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Dovrolis N, Valatas V, Drygiannakis I, Filidou E, Spathakis M, Kandilogiannakis L, Tarapatzi G, Arvanitidis K, Bamias G, Vradelis S, Manolopoulos VG, Paspaliaris V, Kolios G. Landscape of Interactions between Stromal and Myeloid Cells in Ileal Crohn's Disease; Indications of an Important Role for Fibroblast-Derived CCL-2. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1674. [PMID: 39200138 PMCID: PMC11351973 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Monocyte recruitment in the lamina propria and inflammatory phenotype driven by the mucosal microenvironment is critical for the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. However, the stimuli responsible remain largely unknown. Recent works have focused on stromal cells, the main steady-state cellular component in tissue, as they produce pro-inflammatory chemokines that contribute to the treatment-resistant nature of IBD. METHODS We studied the regulation of these processes by examining the communication patterns between stromal and myeloid cells in ileal Crohn's disease (CD) using a complete single-cell whole tissue sequencing analysis pipeline and in vitro experimentation in mesenchymal cells. RESULTS We report expansion of S4 stromal cells and monocyte-like inflammatory macrophages in the inflamed mucosa and describe interactions that may establish sustained local inflammation. These include expression of CCL2 by S1 fibroblasts to recruit and retain monocytes and macrophages in the mucosa, where they receive signals for proliferation, survival, and differentiation to inflammatory macrophages from S4 stromal cells through molecules such as MIF, IFNγ, and FN1. The overexpression of CCL2 in ileal CD and its stromal origin was further demonstrated in vitro by cultured mesenchymal cells and intestinal organoids in the context of an inflammatory milieu. CONCLUSIONS Our findings outline an extensive cross-talk between stromal and myeloid cells, which may contribute to the onset and progression of inflammation in ileal Crohn's disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying monocyte recruitment and polarization, as well as the role of stromal cells in sustaining inflammation, can provide new avenues for developing targeted therapies to treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (K.A.); (V.G.M.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vassilis Valatas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (K.A.); (V.G.M.); (G.K.)
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (K.A.); (V.G.M.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michail Spathakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (K.A.); (V.G.M.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Leonidas Kandilogiannakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (K.A.); (V.G.M.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Gesthimani Tarapatzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (K.A.); (V.G.M.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (K.A.); (V.G.M.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- GI Unit, 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stergios Vradelis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Vangelis G. Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (K.A.); (V.G.M.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (K.A.); (V.G.M.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Zhou YW, Ren Y, Lu MM, Xu LL, Cheng WX, Zhang MM, Ding LP, Chen D, Gao JG, Du J, Jin CL, Chen CX, Li YF, Cheng T, Jiang PL, Yang YD, Qian PX, Xu PF, Jin X. Crohn's disease as the intestinal manifestation of pan-lymphatic dysfunction: An exploratory proposal based on basic and clinical data. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:34-49. [PMID: 38293325 PMCID: PMC10823898 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is caused by immune, environmental, and genetic factors. It can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract, and although its prevalence is rapidly increasing its etiology remains unclear. Emerging biological and small-molecule drugs have advanced the treatment of CD; however, a considerable proportion of patients are non-responsive to all known drugs. To achieve a breakthrough in this field, innovations that could guide the further development of effective therapies are of utmost urgency. In this review, we first propose the innovative concept of pan-lymphatic dysfunction for the general distribution of lymphatic dysfunction in various diseases, and suggest that CD is the intestinal manifestation of pan-lymphatic dysfunction based on basic and clinical preliminary data. The supporting evidence is fully summarized, including the existence of lymphatic system dysfunction, recognition of the inside-out model, disorders of immune cells, changes in cell plasticity, partial overlap of the underlying mechanisms, and common gut-derived fatty and bile acid metabolism. Another benefit of this novel concept is that it proposes adopting the zebrafish model for studying intestinal diseases, especially CD, as this model is good at presenting and mimicking lymphatic dysfunction. More importantly, the ensuing focus on improving lymphatic function may lead to novel and promising therapeutic strategies for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Miao-Miao Lu
- Endoscopy Center, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Xin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Shangcheng District People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin-Ping Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ci-Liang Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun-Fei Li
- Women’s Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Women’s Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Lei Jiang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Da Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Xu Qian
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- Women’s Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Jin J, Wan Y, Shu Q, Liu J, Lai D. Knowledge mapping and research trends of IL-33 from 2004 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158323. [PMID: 37153553 PMCID: PMC10157155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IL-33 has been studied widely but its comprehensive and systematic bibliometric analysis is yet available. The present study is to summarize the research progress of IL-33 through bibliometric analysis. Methods The publications related to IL-33 were identified and selected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on 7 December 2022. The downloaded data was analyzed with bibliometric package in R software. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to conduct IL-33 bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis. Results From 1 January 2004 to 7 December 2022, 4711 articles on IL-33 research published in 1009 academic journals by 24652 authors in 483 institutions from 89 countries were identified. The number of articles had grown steadily over this period. The United States of America(USA) and China are the major contributors in the field of research while University of Tokyo and University of Glasgow are the most active institutions. The most prolific journal is Frontiers in Immunology, while the Journal of Immunity is the top 1 co-cited journal. Andrew N. J. Mckenzie published the most significant number of articles and Jochen Schmitz was co-cited most. The major fields of these publications are immunology, cell biology, and biochemistry & molecular biology. After analysis, the high-frequency keywords of IL-33 research related to molecular biology (sST2, IL-1), immunological effects (type 2 immunity, Th2 cells), and diseases (asthma, cancer, cardiovascular diseases). Among these, the involvement of IL-33 in the regulation of type 2 inflammation has strong research potential and is a current research hotspot. Conclusion The present study quantifies and identifies the current research status and trends of IL-33 using bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis. This study may offer the direction of IL-33-related research for scholars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Jin
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yantong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dengming Lai, ; Jinghua Liu,
| | - Dengming Lai
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dengming Lai, ; Jinghua Liu,
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Aggeletopoulou I, Tsounis EP, Triantos C. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying IL-33-Mediated Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010623. [PMID: 36614065 PMCID: PMC9820409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a cytokine defined by its pleiotropic function, acting either as a typical extracellular cytokine or as a nuclear transcription factor. IL-33 and its receptor, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), interact with both innate and adaptive immunity and are considered critical regulators of inflammatory disorders. The IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis; on the basis of their role as pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators of first-line innate immunity, their expression is of great importance in regard to mucosal defenses. Mucosal immunity commonly presents an imbalance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review summarizes the main cellular and molecular aspects of IL-33 and ST2, mainly focusing on the current evidence of the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of the IL-33/ST2 axis in the course of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the association of IL-33/ST2 signaling in IBD pathogenesis. Although IL-33 modulates and impacts the development, course, and recurrence of the inflammatory response, the exact role of this molecule is elusive, and it seems to be associated with the subtype of the disease or the disease stage. Unraveling of IL-33/ST2-mediated mechanisms involved in IBD pathology shows great potential for clinical application as therapeutic targets in IBD treatment.
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Fan J, Wang S, Chen K, Sun Z. Aging impairs arterial compliance via Klotho-mediated downregulation of B-cell population and IgG levels. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:494. [PMID: 36001158 PMCID: PMC10082671 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging is associated with compromised immune function and arterial remodeling and stiffness. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether in vivo AAV-based delivery of secreted Klotho (SKL) gene (AAV-SKL) improves aging- and senescence-associated immune dysfunction and arterial stiffness. METHODS AND RESULTS Senescence-accelerated mice prone strain 1 (SAMP1, 10 months) and old mice (20 months) were used. Serum SKL levels, B-cell population and serum IgG levels were markedly decreased in SAMP1 and old mice. Rescue of downregulation of serum SKL levels by in vivo AAV2-based delivery of SKL gene (AAV-SKL) increased B-cell population and serum IgG levels and attenuated arterial stiffness in SAMP1 and old mice. Thus, Klotho deficiency may play a role in senescence- and aging-associated humoral immune dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Vascular infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of TGFβ1, collagen 1, scleraxis, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased while the elastin level was decreased in aortas of SAMP1 and old mice which can be rescued by AAV-SKL. Interestingly, treatment with IgG effectively rescued arterial inflammation and remodeling and attenuated arterial stiffness and hypertension in aging mice. In cultured B-lymphoblast cells, we further showed that SKL regulates B-cell proliferation and maturation partly via the NFkB pathway. CONCLUSION Aging-associated arterial stiffening may be largely attributed to downregulation of B-cell population and serum IgG levels. AAV-SKL attenuates arterial stiffness in aging mice partly via restoring B-cell population and serum IgG levels which attenuates aging-associated vascular inflammation and arterial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shirley Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, A302 Coleman Building, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, A302 Coleman Building, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Czepielewski RS, Erlich EC, Onufer EJ, Young S, Saunders BT, Han YH, Wohltmann M, Wang PL, Kim KW, Kumar S, Hsieh CS, Scallan JP, Yang Y, Zinselmeyer BH, Davis MJ, Randolph GJ. Ileitis-associated tertiary lymphoid organs arise at lymphatic valves and impede mesenteric lymph flow in response to tumor necrosis factor. Immunity 2021; 54:2795-2811.e9. [PMID: 34788601 PMCID: PMC8678349 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangitis and the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in the mesentery are features of Crohn's disease. Here, we examined the genesis of these TLOs and their impact on disease progression. Whole-mount and intravital imaging of the ileum and ileum-draining collecting lymphatic vessels (CLVs) draining to mesenteric lymph nodes from TNFΔARE mice, a model of ileitis, revealed TLO formation at valves of CLVs. TLOs obstructed cellular and molecular outflow from the gut and were sites of lymph leakage and backflow. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) neutralization begun at early stages of TLO formation restored lymph transport. However, robustly developed, chronic TLOs resisted regression and restoration of flow after TNF neutralization. TNF stimulation of cultured lymphatic endothelial cells reprogrammed responses to oscillatory shear stress, preventing the induction of valve-associated genes. Disrupted transport of immune cells, driven by loss of valve integrity and TLO formation, may contribute to the pathology of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Czepielewski
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma C Erlich
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily J Onufer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shannon Young
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian T Saunders
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary Wohltmann
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter L Wang
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shashi Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Hofmann HH, Heusler K, Roth K, Pröll-Cornelissen MJ, Große-Brinkhaus C, Schellander K, Neuhoff C. Oregano essential oil showed limited effects on pigs' carcass quality and haematology whereas a transcriptome analysis revealed significant modulations in the jejunum and the ileum. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1017-1035. [PMID: 34617344 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pig production depends on a health and performance balance. An approach to improve intestinal health is the oregano essential oil (OEO) supplementation within a conventional diet. Intestinal integrity regulating effects, for example gene expression, of some feed ingredients are important key factors for that balance. We hypothesized that OEO affects the expression of genes associated with pigs' intestinal integrity. In four trials, a total of 86 pigs have been used. From weaning, the 'treated' group (n = 42) was additionally fed an oregano flavour additive [1500 mg/kg (7.5% pure OEO)] within the basal diet. The 'control' group (n = 44) was kept under identical environmental conditions, except the OEO. At age of 6 months, pigs were slaughtered with an average weight of 111.1 ± 10.9 kg. In addition to automatically generated 'Fat-o-Meter' (AutoFOM) data, carcass quality factors have been measured manually. Valuable cuts of meat, such as ham and belly, were significantly reduced in the OEO group. Effects of OEO on pigs' haematologic parameters were very limited. For transcriptome analysis, the most interesting microarray expression results have been listed in a table (topTable). Selected genes were technically validated by qPCR. As a result, few significant differences in animal development and meat quality have been found between the OEO treated and the control group. Depending on OEO supplementation, we found 93 differently regulated genes in the jejunal tissue (70 up, 23 down) and 60 in the ileal tissue (48 up, 12 down). Just three genes (GRIN3B [glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B], TJP1/ZO-1 [tight junction protein ZO-1] and one uncharacterized gene) were affected by OEO both in jejunum and ileum. qPCR validation revealed AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3), Interferon (IFN) -ε, -ω, tight junction protein (TJP1)/ZO-1 (ZO-1) to be upregulated in the jejunum and C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) was upregulated in the ileum of pigs that were supplemented with OEO. OEO supplementation had limited effects on pigs' performance traits. However, we were able to demonstrate that OEO alters the expression of genes associated with adaptive immune response in pigs' small intestine. These findings help to explain OEOs' beneficial impact on pigs' intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Hendrik Hofmann
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Heusler
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Roth
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Christine Große-Brinkhaus
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Estrogen receptor actions in colitis. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:1003-1013. [PMID: 34342357 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have demonstrated that estrogen and its receptors, aside from their role in regulating several biological functions, contribute to the development and progression/severity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). IBDs include both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Epidemiological data indicate a clear difference in the incidence, severity, and complications of IBDs between sexes. Men present a higher risk of developing colitis than women and a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer, a common complication of this condition. However, fluctuations of estrogen levels have yielded inconsistent data, where oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy have been associated with an increased risk of IBDs in premenopausal women but significantly reduce disease activity after menopause. Likewise, improvement of symptoms related to CD has been reported during pregnancy, but not in UC, who often experience worsening symptoms. In the colonic epithelium, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is the predominant form of the protein expressed, and it helps maintain normal epithelial function and organization. Preclinical data suggest that ER expression and activation via estrogen confers different responses on disease severity depending on the model used to induce colitis, which may reflect what is observed in patients with IBDs. Hence, this review aims to provide an overview of estrogen and its receptors, particularly ERβ, in the pathophysiology of IBDs.
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Russler-Germain EV, Yi J, Young S, Nutsch K, Wong HS, Ai TL, Chai JN, Durai V, Kaplan DH, Germain RN, Murphy KM, Hsieh CS. Gut Helicobacter presentation by multiple dendritic cell subsets enables context-specific regulatory T cell generation. eLife 2021; 10:54792. [PMID: 33533717 PMCID: PMC7877908 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of tolerogenic peripheral regulatory T (pTreg) cells is commonly thought to involve CD103+ gut dendritic cells (DCs), yet their role in commensal-reactive pTreg development is unclear. Using two Helicobacter-specific T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse lines, we found that both CD103+ and CD103- migratory, but not resident, DCs from the colon-draining mesenteric lymph node presented Helicobacter antigens to T cells ex vivo. Loss of most CD103+ migratory DCs in vivo using murine genetic models did not affect the frequency of Helicobacter-specific pTreg cell generation or induce compensatory tolerogenic changes in the remaining CD103- DCs. By contrast, activation in a Th1-promoting niche in vivo blocked Helicobacter-specific pTreg generation. Thus, these data suggest a model where DC-mediated effector T cell differentiation is 'dominant', necessitating that all DC subsets presenting antigen are permissive for pTreg cell induction to maintain gut tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie V Russler-Germain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Jaeu Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Shannon Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Katherine Nutsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Harikesh S Wong
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Teresa L Ai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Jiani N Chai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Vivek Durai
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
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10
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Ortega Moreno L, Fernández-Tomé S, Chaparro M, Marin AC, Mora-Gutiérrez I, Santander C, Baldan-Martin M, Gisbert JP, Bernardo D. Profiling of Human Circulating Dendritic Cells and Monocyte Subsets Discriminates Between Type and Mucosal Status in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:268-274. [PMID: 32548643 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages drive disease progression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to characterize the activation and homing profile of human circulating DC and monocyte subsets in healthy control patients (CP) and IBD patients. METHODS Eighteen CP and 64 patients with IBD were categorized by diagnoses of Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), either endoscopically active (inflamed) or quiescent. Circulating type 1 conventional DC, type 2 conventional DC, plasmacytoid DC, classical monocytes, nonclassical monocytes, and intermediate monocytes were identified by flow cytometry in each individual and characterized for the expression of 18 markers. Association between DC/monocytes and IBD risk was tested by logistic regression. Discriminant canonical analyses were performed to classify the patients in their own endoscopy category considering all markers on each subset. RESULTS CCRL1, CCR3, and CCR5 expression on circulating type 1 DC; CCRL1 expression on nonclassical monocytes; and CCR9 and β7 expression on classical monocytes allowed us to discriminate among the different study groups. Indeed, the same markers (excluding β7) were also associated with IBD when all DC and monocyte subsets were considered at the same time. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring the phenotype of human circulating DC and monocyte subsets may provide novel tools as biomarkers for disease diagnosis (CD/UC) or mucosal status (inflamed/noninflamed) in the absence of an invasive colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ortega Moreno
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Fernández-Tomé
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chaparro
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia C Marin
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Mora-Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilio Santander
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Baldan-Martin
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Bernardo
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.,Mucosal Immunology Lab, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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11
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Rustgi SD, Kayal M, Shah SC. Sex-based differences in inflammatory bowel diseases: a review. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820915043. [PMID: 32523620 PMCID: PMC7236567 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820915043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-based differences in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis, disease course, and response to therapy have been increasingly recognized, however, not fully understood. Experimental and translational models have been leveraged to investigate hypothesized mechanisms for these observed differences, including the potential modifying role of sex hormones and sex-dependent (epi)genetic and gut microbiome changes. The primary objective of this review is to comprehensively describe sex-based differences in IBD including epidemiology, pathogenesis, phenotypic differences, therapeutic response, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila D. Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Maia Kayal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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12
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Williams MA, O'Callaghan A, Corr SC. IL-33 and IL-18 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Etiology and Microbial Interactions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1091. [PMID: 31139196 PMCID: PMC6527769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1 cytokines are a newly expanded family, with each of its 11 members playing an important role in health and disease. Typically acting as pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators of first-line innate immunity, their production is particularly important in the context of mucosal defenses, through handling breach of the delicate epithelial barrier and mediating a local immune response to invading pathogens. Mucosal immunity is often aberrantly orchestrated in intestinal diseases, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Various studies have pointed to IL-1 cytokines as being important players in IBD with context-dependent roles, either through promoting auto-inflammatory mechanisms, or alleviating disease through protection against breach of pathogens across the epithelial barrier. This mini-review will succinctly examine the role of IL-1 family members in IBD, with a special focus on the recently described IL-33 as well as IL-18, and will explore the disease models within which these cytokines have been studied. Furthermore, we will examine the evidence of interplay of these cytokines with the gut microbiota, with hopes of summarizing our current knowledge of these family members and their potential for unraveling novel molecular mechanisms of IBD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Williams
- Department of Microbiology, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventative Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amy O'Callaghan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventative Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad C Corr
- Department of Microbiology, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventative Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Lynch B, Roberts A, Lee Grotz V. Is Splenda, or Sucralose, Causally Linked to Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:e33. [PMID: 30099508 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Lynch
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Roberts
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - V Lee Grotz
- Heartland Food Products Group, Horsham, Pennsylvania
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14
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Shah SC, Khalili H, Gower-Rousseau C, Olen O, Benchimol EI, Lynge E, Nielsen KR, Brassard P, Vutcovici M, Bitton A, Bernstein CN, Leddin D, Tamim H, Stefansson T, Loftus EV, Moum B, Tang W, Ng SC, Gearry R, Sincic B, Bell S, Sands BE, Lakatos PL, Végh Z, Ott C, Kaplan GG, Burisch J, Colombel JF. Sex-Based Differences in Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Pooled Analysis of Population-Based Studies From Western Countries. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1079-1089.e3. [PMID: 29958857 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) varies with age, few studies have examined variations between the sexes. We therefore used population data from established cohorts to analyze sex differences in IBD incidence according to age at diagnosis. METHODS We identified population-based cohorts of patients with IBD for which incidence and age data were available (17 distinct cohorts from 16 regions of Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand). We collected data through December 2016 on 95,605 incident cases of Crohn's disease (CD) (42,831 male and 52,774 female) and 112,004 incident cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) (61,672 male and 50,332 female). We pooled incidence rate ratios of CD and UC for the combined cohort and compared differences according to sex using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Female patients had a lower risk of CD during childhood, until the age range of 10-14 years (incidence rate ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53-0.93), but they had a higher risk of CD thereafter, which was statistically significant for the age groups of 25-29 years and older than 35 years. The incidence of UC did not differ significantly for female vs male patients (except for the age group of 5-9 years) until age 45 years; thereafter, men had a significantly higher incidence of ulcerative colitis than women. CONCLUSIONS In a pooled analysis of population-based studies, we found age at IBD onset to vary with sex. Further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms of sex differences in IBD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja C Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Corinne Gower-Rousseau
- Public Health Unit, Epimad Registre, Lille University Hospital, France; INSERM LIRIC, UMR 995, Lille University, France
| | - Ola Olen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric I Benchimol
- CHEO Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elsebeth Lynge
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kári R Nielsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, National Hospital, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Paul Brassard
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Vutcovici
- Department of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Bitton
- Department of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Desmond Leddin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hala Tamim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tryggvi Stefansson
- Division of Gastroenterology, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Edward V Loftus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York
| | - Bjørn Moum
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Whitney Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Gearry
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Brankica Sincic
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sally Bell
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Peter L Lakatos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Végh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Claudia Ott
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gilaad G Kaplan
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Johan Burisch
- Department of Gastroenterology, North Zealand University Hospital, Frederikssund, Denmark
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15
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Cominelli F, Arseneau KO, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Pizarro TT. Uncovering Pathogenic Mechanisms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Mouse Models of Crohn's Disease-Like Ileitis: What is the Right Model? Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 4:19-32. [PMID: 28560286 PMCID: PMC5439236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, together known as inflammatory bowel disease, are debilitating chronic disorders of unknown cause and cure. Our evolving understanding of these pathologies is enhanced greatly by the use of animal models of intestinal inflammation that allow in vivo mechanistic studies, preclinical evaluation of new therapies, and investigation into the causative factors that underlie disease pathogenesis. Several animal models, most commonly generated in mice, exist for the study of colitis. The appropriateness of their use often can be determined by their mode of generation (ie, chemical induction, T-cell transfer, targeted genetic manipulation, spontaneously occurring, and so forth), the type of investigation (mechanistic studies, pathogenic experiments, preclinical evaluations, and so forth), and the type of inflammation that occurs in the model (acute vs chronic colitis, tissue injury/repair, and so forth). Although most murine models of inflammatory bowel disease develop inflammation in the colon, Crohn's disease most commonly occurs in the terminal ileum, where a very limited number of mouse models manifest disease. This review discusses appropriate experimental applications for different mouse models of colitis, and highlights the particular utility of 2 highly relevant models of Crohn's-like ileitis-the spontaneous SAMP1/YitFc inbred mouse strain and the genetically engineered TnfΔAU-rich element/+ mouse model of tumor necrosis factor overexpression, both of which bear strong resemblance to the human condition. Similar to patients with Crohn's disease, SAMP1/YitFc ileitis develops spontaneously, without chemical, genetic, or immunologic manipulation, making this model particularly relevant for studies aimed at identifying the primary defect underlying the occurrence of Crohn's ileitis, as well as preclinical testing of novel treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Fabio Cominelli, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5066. fax: (216) 844-7371.Division of GastroenterologyCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine11100 Euclid AvenueClevelandOhio 44106-5066
| | - Kristen O. Arseneau
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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16
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Lymphoid Aggregates Remodel Lymphatic Collecting Vessels that Serve Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Crohn Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3066-3073. [PMID: 27746181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Early pathological descriptions of Crohn disease (CD) argued for a potential defect in lymph transport; however, this concept has not been thoroughly investigated. In mice, poor healing in response to infection-induced tissue damage can cause hyperpermeable lymphatic collecting vessels in mesenteric adipose tissue that impair antigen and immune cell access to mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs), which normally sustain appropriate immunity. To investigate whether analogous changes might occur in human intestinal disease, we established a three-dimensional imaging approach to characterize the lymphatic vasculature in mesenteric tissue from controls or patients with CD. In CD specimens, B-cell-rich aggregates resembling tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) impinged on lymphatic collecting vessels that enter and exit LNs. In areas of creeping fat, which characterizes inflammation-affected areas of the bowel in CD, we observed B cells and apparent innate lymphoid cells that had invaded the lymphatic vessel wall, suggesting these cells may be mediators of lymphatic remodeling. Although TLOs have been described in many chronic inflammatory states, their anatomical relationship to preestablished LNs has never been revealed. Our data indicate that, at least in the CD-affected mesentery, TLOs are positioned along collecting lymphatic vessels in a manner expected to affect delivery of lymph to LNs.
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17
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Buttó LF, Schaubeck M, Haller D. Mechanisms of Microbe-Host Interaction in Crohn's Disease: Dysbiosis vs. Pathobiont Selection. Front Immunol 2015; 6:555. [PMID: 26635787 PMCID: PMC4652232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a systemic chronic inflammatory condition mainly characterized by discontinuous transmural pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and frequent extraintestinal manifestations with intermittent episodes of remission and relapse. Genome-wide association studies identified a number of risk loci that, catalyzed by environmental triggers, result in the loss of tolerance toward commensal bacteria based on dysregulated innate effector functions and antimicrobial defense, leading to exacerbated adaptive immune responses responsible for chronic immune-mediated tissue damage. In this review, we discuss the inter-related role of changes in the intestinal microbiota, epithelial barrier integrity, and immune cell functions on the pathogenesis of CD, describing the current approaches available to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. Substantial effort has been dedicated to define disease-associated changes in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) and to link pathobionts to the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases. A cogent definition of dysbiosis is lacking, as well as an agreement of whether pathobionts or complex shifts in the microbiota trigger inflammation in the host. Among the rarely available animal models, SAMP/Yit and TNFdeltaARE mice are the best known displaying a transmural CD-like phenotype. New hypothesis-driven mouse models, e.g., epithelial-specific Caspase8−/−, ATG16L1−/−, and XBP1−/− mice, validate pathway-focused function of specific CD-associated risk genes highlighting the role of Paneth cells in antimicrobial defense. To study the causal role of bacteria in initiating inflammation in the host, the use of germ-free mouse models is indispensable. Unraveling the interactions of genes, immune cells and microbes constitute a criterion for the development of safe, reliable, and effective treatment options for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica F Buttó
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München , Freising-Weihenstephan , Germany
| | - Monika Schaubeck
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München , Freising-Weihenstephan , Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München , Freising-Weihenstephan , Germany
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