.01), and inversely with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r = -0.42, P = 0.04). Males had lower HDL and higher triglycerides (P < 0.04). In eight subjects with repeat biopsies, NAS was equal (37.5%) or improved (62.5%), and steatosis decreased (68.1% to 32.8%, P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS In children with T2D and NAFLD, NASH is common. Having advanced fibrosis in 26% of NASH cases at this age is concerning. Better control of lipids, weight, and diabetes may help avoid worsening in NAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron S Newfield
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Carrie L Graves
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Robert O Newbury
- Pediatric Pathology, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Jeffrey B Schwimmer
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - James A Proudfoot
- Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daphne S Say
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
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12
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Scheen AJ. Beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on fatty liver in type 2 diabetes: A common comorbidity associated with severe complications. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2019; 45:213-223. [PMID: 30708071 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are exposed to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a comorbidity associated with cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, and which may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are glucose-lowering agents that improve glucose control while promoting weight loss and lowering serum uric acid levels. These agents may exert cardiovascular and renal protection in T2DM patients with established cardiovascular disease. Recent findings from both randomized controlled trials and open-label studies have also shown that SGLT2 inhibitors are able to reduce fatty liver content, as assessed by different imaging techniques, and improve biological markers of NAFLD, especially serum liver enzymes, in patients with T2DM. In addition, there are emerging data to suggest a mechanism beyond the reduction of hyperglycaemia and body weight, and a potential role for the decrease in low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress associated with SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. This positive effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on NAFLD complements their already well-known effects on cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scheen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, and Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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13
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Scheen AJ. Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors on liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes: hepatic beyond cardiovascular and renal protection? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:S68. [PMID: 30613643 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.10.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André J Scheen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
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14
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Bonnesen TG, Winther JF, Andersen KK, Asdahl PH, de Fine Licht S, Gudmundsdottir T, Sällfors Holmqvist A, Madanat-Harjuoja LM, Tryggvadottir L, Wesenberg F, Heilmann C, Olsen JH, Hasle H. Liver diseases in Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS): A population-based cohort study of 32,839 one-year survivors. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:702-708. [PMID: 29023764 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Information on late onset liver complications after childhood cancer is scarce. To ensure an appropriate follow-up of childhood cancer survivors and reducing late liver complications, the need for comprehensive and accurate information is presented. We evaluate the risk of liver diseases in a large childhood cancer survivor cohort. We included all 1-year survivors of childhood cancer treated in the five Nordic countries. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hospitalisation rate (hazard) ratios (HRs) for each liver outcome according to type of cancer. We used the risk among survivors of central nervous system tumour as internal reference. With a median follow-up time of 10 years, 659 (2%) survivors had been hospitalised at least once for a liver disease. The risk for hospitalisation for any liver disease was high after hepatic tumour (HR = 6.9) and leukaemia (HR = 1.7). The Danish sub-cohort of leukaemia treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation had a substantially higher risk for hospitalisation for all liver diseases combined (HR = 3.8). Viral hepatitis accounted for 286 of 659 hospitalisations corresponding to 43% of all survivors hospitalised for liver disease. The 20-year cumulative risk of viral hepatitis was 1.8% for survivors diagnosed with cancer before 1990 but only 0.3% for those diagnosed after 1990. The risk of liver disease was low but significantly increased among survivors of hepatic tumours and leukaemia. Further studies with focus on the different treatment modalities are needed to further strengthen the prevention of treatment-induced late liver complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Gade Bonnesen
- Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Jeanette F Winther
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Klaus K Andersen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Peter H Asdahl
- Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Sofie de Fine Licht
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Anna Sällfors Holmqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura-Maria Madanat-Harjuoja
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Pieni Roobertinkatu 9, Helsinki, 00130, Finland.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Faculty of Medicine, Laeknagardur, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Skogarhlid 9, PO Box 5420, Reykjavik, 125, Iceland
| | - Finn Wesenberg
- Cancer Registry of Norway, P.O. Box 5313, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo.,Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, P.O box 1078, Blindern, 0316, Oslo
| | - Carsten Heilmann
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Jørgen H Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
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15
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Nass KJ, van den Berg EH, Faber KN, Schreuder TCMA, Blokzijl H, Dullaart RPF. High prevalence of apolipoprotein B dyslipoproteinemias in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The lifelines cohort study. Metabolism 2017. [PMID: 28641782 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major adverse consequence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The association of NAFLD with various apolipoprotein B (apoB) dyslipoproteinemias is unclear. We determined the prevalence of specific apoB dyslipoproteinemias in subjects with suspected NAFLD. METHODS This study was conducted among 22,865 fasting adults living in the northern part of the Netherlands (Lifelines Cohort Study). Six apoB dyslipoproteinemias were defined using an algorithm derived from apoB, total cholesterol and triglycerides. NAFLD was defined as Fatty Liver Index (FLI) ≥60. Advanced hepatic fibrosis was defined as NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) ≥0.676. RESULTS 4790 participants (20.9%) had an FLI≥60. NAFLD subjects were older, more likely to be men, more obese and more often had diabetes and metabolic syndrome (P<0.001 for each). Among NAFLD subjects, any apoB dyslipoproteinemia was present in 61.5% vs. 16.5% in subjects without NAFLD (P<0.001). Elevated chylomicrons were not observed in NAFLD. In univariate analysis, NAFLD was associated with a higher prevalence of each apoB dyslipoproteinemia vs. subjects with an FLI<60 (P<0.001), except for low density lipoprotein (LDL) dyslipoproteinemia. Additionally, each apoB dyslipoproteinemia was independently associated with NAFLD in age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis, including the apoB dyslipoproteinemias together (P<0.001). The prevalence of apoB dyslipoproteinemias was not altered in subjects with NFS ≥0.676. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD rather than advanced hepatic fibrosis is independently associated with increased prevalence of chylomicrons+very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) remnants, VLDL, LDL and VLDL+LDL dyslipoproteinemias. ApoB dyslipoproteinemias may contribute to increased CVD risk associated with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn J Nass
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline H van den Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim C M A Schreuder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Parallel Profiles of Inflammatory and Effector Memory T Cells in Visceral Fat and Liver of Obesity-Associated Cancer Patients. Inflammation 2017; 39:1729-36. [PMID: 27423204 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the midst of a worsening obesity epidemic, the incidence of obesity-associated morbidities, including cancer, diabetes, cardiac and liver disease is increasing. Insights into mechanisms underlying pathological obesity-associated inflammation are lacking. Both the omentum, the principal component of visceral fat, and liver of obese individuals are sites of excessive inflammation, but to date the T cell profiles of both compartments have not been assessed or compared in a patient cohort with obesity-associated disease. We have previously identified that omentum is enriched with inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and T cells. Here, we compared the inflammatory profile of T cells in the omentum and liver of patients with the obesity-associated malignancy oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Furthermore, we assessed the secreted cytokine profile in OAC patient serum, omentum and liver to assess systemic and local inflammation. We observed parallel T cell cytokine profiles and phenotypes in the omentum and liver of OAC patients, in particular CD69(+) and inflammatory effector memory T cells. This study reflects similar processes of inflammation and T cell activation in the omentum and liver, and may suggest common targets to modulate pathological inflammation at these sites.
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17
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Faucher P, Poitou C. [Physiopathology, causes and complications of obesity]. SOINS; LA REVUE DE REFERENCE INFIRMIERE 2016; 61:20-25. [PMID: 27978968 DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease associated with respiratory, mechanical, cardiovascular, metabolic as well as psychological and social comorbidities. It has become increasingly prevalent over the last thirty years. The causes are multiple and interwoven, related to diet, sedentary lifestyles, psychological factors, genetics, the socio-economic context and biological factors. Management strategies must be adapted to the clinical situations and treatment must be individualised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Faucher
- Service de nutrition,; Institut de cardiométabolisme et nutrition (Ican),.
| | - Christine Poitou
- Service de nutrition,; Institut de cardiométabolisme et nutrition (Ican),; Sorbonne Universités, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR S 1166, Nutriomics
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18
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Wang B, Li L, Fu J, Yu P, Gong D, Zeng C, Zeng Z. Effects of Long-Chain and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Liver Cells with Steatosis. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H794-800. [PMID: 26799523 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with obesity-related metabolic complications, which caused by excess energy intake and physical inactivity apart from genetic defects. The mechanisms that promote disease progression from NAFLD to further liver injury are still unclear. We hypothesize that the progression involved "2nd hit" is strongly influenced by the type of fatty acids in diets. Flow cytometric analysis showed that medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) markedly decreased the percentage of late apoptotic and necrotic cells compared with long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), and MCFA inhibited the activities of caspase-3 and -9 in human liver cells with steatosis. Western blot analysis found that the levels of inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1-β, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were substantially reduced by MCFA compared with LCFA. Proteomic analysis further showed that LCFA inhibited the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and increased the expression of proteins associated with oxidative stress. It was found that LCFA (palmitate), not MCFA induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory responses in the hepatic cells with steatosis. In conclusion, reasonable selection of dietary fats has potential to translate therapeutically by ameliorating disease progression in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Lumin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Jing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Deming Gong
- School of Biological Sciences, The Univ. of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cheng Zeng
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zheling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330047, China.,School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330031, China
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19
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have established an association between obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and a number of cancer types. Research has focused predominantly on altered endocrine factors, growth factors and signalling pathways, with little known in man about the immune involvement in the relevant pathophysiological processes. Moreover, in an era of exciting new breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, there is also a need to study the safety and efficacy of immunotherapeutics in the complex setting of inflammatory-driven obesity-associated cancer. This review addresses key immune cell subsets underpinning obesity-associated inflammation and describes how such immune compartments might be targeted to prevent and treat obesity-associated cancer. We propose that the modulation, metabolism, migration and abundance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cells and tumour-specific T cells might be therapeutically altered to both restore immune balance, alleviating pathological inflammation, and to improve anti-tumour immune responses in obesity-associated cancer.
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20
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Development of nonalcoholic hepatopathy: contributions of oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19846-66. [PMID: 24084729 PMCID: PMC3821590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141019846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are generated spontaneously in cells; however, under conditions of hyperglycemia and lipid peroxidation, their levels are higher than usual, which contribute to the development of diseases such as the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is associated with oxidative stress (OS), which is linked to the transition of steatosis to steatohepatitis due to lipid peroxidation. The AGE-receptor interaction in hepatic stellate cells leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species and enhances the proliferation and activation of these cells, worsening liver fibrosis and disease progression. In this vicious cycle, there is production of (carboxymethyl)lysine, a biomarker for products of advanced glycation and lipid peroxidation, being a shared component between the two pathways. In this review, we aim to compile evidence to support the basic molecular mechanisms of AGEs and OS generation and their influence, independently or combined, on the evolution of NAFLD. The deeper understanding of the interrelations of AGEs + OS may help to elucidate the pathogenic pathways of NAFLD and to devise rational therapeutic interventions for this disease, with an expected positive impact on quality of life of patients.
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Welch-White V, Dawkins N, Graham T, Pace R. The impact of high fat diets on physiological changes in euthyroid and thyroid altered rats. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:100. [PMID: 23849139 PMCID: PMC3733864 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of adverse health with high fat intake has long been recognized. However, the lack of research focusing on the interrelationship of thyroid and liver function, and the pathogenesis of a high fat diet leaves these topics poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the physiological changes in euthyroid and thyroid altered animal model fed saturated and unsaturated high fat diets. To achieve this objective adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 100) were fed one of five diets; a control or one of four test diets containing 25% saturated or unsaturated, and 37% saturated or unsaturated fats for a period of eight weeks. Each experimental group consisted of ten euthyroid and ten thyroid altered animals. An altered thyroid state was chemically induced with the addition of 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) in the drinking water. Euthyroid animals fed high fat diets increased in body weights and body lengths, compared to thyroid altered animals (P < 0.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and asparte aminotransferase (AST) levels increased across all experimental groups. HbA1C values and urinary glucose values were within normal range for all animals. Liver morphology showed increased hepatic stellate (ito) and vacuole cells in thyroid altered animals. These findings suggest that altered thyroid status negatively impacts growth and weight gain, and simultaneously affected lipid metabolism, resulting in abnormal liver morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Welch-White
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, 204 Campbell Hall, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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22
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Tarantino G, Finelli C. What about non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a new criterion to define metabolic syndrome? World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3375-3384. [PMID: 23801829 PMCID: PMC3683675 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i22.3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently not a component of the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the development of NAFLD has some common mechanisms with the development of MetS, as they share the pathophysiologic basis of insulin resistance. It is also recognized that NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of MetS. To define MetS, the presence of at least three of the proposed criteria is required, and sometimes it is sufficient to have only one laboratory value, modified by diet or drugs, for the classification of MetS. Ultrasonographically-detected NAFLD (US-NAFLD) is more stable, only changing during the middle- to long-term. Although controversies over MetS continue, and considering that abdominal ultrasonography for diagnosing NAFLD has high specificity and guidelines to modify the natural course of NAFLD by diet composition or lifestyle have not yet been established, why should we not introduce US-NAFLD as a new criterion to define MetS?
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Zain SM, Mohamed Z, Mahadeva S, Cheah PL, Rampal S, Chin KF, Mahfudz AS, Basu RC, Tan HL, Mohamed R. Impact of leptin receptor gene variants on risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its interaction with adiponutrin gene. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:873-9. [PMID: 23278404 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Genetic polymorphism has been implicated as a factor for the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study attempted to assess whether polymorphisms in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene and its combined effect with patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3/adiponutrin) are associated with risk of NAFLD. METHODS A total of 144 biopsy-proven NAFLD and 198 controls were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. RESULTS We observed a significant association between the LEPR rs1137100 and rs1137101 with susceptibility to NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-2.28, P = 0.003; and OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.11-2.34, P = 0.013, respectively) and to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05-2.12, P = 0.026; and OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.05-2.35, P = 0.029, respectively). The LEPR rs1137100 is also associated with simple steatosis (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.27-4.08, P = 0.006). Analysis of gene-gene interaction revealed a strong interaction between the LEPR and PNPLA3 genes (empirical P = 0.001). The joint effect of LEPR and PNPLA3 greatly exacerbated the risk of NAFLD (OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.84-7.55, P < 0.0001). The G allele of rs1137100 is associated with lower fibrosis score (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.78, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We report an association between variants of LEPR rs1137100 and rs1137101 with risk of NAFLD. This study suggests that rs1137100, specifically the G allele, is associated with a less severe form of liver disease in patients with NAFLD. The interaction between LEPR and PNPLA3 genes showed increased risk of NAFLD compared to either gene alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Karmakar S, Das D, Maiti A, Majumdar S, Mukherjee P, Das AS, Mitra C. Black tea prevents high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Phytother Res 2012; 25:1073-81. [PMID: 21452373 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemoprotective actions of aqueous black tea extract (BTE) against high-fat diet (HFD) (60%)-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were examined in Wistar rats of both sexes. The results indicated that the HFD rats had higher concentrations of serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and bilirubin than the corresponding control rats. The enzymes serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, which are indicators of liver function, also exhibited higher levels of activity in HFD rats. BTE extract supplementation was found to correct such steatohepatitis-linked biochemical changes. HFD-induced steatohepatitis was associated with substantial pro-oxidant conditions in rat liver, as evidenced by the higher content of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide production and glutathione depletion, with a concomitant decrease in liver antioxidant status caused by reducing superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. In addition, rats with steatohepatitis showed a significantly higher expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation. BTE reversed the changes in the pro-oxidant and antioxidant status of the liver, and protected against apoptotic, cytogenetic and hepatocellular damage. In summary, these data suggest that nutritional support with antioxidants may be useful in preventing oxidative damage and the progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Karmakar
- Department of Physiology, Presidency College, Kolkata 700073, India
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Saltzman E, Anderson W, Apovian CM, Boulton H, Chamberlain A, Cullum-Dugan D, Cummings S, Hatchigian E, Hodges B, Keroack CR, Pettus M, Thomason P, Veglia L, Young LS. Criteria for Patient Selection and Multidisciplinary Evaluation and Treatment of the Weight Loss Surgery Patient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:234-43. [PMID: 15800279 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide evidence-based guidelines for patient selection and to recommend the medical and nutritional aspects of multidisciplinary care required to minimize perioperative and postoperative risks in patients with severe obesity who undergo weight loss surgery (WLS). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Members of the Multidisciplinary Care Task Group conducted searches of MEDLINE and PubMed for articles related to WLS in general and medical and nutritional care in particular. Pertinent abstracts and literature were reviewed for references. Multiple searches were carried out for various aspects of multidisciplinary care published between 1980 and 2004. A total of 3000 abstracts were identified; 242 were reviewed in detail. RESULTS We recommended multidisciplinary screening of WLS patients to ensure appropriate selection; preoperative assessment for cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and other obesity-related diseases associated with increased risk for complications or mortality; preoperative weight loss and cessation of smoking; perioperative prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE); preoperative and postoperative education and counseling by a registered dietitian; and a well-defined postsurgical diet progression. DISCUSSION Obesity-related diseases are often undiagnosed before WLS, putting patients at increased risk for complications and/or early mortality. Multidisciplinary assessment and care to minimize short- and long-term risks include: comprehensive medical screening; appropriate pre-, peri-, and postoperative preparation; collaboration with multiple patient care disciplines (e.g., anesthesiology, pulmonary medicine, cardiology, and psychology); and long-term nutrition education/counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Saltzman
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Surveillance of hepatic late adverse effects in a large cohort of long-term survivors of childhood cancer: prevalence and risk factors. Eur J Cancer 2012; 49:185-93. [PMID: 22901831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are a growing group of young individuals with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of hepatic late adverse effects, defined as elevated liver enzymes, in a large cohort of CCS. METHODS The cohort consisted of all five-year CCS treated in the EKZ/AMC between 1966 and 2003, without hepatitis virus infection and history of veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Liver enzyme tests included serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) for hepatocellular injury and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γGT) for biliary tract injury. We performed multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The study population consisted of 1404 of 1795 eligible CCS, of whom 1362 performed liver enzyme tests at a median follow-up of 12 years after diagnosis. In total, 118 (8.7%) of 1362 CCS had hepatic late adverse effects defined as ALT or γGT above the upper limit of normal. Abnormal ALT and γGT levels were found in 5.8% and 5.3%, respectively. In multivariable regression analyses treatment with radiotherapy involving the liver, higher body mass index, higher alcohol intake and longer follow-up time were significantly associated with elevated ALT and γGT levels; older age at diagnosis was only significantly associated with elevated γGT levels (all p<0.05). CONCLUSION One in twelve CCS showed signs of hepatic late adverse effects after a median follow-up of 12 years. Several risk factors have been identified. Future studies should focus on the course of long-term liver related outcomes and on the influence of radiotherapy and chemotherapy dose.
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Chaves GV, de Souza DS, Pereira SE, Saboya CJ, Ferreira Peres WA. Associação entre doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica e marcadores de lesão/função hepática com componentes da síndrome metabólica em indivíduos obesos classe III. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302012000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver function/injury markers with metabolic syndrome components in class III obese individuals. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(12)70197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Cornier MA, Després JP, Davis N, Grossniklaus DA, Klein S, Lamarche B, Lopez-Jimenez F, Rao G, St-Onge MP, Towfighi A, Poirier P. Assessing Adiposity. Circulation 2011; 124:1996-2019. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e318233bc6a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Visceral abdominal and subfascial femoral adipose tissue have opposite associations with liver fat in overweight and obese premenopausal caucasian women. J Lipids 2011; 2011:154672. [PMID: 21961071 PMCID: PMC3179871 DOI: 10.1155/2011/154672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity has been associated with liver fat storage. However, the relationships between other body composition depots and metabolic syndrome features with hepatic fat are still unclear. We examined abdominal and thigh adipose tissue (AT) compartments associations with liver fat in 140 overweight and obese premenopausal Caucasian women. Blood lipids and, proinflammatory and atherothrombotic markers associations with hepatic fat were also analyzed. A larger visceral AT (VAT) was related with liver fat (P < 0.05). Contrarily, thigh subfascial AT was inversely related to liver fat (P < 0.05). Increased fasting insulin, triglycerides, PAI-1 concentrations, and a higher total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were also associated with hepatic fat, even after adjustment for VAT (P < 0.05). Thigh subfascial adiposity was inversely associated with liver fat, suggesting a potential preventive role against ectopic fat storage in overweight and obese women. These results reinforce the contribution of an abdominal obesity phenotype associated with a diabetogenic and atherothrombotic profile to liver lipotoxicity.
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Abstract
One segment of the population that is particularly inclined to liver fat accumulation is postmenopausal women. Although nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis is more common in men than in women, after menopause there is a reversal in gender distribution. At the present time, weight loss and exercise are regarded as first line treatments for NAFLD in postmenopausal women, as it is the case for the management of metabolic syndrome. In recent years, there has been substantial evidence coming mostly from the use of the animal model, that indeed estrogens withdrawal is associated with modifications of molecular markers favouring the activity of metabolic pathways ultimately leading to liver fat accumulation. In addition, the use of the animal model has provided physiological and molecular evidence that exercise training provides estrogens-like protective effects on liver fat accumulation and its consequences. The purpose of the present paper is to present information relative to the development of a state of NAFLD resulting from the absence of estrogens and the role of exercise training, emphasizing on the contribution of the animal model on these issues.
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NAFLD, Estrogens, and Physical Exercise: The Animal Model. J Nutr Metab 2011; 2012:914938. [PMID: 21845221 PMCID: PMC3154523 DOI: 10.1155/2012/914938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One segment of the population that is particularly inclined to liver fat accumulation is postmenopausal women. Although nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis is more common in men than in women, after menopause there is a reversal in gender distribution. At the present time, weight loss and exercise are regarded as first line treatments for NAFLD in postmenopausal women, as it is the case for the management of metabolic syndrome. In recent years, there has been substantial evidence coming mostly from the use of the animal model, that indeed estrogens withdrawal is associated with modifications of molecular markers favouring the activity of metabolic pathways ultimately leading to liver fat accumulation. In addition, the use of the animal model has provided physiological and molecular evidence that exercise training provides estrogens-like protective effects on liver fat accumulation and its consequences. The purpose of the present paper is to present information relative to the development of a state of NAFLD resulting from the absence of estrogens and the role of exercise training, emphasizing on the contribution of the animal model on these issues.
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Karmakar S, Majumdar S, Maiti A, Choudhury M, Ghosh A, Das AS, Mitra C. Protective Role of Black Tea Extract against Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Induced Skeletal Dysfunction. J Osteoporos 2011; 2011:426863. [PMID: 21772972 PMCID: PMC3135135 DOI: 10.4061/2011/426863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. This paper aimed to examine the chemoprotective actions of aqueous black tea extract (BTE) against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis- (NASH-) induced skeletal changes in rats. Material. Wistar rats (body wt. 155-175 g) of both sexes, aged 4-5 months, were randomly assigned to 3 groups; Group A (control), Group B (60% high-fat diet; HFD), and Group C (HFD + 2.5% BTE). Methods. Several urinary (calcium, phosphate, creatinine, and calcium-to-creatinine ratio) serum (alkaline phosphatase and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase), and molecular markers of bone turnover (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and estrogen) were tested. Also, several bone parameters (bone density, bone tensile strength, bone mineral content, and bone histology) and calcium homeostasis were checked. Results. Results indicated that HFD-induced alterations in urinary, serum, and bone parameters as well as calcium homeostasis, all could be significantly ameliorated by BTE supplementation. Conclusion. Results suggest a potential role of BTE as a protective agent against NASH-induced changes in bone metabolism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Karmakar
- Pre-Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Tripura Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Hapania, Tripura 799014, India,Department of Physiology, Presidency College, Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Sangita Majumdar
- Department of Physiology, Presidency College, Kolkata, Kolkata, India,Institute of Genetic Medicine and Genomic Science, Madhyamgram, Kolkata 700 128, India
| | - Anasuya Maiti
- Department of Physiology, Presidency College, Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Monalisa Choudhury
- Pre-Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Tripura Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Hapania, Tripura 799014, India,Department of Physiology, Presidency College, Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Aniruddha Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Presidency College, Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Asankur S. Das
- Pre-Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Tripura Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Hapania, Tripura 799014, India,Department of Physiology, Presidency College, Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandan Mitra
- Pre-Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Tripura Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Hapania, Tripura 799014, India,Department of Physiology, Presidency College, Kolkata, Kolkata, India,*Chandan Mitra:
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Lee W. The CEACAM1 expression is decreased in the liver of severely obese patients with or without diabetes. Diagn Pathol 2011; 6:40. [PMID: 21569294 PMCID: PMC3104481 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-6-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is mainly caused by insulin resistance. The carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is an important candidate for causing insulin resistance. METHODS The CEACAM1 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in the liver tissues of 99 severely obese or non-obese subjects with or without diabetes. The CEACAM1 expression was classified into two categories: a normal expression or a decreased expression. RESULTS The CEACAM1 expression was markedly decreased in the hepatocytes with macrovesicular steatosis. A decreased CEACAM1 expression was noted in 29 (29%) of 99 cases. The incidence of a decreased CEACAM1 expression was significantly higher in high grade fatty liver as well as severe obesity with or without diabetes (p < 0.05). The incidence of a decreased CEACAM1 expression was not different between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS This data supports that a decreased CEACAM1 expression is related to obesity and a fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonae Lee
- Department of Pathology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
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Grills NJ. The Easter bunny and the chocolate conspiracy. Med J Aust 2011; 194:410-2. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Grills
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
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Miller MH, Ferguson MAJ, Dillon JF. Systematic review of performance of non-invasive biomarkers in the evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2011; 31:461-73. [PMID: 21382157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluates the many studies carried out to discover and evaluate non-invasive markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Many different strategies and methods have been used in this task, from the discovery of new markers by global 'shotgun' studies to hypothesis-driven approaches, to the development of algorithm tests based on routinely available clinical and biochemical parameters. We examined the various different approaches, summarising the findings in an attempt to give an overview of the field of non-invasive markers in NAFLD, encompassing markers of steatosis, necro-inflammation and fibrosis. The body of literature surrounding this topic is complex and varied, encompassing not only different methodologies but also different patient characteristics, different disease definitions, as well as different end points. This reflects the heterogeneity of NAFLD, which, however, introduces considerably difficulty when trying to draw a conclusion between studies. We have divided this review into three main chapters based on the characteristics of the studies. The Genomics/Proteomics chapter reviews studies using a non-hypothesis-driven approach to biomarker discovery. Thereafter, we evaluate studies of association - studies that target-specific markers, comparing levels between disease and control groups. Finally, we examine the algorithm tests - mathematical systems developed on the basis of previously described markers and assessed, usually, by receiver operator curve analysis. While radiological examination and investigations offer important diagnostic information, such studies are not discussed in this review - the body of literature surrounding blood and anthropological markers is complex and varied, demanding close attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Miller
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK.
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Choi WH, Ahn JY, Kim SA, Kim TW, Ha TY. Eisenia bicyclis Inhibits Body Weight Gain and Fat Accumulation Induced by High-Fat Diets in Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2010.15.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Padilha PDC, Rocha HFD, Alves N, Peres WAF. Prevalência de doença hepática não-alcoólica em crianças e adolescentes obesos: uma revisão sistemática. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822010000400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Revisar publicações que investigaram a prevalência de doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica (DHGNA) em crianças. FONTES DE DADOS: Bancos de dados Medline (versão PubMed) e Latin American and Caribbean Centre on Health Sciences Information (LILACS), considerando-se o período de 1997 a 2008. Aplicou-se a combinação dos seguintes descritores: "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease", "hepatic steatosis", "nonalcoholic steatohepatitis", "overweight children", "overweight adolescent", "pediatric obesity", "children obesity", "childhood obesity". SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Foram selecionados 14 artigos: cinco transversais, um caso-controle e oito de coorte. A concordância entre os avaliadores na classificação da qualidade dos artigos foi considerada ótima (k=0,81), com intervalo de confiança de 95% (0,52-1,00; p<0,001); porém, apenas um estudo foi considerado de excelente qualidade. Todos os estudos demonstraram associação entre obesidade e DHGNA, com prevalências variando de 3,0 a 60,3%. Os artigos analisados indicam que as alterações bioquímicas e de imagem são rapidamente normalizadas com a programação da perda ponderal por meio de dieta e exercício físico. Observam-se prevalências maiores em meninos, com o aumento da idade. Uma associação relatada com frequência foi a da resistência insulínica com a progressão da DHGNA. CONCLUSÕES: São necessários estudos cuidadosamente desenhados para esclarecer a relação entre obesidade e DHGNA na infância. Recomenda-se que todas as crianças obesas sejam rastreadas, já que a DHGNA representa a maior causa de agravo hepático na infância.
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Oberlinner C, Zober A, Nawroth PP, Humpert PM, Morcos M. Alanine-aminotransferase levels predict impaired glucose tolerance in a worksite population. Acta Diabetol 2010; 47:161-5. [PMID: 19855923 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-009-0148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance precede the development of type 2 diabetes. In 2006, the BASF Occupational Medicine and Health Protection Department offered a diabetes screening program for 33,000 employees. 1,594 employees had their diabetes risk tested: 285 employees were at medium to high risk for diabetes type 2, according to the Finrisk score. Hundred and fifty-seven of these individuals underwent oral glucose tolerance testing: 22 were shown to have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 5 had manifest diabetes. Thus, 18% of this worksite sample population were affected by IGT or type 2 diabetes. A total of 87% were affected by metabolic syndrome (MS) according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. At baseline, individuals with normal glucose tolerance and impaired glucose tolerance differed significantly with respect to fasting glucose (97 +/- 8 vs. 103 +/- 10 mg/dl, P < 0.01), HbA1c (5.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.7 +/- 0.4%, P < 0.01), and alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) (28 +/- 15 vs. 36 +/- 18 U/I, P < 0.05). In binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender, fasting glucose and ALT were the only independent predictors of impaired glucose tolerance (OR 4.8 [1.24-24.8] and OR 5.5 [1.2-24.8]), while age and HbA1c had only borderline significance (OR 3.9 [0.94-15.92] and OR 2.8 [0.94-8.67]). Waist circumference, BMI, triglycerides, and HDL as central components of the MS had no predictive value for impaired glucose tolerance. In summary, in this particular sample population, fasting glucose and ALT were the only significant predictors of IGT. These data point to an important role of the liver in insulin resistance and the development of impaired glucose tolerance in the relatively young and small population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Oberlinner
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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Iwasa J, Shimizu M, Shiraki M, Shirakami Y, Sakai H, Terakura Y, Takai K, Tsurumi H, Tanaka T, Moriwaki H. Dietary supplementation with branched-chain amino acids suppresses diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis in obese and diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:460-7. [PMID: 19906067 PMCID: PMC11159020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis as well as in chronic viral hepatitis. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), which improve insulin resistance, inhibited obesity-related colon carcinogenesis in a rodent model, and also reduced the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in obese patients with liver cirrhosis. In the present study, we determined the effects of BCAA on the development of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver tumorigenesis in obese C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice with diabetes mellitus. Male db/db mice were given tap water containing 40 ppm DEN for an initial 2 weeks and thereafter they received a basal diet containing 3.0% of BCAA or casein, which served as a nitrogen content-matched control of BCAA, throughout the experiment. Supplementation with BCAA significantly reduced the total number of foci of cellular alteration, a premalignant lesion of the liver, and the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, and IGF-1 receptor in the liver when compared to the casein supplementation. BCAA supplementation for 34 weeks also significantly inhibited both the development of hepatocellular neoplasms and the proliferation of hepatocytes in comparison to the basal diet or casein-fed groups. Supplementation with BCAA improved liver steatosis and fibrosis and inhibited the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in the DEN-treated db/db mice. The serum levels of glucose and leptin decreased by dietary BCAA, whereas the value of the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index increased by this agent, indicating the improvement of insulin resistance and hyperleptinemia. In conclusion, oral BCAA supplementation improves insulin resistance and prevents the development of liver tumorigenesis in obese and diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Iwasa
- Department of Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Velkoska E, Warner FJ, Cole TJ, Smith I, Morris MJ. Metabolic effects of low dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in dietary obesity in the rat. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:49-55. [PMID: 19361967 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Given the recent observation of a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in adipose tissue, and its association with obesity-related hypertension, the metabolic effects of treatment with a low dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) were investigated in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to either standard laboratory chow (12% calories as fat) or palatable high fat (30% calories as fat) diet for 12 weeks. A subset from both dietary groups was given low dose ACEI in drinking water (perindopril, 0.3 mg/kg/day) throughout the study. The high fat diet increased body weight, adiposity, circulating leptin and insulin and in the liver we observed fat accumulation and increased tissue ACE activity. Treatment with perindopril decreased food intake and circulating insulin in both diet groups, and hepatic ACE activity in high fat fed animals only. Decreased plasma leptin concentration with ACE inhibition was only evident in chow fed animals. These effects were independent of any blood pressure lowering effect of ACE inhibition. CONCLUSION Chronic low dose ACEI treatment reduced circulating insulin and leptin levels with some reduction in food intake in chow fed rats. Fewer beneficial effects were observed in obesity, and further work is required to investigate higher ACEI doses. Our data suggest a reduction in hepatic ACE activity may affect lipid accumulation and other inflammatory responses, as well as improving insulin resistance. Our findings may have implications for maximizing the clinical benefit of ACEI in patients without overt cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Velkoska
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Abstract
The liver plays a unique role in nutrient homeostasis. Its anatomical location makes it ideally suited to control the systemic supply of absorbed nutrients, and it is the primary organ that can both consume and produce substantial amounts of glucose. Moreover, it is the site of a substantial fraction (about 25 %) of the body's protein synthesis, and the liver and other organs of the splanchnic bed play an important role in sparing dietary N by storing ingested amino acids. This hepatic anabolism is under the control of hormonal and nutritional changes that occur during food intake. In particular, the route of nutrient delivery, i.e. oral (or intraportal) v. peripheral venous, appears to impact upon the disposition of the macronutrients and also to affect both hepatic and whole-body nutrient metabolism. Intraportal glucose delivery significantly enhances net hepatic glucose uptake, compared with glucose infusion via a peripheral vein. On the other hand, concomitant intraportal infusion of both glucose and gluconeogenic amino acids significantly decreases net hepatic glucose uptake, compared with infusion of the same mass of glucose by itself. Delivery of amino acids via the portal vein may enhance their hepatic uptake, however. Elevation of circulating lipids under postprandial conditions appears to impair both hepatic and whole-body glucose disposal. Thus, the liver's role in nutrient disposal and metabolism is highly responsive to the route of nutrient delivery, and this is an important consideration in planning nutrition support and optimising anabolism in vulnerable patients.
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Haentjens P, Massaad D, Reynaert H, Peeters E, Van Meerhaeghe A, Vinken S, Poppe K, Velkeniers B. Identifying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among asymptomatic overweight and obese individuals by clinical and biochemical characteristics. Acta Clin Belg 2009; 64:483-93. [PMID: 20101871 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2009.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of liver steatosis among asymptomatic individuals attending an out-patient clinic for a problem of overweight, and to define the discriminatory value of several characteristics for predicting liver steatosis among them. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Consecutive patients Swith a body mass index (BMI) of > or =25 kg/m2 who consented to undergo liver ultrasound and blood tests were recruited for inclusion. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and statistical indices of diagnostic performance and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine whether a combination of characteristics could improve diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS We enrolled sixty-eight subjects (mean BMI, 37.5 kg/m2), of whom 39 (57.4%) had liver steatosis on ultrasound. Logistic regression analyses indicated that only 3 variables were significantly and independently correlated with liver steatosis: female gender, low adiponectin levels, and high insulin resistance index. A composite index for predicting liver steatosis was calculated by summing the risk factors of female gender, low adiponectin, and insulin resistance index (FAIR score). The accuracy of this score was determined by ROC analysis to be 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74-0.96; P < 0.001). The presence of two or more risk factors (FAIR score > or =2) had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 77%, 91%, 92%, and 74%, respectively. The likelihood ratio for a positive result was 8.43. CONCLUSIONS Among asymptomatic overweight individuals attending an out-patient clinic, the prevalence of liver steatosis on ultrasound is 57%. Female gender, the insulin resistance index, and low adiponectin are significant and independent predictors of liver steatosis. A combination of these three factors allows sensitivity and specificity for non alcoholic fatty liver of 77% and 91%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Haentjens
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium
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Johnson NA, Sachinwalla T, Walton DW, Smith K, Armstrong A, Thompson MW, George J. Aerobic exercise training reduces hepatic and visceral lipids in obese individuals without weight loss. Hepatology 2009; 50:1105-12. [PMID: 19637289 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Weight loss remains the most common therapy advocated for reducing hepatic lipid in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Yet, reduction of body weight by lifestyle intervention is often modest, and thus, therapies which effectively modulate the burden of fatty liver but are not contingent upon weight loss are of the highest practical significance. However, the effect of aerobic exercise on liver fat independent of weight loss has not been clarified. We assessed the effect of aerobic exercise training on hepatic, blood, abdominal and muscle lipids in 19 sedentary obese men and women using magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). Four weeks of aerobic cycling exercise, in accordance with current physical activity guidelines, significantly reduced visceral adipose tissue volume by 12% (P < 0.01) and hepatic triglyceride concentration by 21% (P < 0.05). This was associated with a significant (14%) reduction in plasma free fatty acids (P < 0.05). Exercise training did not alter body weight, vastus lateralis intramyocellular triglyceride concentration, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue volume, (1)H-MRS-measured hepatic lipid saturation, or HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION These data provide the first direct experimental evidence demonstrating that regular aerobic exercise reduces hepatic lipids in obesity even in the absence of body weight reduction. Physical activity should be strongly promoted for the management of fatty liver, the benefits of which are not exclusively contingent upon weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Johnson
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Clinicopathological spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among patients in Kerala. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009; 24:155-8. [PMID: 23105825 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-009-0028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its more aggressive form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are entities that are becoming more and more interesting to the medical community in general. A total of 93 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients (64 male and 29 female) within the age range between 28 to 63 years were studied. All of them showed elevated alanine aminotransferase level (104.07 ± 56.04). Aspartate aminotransferase level (58.13 ± 31.96) was elevated more than its normal level in 82% cases and AST to ALT ratio was found 0.59 ± 0.26. Predisposing factors were diabetes mellitus (37%), obesity (13%) and hyperlipidemia (41%). In addition, 32% of the subjects were overweight.18% of the patients had elevated serum bilirubin. Our findings recommend a lower cutoff value than suggested by the World Health Organization for overweight and obesity among this racial-ethnic group.
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Yang X, Zhou Y, Jin R, Chan C. Reconstruct modular phenotype-specific gene networks by knowledge-driven matrix factorization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 25:2236-43. [PMID: 19542155 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Reconstructing gene networks from microarray data has provided mechanistic information on cellular processes. A popular structure learning method, Bayesian network inference, has been used to determine network topology despite its shortcomings, i.e. the high-computational cost when analyzing a large number of genes and the inefficiency in exploiting prior knowledge, such as the co-regulation information of the genes. To address these limitations, we are introducing an alternative method, knowledge-driven matrix factorization (KMF) framework, to reconstruct phenotype-specific modular gene networks. RESULTS Considering the reconstruction of gene network as a matrix factorization problem, we first use the gene expression data to estimate a correlation matrix, and then factorize the correlation matrix to recover the gene modules and the interactions between them. Prior knowledge from Gene Ontology is integrated into the matrix factorization. We applied this KMF algorithm to hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells treated with free fatty acids (FFAs). By comparing the module networks for the different conditions, we identified the specific modules that are involved in conferring the cytotoxic phenotype induced by palmitate. Further analysis of the gene modules of the different conditions suggested individual genes that play important roles in palmitate-induced cytotoxicity. In summary, KMF can efficiently integrate gene expression data with prior knowledge, thereby providing a powerful method of reconstructing phenotype-specific gene networks and valuable insights into the mechanisms that govern the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Labruna G, Pasanisi F, Nardelli C, Tarantino G, Vitale DF, Bracale R, Finelli C, Genua MP, Contaldo F, Sacchetti L. UCP1 -3826 AG+GG genotypes, adiponectin, and leptin/adiponectin ratio in severe obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:525-9. [PMID: 19474520 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are well-recognized complications of obesity. This study was designed to evaluate the role of the UCP1 -3826 A>G polymorphism, adiponectin levels, leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A), and main biochemical parameters in 102 unrelated severely obese adults [61 females and 41 males, median body mass index (BMI) = 47.8 kg/m2] with NAFLD, with (MS+) or without MS (MS-) from Southern Italy. SUBJECT AND METHODS The UCP1 polymorphism was tested by the TaqMan method, main biochemical parameters by routinary methods, adiponectin, and leptin serum levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MS was diagnosed according to the American Heart Association criteria, liver steatosis was detected by ultrasound. RESULTS MS was present in 53% male and 66% female obese patients. Only total cholesterol (p=0.04 males and p=0.002 females) and L/A ratio (p=0.03 males) differed between MS+ and MS- obese patients. At multivariate analysis, severe liver steatosis was significantly associated with: UCP1 (AG+GG) genotypes [odds ratio-confidence interval (OR-CI): 4.25; 1.12-16.13], MS (OR-CI: 8.47; 1.78-40.25), low adiponectin levels (OR-CI: 0.92; 0.87-0.98), high alanine aminotransferase levels (OR-CI: 1.03; 1.00-1.06), age (ORCI: 1.08; 1.00-1.15), and male gender (OR-CI: 10.78; 1.61- 71.96). CONCLUSION In addition to traditional factors, total cholesterol and L/A ratio appear to contribute to MS characterization in severe obesity. Furthermore, the UCP1 (AG+GG) genotypes and low adiponectin levels could predispose to a more severe liver steatosis independently of MS presence. Based on our data, polymorphic UCP1 (AG+GG) obese patients with low adiponectin levels appear to be high-risk subjects for worsening of liver steatosis, a NAFLD, possibly requiring a second-step evaluation by liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Labruna
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. a R.L., Naples, Italy
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Luef G, Rauchenzauner M, Waldmann M, Sturm W, Sandhofer A, Seppi K, Trinka E, Unterberger I, Ebenbichler CF, Joannidis M, Walser G, Bauer G, Hoppichler F, Lechleitner M. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and lipid profile in antiepileptic drug treatment. Epilepsy Res 2009; 86:42-7. [PMID: 19464851 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients undergoing long-term treatment with valproic acid (VPA) are prone to develop different features of the metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance (IR) and a pro-atherogenic lipid profile in patients undergoing VPA, carbamazepine (CBZ) and lamotrigine (LTG) monotherapy compared to healthy controls. METHODS Abdominal ultrasound as well as measurement of serum fasting insulin and glucose, serum lipids and liver function parameters were performed in VPA (n=23), CBZ (n=22) and LTG (n=23) treated non-diabetic and non-obese epileptic patients compared to healthy controls (n=16). RESULTS Ultrasound measurement demonstrated characteristics of fatty liver disease in 60.9% of VPA, in 22.7% of CBZ, in 8.7% of LTG treated patients and in 12.5% of the healthy controls, with highest level of steatosis seen in VPA treated patients. In addition, patients on VPA monotherapy showed a higher body-mass index (BMI) when compared to LTG treated patients and controls (p<or=0.049). Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gammaGT) were greatest in the CBZ group (p<or=0.043). Interestingly, serum fasting glucose, serum fasting insulin as well as the HOMA-IR did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, VPA (and moderately CBZ) therapy is related to increased risk for ultrasonographic signs of fatty liver disease, emphasizing the importance of regular ultrasound measurements as well as monitoring of serum lipids and BMI during enzyme-modulating AED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Luef
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Unit, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Kotronen A, Yki-Järvinen H, Aminoff A, Bergholm R, Pietiläinen KH, Westerbacka J, Talmud PJ, Humphries SE, Hamsten A, Isomaa B, Groop L, Orho-Melander M, Ehrenborg E, Fisher RM. Genetic variation in the ADIPOR2 gene is associated with liver fat content and its surrogate markers in three independent cohorts. Eur J Endocrinol 2009; 160:593-602. [PMID: 19208777 DOI: 10.1530/eje-08-0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated whether polymorphisms in candidate genes involved in lipid metabolism and type 2 diabetes are related to liver fat content. METHODS Liver fat content was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in 302 Finns, in whom single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2), and the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARA, PPARD, and PPARG) were analyzed. To validate our findings, SNPs significantly associated with liver fat content were studied in two independent cohorts and related to surrogate markers of liver fat content. RESULTS In the Finnish subjects, polymorphisms in ACSL4 (rs7887981), ADIPOR2 (rs767870), and PPARG (rs3856806) were significantly associated with liver fat content measured with (1)H-MRS after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. Anthropometric and circulating parameters were comparable between genotypes. In the first validation cohort of approximately 600 Swedish men, ACSL4 rs7887981 was related to fasting insulin and triglyceride concentrations, and ADIPOR2 rs767870 to serum gamma glutamyltransferase concentrations after adjusting for BMI. The SNP in PPARG (rs3856806) was not significantly associated with any relevant metabolic parameter in this cohort. In the second validation cohort of approximately 3000 subjects from Western Finland, ADIPOR2 rs767870, but not ACSL4 rs7887981 was related to fasting triglyceride concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variation, particularly in the ADIPOR2 gene, contributes to variation in hepatic fat accumulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kotronen
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
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