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Meng X, Chong PH, Ke L, Zhang P, Li L, Song B, Yu Z, Rao P. Distinguishable short-term effects of tea and water drinking on human saliva redox. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:22. [PMID: 38649360 PMCID: PMC11035607 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Food consumption can alter the biochemistry and redox status of human saliva, and the serving temperature of food may also play a role. The study aimed to explore the immediate (3 min) and delayed (30 min) effects of hot tea (57 ± 0.5 °C) ingestion and cold tea (8 ± 0.5 °C) ingestion on the salivary flow rate and salivary redox-relevant attributes. The saliva was collected from 20 healthy adults before, 3-min after and 30-min after the tea ingestion. The hot or cold deionised water at the same temperatures were used as control. The salivary flow rate and redox markers in hot tea (HBT), cold tea (CBT), hot water (HW) and cold water (CW) group were analysed and compared. The results demonstrated that neither the black tea nor the water altered the salivary flow rate; the black tea immediately increased the salivary thiol (SH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content while reduced salivary uric acid (UA) significantly. The tea ingestion showed a tendency to elevate the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in saliva, although not significantly. The water ingestion decreased the MDA content immediately and increased the UA level significantly. Cold water was found to induce a greater delayed increase in total salivary total protein (TPC) than the hot water. In conclusion, the black tea ingestion affects the redox attributes of human saliva acutely and significantly, while the temperature of drink makes the secondary contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Meng
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Pik Han Chong
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Lijing Ke
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Pengwei Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Li Li
- Clinical Medicine College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Song
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Zhaoshuo Yu
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
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Thomas DC, Manfredini D, Patel J, George A, Chanamolu B, Pitchumani PK, Sangalli L. Sleep bruxism: The past, the present, and the future-evolution of a concept. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:329-343. [PMID: 38363252 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of sleep bruxism (SB) has evolved exponentially over the past several decades. Many theories and hypotheses have been proposed as to the definition, pathophysiology, and management of SB, from the early 1960s through the present. The role of peripheral factors, such as dental occlusion, in the pathogenesis of SB has been discarded. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors searched several electronic databases (ie, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE) for studies on bruxism. The search was conducted from January 1961 through May 2023 and yielded 4,612 articles, of which 312 were selected for comprehensive review after eliminating duplicates and nonfocused articles. RESULTS There has been an evident progressive shift from the role of peripheral factors, such as dental occlusion, to more central factors, such as the involvement of a central pattern generator as well as the autonomic nervous system, in the genesis of bruxing movements. There is continued robust interest in the dental community to elucidate the contributing factors involved in SB. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The neurophysiology of SB appears to be leaning more toward central rather than peripheral factors. There is increasing evidence of the role of the autonomic nervous system, genetics, and comorbidities in the genesis of SB. The scientific literature seems to refute the role of dental occlusion in the causation of bruxing movements. As per the literature, there has been a paradigm shift in the definition and genesis of SB and its possible dental implications and management, which also highlights the need for succinct scientific studies in this regard.
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Hunting A, Steffanoni B, Jacques A, Miles A. Accumulated Secretions and Associated Aerodigestive Function in Patients With Dysphagia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:2691-2702. [PMID: 37696043 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-23-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulated pharyngo-laryngeal secretions are associated with dysphagia, aspiration, and poor health outcomes. Despite ongoing developments in the evaluation of pharyngo-laryngeal secretions, understanding of the underlying mechanisms is limited. Pathophysiology associated with accumulated secretions is needed to guide tailored, targeted treatment pathways. This study reports the prevalence of accumulated pharyngo-laryngeal secretions in a large acute care caseload and explores the relationship between secretions and aerodigestive function. METHOD Consecutive inpatients (N = 222) referred for flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallow (FEES) with suspected dysphagia following assessment by a speech-language pathologist were recruited (43% neurological, 22% neurosurgical, 20% critical care, 15% other), and 250 standardized FEES were completed (222 first FEES, 28 repeat FEES). The assessment protocol included secretion assessment using the New Zealand Secretion Scale (NZSS), pharyngeal squeeze maneuver, laryngeal motor and sensory assessment, Penetration-Aspiration Scale, and Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale. Urge-to-clear ratings were collected during endoscopy. Cough peak expiratory flow and swallow frequency measures were also collected, as well as clinical outcomes at time of discharge. RESULTS There was a high incidence of accumulated secretions, with 77% of inpatients having elevated NZSS (Mdn = 3, range: 0-7) and 37% with pooled laryngeal secretions. Accumulated secretions were associated with reduced swallow frequency, reduced laryngeal adductor reflex, impaired pharyngeal squeeze maneuver, and peak expiratory flow. NZSS scores also correlated with swallow measures (Penetration-Aspiration Scale and Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale) and patient outcomes including diet recommendations at discharge and pneumonia during admission. CONCLUSIONS This large study contributes to evidence associating both sensory and motor impairments with secretion accumulation and aspiration risk. Further exploration of the key physiological mechanisms contributing to accumulated secretions will serve as markers to provide proof of principle for targets for secretion management protocols. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24101667.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hunting
- Speech Pathology Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Angela Jacques
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle
- Department of Research, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Anna Miles
- Department of Speech Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Isomura ET, Suna S, Kurakami H, Hikoso S, Uchihashi T, Yokota Y, Sakata Y, Tanaka S. Not brushing teeth at night may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10467. [PMID: 37380762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether toothbrushing timing affects cardiovascular disease risk. We enrolled 1675 patients aged ≥ 20 years who were hospitalized for surgery, examination, or medical treatment. The participants were categorized as follows based on toothbrushing: Group MN (brushing teeth after waking up and at night, n = 409), Group Night (brushing teeth at night but not upon waking up, n = 751), Group M (brushing teeth after waking up but not at night, n = 164), and Group None (not brushing teeth at all, n = 259). The participants' age, sex, smoking history, and follow-up results were evaluated. Group M had four times as many men as women. Multivariate analysis of cardiovascular events showed significantly higher survival estimates in Group MN (P = 0.021) and Group Night (P = 0.004) than in Group None. Kaplan-Meier analysis of subgroups based on smoking status revealed that smokers in Group None had significantly worse prognosis for cardiovascular onset events than smokers in other groups; non-smokers in Groups None and M showed significantly worse prognosis on hospitalization. Our findings are limited to cardiovascular diseases and cannot be generalized to healthy populations. However, we suggest that brushing teeth at night is important for lowering cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Tanaka Isomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Unit of Dentistry, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Suna
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kurakami
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Shungo Hikoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Uchihashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Unit of Dentistry, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yokota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Roenneberg T, Foster RG, Klerman EB. The circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance: a conceptual review. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13621. [PMID: 35670313 PMCID: PMC9352354 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The field of "circadian medicine" is a recent addition to chronobiology and sleep research efforts. It represents a logical step arising from the increasing insights into the circadian system and its interactions with life in urbanised societies; applying these insights to the health/disease balance at home and in the medical practice (outpatient) and clinic (inpatient). Despite its fast expansion and proliferating research efforts, circadian medicine lacks a formal framework to categorise the many observations describing interactions among the circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance. A good framework allows us to categorise observations and then assign them to one or more components with hypothesised interactions. Such assignments can lead to experiments that document causal (rather than correlational) relationships and move from describing observations to discovering mechanisms. This review details such a proposed formal framework for circadian medicine and will hopefully trigger discussion among our colleagues, so that the framework can be improved and expanded. As the basis of the framework for circadian medicine, we define "circadian health" and how it links to general health. We then define interactions among the circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance and put the framework into the context of the literature with examples from six domains of health/disease balance: fertility, cancer, immune system, mental health, cardiovascular, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ferrández-Pujante A, Pérez-Silva A, Serna-Muñoz C, Fuster-Soler JL, Galera-Miñarro AM, Cabello I, Ortiz-Ruiz AJ. Prevention and Treatment of Oral Complications in Hematologic Childhood Cancer Patients: An Update. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:566. [PMID: 35455610 PMCID: PMC9029683 DOI: 10.3390/children9040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancers have a highly negative impact on the quality of life of paediatric patients and require an individualised oral treatment program for the phases of the disease. The aim of this study was to update existing research on oral care in children diagnosed with cancer. We carried out a literature search (in English, Spanish and Portuguese) in the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, WOS, SciELO, Lilacs, ProQuest, and SCOPUS databases and the websites of hospitals that treat childhood cancers. We found 114 articles and two hospital protocols. After review, we describe the interventions necessary to maintain oral health in children with cancer, divided into: phase I, before initiation of cancer treatment (review of medical record and oral history, planning of preventive strategies and dental treatments); phase II, from initiation of chemo-radiotherapy to 30-45 days post-therapy (maintenance of oral hygiene, reinforcement of parent/patient education in oral care, prevention and treatment of complications derived from cancer treatment); phase III, from 1 year to lifetime (periodic check-ups, maintenance, and reinforcement of oral hygiene, dental treatments, symptomatic care of the effects of long-term cancer treatment). The use of standardised protocols can avoid or minimise oral cancer complications and the side effects of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ferrández-Pujante
- Department of Integral Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain; (A.F.-P.); (A.P.-S.); (C.S.-M.); (A.J.O.-R.)
| | - Amparo Pérez-Silva
- Department of Integral Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain; (A.F.-P.); (A.P.-S.); (C.S.-M.); (A.J.O.-R.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.L.F.-S.); (A.M.G.-M.)
| | - Clara Serna-Muñoz
- Department of Integral Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain; (A.F.-P.); (A.P.-S.); (C.S.-M.); (A.J.O.-R.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.L.F.-S.); (A.M.G.-M.)
| | - José Luis Fuster-Soler
- Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.L.F.-S.); (A.M.G.-M.)
- Paediatric Oncology Section, Children’s University Hospital Virgen of Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Mª Galera-Miñarro
- Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.L.F.-S.); (A.M.G.-M.)
- Paediatric Oncology Section, Children’s University Hospital Virgen of Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Cabello
- Department of Integral Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain; (A.F.-P.); (A.P.-S.); (C.S.-M.); (A.J.O.-R.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.L.F.-S.); (A.M.G.-M.)
| | - Antonio J. Ortiz-Ruiz
- Department of Integral Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain; (A.F.-P.); (A.P.-S.); (C.S.-M.); (A.J.O.-R.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.L.F.-S.); (A.M.G.-M.)
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Kohno A, Kohno M, Ohkoshi S. Swallowing and aspiration during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea versus control individuals. Sleep 2022; 45:6528989. [PMID: 35167701 PMCID: PMC8996030 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
There are only a few reports on voluntary swallowing during sleep; therefore, this study aimed to propose a method for observing voluntary swallowing during sleep using polysomnography. The frequency of voluntary swallowing during sleep and the factors related to swallowing and aspiration during sleep were investigated.
Methods
Polysomnography records of 20 control subjects and 60 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (mild, moderate, and severe groups; n = 20 each) were collected. Simultaneous increases in the electromyographic potentials of the submental and masseter muscles, termed coactivation, and declining oronasal airflow (SA) were extracted as “swallowing.” The cough reflex that occurred during sleep was extracted as “aspiration.” The frequency of swallowing events was compared among the different OSA severity groups. Subsequently, a multivariate regression analysis was performed.
Results
The average frequency of coactivation with SA in control subjects was 4.1 events/h and that without SA was 1.7 events/h. These frequencies increased with the severity of OSA during non-REM sleep. The distance of the hyoid to the Frankfurt plane was associated with the frequency of coactivation with (β = 0.298, p = 0.017) as well as without SA (β = 0.271, p = 0.038). The frequency of coactivation without SA was associated with aspiration (B = 0.192, p = 0.042).
Conclusions
Our data provide new insights into the relationship between swallowing and aspiration during sleep. We found that the longer the distance from the hyoid bone to the Frankfurt plane, the higher the coactivation without SA, which could lead to aspiration during sleep.
Clinical Trials
Retrospective observational study of swallowing during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea patients using polysomnography, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000050460, UMIN000044187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kohno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan
- Center for Dental Sleep Medicine, Nippon Dental University Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaki Kohno
- Center for Dental Sleep Medicine, Nippon Dental University Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shogo Ohkoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan
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Ciribè M, Galeotti A, Dolci C, Gargiullo L, Mammone M, Cirillo E, Festa P, La Torre G. Cross Sectional Study on the Association between Dental Caries and Life Habits in School Age Italian Children. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:607. [PMID: 35455785 PMCID: PMC9028244 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is still a major public health issue and influences the overall health of children. The risk factors for caries include biological, socio-behavioral, and environmental factors. Our aim is to assess the association between dental caries and the life habits of children and their parents. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rome (Italy) among primary school children aged 5 to 11. Parents completed the anamnestic questionnaire, and a dental clinical examination was performed on 333 children. Caries prevalence was 38.7% overall, 47% in males and 31.9% in females. The association between bottle night-time feeding and caries was statistically significant (43.2%; p = 0.013). Usage of a honeyed pacifier was also significantly associated with the presence of caries (72.7%; p = 0.027). Finally, higher caries prevalence was found among male children (47% vs. 31.9%; p = 0.005). The present study shows that the percentage of caries is still high in the paediatric population, and caries prevalence is associated with life habits. Our results highlight the importance of oral health education programs at primary school that involve teachers and parents to contribute to improving lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Ciribè
- Dentistry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale Ferdinando Baldelli 41, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Angela Galeotti
- Dentistry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale Ferdinando Baldelli 41, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Chiara Dolci
- Dentistry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale Ferdinando Baldelli 41, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Livia Gargiullo
- Pediatric Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Martina Mammone
- Dentistry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale Ferdinando Baldelli 41, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Erika Cirillo
- Dentistry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale Ferdinando Baldelli 41, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Paola Festa
- Dentistry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale Ferdinando Baldelli 41, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Gómez-García F, Diaz-Madrid JÁ, López-Jornet P, Guirao JLG, Guerrero-Sánchez Y. A Stimulator of the Salivary Excretion Based on Physical Vibration of the Parotid Glands. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8252170. [PMID: 35237343 PMCID: PMC8885243 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8252170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral dryness causes significant health problems both functional (difficulty speaking, chewing and swallowing) and structural in teeth (increased number of infections) and oral mucosa. The main objective of this study is to show an alternative treatment to help stimulate the salivary secretion thus improving the quality of life of the patient. In this study, a salivary stimulation equipment using vibrotactile stimuli is shown. The system has been placed bilaterally in the parotid glands and assessed the efficacy of the salivary secretion by sialometry before and after the stimulation. The new proposal is capable of stimulating salivary secretion, in a significative way after 7 minutes of use, at least in the cases analyzed, and fulfills low-cost, easy-to-use, and safe technical restrictions. In this setting, this paper suggests the performance of a deep clinical trial to measure the exact efficacy of the prototype and the times and frequencies needed to state the optimal treatment depending in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gómez-García
- Departamento de Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Grupo de Investigación Odontología, Spain
| | - José-Ángel Diaz-Madrid
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Técnicas Aplicadas, Centro Universitario de la Defensa en San Javier, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Pía López-Jornet
- Departamento de Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Grupo de Investigación Odontología, Spain
| | - Juan L. G. Guirao
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Technical University of Cartagena Hospital de Marina, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Lab Theory Cosmology, International Center of Gravity and Cosmos, TUSUR, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Martynowicz H, Wieczorek T, Macek P, Wojakowska A, Poręba R, Gać P, Mazur G, Skomro R, Smardz J, Więckiewicz M. The effect of continuous positive airway pressure and mandibular advancement device on sleep bruxism intensity in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Chron Respir Dis 2022; 19:14799731211052301. [PMID: 35512250 PMCID: PMC9081718 DOI: 10.1177/14799731211052301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and mandibular advancement device (MAD) in reducing the intensity of sleep bruxism (SB) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty-eight adults with OSA were subjected to single-night full polysomnography (PSG) in the Sleep Laboratory of the Wroclaw Medical University. The respiratory events and bruxism episodes were scored according to the standards of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The patients were assigned to the CPAP treatment or the MAD treatment in accordance to apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). The second PSG examination was conducted during the MAD or CPAP treatment to assess the effect of treatment on bruxism episode index (BEI) and AHI. The mean AHI and mean BEI in the study material were estimated to be 30.05 ± 15.39 and 5.10 ± 5.31, respectively. The bruxism parameters were significantly decreased in both the CPAP and MAD groups. Compared to the MAD, the CPAP treatment was more effective in reducing AHI; however, there was no significant difference in effectiveness of CPAP and MAD treatment in BEI reduction. Both CPAP and MAD treatments were effective against SB coexisting with OSA. Due to the application of these treatment options, the risk of OSA should be estimated in patients with SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, 49550Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wieczorek
- Department of Psychiatry, 49550Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Macek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, 49550Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, 49550Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, 49550Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gać
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, 49550Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, 49550Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Skomro
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 7235University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Joanna Smardz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, 49550Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Więckiewicz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, 49550Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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Oyarzo JF, Valdés C, Bravo R. Etiología, diagnóstico y manejo de bruxismo de sueño. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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12
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Swallowing ability and intra-oral water-retaining ability during moderate propofol sedation in healthy human volunteers: A prospective observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 38:1138-1147. [PMID: 33927107 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cough reflex or aspiration under monitored anaesthesia care might be associated with sedative-induced changes in swallowing and intra-oral water-retaining abilities. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of moderate propofol sedation on swallowing and intra-oral water-retaining ability. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Single tertiary care centre during 2017. PARTICIPANTS A total of 13 healthy adult volunteers. INTERVENTION Volunteers in the supine position were asked to retain 10 ml of orally injected water for 5 min. After 5 minutes or when the water was spontaneously swallowed, the retention time and residual intra-oral water volume were measured. Subjects then voluntarily swallowed a further 10 ml of injected water and the residual water volume was measured. This whole process was repeated under sedation with propofol at effect-site concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 μg ml-1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the estimated volume swallowed (swallowing volume); the secondary outcome was water retention time. RESULTS Median water retention time decreased from 300 to 11 s (P < 0.001), and greater spontaneous swallowing was induced with increased propofol effect-site concentrations measuring up to 1.5 μg ml-1 (P < 0.001). The median of the estimated swallowing volumes with voluntary swallowing while awake and with all three concentrations of propofol were 9.5, 9.6, 9.6 and 9.4 ml, respectively (P = 0.805); more water remained after spontaneous swallowing than after voluntary swallowing at all concentrations. Differences in mean estimated swallowing volumes between voluntary and spontaneous swallowing were 3.4 ml (95% CI, 0.9 to 6.0, P = 0.016) for 0.5 μg ml-1, 4.1 ml (95% CI, 1.8 to 6.3, P = 0.002) for 1.0 μg ml-1 and 5.1 ml (95% CI, 3.4 to 6.8, P < 0.001) for 1.5 μg ml-1. CONCLUSIONS Moderate propofol sedation decreases water-retaining ability but has no effect on voluntary swallowing. Ensuring that patients can respond under sedation may effectively prevent the unexpected cough reflex and aspiration by enabling occasional voluntary swallowing. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trials Registry identifier: UMIN000027517.
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13
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Nocturnal Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Sleep: An Important Relationship That Is Commonly Overlooked. J Clin Gastroenterol 2020; 54:663-674. [PMID: 32657961 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent, chronic medical condition that affects 13% of the adult population globally at least once a week. Sleep disturbances are frequently encountered in up to 25% of the GERD patients, likely due to nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (GER). With advance in diagnostic techniques allowing for an improved understanding of involved physiological mechanisms of nocturnal reflux, there is growing evidence of a bidirectional relationship between GERD and sleep disturbances. Furthermore, nocturnal GER is associated with more complicated GERD. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and GERD also have been linked, but to what degree remains controversial. Treatment of nocturnal GER has been shown to improve both subjective and objective sleep measures. The therapeutic approach includes lifestyle modifications and medication individualization and optimization with proton-pump inhibitors serving as the mainstay of treatment. Antireflux surgery and newer endoscopic procedures have been demonstrated to control nocturnal GER.
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14
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Ishikawa S, Kobayashi M, Hashimoto N, Mikami H, Tanimura A, Narumi K, Furugen A, Kusumi I, Iseki K. Association Between N-Desmethylclozapine and Clozapine-Induced Sialorrhea: Involvement of Increased Nocturnal Salivary Secretion via Muscarinic Receptors by N-Desmethylclozapine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:376-384. [PMID: 32862145 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clozapine-induced sialorrhea (CIS) is a common side effect of clozapine. There is no established standard treatment of CIS since the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in CIS. In our clinical study, a prospective observational study evaluated the association between serum and saliva concentrations of clozapine or its metabolites and Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale (DSFS) score. In our in vivo study, we first developed a new CIS animal model; subsequently, we measured salivary secretion and concentrations of clozapine or its metabolites in the animal model. In our in vitro study, we measured the calcium ion (Ca2+) response to evaluate the effect of clozapine or its metabolites on human salivary gland cell line (HSY cells) and then examined whether their effect was inhibited by atropine. In our clinical study, serum and saliva N-desmethylclozapine concentrations were significantly correlated with nocturnal DSFS score. In our in vivo study, daily single oral administration of 100 mg/kg clozapine for 7 days significantly increased salivary secretion in rats. Furthermore, N-desmethylclozapine concentrations in serum and submandibular glands of the rats were higher than clozapine concentrations. In our in vitro study, N-desmethylclozapine only elicited an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ in HSY cells. N-desmethylclozapine-induced Ca2+ responses were inhibited by atropine. These results suggest that N-desmethylclozapine is implicated in CIS by increasing nocturnal salivation via the muscarinic receptors. Moreover, our developed animal model that reflects CIS in clinical condition plays a key role as a bridge between basic and clinical research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Clozapine-induced sialorrhea (CIS) is a severe and frequent adverse reaction, but the mechanism underlying CIS is less well understood. This paper reports that N-desmethylclozapine, a metabolite of clozapine, is implicated in CIS by increasing nocturnal salivation via the muscarinic receptors and that oral administration of clozapine at 100 mg/kg once daily for 7 days to rat is the optimum method for establishing the new animal model reflecting the clinical scenario of CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.I., M.K., H.M., K.N., A.F., K.I.) and Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K.), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (S.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (N.H., I.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.I., M.K., H.M., K.N., A.F., K.I.) and Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K.), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (S.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (N.H., I.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.I., M.K., H.M., K.N., A.F., K.I.) and Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K.), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (S.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (N.H., I.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Hideaki Mikami
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.I., M.K., H.M., K.N., A.F., K.I.) and Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K.), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (S.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (N.H., I.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Akihiko Tanimura
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.I., M.K., H.M., K.N., A.F., K.I.) and Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K.), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (S.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (N.H., I.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.I., M.K., H.M., K.N., A.F., K.I.) and Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K.), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (S.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (N.H., I.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.I., M.K., H.M., K.N., A.F., K.I.) and Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K.), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (S.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (N.H., I.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.I., M.K., H.M., K.N., A.F., K.I.) and Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K.), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (S.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (N.H., I.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Ken Iseki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.I., M.K., H.M., K.N., A.F., K.I.) and Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K.), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (S.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (N.H., I.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan (A.T.)
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15
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Svensson P, Lavigne G. Clinical bruxism semantics beyond academic debates: Normo‐ and patho‐bruxism as a new proposal. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:547-548. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Svensson
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function School of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus Denmark
| | - Gilles Lavigne
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada
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16
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Nocturnal swallowing augments arousal intensity and arousal tachycardia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8624-8632. [PMID: 32229567 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907393117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical arousal from sleep is associated with autonomic activation and acute increases in heart rate. Arousals vary considerably in their frequency, intensity/duration, and physiological effects. Sleep and arousability impact health acutely (daytime cognitive function) and long-term (cardiovascular outcomes). Yet factors that modify the arousal intensity and autonomic activity remain enigmatic. In this study of healthy human adults, we examined whether reflex airway defense mechanisms, specifically swallowing or glottic adduction, influenced cardiac autonomic activity and cortical arousal from sleep. We found, in all subjects, that swallows trigger rapid, robust, and patterned tachycardia conserved across wake, sleep, and arousal states. Tachycardia onset was temporally matched to glottic adduction-the first phase of swallow motor program. Multiple swallows increase the magnitude of tachycardia via temporal summation, and blood pressure increases as a function of the degree of tachycardia. During sleep, swallows were overwhelmingly associated with arousal. Critically, swallows were causally linked to the intense, prolonged cortical arousals and marked tachycardia. Arousal duration and tachycardia increased in parallel as a function of swallow incidence. Our findings suggest that cortical feedback and tachycardia are integrated responses of the swallow motor program. Our work highlights the functional influence of episodic, involuntary airway defense reflexes on sleep and vigilance and cardiovascular function in healthy individuals.
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17
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Carlson-Jones JAP, Kontos A, Kennedy D, Martin J, Lushington K, McKerral J, Paterson JS, Smith RJ, Dann LM, Speck P, Mitchell JG. The microbial abundance dynamics of the paediatric oral cavity before and after sleep. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1741254. [PMID: 32341758 PMCID: PMC7170375 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1741254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Microhabitats in the oral cavity differ in microbial taxonomy. However, abundance variations of bacterial and viral communities within these microhabitats are not fully understood. Aims and Hypothesis: To assess the spatial distribution and dynamics of the microbial abundances within 6 microhabitats of the oral cavity before and after sleep. We hypothesise that the abundance distributions of these microbial communities will differ among oral sites. Methods: Using flow cytometry, bacterial and virus-like particle (VLP) abundances were enumerated for 6 oral microhabitats before and after sleep in 10 healthy paediatric sleepers. Results: Bacterial counts ranged from 7.2 ± 2.8 × 105 at the palate before sleep to 1.3 ± 0.2 × 108 at the back of the tongue after sleep, a difference of 187 times. VLPs ranged from 1.9 ± 1.0 × 106 at the palate before sleep to 9.2 ± 5.0 × 107 at the back of the tongue after sleep, a difference of 48 times. Conclusion: The oral cavity is a dynamic numerically heterogeneous environment where microbial communities can increase by a count of 100 million during sleep. Quantification of the paediatric oral microbiome complements taxonomic diversity information to show how biomass varies and shifts in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A P Carlson-Jones
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna Kontos
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Declan Kennedy
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Martin
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kurt Lushington
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jody McKerral
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - James S Paterson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Renee J Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa M Dann
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Speck
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - James G Mitchell
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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18
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Abstract
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) may be associated with sleep bruxism and periodontal diseases. Through a review of the current literature, this article aims to describe the characteristics of sleep bruxism and its relationship with SDB as well as the current evidence supporting an association between periodontal diseases and SDB. Sleep bruxism is characterized by muscle clenching and tooth grinding during sleep, typically during N2 sleep stage and in association with micro-arousals. The probability of observing sleep bruxism is almost 4 times higher in the presence of SDB, with a close temporal relationship between the episode of upper airway obstruction or oxygen desaturation and the episode of bruxism, which most often occurs in the 0-10 seconds following the obstruction. These findings support the hypothesis that sleep bruxism is triggered by SDB and may have a "protective" role being a muscular activity that helps restore the permeability of the upper airways. On the other hand, SDB have been linked to periodontal diseases. Periodontal diseases are inflammatory and dysbiotic disorders that can have a negative impact on oral health (leading to the destruction of the periodontium and tooth loss) and on general health. Recently, it has been observed that SDB patients have a 1.6 to 4-fold higher risk of having or developing severe periodontitis, suggesting that SDB may be a new risk factor for periodontal diseases. Dentists, who are part of the team of sleep medicine specialists, have a key role in the detection, prevention and treatment of SDB and their relationship with sleep bruxism and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clotilde Carra
- Département de Parodontologie, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, 5 rue Santerre, 75012 Paris, France UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Paris, 5 rue Garancière, 75005 Paris, France
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19
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Johansson AK, Johansson A, Unell L, Ekbäck G, Ordell S, Carlsson GE. Self-reported dry mouth in 50- to 80-year-old Swedes: Longitudinal and cross-sectional population studies. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 47:246-254. [PMID: 31444791 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Xerostomia is a common condition among elderly. The objectives were to examine prevalence, persistence, progression, yearly incidence of xerostomia, associated background factors and its influence on oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) in 50- to 80-year-old people. In 1992, a questionnaire was sent to all 50-year-old (n = 8888) and in 2007 to all 75-year-old persons (n = 5195) living in two Swedish counties. In 2012, the same questionnaire was sent to both age cohorts, now 70- and 80-year-old. Response rate was for the 50-, 70- 75- and 80-year-old groups 71.4%, 72.2%, 71.9% and 66.4%, respectively. In the 50- to 70-year-old sample, 40.3% of the participants answered all five examinations and in the 75-80 group 49.5% (intact samples). In all age groups, xerostomia was significantly more prevalent in women than in men. At age 80, "often mouth dryness at night" was reported by 24.3% and 16.2% of women and men, respectively. Prevalence increased with age and was more frequent at night-time. Persistence of xerostomia was reported by 61.4%-77.5%, progression by 11.5%-33.0% and remission by 5.7%-11.3%. Average yearly incidence was 0.99%-3.28%. Xerostomia was more prevalent in those who reported a negative impact on OIDP. Highest odd ratios for xerostomia were burning mouth (OR 12.0), not feeling healthy (OR 5.1) and medicine usage (OR 3.9). Xerostomia is common in older age, persistence is high and progression common. The comorbidity between xerostomia, oral health problems and impaired general health needs to be taken into consideration when providing dental care to elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Johansson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Dentistry - Cariology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Johansson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Dentistry - Prosthodontics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lennart Unell
- Post Graduate Dental Education Centre, Örebro Region, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Ekbäck
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Dentistry, Örebro Region, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sven Ordell
- Dental Commissioning Unit, Östergötland County Council, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunnar E Carlsson
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/Dental Materials Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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20
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Wetselaar P, Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Johansson A, Aarab G, Papagianni CE, Reyes Sevilla M, Koutris M, Lobbezoo F. Associations between tooth wear and dental sleep disorders: A narrative overview. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:765-775. [PMID: 31038764 PMCID: PMC6852513 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Tooth wear is a common finding in adult patients with dental sleep disorders. The aim of this paper was to review the literature on the possible associations between tooth wear and the following dental sleep disorders: sleep‐related oro‐facial pain, oral moistening disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and sleep bruxism. Methods A PubMed search was performed on 1 June 2018 using MeSH terms in the following query: Tooth Wear AND (Facial Pain OR Temporomandibular Joint Disorders OR Xerostomia OR Sialorrhea OR Gastroesophageal Reflux OR Sleep Apnea Syndrome OR Sleep Bruxism). Results The query yielded 706 reports on tooth wear and the mentioned dental sleep disorders. Several associations between tooth wear and the dental sleep disorders were suggested in the literature. It could be concluded that: (a) tooth wear is associated with dental pain and/or hypersensitivity; (b) oral dryness is associated with tooth wear, oro‐facial pain and sleep bruxism; (c) GERD is associated with tooth wear, oro‐facial pain, oral dryness, OSAS and sleep bruxism; (d) OSAS is associated with oral dryness, GERD and sleep bruxism; and (e) sleep bruxism is associated with tooth wear. Conclusions Tooth wear is associated with the dental sleep disorders oro‐facial pain, oral dryness, GERD and sleep bruxism. The dental sleep disorders are interlinked with each other, which leads to indirect associations as well, and makes the consequences of each single condition difficult to disentangle. Knowledge of these associations is clinically relevant, but more research is needed to confirm their validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wetselaar
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jari Ahlberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anders Johansson
- Departement of Clinical Dentistry-Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ghizlane Aarab
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chryssa E Papagianni
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marisol Reyes Sevilla
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michail Koutris
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Olczak-Kowalczyk D, Korporowicz E, Gozdowski D, Lecka-Ambroziak A, Szalecki M. Oral findings in children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1331-1339. [PMID: 30006686 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the significance of changes in the saliva in the etiology of gingivitis and tooth wear in children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 80 (2.8-18 years old; 39 girls and 41 boys): 40 in PWS group (mean age 8.0 ± 4.24 years) and 40 in control group (mean age 7.9 ± 4.12 years). General condition, oral para-functional habits, tooth wear (modified TWI), oral hygiene and gingival status (Plaque Index (PLI) and Gingival Index (GI)), localization of gingivitis, and salivary characteristics were assessed. The chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation, and odds ratio based on logistic regression in a statistical analysis were applied. RESULTS Chances of gingivitis were increased by low PLI (odds ratio (OR) = 32.53), low resting salivary flow (OR = 3.96), increased viscosity of saliva (OR = 3.54), and mouth breathing (OR = 8.17). For gingivitis in anterior regions, low PLI (OR = 107.67), low resting (OR = 5.73) and stimulated (OR = 1.86) salivary flow, increased viscosity of saliva (OR = 5.87), mouth breathing (OR = 10.00), and low stimulated salivary flow (OR = 3.18) were observed. Tooth wear rates were increased by teeth grinding (OR = 16.20), mouth breathing (OR = 4.33), increased viscosity of saliva (OR = 11.67) and low resting (OR = 6.07), and stimulated (OR = 4.22) salivary flow. CONCLUSIONS In PWS, reduced salivary secretion, increased viscosity, of saliva and mouth breathing increase the risk of plaque-induced gingivitis and tooth wear. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prevention and treatment of tooth wear and gingivitis in PWS patients is necessary not only to treat bruxism and mouth breathing but also to limit the influence of negative changes of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Emil Korporowicz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Gozdowski
- Department of Experimental Statistics and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lecka-Ambroziak
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Szalecki
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UJK, Kielce, Poland
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Nik Nabil WN, Lim RJ, Chan SY, Lai NM, Liew AC. A systematic review on Chinese herbal treatment for radiotherapy-induced xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 30:6-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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A randomised clinical evaluation of a fluoride mouthrinse and dentifrice in an in situ caries model. J Dent 2018; 70:59-66. [PMID: 29289727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fluoride mouthrinses provide advantages for fluoride delivery by maintaining elevated intra-oral fluoride concentrations following fluoride dentifrice use. This in situ caries study investigated potential anti-caries efficacy of a 220 ppm fluoride mouthrinse. METHODS This was an analyst-blinded, four-treatment, randomised, crossover study using partially demineralised, gauze-wrapped, human enamel samples mounted in a mandibular partial denture. Participants brushed twice daily for 14 days with either a 1150 ppm fluoride or a fluoride-free placebo dentifrice and either rinsed once daily with the 220 ppm fluoride mouthrinse or not. Following each treatment period, percent surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) and enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) were assessed. RESULTS Fifty three participants completed the study. Compared with the placebo dentifrice/no rinse treatment, the fluoride-containing regimens demonstrated greater enamel remineralisation (%SMHR) and fluoridation (EFU): fluoride dentifrice/fluoride rinse (%SMHR difference: 21.55 [95% CI: 15.78,27.32]; EFU difference 8.35 [7.21,9.29]); fluoride dentifrice/no rinse: 19.48 [13.81,25.15]; 6.47 [5.35,7.60]; placebo dentifrice/fluoride rinse: 16.76 [11.06,22.45]; 5.87 [4.72,7.00] (all P < .0001). There were no significant differences in%SMHR between fluoride regimens. The fluoride dentifrice/fluoride rinse regimen was associated with higher EFU than the fluoride dentifrice/no rinse (1.88 [0.75,3.01], P = .0013) and placebo dentifrice/fluoride rinse regimens (2.48 [1.34,3.62], P < .0001). Treatments were generally well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The in situ caries model demonstrated that the fluoride mouthrinse is effective in promoting enamel caries lesion remineralisation and fluoridation whether used following a fluoride or non-fluoride dentifrice. Additive (potential) anti-caries benefits of a fluoride rinse after a fluoride dentifrice were confined to enhancements in lesion fluoridation (EFU). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In conjunction with a fluoride dentifrice, fluoride mouthrinses enhance enamel fluoridation, which may be useful in caries prevention.
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Kato T, Abe K, Mikami A, Sugita H, Muraki H, Okura M, Ohi M, Taniguchi M. Subjective oropharyngeal symptoms for abnormal swallowing in Japanese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a descriptive questionnaire study. Cranio 2017; 34:95-9. [PMID: 26726009 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2015.1097317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of clinical symptoms related to abnormal swallowing in a large sample of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. METHODS Oropharyngeal symptoms for abnormal swallowing were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire in 507 consecutive patients (females: 65, males: 442; mean age: 49.6 ± 12.6 years old) with clinical symptoms of OSAS, enrolled for cardiorespiratory evaluation. RESULTS Overall, 16.2% of patients (82/507) had at least one symptom for abnormal swallowing and 6.3% (32/507) had two or more symptoms. The most frequent symptom was difficulty with coughing up phlegm during or after a meal (8.3%). Demographic, sleep, and clinical variables did not differ between the patients with and without abnormal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study showed that 16% of middle-aged OSAS patients reported pharyngeal symptoms related to abnormal swallowing, regardless of the severity of OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kato
- a Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Japan.,b Osaka University Hospital Sleep Medicine Center , Japan
| | - Kimiko Abe
- c Nihon University School of Dentistry , Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akira Mikami
- b Osaka University Hospital Sleep Medicine Center , Japan.,d Osaka University , Support Center for Campus Life , Japan.,e Osaka Kaisei Hospital Sleep Medical Center , Japan
| | - Hideko Sugita
- e Osaka Kaisei Hospital Sleep Medical Center , Japan
| | - Hisae Muraki
- e Osaka Kaisei Hospital Sleep Medical Center , Japan
| | - Mutsumi Okura
- e Osaka Kaisei Hospital Sleep Medical Center , Japan
| | - Motoharu Ohi
- e Osaka Kaisei Hospital Sleep Medical Center , Japan
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Diurnal variation of intraoral pH and temperature. BDJ Open 2017; 3:17015. [PMID: 29607085 PMCID: PMC5842828 DOI: 10.1038/bdjopen.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective/Aims The aim of this study was to measure continuously the intraoral pH and temperature of healthy individuals to investigate their diurnal variations. Materials and Methods Seventeen participants (mean age, 31±9 years) wore a custom-made intraoral appliance fitted with a pH probe and thermocouple for two sets of 24 h, while carrying out normal daily activities including sleep. The continuous changes in intraoral pH and temperature were captured using a sensor placed on the palatal aspect of the upper central incisors. The collected data were categorised into different status (awake and sleep) and periods (morning, afternoon, evening and night). Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. Results The intraoral pH change was found to show a distinctive daily rhythm, showing a 12-h interval between maximum (7.73) and minimum (6.6) pH values. The maximum and minimum values were found to repeat after 24 h. The mean pH over 48 h (two sets of 24 h) was found to be 7.27 (±0.74). There was significant difference found in pH when subjects were awake and asleep and different periods during the day (P<0.001). The mean intraoral temperature was 33.99 °C (±4.9), with less distinctive daily rhythm compared with pH. There was a significant difference found in temperature depending on the time of the day, except between morning and afternoon (P=0.78). Conclusion Our results showed that there is a distinctive daily, circadian-like pattern in intraoral pH variation over a 24-h period, which has been considered as one of the risk factors in sleep-related dental diseases.
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Chowdhury T, Bindu B, Singh GP, Schaller B. Sleep Disorders: Is the Trigemino-Cardiac Reflex a Missing Link? Front Neurol 2017; 8:63. [PMID: 28289401 PMCID: PMC5326750 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal innervated areas in face, nasolacrimal, and nasal mucosa can produce a wide array of cardiorespiratory manifestations that include apnea, bradypnea, bradycardia, hypotension, and arrhythmias. This reflex is a well-known entity called "trigemino-cardiac reflex" (TCR). The role of TCR is investigated in various pathophysiological conditions especially in neurosurgical, but also skull base surgery procedures. Additionally, its significance in various sleep-related disorders has also been highlighted recently. Though, the role of diving reflex, a subtype of TCR, has been extensively investigated in sudden infant death syndrome. The data related to other sleep disorders including obstructive sleep apnea, bruxism is very limited and thus, this mini review aims to investigate the possible role and correlation of TCR in causing such sleep abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumul Chowdhury
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
| | - Barkha Bindu
- Department of Neuro-anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Gyaninder Pal Singh
- Department of Neuro-anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Bernhard Schaller
- Department of Research, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
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Sasaki Y, Kato S, Miura M, Fukayama H. Correlation Between Body Movements and Salivary Secretion During Sedation. Anesth Prog 2016; 63:185-191. [PMID: 27973943 DOI: 10.2344/15-00035.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During dental sedation, control of the cough reflex is crucial for a safe and smooth procedure. Accumulated saliva is one of the predisposing factors for coughing. Body movements during dental sedation appear to enhance salivation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the difference in salivary secretion between the with-movements state and the without-movements state during sedation. Salivary weight for 1 min was measured 3 times in 27 patients with intellectual disability during dental treatment under deep sedation with midazolam and propofol. The observed variables were body movements, bispectral index (BIS), and predicted propofol effect-site concentration. A total of 81 measurements were classified into the with-movements state (n = 39; ie, measurements during which body movements were observed) or the without-movements state (n = 42; ie, measurements during which no body movements were observed). The median salivary weight was significantly smaller in the without-movements state compared with the with-movements state (0.03 vs 0.11 g, P < .0001). The BIS was significantly lower in the without-movements state. There was no significant difference in the predicted propofol effect-site concentration between the 2 states. Significant correlation was observed between salivary weight and BIS in the with-movements state (r = 0.44, P = .004). The findings indicate that salivary secretion decreased according to deep sedation. Furthermore, immobility also reduced salivary secretion. We concluded that one reason that immobility is beneficial is because of the resulting decreased salivary secretion during dental treatment under deep sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sasaki
- Department of Dentistry, Saitama Prefectural General Rehabilitation Center, Saitama, Japan.,Section of Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kato
- Department of Dentistry, Saitama Prefectural General Rehabilitation Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miura
- Department of Dentistry, Saitama Prefectural General Rehabilitation Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Fukayama
- Section of Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Raphael KG, Santiago V, Lobbezoo F. Is bruxism a disorder or a behaviour? Rethinking the international consensus on defining and grading of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil 2016; 43:791-8. [PMID: 27283599 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the international consensus on defining and grading of bruxism (Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Glaros AG, Kato T, Koyano K, Lavigne GJ et al. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40:2), this commentary examines its contribution and underlying assumptions for defining sleep bruxism (SB). The consensus' parsimonious redefinition of bruxism as a behaviour is an advance, but we explore an implied question: might SB be more than behaviour? Behaviours do not inherently require clinical treatment, making the consensus-proposed 'diagnostic grading system' inappropriate. However, diagnostic grading might be useful, if SB were considered a disorder. Therefore, to fully appreciate the contribution of the consensus statement, we first consider standards and evidence for determining whether SB is a disorder characterised by harmful dysfunction or a risk factor increasing probability of a disorder. Second, the strengths and weaknesses of the consensus statement's proposed 'diagnostic grading system' are examined. The strongest evidence-to-date does not support SB as disorder as implied by 'diagnosis'. Behaviour alone is not diagnosed; disorders are. Considered even as a grading system of behaviour, the proposed system is weakened by poor sensitivity of self-report for direct polysomnographic (PSG)-classified SB and poor associations between clinical judgments of SB and portable PSG; reliance on dichotomised reports; and failure to consider SB behaviour on a continuum, measurable and definable through valid behavioural observation. To date, evidence for validity of self-report or clinician report in placing SB behaviour on a continuum is lacking, raising concerns about their potential utility in any bruxism behavioural grading system, and handicapping future study of whether SB may be a useful risk factor for, or itself a disorder requiring treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Raphael
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.
| | - V Santiago
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Lobbezoo
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Choi JE, Waddell JN, Lyons KM, Kieser JA. Intraoral pH and temperature during sleep with and without mouth breathing. J Oral Rehabil 2015; 43:356-63. [PMID: 26666708 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To measure and compare the intraoral pH and temperature of individuals during sleep with and without mouth breathing. Ten healthy participants [mean age = 25·8 (± 4·3)] wore a custom-made appliance fitted with a pH probe and thermocouple for two sets of 48 h. Continuous pH and temperature measurements were taken from the palatal aspect of the upper central incisors. To simulate mouth breathing during sleep, participants wore a nose clip for two nights of the four, with the first group (n = 5) wearing the nose clip during the first night and the rest (n = 5) wearing the nose clip during the second night of sleep to balance any potential bias from the wearing sequence. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted. The mean intraoral pH during daytime was 7·3 (± 0·4) and during sleep was 7·0 (± 0·5). The mean intraoral pH during sleep with mouth breathing was 6·6 (± 0·5), which was statistically significant compared with the normal sleep condition (P < 0·01). The intraoral pH decreased slowly over the hours of sleep in all participants. When sleeping with forced mouth breathing, intraoral pH showed a greater fall over a longer period of time. The mean intraoral temperature was 33·1 °C (± 5·2) during daytime and 33·3 °C (± 6·1) during sleep, with no statistical significance between sleep with and without mouth breathing (P > 0·05). The results suggest that mouth breathing during sleep is related to a decrease in intraoral pH compared with normal breathing during sleep, and this has been proposed as a causal factor for dental erosion and caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Choi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J N Waddell
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - K M Lyons
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J A Kieser
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Lopez-Jornet P, Lucero Berdugo M, Fernandez-Pujante A, C CF, Lavella C Z, A PF, J SR, Silvestre FJ. Sleep quality in patients with xerostomia: a prospective and randomized case-control study. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:224-8. [PMID: 26473793 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1099730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate sleep quality, anxiety/depression and quality-of-life in patients with xerostomia. Materials and methods This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among a group of xerostomia patients (n = 30) compared with 30 matched control subjects. The following evaluation scales were used to assess the psychological profile of each patient: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), the Xerostomia Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Results The PSQI obtained 5.3 3 ± 1.78 for patients with xerostomia compared with 4.26 ± 1.01 for control subjects (p = 0.006); ESS obtained 5.7 ± 2.1 for test patients vs 4.4 0 ± 1 for control subjects (p = 0.010). Statistical regression analysis showed that xerostomia was significantly associated with depression (p = 0.027). Conclusions Patients with xerostomia exhibited significant decreases in sleep quality compared with control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvestre Rangil J
- b Unidad De Estomatología, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset Valencia , Spain
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Choi JE, Loke C, Waddell JN, Lyons KM, Kieser JA, Farella M. Continuous measurement of intra-oral pH and temperature: development, validation of an appliance and a pilot study. J Oral Rehabil 2015; 42:563-70. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Choi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - C. Loke
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - J. N. Waddell
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - K. M. Lyons
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - J. A. Kieser
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - M. Farella
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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The effect of rapid palatal expansion on sleep bruxism in children. Sleep Breath 2015; 19:1265-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-015-1156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome does not negatively affect oral and dental health. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2015; 129:68-72. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215114003296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome can lead to unhealthy open-mouth breathing. We investigated the possible relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and dental health. We also evaluated other clinical factors that may affect oral health.Methods:We measured sleep using polysomnography and determined the apnoea–hypopnoea index for a total of 291 patients. We also recorded the demographic data, duration of snoring complaints, educational status and income levels for our patient cohort; finally, we calculated the decayed, missing and filled teeth index.Results:Forty-one patients presented with primary snoring (control group) and 250 patients (study group) presented with mild, moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. We found no correlation between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome severity and the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (p = 0.057). We also found no correlation between the apnoea–hypopnoea and decayed, missing and filled teeth indexes. Age and the duration of snoring complaints were positively correlated with the decayed, missing and filled teeth index while educational status and income levels were negatively correlated (p < 0.001).Conclusion:Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome does not negatively affect oral and dental health.
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Solismaa A, Kampman O, Seppälä N, Viikki M, Mäkelä KM, Mononen N, Lehtimäki T, Leinonen E. Polymorphism in alpha 2A adrenergic receptor gene is associated with sialorrhea in schizophrenia patients on clozapine treatment. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014; 29:336-41. [PMID: 25163438 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clozapine-induced sialorrhea (CIS) is a common, inconvenient and socially stigmatizing adverse effect. The pathophysiology of CIS may be related to the effect of clozapine on the muscarinic and adrenergic receptors as well as the disruption of the circadian rhythms. The aim of this study was to find out if polymorphisms in muscarinic M1 and M3 receptor genes (CHRM1 and CHRM3), adrenoceptor alpha 2A gene (ADRA2A) or clock circadian regulator gene (CLOCK) are associated with CIS. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-seven clozapine-treated Finnish schizophrenia patients were genotyped for CHRM1, CHRM3, CLOCK and ADRA2A polymorphisms, and their salivary dysfunction was assessed with two questions. Twenty-six of these patients had previously been on medication to treat CIS. Comparisons of the genotypes between patients with excessive versus non-excessive salivation were analysed. Genotype distributions between patients and control group and haplotypes were also studied. RESULTS CHRM1, CHRM3 and CLOCK polymorphisms and haplotypes were not associated with CIS. ADRA2A (rs1800544) genotype was associated with CIS (p = 0.029). In patients with CIS, CC genotype (n = 103) was more common than in G-allele carriers (n = 79) (p = 0.013, OR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.17-3.88). No differences were found in the distributions of genotypes between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS ADRA2A genotype was associated with CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anssi Solismaa
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Seinäjoki Hospital District, Seinäjoki, Finland
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Chaudhuri PNK. Bruxism in patients of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Management results suggesting an etiological mechanism. INDIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnt.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Saito M, Yamaguchi T, Mikami S, Watanabe K, Gotouda A, Okada K, Hishikawa R, Shibuya E, Lavigne G. Temporal association between sleep apnea-hypopnea and sleep bruxism events. J Sleep Res 2013; 23:196-203. [PMID: 24635459 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is some evidence suggesting that obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is concomitant with sleep bruxism. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal association between sleep apnea-hypopnea events and sleep bruxism events. In an open observational study, data were gathered from 10 male subjects with confirmed obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and concomitant sleep bruxism. Polysomnography and audio-video recordings were performed for 1 night in a sleep laboratory. Breathing, brain, heart and masticatory muscle activity signals were analysed to quantify sleep and sleep stage duration, and number and temporal distribution of apnea-hypopnea events and sleep bruxism events. Apnea-hypopnea events were collected within a 5-min time window before and after sleep bruxism events, with the sleep bruxism events as the pivotal reference point. Two temporal patterns were analysed: (i) the interval between apnea-hypopnea events termination and sleep bruxism events onset, called T1; and (ii) the interval between sleep bruxism events termination and apnea-hypopnea events onset, called T2. Of the intervals between sleep bruxism events and the nearest apnea-hypopnea event, 80.5% were scored within 5 min. Most intervals were distributed within a period of <30 s, with peak at 0-10 s. The T1 interval had a mean length of 33.4 s and was significantly shorter than the T2 interval (64.0 s; P < 0.05). Significantly more sleep bruxism events were scored in association with the T1 than the T2 pattern (P < 0.05). Thus, in patients with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and sleep bruxism, most sleep bruxism events occurred after sleep apnea-hypopnea events, suggesting that sleep bruxism events occurring close to sleep apnea-hypopnea events is a secondary form of sleep bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Saito
- Department of Gnatho-occlusal Function, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Voluntary muscle activity, including swallowing, decreases during the night. The association between nocturnal awakenings and swallowing activity is under-researched with limited information on the frequency of swallows during awake and asleep periods. AIM The aim of this study was to assess nocturnal swallowing activity and identify a cut-off predicting awake and asleep periods. METHODS Patients undergoing impedance-pH monitoring as part of GERD work-up were asked to wear a wrist activity detecting device (Actigraph(®)) at night. Swallowing activity was quantified by analysing impedance changes in the proximal esophagus. Awake and asleep periods were determined using a validated scoring system (Sadeh algorithm). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses were performed to determine sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of swallowing frequency to identify awake and asleep periods. RESULTS Data from 76 patients (28 male, 48 female; mean age 56 ± 15 years) were included in the analysis. The ROC analysis found that 0.33 sw/min (i.e. one swallow every 3 min) had the optimal sensitivity (78 %) and specificity (76 %) to differentiate awake from asleep periods. A swallowing frequency of 0.25 sw/min (i.e. one swallow every 4 min) was 93 % sensitive and 57 % specific to identify awake periods. A swallowing frequency of 1 sw/min was 20 % sensitive but 96 % specific in identifying awake periods. Impedance-pH monitoring detects differences in swallowing activity during awake and asleep periods. Swallowing frequency noticed during ambulatory impedance-pH monitoring can predict the state of consciousness during nocturnal periods.
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Sleep less and bite more: Sleep disorders associated with occlusal loads during sleep. J Prosthodont Res 2013; 57:69-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Moura-Grec PG, Assis VH, Cannabrava VP, Vieira VM, Siqueira TLD, Anaguizawa WH, Sales-Peres SHDC. Systemic consequences of bariatric surgery and its repercussions on oral health. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2013; 25:173-7. [PMID: 23411807 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-67202012000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morbid obesity control can be done by bariatric surgery that restricts or reduces the amount of food absorption. The objective of this review was to identify the consequences of bariatric surgery and its repercussions on oral health. METHOD It was used the Virtual Library of Health, which included articles that had any direct or indirect connection between bariatric surgery and oral health, and published in the last ten years. RESULTS Some complications of the surgery are chronicle reflux and nutritional deficiency, which may bring repercussions on the oral cavity, such as tooth erosion, bone loss and dental caries. On the other hand, there are also positive impacts, such as the decrease of diabetes, apnea and improvement on self-esteem, that makes the patients less vulnerable to complications regarding oral health, for example xerostomy and periodontal disease. CONCLUSION Maintaining proper oral health in patients undergoing bariatric surgery contributes to success after surgery protecting benefits and minimizing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Garcia Moura-Grec
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health in the Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Roizenblatt M, Rosa Neto NS, Tufik S, Roizenblatt S. Pain-related diseases and sleep disorders. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:792-8. [PMID: 22760852 PMCID: PMC3854323 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain and sleep share mutual relations under the influence of cognitive and neuroendocrine changes. Sleep is an important homeostatic feature and, when impaired, contributes to the development or worsening of pain-related diseases. The aim of the present review is to provide a panoramic view for the generalist physician on sleep disorders that occur in pain-related diseases within the field of Internal Medicine, such as rheumatic diseases, acute coronary syndrome, digestive diseases, cancer, and headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roizenblatt
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Negative association between self-reported jaw symptoms and apnea–hypopnea index in patients with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a pilot study. Sleep Breath 2012; 17:373-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-012-0704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Carra MC, Huynh N, Lavigne G. Sleep bruxism: a comprehensive overview for the dental clinician interested in sleep medicine. Dent Clin North Am 2012; 56:387-413. [PMID: 22480810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sleep bruxism (SB) is a common sleep-related motor disorder characterized by tooth grinding and clenching. SB diagnosis is made on history of tooth grinding and confirmed by polysomnographic recording of electromyographic (EMG) episodes in the masseter and temporalis muscles. The typical EMG activity pattern in patients with SB is known as rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA). The authors observed that most RMMA episodes occur in association with sleep arousal and are preceded by physiologic activation of the central nervous and sympathetic cardiac systems. This article provides a comprehensive review of the cause, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clotilde Carra
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Univeristé de Montréal, CP 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Abstract
Numerous case-control and other studies involving confirmation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by esophageal pH-metry and the assessment of dental erosions have shown significant associations between the two conditions in both adults and children. By contrast, when asked to vote on whether GERD may cause dental erosions, only 42% of physicians strongly agreed that such an association existed in adults, and just 12.5% strongly agreed for children, respectively in two global consensus reports. Part of this divergence between the perceptions of physicians and the findings of research publications may reflect a general lack of oral health education during medical training, and cursory oral examinations being made under less-than-ideal conditions. Adequate salivary secretions are essential for the protection of the teeth and the oropharyngeal and esophageal mucosa. The quantity and quality of the saliva require monitoring as many drugs, including several of the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), can cause hyposalivation. In addition, PPIs do not always result in adequate acid suppression. Therefore, collaboration between physicians and dentists is strongly advocated to prevent or ameliorate possible adverse oral effects from both endogenous and exogenous acids, and to promote adequate saliva production in patients with GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbin Ranjitkar
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease and tooth erosion. Int J Dent 2011; 2012:479850. [PMID: 22194748 PMCID: PMC3238367 DOI: 10.1155/2012/479850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children and adults, and of “silent refluxers” in particular, increases the responsibility of dentists to be alert to this potentially severe condition when observing unexplained instances of tooth erosion. Although gastroesophageal reflux is a normal physiologic occurrence, excessive gastric and duodenal regurgitation combined with a decrease in normal protective mechanisms, including an adequate production of saliva, may result in many esophageal and extraesophageal adverse conditions. Sleep-related GERD is particularly insidious as the supine position enhances the proximal migration of gastric contents, and normal saliva production is much reduced. Gastric acid will displace saliva easily from tooth surfaces, and proteolytic pepsin will remove protective dental pellicle. Though increasing evidence of associations between GERD and tooth erosion has been shown in both animal and human studies, relatively few clinical studies have been carried out under controlled trial conditions. Suspicion of an endogenous source of acid being associated with observed tooth erosion requires medical referral and management of the patient as the primary method for its prevention and control.
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Cho EP, Hwang SJ, Clovis JB, Lee TY, Paik DI, Hwang YS. Enhancing the quality of life in elderly women through a programme to improve the condition of salivary hypofunction. Gerodontology 2011; 29:e972-80. [PMID: 22126433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of oral exercise intended to improve the function of the oral cavity in the elderly and their quality of life to pave the way for the development of oral-health promotion programmes geared towards the elderly. METHODS The subjects were 78 female Koreans who resided in Seoul and were aged 65 years and older. During a 3-month period, an oral function promotion programme was conducted twice a week, between 10.00 am and 12.00 pm, applying oral exercise suggested by a Japanese public health centre. A survey was conducted by interviewing the selected women to determine the state of their subjective dry mouth, quality of life related to oral health and jaw functional limitation. Their opening, unstimulated whole saliva and pronunciation speed were measured before and after the oral function exercise programme. RESULTS The subjects showed a significant improvement in subjective dry mouth symptoms, relevant behaviour, the level of discomfort caused by dry mouth and subjective jaw functional limitation during mastication and swallowing and emotional expression after receiving the oral exercise. After the oral exercise, there was a significant increase in mouth opening, unstimulated whole saliva and speaking speed ('patakala' pronunciation) after oral exercise. There was also significant progress in their quality of life related to oral health. Overall improvement in subjective dry mouth symptoms and relevant behaviour over time after oral exercise had a positive correlation with the level of improvement in discomfort triggered by dry mouth and mastication. The level of improvement in OHIP-14 had a positive correlation with the level of overall improvement in dry mouth symptoms and behaviour, the level of improvement in discomfort by dry mouth and that in mastication and swallowing. CONCLUSION This study showed the effects of the oral function promotion programme and correlation of oral condition and oral health-related quality of life. It is suggested that this oral function promotion programme has positive effects on both objective and subjective oral conditions. It is strongly recommended that this programme, along with other oral health promotion programmes, be implemented to improve oral function and oral health-related quality of life for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Pyol Cho
- Oral Health Service Team, Korea Health Promotion Foundation, Seoul, Korea
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Ueda H, Mitoh Y, Fujita M, Kobashi M, Yamashiro T, Sugimoto T, Ichikawa H, Matsuo R. Muscarinic receptor immunoreactivity in the superior salivatory nucleus neurons innervating the salivary glands of the rat. Neurosci Lett 2011; 499:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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YAMAGUCHI T, ABE S, ROMPRÉ PH, MANZINI C, LAVIGNE GJ. Comparison of ambulatory and polysomnographic recording of jaw muscle activity during sleep in normal subjects. J Oral Rehabil 2011; 39:2-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2011.02232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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