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Geervliet E, Karkdijk E, Bansal R. Inhibition of intrahepatic monocyte recruitment by Cenicriviroc and extracellular matrix degradation by MMP1 synergistically attenuate liver inflammation and fibrogenesis in vivo. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16897. [PMID: 39043893 PMCID: PMC11266417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemokine (CCL)-chemokine receptor (CCR2) interaction, importantly CCL2-CCR2, involved in the intrahepatic recruitment of monocytes upon liver injury promotes liver fibrosis. CCL2-CCR2 antagonism using Cenicriviroc (CVC) showed promising results in several preclinical studies. Unfortunately, CVC failed in phase III clinical trials due to lack of efficacy to treat liver fibrosis. Lack of efficacy could be attributed to the fact that macrophages are also involved in disease resolution by secreting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby inhibiting hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. HSCs are the key pathogenic cell types in liver fibrosis that secrete excessive amounts of ECM causing liver stiffening and liver dysfunction. Knowing the detrimental role of intrahepatic monocyte recruitment, ECM, and HSCs activation during liver injury, we hypothesize that combining CVC and MMP (MMP1) could reverse liver fibrosis. We evaluated the effects of CVC, MMP1 and CVC + MMP1 in vitro and in vivo in CCl4-induced liver injury mouse model. We observed that CVC + MMP1 inhibited macrophage migration, and TGF-β induced collagen-I expression in fibroblasts in vitro. In vivo, MMP1 + CVC significantly inhibited normalized liver weights, and improved liver function without any adverse effects. Moreover, MMP1 + CVC inhibited monocyte infiltration and liver inflammation as confirmed by F4/80 and CD11b staining, and TNFα gene expression. MMP1 + CVC also ameliorated liver fibrogenesis via inhibiting HSCs activation as assessed by collagen-I staining and collagen-I and α-SMA mRNA expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a combination therapeutic approach by combining CVC and MMP1 to inhibit intrahepatic monocyte recruitment and increasing collagen degradation respectively ameliorate liver inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Geervliet
- Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Carre 4419, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Karkdijk
- Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Carre 4419, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Carre 4419, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Luyendyk JP, Morozova E, Copple BL. Good Cells Go Bad: Immune Dysregulation in the Transition from Acute Liver Injury to Liver Failure After Acetaminophen Overdose. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:722-728. [PMID: 38050055 PMCID: PMC11257689 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammatory cells and other components of the immune system in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury and repair has been extensively investigated. Although this has resulted in a wealth of information regarding the function and regulation of immune cells in the liver after injury, apparent contradictions have fueled controversy around the central question of whether the immune system is beneficial or detrimental after APAP overdose. Ultimately, this may not be a simple assignment of "good" or "bad." Clinical studies have clearly demonstrated an association between immune dysregulation and a poor outcome in patients with severe liver damage/liver failure induced by APAP overdose. To date, studies in mice have not uniformly replicated this connection. The apparent disconnect between clinical and experimental studies has perhaps stymied progress and further complicated investigation of the immune system in APAP-induced liver injury. Mouse models are often dismissed as not recapitulating the clinical scenario. Moreover, clinical investigation is most often focused on the most severe APAP overdose patients, those with liver failure. Notably, recent studies have made it apparent that the functional role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced liver injury is highly context dependent and greatly influenced by the experimental conditions. In this review, we highlight some of these recent findings and suggest strategies seeking to resolve and build on existing disconnects in the literature. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acetaminophen overdose is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States. Studies indicate that dysregulated innate immunity contributes to the transition from acute liver injury to acute liver failure. In this review, we discuss the evidence for this and the potential underlying causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Luyendyk
- Departments of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (J.P.L., E.M.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.L.C.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Elena Morozova
- Departments of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (J.P.L., E.M.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.L.C.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Bryan L Copple
- Departments of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (J.P.L., E.M.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.L.C.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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3
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McGill MR. The Role of Mechanistic Biomarkers in Understanding Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:729-739. [PMID: 37918967 PMCID: PMC11257692 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanisms of acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity began in 1973 to 1974, when investigators at the US National Institutes of Health published seminal studies demonstrating conversion of APAP to a reactive metabolite that depletes glutathione and binds to proteins in the liver in mice after overdose. Since then, additional groundbreaking experiments have demonstrated critical roles for mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, nuclear DNA fragmentation, and necrotic cell death as well. Over the years, some investigators have also attempted to translate these mechanisms to humans using human specimens from APAP overdose patients. This review presents those studies and summarizes what we have learned about APAP hepatotoxicity in humans so far. Overall, the mechanisms of APAP hepatotoxicity in humans strongly resemble those discovered in experimental mouse and cultured hepatocyte models, and emerging biomarkers also suggest similarities in liver repair. The data not only validate the first mechanistic studies of APAP-induced liver injury performed 50 years ago but also demonstrate the human relevance of numerous studies conducted since then. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Human studies using novel translational, mechanistic biomarkers have confirmed that the fundamental mechanisms of acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity discovered in rodent models since 1973 are the same in humans. Importantly, these findings have guided the development and understanding of treatments such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine and 4-methylpyrazole over the years. Additional research may improve not only our understanding of APAP overdose pathophysiology in humans but also our ability to predict and treat serious liver injury in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R McGill
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine; and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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4
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Adelusi OB, Akakpo JY, Eichenbaum G, Sadaff E, Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. The thrombopoietin mimetic JNJ-26366821 reduces the late injury and accelerates the onset of liver recovery after acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1843-1858. [PMID: 38551724 PMCID: PMC11210275 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity is comprised of an injury and recovery phase. While pharmacological interventions, such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), prevent injury there are no therapeutics that promote recovery. JNJ-26366821 (TPOm) is a novel thrombopoietin mimetic peptide with no sequence homology to endogenous thrombopoietin (TPO). Endogenous thrombopoietin is produced by hepatocytes and the TPO receptor is present on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in addition to megakaryocytes and platelets, and we hypothesize that TPOm activity at the TPO receptor in the liver provides a beneficial effect following liver injury. Therefore, we evaluated the extent to which TPOm, NAC or 4-MP can provide a protective and regenerative effect in the liver when administered 2 h after an APAP overdose of 300 mg/kg in fasted male C57BL/6J mice. TPOm did not affect protein adducts, oxidant stress, DNA fragmentation and hepatic necrosis up to 12 h after APAP. In contrast, TPOm treatment was beneficial at 24 h, i.e., all injury parameters were reduced by 42-48%. Importantly, TPOm enhanced proliferation by 100% as indicated by PCNA-positive hepatocytes around the area of necrosis. When TPOm treatment was delayed by 6 h, there was no effect on the injury, but a proliferative effect was still evident. In contrast, 4MP and NAC treated at 2 h after APAP significantly attenuated all injury parameters at 24 h but failed to enhance hepatocyte proliferation. Thus, TPOm arrests the progression of liver injury by 24 h after APAP and accelerates the onset of the proliferative response which is essential for liver recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide B Adelusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jephte Y Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Gary Eichenbaum
- Office of the Chief Medical Officer, Johnson & Johnson, Consumer Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ejaz Sadaff
- Office of the Chief Medical Officer, Johnson & Johnson, Consumer Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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5
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Quaranta V, Ballarò C, Giannelli G. Macrophages Orchestrate the Liver Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1772. [PMID: 38730724 PMCID: PMC11083142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma are the most common types, and despite numerous advances, therapeutic options still remain poor for these cancer patients. Tumor development and progression strictly depend on a supportive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells population within a tumorigenic liver; they sustain cancer cells' growth and invasiveness, and their presence is correlated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, TAM cross-talk with cells and components of the TME promotes immunosuppression, a desmoplastic response, and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in understanding TAM heterogeneity and function, with a particular focus on TAM modulation of the TME. We also discuss the potential of targeting macrophage subpopulations and how this is now being exploited in current clinical trials for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Quaranta
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy (G.G.)
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Ligeron C, Saenz J, Evrard B, Drouin M, Merieau E, Mary C, Biteau K, Wilhelm E, Batty C, Gauttier V, Baccelli I, Poirier N, Chiffoleau E. CLEC-1 Restrains Acute Inflammatory Response and Recruitment of Neutrophils following Tissue Injury. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1178-1187. [PMID: 38353642 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a key mechanism for the elimination of injurious agents but must be tightly controlled to prevent additional tissue damage and progression to persistent inflammation. C-type lectin receptors expressed mostly by myeloid cells play a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation by recognizing molecular patterns released by injured tissues. We recently showed that the C-type lectin receptor CLEC-1 is able to recognize necrotic cells. However, its role in the acute inflammatory response following tissue damage had not yet been investigated. We show in this study, in a mouse model of liver injury induced by acetaminophen intoxication, that Clec1a deficiency enhances the acute immune response with increased expression of Il1b, Tnfa, and Cxcl2 and higher infiltration of activated neutrophils into the injured organ. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Clec1a deficiency exacerbates tissue damage via CXCL2-dependent neutrophil infiltration. In contrast, we observed that the lack of CLEC-1 limits CCL2 expression and the accumulation, beyond the peak of injury, of monocyte-derived macrophages. Mechanistically, we found that Clec1a-deficient dendritic cells increase the expression of Il1b, Tnfa, and Cxcl2 in response to necrotic cells, but decrease the expression of Ccl2. Interestingly, treatment with an anti-human CLEC-1 antagonist mAb recapitulates the exacerbation of acute immunopathology observed by genetic loss of Clec1a in a preclinical humanized mouse model. To conclude, our results demonstrate that CLEC-1 is a death receptor limiting the acute inflammatory response following injury and represents a therapeutic target to modulate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ligeron
- OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Javier Saenz
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Berangere Evrard
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Drouin
- OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Merieau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elise Chiffoleau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
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7
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Chen Y, Wang J, Zhou N, Fang Q, Cai H, Du Z, An R, Liu D, Chen X, Wang X, Li F, Yan Q, Chen L, Du J. Protozoan-Derived Cytokine-Transgenic Macrophages Reverse Hepatic Fibrosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308750. [PMID: 38247166 PMCID: PMC10987136 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage therapy for liver fibrosis is on the cusp of meaningful clinical utility. Due to the heterogeneities of macrophages, it is urgent to develop safer macrophages with a more stable and defined phenotype for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Herein, a new macrophage-based immunotherapy using macrophages stably expressing a pivotal cytokine from Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that infects ≈ 2 billion people is developed. It is found that Toxoplasma gondii macrophage migration inhibitory factor-transgenic macrophage (Mφtgmif) shows stable fibrinolysis and strong chemotactic capacity. Mφtgmif effectively ameliorates liver fibrosis and deactivates aHSCs by recruiting Ly6Chi macrophages via paracrine CCL2 and polarizing them into the restorative Ly6Clo macrophage through the secretion of CX3CL1. Remarkably, Mφtgmif exhibits even higher chemotactic potential, lower grade of inflammation, and better therapeutic effects than LPS/IFN-γ-treated macrophages, making macrophage-based immune therapy more efficient and safer. Mechanistically, TgMIF promotes CCL2 expression by activating the ERK/HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and this event is associated with recruiting endogenous macrophages into the fibrosis liver. The findings do not merely identify viable immunotherapy for liver fibrosis but also suggest a therapeutic strategy based on the evolutionarily designed immunomodulator to treat human diseases by modifying the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyResearch Center for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in AnhuiAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- School of NursingAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyResearch Center for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in AnhuiAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyResearch Center for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in AnhuiAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Haijian Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyResearch Center for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in AnhuiAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Zhuoran Du
- Department of Clinical MedicineWannan Medical CollegeWuhu241002China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyResearch Center for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in AnhuiAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Deng Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Xuepeng Chen
- GMU‐GIBH Joint School of Life SciencesThe Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and DiseasesGuangzhou National LaboratoryGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510005China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- GMU‐GIBH Joint School of Life SciencesThe Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and DiseasesGuangzhou National LaboratoryGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510005China
| | - Fangmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyResearch Center for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in AnhuiAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyResearch Center for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in AnhuiAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Lijian Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyResearch Center for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in AnhuiAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
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8
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Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity: Paradigm for Understanding Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:453-478. [PMID: 38265880 PMCID: PMC11131139 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-094016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the clinically most relevant drug hepatotoxicity in western countries, and, because of translational relevance of animal models, APAP is mechanistically the most studied drug. This review covers intracellular signaling events starting with drug metabolism and the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction involving oxidant stress and peroxynitrite. Mitochondria-derived endonucleases trigger nuclear DNA fragmentation, the point of no return for cell death. In addition, adaptive mechanisms that limit cell death are discussed including autophagy, mitochondrial morphology changes, and biogenesis. Extensive evidence supports oncotic necrosis as the mode of cell death; however, a partial overlap with signaling events of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis is the basis for controversial discussions. Furthermore, an update on sterile inflammation in injury and repair with activation of Kupffer cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neutrophils is provided. Understanding these mechanisms of cell death led to discovery of N-acetylcysteine and recently fomepizole as effective antidotes against APAP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; ,
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; ,
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9
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Umbaugh DS, Jaeschke H. Biomarker discovery in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: leveraging single-cell transcriptomics and mechanistic insight. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2024; 17:143-155. [PMID: 38217408 PMCID: PMC10872301 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2306219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury and can cause a rapid progression to acute liver failure (ALF). Therefore, the identification of prognostic biomarkers to determine which patients will require a liver transplant is critical for APAP-induced ALF. AREAS COVERED We begin by relating the mechanistic investigations in mouse models of APAP hepatotoxicity to the human APAP overdose pathophysiology. We draw insights from the established sequence of molecular events in mice to understand the progression of events in the APAP overdose patient. Through this mechanistic understanding, several new biomarkers, such as CXCL14, have recently been evaluated. We also explore how single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and other omics approaches have been leveraged for identifying novel biomarkers and how these approaches will continue to push the field of biomarker discovery forward. EXPERT OPINION Recent investigations have elucidated several new biomarkers or combination of markers such as CXCL14, a regenerative miRNA signature, a cell death miRNA signature, hepcidin, LDH, CPS1, and FABP1. While these biomarkers are promising, they all require further validation. Larger cohort studies analyzing these new biomarkers in the same patient samples, while adding these candidate biomarkers to prognostic models will further support their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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10
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Ping D, Peng Y, Hu X, Liu C. Macrophage cytotherapy on liver cirrhosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265935. [PMID: 38161689 PMCID: PMC10757375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, an essential cell population involved in mediating innate immunity in the host, play a crucial role on the development of hepatic cirrhosis. Extensive studies have highlighted the potential therapeutic benefits of macrophage therapy in treating hepatic cirrhosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various effects and underlying mechanisms associated with macrophage therapy in the context of hepatic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabing Ping
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- Department of Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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11
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Roth K, Strickland J, Pant A, Freeborn R, Kennedy R, Rockwell CE, Luyendyk JP, Copple BL. Interleukin-10 disrupts liver repair in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1303921. [PMID: 38094302 PMCID: PMC10716295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) are highest in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) patients with the poorest prognosis. The mechanistic basis for this counterintuitive finding is not known, as induction of IL-10 is hypothesized to temper the pathological effects of immune cell activation. Aberrant production of IL-10 after severe liver injury could conceivably interfere with the beneficial, pro-reparative actions of immune cells, such as monocytes. Methods To test this possibility, we determined whether IL-10 levels are dysregulated in mice with APAP-induced ALF and further evaluated whether aberrant production of IL-10 prevents monocyte recruitment and/or the resolution of necrotic lesions by these cells. Results Our studies demonstrate that in mice challenged with 300 mg/kg acetaminophen (APAP), a hepatotoxic dose of APAP that fails to produce ALF (i.e., APAP-induced acute liver injury; AALI), Ly6Chi monocytes were recruited to the liver and infiltrated the necrotic lesions by 48 hours coincident with the clearance of dead cell debris. At 72 hours, IL-10 was upregulated, culminating in the resolution of hepatic inflammation. By contrast, in mice treated with 600 mg/kg APAP, a dose that produces clinical features of ALF (i.e., APAP-induced ALF; AALF), IL-10 levels were markedly elevated by 24 hours. Early induction of IL-10 was associated with a reduction in the hepatic numbers of Ly6Chi monocytes resulting in the persistence of dead cell debris. Inhibition of IL-10 in AALF mice, beginning at 24 hours after APAP treatment, increased the hepatic numbers of monocytes which coincided with a reduction in the necrotic area. Moreover, pharmacologic elevation of systemic IL-10 levels in AALI mice reduced hepatic myeloid cell numbers and increased the area of necrosis. Discussion Collectively, these results indicate that during ALF, aberrant production of IL-10 disrupts the hepatic recruitment of monocytes, which prevents the clearance of dead cell debris. These are the first studies to document a mechanistic basis for the link between high IL-10 levels and poor outcome in patients with ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jenna Strickland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Asmita Pant
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Robert Freeborn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Rebekah Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Cheryl E. Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bryan L. Copple
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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12
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Kholodenko IV, Yarygin KN. Hepatic Macrophages as Targets for the MSC-Based Cell Therapy in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3056. [PMID: 38002056 PMCID: PMC10669188 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious public health issue associated with the obesity pandemic. Obesity is the main risk factor for the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which progresses to NASH and then to end-stage liver disease. Currently, there are no specific pharmacotherapies of NAFLD/NASH approved by the FDA or other national regulatory bodies and the treatment includes lifestyle adjustment and medicines for improving lipid metabolism, enhancing sensitivity to insulin, balancing oxidation, and counteracting fibrosis. Accordingly, further basic research and development of new therapeutic approaches are greatly needed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles prevent induced hepatocyte death in vitro and attenuate NASH symptoms in animal models of the disease. They interact with hepatocytes directly, but also target other liver cells, including Kupffer cells and macrophages recruited from the blood flow. This review provides an update on the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and the key role of macrophages in the development of the disease. We examine in detail the mechanisms of the cross-talk between the MSCs and the macrophages, which are likely to be among the key targets of MSCs and their derivatives in the course of NAFLD/NASH cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kholodenko
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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13
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Fu S, Ni T, Zhang M, Ren D, Feng Y, Yao N, Zhang X, Wang R, Xu W, Yang N, Yang Y, He Y, Zhao Y, Liu J. Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway Attenuates Acute Liver Failure Through Inhibiting MAdCAM1/α4β7-mediated Gut-derived Proinflammatory Lymphocytes Accumulation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:199-217. [PMID: 37926366 PMCID: PMC10758884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The function of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) in acute liver failure (ALF) with inflammatory storm remains indefinite. The liver-gut axis has been proved to be crucial for liver homeostasis. Investigation about CAP regulation on liver-gut axis would enrich our understanding over cholinergic anti-inflammatory mechanism. METHODS Co-injection of lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine was used to establish the model of ALF. PNU-282987 was used to activate the CAP. Histological staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, RNA sequencing, and flow cytometry were conducted. Liver biopsy specimens and patients' serum from patients with liver failure were also analyzed. RESULTS We confirmed that activating the CAP alleviated hepatocyte destruction, accompanied by a significant decrease in hepatocyte apoptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, hepatic MAdCAM1 and serum MAdCAM1 levels were induced in ALF, and MAdCAM1 levels were positively correlated with the extent of liver damage and the expression of pro-inflammatory markers. Furthermore, activating the CAP mainly downregulated ectopic expression of MAdCAM1 on endothelial cells, and inhibition of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation was partly attributed to the decreased MAdCAM1. Notably, in ALF, the aberrant hepatic expression of MAdCAM1 subsequently recruited gut-derived α4β7+ CD4+T cells to the liver, which exhibited an augmented IFN-γ-secreting and IL-17-producing phenotype. Finally, we revealed that the levels of serum and hepatic MAdCAM1 were elevated in patients with liver failure and closely correlated with clinical course. Increasing hepatic infiltration of β7+ cells were also confirmed in patients. CONCLUSIONS Activating the CAP attenuated liver injury by inhibiting MAdCAM1/α4β7 -mediated gut-derived proinflammatory lymphocytes infiltration, which provides a potential therapeutic target for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - TianZhi Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - MengMeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Clinical Medical Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - DanFeng Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Clinical Medical Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - YaLi Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - NaiJuan Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - RuoJing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - WeiCheng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Clinical Medical Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Clinical Medical Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yingli He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Clinical Medical Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - YingRen Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Clinical Medical Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - JinFeng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Clinical Medical Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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14
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Xie D, Ouyang S. The role and mechanisms of macrophage polarization and hepatocyte pyroptosis in acute liver failure. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279264. [PMID: 37954583 PMCID: PMC10639160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe liver disease caused by disruptions in the body's immune microenvironment. In the early stages of ALF, Kupffer cells (KCs) become depleted and recruit monocytes derived from the bone marrow or abdomen to replace the depleted macrophages entering the liver. These monocytes differentiate into mature macrophages, which are activated in the immune microenvironment of the liver and polarized to perform various functions. Macrophage polarization can occur in two directions: pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Controlling the ratio and direction of M1 and M2 in ALF can help reduce liver injury. However, the liver damage caused by pyroptosis should not be underestimated, as it is a caspase-dependent form of cell death. Inhibiting pyroptosis has been shown to effectively reduce liver damage induced by ALF. Furthermore, macrophage polarization and pyroptosis share common binding sites, signaling pathways, and outcomes. In the review, we describe the role of macrophage polarization and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of ALF. Additionally, we preliminarily explore the relationship between macrophage polarization and pyroptosis, as well as their effects on ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Hassan GS, Flores Molina M, Shoukry NH. The multifaceted role of macrophages during acute liver injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1237042. [PMID: 37736102 PMCID: PMC10510203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is situated at the interface of the gut and circulation where it acts as a filter for blood-borne and gut-derived microbes and biological molecules, promoting tolerance of non-invasive antigens while driving immune responses against pathogenic ones. Liver resident immune cells such as Kupffer cells (KCs), a subset of macrophages, maintain homeostasis under physiological conditions. However, upon liver injury, these cells and others recruited from circulation participate in the response to injury and the repair of tissue damage. Such response is thus spatially and temporally regulated and implicates interconnected cells of immune and non-immune nature. This review will describe the hepatic immune environment during acute liver injury and the subsequent wound healing process. In its early stages, the wound healing immune response involves a necroinflammatory process characterized by partial depletion of resident KCs and lymphocytes and a significant infiltration of myeloid cells including monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) complemented by a wave of pro-inflammatory mediators. The subsequent repair stage includes restoring KCs, initiating angiogenesis, renewing extracellular matrix and enhancing proliferation/activation of resident parenchymal and mesenchymal cells. This review will focus on the multifaceted role of hepatic macrophages, including KCs and MoMFs, and their spatial distribution and roles during acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada S. Hassan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuel Flores Molina
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Naglaa H. Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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Jung EJ, Sung KW, Bae TH, Kim HY, Choi HR, Kim SH, Jung CH, Mun SR, Son YS, Kim S, Suh YH, Kashina A, Park JW, Kwon YT. The N-degron pathway mediates lipophagy: The chemical modulation of lipophagy in obesity and NAFLD. Metabolism 2023; 146:155644. [PMID: 37385404 PMCID: PMC10529862 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Central to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of lipids in the liver and various fat tissues. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which lipid droplets (LDs) in the liver and adipocytes are degraded by the autophagy-lysosome system and develop therapeutic means to modulate lipophagy, i.e., autophagic degradation of LDs. METHODS We monitored the process in which LDs are pinched off by autophagic membranes and degraded by lysosomal hydrolases in cultured cells and mice. The autophagic receptor p62/SQSTM-1/Sequestosome-1 was identified as a key regulator and used as a target to develop drugs to induce lipophagy. The efficacy of p62 agonists was validated in mice to treat hepatosteatosis and obesity. RESULTS We found that the N-degron pathway modulates lipophagy. This autophagic degradation initiates when the molecular chaperones including BiP/GRP78, retro-translocated from the endoplasmic reticulum, is N-terminally (Nt-) arginylated by ATE1 R-transferase. The resulting Nt-arginine (Nt-Arg) binds the ZZ domain of p62 associated with LDs. Upon binding to Nt-Arg, p62 undergoes self-polymerization and recruits LC3+ phagophores to the site of lipophagy, leading to lysosomal degradation. Liver-specific Ate1 conditional knockout mice under high fat diet developed severe NAFLD. The Nt-Arg was modified into small molecule agonists to p62 that facilitate lipophagy in mice and exerted therapeutic efficacy in obesity and hepatosteatosis of wild-type but not p62 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the N-degron pathway modulates lipophagy and provide p62 as a drug target to treat NAFLD and other diseases related with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Jung Jung
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woon Sung
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changgyeonggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Bae
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changgyeonggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hoon Jung
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ran Mun
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sung Son
- Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Kashina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changgyeonggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Liu K, Jin H, Zhang S, Tang M, Meng X, Li Y, Pu W, Lui KO, Zhou B. Intercellular genetic tracing of cardiac endothelium in the developing heart. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1502-1512.e3. [PMID: 37348503 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac resident macrophages play vital roles in heart development, homeostasis, repair, and regeneration. Recent studies documented the hematopoietic potential of cardiac endothelium that supports the generation of cardiac macrophages and peripheral blood cells in mice. However, the conclusion was not strongly supported by previous genetic tracing studies, given the non-specific nature of conventional Cre-loxP tracing tools. Here, we develop an intercellular genetic labeling system that can permanently trace heart-specific endothelial cells based on cell-cell interaction in mice. Results from cell-cell contact-mediated genetic fate mapping demonstrate that cardiac endothelial cells do not exhibit hemogenic potential and do not contribute to cardiac macrophages or other circulating blood cells. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Shigeta et al. (2019), published in Developmental Cell. See also the response by Liu and Nakano (2023), published in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Hengwei Jin
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Muxue Tang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinfeng Meng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjuan Pu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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18
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Peng B, Li H, Liu K, Zhang P, Zhuang Q, Li J, Yang M, Cheng K, Ming Y. Intrahepatic macrophage reprogramming associated with lipid metabolism in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. J Transl Med 2023; 21:419. [PMID: 37380987 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe syndrome with high short-term mortality, but the pathophysiology still remains largely unknown. Immune dysregulation and metabolic disorders contribute to the progression of ACLF, but the crosstalk between immunity and metabolism during ACLF is less understood. This study aims to depict the immune microenvironment in the liver during ACLF, and explore the role of lipid metabolic disorder on immunity. METHODS Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed using the liver non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls, cirrhosis patients and ACLF patients. A series of inflammation-related cytokines and chemokines were detected using liver and plasma samples. The lipid metabolomics targeted free fatty acids (FFAs) in the liver was also detected. RESULTS The scRNA-seq analysis of liver NPCs showed a significant increase of monocytes/macrophages (Mono/Mac) infiltration in ACLF livers, whereas the resident Kupffer cells (KCs) were exhausted. A characterized TREM2+ Mono/Mac subpopulation was identified in ACLF, and showed immunosuppressive function. Combined with the scRNA-seq data from PBMCs, the pseudotime analysis revealed that the TREM2+ Mono/Mac were differentiated from the peripheral monocytes and correlated with lipid metabolism-related genes including APOE, APOC1, FABP5 and TREM2. The targeted lipid metabolomics proved the accumulation of unsaturated FFAs associated with α-linolenic acid (α-LA) and α-LA metabolism and beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids in the ACLF livers, indicating that unsaturated FFAs might promote the differentiation of TREM2+ Mono/Mac during ACLF. CONCLUSIONS The reprogramming of macrophages was found in the liver during ACLF. The immunosuppressive TREM2+ macrophages were enriched in the ACLF liver and contributed to the immunosuppressive hepatic microenvironment. The accumulation of unsaturated FFAs in the ACLF liver promoted the reprogramming of the macrophages. It might be a potential target to improve the immune deficiency of ACLF patients through regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Li
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Min Yang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China.
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China.
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Nguyen NT, Umbaugh DS, Smith S, Adelusi OB, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. Dose-dependent pleiotropic role of neutrophils during acetaminophen-induced liver injury in male and female mice. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1397-1412. [PMID: 36928416 PMCID: PMC10680445 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure in western countries. APAP can cause extensive hepatocellular necrosis, which triggers an inflammatory response involving neutrophil and monocyte recruitment. Particularly the role of neutrophils in the injury mechanism of APAP hepatotoxicity has been highly controversial. Thus, the objective of the current study was to assess whether a potential contribution of neutrophils was dependent on the APAP dose and the sex of the animals. Male and female C57BL/6 J mice were treated with 300 or 600 mg/kg APAP and the injury and inflammatory cell recruitment was evaluated between 6 and 48 h. In both male and female mice, ALT plasma levels and the areas of necrosis peaked at 12-24 h after both doses with more severe injury at the higher dose. In addition, Ly6g-positive neutrophils started to accumulate in the liver at 6 h and peaked at 6-12 h after 300 mg/kg and 12-24 h after 600 mg/kg for both sexes; however, the absolute numbers of hepatic neutrophils in the liver were significantly higher after the 600 mg/kg dose. Neutrophil infiltration correlated with mRNA levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant Cxcl2 in the liver. Treating mice with an anti-Cxcl2 antibody at 2 h after APAP significantly reduced neutrophil accumulation at 24 h after both doses and in both sexes. However, the injury was significantly reduced only after the high overdose. Thus, neutrophils, recruited through Cxcl2, have no effect on APAP-induced liver injury after 300 mg/kg but aggravate the injury only after severe overdoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Sawyer Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Olamide B Adelusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA.
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20
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Bi J, Liu J, Chen X, Shi N, Wu H, Tang H, Mao J. MiR-155-5p-SOCS1/JAK1/STAT1 participates in hepatic lymphangiogenesis in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis by regulating M1 macrophage polarization. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271221141695. [PMID: 36651907 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221141695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role and underlying mechanism of liver macrophages and their derived miR-155-5p in hepatic lymphangiogenesis in liver fibrosis remain unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which macrophages and miR-155-5p were involved in lymphangiogenesis during liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. METHODS In vivo, hepatic lymphatic vessel expansion was evaluated; the liver macrophage subsets, proportion of peripherally-derived macrophages and expressions of CCL25, MCP-1, VAP-1 and MAdCAM-1 were documented; and miR-155-5p in the peripheral blood and liver was detected. In vitro, macrophages with miR-155-5p overexpression and inhibition were used to clarify the effect of miR-155-5p on regulation of macrophage polarization and the possible signalling pathway. RESULTS Hepatic lymphangiogenesis was observed in mice with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis challenged with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). In the liver, the number of M1 macrophages was associated with lymphangiogenesis and the degree of fibrosis. The liver recruitment of peripherally-derived macrophages occurred during liver fibrosis. The levels of miR-155-5p in the liver and peripheral blood gradually increased with aggravation of liver fibrosis. In vitro, SOCS1, a target of miR-155-5p, regulated macrophage polarization into the M1 phenotype through the JAK1/STAT1 pathway. CONCLUSION MiR-155-5p-SOCS1/JAK1/STAT1 pathway participates in hepatic lymphangiogenesis in mice with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis induced by CCl4 by regulating the polarization of macrophages into the M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74710First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Disease, 74710First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74710First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74710First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74710First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Disease, 74710First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74710First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
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21
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Wang Z, Chen C, Su Y, Ke N. Function and characteristics of TIM‑4 in immune regulation and disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 51:10. [PMID: 36524355 PMCID: PMC9848438 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T‑cell/transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 (TIM‑4) is a phosphatidylserine receptor that is mainly expressed on antigen‑presenting cells and is involved in the recognition and efferocytosis of apoptotic cells. TIM‑4 has been found to be expressed in immune cells such as natural killer T, B and mast cells and to participate in multiple aspects of immune regulation, suggesting that TIM‑4 may be involved in a variety of immune‑related diseases. Recent studies have confirmed that TIM‑4 is also abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumor cells and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors and the tumor immune microenvironment. The present study aimed to describe the expression and functional characteristics of TIM‑4 in detail and to comprehensively discuss its role in pathophysiological processes such as infection, allergy, metabolism, autoimmunity and tumor immunity. The current review provided a comprehensive understanding of the functions and characteristics of TIM‑4, as well as novel ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610095, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhen Su
- Kunming University School of Medicine, Kunming University School, Kunming, Yunnan 650124, P.R. China
| | - Nengwen Ke
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Nengwen Ke, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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22
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Response to Matters Arising: Characterization of placental fetal macrophages. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2601-2603. [PMID: 36473457 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chen et al.1 published a report that casts doubt on our main finding from a recent article.2 Although we acknowledge the importance of their observations, we are reserved about whether their observations would invalidate our conclusions that placental fetal macrophages are generated de novo via placental hemogenic endothelium. This Matters Arising response paper addresses the Chen et al.1 Matters Arising paper published concurrently in Developmental Cell.
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The Clostridium Metabolite P-Cresol Sulfate Relieves Inflammation of Primary Biliary Cholangitis by Regulating Kupffer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233782. [PMID: 36497042 PMCID: PMC9736483 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect and mechanism of the Clostridium metabolite p-Cresol sulfate (PCS) in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect differences in tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, PCS, and p-Cresyl glucuronide (PCG) between the serum of PBC patients and healthy controls. In vivo experiments, mice were divided into the normal control, PBC group, and PBC tyrosine group. GC-MS was used to detect PCS and PCG. Serum and liver inflammatory factors were compared between groups along with the polarization of liver Kupffer cells. Additionally, PCS was cultured with normal bile duct epithelial cells and Kupffer cells, respectively. PCS-stimulated Kupffer cells were co-cultured with lipopolysaccharide-injured bile duct epithelial cells to detect changes in inflammatory factors. RESULTS Levels of tyrosine and phenylalanine were increased, but PCS level was reduced in PBC patients, with PCG showing a lower concentration distribution in both groups. PCS in PBC mice was also lower than those in normal control mice. After oral administration of tyrosine feed to PBC mice, PCS increased, liver inflammatory factors were decreased, and anti-inflammatory factors were increased. Furthermore, Kupffer cells in the liver polarized form M1 transitioned to M2. PCS can damage normal bile duct epithelial cells and suppress the immune response of Kupffer cells. But PCS protects bile duct epithelial cells damaged by LPS through Kupffer cells. CONCLUSIONS PCS produced by Clostridium-metabolized tyrosine reduced PBC inflammation, suggesting that intervention by food, or supplementation with PCS might represent an effective clinical strategy for treating PBC.
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24
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Shao F, Ci L, Shi J, Fang F, Yan B, Liu X, Yao X, Zhang M, Yang H, Wang Z, Fei J. Bioluminescence imaging of mouse monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in inflammatory processes. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1507-1517. [PMID: 36239355 PMCID: PMC9828394 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a crucial role in various inflammatory diseases. To reveal the impact of MCP-1 during diseases and to develop anti-inflammatory agents, we establish a transgenic mouse line. The firefly luciferase gene is incorporated into the mouse genome and driven by the endogenous MCP-1 promoter. A bioluminescence photographing system is applied to monitor luciferase levels in live mice during inflammation, including lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis, concanavalin A-induced T cell-dependent liver injury, CCl 4-induced acute hepatitis, and liver fibrosis. The results demonstrate that the luciferase signal induced in inflammatory processes is correlated with endogenous MCP-1 expression in mice. Furthermore, the expressions of MCP-1 and the luciferase gene are dramatically inhibited by administration of the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone in a septicemia model. Our results suggest that the transgenic MCP-1-Luc mouse is a useful model to study MCP-1 expression in inflammation and disease and to evaluate the efficiency of anti-inflammatory drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyang Shao
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China,Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China,College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Lei Ci
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model OrganismsSMOCShanghai201203China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-65982429; (J.F.) / Tel: +86-21-20791155; (L.C.) @modelorg.com
| | - Jiahao Shi
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Fei Fang
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Bowen Yan
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Xijun Liu
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Xiangyu Yao
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model OrganismsSMOCShanghai201203China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-65982429; (J.F.) / Tel: +86-21-20791155; (L.C.) @modelorg.com
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25
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Woolbright BL, Nguyen NT, McGill MR, Sharpe MR, Curry SC, Jaeschke H. Generation of pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators after acetaminophen overdose in surviving and non-surviving patients. Toxicol Lett 2022; 367:59-66. [PMID: 35905941 PMCID: PMC9849076 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes liver injury in animals and humans. Although well-studied in animals, limited longitudinal data exist on cytokine release after APAP overdose in patients. The purpose of this study was to quantify concentrations of cytokines in APAP overdose patients to determine if early cytokine or complement measurements can distinguish between surviving and non-surviving patients. Plasma was obtained from healthy controls, APAP overdose patients with no increase in liver transaminases, and surviving and non-surviving APAP overdose patients with severe liver injury. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and CC chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2, MCP-1) were substantially elevated in surviving and non-surviving patients, whereas IL-6 and CXC chemokine ligand-8 (CXCL8, IL-8) had early elevations in a subset of patients only with liver injury. Day 1 IL-10 and IL-6 levels, and Day 2 CCL2, levels correlated positively with survival. There was no significant increase in IL-1α, IL-1β or TNF-α in any patient during the first week after APAP. Monitoring cytokines such as CCL2 may be a good indicator of patient prognosis; furthermore, these data indicate the inflammatory response after APAP overdose in patients is not mediated by a second phase of inflammation driven by the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, USA
| | | | - Matthew R Sharpe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Steven C Curry
- Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, and Center for Toxicology and Pharmacology Education and Research, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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26
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Wang S, Liu J, Dong J, Fan Z, Wang F, Wu P, Li X, Kou R, Chen F. Allyl methyl trisulfide protected against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919898. [PMID: 36003507 PMCID: PMC9394683 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allyl methyl trisulfide (AMTS) is one major lipid-soluble organosulfur compound of garlic. Previous studies have reported the potential therapeutic effect of garlic on acute lung injury (ALI) or its severe condition acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the specific substances that exert the regulatory effects are still unclear. In this study, we investigate the protective effects of AMTS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. In vivo experiments, ICR mice were pretreated with 25–100 mg/kg AMTS for 7 days and followed by intratracheal instillation of LPS (1.5 mg/kg). The results showed that AMTS significantly attenuated LPS-induced deterioration of lung pathology, demonstrated by ameliorative edema and protein leakage, and improved pulmonary histopathological morphology. Meanwhile, the expression of inflammatory mediators and the infiltration of inflammation-regulation cells induced by LPS were also inhibited. In vitro experiments also revealed that AMTS could alleviate inflammation response and inhibit the exaggeration of macrophage M1 polarization in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, we identified that AMTS treatment could attenuate the LPS-induced elevation of protein expression of p-IκBα, nuclear NF-κB-p65, COX2, iNOS, p-P38, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK. Collectively, these data suggest that AMTS could attenuate LPS-induced ALI and the molecular mechanisms should be related to the suppression of the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jinqian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Zongqiang Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Fugui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Ruirui Kou
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ruirui Kou, ; Fang Chen,
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ruirui Kou, ; Fang Chen,
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27
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Unraveling the effect of intra- and intercellular processes on acetaminophen-induced liver injury. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:27. [PMID: 35933513 PMCID: PMC9357019 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-022-00238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In high dosages, acetaminophen (APAP) can cause severe liver damage, but susceptibility to liver failure varies across individuals and is influenced by factors such as health status. Because APAP-induced liver injury and recovery is regulated by an intricate system of intra- and extracellular molecular signaling, we here aim to quantify the importance of specific modules in determining the outcome after an APAP insult and of potential targets for therapies that mitigate adversity. For this purpose, we integrated hepatocellular acetaminophen metabolism, DNA damage response induction and cell fate into a multiscale mechanistic liver lobule model which involves various cell types, such as hepatocytes, residential Kupffer cells and macrophages. Our model simulations show that zonal differences in metabolism and detoxification efficiency are essential determinants of necrotic damage. Moreover, the extent of senescence, which is regulated by intracellular processes and triggered by extracellular signaling, influences the potential to recover. In silico therapies at early and late time points after APAP insult indicated that prevention of necrotic damage is most beneficial for recovery, whereas interference with regulation of senescence promotes regeneration in a less pronounced way.
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28
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Andrews TS, MacParland SA. Untangling the web: The complex parenchymal-immune interface in endotoxemia. J Hepatol 2022; 77:296-298. [PMID: 35421423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tallulah S Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6G 2V4, Canada.
| | - Sonya A MacParland
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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29
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Guo H, Xie M, Liu W, Chen S, Ye B, Yao J, Xiao Z, Zhou C, Zheng M. Inhibition of BTK improved APAP-induced liver injury via suppressing proinflammatory macrophages activation by restoring mitochondrion function. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109036. [PMID: 35850053 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause severe liver injury and APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is one of the leading causes of acute liver failure (ALF). Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key tyrosine kinase in immune responses, which plays an important role in many inflammatory diseases. However, its effect on AILI is still not clear. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of BTK on AILI and explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS In our study, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of BTK in AILI. The C57BL/6 mice were used to check the protective effect of BTK inhibition on AILI and the activation of BTK was confirmed in mice macrophages treated with APAP. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) detection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flow cytometry and western blot were used to determine the role of BTK in mitochondrial dynamics and function of macrophages and the underlying mechanisms in AILI. RESULTS Our results showed that BTK upregulated in AILI. BTK inhibition protected mice from AILI and BTK was activated in mice macrophages in response to APAP. Mechanically, BTK inhibition promoted mitochondrial fusion and restored mitochondrial function through phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2)-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-Optic Atrophy 1(OPA1) pathway in macrophages and finally suppressed the release of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that BTK inhibition protected mice from AILI by restoring the mitochondrial function of macrophages through the improvement of the mitochondrial dynamic imbalance via PLCγ2-ROS-OPA1 signaling pathway, which indicated that BTK might be a potential therapeutic target of AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Guo
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Xie
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixia Liu
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingjue Ye
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiping Yao
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyun Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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Nguyen NT, Umbaugh DS, Huang EL, Adelusi OB, Sanchez Guerrero G, Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. Recovered Hepatocytes Promote Macrophage Apoptosis through CXCR4 after Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2022; 188:248-260. [PMID: 35642939 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the main cause of acute liver failure in Western countries. The mechanism of APAP hepatotoxicity is associated with centrilobular necrosis which initiates infiltration of neutrophils, monocytes, and other leukocytes to the area of necrosis. While it has been recognized that this infiltration of immune cells plays a critical role in promoting liver repair, mechanism of immune cell clearance that is important for resolution of inflammation and the return to normal homeostasis are not well characterized. CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor expressed on hepatocytes as well as neutrophils, monocytes, and hematopoietic stem cells. CXCR4 function is dependent on its selective expression on different cell types and thus can vary depending on the pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages through CXCR4 to promote macrophage apoptosis after APAP overdose. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to APAP overdose (300 mg/kg). Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the mode of cell death of macrophages and expression pattern of CXCR4 during the resolution phase of APAP hepatotoxicity. The impact of CXCR4 in regulation of macrophage apoptosis and liver recovery was assessed after administration of a monoclonal antibody against CXCR4. RNAseq analysis was performed on flow cytometry sorted CXCR4+ macrophages at 72 h to confirm the apoptotic cell death of macrophages. Our data indicate that the inflammatory response is resolved by recovering hepatocytes through induction of CXCR4 on macrophages, which triggers their cell death by apoptosis at the end of the recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Eileen L Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Olamide B Adelusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Antibiotic pretreatment attenuates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by Farnesoid X receptor activation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:484. [PMID: 35597796 PMCID: PMC9124217 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic antibiotics (Abx) are used before liver surgery, and the influence of antibiotic pretreatment on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains unclear. Hence, we explored the impact of Abx pretreatment on hepatic IRI in the present work. The gut microbiota has an essential role in hepatic bile acid (BA) metabolism, and we assumed that depletion of the gut microbiota could affect the composition of hepatic BAs and affect liver IRI. The IRI model demonstrated that Abx pretreatment attenuated liver IRI by alleviating cell apoptosis, reducing the inflammatory response, and decreasing the recruitment of CCR2+ monocytes. Mechanistically, Abx pretreatment reshaped the gut microbiota, especially decreasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes and increasing the relative abundance of Clostridium, which were related to the transformation of BAs and were consistent with the altered bile acid species (unconjugated BAs, especially UDCA). These altered BAs are known FXR agonists and lead to the activation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which can directly bind to the FXR response element (FXRE) harbored in the TLR4 promoter and further suppress downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Meanwhile, the CCL2-CCR2 axis was also involved in the process of FXR activation, as we confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, we proved the importance of FXR in mice and clinical occlusion samples, which were inversely correlated with liver injury. Taken together, our study identified that Abx pretreatment before liver resection was a beneficial event by activating FXR, which might become a potential therapeutic target in treating liver injury.
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Xu Q, Deng Y, Ming J, Luo Z, Chen X, Chen T, Wang Y, Yan S, Zhou J, Mao L, Sun W, Zhou Q, Ren H, Zhang Y. Methyl 6-O-cinnamoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside Ameliorates Acute Liver Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress Through the Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873938. [PMID: 35559264 PMCID: PMC9086595 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive stimulation of hepatotoxins and drugs often lead to acute liver injury, while treatment strategies for acute liver injury have been limited. Methyl 6-O-cinnamoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MCGP) is a structure modified compound from cinnamic acid, a key chemical found in plants with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of MCGP on acetaminophen (APAP)- or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. As a result, MCGP inhibited cell death and apoptosis induced by APAP or CCl4, and suppressed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation stimulated by H2O2 in liver AML12 cells. In vivo, MCGP alleviated APAP/CCl4-induced hepatic necrosis and resumed abnormal aminotransferase activities and liver antioxidase activities. In addition, MCGP depressed APAP- or CCl4-induced oxidative stress through the suppression of CYP2E1 and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. MCGP also enhanced the number of PCNA-positive hepatocytes, increased hepatic PCNA and Bcl-XL, and decreased BAX expression in APAP-/CCl4-intoxicated mice. Furthermore, MCGP activated the GSDMD-N/cleaved caspase 1 pathway. In summary, MCGP might act as a potential therapeutic drug against drug-induced and chemical-induced acute liver injuries, and its underlying mechanisms might engage on the pressing of oxidative stress, refraining of hepatocyte apoptosis, and facilitating of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfang Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxiong Ming
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianqi Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lina Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Biobank, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Murotomi K, Tawara H, Sutoh M, Yasunaga M. Iron-accumulating splenocytes may exacerbate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:848-855. [PMID: 35187967 PMCID: PMC9160938 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221077218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) results from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via multiple-parallel events, including hepatic triglyceride accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The complex interaction between the liver and multiple other organs is involved in NASH development. Although spleen-derived humoral factors can directly contribute to NAFLD/NASH onset via the portal vein, the status of the spleen in the early stage of NASH remains unknown. Here, our aim was to investigate whether splenocytes may exacerbate NASH via the generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines. Iron accumulation was observed in the spleen but not the liver, and the proportion of phagocytic macrophages increased in the spleen of Tsumura Suzuki Obese Diabetes (TSOD) mice showing histological characteristics of NASH in the early stage. The splenocytes generated moderate amounts of ROS and released high amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in response to lipopolysaccharide, indicating excessive inflammatory cytokine released by activated macrophages in iron-accumulating spleens. Our results suggest that iron-accumulating splenocytes can easily induce inflammation and contribute to exacerbate NASH via the portal vein. Thus, the regulation of iron metabolism in the spleen should be considered in the development of novel therapeutic targets against NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Biomedical Research Institute,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),
Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Tawara
- Institute for Animal
Reproduction, Kasumigaura 300-0134, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Sutoh
- Institute for Animal
Reproduction, Kasumigaura 300-0134, Japan
| | - Mayu Yasunaga
- Health and Medical Research
Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
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34
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Duan L, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Activation of the adenosine A2B receptor even beyond the therapeutic window of N-acetylcysteine accelerates liver recovery after an acetaminophen overdose. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112911. [PMID: 35292334 PMCID: PMC9018526 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the USA. The short therapeutic window of the current antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) highlights the need for novel late acting therapeutics. The neuronal guidance cue netrin-1 provides delayed protection against APAP hepatotoxicity through the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR). The clinical relevance of this mechanism was investigated here by administration of the A2BAR agonist BAY 60-6583, after an APAP overdose (300 or 600 mg/kg) in fasted male and female C57BL/6J mice with assessment of liver injury 6 or 24 h after APAP in comparison to NAC. BAY 60-6583 treatment 1.5 h after APAP overdose (600 mg/kg) protected against liver injury at 6 h by preserving mitochondrial function despite JNK activation and its mitochondrial translocation. Gender independent protection was sustained when BAY 60-6583 was given 6 h after APAP overdose (300 mg/kg), when NAC administration did not show benefit. This protection was accompanied by enhanced infiltration of macrophages with the reparative anti-inflammatory phenotype by 24 h, accompanied by a decrease in neutrophil infiltration. Thus, our data emphasize the remarkable therapeutic utility of using an A2BAR agonist, which provides delayed protection long after the standard of care NAC ceased to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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35
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Cai X, Cai H, Wang J, Yang Q, Guan J, Deng J, Chen Z. Molecular pathogenesis of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and its treatment options. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:265-285. [PMID: 35403383 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen, also known as N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), is commonly used as an antipyretic and analgesic agent. APAP overdose can induce hepatic toxicity, known as acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). However, therapeutic doses of APAP can also induce AILI in patients with excessive alcohol intake or who are fasting. Hence, there is a need to understand the potential pathological mechanisms underlying AILI. In this review, we summarize three main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AILI: hepatocyte necrosis, sterile inflammation, and hepatocyte regeneration. The relevant factors are elucidated and discussed. For instance, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) protein adducts trigger mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress during hepatocyte necrosis, danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released to elicit sterile inflammation, and certain growth factors contribute to liver regeneration. Finally, we describe the current potential treatment options for AILI patients and promising novel strategies available to researchers and pharmacists. This review provides a clearer understanding of AILI-related mechanisms to guide drug screening and selection for the clinical treatment of AILI patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Huiqiang Cai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingwen Deng
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China. , .,Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China. ,
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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36
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Zhou J, Feng X, Zhu J, Feng B, Yao Q, Pan Q, Yu J, Yang J, Li L, Cao H. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Restores Liver Macrophages Homeostasis to Alleviate Mouse Acute Liver Injury Revealed by Single-cell Analysis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106229. [PMID: 35470065 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) is characterized by massive hepatocyte necrosis and subsequent recruitment of myeloid cells to liver. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic potential for ALI through their immunoregulation on macrophages, but the mechanism is not completely clear due to the heterogeneity and controversy of liver macrophages. Here, we detected the survival rate, biochemical indexes, histopathology, and inflammatory chemokine levels to assess the efficacy of MSC treatment on CCl4-induced ALI of C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) were used to precisely distinguish macrophage populations and reveal the immunoregulation of MSCs. MSC treatment could effectively alleviate ALI and mitigate the recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes. Flow cytometry and scRNA-Seq analyses collectively indicated that there were monocytes with high Ly6C expression and heterogeneous monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMF) with low Ly6C expression in liver. Ly6Chi pro-inflammatory monocytes and Ly6Clo MoMF with powerful phagocytosis dominated during the acute injury period. MSC treatment promoted the transition from Ly6Chi to Ly6Clo population, inhibit the proinflammatory function of monocytes and promote the lysosomal function of MoMF. Furthermore, MSCs attenuated the recruitment of neutrophils by reducing the expression of CXCL2 of MoMF. MoMF with high expression of arginase 1 appeared during the recovery period, and MSCs could increase their expression of arginase 1, which may promote liver repair. To sum up, we demonstrated the characteristics of distinct MoMF during different periods of ALI and revealed their functional changes after MSC treatment, providing immunotherapeutic targets for MSC treatment of ALI.
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37
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Shao S, Zhang Y, Li G, Yu Z, Cao Y, Zheng L, Zhang K, Han X, Shi Z, Cui H, Song X, Hong W, Han T. The dynamics of cell death patterns and regeneration during acute liver injury in mice. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1061-1074. [PMID: 35184410 PMCID: PMC9063440 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury is a serious clinical syndrome with multiple causes and unclear pathological process. Here, CCl4‐ and D‐galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D‐gal/LPS)‐induced acute liver injury was established to explore the cell death patterns and determine whether or not liver regeneration occurred. In CCl4‐induced hepatic injury, three phases, including the early, progressive, and recovery phase, were considered based on alterations of serum transaminases and liver morphology. Moreover, in this model, cytokines exhibited double‐peak fluctuations; apoptosis and pyroptosis persisted throughout all phases; autophagy occurred in the early and the progressive phases; and sufficient and timely hepatocyte regeneration was observed only during the recovery phase. All of these phenomena contribute to mild liver injury and subsequent regeneration. Strikingly, only the early and progressive phases were observed in the D‐gal/LPS model. Slight pyroptosis occurred in the early phase but diminished in the progressive phase, while apoptosis, reduced autophagy, and slight but subsequently diminished regeneration occurred only during the progressive phase, accompanied by a strong cytokine storm, resulting in severe liver injury with high mortality. Taken together, our work reveals variable modes and dynamics of cell death and regeneration, which lead to different consequences for mild and severe acute liver injury, providing a helpful reference for clinical therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- The School of Medicine NanKai University Tianjin China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University China
| | - Guantong Li
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University China
| | - Zhenjun Yu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University China
| | - Yingying Cao
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University China
| | - Lina Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xiaohui Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Zhemin Shi
- Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Hongmei Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Tao Han
- The School of Medicine NanKai University Tianjin China
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University China
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Tianjin Union Medical Center Nankai University Tianjin China
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Tianjin Third Central Hospital affiliated to Nankai University Tianjin China
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38
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Akkermansia muciniphila Ameliorates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating Gut Microbial Composition and Metabolism. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0159621. [PMID: 35107323 PMCID: PMC8809353 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01596-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota drives individual sensitivity to excess acetaminophen (APAP)-mediated hepatotoxicity. It has been reported that the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila protects hosts against liver disease via the liver-gut axis, but its therapeutic potential for drug-induced liver injury remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. muciniphila on APAP-induced liver injury and the underlying mechanism. Administration of A. muciniphila efficiently alleviated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and reduced the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). A. muciniphila significantly attenuated APAP-induced oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, as evidenced by restoration of the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) balance, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, and alleviation of macrophage and neutrophil infiltration. Moreover, A. muciniphila maintained gut barrier function, reshaped the perturbed microbial community and promoted short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) secretion. The beneficial effects of A. muciniphila were accompanied by alterations in hepatic gene expression at the transcriptional level and activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Our results suggested that A. muciniphila could be a potential pretreatment for APAP-induced liver injury. IMPORTANCE Our work revealed that A. muciniphila attenuated APAP-induced liver injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, and its hepatoprotective effect was accompanied by activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and mediated by regulation of the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. This finding suggested that the microbial community is a non-negligible impact on drug metabolism and probiotic administration could be a potential therapy for drug-induced liver injury.
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Agrafioti P, Morin-Baxter J, Tanagala KKK, Dubey S, Sims P, Lalla E, Momen-Heravi F. Decoding the role of macrophages in periodontitis and type 2 diabetes using single-cell RNA-sequencing. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22136. [PMID: 35032412 PMCID: PMC8881186 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101198r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are resident myeloid cells in the gingival tissue which control homeostasis and play a pivotal role in orchestrating the immune response in periodontitis. Cell heterogeneity and functional phenotypes of macrophage subpopulations in periodontitis remain elusive. Here, we isolated gingival tissue from periodontitis-affected and healthy sites of patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We then used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to define the heterogeneity of tissue-resident macrophages in gingival tissue in health vs. periodontitis. scRNA-seq demonstrated an unforeseen gene expression heterogeneity among macrophages in periodontitis and showed transcriptional and signaling heterogeneity of identified subsets in an independent cohort of patients with periodontitis and T2DM. Our bioinformatic inferences indicated divergent expression profiles in macrophages driven by transcriptional regulators CIITA, RELA, RFX5, and RUNX2. Macrophages in periodontitis expressed both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers and their polarization was not mutually exclusive. The majority of macrophages in periodontitis expressed the monocyte lineage marker CD14, indicating their bone marrow lineage. We also found high expression and activation of RELA, a subunit of the NF-κB transcription factor complex, in gingival macrophages of periodontitis patients with T2DM. Our data suggested that heterogeneity and hyperinflammatory activation of macrophages may be relevant to the pathogenesis and outcomes of periodontitis, and may be further augmented in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Agrafioti
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,Cancer Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Morin-Baxter
- Cancer Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kranthi K. K. Tanagala
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,Cancer Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sunil Dubey
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,Cancer Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evanthia Lalla
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,Cancer Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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40
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Papachristoforou E, Ramachandran P. Macrophages as key regulators of liver health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:143-212. [PMID: 35636927 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells and key cellular components of the liver. Hepatic macrophages consist of embryologically-derived resident Kupffer cells (KC), recruited monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and capsular macrophages. Both the diversity and plasticity of hepatic macrophage subsets explain their different functions in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis and in injury processes in acute and chronic liver diseases. In this review, we assess the evidence for macrophage involvement in regulating both liver health and injury responses in liver diseases including acute liver injury (ALI), chronic liver disease (CLD) (including liver fibrosis) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In healthy livers, KC display critical functions such as phagocytosis, danger signal recognition, cytokine release, antigen processing and the ability to orchestrate immune responses and maintain immunological tolerance. However, in most liver diseases there is a striking hepatic MDM expansion, which orchestrate both disease progression and regression. Single-cell approaches have transformed our understanding of liver macrophage heterogeneity, dynamics, and functions in both human samples and preclinical models. We will further discuss the new insights provided by these approaches and how they are enabling high-fidelity work to specifically identify pathogenic macrophage subpopulations. Given the important role of macrophages in regulating injury responses in a broad range of settings, there is now a huge interest in developing new therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting macrophages. Therefore, we also review the current approaches being used to modulate macrophage function in liver diseases and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting macrophage subpopulations as a novel treatment strategy for patients with liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papachristoforou
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Jaeschke H, Adelusi OB, Akakpo JY, Nguyen NT, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Umbaugh DS, Ding WX, Ramachandran A. Recommendations for the use of the acetaminophen hepatotoxicity model for mechanistic studies and how to avoid common pitfalls. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3740-3755. [PMID: 35024303 PMCID: PMC8727921 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, which is safe at therapeutic doses but can cause severe liver injury and even liver failure after overdoses. The mouse model of APAP hepatotoxicity recapitulates closely the human pathophysiology. As a result, this clinically relevant model is frequently used to study mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury and even more so to test potential therapeutic interventions. However, the complexity of the model requires a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology to obtain valid results and mechanistic information that is translatable to the clinic. However, many studies using this model are flawed, which jeopardizes the scientific and clinical relevance. The purpose of this review is to provide a framework of the model where mechanistically sound and clinically relevant data can be obtained. The discussion provides insight into the injury mechanisms and how to study it including the critical roles of drug metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, necrotic cell death, autophagy and the sterile inflammatory response. In addition, the most frequently made mistakes when using this model are discussed. Thus, considering these recommendations when studying APAP hepatotoxicity will facilitate the discovery of more clinically relevant interventions.
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Key Words
- AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- ATG, autophagy-related genes
- Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- BSO, buthionine sulfoximine
- CAD, caspase-activated DNase
- CYP, cytochrome P450 enzymes
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- Drug metabolism
- EndoG, endonuclease G
- FSP1, ferroptosis suppressing protein 1
- Ferroptosis
- GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4
- GSH, glutathione
- GSSG, glutathione disulfide
- Gclc, glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- Gclm, glutamate–cysteine ligase modifier subunit
- HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1
- HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- Innate immunity
- JNK, c-jun N-terminal kinase
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein
- LC3, light chain 3
- LOOH, lipid hydroperoxides
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- MAP kinase, mitogen activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition
- Mitochondria
- MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
- NRF2
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SMAC/DIABLO, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI
- TLR, toll like receptor
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Olamide B Adelusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jephte Y Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Gong L, Liao L, Dai X, Xue X, Peng C, Li Y. The dual role of immune response in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: Implication for immune pharmacological targets. Toxicol Lett 2021; 351:37-52. [PMID: 34454010 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP), one of the most widely used antipyretic and analgesic drugs, principally contributes to drug-induced liver injury when taken at a high dose. APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) results in extensive necrosis of hepatocytes along with the occurrence of multiple intracellular events such as metabolic activation, cell injury, and signaling pathway activation. However, the specific role of the immune response in AILI remains controversial for its complicated regulatory mechanisms. A variety of inflammasomes, immune cells, inflammatory mediators, and signaling transduction pathways are activated in AILI. These immune components play antagonistic roles in aggravating the liver injury or promoting regeneration. Recent experimental studies indicated that natural products showed remarkable therapeutic effects against APAP hepatotoxicity due to their favorable efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to review the present understanding of the immune response in AILI and attempted to establish ties among a series of inflammatory cascade reactions. Also, the immune molecular mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of AILI were extensively reviewed, thus providing a fundamental basis for exploring the potential pharmacological targets associated with immune interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuyang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Abaricia JO, Farzad N, Heath TJ, Simmons J, Morandini L, Olivares-Navarrete R. Control of innate immune response by biomaterial surface topography, energy, and stiffness. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:58-73. [PMID: 33882355 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the focus of implantable biomaterials has shifted from bioinert implants to bioactive designs, recent research has highlighted the complex interactions between cell physiologic systems and material properties, particularly physical cues. From the cells known to interact with implanted biomaterials, the response of the immune system has been a critical target of study recently. Here, we review studies characterizing the response of innate immune cells to various material cues, particularly of those at the surface of implanted materials.The innate immune system consists of cell types with various roles in inflammation. Neutrophils and macrophages serve both phagocytic and signaling roles, especially early in the inflammatory phase of biomaterial implantation. These cell types ultimately dictate the outcome of implants as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or integration. Other cell types like dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells may also serve an immunomodulatory role in the biomaterial context. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the role of innate immunity in the response to implantable biomaterials as well as key mechanobiological findings in innate immune cells underpinning these advances. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the role of innate immunity in the response to implantable biomaterials, especially in neutrophils and macrophages, as well as key mechanobiological findings in innate immune cells underpinning these advances. Here we discuss how physicochemical properties of biomaterials control innate immune cell behavior.
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Ni M, Zhang J, Sosa R, Zhang H, Wang H, Jin D, Crowley K, Naini B, Elaine RF, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Wang X, Zhai Y. T-Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain-Containing Protein-4 Is Critical for Kupffer Cell Homeostatic Function in the Activation and Resolution of Liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Hepatology 2021; 74:2118-2132. [PMID: 33999437 PMCID: PMC9060306 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) remains an unresolved clinical problem. This study dissected roles of liver-resident macrophage Kupffer cells (KCs), with a functional focus on efferocytosis receptor T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-4 (TIM-4), in both the activation and resolution of IRI in a murine liver partial warm ischemia model. APPROACH AND RESULTS Fluorescence-activated cell sorting results showed that TIM-4 was expressed exclusively by KCs, but not infiltrating macrophages (iMФs), in IR livers. Anti-TIM-4 antibody depleted TIM-4+ macrophages in vivo, resulting in either alleviation or deterioration of liver IRI, which was determined by the repopulation kinetics of the KC niche with CD11b+ macrophages. To determine the KC-specific function of TIM-4, we reconstituted clodronate-liposome-treated mice with exogenous wild-type or TIM-4-deficient KCs at either 0 hour or 24 hours postreperfusion. TIM-4 deficiency in KCs resulted in not only increases in the severity of liver IRI (at 6 hours postreperfusion), but also impairment of the inflammation resolution (at 7 days postreperfusion). In vitro analysis revealed that TIM-4 promoted KC efferocytosis to regulate their Toll-like receptor response by up-regulating IL-10 and down-regulating TNF-α productions. CONCLUSIONS TIM-4 is critical for KC homeostatic function in both the activation and resolution of liver IRI by efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery,Hepatobiliary Center, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Rebecca Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Han Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Jin
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaitlyn Crowley
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Bita Naini
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Reed, F. Elaine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China,Address for correspondence: Yuan Zhai, MD, PhD. Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center 77-120 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Phone: (310) 825-9426; Fax: (310) 267-2367, , Xuehao Wang, MD, Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, P.R.China 210029, Phone: 86-25-68136053; Fax:86-25-84630769,
| | - Yuan Zhai
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery,Address for correspondence: Yuan Zhai, MD, PhD. Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center 77-120 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Phone: (310) 825-9426; Fax: (310) 267-2367, , Xuehao Wang, MD, Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, P.R.China 210029, Phone: 86-25-68136053; Fax:86-25-84630769,
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Campana L, Esser H, Huch M, Forbes S. Liver regeneration and inflammation: from fundamental science to clinical applications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:608-624. [PMID: 34079104 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a complex process involving the crosstalk of multiple cell types, including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. The healthy liver is mitotically quiescent, but following toxic damage or resection the cells can rapidly enter the cell cycle to restore liver mass and function. During this process of regeneration, epithelial and non-parenchymal cells respond in a tightly coordinated fashion. Recent studies have described the interaction between inflammatory cells and a number of other cell types in the liver. In particular, macrophages can support biliary regeneration, contribute to fibrosis remodelling by repressing hepatic stellate cell activation and improve liver regeneration by scavenging dead or dying cells in situ. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms of tissue repair following damage, highlighting the close relationship between inflammation and liver regeneration, and discuss how recent findings can help design novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Campana
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hannah Esser
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Tian X, Wang Y, Lu Y, Wang W, Du J, Chen S, Zhou H, Cai W, Xiao Y. Conditional depletion of macrophages ameliorates cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis via lncRNA-H19. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:646. [PMID: 34168124 PMCID: PMC8225916 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although macrophages are recognized as important players in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, their roles in cholestatic liver fibrosis remain incompletely understood. We previously reported that long noncoding RNA-H19 (lncRNA-H19) contributes to cholangiocyte proliferation and cholestatic liver fibrosis of biliary atresia (BA). We here show that monocyte/macrophage CD11B mRNA levels are increased significantly in livers of BA patients and positively correlated with the progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis. The macrophages increasingly infiltrate and accumulate in the fibrotic niche and peribiliary areas in livers of BA patients. Selective depletion of macrophages using the transgenic CD11b-diphtheria toxin receptor (CD11b-DTR) mice halts bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced progression of liver damage and fibrosis. Meanwhile, macrophage depletion significantly reduces the BDL-induced hepatic lncRNA-H19. Overexpression of H19 in livers using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) counteracts the effects of macrophage depletion on liver fibrosis and cholangiocyte proliferation. Additionally, both H19 knockout (H19-/-) and conditional deletion of H19 in macrophage (H19ΔCD11B) significantly depress the macrophage polarization and recruitment. lncRNA-H19 overexpressed in THP-1 macrophages enhance expression of Rho-GTPase CDC42 and RhoA. In conclusions, selectively depletion of macrophages suppresses cholestatic liver injuries and fibrosis via the lncRNA-H19 and represents a potential therapeutic strategy for rapid liver fibrosis in BA patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD11b Antigen/genetics
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation
- Cholestasis/complications
- Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor/genetics
- Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/prevention & control
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- THP-1 Cells
- cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbei Tian
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and McGuire Veterans AfSfairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Wei Cai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongtao Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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47
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Duan L, Woolbright BL, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Late Protective Effect of Netrin-1 in the Murine Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity Model. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:168-181. [PMID: 32207522 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced acute liver failure is an important clinical problem in the United States and the current antidote N-acetylcysteine, has a short early therapeutic window. Since most patients present late to the clinic, there is need for novel late-acting therapeutic options. Though the neuronal guidance cue netrin-1, has been shown to promote hepatic repair and regeneration during liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, its effect in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is unknown. In the quest for a late-acting therapeutic intervention in APAP-induced liver injury, we examined the role of netrin-1 in a mouse model of APAP overdose. Male C57BL/6J mice were cotreated with exogenous netrin-1 or vehicle control, along with 300 mg/kg APAP and euthanized at 6, 12, and 24 h. Significant elevations in alanine aminotransferase indicative of liver injury were seen in control mice at 6 h and this was not affected by netrin-1 administration. Also, netrin-1 treatment did not influence mitochondrial translocation of phospho-JNK, or peroxynitrite formation indicating that there was no interference with APAP-induced injury processes. Interestingly however, netrin-1 administration attenuated liver injury at 24 h, as seen by alanine aminotransferase levels and histology, at which time significant elevations in the netrin-1 receptor, adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) as well as macrophage infiltration was evident. Removal of resident macrophages with clodronate liposomes or treatment with the A2BAR antagonist PSB1115 blocked the protective effects of netrin-1. Thus, our data indicate a previously unrecognized role for netrin-1 in attenuation of APAP hepatotoxicity by enhancing recovery and regeneration, which is mediated through the A2BAR and involves resident liver macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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48
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Zwicker C, Bujko A, Scott CL. Hepatic Macrophage Responses in Inflammation, a Function of Plasticity, Heterogeneity or Both? Front Immunol 2021; 12:690813. [PMID: 34177948 PMCID: PMC8220199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing availability and accessibility of single cell technologies, much attention has been given to delineating the specific populations of cells present in any given tissue. In recent years, hepatic macrophage heterogeneity has also begun to be examined using these strategies. While previously any macrophage in the liver was considered to be a Kupffer cell (KC), several studies have recently revealed the presence of distinct subsets of hepatic macrophages, including those distinct from KCs both under homeostatic and non-homeostatic conditions. This heterogeneity has brought the concept of macrophage plasticity into question. Are KCs really as plastic as once thought, being capable of responding efficiently and specifically to any given stimuli? Or are the differential responses observed from hepatic macrophages in distinct settings due to the presence of multiple subsets of these cells? With these questions in mind, here we examine what is currently understood regarding hepatic macrophage heterogeneity in mouse and human and examine the role of heterogeneity vs plasticity in regards to hepatic macrophage responses in settings of both pathogen-induced and sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zwicker
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna Bujko
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte L. Scott
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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49
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Application of deep eutectic solvent and SWCNT-ZrO2 nanocomposite as conductive mediators for the fabrication of simple and rapid electrochemical sensor for determination of trace anti-migration drugs. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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50
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Okamoto N, Ohama H, Matsui M, Fukunishi S, Higuchi K, Asai A. Hepatic F4/80 + CD11b + CD68 - cells influence the antibacterial response in irradiated mice with sepsis by Enterococcus faecalis. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:943-952. [PMID: 33899953 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0820-550rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated sepsis is a major problem in patients undergoing abdominal radiation therapy; the majority of pathogens causing this type of sepsis are translocated from the gut microbiota. While treating sepsis, bacterial clearance must be achieved to ensure patient survival, and the hepatic immune response is responsible for this process. In particular, Kupffer cells play a crucial role in the hepatic immune response against infectious agents. Recently, two populations of Kupffer cells have been described: liver-resident macrophages (Mϕ) (F4/80+ CD11b- CD68+ cells) and hepatic Mϕ derived from circulating monocytes (F4/80+ CD11b+ CD68- cells). We examined the properties of both types of hepatic Mϕ obtained from irradiated and normal mice and their role in sepsis. Hepatic F4/80+ CD11b- CD68+ cells from both normal and irradiated mice did not show any antibacterial activity. However, F4/80+ CD11b+ CD68- cells from normal mice behaved as effector cells against sepsis by Enterococcus faecalis, although those from irradiated mice lost this ability. Moreover, hepatic F4/80+ CD11b+ CD68- cells from normal infected mice were shown to be IL-12+ IL-10- CD206- CCL1- (considered M1Mϕ), and hepatic F4/80+ CD11b- CD68+ cells from the same mice were shown to be IL-12- IL-10+ CD206+ CCL1- (considered M2aMϕ). When normal mice were exposed to radiation, hepatic F4/80+ CD11b+ CD68- cells altered their phenotype to IL-12- IL-10+ CD206- CCL1+ (considered M2bMϕ), independent of infection, but hepatic F4/80+ CD11b- CD68+ cells remained IL-12- IL-10+ CD206+ CCL1- (M2aMϕ). In addition, hepatic F4/80+ CD11b+ CD68- cells from irradiated mice acquired antibacterial activity upon treatment with CCL1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Therefore, the characteristics of hepatic F4/80+ CD11b+ CD68- cells play a key role in the antibacterial response against gut-associated sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Okamoto
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Hideko Ohama
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsui
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukunishi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
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