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Yang Z, Feng R, Zhao H. Cuproptosis and Cu: a new paradigm in cellular death and their role in non-cancerous diseases. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01993-y. [PMID: 39014119 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cuproptosis, a newly characterized form of regulated cell death driven by copper accumulation, has emerged as a significant mechanism underlying various non-cancerous diseases. This review delves into the complex interplay between copper metabolism and the pathogenesis of conditions such as Wilson's disease (WD), neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular pathologies. We examine the molecular mechanisms by which copper dysregulation induces cuproptosis, highlighting the pivotal roles of key copper transporters and enzymes. Additionally, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of copper chelation strategies, which have shown promise in experimental models by mitigating copper-induced cellular damage and restoring physiological homeostasis. Through a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements and current knowledge, this review underscores the necessity of further research to translate these findings into clinical applications. The ultimate goal is to harness the therapeutic potential of targeting cuproptosis, thereby improving disease management and patient outcomes in non-cancerous conditions associated with copper dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ridong Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (FAHZU), 79 Qingchun Rd., Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 330100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266005, Shandong, China.
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2
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Tavares LA, Rodrigues RL, Santos da Costa C, Nascimento JA, Vargas de Carvalho J, Nogueira de Carvalho A, Mardones GA, daSilva LLP. AP-1γ2 is an adaptor protein 1 variant required for endosome-to-Golgi trafficking of the mannose-6-P receptor (CI-MPR) and ATP7B copper transporter. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105700. [PMID: 38307383 PMCID: PMC10909764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective retrograde transport from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is important for maintaining protein homeostasis, recycling receptors, and returning molecules that were transported to the wrong compartments. Two important transmembrane proteins directed to this pathway are the Cation-Independent Mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) and the ATP7B copper transporter. Among CI-MPR functions is the delivery of acid hydrolases to lysosomes, while ATP7B facilitates the transport of cytosolic copper ions into organelles or the extracellular space. Precise subcellular localization of CI-MPR and ATP7B is essential for the proper functioning of these proteins. This study shows that both CI-MPR and ATP7B interact with a variant of the clathrin adaptor 1 (AP-1) complex that contains a specific isoform of the γ-adaptin subunit called γ2. Through synchronized anterograde trafficking and cell-surface uptake assays, we demonstrated that AP-1γ2 is dispensable for ATP7B and CI-MPR exit from the TGN while being critically required for ATP7B and CI-MPR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN. Moreover, AP-1γ2 depletion leads to the retention of endocytosed CI-MPR in endosomes enriched in retromer complex subunits. These data underscore the importance of AP-1γ2 as a key component in the sorting and trafficking machinery of CI-MPR and ATP7B, highlighting its essential role in the transport of proteins from endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Alves Tavares
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Luiz Rodrigues
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Santos da Costa
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Alburqueque Nascimento
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Julianne Vargas de Carvalho
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia Nogueira de Carvalho
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Yang Y, Fleishman JS, Wang Y, Wang J, Chen J, Li Y, Wang H. Cuproptosis: A novel therapeutic target for overcoming cancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 72:101018. [PMID: 37979442 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Cuproptosis is a newly identified form of cell death driven by copper. Recently, the role of copper and copper triggered cell death in the pathogenesis of cancers have attracted attentions. Cuproptosis has garnered enormous interest in cancer research communities because of its great potential for cancer therapy. Copper-based treatment exerts an inhibiting role in tumor growth and may open the door for the treatment of chemotherapy-insensitive tumors. In this review, we provide a critical analysis on copper homeostasis and the role of copper dysregulation in the development and progression of cancers. Then the core molecular mechanisms of cuproptosis and its role in cancer is discussed, followed by summarizing the current understanding of copper-based agents (copper chelators, copper ionophores, and copper complexes-based dynamic therapy) for cancer treatment. Additionally, we summarize the emerging data on copper complexes-based agents and copper ionophores to subdue tumor chemotherapy resistance in different types of cancers. We also review the small-molecule compounds and nanoparticles (NPs) that may kill cancer cells by inducing cuproptosis, which will shed new light on the development of anticancer drugs through inducing cuproptosis in the future. Finally, the important concepts and pressing questions of cuproptosis in future research that should be focused on were discussed. This review article suggests that targeting cuproptosis could be a novel antitumor therapy and treatment strategy to overcome cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Yongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junjing Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Huhhot First Hospital, Huhhot 010030, PR China
| | - Yihui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research & Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Fang C, Peng Z, Sang Y, Ren Z, Ding H, Yuan H, Hu K. Copper in Cancer: from transition metal to potential target. Hum Cell 2024; 37:85-100. [PMID: 37751026 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the continuous in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, numerous potential new targets for cancer treatment have been identified, some of which have been further developed in clinical practice and have produced positive outcomes. Notably, researchers' initial motivation for studying copper metabolism in cancer stems from the fact that copper is a necessary trace element for organisms and is closely connected to body growth and metabolism. Moreover, over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular processes and correlations between copper and cancer. Certain achievements have been made in the development and use of relevant clinical medications. The concept of "cuproptosis," a novel concept that differs from previous forms of cell death, was first proposed by a group of scientists last year, offering fresh perspectives on the targeting capabilities of copper in the treatment of cancer. In this review, we introduced the fundamental physiological functions of copper, the key components of copper metabolism, and a summary of the current research contributions on the connection between copper and cancer. In addition, the development of new copper-based nanomaterials and their associated mechanisms of action are discussed. Finally, we described how the susceptibility of cancer cells to this metallic nutrition could be leveraged to further improve the existing cancer treatment paradigm in the new setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Sang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zihao Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiming Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongwang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
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Lafhal K, Sabir ES, Hakmaoui A, Hammoud M, Aimrane A, Najeh S, Assiri I, Berrachid A, Imad N, Boujemaa CA, Aziz F, El Hanafi FZ, Lalaoui A, Aamri H, Boyko I, Sánchez-Monteagudo A, Espinós C, Sab IA, Aboussair N, Bourrahouat A, Fdil N. Clinical, biochemical and molecular characterization of Wilson's disease in Moroccan patients. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 36:100984. [PMID: 37323222 PMCID: PMC10267639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2023.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wilson Disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene. WD is characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentations expressed by hepatic and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. The disease is difficult to diagnose, and misdiagnosed cases are commonly seen. Methods In this study, the presented symptoms of WD, the biochemical parameters as well as its natural history are described based on cases collected in Mohammed VI Hospital University of Marrakech (Morocco). We screened and sequenced 21 exons of ATP7B gene from 12 WD patients that confirmed through biochemical diagnosis. Results Mutational assessment of the ATP7B gene showed six homozygous mutations in 12 individuals however, 2 patients had no evidence of any mutation in promoter and exonic regions. All mutations are pathogenic and most were missense mutations. c.2507G > A (p.G836E), c.3694A > C (p.T1232P) and c.3310 T > C (p.C1104R) that were identified in 4 patients. The other mutations were a non-sense mutation (c.865C > T (p.C1104R)) detected in 2 patients, a splice mutation (c.51 + 4A > T) detected in 2 patients and a frameshift mutation (c.1746 dup (p.E583Rfs*25) detected in 2 patients. Conclusion Our study is the first molecular analysis in Moroccan patients with Wilson's disease, the ATP7B mutational spectrum in the Moroccan population is diverse and still unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Lafhal
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Es-said Sabir
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelmalek Hakmaoui
- Center of Clinical Research, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Miloud Hammoud
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelmohcine Aimrane
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Samira Najeh
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Imane Assiri
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelaati Berrachid
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Najwa Imad
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Chaima Ait Boujemaa
- Center of Clinical Research, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Faissal Aziz
- National Center for Study and Research on Water and Energy, PO Box 511, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech., Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra El Hanafi
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Abdessamad Lalaoui
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Hasna Aamri
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Iryna Boyko
- Laboratory of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Monteagudo
- Laboratory of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Laboratory of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases, Valencia, Spain
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Imane Ait Sab
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Nisrine Aboussair
- Department of Medical Genetics, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Aicha Bourrahouat
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Naima Fdil
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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6
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Garza NM, Swaminathan AB, Maremanda KP, Zulkifli M, Gohil VM. Mitochondrial copper in human genetic disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:21-33. [PMID: 36435678 PMCID: PMC9780195 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient that serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in diverse physiological processes, including mitochondrial energy generation. Copper enters cells through a dedicated copper transporter and is distributed to intracellular cuproenzymes by copper chaperones. Mitochondria are critical copper-utilizing organelles that harbor an essential cuproenzyme cytochrome c oxidase, which powers energy production. Mutations in copper transporters and chaperones that perturb mitochondrial copper homeostasis result in fatal genetic disorders. Recent studies have uncovered the therapeutic potential of elesclomol, a copper ionophore, for the treatment of copper deficiency disorders such as Menkes disease. Here we review the role of copper in mitochondrial energy metabolism in the context of human diseases and highlight the recent developments in copper therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Garza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Abhinav B Swaminathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Krishna P Maremanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mohammad Zulkifli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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7
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Xie Y, Zhang W, Sun J, Sun L, Meng F, Yu H. A novel cuproptosis-related immune checkpoint gene signature identification and experimental validation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18514. [PMID: 36323801 PMCID: PMC9630496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-induced death, also termed cuproptosis, is a novel form of programmed cell death and is promising as a new strategy for cancer therapeutics. Elevated copper levels in tumor cells are positively associated with high PD-L1 expression. Nonetheless, the prognostic significance of cuproptosis-related immune checkpoint genes (CRICGs) in hepatocellular carcinoma remains to be further clarified. This study aimed to construct the prognostic CRICG signature to predict the immunotherapy response and outcomes of HCC patients. The co-expressed CRICGs were first screened through Pearson correlation analysis. Based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-COX regression analyses, we identified a prognostic 5-CRICGs model, which closely correlates with poor outcomes, cancer development, and immune response to hepatocellular carcinoma. External validation was conducted using the GSE14520 dataset. Lastly, qRT-PCR was performed to determine the expression of the CRICGs in HCC. In summary, we developed and validated a novel prognostic CRICG model based on 5 CRICGs. This prognostic signature could effectively forecast the outcomes and immune response of HCC patients, which may serve as biomarkers for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusai Xie
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning China
| | - Jia Sun
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning China
| | - Lingyan Sun
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning China
| | - Fanjie Meng
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning China
| | - Huiying Yu
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
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8
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Gao J, Gao A, Zhou H, Chen L. The role of metal ions in the Golgi apparatus. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1309-1319. [PMID: 35830695 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound organelle that functions as a central role in the secretory pathway. Since the discovery of the Golgi apparatus, its structure and function have attracted ever-increasing attention from researchers. Recently, it has been demonstrated that metal ions are necessary for the Golgi apparatus to maintain its proper structure and functions. Given that metal ions play an important role in various biological processes, their abnormal homeostasis is related to many diseases. Therefore, in this paper, we reviewed the uptake and release mechanisms of the Golgi apparatus Ca2+ , Cu, and Zn2+ . Furthermore, we describe the diseases associated with Golgi apparatus Ca2+ , Cu, and Zn2+ imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Anbo Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Radiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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9
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Ge EJ, Bush AI, Casini A, Cobine PA, Cross JR, DeNicola GM, Dou QP, Franz KJ, Gohil VM, Gupta S, Kaler SG, Lutsenko S, Mittal V, Petris MJ, Polishchuk R, Ralle M, Schilsky ML, Tonks NK, Vahdat LT, Van Aelst L, Xi D, Yuan P, Brady DC, Chang CJ. Connecting copper and cancer: from transition metal signalling to metalloplasia. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:102-113. [PMID: 34764459 PMCID: PMC8810673 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 256.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential nutrient whose redox properties make it both beneficial and toxic to the cell. Recent progress in studying transition metal signalling has forged new links between researchers of different disciplines that can help translate basic research in the chemistry and biology of copper into clinical therapies and diagnostics to exploit copper-dependent disease vulnerabilities. This concept is particularly relevant in cancer, as tumour growth and metastasis have a heightened requirement for this metal nutrient. Indeed, the traditional view of copper as solely an active site metabolic cofactor has been challenged by emerging evidence that copper is also a dynamic signalling metal and metalloallosteric regulator, such as for copper-dependent phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) in lipolysis, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2 in cell growth and proliferation and the kinases ULK1 and ULK2 in autophagy. In this Perspective, we summarize our current understanding of the connection between copper and cancer and explore how challenges in the field could be addressed by using the framework of cuproplasia, which is defined as regulated copper-dependent cell proliferation and is a representative example of a broad range of metalloplasias. Cuproplasia is linked to a diverse array of cellular processes, including mitochondrial respiration, antioxidant defence, redox signalling, kinase signalling, autophagy and protein quality control. Identifying and characterizing new modes of copper-dependent signalling offers translational opportunities that leverage disease vulnerabilities to this metal nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Paul A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen G Kaler
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neuberger Berman Foundation Lung Cancer Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael L Schilsky
- Section of Transplantation and Immunology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Linda T Vahdat
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dan Xi
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, USA
| | - Donita C Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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10
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Wen MH, Xie X, Huang PS, Yang K, Chen TY. Crossroads between membrane trafficking machinery and copper homeostasis in the nerve system. Open Biol 2021; 11:210128. [PMID: 34847776 PMCID: PMC8633785 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced copper homeostasis and perturbation of membrane trafficking are two common symptoms that have been associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Accumulating evidence from biophysical, cellular and in vivo studies suggest that membrane trafficking orchestrates both copper homeostasis and neural functions-however, a systematic review of how copper homeostasis and membrane trafficking interplays in neurons remains lacking. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the general trafficking itineraries for copper transporters and highlight several critical membrane trafficking regulators in maintaining copper homeostasis. We discuss how membrane trafficking regulators may alter copper transporter distribution in different membrane compartments to regulate intracellular copper homeostasis. Using Parkinson's disease and MEDNIK as examples, we further elaborate how misregulated trafficking regulators may interplay parallelly or synergistically with copper dyshomeostasis in devastating pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we explore multiple unsolved questions and highlight the existing challenges to understand how copper homeostasis is modulated through membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Xihong Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Pei-San Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Karen Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tai-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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11
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Schroeder SM, Matsukuma KE, Medici V. Wilson disease and the differential diagnosis of its hepatic manifestations: a narrative review of clinical, laboratory, and liver histological features. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1394. [PMID: 34733946 PMCID: PMC8506558 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective The goal of the present work is to provide an overview of the differential diagnosis of Wilson disease. Background Wilson disease is a rare condition due to copper accumulation primarily in the liver and brain. Although there is no definitive cure, current anti-copper treatments are associated with better outcomes if initiated early and if the diagnosis is made promptly. However, diagnostic delays are frequent and often Wilson disease represents a diagnostic challenge. The diagnosis ultimately relies on a combination of clinical, laboratory and genetic findings, and it is crucial that clinicians list Wilson disease in their differential diagnosis, especially in patients presenting with a hepatocellular pattern of liver injury. Some biochemical and liver histological features of Wilson disease overlap with those of more common conditions including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, and autoimmune hepatitis. In particular, hepatic steatosis, hepatocyte glycogenated nuclei, ballooning degeneration, and Mallory-Denk bodies are often identified in Wilson disease as well as more common liver diseases. In addition, the natural history of liver damage in Wilson disease and the risk of developing liver cancer are largely understudied. Methods We conducted an enlarged review of published papers on Wilson disease focusing on its diagnosis and distinctive clinical and liver pathology features in relation to common non-cholestatic liver diseases with the final goal in aiding clinicians in the diagnostic process of this rare but treatable condition. Conclusions Aside from markedly altered copper metabolism, Wilson disease has essentially no pathognomonic features that can distinguish it from more common liver diseases. Clinicians should be aware of this challenge and consider Wilson disease in patients presenting with a hepatocellular pattern of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Schroeder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Matsukuma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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12
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Collins JF. Copper nutrition and biochemistry and human (patho)physiology. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 96:311-364. [PMID: 34112357 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The essential trace mineral copper plays important roles in human physiology and pathophysiology. Disruption of copper homeostasis may underlie the development of ischemic heart disease, and connective tissue and neurodegenerative disorders. Copper also likely participates in the host response to bacterial infection and is further implicated more broadly in regulating immunity. Recent studies further associate copper with disruption of lipid homeostasis, as is frequently seen in, for example, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Moreover, continuing investigation of copper chaperones has revealed new roles for these intracellular copper-binding proteins. Despite these (and many other) significant advances, many questions related to copper biology remain unanswered. For example, what are the most sensitive and specific biomarkers of copper status, and which ones are useful in marginal (or "sub-clinical" copper deficiency)? Further research on this topic is required to inform future investigations of copper metabolism in humans (so the copper status of study participants can be fully appreciated). Also, are current recommendations for copper intake adequate? Recent studies suggest that overt copper deficiency is more common than once thought, and further, some have suggested that the copper RDAs for adults may be too low. Additional human balance and interventional studies are necessary and could provide the impetus for reconsidering the copper RDAs in the future. These and myriad other unresolved aspects of copper nutrition will undoubtedly be the focus of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Collins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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13
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ATP7A-Regulated Enzyme Metalation and Trafficking in the Menkes Disease Puzzle. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040391. [PMID: 33917579 PMCID: PMC8067471 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is vital for numerous cellular functions affecting all tissues and organ systems in the body. The copper pump, ATP7A is critical for whole-body, cellular, and subcellular copper homeostasis, and dysfunction due to genetic defects results in Menkes disease. ATP7A dysfunction leads to copper deficiency in nervous tissue, liver, and blood but accumulation in other tissues. Site-specific cellular deficiencies of copper lead to loss of function of copper-dependent enzymes in all tissues, and the range of Menkes disease pathologies observed can now be explained in full by lack of specific copper enzymes. New pathways involving copper activated lysosomal and steroid sulfatases link patient symptoms usually related to other inborn errors of metabolism to Menkes disease. Additionally, new roles for lysyl oxidase in activation of molecules necessary for the innate immune system, and novel adapter molecules that play roles in ERGIC trafficking of brain receptors and other proteins, are emerging. We here summarize the current knowledge of the roles of copper enzyme function in Menkes disease, with a focus on ATP7A-mediated enzyme metalation in the secretory pathway. By establishing mechanistic relationships between copper-dependent cellular processes and Menkes disease symptoms in patients will not only increase understanding of copper biology but will also allow for the identification of an expanding range of copper-dependent enzymes and pathways. This will raise awareness of rare patient symptoms, and thus aid in early diagnosis of Menkes disease patients.
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14
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Das S, Maji S, Ruturaj, Bhattacharya I, Saha T, Naskar N, Gupta A. Retromer retrieves the Wilson disease protein ATP7B from endolysosomes in a copper-dependent manner. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs246819. [PMID: 33268466 PMCID: PMC7611186 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilson disease protein, ATP7B maintains copper (herein referring to the Cu+ ion) homeostasis in the liver. ATP7B traffics from trans-Golgi network to endolysosomes to export excess copper. Regulation of ATP7B trafficking to and from endolysosomes is not well understood. We investigated the fate of ATP7B after copper export. At high copper levels, ATP7B traffics primarily to acidic, active hydrolase (cathepsin-B)-positive endolysosomes and, upon subsequent copper chelation, returns to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). At high copper, ATP7B colocalizes with endolysosomal markers and with a core member of retromer complex, VPS35. Knocking down VPS35 did not abrogate the copper export function of ATP7B or its copper-responsive anterograde trafficking to vesicles; rather upon subsequent copper chelation, ATP7B failed to relocalize to the TGN, which was rescued by overexpressing wild-type VPS35. Overexpressing mutants of the retromer complex-associated proteins Rab7A and COMMD1 yielded a similar non-recycling phenotype of ATP7B. At high copper, VPS35 and ATP7B are juxtaposed on the same endolysosome and form a large complex that is stabilized by in vivo photoamino acid labeling and UV-crosslinking. We demonstrate that retromer regulates endolysosome to TGN trafficking of copper transporter ATP7B in a manner that is dependent upon intracellular copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Saptarshi Maji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Ruturaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Indira Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Tanusree Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Nabanita Naskar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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15
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Meggyesy PM, Masaldan S, Clatworthy SAS, Volitakis I, Eyckens DJ, Aston-Mourney K, Cater MA. Copper Ionophores as Novel Antiobesity Therapeutics. Molecules 2020; 25:E4957. [PMID: 33120881 PMCID: PMC7672559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic utility of the copper ionophore disulfiram was investigated in a diet-induced obesity mouse model (C57BL/6J background), both through administration in feed (0.05 to 1% (w/w)) and via oral gavage (150 mg/kg) for up to eight weeks. Mice were monitored for body weight, fat deposition (perigonadal fat pads), metabolic changes (e.g., glucose dyshomeostasis) and pathologies (e.g., hepatic steatosis, hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridemia) associated with a high-fat diet. Metal-related pharmacological effects across major organs and serums were investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Disulfiram treatments (all modes) augmented hepatic copper in mice, markedly moderated body weight and abolished the deleterious systemic changes associated with a high-fat diet. Likewise, another chemically distinct copper ionophore H2(gtsm), administered daily (oral gavage), also augmented hepatic copper and moderated mouse body weight. Postmortem histological examinations of the liver and other major organs, together with serum aminotransferases, supported the reported therapeutic safety of disulfiram. Disulfiram specifically altered systemic copper in mice and altered hepatic copper metabolism, perturbing the incorporation of copper into ceruloplasmin (holo-ceruloplasmin biosynthesis) and subsequently reducing serum copper concentrations. Serum ceruloplasmin represents a biomarker for disulfiram activity. Our results establish copper ionophores as a potential class of antiobesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Meggyesy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
| | - Shashank Masaldan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Sharnel A. S. Clatworthy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
| | - Irene Volitakis
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Daniel J. Eyckens
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia;
| | - Kathryn Aston-Mourney
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical~Translation, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Michael A. Cater
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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16
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Shanbhag VC, Gudekar N, Jasmer K, Papageorgiou C, Singh K, Petris MJ. Copper metabolism as a unique vulnerability in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118893. [PMID: 33091507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last 25 years have witnessed tremendous progress in identifying and characterizing proteins that regulate the uptake, intracellular trafficking and export of copper. Although dietary copper is required in trace amounts, sufficient quantities of this metal are needed to sustain growth and development in humans and other mammals. However, copper is also a rate-limiting nutrient for the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Oral copper chelators taken with food have been shown to confer anti-neoplastic and anti-metastatic benefits in animals and humans. Recent studies have begun to identify specific roles for copper in pathways of oncogenic signaling and resistance to anti-neoplastic drugs. Here, we review the general mechanisms of cellular copper homeostasis and discuss roles of copper in cancer progression, highlighting metabolic vulnerabilities that may be targetable in the development of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit C Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; The Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Nikita Gudekar
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; The Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Jasmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; The Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Christos Papageorgiou
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Kamal Singh
- The Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; The Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
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17
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McCann CJ, Jayakanthan S, Siotto M, Yang N, Osipova M, Squitti R, Lutsenko S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human ATP7B gene modify the properties of the ATP7B protein. Metallomics 2020; 11:1128-1139. [PMID: 31070637 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the largest source of sequence variation in the human genome. However, their functional significance is not well understood. We show that SNPs in the Wilson disease gene, ATP7B, that produce amino-acid substitutions K832R and R952K, modulate ATP7B properties in vitro and influence serum copper (Cu) status in vivo. The presence of R832 is associated with a lower ATP7B abundance and a diminished trafficking in response to elevated Cu. The K832R substitution alters surface exposure of amino acid residues in the actuator domain and increases its conformational flexibility. All SNP-related ATP7B variants (R832/R952, R832/K952, K832/K952, and K832/R952) have Cu-transport activity. However, the activity of ATP7B-K832/K952 is lower compared to other variants. In humans, the presence of K952 is associated with a higher fraction of exchangeable Cu in serum. Thus, SNPs may modulate the properties of ATP7B and the organism Cu status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J McCann
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Bhattacharjee A, Ghosh S, Chatterji A, Chakraborty K. Neuron-glia: understanding cellular copper homeostasis, its cross-talk and their contribution towards neurodegenerative diseases. Metallomics 2020; 12:1897-1911. [PMID: 33295934 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the mechanism of copper homeostasis in various organ systems has gained importance. This is owing to the involvement of copper in a wide range of genetic disorders, most of them involving neurological symptoms. This highlights the importance of copper and its tight regulation in a complex organ system like the brain. It demands understanding the mechanism of copper acquisition and delivery to various cell types overcoming the limitation imposed by the blood brain barrier. The present review aims to investigate the existing work to understand the mechanism and complexity of cellular copper homeostasis in the two major cell types of the CNS - the neurons and the astrocytes. It investigates the mechanism of copper uptake, incorporation and export by these cell types. Furthermore, it brings forth the common as well as the exclusive aspects of neuronal and glial copper homeostasis including the studies from copper-based sensors. Glia act as a mediator of copper supply between the endothelium and the neurons. They possess all the qualifications of acting as a 'copper-sponge' for supply to the neurons. The neurons, on the other hand, require copper for various essential functions like incorporation as a cofactor for enzymes, synaptogenesis, axonal extension, inhibition of postsynaptic excitotoxicity, etc. Lastly, we also aim to understand the neuronal and glial pathology in various copper homeostasis disorders. The etiology of glial pathology and its contribution towards neuronal pathology and vice versa underlies the complexity of the neuropathology associated with the copper metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhattacharjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India.
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19
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Monestier M, Pujol AM, Lamboux A, Cuillel M, Pignot-Paintrand I, Cassio D, Charbonnier P, Um K, Harel A, Bohic S, Gateau C, Balter V, Brun V, Delangle P, Mintz E. A liver-targeting Cu(i) chelator relocates Cu in hepatocytes and promotes Cu excretion in a murine model of Wilson's disease. Metallomics 2020; 12:1000-1008. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A hepatocyte-targeting chelator promotes Cu biliary excretion, hence restoring the physiological Cu detoxification pathway in a murine Wilson's disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Doris Cassio
- INSERM
- Univ. Paris Sud
- UMR U 1174
- F-91405 Orsay
- France
| | | | | | | | - Sylvain Bohic
- Inserm
- UA7
- Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine (STROBE)
- Grenoble
- France
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20
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Petruzzelli R, Polishchuk RS. Activity and Trafficking of Copper-Transporting ATPases in Tumor Development and Defense against Platinum-Based Drugs. Cells 2019; 8:E1080. [PMID: 31540259 PMCID: PMC6769697 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking pathways emanating from the Golgi regulate a wide range of cellular processes. One of these is the maintenance of copper (Cu) homeostasis operated by the Golgi-localized Cu-transporting ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B. At the Golgi, these proteins supply Cu to newly synthesized enzymes which use this metal as a cofactor to catalyze a number of vitally important biochemical reactions. However, in response to elevated Cu, the Golgi exports ATP7A/B to post-Golgi sites where they promote sequestration and efflux of excess Cu to limit its potential toxicity. Growing tumors actively consume Cu and employ ATP7A/B to regulate the availability of this metal for oncogenic enzymes such as LOX and LOX-like proteins, which confer higher invasiveness to malignant cells. Furthermore, ATP7A/B activity and trafficking allow tumor cells to detoxify platinum (Pt)-based drugs (like cisplatin), which are used for the chemotherapy of different solid tumors. Despite these noted activities of ATP7A/B that favor oncogenic processes, the mechanisms that regulate the expression and trafficking of Cu ATPases in malignant cells are far from being completely understood. This review summarizes current data on the role of ATP7A/B in the regulation of Cu and Pt metabolism in malignant cells and outlines questions and challenges that should be addressed to understand how ATP7A and ATP7B trafficking mechanisms might be targeted to counteract tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Petruzzelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
| | - Roman S Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
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21
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Kiran S, Khatik R, Schirhagl R. Smart probe for simultaneous detection of copper ion, pyrophosphate, and alkaline phosphatase in vitro and in clinical samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6475-6485. [PMID: 31375853 PMCID: PMC6718369 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD), which might lead to acute liver failure, is an inherited disorder characterized by accumulation of copper (Cu2+) in the brain, the liver, and other vital organs. In the clinic, decreased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration is used for WD diagnosis. But to the best of our knowledge, using a fluorescent probe to simultaneously detect multiple factors in WD (e.g., Cu2+, pyrophosphate (PPi), and ALP) has not been reported. Herein, we rationally designed a fluorescent switch (E)-8-((4-methylbenzylidene)amino)napthalen-1-amine (L) and successfully applied it for sequential and selective detections of Cu2+, PPi, and ALP in vitro, in living cells and synovial fluid samples with "Off," "On," and "Off" fluorescence signals, respectively. Considering the obvious correlations among Cu2+, PPi, and ALP in WD, we envision that our fluorescent probe L could be applied to in vitro diagnosing WD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kiran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, #96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Renuka Khatik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, #96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Polishchuk RS, Polishchuk EV. From and to the Golgi - defining the Wilson disease protein road map. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2341-2350. [PMID: 31408533 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the continued growth in the identification of a variety of cellular functions that involve the Golgi apparatus. Apart from well-known membrane sorting/trafficking and glycosylation machineries, the Golgi harbors molecular platforms operating in intracellular signaling, cytoskeleton organization, and protein quality control mechanisms. One of new emerging Golgi functions consists in the regulation of copper homeostasis by coordinating the relocation and activity of copper transporters. Of these, the Cu-transporting ATPase ATP7B (known as Wilson disease protein) plays a key role in the maintenance of the Cu balance in the body via the supply of essential Cu to the systemic circulation and via elimination of excess Cu into the bile. These activities require tightly regulated shuttling of ATP7B between the Golgi and different post-Golgi compartments. Despite significant progress over recent years, a number of issues regarding ATP7B trafficking remain to be clarified. This review summarizes current views on ATP7B trafficking pathways from and to the Golgi and underscores the challenges that should be addressed to define the ATP7B trafficking routes and mechanisms in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman S Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena V Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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23
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Overeem AW, Klappe K, Parisi S, Klöters-Planchy P, Mataković L, du Teil Espina M, Drouin CA, Weiss KH, van IJzendoorn SCD. Pluripotent stem cell-derived bile canaliculi-forming hepatocytes to study genetic liver diseases involving hepatocyte polarity. J Hepatol 2019; 71:344-356. [PMID: 30965071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocyte polarity is essential for the development of bile canaliculi and for safely transporting bile and waste products from the liver. Functional studies of autologous mutated proteins in the context of the polarized hepatocyte have been challenging because of the lack of appropriate cell models. The aims of this study were to obtain a patient-specific hepatocyte model that recapitulated hepatocyte polarity and to employ this model to study endogenous mutant proteins in liver diseases that involve hepatocyte polarity. METHODS Urine cell-derived pluripotent stem cells, taken from a patient with a homozygous mutation in ATP7B and a patient with a heterozygous mutation, were differentiated towards hepatocyte-like cells (hiHeps). HiHeps were also derived from a patient with MEDNIK syndrome. RESULTS Polarized hiHeps that formed in vivo-like bile canaliculi could be generated from embryonic and patient urine cell-derived pluripotent stem cells. HiHeps recapitulated polarized protein trafficking processes, exemplified by the Cu2+-induced redistribution of the copper transporter protein ATP7B to the bile canalicular domain. We demonstrated that, in contrast to the current dogma, the most frequent yet enigmatic Wilson disease-causing ATP7B-H1069Q mutation per se did not preclude trafficking of ATP7B to the trans-Golgi Network. Instead, it prevented its Cu2+-induced polarized redistribution to the bile canalicular domain, which could not be reversed by pharmacological folding chaperones. Finally, we demonstrate that hiHeps from a patient with MEDNIK syndrome, suffering from liver copper overload of unclear etiology, showed no defect in the Cu2+-induced redistribution of ATP7B to the bile canaliculi. CONCLUSIONS Functional cell polarity can be achieved in patient pluripotent stem cell-derived hiHeps, enabling, for the first time, the study of the endogenous mutant proteins, patient-specific pathogenesis and drug responses for diseases where hepatocyte polarity is a key factor. LAY SUMMARY This study demonstrates that cells that are isolated from urine can be reprogrammed in a dish towards hepatocytes that display architectural characteristics similar to those seen in the intact liver. The application of this methodology to cells from patients diagnosed with inherited copper metabolism-related liver diseases (that is, Wilson disease and MEDNIK syndrome) revealed unexpected and novel insights into patient mutation-specific disease mechanisms and drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arend W Overeem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Klappe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lavinija Mataković
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marines du Teil Espina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian A Drouin
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier du Grand Portage, Rivière du Loup, Québec, Canada
| | - Karl Heinz Weiss
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven C D van IJzendoorn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Hermann W. Classification and differential diagnosis of Wilson's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S63. [PMID: 31179300 PMCID: PMC6531651 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wilson's disease is characterized by hepatic and extrapyramidal movement disorders (EPS) with variable manifestation primarily between age 5 and 45. This variability often makes an early diagnosis difficult. A classification defines different clinical variants of Wilson's disease, which enables classifying the current clinical findings and making an early tentative diagnosis. Until the unequivocal proof or an autosomal recessive disorder of the hepatic copper transporter ATP7B has been ruled out, differential diagnoses have to be examined. Laboratory-chemical parameters of copper metabolism can both be deviations from the norm not related to the disease as well as other copper metabolism disorders besides Wilson's disease. In addition to known diseases such as Menkes disease, occipital horn syndrome (OHS), Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) and ceruloplasmin deficiency, recently discovered disorders are taken into account. These include MEDNIK syndrome, Huppke-Brendel syndrome and CCS chaperone deficiency. Another main focus is on differential diagnoses of childhood icterus correlated with age and anaemia as well as disorders of the extrapyramidal motor system. The Kayser-Fleischer ring (KFR) is qualified as classical ophthalmologic manifestation. The recently described manganese storage disease presents another rare metabolic disorder with symptoms similar to Wilson's disease. As this overview shows, Wilson's disease fits into a broad spectrum of internal and neurological disease patterns with icterus, anaemia and EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieland Hermann
- Department of Neurology, SRO AG Spital Langenthal, Langenthal, Switzerland
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25
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Doguer C, Ha JH, Collins JF. Intersection of Iron and Copper Metabolism in the Mammalian Intestine and Liver. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:1433-1461. [PMID: 30215866 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron and copper have similar physiochemical properties; thus, physiologically relevant interactions seem likely. Indeed, points of intersection between these two essential trace minerals have been recognized for many decades, but mechanistic details have been lacking. Investigations in recent years have revealed that copper may positively influence iron homeostasis, and also that iron may antagonize copper metabolism. For example, when body iron stores are low, copper is apparently redistributed to tissues important for regulating iron balance, including enterocytes of upper small bowel, the liver, and blood. Copper in enterocytes may positively influence iron transport, and hepatic copper may enhance biosynthesis of a circulating ferroxidase, ceruloplasmin, which potentiates iron release from stores. Moreover, many intestinal genes related to iron absorption are transactivated by a hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF2α), during iron deficiency. Interestingly, copper influences the DNA-binding activity of the HIF factors, thus further exemplifying how copper may modulate intestinal iron homeostasis. Copper may also alter the activity of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. Furthermore, copper depletion has been noted in iron-loading disorders, such as hereditary hemochromatosis. Copper depletion may also be caused by high-dose iron supplementation, raising concerns particularly in pregnancy when iron supplementation is widely recommended. This review will cover the basic physiology of intestinal iron and copper absorption as well as the metabolism of these minerals in the liver. Also considered in detail will be current experimental work in this field, with a focus on molecular aspects of intestinal and hepatic iron-copper interplay and how this relates to various disease states. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1433-1461, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Doguer
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Florida, Gainesville, USA.,Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Florida, Gainesville, USA.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University Note: Caglar Doguer and Jung-Heun Ha have contributed equally to this work., Gwangju, Korea
| | - James F Collins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Florida, Gainesville, USA
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26
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Reed E, Lutsenko S, Bandmann O. Animal models of Wilson disease. J Neurochem 2018; 146:356-373. [PMID: 29473169 PMCID: PMC6107386 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism manifesting with hepatic, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The limitations of the currently available therapy for WD (particularly in the management of neuropsychiatric disease), together with our limited understanding of key aspects of this illness (e.g. neurological vs. hepatic presentation) justify the ongoing need to study WD in suitable animal models. Four animal models of WD have been established: the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat, the toxic-milk mouse, the Atp7b knockout mouse and the Labrador retriever. The existing models of WD all show good similarity to human hepatic WD and have been helpful in developing an improved understanding of the human disease. As mammals, the mouse, rat and canine models also benefit from high homology to the human genome. However, important differences exist between these mammalian models and human disease, particularly the absence of a convincing neurological phenotype. This review will first provide an overview of our current knowledge of the orthologous genes encoding ATP7B and the closely related ATP7A protein in C. elegans, Drosophila and zebrafish (Danio rerio) and then summarise key characteristics of rodent and larger mammalian models of ATP7B-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Reed
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Oliver Bandmann
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Baltimore, USA
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27
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Berzina A, Martinsone I, Svirskis S, Murovska M, Kalis M. Curcumin Effect on Copper Transport in HepG2 Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:E14. [PMID: 30344245 PMCID: PMC6037243 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: In Wilson's disease, copper metabolism is impaired due to defective copper transporting protein ATP7B, resulting in copper accumulation in liver and brain and causing damage to liver and brain tissues. Published data suggest that one of the possible treatments for Wilson's disease is curcumin-a compound found in the root of Curcuma longa. In this study, we tested whether curcumin affects copper transport and excretion in HepG2 hepatocytes carrying wildtype ATP7B. Materials and Methods: We examined the impact of 5 µM and 25 µM curcumin on the transport of copper in HepG2 cells incubated with 20 µM and 100 µM CuCl₂, as well as copper excretion from cells. First, immunofluorescent staining and co-localization analysis were carried out in HepG2 cells using confocal laser scanning microscope and Nikon NIS Elements software. Second, a concentration of copper extracted into cell culture medium was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The analysis of the co-localization between Golgi complex and ATP7B revealed that both 5 µM and 25 µM doses of curcumin improve the ability of liver cells to transport copper to plasma membrane at 20 µM CuCl₂, but not at 100 µM CuCl₂ concentration. However, atomic absorption spectrometry showed that curcumin rather promotes copper absorption into liver cell line HepG2 than excretion of it. Conclusions: Curcumin accelerates the transport of copper within liver cells, but does not promote copper excretion from HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Berzina
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Inese Martinsone
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Simons Svirskis
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Modra Murovska
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Martins Kalis
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
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28
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Vest KE, Paskavitz AL, Lee JB, Padilla-Benavides T. Dynamic changes in copper homeostasis and post-transcriptional regulation of Atp7a during myogenic differentiation. Metallomics 2018; 10:309-322. [PMID: 29333545 PMCID: PMC5824686 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential metal required for activity of a number of redox active enzymes that participate in critical cellular pathways such as metabolism and cell signaling. Because it is also a toxic metal, Cu must be tightly controlled by a series of transporters and chaperone proteins that regulate Cu homeostasis. The critical nature of Cu is highlighted by the fact that mutations in Cu homeostasis genes cause pathologic conditions such as Menkes and Wilson diseases. While Cu homeostasis in highly affected tissues like the liver and brain is well understood, no study has probed the role of Cu in development of skeletal muscle, another tissue that often shows pathology in these conditions. Here, we found an increase in whole cell Cu content during differentiation of cultured immortalized or primary myoblasts derived from mouse satellite cells. We demonstrate that Cu is required for both proliferation and differentiation of primary myoblasts. We also show that a key Cu homeostasis gene, Atp7a, undergoes dynamic changes in expression during myogenic differentiation. Alternative polyadenylation and stability of Atp7a mRNA fluctuates with differentiation stage of the myoblasts, indicating post-transcriptional regulation of Atp7a that depends on the differentiation state. This is the first report of a requirement for Cu during myogenic differentiation and provides the basis for understanding the network of Cu transport associated with myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Vest
- Department of Biology , Emory University , 1510 Clifton Road , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA
| | - Amanda L. Paskavitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
| | - Joseph B. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
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29
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Pierson H, Muchenditsi A, Kim BE, Ralle M, Zachos N, Huster D, Lutsenko S. The Function of ATPase Copper Transporter ATP7B in Intestine. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:168-180.e5. [PMID: 28958857 PMCID: PMC5848507 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Wilson disease is a disorder of copper (Cu) misbalance caused by mutations in ATP7B. ATP7B is highly expressed in the liver-the major site of Cu accumulation in patients with Wilson disease. The intestine also expresses ATP7B, but little is known about the contribution of intestinal ATP7B to normal intestinal copper homeostasis or to Wilson disease manifestations. We characterized the role of ATP7B in mouse intestinal organoids and tissues. METHODS We collected intestinal tissues from ATP7B-knockout (Atp7b-/-) and control mice, and established 3-dimensional enteroids. Immunohistochemistry and x-ray fluorescence were used to characterize the distribution of ATP7B and Cu in tissues. Electron microscopy, histologic analyses, and immunoblotting were used to determine the effects of ATP7B loss. Enteroids derived from control and ATP7B-knockout mice were incubated with excess Cu or with Cu-chelating reagents; effects on cell fat content and ATP7B levels and localization were determined by fluorescent confocal microscopy. RESULTS ATP7B maintains a Cu gradient along the duodenal crypt-villus axis and buffers Cu levels in the cytosol of enterocytes. These functions are mediated by rapid Cu-dependent enlargement of ATP7B-containing vesicles and increased levels of ATP7B. Intestines of Atp7b-/- mice had reduced Cu storage pools in intestine, Cu depletion, accumulation of triglyceride-filled vesicles in enterocytes, mislocalization of apolipoprotein B, and loss of chylomicrons. In primary 3-dimensional enteroids, administration of excess Cu or Cu chelators impaired assembly of chylomicrons. CONCLUSIONS ATP7B regulates vesicular storage of Cu in mouse intestine. ATP7B buffers Cu levels in enterocytes to maintain a range necessary for formation of chylomicrons. Misbalance of Cu and lipid in the intestine could account for gastrointestinal manifestations of Wilson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pierson
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University – School of Medicine, USA
| | - Abigael Muchenditsi
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University – School of Medicine, USA
| | - Byung-Eun Kim
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, USA
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health Science University, USA
| | - Nicholas Zachos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Dominik Huster
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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30
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Yu CH, Yang N, Bothe J, Tonelli M, Nokhrin S, Dolgova NV, Braiterman L, Lutsenko S, Dmitriev OY. The metal chaperone Atox1 regulates the activity of the human copper transporter ATP7B by modulating domain dynamics. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18169-18177. [PMID: 28900031 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human transporter ATP7B delivers copper to the biosynthetic pathways and maintains copper homeostasis in the liver. Mutations in ATP7B cause the potentially fatal hepatoneurological disorder Wilson disease. The activity and intracellular localization of ATP7B are regulated by copper, but the molecular mechanism of this regulation is largely unknown. We show that the copper chaperone Atox1, which delivers copper to ATP7B, and the group of the first three metal-binding domains (MBD1-3) are central to the activity regulation of ATP7B. Atox1-Cu binding to ATP7B changes domain dynamics and interactions within the MBD1-3 group and activates ATP hydrolysis. To understand the mechanism linking Atox1-MBD interactions and enzyme activity, we have determined the MBD1-3 conformational space using small angle X-ray scattering and identified changes in MBD dynamics caused by apo-Atox1 and Atox1-Cu by solution NMR. The results show that copper transfer from Atox1 decreases domain interactions within the MBD1-3 group and increases the mobility of the individual domains. The N-terminal segment of MBD1-3 was found to interact with the nucleotide-binding domain of ATP7B, thus physically coupling the domains involved in copper binding and those involved in ATP hydrolysis. Taken together, the data suggest a regulatory mechanism in which Atox1-mediated copper transfer activates ATP7B by releasing inhibitory constraints through increased freedom of MBD1-3 motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey H Yu
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Nan Yang
- the Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Jameson Bothe
- the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Marco Tonelli
- the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Sergiy Nokhrin
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Lelita Braiterman
- the Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- the Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Oleg Y Dmitriev
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada,
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31
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Riera‐Romo M. COMMD1: A Multifunctional Regulatory Protein. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:34-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Riera‐Romo
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Marine SciencesHavanaCuba
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32
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Dirksen K, Spee B, Penning LC, van den Ingh TSGAM, Burgener IA, Watson AL, Groot Koerkamp M, Rothuizen J, van Steenbeek FG, Fieten H. Gene expression patterns in the progression of canine copper-associated chronic hepatitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176826. [PMID: 28459846 PMCID: PMC5411060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element, but can become toxic when present in abundance. The severe effects of copper-metabolism imbalance are illustrated by the inherited disorders Wilson disease and Menkes disease. The Labrador retriever dog breed is a novel non-rodent model for copper-storage disorders carrying mutations in genes known to be involved in copper transport. Besides disease initiation and progression of copper accumulation, the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in progression towards copper-associated chronic hepatitis still remain unclear. Using expression levels of targeted candidate genes as well as transcriptome micro-arrays in liver tissue of Labrador retrievers in different stages of copper-associated hepatitis, pathways involved in progression of the disease were studied. At the initial phase of increased hepatic copper levels, transcriptomic alterations in livers mainly revealed enrichment for cell adhesion, developmental, inflammatory, and cytoskeleton pathways. Upregulation of targeted MT1A and COMMD1 mRNA shows the liver's first response to rising intrahepatic copper concentrations. In livers with copper-associated hepatitis mainly an activation of inflammatory pathways is detected. Once the hepatitis is in the chronic stage, transcriptional differences are found in cell adhesion adaptations and cytoskeleton remodelling. In view of the high similarities in copper-associated hepatopathies between men and dog extrapolation of these dog data into human biomedicine seems feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dirksen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Iwan A. Burgener
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department für Kleintiere und Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Öhrvik H, Aaseth J, Horn N. Orchestration of dynamic copper navigation – new and missing pieces. Metallomics 2017; 9:1204-1229. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A general principle in all cells in the body is that an essential metal – here copper – is taken up at the plasma membrane, directed through cellular compartments for use in specific enzymes and pathways, stored in specific scavenging molecules if in surplus, and finally expelled from the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology
- Uppsala University
- Sweden
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
- Norway
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Abstract
When we were asked to produce articles for this volume, it seemed appropriate to us to co-author an article on the history and impact of copper research in Melbourne. It is appropriate because over many years, decades in fact, we worked closely together and with Professor David Danks to identify the molecular defect in Menkes disease. This work was always carried out with the intention of understanding the nature of the copper homeostatic mechanisms and a "copper pathway" in the cell, that David had the prescience to predict must exist despite scepticism from granting agencies! He indeed inspired us to pursue research careers in this field. This article outlines some of this history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian F B Mercer
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Australia.
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35
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Greenough MA, Ramírez Munoz A, Bush AI, Opazo CM. Metallo-pathways to Alzheimer's disease: lessons from genetic disorders of copper trafficking. Metallomics 2016; 8:831-9. [PMID: 27397642 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal ion that provides catalytic function to numerous enzymes and also regulates neurotransmission and intracellular signaling. Conversely, a deficiency or excess of copper can cause chronic disease in humans. Menkes and Wilson disease are two rare heritable disorders of copper transport that are characterized by copper deficiency and copper overload, respectively. Changes to copper status are also a common feature of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the case of AD, which is characterized by brain copper depletion, changes in the distribution of copper has been linked with various aspects of the disease process; protein aggregation, defective protein degradation, oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although AD is a multifactorial disease that is likely caused by a breakdown in multiple cellular pathways, copper and other metal ions such as iron and zinc play a central role in many of these cellular processes. Pioneering work by researchers who have studied relatively rare copper transport diseases has shed light on potential metal ion related disease mechanisms in other forms of neurodegeneration such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Greenough
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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36
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Polishchuk EV, Polishchuk RS. The emerging role of lysosomes in copper homeostasis. Metallomics 2016; 8:853-62. [PMID: 27339113 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00058d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal system operates as a focal point where a number of important physiological processes such as endocytosis, autophagy and nutrient sensing converge. One of the key functions of lysosomes consists of regulating the metabolism/homeostasis of metals. Metal-containing components are carried to the lysosome through incoming membrane flows, while numerous transporters allow metal ions to move across the lysosome membrane. These properties enable lysosomes to direct metal fluxes to the sites where metal ions are either used by cellular components or sequestered. Copper belongs to a group of metals that are essential for the activity of vitally important enzymes, although it is toxic when in excess. Thus, copper uptake, supply and intracellular compartmentalization have to be tightly regulated. An increasing number of publications have indicated that these processes involve lysosomes. Here we review studies that reveal the expanding role of the lysosomal system as a hub for the control of Cu homeostasis and for the regulation of key Cu-dependent processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA), 80078, Italy.
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Park KC, Fouani L, Jansson PJ, Wooi D, Sahni S, Lane DJR, Palanimuthu D, Lok HC, Kovačević Z, Huang MLH, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR. Copper and conquer: copper complexes of di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones as novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Metallomics 2016; 8:874-86. [PMID: 27334916 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00105j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace metal required by organisms to perform a number of important biological processes. Copper readily cycles between its reduced Cu(i) and oxidised Cu(ii) states, which makes it redox active in biological systems. This redox-cycling propensity is vital for copper to act as a catalytic co-factor in enzymes. While copper is essential for normal physiology, enhanced copper levels in tumours leads to cancer progression. In particular, the stimulatory effect of copper on angiogenesis has been established in the last several decades. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that copper affects tumour growth and promotes metastasis. Based on the effects of copper on cancer progression, chelators that bind copper have been developed as anti-cancer agents. In fact, a novel class of thiosemicarbazone compounds, namely the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones that bind copper, have shown great promise in terms of their anti-cancer activity. These agents have a unique mechanism of action, in which they form redox-active complexes with copper in the lysosomes of cancer cells. Furthermore, these agents are able to overcome P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR) and act as potent anti-oncogenic agents through their ability to up-regulate the metastasis suppressor protein, N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1). This review provides an overview of the metabolism and regulation of copper in normal physiology, followed by a discussion of the dysregulation of copper homeostasis in cancer and the effects of copper on cancer progression. Finally, recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of anti-cancer agents targeting copper are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Early Application of Auxiliary Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Murine Model of Wilson Disease. Transplantation 2016; 99:2317-24. [PMID: 26018347 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation (LT) is the only option of treatment for Wilson disease (WD) when chelation therapy fails, but it is limited due to the shortage of donor. Auxiliary partial orthotopic LT (APOLT) has been performed successfully in end-stage WD patients, which expands the donor pool. METHODS Atp7bmice were used as experimental model of WD. Eight- and 20-week-old mice were used as different timepoints to perform APOLT. Serum copper, tissue copper, serum ceruloplasmin (CP), and liver histological examination were observed after operation. RESULTS Hepatic and serum copper levels in Atp7b mice decreased after APOLT, and copper metabolism disorder of WD mice was relieved at both early and late stages. The progression of pathology in the native liver was delayed only when transplantation was performed at an early stage. CONCLUSIONS Auxiliary partial orthotopic LT can significantly improve copper metabolism disorder in the Atp7b mice, and early transplantation may prevent the disease progression.
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Gupta A, Schell MJ, Bhattacharjee A, Lutsenko S, Hubbard AL. Myosin Vb mediates Cu+ export in polarized hepatocytes. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1179-89. [PMID: 26823605 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.175307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular machinery responsible for Cu(+)-stimulated delivery of the Wilson-disease-associated protein ATP7B to the apical domain of hepatocytes is poorly understood. We demonstrate that myosin Vb regulates the Cu(+)-stimulated delivery of ATP7B to the apical domain of polarized hepatic cells, and that disruption of the ATP7B-myosin Vb interaction reduces the apical surface expression of ATP7B. Overexpression of the myosin Vb tail, which competes for binding of subapical cargos to myosin Vb bound to subapical actin, disrupted the surface expression of ATP7B, leading to reduced cellular Cu(+) export. The myosin-Vb-dependent targeting step occurred in parallel with hepatocyte-like polarity. If the myosin Vb tail was expressed acutely in cells just prior to the establishment of polarity, it appeared as part of an intracellular apical compartment, centered on γ-tubulin. ATP7B became selectively arrested in this compartment at high [Cu(+)] in the presence of myosin Vb tail, suggesting that these compartments are precursors of donor-acceptor transfer stations for apically targeted cargos of myosin Vb. Our data suggest that reduced hepatic Cu(+) clearance in idiopathic non-Wilsonian types of disease might be associated with the loss of function of myosin Vb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Gupta
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Schell
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ann L Hubbard
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Lalioti V, Peiró R, Pérez-Berlanga M, Tsuchiya Y, Muñoz A, Villalba T, Sanchez C, Sandoval IV. Basolateral sorting and transcytosis define the Cu+-regulated translocation of ATP7B to the bile canaliculus. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2190-201. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.184663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cu+ pump ATP7B plays an irreplaceable role in the elimination of excess Cu+ by the hepatocyte into the bile. The traffic and site of ATP7B action is a subject of controversy. One current proposal is that an increase in intracellular Cu+ results in the translocation of ATP7B to the lysosomes and excretion of excess Cu+ by lysosomal mediated exocytosis at the bile canaliculus. Here we show that ATP7B is transported from the trans-Golgi network to the bile canaliculus by basolateral sorting and endocytosis, and microtubule mediated transcytosis through the subapical compartment. Trafficking ATP7B is not incorporated into lysosomes and addition of Cu+ does not cause relocalization of lysosomes and the appearance of lysosome markers in the bile canaliculus. Our data describes the pathway of the Cu+-mediated transport of ATP7B from the TGN to the bile canaliculus and indicates that the bile canaliculus is the prime site of ATP7B action in the elimination of excess Cu+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lalioti
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Peiró
- Genomics and Massive Sequencing, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Pérez-Berlanga
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yo Tsuchiya
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Muñoz
- Optical and Confocal Microscopy, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Villalba
- Optical and Confocal Microscopy, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanchez
- Optical and Confocal Microscopy, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio V. Sandoval
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Denoyer D, Masaldan S, La Fontaine S, Cater MA. Targeting copper in cancer therapy: 'Copper That Cancer'. Metallomics 2015; 7:1459-76. [PMID: 26313539 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00149h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient involved in fundamental life processes that are conserved throughout all forms of life. The ability of copper to catalyze oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, which can inadvertently lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), necessitates the tight homeostatic regulation of copper within the body. Many cancer types exhibit increased intratumoral copper and/or altered systemic copper distribution. The realization that copper serves as a limiting factor for multiple aspects of tumor progression, including growth, angiogenesis and metastasis, has prompted the development of copper-specific chelators as therapies to inhibit these processes. Another therapeutic approach utilizes specific ionophores that deliver copper to cells to increase intracellular copper levels. The therapeutic window between normal and cancerous cells when intracellular copper is forcibly increased, is the premise for the development of copper-ionophores endowed with anticancer properties. Also under investigation is the use of copper to replace platinum in coordination complexes currently used as mainstream chemotherapies. In comparison to platinum-based drugs, these promising copper coordination complexes may be more potent anticancer agents, with reduced toxicity toward normal cells and they may potentially circumvent the chemoresistance associated with recurrent platinum treatment. In addition, cancerous cells can adapt their copper homeostatic mechanisms to acquire resistance to conventional platinum-based drugs and certain copper coordination complexes can re-sensitize cancer cells to these drugs. This review will outline the biological importance of copper and copper homeostasis in mammalian cells, followed by a discussion of our current understanding of copper dysregulation in cancer, and the recent therapeutic advances using copper coordination complexes as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Denoyer
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
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Zhu M, Dong Y, Ni W, Wu ZY. Defective roles of ATP7B missense mutations in cellular copper tolerance and copper excretion. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 67:31-6. [PMID: 26032686 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is a hereditary disorder of copper metabolism resulting from mutations within ATP7B. Clinical investigations showed that ATP7B missense mutations cause a wide variety of symptoms in WD patients, which implies that those mutations might affect ATP7B function in a number of ways and each would have deleterious consequences on normal copper distribution and lead to WD. Nonetheless, it is still unknown about the influences of those mutations on ATP7B function of increasing copper excretion and enhancing cellular copper tolerance. Here we established the stable expression cell lines of wild-type (WT) ATP7B and its four missense mutants (R778L, R919G, T935M and P992L), tested cellular copper tolerance and copper excretion using those cell lines, and also observed cellular distribution of WT ATP7B proteins and those mutants in transiently transfected cells. We found that extrinsic expressing WT ATP7B reduced CuCl2-induced copper accumulation and enhanced cellular copper tolerance by accelerating copper excretion, which was selectively compromised by R778L and P992L mutations. Further investigation showed that R778L mutation disrupted the subcellular localization and trafficking of ATP7B proteins, whereas P992L mutation only affected the trafficking of ATP7B. This indicates that ATP7B missense mutants have distinct effects on cellular copper tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Ni
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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43
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Antony Jesu Prabhu P, Kaushik SJ, Mariojouls C, Surget A, Fontagné-Dicharry S, Schrama JW, Geurden I. Comparison of endogenous loss and maintenance need for minerals in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed fishmeal or plant ingredient-based diets. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:243-253. [PMID: 25500770 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-0020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mineral needs as affected by changes in dietary protein and oil sources were studied in rainbow trout. Duplicate groups (n = 30 fish per replicate) of rainbow trout (initial BW: 37 g) were fed either a fish meal/fish oil-based (M) or a complete plant ingredient (V)-based diet at four graded ration (R) levels [apparent satiation (AS), R75, R50 and R25 % of AS]; one treatment group was maintained under starvation. The feeding trial lasted 12 weeks at a water temperature of 17 °C. Dietary intake, apparent digestibility and initial and final whole-body composition data were used to calculate mineral gain which was regressed against digestible mineral intake (both expressed as mg or µg kg(-0.8) day(-1)). Starvation loss (SL), endogenous loss of fed fish (ELF, y-intercept at x = 0) and point of intake for zero balance (PZB, x-intercept at y = 0) were used as estimates of maintenance requirements. SL provided the lowest estimate, ELF provided the net requirement of a mineral for maintenance and PZB provided the digestible dietary intake required to meet maintenance (SL < ELF < PZB). Dietary ingredient composition did not significantly affect the digestible mineral supply required for maintenance (PZB) for any of the minerals (P, Mg, K, Cu and Zn) studied. However, ELF of micro-minerals such as Cu and Zn were significantly affected. The ELF of Cu was significantly lower and that of Zn was significantly higher in V group compared with M-fed fish. Further studies on the effects of such changes in dietary formulations on micro-mineral metabolism are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Antony Jesu Prabhu
- INRA, UR 1067, Nutrition, Metabolism and Aquaculture (NuMeA), Aquapôle, 64310, Saint-Pee-Sur-Nivelle, France
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Ahuja A, Dev K, Tanwar RS, Selwal KK, Tyagi PK. Copper mediated neurological disorder: visions into amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer and Menkes disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:11-23. [PMID: 24975171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital redox dynamic metal that is possibly poisonous in superfluous. Metals can traditionally or intricately cause propagation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accretion in cells and this may effect in programmed cell death. Accumulation of Cu causes necrosis that looks to be facilitated by DNA damage, followed by activation of P53. Cu dyshomeostasis has also been concerned in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Menkes disease and is directly related to neurodegenerative syndrome that usually produces senile dementia. These mortal syndromes are closely related with an immense damage of neurons and synaptic failure in the brain. This review focuses on copper mediated neurological disorders with insights into amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer and Menkes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anami Ahuja
- Department of Biotechnology, NIMS University, Jaipur, India.
| | - Kapil Dev
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University of Charles, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ranjeet S Tanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, N.C. College of Engineering, Israna, India
| | - Krishan K Selwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, India
| | - Pankaj K Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, India
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45
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Favier RP, Spee B, Fieten H, van den Ingh TSGAM, Schotanus BA, Brinkhof B, Rothuizen J, Penning LC. Aberrant expression of copper associated genes after copper accumulation in COMMD1-deficient dogs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:347-53. [PMID: 25053573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COMMD1-deficient dogs progressively develop copper-induced chronic hepatitis. Since high copper leads to oxidative damage, we measured copper metabolism and oxidative stress related gene products during development of the disease. METHODS Five COMMD1-deficient dogs were studied from 6 months of age over a period of five years. Every 6 months blood was analysed and liver biopsies were taken for routine histological evaluation (grading of hepatitis), rubeanic acid copper staining and quantitative copper analysis. Expression of genes involved in copper metabolism (COX17, CCS, ATOX1, MT1A, CP, ATP7A, ATP7B, ) and oxidative stress (SOD1, catalase, GPX1 ) was measured by qPCR. Due to a sudden death of two animals, the remaining three dogs were treated with d-penicillamine from 43 months of age till the end of the study. Presented data for time points 48, 54, and 60 months was descriptive only. RESULTS A progressive trend from slight to marked hepatitis was observed at histology, which was clearly preceded by an increase in semi-quantitative copper levels starting at 12 months until 42 months of age. During the progression of hepatitis most gene products measured were transiently increased. Most prominent was the rapid increase in the copper binding gene product MT1A mRNA levels. This was followed by a transient increase in ATP7A and ATP7B mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS In the sequence of events, copper accumulation induced progressive hepatitis followed by a transient increase in gene products associated with intracellular copper trafficking and temporal activation of anti-oxidative stress mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Favier
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Baukje A Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Brinkhof
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jain S, Farías GG, Bonifacino JS. Polarized sorting of the copper transporter ATP7B in neurons mediated by recognition of a dileucine signal by AP-1. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:218-28. [PMID: 25378584 PMCID: PMC4294670 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-07-1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of dileucine signals by AP-1 mediates somatodendritic sorting of the copper transporter ATP7B and the SNARE VAMP4 in hippocampal neurons, establishing AP-1 as a global regulator of polarized sorting and contributing to the understanding of neuronal copper metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions. Neurons are highly polarized cells having distinct somatodendritic and axonal domains. Here we report that polarized sorting of the Cu2+ transporter ATP7B and the vesicle-SNARE VAMP4 to the somatodendritic domain of rat hippocampal neurons is mediated by recognition of dileucine-based signals in the cytosolic domains of the proteins by the σ1 subunit of the clathrin adaptor AP-1. Under basal Cu2+ conditions, ATP7B was localized to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane of the soma and dendrites but not the axon. Mutation of a dileucine-based signal in ATP7B or overexpression of a dominant-negative σ1 mutant resulted in nonpolarized distribution of ATP7B between the somatodendritic and axonal domains. Furthermore, addition of high Cu2+ concentrations, previously shown to reduce ATP7B incorporation into AP-1–containing clathrin-coated vesicles, caused loss of TGN localization and somatodendritic polarity of ATP7B. These findings support the notion of AP-1 as an effector of polarized sorting in neurons and suggest that altered polarity of ATP7B in polarized cell types might contribute to abnormal copper metabolism in the MEDNIK syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder caused by mutations in the σ1A subunit isoform of AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jain
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ginny G Farías
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Lenartowicz M, Kennedy C, Hayes H, McArdle HJ. Transcriptional regulation of copper metabolism genes in the liver of fetal and neonatal control and iron-deficient rats. Biometals 2014; 28:51-9. [PMID: 25349135 PMCID: PMC4300417 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper and iron metabolism have been known to interact for many years. We have previously shown, during pregnancy, that copper levels in the maternal liver rise as a consequence of iron deficiency, but that levels in the fetal liver decrease. In this paper, we measure expression of genes involved in copper metabolism in fetal and postnatal liver, to test whether alterations can explain this observation. Additionally, we study the extent to which gene expression changes in the latter stages of pregnancy and in the perinatal period. Ctr1 expression levels dropped to term, rising again thereafter. There was no difference in gene expression between control and iron deficient animals. Atox1 expression remained approximately stable until term, and then there was a rise to a maximum at about Day 8. Atp7a expression levels remained constant, except for a brief drop at term. Atp7b levels, in contrast, decreased from a maximum early in gestation to low levels in the term and post-natal livers. Ceruloplasmin expression appeared to be diametrically opposite to Atp7b. The other two metallochaperones showed the same pattern of expression as Atox1, with a decrease to term, a rise at Day 1, or a rise after birth followed by a brief decrease at about Day 3. None of the genes were significantly affected by iron deficiency, suggesting that changes in expression cannot explain the altered copper levels in the fetal and neonatal liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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48
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Lalioti V, Hernandez-Tiedra S, Sandoval IV. DKWSLLL, a versatile DXXXLL-type signal with distinct roles in the Cu(+)-regulated trafficking of ATP7B. Traffic 2014; 15:839-60. [PMID: 24831241 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the liver, the P-type ATPase and membrane pump ATP7B plays a crucial role in Cu(+) donation to cuproenzymes and in the elimination of excess Cu(+). ATP7B is endowed with a COOH-cytoplasmic (DE)XXXLL-type traffic signal. We find that accessory (Lys -3, Trp -2, Ser -1 and Leu +2) and canonical (D -4, Leu 0 and Leu +1) residues confer the DKWSLLL signal with the versatility required for the Cu(+)-regulated cycling of ATP7B between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane (PM). The separate mutation of these residues caused a disruption of the signal, resulting in different ATP7B distribution phenotypes. These phenotypes indicate the key roles of specific residues at separate steps of ATP7B trafficking, including sorting at the TGN, transport from the TGN to the PM and its endocytosis, and recycling to the TGN and PM. The distinct roles of ATP7B in the TGN and PM and the variety of phenotypes caused by the mutation of the canonical and accessory residues of the DKWSLLL signal can explain the separate or joined presentation of Wilson's cuprotoxicosis and the dysfunction of the cuproenzymes that accept Cu(+) at the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lalioti
- Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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49
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Polishchuk EV, Concilli M, Iacobacci S, Chesi G, Pastore N, Piccolo P, Paladino S, Baldantoni D, van IJzendoorn SCD, Chan J, Chang CJ, Amoresano A, Pane F, Pucci P, Tarallo A, Parenti G, Brunetti-Pierri N, Settembre C, Ballabio A, Polishchuk RS. Wilson disease protein ATP7B utilizes lysosomal exocytosis to maintain copper homeostasis. Dev Cell 2014; 29:686-700. [PMID: 24909901 PMCID: PMC4070386 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential yet toxic metal and its overload causes Wilson disease, a disorder due to mutations in copper transporter ATP7B. To remove excess copper into the bile, ATP7B traffics toward canalicular area of hepatocytes. However, the trafficking mechanisms of ATP7B remain elusive. Here, we show that, in response to elevated copper, ATP7B moves from the Golgi to lysosomes and imports metal into their lumen. ATP7B enables lysosomes to undergo exocytosis through the interaction with p62 subunit of dynactin that allows lysosome translocation toward the canalicular pole of hepatocytes. Activation of lysosomal exocytosis stimulates copper clearance from the hepatocytes and rescues the most frequent Wilson-disease-causing ATP7B mutant to the appropriate functional site. Our findings indicate that lysosomes serve as an important intermediate in ATP7B trafficking, whereas lysosomal exocytosis operates as an integral process in copper excretion and hence can be targeted for therapeutic approaches to combat Wilson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mafalda Concilli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Simona Iacobacci
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Chesi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Nunzia Pastore
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pasquale Piccolo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples 80125, Italy
| | | | - Sven C D van IJzendoorn
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, the Netherlands
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Francesca Pane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Piero Pucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Antonietta Tarallo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational and Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational and Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational and Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples 80125, Italy; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, TIGEM, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational and Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples 80125, Italy; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roman S Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy.
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Chandhok G, Schmitt N, Sauer V, Aggarwal A, Bhatt M, Schmidt HHJ. The effect of zinc and D-penicillamine in a stable human hepatoma ATP7B knockout cell line. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98809. [PMID: 24892424 PMCID: PMC4044041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the copper (Cu) transporter gene ATP7B, the primary cause of Wilson disease (WD), result in high liver Cu and death of hepatocytes. Cu chelators and zinc salts are the two most important drugs used in the treatment of WD patients; however, the molecular mechanisms of the drugs with regard to ATP7B expression have not been determined. A targeted knockout of ATP7B (KO) was established in the most widely used human hepatoma cell line, HepG2 for molecular studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease. KO cells showed similar growth, Cu uptake, release, and gene expression as compared to parental cells. However, in the presence of Cu, morphological changes, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and loss of viability were observed. Induction of metallothionein (MT1X) after Cu exposure was significantly reduced in KO cells. Following zinc treatment, MT1X expression was strongly induced and a high percentage of KO cells could be rescued from Cu induced toxicity. D-penicillamine treatment had a minor effect on the viability of KO cells whereas the parental cell line showed a pronounced improvement. Combined treatment displayed a highly synergistic effect in KO cells. The data suggest that zinc has a previously unrecognized effect on the viability of hepatocytes that lack ATP7B due to a high induction of MT1X expression that compensates low gene expression after Cu exposure. A combination therapy that simultaneously targets at MT1X induction and Cu chelation improves the overall survival of hepatocytes for most efficient therapy of patients having WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursimran Chandhok
- Clinic for Transplantation Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
- Wilson Disease Clinic, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nadine Schmitt
- Clinic for Transplantation Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Vanessa Sauer
- Clinic for Transplantation Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Annu Aggarwal
- Wilson Disease Clinic, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Mohit Bhatt
- Wilson Disease Clinic, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Hartmut H. J. Schmidt
- Clinic for Transplantation Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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