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Zhang H, Zhang J, Chen W, Liu H, Chen J, Chen J. Association between bedtime and female infertility: a secondary analysis from a cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1340131. [PMID: 38966223 PMCID: PMC11222632 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1340131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between bedtime and infertility and to identify the optimal bedtime for women of reproductive age. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from 3,903 female participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2020. The effect of bedtime on female infertility was assessed using the binary logistic regression in different models, including crude model and adjusted models. To identify the non-linear correlation between bedtime and infertility, generalized additive models (GAM) were utilized. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, physical activity total time, marital status, smoking status, drinking status and sleep duration. Results After adjusting for potential confounders (age, race, sleep duration, waist circumference, marital status, education, BMI, smoking status, drinking status and physical activity total time), a non-linear relationship was observed between bedtime and infertility, with the inflection point at 22:45. To the left side of the inflection point, no significant association was detected. However, to the right of it, bedtime was positively related to the infertility (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.39; P = 0.0049). Subgroup analyses showed that late sleepers with higher BMI were more prone to infertility than those with a lower BMI (BMI: 25-30 kg/m2: OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.51; P = 0.0136; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²: OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.34; P = 0.0014). Conclusion Bedtime was non-linearly associated with infertility, which may provide guidance for sleep behavior in women of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenxiu Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingfei Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Gurguis CI, Kimm TS, Pigott TA. Perspective: the evolution of hormones and person perception-a quantitative genetic framework. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1395974. [PMID: 38952835 PMCID: PMC11215136 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1395974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary biology provides a unifying theory for testing hypotheses about the relationship between hormones and person perception. Person perception usually receives attention from the perspective of sexual selection. However, because person perception is one trait in a suite regulated by hormones, univariate approaches are insufficient. In this Perspectives article, quantitative genetics is presented as an important but underutilized framework for testing evolutionary hypotheses within this literature. We note tacit assumptions within the current literature on psychiatric genetics, which imperil the interpretation of findings thus far. As regulators of a diverse manifold of traits, hormones mediate tradeoffs among an array of functions. Hormonal pleiotropy also provides the basis of correlational selection, a process whereby selection on one trait in a hormone-mediated suite generates selection on the others. This architecture provides the basis for conflicts between sexual and natural selection within hormone-mediated suites. Due to its role in person perception, psychiatric disorders, and reproductive physiology, the sex hormone estrogen is highlighted as an exemplar here. The implications of this framework for the evolution of person perception are discussed. Empirical quantification of selection on traits within hormone-mediated suites remains an important gap in this literature with great potential to illuminate the fundamental nature of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I. Gurguis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
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Khan SH, Dube N, Sudhakar N, Fraser O, Villalona P, Braet SM, Leedom S, Reilly ER, Sivak J, Crittenden K, Okafor CD. Ancient and modern mechanisms compete in progesterone receptor activation. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:518-529. [PMID: 38846073 PMCID: PMC11151858 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) belongs to the steroid receptor family of ligand-regulated transcription factors, controlling genes important for development, metabolism, and reproduction. Understanding how diverse ligands bind and modulate PR activity will illuminate the design of ligands that control PR-driven signaling pathways. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how PR dynamics are altered by functionally diverse ligands. Using a library of 33 steroidal ligands that range from inactive to EC50 < 0.1 nM, we reveal an unexpected evolutionary basis for the wide gamut of activation. While other oxosteroid receptors employ an evolutionarily conserved mechanism dependent on a hydrogen bond between the receptor and ligand, extant PR has evolved a preference for activation that is not reliant on this polar interaction. We demonstrate that potent ligands utilize the modern PR mechanism while weaker ligands coopt the defunct ancestral mechanism by forming hydrogen bonds with Asn719. Based on their structures and dynamic signatures, ligands partition into four classes (inactive, weak, moderate and high potency) that interact distinctly with the PR binding pocket. Further, we use luciferase reporter assays and PR mutants to probe the roles of pocket residues in mediating distinct PR mechanisms. This combination of MD simulations and in vitro studies provide insight into how the evolutionary history of PR shapes its response to diverse ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabab Hasan Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Namita Dube
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Nishanti Sudhakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Olivia Fraser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Priscilla Villalona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Sean M Braet
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Stephanie Leedom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Erin R Reilly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Jacob Sivak
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Kenidee Crittenden
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - C Denise Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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Chen SY, Wang TE, Lee WY, Yang YY, Lai HC, Matsuda F, Kosek H, Chen YT, Li SH, Tsai PS. Cre-LoxP and tamoxifen-induced deletion of ovarian quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 2 showed disruption of ovulatory activity in mice. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:66. [PMID: 38504307 PMCID: PMC10949576 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 2 (QSOX2) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase that is known to be involved in protein folding, cell growth regulation, and redox state modification through oxidative activities. Earlier studies demonstrated the tissue and cellular localization of QSOX2 in the male reproductive tract, as well as the highly-regulated mechanism of QSOX2 protein synthesis and expression through the coordinated action of testosterone and epididymal-enriched amino acid, glutamate. However, the presence and the functions of QSOX2 in female reproduction are unknown. In this study, we applied the Cre-loxP gene manipulation system to generate the heterozygous and homozygous Qsox2 knockout mice and examined its effects on ovarian function. RESULTS We demonstrated that QSOX2 was detected in the follicle-supporting cells (granulosa and cumulus cells) of ovarian follicles of all stages but was absent in the corpus luteum, suggesting its supportive role in folliculogenesis. In comparison with reproductive organogenesis in wild-type mice, there was no difference in testicular and epididymal structure in male Qsox2 knockout; however, Qsox2 knockout disrupted the regular ovulation process in female mice as a drastic decrease in the formation of the corpus luteum was detected, and no pregnancy was achieved when mating males with homozygous Qsox2 knockout females. RNAseq analyses further revealed that Qsox2 knockout altered critical signaling pathways and genes that are responsible for maintaining ovarian functions. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated for the first time that Qsox2 is critical for ovarian function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tse-En Wang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yi Yang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chun Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fuko Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kosek
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), RIEKN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - You-Tzung Chen
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10055, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Li
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 25160, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shiue Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Jambi S, Mirza A, Zughaibi T, Khalil H, Borai A. The assessment of liver function test and fertility hormones in Saudi athletes using anabolic androgenic steroids. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101954. [PMID: 38292405 PMCID: PMC10825542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of athletes are using synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), comprised of testosterone and other derivatives, to enhance athletic performance and muscle mass. Over the years, numerous reports elucidated the side effects of the illegal use of AAS, such as infertility, and liver disorders. The effect of AAS on the hepatic and reproductive systems in Saudi athletes has not yet been studied. Therefore, this study examined the liver function and sex hormone parameters of AAS users as compared to non-users. Methods Fasting blood samples were collected from 16 male Saudi athletes, 10 AAS-users (cases) and 6 non-users (controls) to measure liver function tests (ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, total protein, albumin, direct and total bilirubin) and muscle enzymes (CK, LDH), Fertility hormones (LH, FSH, total testosterone, estradiol, and prolactin) were included also. Furthermore, a self-reported questionnaire was obtained to identify the type of AAS used, the dosage, and the length of the course before sample collection. Results The results show a statistically significant increase in ALT (P < 0.001), AST (P < 0.001), CK (P < 0.05), and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in albumin (P < 0.001) and total bilirubin levels (P < 0.01) in AAS-users. Total testosterone increased significantly among AAS (P < 0.05), along with a significant decrease in LH (P < 0.01), and FSH (P < 0.001) levels, while serum prolactin and estradiol levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion AAS can enhance physical performance and appearance, its potential adverse effects on the hepatic and reproductive systems necessitate careful consideration. Our research demonstrates an increase in the liver-specific enzyme ALT in AAS users relative to non-users and the possibility that short-term AAS usage increases the risk of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Jambi
- King Abdullah International Medical Center, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for health science, Pathology, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Applied medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mirza
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Torki Zughaibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Khalil
- King Abdullah International Medical Center, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for health science, Pathology, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Borai
- King Abdullah International Medical Center, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for health science, Pathology, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia
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Van Loh BM, Yaw AM, Breuer JA, Jackson B, Nguyen D, Jang K, Ramos F, Ho EV, Cui LJ, Gillette DLM, Sempere LF, Gorman MR, Tonsfeldt KJ, Mellon PL, Hoffmann HM. The transcription factor VAX1 in VIP neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus impacts circadian rhythm generation, depressive-like behavior, and the reproductive axis in a sex-specific manner in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1269672. [PMID: 38205198 PMCID: PMC10777845 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) within the hypothalamus is a key brain structure required to relay light information to the body and synchronize cell and tissue level rhythms and hormone release. Specific subpopulations of SCN neurons, defined by their peptide expression, regulate defined SCN output. Here we focus on the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expressing neurons of the SCN. SCN VIP neurons are known to regulate circadian rhythms and reproductive function. Methods To specifically study SCN VIP neurons, we generated a novel knock out mouse line by conditionally deleting the SCN enriched transcription factor, Ventral Anterior Homeobox 1 (Vax1), in VIP neurons (Vax1Vip; Vax1fl/fl:VipCre). Results We found that Vax1Vip females presented with lengthened estrous cycles, reduced circulating estrogen, and increased depressive-like behavior. Further, Vax1Vip males and females presented with a shortened circadian period in locomotor activity and ex vivo SCN circadian period. On a molecular level, the shortening of the SCN period was driven, at least partially, by a direct regulatory role of VAX1 on the circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2. Interestingly, Vax1Vip females presented with increased expression of arginine vasopressin (Avp) in the paraventricular nucleus, which resulted in increased circulating corticosterone. SCN VIP and AVP neurons regulate the reproductive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin neurons. To determine how the reproductive neuroendocrine network was impacted in Vax1Vip mice, we assessed GnRH sensitivity to a kisspeptin challenge in vivo. We found that GnRH neurons in Vax1Vip females, but not males, had an increased sensitivity to kisspeptin, leading to increased luteinizing hormone release. Interestingly, Vax1Vip males showed a small, but significant increase in total sperm and a modest delay in pubertal onset. Both male and female Vax1Vip mice were fertile and generated litters comparable in size and frequency to controls. Conclusion Together, these data identify VAX1 in SCN VIP neurons as a neurological overlap between circadian timekeeping, female reproduction, and depressive-like symptoms in mice, and provide novel insight into the role of SCN VIP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M. Van Loh
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Yaw
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Joseph A. Breuer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Brooke Jackson
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Duong Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Krystal Jang
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Fabiola Ramos
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Emily V. Ho
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Laura J. Cui
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dominique L. M. Gillette
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lorenzo F. Sempere
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Michael R. Gorman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karen J. Tonsfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pamela L. Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hanne M. Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Gupta P, Mahapatra A, Suman A, Ray SS, Malafaia G, Singh RK. Polystyrene microplastics disrupt female reproductive health and fertility via sirt1 modulation in zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132359. [PMID: 37639793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution poses an emerging threat to aquatic biota, which could hinder their physiological processes. Recently various evidence has demonstrated the toxic impacts of MPs on cellular and organismal levels, but still, the underlying molecular mechanism behind their toxicity remains ambiguous. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis regulates the synthesis and release of sex steroid hormones, and SIRT1 plays a vital role in this process. The current study aimed to elucidate the harmful effects of MPs on female reproduction via SIRT1 modulation. Healthy female zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations (50 and 500 µg/L) of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs). The results revealed a significant change in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) after exposure to PS-MPs. In addition, the decreased fecundity rate displayed an evident dosage effect, indicating that exposure to PS-MPs causes deleterious effects on fertilization. Furthermore, significantly enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic signals through the TUNEL assay were evaluated in different treated groups. Moreover, morphological alterations in the gonads of zebrafish exposed to MPs were also observed through H&E staining. The subsequent change in plasma steroid hormone levels (E2/T ratio) showed an imbalance in hormonal homeostasis. Meanwhile, to follow PS-MPs' effects on the HPG axis via SIRT1 modulation and gene expression related to steroidogenesis, SIRT1/p53 pathway was evaluated through qPCR. The altered transcription levels of genes indicated the plausible interference of PS-MPs on the HPG axis function. Our in-silico molecular docking study proves that PS-MPs efficiently bind and inhibit endocrine receptors and SIRT1. Thus, these findings add to our understanding of the probable molecular mechanisms of reproductive impairment caused by PS-MPs in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Archisman Mahapatra
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Anjali Suman
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shubhendu Shekhar Ray
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO 75790-000, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil; Post-Graduation Programa in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil.
| | - Rahul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Khushboo M, Sanjeev S, Murthy MK, Sunitadevi M, Dinata R, Bhanushree B, Bidanchi RM, Nisa N, Lalrinzuali S, Manikandan B, Saeed AL, Abinash G, Pori B, Arati C, Roy VK, Gurusubramanian G. Dietary phytoestrogen diosgenin interrupts metabolism, physiology, and reproduction of Swiss albino mice: Possible mode of action as an emerging environmental contaminant, endocrine disruptor and reproductive toxicant. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113798. [PMID: 37146712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary phytoestrogens are the main source of environmental contamination due to their estrogen-mimicking and endocrine-disrupting effects, posing a threat to microbial, soil, plant, and animal health. Diosgenin, a phytosteroid saponin, is used in many traditional medicines, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapies against numerous diseases and disorders. It is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with diosgenin, as well as its potential to cause reproductive and endocrine toxicity. Due to the lack of research on the safety and probable adverse side effects of diosgenin, this work evaluated the endocrine-disrupting and reproductive toxicity of diosgenin in albino mice by following acute toxicity (OECD-423), repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity (OECD-468), and F1 extended one-generation reproductive toxicity (OECD-443) studies. Diosgenin was found to be slightly toxic, with LD50 for male and female mice being 546.26 and 538.72 mg/kg, respectively. Chronic exposure of diosgenin (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) generated oxidative stress, depleted antioxidant enzymes, disturbed homeostasis of the reproductive hormones, and interrupted steroidogenesis, germ cell apoptosis, gametogenesis, sperm quality, estrous cycle, and reproductive performance in the F0 and F1 offspring. Long-term oral exposure of diosgenin to the mice disturbed the endocrine and reproductive functions and generated transgenerational reproductive toxic effects in F0 and F1 offspring. These results suggest that diosgenin should be used carefully in food products and medical applications due to its potential endocrine-disrupting and reproductive toxic effects. The findings of this study provide a better understanding of the potential adverse effects of diosgenin and the need for appropriate risk assessment and management of its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurya Khushboo
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Sanasam Sanjeev
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | | | - Maibam Sunitadevi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Roy Dinata
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Baishya Bhanushree
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | | | - Nisekhoto Nisa
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Sailo Lalrinzuali
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Bose Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Ahmed-Laskar Saeed
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Giri Abinash
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Buragohain Pori
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Chettri Arati
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
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Lenert ME, Burton MD. Sensory neuron LKB1 mediates ovarian and reproductive function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534533. [PMID: 37034663 PMCID: PMC10081243 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Treatments for reproductive disorders in women primarily consist of hormone replacement therapy, which can have negative health impacts. Bidirectional communication between sensory neurons and innervated organs is an emerging area of interest in tissue physiology with potential relevance for reproductive disorders. Indeed, the metabolic activity of sensory neurons can have profound effects on reproductive phenotypes. To investigate this phenomenon, we utilized a murine model with conditional deletion in sensory neurons of liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cellular metabolism. Female mice with this LKB1 deletion (Nav1.8cre;LKB1fl/fl) had significantly more pups per litter compared to wild-type females. Interestingly, the LKB1 genotype of male breeders had no effect on fertility outcomes, thus indicating a female-specific role of sensory neuron metabolism in fertility. LKB1 deletion in sensory neurons resulted in reduced ovarian innervation from dorsal root ganglia neurons and increased follicular turnover compared to littermate controls. In summary, LKB1 expression in peripheral sensory neurons plays an important role in modulating fertility of female mice via ovarian sensory innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Lenert
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
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10
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Al-Ghamdi M, Huwait E, Elsawi N, Shaker Ali S, Sayed A. Thymoquinone ameliorates acrylamide-induced reproductive toxicity in female rats: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2023; 21:61-70. [PMID: 36875499 PMCID: PMC9982326 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v21i1.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acrylamide (AA) is a carcinogenic compound that causes severe reproductive impairments and represents a high environmental risk factor. Thymoquinone (TQ) has a unique antioxidant activity and has been widely used as a protective agent against various types of toxicity. Objective To evaluate the protective effects of TQ against AA-induced reproductive toxicity in female rats. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 40 female albino rats (120-150 gr, 8-10 wk) were sorted into 4 groups, (n = 10/each), vehicle group (received a daily oral administration of 0.5 ml saline [9%]); AA group (received a daily oral administration with freshly prepared AA, 20 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days which is less than the lethal dose LD 50 of AA in rats (20 mg/kg body weight); AA+TQ group (received a daily oral administration of TQ, 10 mg/kg body weight) after AA intoxication for 21 days, and TQ group (received a daily oral administration of TQ only, 10 mg/kg body weight) for 21 consecutive days. Reproductive hormones, carcinogenic biomarkers, and oxidative stress markers were measured. The histological assessment showed the protective effect of TQ against AA-induced ovarian injury. Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking approach were carried out to determine the binding affinity of TQ with cyclooxygenase 2. Results TQ administration significantly enhanced the functional capacity of the ovary at hormones, oxidative biomarkers, and tumor markers at a significant level of p < 0.001. Besides, TQ protects the ovary of AA-treated rats from the severe degeneration effect. Conclusion TQ showed a promising protective effect against AA-induced reproductive toxicity in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vitamin D Pharmacogenomics Research Group, King AbdulAziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Etimad Huwait
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagwa Elsawi
- Department of Chemistry, Lab Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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11
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Johnson CS, Mermelstein PG. The interaction of membrane estradiol receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors in adaptive and maladaptive estradiol-mediated motivated behaviors in females. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:33-91. [PMID: 36868633 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors were initially identified as intracellular, ligand-regulated transcription factors that result in genomic change upon ligand binding. However, rapid estrogen receptor signaling initiated outside of the nucleus was also known to occur via mechanisms that were less clear. Recent studies indicate that these traditional receptors, estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β, can also be trafficked to act at the surface membrane. Signaling cascades from these membrane-bound estrogen receptors (mERs) can rapidly alter cellular excitability and gene expression, particularly through the phosphorylation of CREB. A principal mechanism of neuronal mER action has been shown to occur through glutamate-independent transactivation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu), which elicits multiple signaling outcomes. The interaction of mERs with mGlu has been shown to be important in many diverse functions in females, including driving motivated behaviors. Experimental evidence suggests that a large part of estradiol-induced neuroplasticity and motivated behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, occurs through estradiol-dependent mER activation of mGlu. Herein we will review signaling through estrogen receptors, both "classical" nuclear receptors and membrane-bound receptors, as well as estradiol signaling through mGlu. We will focus on how the interactions of these receptors and their downstream signaling cascades are involved in driving motivated behaviors in females, discussing a representative adaptive motivated behavior (reproduction) and maladaptive motivated behavior (addiction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Paul G Mermelstein
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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12
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Bhandary P, Shetty PK, Manjeera L, Patil P. Hormonal, genetic, epigenetic and environmental aspects of polycystic ovarian syndrome. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Grzesiak M, Tchurzyk M, Socha M, Sechman A, Hrabia A. An Overview of the Current Known and Unknown Roles of Vitamin D 3 in the Female Reproductive System: Lessons from Farm Animals, Birds, and Fish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214137. [PMID: 36430615 PMCID: PMC9693557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have clearly shown that vitamin D3 is a crucial regulator of the female reproductive process in humans and animals. Knowledge of the expression of vitamin D3 receptors and related molecules in the female reproductive organs such as ovaries, uterus, oviduct, or placenta under physiological and pathological conditions highlights its contribution to the proper function of the reproductive system in females. Furthermore, vitamin D3 deficiency leads to serious reproductive disturbances and pathologies including ovarian cysts. Although the influence of vitamin D3 on the reproductive processes of humans and rodents has been extensively described, the association between vitamin D3 and female reproductive function in farm animals, birds, and fish has rarely been summarized. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of vitamin D3 in the reproductive system of those animals, with special attention paid to the expression of vitamin D3 receptors and its metabolic molecules. This updated information could be essential for better understanding animal physiology and overcoming the incidence of infertility, which is crucial for optimizing reproductive outcomes in female livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Grzesiak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-664-5025
| | - Marcelina Tchurzyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Socha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sechman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Hrabia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
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14
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Kamgang VW, Bennett NC, van der Goot AC, Ganswindt A. Endocrine correlates of female reproductive activity in the roan antelope (
Hippotragus equinus
). J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. W. Kamgang
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - N. C. Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | | | - A. Ganswindt
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
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15
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Li L, Zhang J, Lu C, Wang B, Guo J, Zhang H, Cui S. MicroRNA-7a2 Contributes to Estrogen Synthesis and Is Modulated by FSH via the JNK Signaling Pathway in Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158565. [PMID: 35955699 PMCID: PMC9369042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-7a2 (miR-7a2) plays fundamental roles in the female reproductive axis, and estrogen is indispensable for maintaining ovary function. However, the interaction between miR-7a2 and ovarian function is unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether and how miR-7a2 functions in estrogen synthesis. Firstly, the results verified that miR-7a was highly expressed in ovarian granulosa cells. The knockout (KO) of miR-7a2 caused infertility and abnormal ovarian function in mice. Concomitantly, the Cyp19a1 expression and estrogen synthesis were significantly inhibited, which was validated in primary granulosa cells. The mice transplanted with miR-7a2 KO ovaries showed similar results; however, estrogen supplementation reversed infertility. In the in vitro experiment, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) significantly improved the expression of miR-7a and Cyp19a1 and the synthesis of estrogen. However, the miR-7a2 KO markedly reversed the function of FSH. Also, FSH upregulated miR-7a by activating the (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) JNK signaling pathway. In addition, Golgi apparatus protein 1 (Glg1) was shown to be the target gene of miR-7a2. These findings indicated that miR-7a2 is essential for ovarian functions with respect to estrogen synthesis through the targeted inhibition of the expression of Glg1 and then promoting Cyp19a1 expression; the physiological process was positively regulated by FSH via the JNK signaling pathway in granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (C.L.); (B.W.); (J.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (C.L.); (B.W.); (J.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bingjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (C.L.); (B.W.); (J.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jiajia Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (C.L.); (B.W.); (J.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haitong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (C.L.); (B.W.); (J.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (C.L.); (B.W.); (J.G.); (H.Z.)
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Li L, Lu C, Zhang D, Liu H, Cui S. Taurine promotes estrogen synthesis by regulating microRNA-7a2 in mice ovarian granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 626:129-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Wang Y, Zhang G, Jiang H, Liu D, Hu X, Qian F. Dynamic changes in the hormones of black-necked cranes during reproduction. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac040. [PMID: 36937702 PMCID: PMC10020981 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Black-necked cranes (Grus nigricollis) are national first-level protected wild animals in China. Artificial breeding has been adopted by many zoos and reserves to achieve ex-situ conservation of black-necked cranes, but the breeding rate of the species in cages is low. This study used non-invasive methods combined with behavioural observations to investigate changes in sex hormones and glucocorticoid metabolites in the droppings of black-necked cranes during the breeding cycle, with the results showing that (i) levels of estradiol and testosterone in black-necked cranes increased significantly when they entered the breeding period, and these levels could be used as an important physiological indicator to effectively monitor the physiological status of females and males during the reproductive period, thus providing a theoretical basis for the timing of semen collection; (ii) the level of progesterone in the mid-reproduction stage was significantly higher than that in other stages in female black-necked cranes after successful mating, and this level could be an effective indicator of the mating status of female black-necked cranes; (iii) droppings' glucocorticoid metabolites in the breeding period showed different dynamics between paired and singly caged black-necked cranes, indicating that the physiological phenomenon of reproduction could result in a certain amount of physiological burden on black-necked cranes. These results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of physiological parameters in the artificial breeding of black-necked cranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No.2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No.2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hongxing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No.2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Dongping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No.2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xingbo Hu
- Beijing Shoufa Tianren Ecological Landscape Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Fawen Qian
- Corresponding author: Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No.2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China. Tel: +86-10-62888849.
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18
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Abdullah AA, Ahmed M, Oladokun A. Leptin levels in women with unexplained infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Meta-Anal 2022; 10:37-45. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v10.i1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unexplained infertility (UI) is usually used for any heterosexual couple who failed to have a successful clinical pregnancy without identifying clear causes after they undergo all standard fertility tests. Evidence shows that leptin is one of the most accurate biomarkers for UI. Nevertheless, conflicting results regarding leptin levels in women with UI have been reported.
AIM To find the serum leptin levels in women with UI.
METHODS All studies written in English and conducted before April 30, 2021 from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, OATD, and the infertility conference abstract were included. Studies were found eligible if they provided the mean and standard deviation of leptin for the case group and control group. The quality assessment of individual studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Tool. Data synthesis and statistical analysis were done using STATA software version 16.
RESULTS A total of 378 studies were reviewed, and just six studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled result showed that leptin levels were significantly higher in women with UI compared to fertile women, with a standardized mean difference of 0.97 (95% confidence interval: -0.49-2.43). However, heterogeneity across studies was highly significant (P < 0.00001; I2 = 98.8%).
CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that leptin levels are elevated in women with UI compared with fertile women; hence, leptin could be a potential biomarker for UI in women, and it may be useful for identifying women with a high risk of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abdulslam Abdullah
- Department of Reproductive Health Sciences, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 119, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Gadarif, Gadarif 208, Sudan
| | - Musa Ahmed
- Department of Reproductive Health Sciences, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 119, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, AL-Salam University, Al-Fulla 209, West Kordofan, Sudan
| | - Adesina Oladokun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Epidemiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan 119, Oyo state, Nigeria
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Insights into the perspective correlation between vitamin D and regulation of hormones: sex hormones and prolactin. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2021-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim. Vitamin D is currently an exciting research target, besides its obvious role in calcium homeostasis and bone health, enormous work is being directed at examining the effects of this vitamin on various biological functions and pathological conditions.
Material and methods. The review of the literature and the analysis took about six months and was carried out through PubMed. This is a search engine opening mainly the MEDLINE database of trusted references. We called up all studies written in English that were published between the years 2004 to 2021 and that came through using the applied search terms, and analysed all those that met the criteria.
Results. The endocrine system with its many glands and hormones and their essential roles in the maintenance of normal body functioning cannot be far from interactions with vitamin D. Male and female sex hormones are no exceptions and many studies have investigated the correlations between these hormones and vitamin D. As such, direct and indirect relationships have been found between vitamin D, its receptors or one of its metabolising enzymes with sex hormones and the development of reproductive organs in males and females.
Conclusion. This review summarises the research investigating the associations of vitamin D with sex hormones and reproductive organs in males and females, and thus may pave the road for future studies that will investigate the clinical significance of vitamin D in the management of reproductive system disorders. Despite some conflicting results about the relationship between VD and the effectiveness of the reproductive system, many studies confirm the presence of receptors for this vitamin in the reproductive system, and this supports the direct or indirect relationship between VD and prolactin or VD and testosterone through PO4 and Ca2+ homeostasis, or production of osteocalcin. Therefore, VD is positively associated with semen quality and androgen status. Furthermore, a direct relationship between VD and the production of progesterone, estrogen and estrone in human ovarian cells has been supported by many studies.
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20
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Liu W, Chen Q, Liu Z, Weng Z, Nguyen TN, Feng J, Zhou S. Zihuai recipe alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced diminished ovarian reserve via suppressing PI3K/AKT-mediated apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:113789. [PMID: 33422655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zihuai recipe (ZHR), a Chinese herbal prescription, is widely used for the clinical treatment of Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) infertility. However, little is known regarding its underlying mechanisms of DOR treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of ZHR on the treatment of DOR and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty female 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following six groups (n=10 per group): control, DOR, low-dose(2.7 g/kg/day) ZHR (L-ZHR), medium-dose(5.4 g/kg/day), ZHR (M-ZHR), high-dose(10.8 g/kg/day) ZHR (H-ZHR), and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) treatment groups. The DOR model was established in all the groups, except the control group, by a single intraperitoneal injection of 90 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. After the induction of the DOR model, rats were weighed and administered either the relevant dose of ZHR or an equal volume of saline solution (in the control and DOR groups). Rats in the HRT group received estradiol valerate tablets (0.16 mg/kg/day), and with medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets (0.86 mg/kg/day) added on day 4. After 32 days of treatment, the rats were euthanized and the ovaries were collected for sampling. Ovarian morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the number of follicles was counted under a microscope. The serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) were quantified by ELISA. A TUNEL assay was used to analyze the level of apoptosis of the ovarian cells. The protein expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT, PI3K, AKT, cleaved caspase-3, BAX, and Bcl-2 were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS ZHR administration increased the ovarian index and the serum levels of AMH, GnRH, and E2, while lowering those of FSH and LH. ZHR treatment also increased the number of primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicles, as well as the number of corpora lutea, but decreased the number of atretic follicles. Furthermore, ZHR administration decreased the percentage of TUNEL-positive ovarian cells. After treatment with ZHR, the protein expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, cleaved caspase-3 and BAX were decreased, whereas the level of Bcl-2 was increased. CONCLUSIONS ZHR improved the ovarian reserve in CTX-induced DOR rats. The mechanisms of ZHR on DOR may be mediated through the regulation of gonadal hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPOA), and the inhibition of PI3K/AKT-mediated apoptosis in granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qi Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhiwei Weng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | | | - Jiaming Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Shaohu Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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21
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Dudley JS, Murphy CR, Thompson MB, McAllan BM. Uterine cellular changes during mammalian pregnancy and the evolution of placentation. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1381-1400. [PMID: 34514493 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many different forms of nutrient provision in viviparous (live bearing) species. The formation of a placenta is one method where the placenta functions to transfer nutrients from mother to fetus (placentotrophy), transfer waste from the fetus to the mother and respiratory gas exchange. Despite having the same overarching function, there are different types of placentation within placentotrophic vertebrates, and many morphological changes occur in the uterus during pregnancy to facilitate formation of the placenta. These changes are regulated in complex ways but are controlled by similar hormonal mechanisms across species. This review describes current knowledge of the morphological and molecular changes to the uterine epithelium preceding implantation among mammals. Our aim is to identify the commonalities and constraints of these cellular changes to understand the evolution of placentation in mammals and propose directions for future research. We compare and discuss the complex modifications to the ultrastructure of uterine epithelial cells and show that there are similarities in the changes to the cytoskeleton and gross morphology of the uterine epithelial cells, especially of the apical and lateral plasma membrane of the cells during the formation of a placenta in all eutherians and marsupials studied to date. We conclude that further research is needed to understand the evolution of placentation among viviparous mammals, particularly concerning the level of placental invasiveness, hormonal control and genetic underpinnings of pregnancy in marsupial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Dudley
- School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Christopher R Murphy
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael B Thompson
- School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bronwyn M McAllan
- School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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22
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Li X, Zhou L, Peng G, Liao M, Zhang L, Hu H, Long L, Tang X, Qu H, Shao J, Zheng H, Long M. Pituitary P62 deficiency leads to female infertility by impairing luteinizing hormone production. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1238-1249. [PMID: 34453106 PMCID: PMC8417229 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P62 is a protein adaptor for various metabolic processes. Mice that lack p62 develop adult-onset obesity. However, investigations on p62 in reproductive dysfunction are rare. In the present study, we explored the effect of p62 on the reproductive system. P62 deficiency-induced reproductive dysfunction occurred at a young age (8 week old). Young systemic p62 knockout (p62-/-) and pituitary-specific p62 knockout (p62flox/flox αGSUcre) mice both presented a normal metabolic state, whereas they displayed infertility phenotypes (attenuated breeding success rates, impaired folliculogenesis and ovulation, etc.) with decreased luteinizing hormone (LH) expression and production. Consistently, in an infertility model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pituitary p62 mRNA was positively correlated with LH levels. Mechanistically, p62-/- pituitary RNA sequencing showed a significant downregulation of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. In vitro experiments using the pituitary gonadotroph cell line LβT2 and siRNA/shRNA/plasmid confirmed that p62 modulated LH synthesis and secretion via mitochondrial OXPHOS function, especially Ndufa2, a component molecule of mitochondrial complex I, as verified by Seahorse and rescue tests. After screening OXPHOS markers, Ndufa2 was found to positively regulate LH production in LβT2 cells. Furthermore, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulating test in p62flox/flox αGSUcre mice and LβT2 cells illustrated that p62 is a modulator of the GnRH-LH axis, which is dependent on intracellular calcium and ATP. These findings demonstrated that p62 deficiency in the pituitary impaired LH production via mitochondrial OXPHOS signaling and led to female infertility, thus providing the GnRH-p62-OXPHOS(Ndufa2)-Ca2+/ATP-LH pathway in gonadotropic cells as a new theoretical basis for investigating female reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street No. 183, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Zhongshan East Street No. 305, Xuanwu, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhongshan East Street No. 305, Xuanwu, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street No. 183, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiliang Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street No. 183, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street No. 183, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street No. 183, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street No. 183, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Long
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street No. 183, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street No. 183, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street No. 183, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Zhongshan East Street No. 305, Xuanwu, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhongshan East Street No. 305, Xuanwu, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street No. 183, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
| | - Min Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street No. 183, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
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Lutterschmidt DI, Lucas AR, Summers AR. Trans-seasonal activation of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis: Low-temperature winter dormancy modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in garter snakes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 337:50-64. [PMID: 34270177 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
All animals use external cues from the environment to accurately time life-history events. How the brain decodes environmental stimuli to effect changes in physiology and behavior, however, is poorly understood, particularly with regard to supplementary environmental cues such as temperature. We asked if low-temperature dormancy alters the synthesis and/or release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). We used the well-studied red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) for this study, as low-temperature exposure is both necessary and sufficient to induce reproduction in northern populations of this species. Snakes were collected from the field and hibernated at 4°C or 10°C in complete darkness for up to 16 weeks. In males, increasing duration of low-temperature dormancy significantly increased GnRH-immunoreactive cell number and GnRH soma size (a proxy for relative cell activity) in the forebrain. These changes mirrored those in male reproductive behavior (reported previously) and plasma androgen concentrations. The changes in GnRH cell area observed in males were specific to the neuroendocrine population of cells in the medial preoptic area; soma size in the rostral GnRH cells did not change. Finally, temperature-induced changes in GnRH were sexually dimorphic: neither hibernation temperature nor the duration of winter dormancy significantly modulated GnRH cell number or soma size in females, despite the fact that plasma estradiol and corticosterone increased significantly in response to both. These data demonstrate that the neuroendocrine GnRH system is sensitive to environmental temperature and suggest that GnRH neurons play a conserved but trans-seasonal role in mediating changes in reproductive physiology and behavior in dissociated breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley R Lucas
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew R Summers
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Resveratrol ameliorates malathion-induced estrus cycle disorder through attenuating the ovarian tissue oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 104:8-15. [PMID: 34182086 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malathion is a high-efficiency organic phosphorus broad-spectrum insecticide which is commonly used in agricultural production, sanitation and epidemic prevention. Although the toxic effects of malathion on animal reproduction have been partially evaluated, its function, regulatory mechanism and antidote in estrus cycle and reproductive damage remain generally unclear. Here, the results showed that malathion disrupted the normal estrus cycle in mice, reduced the secretion of ovarian hormones, increased the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and promoted autophagy and apoptosis in the ovary. Interestingly, we found that an antioxidant resveratrol could inhibit the disorders of estrus cycle and steroid hormone synthesis, reduced the abnormality of ROS accumulation, autophagy and apoptosis in malathion-exposed ovarian tissue. Furthermore, compared with those of the control group, malathion induced autophagy and apoptosis in the granular cells, whereas resveratrol attenuated these effects of malathion. Therefore, disadvantages of malathion exposure on estrus cycle disorder could partly reverse by resveratrol supplement. Overall, resveratrol may be a potential drug to prevent malathion-induced ovarian damages and estrus cycle disorder. Our findings provide new insights into ovarian response to malathion and resveratrol exposure.
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Kinkade CW, Rivera-Núñez Z, Gorcyzca L, Aleksunes LM, Barrett ES. Impact of Fusarium-Derived Mycoestrogens on Female Reproduction: A Systematic Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060373. [PMID: 34073731 PMCID: PMC8225184 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of the world’s food supply and animal feed with mycotoxins is a growing concern as global temperatures rise and promote the growth of fungus. Zearalenone (ZEN), an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi, is a common contaminant of cereal grains and has also been detected at lower levels in meat, milk, and spices. ZEN’s synthetic derivative, zeranol, is used as a growth promoter in United States (US) and Canadian beef production. Experimental research suggests that ZEN and zeranol disrupt the endocrine and reproductive systems, leading to infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome-like phenotypes, pregnancy loss, and low birth weight. With widespread human dietary exposure and growing experimental evidence of endocrine-disrupting properties, a comprehensive review of the impact of ZEN, zeranol, and their metabolites on the female reproductive system is warranted. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological literature and evaluate the potential impact of ZEN, zeranol, and their metabolites (commonly referred to as mycoestrogens) on female reproductive outcomes. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42020166469) of the literature (2000–2020) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The data sources were primary literature published in English obtained from searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The ToxR tool was applied to assess risk of bias. In vitro and in vivo studies (n = 104) were identified and, overall, evidence consistently supported adverse effects of mycoestrogens on physiological processes, organs, and tissues associated with female reproduction. In non-pregnant animals, mycoestrogens alter follicular profiles in the ovary, disrupt estrus cycling, and increase myometrium thickness. Furthermore, during pregnancy, mycoestrogen exposure contributes to placental hemorrhage, stillbirth, and impaired fetal growth. No epidemiological studies fitting the inclusion criteria were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn W. Kinkade
- Joint Graduate Program in Exposure Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (Z.R.-N.); (L.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.K.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (Z.R.-N.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ludwik Gorcyzca
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA;
| | - Lauren M. Aleksunes
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (Z.R.-N.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (Z.R.-N.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: (C.W.K.); (E.S.B.)
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Dozortsev DI, Diamond MP. Luteinizing hormone-independent rise of progesterone as the physiological trigger of the ovulatory gonadotropins surge in the human. Fertil Steril 2021; 114:191-199. [PMID: 32741458 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The current ovarian cycle paradigm postulates that ovulation is triggered by a critically sustained elevation of estradiol. However, an in-depth look into the published data reveals considerable uncertainty about the relative roles of progesterone and estradiol in the ovulation process.This review provides compelling evidences that the role of estradiol in ovulation has been misinterpreted and that the true physiological trigger of ovulation is a luteinizing hormone-independent preovulatory progesterone surge in the circulation to approximately 0.5 ng/mL. Furthermore, the current work reconciles the ability of progesterone to trigger ovulation, with its well-established ability to block ovulation during pregnancy, or when administered in the form of a synthetic progestin in birth control formulations and with experimental data that estradiol benzoate triggers ovulation in the complete absence of progesterone.
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Chumduri C, Turco MY. Organoids of the female reproductive tract. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:531-553. [PMID: 33580825 PMCID: PMC8026429 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Healthy functioning of the female reproductive tract (FRT) depends on balanced and dynamic regulation by hormones during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth. The mucosal epithelial lining of different regions of the FRT-ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina-facilitates the selective transport of gametes and successful transfer of the zygote to the uterus where it implants and pregnancy takes place. It also prevents pathogen entry. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems from the FRT now provide crucial experimental models that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity and physiological, anatomical and functional properties of the organ in vitro. In this review, we summarise the state of the art on organoids generated from different regions of the FRT. We discuss the potential applications of these powerful in vitro models to study normal physiology, fertility, infections, diseases, drug discovery and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindrilla Chumduri
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Margherita Y Turco
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK.
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Ke R, Lok SIS, Singh K, Chow BKC, Janovjak H, Lee LTO. Formation of Kiss1R/GPER Heterocomplexes Negatively Regulates Kiss1R-mediated Signalling through Limiting Receptor Cell Surface Expression. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166843. [PMID: 33539880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1R) is an important receptor that plays central regulatory roles in reproduction by regulating hormone release in the hypothalamus. We hypothesize that the formation of heterocomplexes between Kiss1R and other hypothalamus G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) affects their cellular signaling. Through screening of potential interactions between Kiss1R and hypothalamus GPCRs, we identified G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) as one interaction partner of Kiss1R. Based on the recognised function of kisspeptin and estrogen in regulating the reproductive system, we investigated the Kiss1R/GPER heterocomplex in more detail and revealed that complex formation significantly reduced Kiss1R-mediated signaling. GPER did not directly antagonize Kiss1R conformational changes upon ligand binding, but it rather reduced the cell surface expression of Kiss1R. These results therefore demonstrate a regulatory mechanism of hypothalamic hormone receptors via receptor cooperation in the reproductive system and modulation of receptor sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ke
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Samson Ian Sam Lok
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Kailash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Billy Kwok Chong Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Harald Janovjak
- EMBL Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
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Li H, Zhang G, Guo Y, Deng J, Fischer H, Craig LB, Kem DC, Yu X. Autoimmune activation of the GnRH receptor induces insulin resistance independent of obesity in a female rat model. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14672. [PMID: 33356018 PMCID: PMC7757370 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a metabolic and reproductive disease, is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes. We have demonstrated activating autoantibodies (AAb) directed toward the second extracellular loop (ECL2) of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) are present in a significant subgroup of PCOS patients. It is unclear whether GnRHR-AAb can induce peripheral tissue insulin resistance (IR) in animal models. Sixteen rats were divided equally into a GnRHR ECL2 peptide-immunized group (IMM group) and a control group (CON group). Sera GnRHR-AAb titer, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) were higher in IMM rats compared with CON rats. No significant difference in fasting blood glucose was observed between the two groups. However, the plasma glucose level at other time points of the IMM group was higher than that of the CON group during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and an insulin tolerance test (ITT) (p < 0.01). These data support the likelihood of the GnRHR-AAb induction of glucose intolerance and IR. Compared with the CON group, the IMM group showed a significant increase in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 (p-IRS-1 S636/639) and a decrease in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt (p-AKT S473). Expression of the glucose transport genes including GLUT-2 in liver and GLUT-4 in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle was significantly decreased in IMM rats compared with the CON rats. Serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-18) were increased, while anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were decreased in the IMM group. Taken together, elevated GnRHR-AAb enhanced LH, hyperandrogenism, and inflammation. These changes are likely related to the observed peripheral tissue IR through the downregulation of the insulin-stimulated IRS/PI3K/Akt/Glut signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Li
- Section of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahomaOKUSA
| | - Gege Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahomaOKUSA
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and RemodelingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Yankai Guo
- Section of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahomaOKUSA
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and RemodelingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Jielin Deng
- Section of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahomaOKUSA
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Hayley Fischer
- Section of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahomaOKUSA
| | - LaTasha B. Craig
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology & InfertilityDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahomaOKUSA
| | - David C. Kem
- Section of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahomaOKUSA
| | - Xichun Yu
- Section of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahomaOKUSA
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Luque-Córdoba D, Priego-Capote F. Fully automated method for quantitative determination of steroids in serum: An approach to evaluate steroidogenesis. Talanta 2020; 224:121923. [PMID: 33379124 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis is a set of metabolic reactions where the enzymes play a key role to control the physiological levels of steroids. A deficiency in steroidogenesis induces an accumulation and/or insufficiency of steroids in human blood and can lead to different pathologies. This issue added to the low levels of steroids (pg mL-1 to ng mL-1) in this biofluid make of their determination an analytical challenge. In this research, we present a high-throughtput and fully automated method based on solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (SPE-LC-MS/MS) to quantify estrogens (estrone and estradiol), androgens (testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone), progestogens (progesterone, pregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone), glucocorticoids (21-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisone, corticosterone and cortisol) and one mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) in human serum. The performance of the SPE step and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode allowed reaching a high sensitivity and selectivity levels without any derivatization reaction. The fragmentation mechanisms of the steroids were complementary studied by LC-MS/MS in high-resolution mode to confirm the MRM transitions. The method was characterized with two SPE sorbents with similar physico-chemical properties. Thus, limits of quantification were at pg mL-1 levels, the variability was below 25% (except for pregnenolone and cortisone), and the accuracy, expressed as bias, was always within ±25%. The proposed method was tested in human serum from ten volunteers, who reported levels for the sixteen target steroids that were satisfactorily in agreement with the physiological ranges reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luque-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain.
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31
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Shpigler HY, Herb B, Drnevich J, Band M, Robinson GE, Bloch G. Juvenile hormone regulates brain-reproduction tradeoff in bumble bees but not in honey bees. Horm Behav 2020; 126:104844. [PMID: 32860832 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropic hormones coordinate processes in diverse tissues regulating animal reproductive physiology and behavior. Juvenile hormone (JH) is the ancient and most common gonadotropin in insects, but not in advanced eusocial honey bees and some ants. To start probing the evolutionary basis of this change, we combined endocrine manipulations, transcriptomics, and behavioral analyses to study JH regulated processes in a bumble bee showing a relatively simple level of eusociality. We found that in worker fat body, more JH-regulated genes were up- rather than down-regulated, and enriched for metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. This transcriptomic pattern is consistent with earlier evidence that JH is the major gonadotropin in bumble bees. In the brain, more JH-regulated genes were down- rather than up-regulated and enriched for protein turnover pathways. Brain ribosomal protein gene expression shows a similar trend of downregulation in dominant workers, which naturally have high JH titers. In other species, similar downregulation of protein turnover is found in aging brains or under stress, associated with compromised long-term memory and health. These findings suggest a previously unknown gonadotropin-mediated tradeoff. Analysis of published data reveals no such downregulation of protein turnover pathways in the brain of honey bee workers, which exhibit more complex eusociality and in which JH is not a gonadotropin but rather regulates division of labor. These results suggest that the evolution of complex eusociality in honey bees was associated with modifications in hormonal signalling supporting extended and extremely high fertility while reducing the ancient costs of high gonadotropin titers to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Y Shpigler
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brian Herb
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- High-Performance Biological Computing Group, Roy J Carver Biotechnology Center, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Mark Band
- Roy J Carver Biotechnology Center, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Gene E Robinson
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Entomology Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Neuroscience Program, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Guy Bloch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Hu W, Huang P, Xiong Y, Guo W, Wang Y, Fan Q, Wang Q, Mei J. Synergistic Combination of Exogenous Hormones to Improve the Spawning and Post-spawning Survival of Female Yellow Catfish. Front Genet 2020; 11:961. [PMID: 33005173 PMCID: PMC7483481 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple repeat spawners make large contributions to long-term population stability and aquaculture breeding programs. A high percentage of female yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) died for spawning failure or incomplete spawning after artificial spawning by traditional synthetic hormones including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), and domperidone (DOM). The present study was designed to compare the efficacy of different combinations of exogenous hormones for inducing ovulation in yellow catfish using hCG, LHRH, DOM, and carp pituitary extraction (CPE). We found a optimal strategy for exogenous hormones administration, the mixture of LHRH/CPE for the first injection and LHRH/CPE/DOM for the second injection, could greatly improve the rates of spawning success, weight of ovulated eggs and survival rate after spawning. Interestingly, a population of female yellow catfish with defective reproductive duct could not spawn and showed high mortality after induced by a combination of hCG/LHRH/DOM, whereas a synergistic combination of hCG, LHRH, DOM, and CPE could efficiently induce spawning and reduce mortality in the defective yellow catfish, in which a significant decrease of Vitellin and E2 levels. Altogether, our findings provide an effective combination of exogenous hormones to improve spawning and post-spawning survival of female yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qixue Fan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Xiong S, Tian J, Ge S, Li Z, Long Z, Guo W, Huang P, He Y, Xiao T, Gui JF, Mei J. The microRNA-200 cluster on chromosome 23 is required for oocyte maturation and ovulation in zebrafish†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:769-778. [PMID: 32697314 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive process is usually controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis in vertebrates, while Kiss/gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system in the hypothalamus is required for mammalian reproduction but dispensable for fish reproduction. The regulation of follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone (LH) expression in fish species is still unknown. Here, we identified miR-200s on chromosome 23 (chr23-miR-200s) as important regulators for female zebrafish reproduction. Knockout of chr23-miR-200s (chr23-miR-200s-KO) resulted in dysregulated expression of luteinizing hormone beta lhb (luteinizing hormone beta) and some hormone genes in the pituitary as revealed by comparative transcriptome profiling, leading to failure of oocyte maturation and ovulation as well as defects in reproductive duct development. Chr23-miR-200s mainly expressed in the pituitary and regulated lhb expression by targeting the transcription repressor wt1a. Injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) could rescue the defects of oocyte maturation in chr23-miR-200s-KO zebrafish, whereas GnRH or LHRH-A2 could not, suggesting that Chr23-miR-200s regulated lhb expression in a GnRH-independent pathway. It was remarkable that either injection of carp pituitary extraction, or co-injection of hCG with synthetic oxytocin and vasotocin could greatly rescue the defects of both oocyte maturation and ovulation in chr23-miR-200s-KO zebrafish. Altogether, our findings highlight an important function of chr23-miR-200s in controlling oocyte maturation by regulation LH expression, and oxytocin and vasotocin are potentially responsible for the ovulation in fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinsong Tian
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Ge
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Long
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiaoyi Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Hou L, Chen S, Shi W, Chen H, Liang Y, Wang X, Tan J, Wang Y, Deng X, Zhan M, Long J, Cai G, Luo S, Zhang C, Liu J, Leung JYS, Xie L. Norethindrone alters mating behaviors, ovary histology, hormone production and transcriptional expression of steroidogenic genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110496. [PMID: 32213369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The impact of progestins (i.e. synthetic forms of progesterone) on aquatic organisms has drawn increasing attention due to their widespread occurrence in the aquatic environments and potential effects on the endocrine system of fish. In this study, the effects of norethindrone (NET, a progestin) on the reproductive behavior, sex hormone production and transcriptional expressions were evaluated by exposing female zebrafish to NET at 0, 3.1, 36.2 and 398.6 ng L-1 for 60 days. Results showed that NET impaired the mating behaviors of female at 36.2 and 398.6 ng L-1 exhibited by males and increased the frequency of atretic follicular cells in the ovary exposed to NET at 398.6 ng L-1. As for sex hormones, plasma testosterone concentration in zebrafish increased, while estradiol concentration decreased. Up-regulation of genes (Npr, Mpra, Mprβ, Fshβ, Lβ, Tshb, Nis and Dio2) was detected in the brain of fish exposed to NET at 398.6 ng L-1. The transcriptional levels of genes (Esr1, Vtg1, Ar, Cyp19a, Cyp11b and Ptgs2) were generally inhibited in the ovary of zebrafish by NET at 398.6 ng L-1. Moreover, the transcripts of genes (Vtg1, Esr1, Ar and Pgr) in the liver were reduced by NET at 36.2 and 398.6 ng L-1. Our findings suggest that NET can potentially diminish the of fish populations not only by damaging their reproductive organs, but also by altering their mating behavior through the changes in the expressions of genes responsible for the production of sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Shanduo Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanqiu Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jiefeng Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xikai Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Manjun Zhan
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jianzhao Long
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Guowei Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Shaowen Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution, China.
| | - Jonathan Y S Leung
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.
| | - Lingtian Xie
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Behura SK, Kelleher AM, Spencer TE. Regulation of uterine genes during the peri‐implantation period, and its relationship to the maternal brain in gestating mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:482-492. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanta K. Behura
- Division of Animal SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbia Missouri
- Institute for Data Science and InformaticsUniversity of MissouriColumbia Missouri
| | | | - Thomas E. Spencer
- Division of Animal SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbia Missouri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthUniversity of MissouriColumbia Missouri
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Amino acid supplementation of a simple inorganic salt solution supports efficient in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11739. [PMID: 31409817 PMCID: PMC6692353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) conditions allows for improved reproducibility and efficiency of bovine embryo production. IVM conditions for bovine oocytes have been extensively studied, but beneficial effects of individual supplements remain controversial. This study compared methods of cumulus oocyte complex (COC) isolation, and culture medium requirements, for IVM in order to define optimal conditions. Antral follicles in ovaries were sliced or aspirated to isolate COCs. Brilliant cresyl blue staining of COCs was used to determine the most effective collection technique and the effect of hormones and groups of amino acids in the culture medium was investigated. Our results showed COCs isolated through aspiration had greater meiotic competency to reach MII. Oocyte maturation was achieved with the addition of 1 µg/mL FSH, while estrogen and human chorionic gonadotrophin did not increase the number of MII oocytes. We also provide novel data, that supplementation of a simple inorganic salt solution with L-proline, L-glutamine and essential amino acids in combination, but not individually, resulted in nuclear maturation comparable to TCM199, a more complex medium containing all 20 common amino acids, vitamins, inorganic salts and FBS. Replacement of FBS with BSA in this simplified medium creates a defined medium which provides conditions for IVM that enable reproducible maturation rates.
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Possible Existence of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Hippocampal (HPH) Axis: A Reciprocal Relationship Between Hippocampal Specific Neuroestradiol Synthesis and Neuroblastosis in Ageing Brains with Special Reference to Menopause and Neurocognitive Disorders. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1781-1795. [PMID: 31254250 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus-derived neuroestradiol plays a major role in neuroplasticity, independent of circulating estradiol that originates from gonads. The response of hypothalamus-pituitary regions towards the synthesis of neuroestradiol in the hippocampus is an emerging scientific concept in cognitive neuroscience. Hippocampal plasticity has been proposed to be regulated via neuroblasts, a major cellular determinant of functional neurogenesis in the adult brain. Defects in differentiation, integration and survival of neuroblasts in the hippocampus appear to be an underlying cause of neurocognitive disorders. Gonadotropin receptors and steroidogenic enzymes have been found to be expressed in neuroblasts in the hippocampus of the brain. However, the reciprocal relationship between hippocampal-specific neuroestradiol synthesis along neuroblastosis and response of pituitary based feedback regulation towards regulation of estradiol level in the hippocampus have not completely been ascertained. Therefore, this conceptual article revisits (1) the cellular basis of neuroestradiol synthesis (2) a potential relationship between neuroestradiol synthesis and neuroblastosis in the hippocampus (3) the possible involvement of aberrant neuroestradiol production with mitochondrial dysfunctions and dyslipidemia in menopause and adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders and (4) provides a hypothesis for the possible existence of the hypothalamic-pituitary-hippocampal (HPH) axis in the adult brain. Eventually, understanding the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis by abnormal levels of neuroestradiol concentration in association with the feedback regulation of HPH axis might provide additional cues to establish a neuroregenerative therapeutic management for mood swings, depression and cognitive decline in menopause and neurocognitive disorders.
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Lizneva D, Rahimova A, Kim SM, Atabiekov I, Javaid S, Alamoush B, Taneja C, Khan A, Sun L, Azziz R, Yuen T, Zaidi M. FSH Beyond Fertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:136. [PMID: 30941099 PMCID: PMC6433784 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional view of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a reproductive hormone is changing. It has been shown that FSH receptors (FSHRs) are expressed in various extra-gonadal tissues and mediate the biological effects of FSH at those sites. Molecular, animal, epidemiologic, and clinical data suggest that elevated serum FSH may play a significant role in the evolution of bone loss and obesity, as well as contributing to cardiovascular and cancer risk. This review summarizes recent data on FSH action beyond reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Lizneva
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alina Rahimova
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Se-Min Kim
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ihor Atabiekov
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Seher Javaid
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bateel Alamoush
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charit Taneja
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ayesha Khan
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Li Sun
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Academic Health and Hospital Affairs, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Suszka‐Świtek A, Pałasz A, Filipczyk Ł, Menezes IC, Mordecka‐Chamera K, Angelone T, Bogus K, Bacopoulou F, Worthington JJ, Wiaderkiewicz R. The Gn
RH
analogues affect novel neuropeptide
SMIM
20/phoenixin and
GPR
173 receptor expressions in the female rat hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (
HPG
) axis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:350-359. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Suszka‐Świtek
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Itiana Castro Menezes
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Kinga Mordecka‐Chamera
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care First Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital Athens Greece
| | - John J. Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Medicine Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
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Heck AL, Crestani CC, Fernández-Guasti A, Larco DO, Mayerhofer A, Roselli CE. Neuropeptide and steroid hormone mediators of neuroendocrine regulation. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12599. [PMID: 29645316 PMCID: PMC6181757 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To maintain the health and well-being of all mammals, numerous aspects of physiology are controlled by neuroendocrine mechanisms. These mechanisms ultimately enable communication between neurones and glands throughout the body and are centrally mediated by neuropeptides and/or steroid hormones. A recent session at the International Workshop in Neuroendocrinology highlighted the essential roles of some of these neuropeptide and steroid hormone mediators in the neuroendocrine regulation of stress-, reproduction- and behaviour-related processes. Accordingly, the present review highlights topics presented in this session, including the role of the neuropeptides corticotrophin-releasing factor and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in stress and reproductive physiology, respectively. Additionally, it details an important role for gonadal sex steroids in the development of behavioural sex preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Heck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA 80523
| | - Carlos C. Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil 14800-903
| | | | | | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Planegg, Germany 82152
| | - Charles E. Roselli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA 97239-3098
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Govindaraj V, Shridharan RN, Rao AJ. Proteomic changes during adult stage in pre-optic, hypothalamus, hippocampus and pituitary regions of female rat brain following neonatal exposure to estradiol-17β. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 266:126-134. [PMID: 29777688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although neonatal exposure to estrogen or estrogenic compounds results in irreversible changes in the brain function and reproductive abnormalities during adulthood but the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. The present study has attempted to compare the protein profiles of sexually dimorphic brain regions of adult female rats which were exposed to estradiol- 17β during neonatal period. The total proteins extracted from pre-optic area (POA), hypothalamus, hippocampus and pituitary of control and neonatally E2 treated female rats was subjected to 2D-SDS-PAGE and differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI TOF/TOF-MS. Our results revealed that a total of 21 protein spots which were identified as differentially expressed in all the four regions analyzed; the differential expression was further validated by RT-PCR and western blotting. The differentially expressed proteins such as 14-3-3 zeta/delta (POA), LMNA (hippocampus), Axin2 (hypothalamus), Syntaxin-7 (hippocampus), prolactin and somatotropin (pituitary) which have very important functions in the process of neuronal differentiation, migration, axon outgrowth, formation of dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity and memory have not been previously reported in association with neonatal estrogen exposure. The affected brain functions are very important for the establishment of sex specific brain morphology and behavior. Our results suggest that the differentially expressed proteins may play an important role in irreversible changes in the brain function as well as reproductive abnormalities observed in the female rats during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Govindaraj
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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Herb Formula ZhenRongDan Balances Sex Hormones, Modulates Organ Atrophy, and Restores ER α and ER β Expressions in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5896398. [PMID: 30008786 PMCID: PMC6020479 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5896398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herb mixtures are widely used for treatment of the menopausal syndrome long before the hormonal therapy. However, there is insufficient data for herb remedies in treating menopausal syndromes. Here we aim to investigate the effect of ZhenRongDan (ZRD) in balancing female hormones, regulating expression of estrogen receptors (ERs), and preventing organ atrophy in menopausal rats. Rats that underwent bilateral ovariectomy were used in the experiments; the effects of ZRD on serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and estradiol (E2) levels were observed. Histology of vagina and ERs expression in vagina, uterus, and adrenal gland were also examined. ELISAs were used to analyze the changes of FSH, LH, PRL, and E2 in serum, and the morphological changes of the cervical epithelium cells were observed by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were applied to detect estrogen receptors subtypes alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) expression in vagina, uterus, and adrenal gland. We found that ZRD could significantly reduce the weight of the adrenal gland and increase the weight of the uterus. It could decrease the release of FSH and LH as well as increasing E2 and PRL levels. Furthermore, ZRD could improve the number of cervical vaginal epithelial cells and increase the thickness of the vaginal wall. And the altered expressions of ERα and ERβ are also restored by ZRD. ZRD could obviously relieve the endocrine disorders, modulate organ atrophy, and restore ERα and ERβ expression in the ovariectomized rat model.
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Capra E, Lazzari B, Frattini S, Chessa S, Coizet B, Talenti A, Castiglioni B, Marsan PA, Crepaldi P, Pagnacco G, Williams JL, Stella A. Distribution of ncRNAs expression across hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in Capra hircus. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:417. [PMID: 29848285 PMCID: PMC5977473 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis plays an essential role in the fine tuning of seasonal estrus in Capra hircus. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in sexual development and mammalian reproduction. In order to identify ncRNAs and to assess their expression patterns, along the HPG axis, we sequenced ncRNA libraries from hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of three goats. Results Among the medium length noncoding RNAs (mncRNAs) identified, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) were found to be more abundant in ovary and hypothalamus, respectively. The observed GC content was representative for different classes of ncRNAs, allowing the identification of a tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) subclass, which had a peak distribution around 32–38% GC content in the hypothalamus. Differences observed among organs confirmed the specificity of microRNA (miRNA) profiles for each organ system. Conclusions Data on ncRNAs in organs constituting the HPG axis will contribute to understanding their role in the physiological regulation of reproduction in goats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4767-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Capra
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy
| | - Barbara Lazzari
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy.,Parco Tecnologico Padano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Stefano Frattini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy
| | - Beatrice Coizet
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Talenti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pagnacco
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy.,Parco Tecnologico Padano, Lodi, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - John L Williams
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Alessandra Stella
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy. .,Parco Tecnologico Padano, Lodi, Italy.
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44
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Reproductive role of miRNA in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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45
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Sylvia KE, Lorenz TK, Heiman JR, Demas GE. Physiological predictors of leptin vary during menses and ovulation in healthy women. Reprod Biol 2018; 18:132-136. [PMID: 29454804 PMCID: PMC6310005 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although research has shown interactions between the reproductive system and energy homeostasis, it is not clear how environmental or behavioral factors may factor into these associations. Here we aimed to determine how changes in reproductive state (i.e., phase of the menstrual cycle) and other behavioral and physiological factors may influence leptin levels in healthy women, as well as how sexual activity may play a role in leptin modulation. We collected serum and saliva from 32 healthy women and measured leptin, estradiol, and progesterone. Participants also completed surveys of demographics, health and sexual behaviors, and physical activity. Leptin was predicted by meals per day and missed meals at both menses and ovulation. However, estradiol and physical activity were stronger predictors of leptin at menses, while sexual activity was a stronger predictor of leptin at ovulation. These findings suggest that predictors of serum leptin, and possibly energy storage and expenditure, vary across the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn E Sylvia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Tierney K Lorenz
- Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Kinsey Institute for Research on Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Julia R Heiman
- Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Kinsey Institute for Research on Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Gregory E Demas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Kinsey Institute for Research on Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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46
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Matías-García PR, Martinez-Hurtado JL, Beckley A, Schmidmayr M, Seifert-Klauss V. Hormonal Smartphone Diagnostics. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1735:505-515. [PMID: 29380341 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7614-0_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mobile point-of-care diagnostics are paramount for the provision of healthcare. Hormonal diagnostics are powerful tools to monitor timely changes in human physiology. Hormone concentrations in serum directly correlate with urine excretions with minor time delays. Therefore, rapid tests for hormones in urine have been widely used for decades as means of early diagnostics, particularly in lateral flow immunoassay formats. However, the challenge of reading and interpreting these binary tests remains. Here we present a method for utilizing mobile technologies to quantitatively read and interpret hormonal test strips. The method demonstrates the detection of a urinary by-product of progesterone, pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG), and its relation to ovulation and the fertility cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Matías-García
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - A Beckley
- MFB Fertility Inc., Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Schmidmayr
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - V Seifert-Klauss
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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47
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Assessment of ovarian function after chemotherapy in women with early and locally advanced breast cancer from Serbia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 297:495-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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48
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DiCarlo LM, Vied C, Nowakowski RS. The stability of the transcriptome during the estrous cycle in four regions of the mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3360-3387. [PMID: 28685836 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the transcriptome of the C57BL/6J mouse hypothalamus, hippocampus, neocortex, and cerebellum to determine estrous cycle-specific changes in these four brain regions. We found almost 16,000 genes are present in one or more of the brain areas but only 210 genes, ∼1.3%, are significantly changed as a result of the estrous cycle. The hippocampus has the largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (82), followed by the neocortex (76), hypothalamus (63), and cerebellum (26). Most of these DEGs (186/210) are differentially expressed in only one of the four brain regions. A key finding is the unique expression pattern of growth hormone (Gh) and prolactin (Prl). Gh and Prl are the only DEGs to be expressed during only one stage of the estrous cycle (metestrus). To gain insight into the function of the DEGs, we examined gene ontology and phenotype enrichment and found significant enrichment for genes associated with myelination, hormone stimulus, and abnormal hormone levels. Additionally, 61 of the 210 DEGs are known to change in response to estrogen in the brain. 50 of the 210 genes differentially expressed as a result of the estrous cycle are related to myelin and oligodendrocytes and 12 of the 63 DEGs in the hypothalamus are oligodendrocyte- and myelin-specific genes. This transcriptomic analysis reveals that gene expression in the female mouse brain is remarkably stable during the estrous cycle and demonstrates that the genes that do fluctuate are functionally related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M DiCarlo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Cynthia Vied
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida.,Translational Science Laboratory, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Richard S Nowakowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
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49
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Zhang H, Taya K, Nagaoka K, Yoshida M, Watanabe G. Neonatal exposure to 17α-ethynyl estradiol (EE) disrupts follicle development and reproductive hormone profiles in female rats. Toxicol Lett 2017; 276:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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50
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Abstract
The hypothalamus is most often associated with innate behaviors such as is hunger, thirst and sex. While the expression of these behaviors important for survival of the individual or the species is nested within the hypothalamus, the desire (i.e., motivation) for them is centered within the mesolimbic reward circuitry. In this review, we will use female sexual behavior as a model to examine the interaction of these circuits. We will examine the evidence for a hypothalamic circuit that regulates consummatory aspects of reproductive behavior, i.e., lordosis behavior, a measure of sexual receptivity that involves estradiol membrane-initiated signaling in the arcuate nucleus (ARH), activating β-endorphin projections to the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), which in turn modulate ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) activity-the common output from the hypothalamus. Estradiol modulates not only a series of neuropeptides, transmitters and receptors but induces dendritic spines that are for estrogenic induction of lordosis behavior. Simultaneously, in the nucleus accumbens of the mesolimbic system, the mating experience produces long term changes in dopamine signaling and structure. Sexual experience sensitizes the response of nucleus accumbens neurons to dopamine signaling through the induction of a long lasting early immediate gene. While estrogen alone increases spines in the ARH, sexual experience increases dendritic spine density in the nucleus accumbens. These two circuits appear to converge onto the medial preoptic area where there is a reciprocal influence of motivational circuits on consummatory behavior and vice versa. While it has not been formally demonstrated in the human, such circuitry is generally highly conserved and thus, understanding the anatomy, neurochemistry and physiology can provide useful insight into the motivation for sexual behavior and other innate behaviors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Micevych
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert L Meisel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, United States
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