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Wu Y, Xiao M, Chen J, Tao Y, Chen A, Lin H, Xu Y, Li L, Jia H, Xue Y, Jia Y, Zheng Z. Association of dietary iron intake with diabetic kidney disease among individuals with diabetes. Endocrine 2024; 85:1154-1161. [PMID: 38758293 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study investigated the correlation between dietary iron intake and diabetic kidney disease among diabetic adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 8118 participants who suffered from diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. Dietary iron intake was obtained from 24 h recall interviews, and diabetic kidney disease was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30 mg/g. Three weighted logistic regression models were utilized to investigate odd ratio (OR) and 95% CIs for diabetic kidney disease. Stratified analyses were performed by gender, age, BMI, HbA1c, hypertension status, and smoking status, and diabetes types. RESULTS Among 8118 participants (51.6% male, mean age 61.3 years), 40.7% of participants suffered from diabetic kidney disease. With the adjustment of potential covariates, we found that ≥ 12.59 mg of dietary iron was related to a lower risk of diabetic kidney disease (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.96; OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.98). In stratified analyses, higher iron intake was negatively related to diabetic kidney disease, especially among those who were male, < 60 years, those with hypertension, those with HbA1c < 7.0%, and those who were ex-smokers. The result remained robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION We found that ≥ 12.59 mg of dietary iron is associated with a lower risk of diabetic kidney disease, especially in those who were male, younger, heavier weight, have better blood sugar control, and those who were ex-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- De Feng Academy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manlu Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- De Feng Academy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aomiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- De Feng Academy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanjia Lin
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- De Feng Academy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- De Feng Academy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linna Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Jia
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yijie Jia
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- De Feng Academy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zongji Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- De Feng Academy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Zheng Y, Du Y, Zhang H, Lv H, Yan Z, Dong N, Li Q, Wang T. Research Progress in Estrogen-related Receptor Gamma (ERRγ) Agonists and Inverse Agonists. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3653-3667. [PMID: 37202889 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230518140631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ), one of three members of the ERR family, is an inducible transcription factor. ERRγ has dual functions in different tissues. The decreased expression of ERRγ in the brain, stomach, prostate, and fat cells can cause neuropsychological dysfunction, gastric cancer, prostate cancer, and obesity. However, when ERRγ is present in the liver, pancreas, and thyroid follicular cells, ERRγ overexpression is related to liver cancer, type II diabetes, oxidative liver injury, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Signaling pathway studies have confirmed that ERRγ agonists or inverse agonists can regulate ERRγ expression to treat related diseases. The collision between residue Phe435 and the modulator is a key factor determining the activation or inhibition of ERRγ. Although more than 20 agonists and inverse agonists of ERRγ have been reported, no clinical studies have been found in the literature. This review summarizes the important relationship between ERRγ-related signaling pathways and diseases, research progress, and the structure-activity relationship of modulators. These findings provide guidance for further study on new ERRγ modulators.
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Grants
- 81872744,81873399,81901399,81872744,81973399,81901399,81872744,81973399,81901399 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81973399,81901399,81872744,81973399,81901399,81872744,81973399,81901399,81872744 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zheng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Da Xue Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Da Xue Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Da Xue Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Huiting Lv
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Da Xue Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zhijia Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Da Xue Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Ning Dong
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Da Xue Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 108 Luxiang Road, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 108 Luxiang Road, Shanghai 201907, China
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D’Andrea P, Giampieri F, Battino M. Nutritional Modulation of Hepcidin in the Treatment of Various Anemic States. Nutrients 2023; 15:5081. [PMID: 38140340 PMCID: PMC10745534 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty years after its discovery, hepcidin is still considered the main regulator of iron homeostasis in humans. The increase in hepcidin expression drastically blocks the flow of iron, which can come from one's diet, from iron stores, and from erythrophagocytosis. Many anemic conditions are caused by non-physiologic increases in hepcidin. The sequestration of iron in the intestine and in other tissues poses worrying premises in view of discoveries about the mechanisms of ferroptosis. The nutritional treatment of these anemic states cannot ignore the nutritional modulation of hepcidin, in addition to the bioavailability of iron. This work aims to describe and summarize the few findings about the role of hepcidin in anemic diseases and ferroptosis, as well as the modulation of hepcidin levels by diet and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia D’Andrea
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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4
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Yuxiong W, Faping L, Bin L, Yanghe Z, Yao L, Yunkuo L, Yishu W, Honglan Z. Regulatory mechanisms of the cAMP-responsive element binding protein 3 (CREB3) family in cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115335. [PMID: 37595431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The CREB3 family of proteins, encompassing CREB3 and its four homologs (CREB3L1, CREB3L2, CREB3L3, and CREB3L4), exerts pivotal control over cellular protein metabolism in response to unfolded protein reactions. Under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of the CREB3 family occurs through regulated intramembrane proteolysis within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Perturbations in the function and expression of the CREB3 family have been closely associated with the development of diverse diseases, with a particular emphasis on cancer. Recent investigations have shed light on the indispensable role played by CREB3 family members in modulating the onset and progression of various human cancers. This comprehensive review endeavors to provide an in-depth examination of the involvement of CREB3 family members in distinct human cancer types, accentuating their significance in the pathogenesis of cancer and the manifestation of malignant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yuxiong
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Li Faping
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Liu Bin
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Zhang Yanghe
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Li Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Li Yunkuo
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Wang Yishu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China.
| | - Zhou Honglan
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China,.
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Ouni M, Eichelmann F, Jähnert M, Krause C, Saussenthaler S, Ott C, Gottmann P, Speckmann T, Huypens P, Wolter S, Mann O, De Angelis MH, Beckers J, Kirchner H, Schulze MB, Schürmann A. Differences in DNA methylation of HAMP in blood cells predicts the development of type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101774. [PMID: 37429525 PMCID: PMC10422014 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Better disease management can be achieved with earlier detection through robust, sensitive, and easily accessible biomarkers. The aim of the current study was to identify novel epigenetic biomarkers determining the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Livers of 10-week-old female New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice, slightly differing in their degree of hyperglycemia and liver fat content and thereby in their diabetes susceptibility were used for expression and methylation profiling. We screened for differences in hepatic expression and DNA methylation in diabetes-prone and -resistant mice, and verified a candidate (HAMP) in human livers and blood cells. Hamp expression was manipulated in primary hepatocytes and insulin-stimulated pAKT was detected. Luciferase reporter assays were conducted in a murine liver cell line to test the impact of DNA methylation on promoter activity. RESULTS In livers of NZO mice, the overlap of methylome and transcriptome analyses revealed a potential transcriptional dysregulation of 12 hepatokines. The strongest effect with a 52% decreased expression in livers of diabetes-prone mice was detected for the Hamp gene, mediated by elevated DNA methylation of two CpG sites located in the promoter. Hamp encodes the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, which had a lower abundance in the livers of mice prone to developing diabetes. Suppression of Hamp reduces the levels of pAKT in insulin-treated hepatocytes. In liver biopsies of obese insulin-resistant women, HAMP expression was significantly downregulated along with increased DNA methylation of a homologous CpG site. In blood cells of incident T2D cases from the prospective EPIC-Potsdam cohort, higher DNA methylation of two CpG sites was related to increased risk of incident diabetes. CONCLUSIONS We identified epigenetic changes in the HAMP gene which may be used as an early marker preceding T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Ouni
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Eichelmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christin Krause
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Human Genetics, Section Epigenetics & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sophie Saussenthaler
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Huypens
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolter
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé De Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Henriette Kirchner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Human Genetics, Section Epigenetics & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Vecchi C, Montosi G, Garuti C, Canali S, Sabelli M, Bergamini E, Ricci A, Buzzetti E, Corradini E, Pietrangelo A. CREB-H is a stress-regulator of hepcidin gene expression during early postnatal development. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1113-1124. [PMID: 37493829 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin, the hepatic iron hormone, is the central regulator of iron homeostasis. Cyclic AMP-Responsive Element-Binding protein 3-like 3 (CREB3L3/CREB-H) is a liver homeostatic regulator of essential nutrients (i.e. glucose and lipids) and has been previously involved in hepcidin response to pathologic stress signals. Here, we asked whether CREB-H has also a physiologic role in iron homeostasis through hepcidin. To this end, we analyzed hepcidin gene expression and regulation in the liver of wild type and Creb3l3 knockout mice during early postnatal development, as a model of "physiologic" stressful condition. The effect of iron challenge in vivo and BMP6 stimulation in vitro have been also addressed. In addition, we investigated the BMP signaling pathway and hepcidin promoter activity following CREB3L3 silencing and hepcidin promoter mutation in HepG2 cells. Creb3l3 knockout suckling and young-adult mice showed a prominent serum and hepatic iron accumulation, respectively, due to impaired hepcidin mRNA expression which progressively returned to normal level in adult mice. Interestingly, upon iron challenge, while the upstream BMP/SMAD signaling pathway controlling hepcidin was equally responsive in both strains, hepcidin gene expression was impaired in knockout mice and more iron accumulated in the liver. Accordingly, hepcidin gene response to BMP6 was blunted in primary CREB-H knockout hepatocytes and in HepG2 cells transfected with CREB-H siRNA or carrying a hepcidin promoter mutated in the CREB-H binding site. In conclusion, CREB-H has a role in maintaining the homeostatic balance of iron traffic through hepcidin during the critical postnatal period and in response to iron challenge. KEY MESSAGES: CREB-H KO mice develop liver iron overload shortly after weaning that normalizes in adulthood. CHEB-H is involved in hepcidin gene response to oral iron in vivo. CREB-H loss hampers hepcidin promoter response to BMP6. CREB-H is a key stress-sensor controlling hepcidin gene transcription in physiologic and pathophysiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vecchi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Montosi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Garuti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Susanna Canali
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Sabelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Bergamini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Buzzetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Corradini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonello Pietrangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
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Hilton C, Sabaratnam R, Drakesmith H, Karpe F. Iron, glucose and fat metabolism and obesity: an intertwined relationship. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:554-563. [PMID: 37029208 PMCID: PMC10299911 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional relationship exists between adipose tissue metabolism and iron regulation. Total body fat, fat distribution and exercise influence iron status and components of the iron-regulatory pathway, including hepcidin and erythroferrone. Conversely, whole body and tissue iron stores associate with fat mass and distribution and glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. Manipulation of the iron-regulatory proteins erythroferrone and erythropoietin affects glucose and lipid metabolism. Several lines of evidence suggest that iron accumulation and metabolism may play a role in the development of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the relationship between iron homoeostasis and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Hilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Valenti L, Corradini E, Adams LA, Aigner E, Alqahtani S, Arrese M, Bardou-Jacquet E, Bugianesi E, Fernandez-Real JM, Girelli D, Hagström H, Henninger B, Kowdley K, Ligabue G, McClain D, Lainé F, Miyanishi K, Muckenthaler MU, Pagani A, Pedrotti P, Pietrangelo A, Prati D, Ryan JD, Silvestri L, Spearman CW, Stål P, Tsochatzis EA, Vinchi F, Zheng MH, Zoller H. Consensus Statement on the definition and classification of metabolic hyperferritinaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:299-310. [PMID: 36805052 PMCID: PMC9936492 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyperferritinaemia is a common laboratory finding that is often associated with metabolic dysfunction and fatty liver. Metabolic hyperferritinaemia reflects alterations in iron metabolism that facilitate iron accumulation in the body and is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic and liver diseases. Genetic variants that modulate iron homeostasis and tissue levels of iron are the main determinants of serum levels of ferritin in individuals with metabolic dysfunction, raising the hypothesis that iron accumulation might be implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the related organ damage. However, validated criteria for the non-invasive diagnosis of metabolic hyperferritinaemia and the staging of iron overload are still lacking, and there is no clear evidence of a benefit for iron depletion therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the literature on the relationship between hyperferritinaemia and iron accumulation in individuals with metabolic dysfunction, and on the associated clinical outcomes. We propose an updated definition and a provisional staging system for metabolic hyperferritinaemia, which has been agreed on by a multidisciplinary global panel of expert researchers. The goal is to foster studies into the epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, clinical relevance and treatment of metabolic hyperferritinaemia, for which we provide suggestions on the main unmet needs, optimal design and clinically relevant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Biological Resource Center and Precision Medicine Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Corradini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Internal Medicine and Centre for Hemochromatosis and Hereditary Liver Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy.
| | - Leon A Adams
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Elmar Aigner
- First Department of Medicine, University Clinic Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Saleh Alqahtani
- Royal Clinics and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marco Arrese
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edouard Bardou-Jacquet
- University of Rennes, UMR1241, CHU Rennes, National Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and iron metabolism disorder, INSERM CIC1414, Rennes, France
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jose-Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Girona University, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico Giambattista Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Henninger
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kris Kowdley
- Liver Institute Northwest, Seattle, WA, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guido Ligabue
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Division of Radiology, Ospedale di Sassuolo S.p.A, Sassuolo, Modena, Italy
| | - Donald McClain
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Salisbury, NC, USA
| | - Fabrice Lainé
- INSERM CIC1414, Liver Unit, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Koji Miyanishi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Translational Iron Research, Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Pagani
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pedrotti
- Laboratorio di RM Cardiaca Cardiologia 4, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonello Pietrangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Centre for Hemochromatosis and Hereditary Liver Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - John D Ryan
- Hepatology Unit, Beaumont Hospital, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - C Wendy Spearman
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Per Stål
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel A Tsochatzis
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital and UCL, London, UK
| | - Francesca Vinchi
- Iron Research Laboratory, Lindsley F.Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Doppler Laboratory on Iron and Phosphate Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Barney DE, Gordon BS, Hennigar SR. REDD1 deletion and treadmill running increase liver hepcidin and gluconeogenic enzymes in male mice. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e49. [PMID: 37123395 PMCID: PMC10131055 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin is transcriptionally up-regulated by gluconeogenic signals. Recent evidence suggeststhat increases in circulating hepcidin may decrease dietary iron absorption following prolonged exercise, however evidence is limited on whether gluconeogenic signals contribute to post-exercise increases in hepcidin. Mice with genetic knockout of regulated in development and DNA response-1 (REDD1) display greater glycogen depletion following exercise, possibly indicating greater gluconeogenesis. The objective of the present study was to determine liver hepcidin, markers of gluconeogenesis and iron metabolism in REDD1 knockout and wild-type mice following prolonged exercise. Twelve-week-old male REDD1 knockout and wild-type mice were randomised to rest or 60 min treadmill running with 1, 3 or 6 h recovery (n = 5-8/genotype/group). Liver gene expression of hepcidin (Hamp) and gluconeogenic enzymes (Ppargc1a, Creb3l3, Pck1, Pygl) were determined by qRT-PCR. Effects of genotype, exercise and their interaction were assessed by two-way ANOVAs with Tukey's post-hoc tests, and Pearson correlations were used to assess the relationships between Hamp and study outcomes. Liver Hamp increased 1- and 4-fold at 3 and 6 h post-exercise, compared to rest (P-adjusted < 0⋅009 for all), and was 50% greater in REDD1 knockout compared to wild-type mice (P = 0⋅0015). Liver Ppargc1a, Creb3l3 and Pck1 increased with treadmill running (P < 0⋅0001 for all), and liver Ppargc1a, Pck1 and Pygl were greater with REDD1 deletion (P < 0⋅02 for all). Liver Hamp was positively correlated with liver Creb3l3 (R = 0⋅62, P < 0⋅0001) and Pck1 (R = 0⋅44, P = 0⋅0014). In conclusion, REDD1 deletion and prolonged treadmill running increased liver Hamp and gluconeogenic regulators of Hamp, suggesting gluconeogenic signalling of hepcidin with prolonged exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Barney
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Bradley S. Gordon
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Stephen R. Hennigar
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Corresponding author: Stephen R. Hennigar, email
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10
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Repression of the iron exporter ferroportin may contribute to hepatocyte iron overload in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101644. [PMID: 36436807 PMCID: PMC9719871 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperferremia and hyperferritinemia are observed in patients and disease models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Likewise, patients with genetic iron overload diseases develop diabetes, suggesting a tight link between iron metabolism and diabetes. The liver controls systemic iron homeostasis and is a central organ for T2DM. Here, we investigate how the control of iron metabolism in hepatocytes is affected by T2DM. METHODS Perls Prussian blue staining was applied to analyze iron distribution in liver biopsies of T2DM patients. To identify molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocyte iron accumulation we established cellular models of insulin resistance by treatment with palmitate and insulin. RESULTS We show that a subset of T2DM patients accumulates iron in hepatocytes, a finding mirrored in a hepatocyte model of insulin resistance. Iron accumulation can be explained by the repression of the iron exporter ferroportin upon palmitate and/or insulin treatment. While during palmitate treatment the activation of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin may contribute to reducing ferroportin protein levels in a cell-autonomous manner, insulin treatment decreases ferroportin transcription via the PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Repression of ferroportin at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level may contribute to iron accumulation in hepatocytes observed in a subset of patients with T2DM.
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11
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Murphy RD, James KM, Ippolito JR, Barney DE, Miller KM, Murphy NE, Gwin JA, Pasiakos SM, McClung JP, Margolis LM, Hennigar SR. Mild to Moderate Food Deprivation Increases Hepcidin and Results in Hypoferremia and Tissue Iron Sequestration in Mice. J Nutr 2022; 152:2198-2208. [PMID: 35906187 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term starvation and severe food deprivation (FD) reduce dietary iron absorption and restricts iron to tissues, thereby limiting the amount of iron available for erythropoiesis. These effects may be mediated by increases in the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin; however, whether mild to moderate FD has similar effects on hepcidin and iron homeostasis is not known. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of varying magnitudes and durations of FD on hepcidin and indicators of iron status in male and female mice. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice (14 wk old; n = 170) were randomly assigned to consume AIN-93M diets ad libitum (AL) or varying magnitudes of FD (10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, or 100%). FD was based on the average amount of food consumed by the AL males or females, and food was split into morning and evening meals. Mice were euthanized at 48 h and 1, 2, and 3 wk, and hepcidin and indicators of iron status were measured. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Liver hepcidin mRNA was positively correlated with the magnitude of FD at all time points (P < 0.05). At 3 wk, liver hepcidin mRNA increased 3-fold with 10% and 20% FD compared with AL and was positively associated with serum hepcidin (R = 0.627, P < 0.0001). Serum iron was reduced by ∼65% (P ≤ 0.01), and liver nonheme iron concentrations were ∼75% greater (P ≤ 0.01) with 10% and 20% FD for 3 wk compared with AL. Liver hepcidin mRNA at 3 wk was positively correlated with liver Bmp6 (R = 0.765, P < 0.0001) and liver gluconeogenic enzymes (R = >0.667, P < 0.05) but not markers of inflammation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FD increases hepcidin in male and female mice and results in hypoferremia and tissue iron sequestration. These findings suggest that increased hepcidin with FD may contribute to the disturbances in iron homeostasis with undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Murphy
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kelsey M James
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - James R Ippolito
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - David E Barney
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Katelyn M Miller
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nancy E Murphy
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Jess A Gwin
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Lee M Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Stephen R Hennigar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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12
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Barney DE, Ippolito JR, Berryman CE, Hennigar SR. A Prolonged Bout of Running Increases Hepcidin and Decreases Dietary Iron Absorption in Trained Female and Male Runners. J Nutr 2022; 152:2039-2047. [PMID: 35661896 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Declines in iron status are frequently reported in those who regularly engage in strenuous physical activity. A possible reason is increases in the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, which functions to inhibit dietary iron absorption and can be induced by the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to determine the impact of a prolonged bout of running on hepcidin and dietary iron absorption in trained female and male runners. METHODS Trained female and male collegiate cross country runners (n = 28, age: 19.7 ± 1.2 y, maximal oxygen uptake: 66.1 ± 6.1 mL $\cdot$ kg -1$\cdot$ min-2, serum ferritin: 21.9 ± 13.3 ng/mL) performed a prolonged run (98.8 ± 14.7 min, 21.2 ± 3.8 km, 4.7 ± 0.3 min/km) during a team practice. Participants consumed a stable iron isotope with a standardized meal 2 h postrun and blood was collected 1 h later. The protocol was repeated 2 wk later except participants abstained from exercise (rest). RBCs were collected 15 d after exercise and rest to determine isotope enrichment. Differences between exercise and rest were assessed by paired t tests and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank tests. Data are means ± SDs. RESULTS Plasma hepcidin increased 51% after exercise (45.8 ± 34.4 ng/mL) compared with rest (30.3 ± 27.2 ng/mL, P = 0.0010). Fractional iron absorption was reduced by 36% after exercise (11.8 ± 14.6 %) compared with rest (18.5 ± 14.4 %, P = 0.025). Plasma IL-6 was greater after exercise (0.660 ± 0.354 pg/mL) than after rest (0.457 ± 0.212 pg/mL, P < 0.0001). Exploratory analyses revealed that the increase in hepcidin with exercise may be driven by a response in males but not females. CONCLUSIONS A prolonged bout of running increases hepcidin and decreases dietary iron absorption compared with rest in trained runners with low iron stores. The current study supports that IL-6 contributes to the increase in hepcidin with prolonged physical activity, although future studies should explore potential sex differences in the hepcidin response.This trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04079322.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Barney
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - James R Ippolito
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Claire E Berryman
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Stephen R Hennigar
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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13
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Shen Y, Cao Y, Zhou L, Wu J, Mao M. Construction of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related gene model for predicting prognosis and immune features in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:928006. [PMID: 36120545 PMCID: PMC9478755 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.928006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors with a propensity for poor prognosis and difficult treatment. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress served as a pivotal role in the progression of the tumor. However, the implications of ER stress on the clinical outcome and immune features of KIRC patients still need elucidation.Methods: We identified differentially expressed ER stress-related genes between KIRC specimens and normal specimens with TCGA dataset. Then, we explored the biological function and genetic mutation of ER stress-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by multiple bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, LASSO analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis were applied to construct a novel prognostic model based on ER stress-related DEGs. Next, we confirmed the predictive performance of this model with the GEO dataset and explored the potential biological functions by functional enrichment analysis. Finally, KIRC patients stratified by the prognostic model were assessed for tumor microenvironment (TME), immune infiltration, and immune checkpoints through single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and ESTIMATE analysis.Results: We constructed a novel prognostic model, including eight ER stress-related DEGs, which could stratify two risk groups in KIRC. The prognostic model and a model-based nomogram could accurately predict the prognosis of KIRC patients. Functional enrichment analysis indicated several biological functions related to the progression of KIRC. The high-risk group showed higher levels of tumor infiltration by immune cells and higher immune scores.Conclusion: In this study, we constructed a novel prognostic model based on eight ER stress-related genes for KIRC patients, which would help predict the prognosis of KIRC and provide a new orientation to further research studies on personalized immunotherapy in KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Mao,
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14
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Iron Metabolism in the Disorders of Heme Biosynthesis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090819. [PMID: 36144223 PMCID: PMC9505951 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its remarkable property to easily switch between different oxidative states, iron is essential in countless cellular functions which involve redox reactions. At the same time, uncontrolled interactions between iron and its surrounding milieu may be damaging to cells and tissues. Heme—the iron-chelated form of protoporphyrin IX—is a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole and a coordination complex for diatomic gases, accurately engineered by evolution to exploit the catalytic, oxygen-binding, and oxidoreductive properties of iron while minimizing its damaging effects on tissues. The majority of the body production of heme is ultimately incorporated into hemoglobin within mature erythrocytes; thus, regulation of heme biosynthesis by iron is central in erythropoiesis. Additionally, heme is a cofactor in several metabolic pathways, which can be modulated by iron-dependent signals as well. Impairment in some steps of the pathway of heme biosynthesis is the main pathogenetic mechanism of two groups of diseases collectively known as porphyrias and congenital sideroblastic anemias. In porphyrias, according to the specific enzyme involved, heme precursors accumulate up to the enzyme stop in disease-specific patterns and organs. Therefore, different porphyrias manifest themselves under strikingly different clinical pictures. In congenital sideroblastic anemias, instead, an altered utilization of mitochondrial iron by erythroid precursors leads to mitochondrial iron overload and an accumulation of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. In line with the complexity of the processes involved, the role of iron in these conditions is then multifarious. This review aims to summarise the most important lines of evidence concerning the interplay between iron and heme metabolism, as well as the clinical and experimental aspects of the role of iron in inherited conditions of altered heme biosynthesis.
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15
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González-Fernández D, Nemeth E, Pons EDC, Sinisterra OT, Rueda D, Starr L, Sangkhae V, Murillo E, Scott ME, Koski KG. Multiple Indicators of Undernutrition, Infection, and Inflammation in Lactating Women Are Associated with Maternal Iron Status and Infant Anthropometry in Panama: The MINDI Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173497. [PMID: 36079755 PMCID: PMC9460351 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal infections, nutrient deficiencies, and inflammation (MINDI) co-exist in lactating indigenous women in Panama, but their impact on maternal iron status and infant growth is unknown. For this secondary analysis of cross-sectional data of lactating mothers from our MINDI cohort, we investigated associations of MINDI variables with maternal anemia, elevated serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), low serum iron, hepcidin, ferritin, and infant weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), and head-circumference-for-age (HCAZ) Z-scores in 99 mother-infant dyads. A bootstrapping resampling procedure preselected covariates for inclusion in multivariable regressions models from chronic maternal infections and nutritional status [folate, vitamins A, D, retinol-binding protein (RBP), insulin-growth factor-1 (IGF-1)] and inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines, platelet indices] indicators. Anemia was prevalent (53.5%) but underestimated due to widespread low plasma volume (<2.2 L, 79.9%) and was associated with indicators of malnutrition [lower IGF-1, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D, and intake of green/leafy vegetables], but not inflammation. Higher CRP was associated with lower serum iron, and higher hepcidin and ferritin, whereas maternal platelets were associated with lower HCAZ (β = −0.22), WAZ (β = −0.17), and LAZ (β = −0.17). Higher LAZ was also associated with maternal serum vitamin D (β = 0.23), whereas maternal iron supplementation lowered LAZ (β = −0.22). Assessment of iron status in this MINDI cohort is complex and supplementation strategies must consider consequences for both the mother and the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris González-Fernández
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Center for Iron Disorders, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | | | - Delfina Rueda
- “Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé” Health Region, Panamanian Ministry of Health, Panama City, Panama
| | - Lisa Starr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Veena Sangkhae
- Center for Iron Disorders, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Enrique Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Marilyn E. Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Kristine G. Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-398-7845
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16
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Li N, Liao Y, Huang H, Fu S. Co-regulation of hepatic steatosis by ferritinophagy and unsaturated fatty acid supply. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2640-2653. [PMID: 35861547 PMCID: PMC9512465 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Both iron overload and iron deficiency have been reported in obesity and metabolic syndromes. Due to the presence of multiple intracellular iron pools and the dynamic nature of iron mobilization and use, the actual status and contribution of free and metabolically active iron toward metabolic syndrome remain to be established. The discovery of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) as a ferritinophagy receptor provides an opening to address the connection between iron and metabolic diseases. This study aims to specifically dissect the role of hepatic ferritinophagy in lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis. We conducted a series of Ncoa4 gain- and loss-of-function experiments to examine how ferritinophagy affects lipid metabolism through phenotypic and lipidomic analyses both in vitro and in vivo. We show that ferritinophagy is required to release iron from ferritin cages for biological use, and is induced by lipid loading in vitro and during the development of obesity in vivo. Ncoa4 knockdown impairs mitochondrial morphology and reduces palmitate-induced lipid droplet formation in cultured cells and the development of hepatic steatosis in obese mice models. Importantly, the effect of Ncoa4 deficiency on mitochondrial morphology and lipid accumulation is specifically linked to lipidomic reductions in unsaturated fatty acid content in triglycerides and cardiolipins, and an external supply of unsaturated fatty acids reverses these phenotypes. Conclusion: This study shows that ferritinophagy-derived iron supports fatty acid desaturation and the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acid-rich lipids to reduce lipotoxicity. However, the continuous activation of ferritinophagy contributes to the development of hepatic steatosis and liver damage in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilie Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haipeng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Suneng Fu
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong, China
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17
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Hayashi N, Ishibashi A, Iwata A, Yatsutani H, Badenhorst C, Goto K. Influence of an energy deficient and low carbohydrate acute dietary manipulation on iron regulation in young females. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15351. [PMID: 35785528 PMCID: PMC9251860 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a liver-derived hormone that regulates iron metabolism. Recent studies suggest that an energy-deficient diet or low carbohydrate (CHO) availability may increase hepcidin in the absence of inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of either an energy-deficient diet or an ED diet with low CHO intake during three consecutive days on hepcidin responses, hematological variables, and energy metabolism in young Japanese women. Twenty-two young females were divided into two different groups, either an energy-deficient with low CHO intake group (ED + LCHO; 2.0 ± 0.3 g/kg/day CHO, 39%CHO, 1123 kcal/day) or an energy deficient with moderate CHO intake group (ED; 3.4 ± 0.3 g/kg/day CHO, 63%CHO, 1162 kcal/day). During the three consecutive days of the dietary intervention program, participants consumed only the prescribed diet and maintained their habitual physical activity levels. Body composition, substrate oxidation, iron metabolism, and inflammation were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Serum iron and ferritin levels were significantly elevated following the intervention (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels did not change following the intervention. Serum hepcidin levels significantly increased after the intervention (p = 0.002). Relative change in hepcidin levels was significantly higher in the ED + LCHO (264.3 ± 87.2%) than in the ED group (68.9 ± 22.1%, p = 0.048). Three consecutive days of an energy-deficient diet increased fasting hepcidin levels. Moreover, elevated hepcidin levels were further augmented when an energy-deficient diet was combined with a lower CHO intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Hayashi
- Graduate School of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
| | - Aya Ishibashi
- Department of Life ScienceThe University of TokyoMeguroTokyoJapan
| | - Ayame Iwata
- Graduate School of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
| | - Haruka Yatsutani
- Graduate School of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
| | - Claire Badenhorst
- School of Sports, Exercise and NutritionMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
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18
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Sumi D, Nagatsuka H, Matsuo K, Okazaki K, Goto K. Heat acclimation does not attenuate hepcidin elevation after a single session of endurance exercise under hot condition. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1965-1974. [PMID: 35674827 PMCID: PMC9174628 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We sought to determine the effects of heat acclimation on endurance exercise-induced hepcidin elevation under hot conditions. Methods Fifteen healthy men were divided into two groups: endurance training under hot conditions (HOT, 35 °C, n = 8) and endurance training under cool conditions (CON, 18 °C, n = 7). All subjects completed 10 days of endurance training (8 sessions in total), consisting of 60 min of continuous exercise at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max }$$\end{document}V˙O2max) to evaluate the exercise-induced thermoregulatory and hepcidin responses under hot conditions (35 °C) before (pre-HST) and after (post-HST) the training period. Results Core temperature during exercise in the post-HST decreased significantly in the HOT group compared to pre-HST (P = 0.004), but not in the CON group. The HOT and CON groups showed augmented exercise-induced plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) elevation in the pre-HST (P = 0.002). Both groups had significantly attenuated increases in exercise-induced IL-6 in the post-HST; however, the reduction of exercise-induced IL-6 elevation was not different significantly between both groups. Serum hepcidin concentrations increased significantly in the pre-HST and post-HST in both groups (P = 0.001), no significant difference was observed between both groups during each test or over the study period. Conclusion 10 days of endurance training period under hot conditions improved thermoregulation, whereas exercise-induced hepcidin elevation under hot conditions was not attenuated following the training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Sumi
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Nagatsuka
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kaori Matsuo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Okazaki
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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19
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Ishibashi A, Maeda N, Kojima C, Goto K. Iron Metabolism following Twice a Day Endurance Exercise in Female Long-Distance Runners. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091907. [PMID: 35565873 PMCID: PMC9105615 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and iron deficiency (ID) are frequently observed among endurance athletes. The iron regulatory hormone hepcidin may be involved in IDA and/or ID. Endurance athletes incorporate multiple training sessions, but the influence of repeated bouts of endurance exercise within the same day on iron metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of twice a day endurance exercise on iron metabolism, including the hepcidin level, in female long-distance runners. Thirteen female long-distance runners participated in this study. They completed the twice-a-day endurance exercise in the morning and afternoon. Blood samples were collected four times in total: at 06:00 (P0), 14:00 (P8), 20:00 (P14), and 06:00 the next day (P24). In addition to the blood variables, nutritional intake was assessed throughout the exercise day. Serum hepcidin levels were significantly elevated (compared to P0) until the following morning (P24). Moreover, dietary analysis revealed that subjects consumed a low volume of carbohydrates (<6 g/kg body mass/day). In conclusion, twice a day endurance exercise resulted in significant elevation of serum hepcidin level 24 h after completion of the exercise in female long-distance runners. Therefore, athletes with a high risk of anemia should pay attention to training frequency and nutritional intake in order to maintain optimal iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ishibashi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan;
| | - Naho Maeda
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Chihiro Kojima
- Department of Sports Science, Japan Institute of Sports Science, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan;
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-77-599-4127
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20
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Iron in Porphyrias: Friend or Foe? Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020272. [PMID: 35204362 PMCID: PMC8870839 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a trace element that is important for many vital processes, including oxygen transport, oxidative metabolism, cellular proliferation, and catalytic reactions. Iron supports these functions mainly as part of the heme molecule. Heme synthesis is an eight-step process which, when defective at the level of one of the eight enzymes involved, can cause the development of a group of diseases, either inherited or acquired, called porphyrias. Despite the strict link between iron and heme, the role of iron in the different types of porphyrias, particularly as a risk factor for disease development/progression or as a potential therapeutic target or molecule, is still being debated, since contrasting results have emerged from clinical observations, in vitro studies and animal models. In this review we aim to deepen such aspects by drawing attention to the current evidence on the role of iron in porphyrias and its potential implication. Testing for iron status and its metabolic pathways through blood tests, imaging techniques or genetic studies on patients affected by porphyrias can provide additional diagnostic and prognostic value to the clinical care, leading to a more tailored and effective management.
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21
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Zhu K, Xiaoqiang L, Deng W, Wang G, Fu B. Identification of a novel signature based on unfolded protein response-related gene for predicting prognosis in bladder cancer. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:73. [PMID: 34930465 PMCID: PMC8686253 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unfolded protein response (UPR) served as a vital role in the progression of tumors, but the molecule mechanisms of UPR in bladder cancer (BLCA) have been not fully investigated. METHODS We identified differentially expressed unfolded protein response-related genes (UPRRGs) between BLCA samples and normal bladder samples in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate Cox analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized Cox regression analysis were used to construct a prognostic signature in the TCGA set. We implemented the validation of the prognostic signature in GSE13507 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA algorithms were used to explore the correlation between the prognostic signature and immune cells infiltration as well as key immune checkpoints (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and HAVCR2). GDSC database analyses were conducted to investigate the chemotherapy sensitivity among different groups. GSEA analysis was used to explore the potential mechanisms of UPR-based signature. RESULTS A prognostic signature comprising of seven genes (CALR, CRYAB, DNAJB4, KDELR3, CREB3L3, HSPB6, and FBXO6) was constructed to predict the outcome of BLCA. Based on the UPRRGs signature, the patients with BLCA could be classified into low-risk groups and high-risk groups. Patients with BLCA in the low-risk groups showed the more favorable outcomes than those in the high-risk groups, which was verified in GSE13507 set. This signature could serve as an autocephalous prognostic factor in BLCA. A nomogram based on risk score and clinical characteristics was established to predict the over survival of BLCA patients. Furthermore, the signature was closely related to immune checkpoints (PD-L1, CTLA-4, and HAVCR2) and immune cells infiltration including CD8+ T cells, follicular helper T cells, activated dendritic cells, and M2 macrophages. GSEA analysis indicated that immune and carcinogenic pathways were enriched in high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel unfolded protein response-related gene signature which could predict the over survival, immune microenvironment, and chemotherapy response of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Xiaoqiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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22
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McKay AKA, Peeling P, Pyne DB, Tee N, Whitfield J, Sharma AP, Heikura IA, Burke LM. Six Days of Low Carbohydrate, Not Energy Availability, Alters the Iron and Immune Response to Exercise in Elite Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 54:377-387. [PMID: 34690285 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the effects of a short-term (6-day) low carbohydrate (CHO) high fat (LCHF), and low energy availability (LEA) diet on immune, inflammatory, and iron-regulatory responses to exercise in endurance athletes. METHODS Twenty-eight elite male race walkers completed two 6-day diet/training phases. During phase 1 (Baseline), all athletes consumed a high CHO/energy availability (CON) diet (65% CHO and ~ 40 kcal·kg-1 fat free mass (FFM)·day-1). In phase 2 (Adaptation), athletes were allocated to either a CON (n = 10), LCHF (n = 8; <50 g·day-1 CHO and ~ 40 kcal·kg-1 FFM·day-1), or LEA diet (n = 10; 60% CHO and 15 kcal·kg-1 FFM·day-1). At the end of each phase, athletes completed a 25 km race walk protocol at ~75% VO2max. On each occasion, venous blood was collected before and after exercise for interleukin-6, hepcidin, cortisol and glucose concentrations, as well as white blood cell counts. RESULTS The LCHF athletes displayed a greater IL-6 (p = 0.019) and hepcidin (p = 0.011) response to exercise after Adaptation, compared to Baseline. Similarly, post-exercise increases in total white blood cell counts (p = 0.026) and cortisol levels (p < 0.001) were larger compared to Baseline following LCHF Adaptation. Decreases in blood glucose concentrations were evident post-exercise during Adaptation in LCHF (p = 0.049), whereas no change occurred in CON or LEA (p > 0.05). No differences between CON and LEA were evident for any of the measured biological markers (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Short-term adherence to a LCHF diet elicited small yet unfavorable iron, immune, and stress responses to exercise. In contrast, no substantial alterations to athlete health were observed when athletes restricted energy availability compared to athletes with adequate energy availability. Therefore, short-term restriction of CHO, rather than energy, may have greater negative impacts on athlete health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alannah K A McKay
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science). The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia Triathlon Australia, Burleigh Heads, Australia Canadian Sport Institute - Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Kimita W, Bharmal SH, Ko J, Cho J, Petrov MS. Relationship between Energy Balance and Circulating Levels of Hepcidin and Ferritin in the Fasted and Postprandial States. Nutrients 2021; 13:3557. [PMID: 34684558 PMCID: PMC8539037 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Markers of iron metabolism are altered in new-onset diabetes, but their relationship with metabolic signals involved in the maintenance of energy balance is poorly understood. The primary aim was to explore the associations between markers of iron metabolism (hepcidin and ferritin) and markers of energy balance (leptin, ghrelin, and the leptin/ghrelin ratio) in both the fasted and postprandial states. These associations were also studied in the sub-groups stratified by diabetes status. This was a cross-sectional study of individuals without disorders of iron metabolism who were investigated after an overnight fast and, in addition, some of these individuals underwent a mixed meal test to determine postprandial responses of metabolic signals. The associations between hepcidin, ferritin, and leptin, ghrelin, leptin/ghrelin ratio were studied using several multiple linear regression models. A total of 76 individuals in the fasted state and 34 individuals in the postprandial state were included. In the overall cohort, hepcidin was significantly inversely associated with leptin (in the most adjusted model, the β coefficient ± SE was -883.45 ± 400.94; p = 0.031) and the leptin/ghrelin ratio (in the most adjusted model, the β coefficient ± SE was -148.26 ± 61.20; p = 0.018) in the fasted state. The same associations were not statistically significant in the postprandial state. In individuals with new-onset prediabetes or diabetes (but not in those with normoglycaemia or longstanding prediabetes or diabetes), hepcidin was significantly inversely associated with leptin (in the most adjusted model, the β coefficient ± SE was -806.09 ± 395.44; p = 0.050) and the leptin/ghrelin ratio (in the most adjusted model, the β coefficient ± SE was -129.40 ± 59.14; p = 0.037). Leptin appears to be a mediator in the link between iron metabolism and new-onset diabetes mellitus. These findings add to the growing understanding of mechanisms underlying the derangements of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maxim S. Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (W.K.); (S.H.B.); (J.K.); (J.C.)
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Kimita W, Bharmal SH, Ko J, Cho J, Petrov MS. Effect of β-hydroxybutyrate monoester on markers of iron metabolism in new-onset prediabetes: findings from a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Food Funct 2021; 12:9229-9237. [PMID: 34606529 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00729g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: People with prediabetes often have altered iron metabolism and may benefit from mild exogenous ketosis, which can now be successfully achieved thanks to recent developments in chemistry of food components. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effect of acute exogenous ketone monoester (β-hydroxybutyrate) on plasma levels of markers of iron metabolism in people with prediabetes. Methods: Eighteen participants with new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis aged 18 years or above took part in randomised controlled cross-over trial in Auckland, New Zealand. After an overnight fast, participants consumed the exogenous ketone supplement or placebo. Blood samples were collected in the fasted state (0 minutes) and then serially every 30 minutes for 150 minutes. Both participants and study personnel were blinded to the intervention/placebo allocation. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed using total area under the curve to determine the change in hepcidin and ferritin over time after consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement and placebo. Results: Consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement significantly elevated blood levels of β-hydroxybutyrate from 0.20 mmol L-1 at baseline to 3.50 mmol L-1 at 30 minutes (p < 0.05) and remained significantly elevated for the duration of the trial. The total area under the curve of hepcidin was 340.5 ± 121.1 ng mL-1 after the exogenous ketone supplementation as compared with 343.2 ± 119.6 ng mL-1 min-1 after the use of placebo (p = 0.91). The total area under the curve of ferritin was 786.7 ± 129.1 ng mL-1 min-1 after the exogenous ketone supplementation as compared with 776.9 ± 131.4 ng mL-1 min-1 after the use of placebo (p = 0.10). Conclusion: Acute supplementation of β-hydroxybutyrate did not significantly affect the circulating levels of hepcidin or ferritin in people with prediabetes. Long-term effects of β-hydroxybutyrate warrant investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jaelim Cho
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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25
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Hepcidin as a Prospective Individualized Biomarker for Individuals at Risk of Low Energy Availability. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 29:671-681. [PMID: 31034252 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin, a peptide hormone with an acknowledged evolutionary function in iron homeostasis, was discovered at the turn of the 21st century. Since then, the implications of increased hepcidin activity have been investigated as a potential advocate for the increased risk of iron deficiency in various health settings. Such implications are particularly relevant in the sporting community where peaks in hepcidin postexercise (∼3-6 hr) are suggested to reduce iron absorption and recycling, and contribute to the development of exercise-induced iron deficiency in athletes. Over the last decade, hepcidin research in sport has focused on acute and chronic hepcidin activity following single and repeated training blocks. This research has led to investigations examining possible methods to attenuate postexercise hepcidin expression through dietary interventions. The majority of macronutrient dietary interventions have focused on manipulating the carbohydrate content of the diet in an attempt to determine the health of athletes adopting the low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diets, a practice that is a growing trend among endurance athletes. During the process of these macronutrient dietary intervention studies, an observable coincidence of increased cumulative hepcidin activity to low energy availability has emerged. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the existing literature on nutritional interventions on hepcidin activity, thus, highlighting the link of hepcidin to energy availability, while also making a case for the use of hepcidin as an individualized biomarker for low energy availability in males and females.
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26
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Mayneris-Perxachs J, Cardellini M, Hoyles L, Latorre J, Davato F, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Serino M, Abbott J, Barton RH, Puig J, Fernández-Real X, Ricart W, Tomlinson C, Woodbridge M, Gentileschi P, Butcher SA, Holmes E, Nicholson JK, Pérez-Brocal V, Moya A, Clain DM, Burcelin R, Dumas ME, Federici M, Fernández-Real JM. Iron status influences non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity through the gut microbiome. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:104. [PMID: 33962692 PMCID: PMC8106161 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome and iron status are known to play a role in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), although their complex interaction remains unclear. RESULTS Here, we applied an integrative systems medicine approach (faecal metagenomics, plasma and urine metabolomics, hepatic transcriptomics) in 2 well-characterised human cohorts of subjects with obesity (discovery n = 49 and validation n = 628) and an independent cohort formed by both individuals with and without obesity (n = 130), combined with in vitro and animal models. Serum ferritin levels, as a markers of liver iron stores, were positively associated with liver fat accumulation in parallel with lower gut microbial gene richness, composition and functionality. Specifically, ferritin had strong negative associations with the Pasteurellaceae, Leuconostocaceae and Micrococcaea families. It also had consistent negative associations with several Veillonella, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, but positive associations with Bacteroides and Prevotella spp. Notably, the ferritin-associated bacterial families had a strong correlation with iron-related liver genes. In addition, several bacterial functions related to iron metabolism (transport, chelation, heme and siderophore biosynthesis) and NAFLD (fatty acid and glutathione biosynthesis) were also associated with the host serum ferritin levels. This iron-related microbiome signature was linked to a transcriptomic and metabolomic signature associated to the degree of liver fat accumulation through hepatic glucose metabolism. In particular, we found a consistent association among serum ferritin, Pasteurellaceae and Micrococcacea families, bacterial functions involved in histidine transport, the host circulating histidine levels and the liver expression of GYS2 and SEC24B. Serum ferritin was also related to bacterial glycine transporters, the host glycine serum levels and the liver expression of glycine transporters. The transcriptomic findings were replicated in human primary hepatocytes, where iron supplementation also led to triglycerides accumulation and induced the expression of lipid and iron metabolism genes in synergy with palmitic acid. We further explored the direct impact of the microbiome on iron metabolism and liver fact accumulation through transplantation of faecal microbiota into recipient's mice. In line with the results in humans, transplantation from 'high ferritin donors' resulted in alterations in several genes related to iron metabolism and fatty acid accumulation in recipient's mice. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, a significant interplay among the gut microbiome, iron status and liver fat accumulation is revealed, with potential significance for target therapies. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hospital of Girona "Dr Josep Trueta", Girona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, University of Girona, Girona and Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, Spain
| | - Marina Cardellini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Jèssica Latorre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hospital of Girona "Dr Josep Trueta", Girona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, University of Girona, Girona and Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, Spain
| | - Francesca Davato
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - José Maria Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hospital of Girona "Dr Josep Trueta", Girona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, University of Girona, Girona and Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, Spain
| | - María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hospital of Girona "Dr Josep Trueta", Girona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, University of Girona, Girona and Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, Spain
| | - Matteo Serino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Heart Failure', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - James Abbott
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard H Barton
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hospital of Girona "Dr Josep Trueta", Girona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, University of Girona, Girona and Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hospital of Girona "Dr Josep Trueta", Girona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, University of Girona, Girona and Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, Spain
| | - Christopher Tomlinson
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark Woodbridge
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Sarah A Butcher
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vicente Pérez-Brocal
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) and Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, Universitat de València and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), València, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) and Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, Universitat de València and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), València, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Donald Mc Clain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- The W. G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, 28144, USA
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Heart Failure', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Section of Genomic and Environmental Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, CNRS UMR 8199, INSERM UMR 1283, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, 59045, Lille, France
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - José-Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hospital of Girona "Dr Josep Trueta", Girona, Spain.
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, University of Girona, Girona and Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdibGi), Girona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, Spain.
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27
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Kowdley KV, Gochanour EM, Sundaram V, Shah RA, Handa P. Hepcidin Signaling in Health and Disease: Ironing Out the Details. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:723-735. [PMID: 34027264 PMCID: PMC8122377 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin, a peptide hormone produced by hepatocytes, is the central regulator of systemic iron homeostasis through its interaction with ferroportin, the major cellular iron export protein. Hepcidin binding to ferroportin results in reduced iron export from macrophages and intestinal absorptive cells, leading to decreased serum iron levels. Hepcidin expression is influenced by several factors that include serum and liver iron stores, erythropoiesis, hypoxia, inflammation, and infection. Erythropoietic drive and hypoxia suppress hepcidin expression and promote red cell production. In contrast, inflammation and infection are associated with increased hepcidin production to sequester iron intracellularly as a means of depriving microorganisms of iron. Chronic inflammation may up-regulate hepcidin expression through the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) pathway is a major positive driver of hepcidin expression in response to either increased circulating iron in the form of transferrin or iron loading in organs. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) consists of several inherited disorders that cause inappropriately reduced hepcidin expression in response to body iron stores, leading to increased iron absorption from a normal diet. The most common form of HH is due to a mutation in the HFE gene, which causes a failure in the hepatocyte iron-sensing mechanism, leading to reduced hepcidin expression; the clinical manifestations of HFE-HH include increased serum transferrin-iron saturation and progressive iron loading in the liver and other tissues over time among patients who express the disease phenotype. In this article, we review the physiologic mechanisms and cellular pathways by which hepcidin expression is regulated, and the different forms of HH resulting from various mutations that cause hepcidin deficiency. We also review other drivers of hepcidin expression and the associated pathophysiologic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris V. Kowdley
- Liver Institute Northwest and Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneWAUSA
- Liver Care Network and Organ Care ResearchSwedish Medical CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - Eric M. Gochanour
- Liver Institute Northwest and Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneWAUSA
- Liver Care Network and Organ Care ResearchSwedish Medical CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - Vinay Sundaram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Comprehensive Transplant CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Raj A. Shah
- Liver Care Network and Organ Care ResearchSwedish Medical CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - Priya Handa
- Liver Care Network and Organ Care ResearchSwedish Medical CenterSeattleWAUSA
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28
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Jo JR, Lee SE, An S, Nedumaran B, Ghosh S, Park KG, Kim YD. Gluconeogenic signals regulate hepcidin gene expression via a CRBN-KLF15 axis. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 33795032 PMCID: PMC8093939 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.4.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin (HAMP) is synthesized in the liver. It is a key iron-regulatory hormone that controls systemic iron homeostasis. Cereblon (CRBN) and Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) are known to regulate diverse physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the role of CRBN on hepatic hepcidin gene expression and production under gluconeogenic stimuli. Fasted mice as well as forskolin (FSK)- and glucagon (GLU)-treated mice had reduced serum iron levels but increased expression levels of hepatic Crbn and Klf15 and hepcidin secretion. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression analysis of fasted and Ad-Crbn-infected mice revealed significant reduction of microRNA-639 (miR-639). Hepatic overexpression of Crbn elevated hepcidin expression and production along with Klf15 gene expression, whereas knockdown of Crbn and Klf15 markedly decreased FSK- and fasting-mediated induction of hepcidin gene expression and its biosynthesis in mouse livers and primary hepatocytes. Moreover, expression of KLF15 significantly increased the activity of hepcidin reporter gene. It was exclusively dependent on the KLF15-binding site identified within the hepcidin gene promoter. Overall, this study demonstrates that CRBN and KLF15 are novel mediators of gluconeogenic signal-induced hepcidin gene expression and production. Thus, CRBN and KLF15 might be novel potential therapeutic targets to intervene metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Rang Jo
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seungwon An
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Balachandar Nedumaran
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Swati Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yong Deuk Kim
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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29
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Abstract
Mammals undergo regular cycles of fasting and feeding that engage dynamic transcriptional responses in metabolic tissues. Here we review advances in our understanding of the gene regulatory networks that contribute to hepatic responses to fasting and feeding. The advent of sequencing and -omics techniques have begun to facilitate a holistic understanding of the transcriptional landscape and its plasticity. We highlight transcription factors, their cofactors, and the pathways that they impact. We also discuss physiological factors that impinge on these responses, including circadian rhythms and sex differences. Finally, we review how dietary modifications modulate hepatic gene expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bideyan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Rohith Nagari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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30
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Iron aggravates hepatic insulin resistance in the absence of inflammation in a novel db/db mouse model with iron overload. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101235. [PMID: 33872860 PMCID: PMC8131719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular pathogenesis of late complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not yet fully understood. While high glucose levels indicated by increased HbA1c only poorly explain disease progression and late complications, a pro-inflammatory status, oxidative stress, and reactive metabolites generated by metabolic processes were postulated to be involved. Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) frequently progress to T2DM, whereby 70% of patients with T2DM show non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of MetS, and insulin resistance (IR). Epidemiological studies have shown that T2DM and steatosis are associated with alterations in iron metabolism and hepatic iron accumulation. Excess free iron triggers oxidative stress and a switch towards a macrophage pro-inflammatory status. However, so far it remains unclear whether hepatic iron accumulation plays a causative role in the generation of IR and T2DM or whether it is merely a manifestation of altered hepatic metabolism. To address this open question, we generated and characterized a mouse model of T2DM with IR, steatosis, and iron overload. METHODS Leprdb/db mice hallmarked by T2DM, IR and steatosis were crossed with Fpnwt/C326S mice with systemic iron overload to generate Leprdb/db/Fpnwt/C326S mice. The resulting progeny was characterized for major diabetic and iron-related parameters. RESULTS We demonstrated that features associated with T2DM in Leprdb/db mice, such as obesity, steatosis, or IR, reduce the degree of tissue iron overload in Fpnwt/C326S mice, suggesting an 'iron resistance' phenotype. Conversely, we observed increased serum iron levels that strongly exceeded those in the iron-overloaded Fpnwt/C326S mice. Increased hepatic iron levels induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and aggravated IR, as indicated by diminished IRS1 phosphorylation and AKT activation. Additionally, in the liver, we observed gene response patterns indicative of de novo lipogenesis and increased gluconeogenesis as well as elevated free glucose levels. Finally, we showed that iron overload in Leprdb/db/Fpnwt/C326S mice enhances microvascular complications observed in retinopathy, suggesting that iron accumulation can enhance diabetic late complications associated with the liver and the eye. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data show that iron causes the worsening of symptoms associated with the MetS and T2DM. These findings imply that iron depletion strategies together with anti-diabetic drugs may ameliorate IR and diabetic late complications.
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31
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Cui A, Ding D, Li Y. Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism and Cell Growth by the ATF/CREB Family of Transcription Factors. Diabetes 2021; 70:653-664. [PMID: 33608424 PMCID: PMC7897342 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a major metabolic organ that regulates the whole-body metabolic homeostasis and controls hepatocyte proliferation and growth. The ATF/CREB family of transcription factors integrates nutritional and growth signals to the regulation of metabolism and cell growth in the liver, and deregulated ATF/CREB family signaling is implicated in the progression of type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. This article focuses on the roles of the ATF/CREB family in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and cell growth and its importance in liver physiology. We also highlight how the disrupted ATF/CREB network contributes to human diseases and discuss the perspectives of therapeutically targeting ATF/CREB members in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyuan Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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32
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Badenhorst CE, Goto K, O'Brien WJ, Sims S. Iron status in athletic females, a shift in perspective on an old paradigm. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1565-1575. [PMID: 33583330 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1885782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a common nutrient deficiency within athletes, with sport scientists and medical professionals recognizing that athletes require regular monitoring of their iron status during intense training periods. Revised considerations for athlete iron screening and monitoring have suggested that males get screened biannually during heavy training periods and females require screening biannually or quarterly, depending on their previous history of iron deficiency. The prevalence of iron deficiency in female athletes is higher than their male counterparts and is often cited as being a result of the presence of a menstrual cycle in the premenopausal years. This review has sought to revise our current understanding of female physiology and the interaction between primary reproductive hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) and iron homoeostasis in females. The review highlights an apparent symbiotic relationship between iron metabolism and the menstrual cycle that requires additional research as well as identifying areas of the menstrual cycle that may be primed for nutritional iron supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Badenhorst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Wendy J O'Brien
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stacy Sims
- Te Huataki Waiora - School of Health, the University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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33
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Hepcidin response to three consecutive days of endurance training in hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1197-1205. [PMID: 33547951 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 3 consecutive days of endurance training in hypoxia on hepcidin responses. METHOD Nine active healthy males completed two trials, consisting of 3 consecutive days of endurance training in either hypoxia [fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2): 14.5%) or normoxia (FiO2: 20.9%). On days 1-3, participants performed one 90 min session of endurance training per day, consisting of high-intensity endurance interval exercise [10 × 4 min of pedaling at 80% of maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2max) with 2 min of active rest at 30% of [Formula: see text]O2max] followed by 30 min of continuous exercise at 60% of [Formula: see text]O2max. Venous blood samples were collected prior to exercise each day during the experimental period (days 1-4) to determine serum hepcidin, iron, ferritin, haptoglobin, and ketone body concentrations. RESULT Serum iron (p < 0.0001), ferritin (p = 0.005) and ketone body (p < 0.0001) concentrations increased significantly in both trials on days 2-4 compared with day 1, with no significant differences between trials. No significant changes in serum haptoglobin concentrations were observed throughout the experimental period in either trial. Serum hepcidin concentrations also increased significantly on days 2-4 compared with day 1 in both trials (p = 0.004), with no significant differences observed between trials. CONCLUSION 3 consecutive days of endurance training in hypoxia did not affect hepcidin concentrations compared with endurance training in normoxia.
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34
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Hennigar SR, McClung JP, Hatch-McChesney A, Allen JT, Wilson MA, Carrigan CT, Murphy NE, Teien HK, Martini S, Gwin JA, Karl JP, Margolis LM, Pasiakos SM. Energy deficit increases hepcidin and exacerbates declines in dietary iron absorption following strenuous physical activity: a randomized-controlled cross-over trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:359-369. [PMID: 33184627 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strenuous physical activity promotes inflammation and depletes muscle glycogen, which may increase the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin reduces dietary iron absorption and may contribute to declines in iron status frequently observed following strenuous physical activity. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of strenuous physical activity on hepcidin and dietary iron absorption and whether energy deficit compared with energy balance modifies those effects. METHODS This was a randomized, cross-over, controlled-feeding trial in healthy male subjects (n = 10, mean ± SD age: 22.4 ± 5.4 y, weight: 87.3 ± 10.9 kg) with sufficient iron status (serum ferritin 77.0 ± 36.7 ng/mL). Rest measurements were collected before participants began a 72-h simulated sustained military operation (SUSOPS), designed to elicit high energy expenditure, glycogen depletion, and inflammation, followed by a 7-d recovery period. Two 72-h SUSOPS trials were performed where participants were randomly assigned to consume either energy matched (±10%) to their individual estimated total daily energy expenditure (BAL) or energy at 45% of total daily energy expenditure to induce energy deficit (DEF). On the rest day and at the completion of BAL and DEF, participants consumed a beverage containing 3.8 mg of a stable iron isotope, and plasma isotope appearance was measured over 6 h. RESULTS Muscle glycogen declined during DEF and was preserved during BAL (-188 ± 179 mmol/kg, P-adjusted < 0.01). Despite similar increases in interleukin-6, plasma hepcidin increased during DEF but not BAL, such that hepcidin was 108% greater during DEF compared with BAL (7.8 ± 12.2 ng/mL, P-adjusted < 0.0001). Peak plasma isotope appearance at 120 min was 74% lower with DEF (59 ± 38% change from 0 min) and 49% lower with BAL (117 ± 81%) compared with rest (230 ± 97%, P-adjusted < 0.01 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Strenuous physical activity decreases dietary iron absorption compared with rest. Energy deficit exacerbates both the hepcidin response to physical activity and declines in dietary iron absorption compared with energy balance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03524690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hennigar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Technology, Belcamp, MD, USA
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne Hatch-McChesney
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Jillian T Allen
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Technology, Belcamp, MD, USA
| | - Marques A Wilson
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Christopher T Carrigan
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Nancy E Murphy
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Hilde K Teien
- Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Svein Martini
- Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Jess A Gwin
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Technology, Belcamp, MD, USA
| | - J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Lee M Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
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35
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Sun R, Xu Y, Zhang H, Yang Q, Wang K, Shi Y, Wang Z. Mechanistic Modeling of Gene Regulation and Metabolism Identifies Potential Targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:595242. [PMID: 33424926 PMCID: PMC7786279 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.595242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of liver cancer and has long been among the top three cancers that cause the most deaths worldwide. Therapeutic options for HCC are limited due to the pronounced tumor heterogeneity. Thus, there is a critical need to study HCC from a systems point of view to discover effective therapeutic targets, such as through the systematic study of disease perturbation in both regulation and metabolism using a unified model. Such integration makes sense for cancers as it links one of the dominant physiological features of cancers (growth, which is driven by metabolic networks) with the primary available omics data source, transcriptomics (which is systematically integrated with metabolism through the regulatory-metabolic network model). Here, we developed an integrated transcriptional regulatory-metabolic model for HCC molecular stratification and the prediction of potential therapeutic targets. To predict transcription factors (TFs) and target genes affecting tumorigenesis, we used two algorithms to reconstruct the genome-scale transcriptional regulatory networks for HCC and normal liver tissue. which were then integrated with corresponding constraint-based metabolic models. Five key TFs affecting cancer cell growth were identified. They included the regulator CREB3L3, which has been associated with poor prognosis. Comprehensive personalized metabolic analysis based on models generated from data of liver HCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed 18 genes essential for tumorigenesis in all three subtypes of patients stratified based on the non-negative matrix factorization method and two other genes (ACADSB and CMPK1) that have been strongly correlated with lower overall survival subtype. Among these 20 genes, 11 are targeted by approved drugs for cancers or cancer-related diseases, and six other genes have corresponding drugs being evaluated experimentally or investigationally. The remaining three genes represent potential targets. We also validated the stratification and prognosis results by an independent dataset of HCC cohort samples (LIRI-JP) from the International Cancer Genome Consortium database. In addition, microRNAs targeting key TFs and genes were also involved in established cancer-related pathways. Taken together, the multi-scale regulatory-metabolic model provided a new approach to assess key mechanisms of HCC cell proliferation in the context of systems and suggested potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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36
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McKay AKA, Pyne DB, Burke LM, Peeling P. Iron Metabolism: Interactions with Energy and Carbohydrate Availability. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3692. [PMID: 33265953 PMCID: PMC7761418 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The provision or restriction of select nutrients in an athlete's diet can elicit a variety of changes in fuel utilization, training adaptation, and performance outcomes. Furthermore, nutrient availability can also influence athlete health, with one key system of interest being iron metabolism. The aim of this review was to synthesize the current evidence examining the impact of dietary manipulations on the iron regulatory response to exercise. Specifically, we assessed the impact of both acute and chronic carbohydrate (CHO) restriction on iron metabolism, with relevance to contemporary sports nutrition approaches, including models of periodized CHO availability and ketogenic low CHO high fat diets. Additionally, we reviewed the current evidence linking poor iron status and altered hepcidin activity with low energy availability in athletes. A cohesive understanding of these interactions guides nutritional recommendations for athletes struggling to maintain healthy iron stores, and highlights future directions and knowledge gaps specific to elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alannah K. A. McKay
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - David B. Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia;
| | - Louise M. Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA 6010, Australia
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37
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Zeinivand M, Nahavandi A, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M, Golab F. Dalteparin as a Novel Therapeutic Agent to Prevent Diabetic Encephalopathy by Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:795-804. [PMID: 33850616 PMCID: PMC8019852 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.6.1775.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hepcidin is the main modulator of systemic iron metabolism, and its role in the brain has been clarified recently. Studies have shown that hepcidin plays an important role in neuronal iron load and inflammation. This issue is of significance because neuronal iron load and inflammation are pathophysiological processes that are highly linked to neurodegeneration. Moreover, the activity of hepcidin has recently been manipulated to recover the neuronal impairment caused by brain inflammation in animal models. Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce type 1 diabetes. Male Wistar rats (n = 40) with a weight range of 200–250 g were divided into control, diabetic, diabetic + insulin, and diabetic + dalteparin groups. Dalteparin (100 mg/kg IP) and insulin (100 mg/kg SC) were administered for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, Y-maze and passive avoidance tasks were carried out. The animals were perfused randomly and their hippocampal tissue was isolated for the analysis of markers such as lipid peroxidation like Malondialdehyde (MDA), hepcidin expression, iron, and ferritin. Blood samples were taken for the measurement of serum inflammatory cytokine Interleukin (IL)-6. Results: The findings indicated that treatment with dalteparin reduced IL-6, MDA, ferritin, and hepcidin expression in diabetic rats compared to treatment with insulin (P<0.05). Moreover, treatment with dalteparin did not decrease the iron level or prevented its decline. Conclusion: Treatment with dalteparin improved the cognitive dysfunctions and symptoms of Alzheimer disease in STZ-induced diabetic rats by appropriately modulating and reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This may enhance the existing knowledge of therapeutics to reduce cognitive impairment in diabetes and is suggested to be a potential therapeutic agent in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Zeinivand
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arezo Nahavandi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Fillebeen C, Lam NH, Chow S, Botta A, Sweeney G, Pantopoulos K. Regulatory Connections between Iron and Glucose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207773. [PMID: 33096618 PMCID: PMC7589414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for energy metabolism, and states of iron deficiency or excess are detrimental for organisms and cells. Therefore, iron and carbohydrate metabolism are tightly regulated. Serum iron and glucose levels are subjected to hormonal regulation by hepcidin and insulin, respectively. Hepcidin is a liver-derived peptide hormone that inactivates the iron exporter ferroportin in target cells, thereby limiting iron efflux to the bloodstream. Insulin is a protein hormone secreted from pancreatic β-cells that stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism via insulin receptor signaling. There is increasing evidence that systemic, but also cellular iron and glucose metabolic pathways are interconnected. This review article presents relevant data derived primarily from mouse models and biochemical studies. In addition, it discusses iron and glucose metabolism in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Fillebeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Y 1P3, Canada;
| | - Nhat Hung Lam
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Samantha Chow
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Y 1P3, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-340-8260 (ext. 25293)
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Wade H, Pan K, Su Q. CREBH: A Complex Array of Regulatory Mechanisms in Nutritional Signaling, Metabolic Inflammation, and Metabolic Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000771. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Wade
- Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 5DL UK
| | - Kaichao Pan
- Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 5DL UK
| | - Qiaozhu Su
- Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 5DL UK
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Ishibashi A, Kojima C, Tanabe Y, Iwayama K, Hiroyama T, Tsuji T, Kamei A, Goto K, Takahashi H. Effect of low energy availability during three consecutive days of endurance training on iron metabolism in male long distance runners. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14494. [PMID: 32597030 PMCID: PMC7322269 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of low energy availability (LEA) during three consecutive days of endurance training on muscle glycogen content and iron metabolism. Six male long distance runners completed three consecutive days of endurance training under LEA or neutral energy availability (NEA) conditions. Energy availability was set at 20 kcal/kg fat-free mass (FFM)/day for LEA and 45 kcal/kg FFM/day for NEA. The subjects ran for 75 min at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O2max ) on days 1-3. Venous blood samples were collected following an overnight fast on days 1-4, immediately and 3 hr after exercise on day 3. The muscle glycogen content on days 1-4 was evaluated by carbon-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In LEA condition, the body weight and muscle glycogen content on days 2-4, and the FFM on days 2 and 4 were significantly lower than those on day1 (p < .05 vs. day1), whereas no significant change was observed throughout the training period in NEA condition. On day 3, muscle glycogen content before exercise was negatively correlated with serum iron level (immediately after exercise, 3 hr after exercise), serum hepcidin level immediately after exercise, and plasma IL-6 level immediately after exercise (p < .05). Moreover, serum hepcidin level on day 4 was significantly higher in LEA condition than that in NEA condition (p < .05). In conclusion, three consecutive days of endurance training under LEA reduced the muscle glycogen content with concomitant increased serum hepcidin levels in male long distance runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ishibashi
- Japan Institute of Sports SciencesKitakuTokyoJapan
- Department of Life SciencesThe University of TokyoMeguroTokyoJapan
| | | | - Yoko Tanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Kaito Iwayama
- Department of Budo and Sport StudiesTenri UniversityTenriNaraJapan
| | - Tsutomu Hiroyama
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Toshiki Tsuji
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Akiko Kamei
- Japan Institute of Sports SciencesKitakuTokyoJapan
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
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41
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Mehta KJ, Busbridge M, Patel VB, Farnaud SJ. Hepcidin secretion was not directly proportional to intracellular iron-loading in recombinant-TfR1 HepG2 cells: short communication. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 468:121-128. [PMID: 32185675 PMCID: PMC7145775 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is the master regulator of systemic iron homeostasis and its dysregulation is observed in several chronic liver diseases. Unlike the extracellular iron-sensing mechanisms, the intracellular iron-sensing mechanisms in the hepatocytes that lead to hepcidin induction and secretion are incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to understand the direct role of intracellular iron-loading on hepcidin mRNA and peptide secretion using our previously characterised recombinant HepG2 cells that over-express the cell-surface iron-importer protein transferrin receptor-1. Gene expression of hepcidin (HAMP) was determined by real-time PCR. Intracellular iron levels and secreted hepcidin peptide levels were measured by ferrozine assay and immunoassay, respectively. These measurements were compared in the recombinant and wild-type HepG2 cells under basal conditions at 30 min, 2 h, 4 h and 24 h. Data showed that in the recombinant cells, intracellular iron content was higher than wild-type cells at 30 min (3.1-fold, p < 0.01), 2 h (4.6-fold, p < 0.01), 4 h (4.6-fold, p < 0.01) and 24 h (1.9-fold, p < 0.01). Hepcidin (HAMP) mRNA expression was higher than wild-type cells at 30 min (5.9-fold; p = 0.05) and 24 h (6.1-fold; p < 0.03), but at 4 h, the expression was lower than that in wild-type cells (p < 0.05). However, hepcidin secretion levels in the recombinant cells were similar to those in wild-type cells at all time-points, except at 4 h, when the level was lower than wild-type cells (p < 0.01). High intracellular iron in recombinant HepG2 cells did not proportionally increase hepcidin peptide secretion. This suggests a limited role of elevated intracellular iron in hepcidin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosha J Mehta
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Mark Busbridge
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Northwest London Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Vinood B Patel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Sebastien Je Farnaud
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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42
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Camaschella C, Nai A, Silvestri L. Iron metabolism and iron disorders revisited in the hepcidin era. Haematologica 2020; 105:260-272. [PMID: 31949017 PMCID: PMC7012465 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.232124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is biologically essential, but also potentially toxic; as such it is tightly controlled at cell and systemic levels to prevent both deficiency and overload. Iron regulatory proteins post-transcriptionally control genes encoding proteins that modulate iron uptake, recycling and storage and are themselves regulated by iron. The master regulator of systemic iron homeostasis is the liver peptide hepcidin, which controls serum iron through degradation of ferroportin in iron-absorptive enterocytes and iron-recycling macrophages. This review emphasizes the most recent findings in iron biology, deregulation of the hepcidin-ferroportin axis in iron disorders and how research results have an impact on clinical disorders. Insufficient hepcidin production is central to iron overload while hepcidin excess leads to iron restriction. Mutations of hemochro-matosis genes result in iron excess by downregulating the liver BMP-SMAD signaling pathway or by causing hepcidin-resistance. In iron-loading anemias, such as β-thalassemia, enhanced albeit ineffective ery-thropoiesis releases erythroferrone, which sequesters BMP receptor ligands, thereby inhibiting hepcidin. In iron-refractory, iron-deficiency ane-mia mutations of the hepcidin inhibitor TMPRSS6 upregulate the BMP-SMAD pathway. Interleukin-6 in acute and chronic inflammation increases hepcidin levels, causing iron-restricted erythropoiesis and ane-mia of inflammation in the presence of iron-replete macrophages. Our improved understanding of iron homeostasis and its regulation is having an impact on the established schedules of oral iron treatment and the choice of oral versus intravenous iron in the management of iron deficiency. Moreover it is leading to the development of targeted therapies for iron overload and inflammation, mainly centered on the manipulation of the hepcidin-ferroportin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Camaschella
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Antonella Nai
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan.,Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan.,Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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43
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Shu L, Zhao H, Huang W, Hou G, Song G, Ma H. Resveratrol Upregulates mmu-miR-363-3p via the PI3K-Akt Pathway to Improve Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:391-403. [PMID: 32104036 PMCID: PMC7027849 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s240956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate how resveratrol (RSV) improves high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic insulin resistance in mice via microRNA (miRNA) mmu-miR-363-3p in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 8 weeks to establish an insulin resistance model. The model mice were treated or not with RSV for 6 weeks. Differential miRNA expression in mouse liver tissues was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Mouse HepG2 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) to establish a cell model of insulin resistance. HepG2 cells were transfected with mmu-miR-363-3p inhibitor or mimic, and the expression of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway-related proteins was analyzed. RESULTS Based on the high-throughput sequencing analysis, mmu-miR-363-3p was identified as a major miRNA involved in the action of RSV on insulin resistance. Based on KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, PI3K-Akt signaling was found to be significantly enriched among differentially expressed miRNAs, and this pathway is closely related to insulin resistance. RSV treatment reduced the expression of FOXO1 and G6PC, which are downstream of the PI3K-Akt pathway. In the cell model, mmu-miR-363-3p inhibitor significantly suppressed p-Akt and p-PI3K levels, but enhanced those of FOXO1 and G6PC. In contrast, mmu-miR-363-3p mimic significantly enhanced the p-Akt and p-PI3K levels, but suppressed FOXO1 and G6PC expression, which was similar to the effect of RSV. CONCLUSION RSV improves insulin resistance by upregulating miRNA mmu-miR-363-3p via the PI3K-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Shu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050017, People’s Republic of China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenli Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050017, People’s Republic of China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangsen Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050017, People’s Republic of China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050017, People’s Republic of China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050051, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guangyao Song Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050051, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 311 8598 8556 Email
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050017, People’s Republic of China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050051, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050051, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Abstract
Intestinal iron homeostasis is like the Zhong-Yong in traditional Chinese culture, which is a dynamic balance between Yin and Yang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Ding
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
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45
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Harney DJ, Hutchison AT, Su Z, Hatchwell L, Heilbronn LK, Hocking S, James DE, Larance M. Small-protein Enrichment Assay Enables the Rapid, Unbiased Analysis of Over 100 Low Abundance Factors from Human Plasma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1899-1915. [PMID: 31308252 PMCID: PMC6731089 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir119.001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unbiased and sensitive quantification of low abundance small proteins in human plasma (e.g. hormones, immune factors, metabolic regulators) remains an unmet need. These small protein factors are typically analyzed individually and using antibodies that can lack specificity. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has the potential to address these problems, however the analysis of plasma by MS is plagued by the extremely large dynamic range of this body fluid, with protein abundances spanning at least 13 orders of magnitude. Here we describe an enrichment assay (SPEA), that greatly simplifies the plasma dynamic range problem by enriching small-proteins of 2-10 kDa, enabling the rapid, specific and sensitive quantification of >100 small-protein factors in a single untargeted LC-MS/MS acquisition. Applying this method to perform deep-proteome profiling of human plasma we identify C5ORF46 as a previously uncharacterized human plasma protein. We further demonstrate the reproducibility of our workflow for low abundance protein analysis using a stable-isotope labeled protein standard of insulin spiked into human plasma. SPEA provides the ability to study numerous important hormones in a single rapid assay, which we applied to study the intermittent fasting response and observed several unexpected changes including decreased plasma abundance of the iron homeostasis regulator hepcidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Harney
- ‡Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy T Hutchison
- ¶Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zhiduan Su
- ‡Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke Hatchwell
- ‡Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Samantha Hocking
- §Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David E James
- ‡Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- ‡Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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46
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Khan HA, Margulies CE. The Role of Mammalian Creb3-Like Transcription Factors in Response to Nutrients. Front Genet 2019; 10:591. [PMID: 31293620 PMCID: PMC6598459 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ability to overcome the challenges behind metabolic disorders will require a detailed understanding of the regulation of responses to nutrition. The Creb3 transcription factor family appears to have a unique regulatory role that links cellular secretory capacity with development, nutritional state, infection, and other stresses. This role in regulating individual secretory capacity genes could place this family of transcription factors at an important regulatory intersection mediating an animal’s responses to nutrients and other environmental challenges. Interestingly, in both humans and mice, individuals with mutations in Creb3L3/CrebH, one of the Creb3 family members, exhibit hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) thus linking this transcription factor to lipid metabolism. We are beginning to understand how Creb3L3 and related family members are regulated and to dissect the potential redundancy and cross talk between distinct family members, thereby mediating both healthy and pathological responses to the environment. Here, we review the current knowledge on the regulation of Creb3 family transcription factor activity, their target genes, and their role in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris A Khan
- Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla E Margulies
- Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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47
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Emerging role of the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor gamma in liver metabolic diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Zhao H, Zhang Y, Shu L, Song G, Ma H. Resveratrol reduces liver endoplasmic reticulum stress and improves insulin sensitivity in vivo and in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1473-1485. [PMID: 31118581 PMCID: PMC6505469 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s203833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of resveratrol upon hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and insulin sensitivity in vivo and in vitro. Material and methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, and insulin resistance was evaluated by the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). Mice were then treated with resveratrol for 12 weeks and blood and liver samples collected. Blood biochemical indicators were determined by kits, liver protein expression was determined by western blot, and morphological changes were observed by histological staining. Palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were established. Cells were exposed to 100, 50 or 20 μM resveratrol for 24 hrs, and proliferation/cytotoxicity was determined. Cells were divided into five groups: control, PA, PA + Rev (100 μM), PA + Rev (50 μM) and PA + Rev (20 μM) groups. After 24 hrs of treatment, cellular proteins were analyzed the same way as animal tissues. Results: The IPGTT confirmed that the insulin resistance model was established successfully. After resveratrol treatment, fasting blood glucose and cholesterol levels declined and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index increased. Western-blot results showed that resveratrol-treated HFD mice had reduced hepatic levels of p-PERK, ATF-4 and TRIB3, and increased the levels of ATF-6, p-AKT and p-GSK3β. In the cell model, resveratrol with 100 and 50 μM enhanced ERS and insulin resistance, whereas 20 μM had beneficial effects, similar to the animal model. Conclusion: Resveratrol reduced hepatic ERS, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and glucose levels. However, high doses of resveratrol had harmful effects on cells, elevating ERS and insulin resistance. The safe dose of resveratrol needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China.,Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjia Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyi Shu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China.,Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China.,Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China.,Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, People's Republic of China
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49
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Abstract
Since its discovery in 2001, there have been a number of important discoveries and findings that have increased our knowledge about the functioning of hepcidin. Hepcidin, the master iron regulator has been shown to be regulated by a number of physiological stimuli and their associated signaling pathways. This chapter will summarize our current understanding of how these physiological stimuli and downstream signaling molecules are involved in hepcidin modulation and ultimately contribute to the regulation of systemic or local iron homeostasis. The signaling pathways and molecules described here have been shown to primarily affect hepcidin at a transcriptional level, but these transcriptional changes correlate with changes in systemic iron levels as well, supporting the functional effects of hepcidin regulation by these signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Rishi
- The Liver Disease and Iron Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - V Nathan Subramaniam
- The Liver Disease and Iron Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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50
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Carlos AR, Weis S, Soares MP. Cross-Talk Between Iron and Glucose Metabolism in the Establishment of Disease Tolerance. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2498. [PMID: 30425714 PMCID: PMC6218924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are associated with disruption of host homeostasis. This can be triggered directly by pathogens or indirectly by host immune-driven resistance mechanisms. Disease tolerance is a defense strategy against infection that sustains host homeostasis, without exerting a direct negative impact on pathogens. The mechanisms governing disease tolerance encompass host metabolic responses that maintain vital homeostatic parameters within a range compatible with survival. Central to this defense strategy is the host's ability to sense and adapt to variations in nutrients, such as iron and glucose. Here we address how host responses regulating iron and glucose metabolism interact to establish disease tolerance and possibly modulate resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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