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Stańczak NA, Grywalska E, Dudzińska E. The latest reports and treatment methods on polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Med 2024; 56:2357737. [PMID: 38965663 PMCID: PMC11229724 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2357737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an increasingly recognized endocrine disorder. The pathogenesis is not fully known. Polycystic ovary syndrome is still difficult to diagnose correctly, despite simple diagnostic criteria. The aim of the study is to review the current knowledge about PCOS and treatment options for patients with the disease. To explore this topic, publications were reviewed and conclusions drawn from them. The incidence of hyperandrogenism in a patient with PCOS may be as high as 60-80%. Increased androgen levels affect ovulation and menstruation, and also result in hirsutism and acne. Additionally, patients have problems with proper glucose tolerance (insulin resistance), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. PCOS results in various symptoms in patients. The latest treatment methods were analysed. A standard review of publications in the field of diagnosis and treatment of PCOS, IR and hyperandrogenism was used. Lifestyle, especially diet, deserves special attention due to its ease of use. Sleep quality, physical activity and stress reduction are also important. Diet should be the treatment of first choice. Only if dietary intervention does not bring results, the doctor considers pharmacotherapy. Recently, acupuncture and herbal medicine, vagus nerve stimulation have been used in the treatment of PCOS and regulation of hormone levels. Patients are given supplementation to improve the quality of functioning, but it must be remembered that inappropriate doses or too long use may result in a toxic effect opposite to the therapeutic one. Appropriate diet, physical activity - lifestyle changes are crucial in the treatment of PCOS. Supplementation and pharmaceuticals support treatment. It is mandatory to examine these environmental and lifestyle factors as they not only contribute to the occurrence of the disease but also influence its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Anna Stańczak
- Department of Dietary and Nutritional Education, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Dudzińska
- Department of Dietary and Nutritional Education, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Balali A, Sadeghi O, Anjom-Shoae J, Rouhani MH, Khorvash F, Askari G. The effect of selenium supplementation on oxidative stress, clinical symptoms and mental health status in patients with migraine: a study protocol for a double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Trials 2024; 25:209. [PMID: 38515207 PMCID: PMC10958929 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a number of recommended strategies, effective treatment of migraine remains elusive. Given the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of migraine, selenium, as an antioxidant nutrient, may have a beneficial effect on migraine outcomes. However, no study has explored the effects of selenium supplementation on migraine symptoms, oxidative stress biomarkers, and mental health. Therefore, this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial aims to examine the effects of selenium supplementation among migraine patients. METHODS Seventy-two migraine patients will receive either 200 µg/day selenium supplement (n = 36) or placebo (n = 36) for 12 weeks in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. The severity, frequency, and duration of headaches, mental health indices including depression, anxiety, and distress, and quality of life, as well as biomarkers of oxidative stress such as nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS), will be measured at the baseline and end of the study. The intention-to-treat (ITT) approach will be used to estimate missing values. One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) will be performed to detect the effect of selenium supplementation on outcome variables. DISCUSSION Oxidative stress is recognized as a key contributor to migraine pathogenesis. Selenium is an essential trace element with antioxidant properties, capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), holding promise to alleviate the oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Thus, selenium may beneficially affect clinical symptoms and oxidative stress as well as the quality of life in migraine patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( https://www.irct.ir/ ) on 27 May 2023 with the code number IRCT20121216011763N60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Balali
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Anjom-Shoae
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Neurology Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Sparic R, Andjic M, Vergara D, Morciano A, D'Oria O, Baldini GM, Malvasi A, Tinelli A. PCOS and vitamin D: a clinical appraisal. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:907-915. [PMID: 37747553 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-reproductive disease linked not just to infertility but also to serious comorbidities. There is a reported association between low vitamin D levels and multiple health conditions including PCOS. This narrative review aims to analyze the role of vitamin D in PCOS development, use of the vitamin D in the treatment of PCOS, and the molecular basis of these observations. METHODS A Medline and PubMed research was performed, during the years 1990-2023, using a combination of keywords on such topic. According to the author's evaluation and target, papers were identified and included for a narrative review. RESULTS There are associations between lower levels of vitamin D and PCOS, as well as with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hyperandrogenemia, metabolic and endocrine disorders as well as the onset of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory milieu, in PCOS women. CONCLUSION Vitamin D has a role in pathologic changes linked to PCOS. Molecular and clinical investigations which give new information about the role of vitamin D in the development of PCOS and related endocrine and metabolic disturbance are further needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Sparic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mladen Andjic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Strada Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Morciano
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pia Fondazione "Card. G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ottavia D'Oria
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Translational Medicine and Oncology, Rome, Italy
- Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Malvasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and CERICSAL, (CEntro di RIcerca Clinico SALentino), Veris delli Ponti Hospital, Via Giuseppina delli Ponti, 73020, Scorrano, Lecce, Italy.
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Amirkhizi F, Taghizadeh M, Khalese-Ranjbar B, Hamedi-Shahraki S, Asghari S. Association of Serum Selenium and Selenoprotein P with Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:947-954. [PMID: 37391553 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age which is characterized by various reproductive and metabolic disorders. Oxidative stress (OS) is now recognized to be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS which could be targeted in the management of PCOS-related complications. Selenium (Se), as an antioxidant trace element, has been shown to decrease in PCOS patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Se and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) levels with OS markers in women with PCOS. In this cross-sectional study, 125 females aged 18-45 years diagnosed with PCOS were included. Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle information of participants were obtained using the relevant questionnaires. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure biochemical parameters. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase activities as well as anthropometric measurements were assessed across tertiles of serum concentrations of Se and SELENOP. Higher serum levels of Se were associated with higher serum TAC levels (β=0.42, P<0.001) and erythrocytes GPx activity (β=0.28, P=0.002) as well as with lower serum TBARS levels (β= -0.26, P=0.003). Similarly, higher serum levels of SELENOP were associated with higher TAC (β=0.32, P<0.001) and erythrocyte GPx activity (β=0.30, P=0.001). SELENOP also showed an inverse association with serum levels of TBARS (β= -0.40, P<0.001). Nevertheless, erythrocytes SOD and CAT activities showed no significant relationships with serum Se and SELENOP concentrations (all P>0.05). The present study found that serum Se and SELENOP levels were inversely associated with TBARS levels and positively associated with TAC levels and erythrocytes GPx activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Amirkhizi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafshe Khalese-Ranjbar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Asghari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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He J, Deng R, Wei Y, Zhang S, Su M, Tang M, Wang J, Nong W, Lei X. Efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in improving endocrine, hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic statuses of PCOS: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Food Funct 2024; 15:1779-1802. [PMID: 38251706 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02824k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background and aim: A large number of recent studies have reported on the use of antioxidants in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects on PCOS. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the use of antioxidants in treating PCOS. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4. Stata17.0 software was used to conduct sensitivity analyses. Results: This meta-analysis included 49 articles and 62 studies. The sample comprised 1657 patients with PCOS from the antioxidant group and 1619 with PCOS from the placebo group. The meta-analysis revealed that the fasting blood glucose levels [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.39 to -0.22, P < 0.00001], the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (SMD: -0.68, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.50], P < 0.00001), and insulin levels (SMD: -0.68, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.58, P < 0.00001) were significantly lower in patients with PCOS taking antioxidants than those in the placebo group. Further, total cholesterol levels (SMD: -0.38, 95% CI: -0.56 to -0.20, P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (SMD: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.37 to -0.10, P = 0.0008), and very low-density lipoprotein levels (SMD: -0.53, 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.41, P < 0.00001) were lower in patients with PCOS taking antioxidant supplements compared with the placebo group. Total testosterone (TT) level (SMD: -0.78, 95% CI: -1.15 to -0.42, P < 0.0001), dehydroepiandrosterone level (SMD: -0.42, 95% CI: -0.58 to -0.25, P < 0.00001), and mean standard deviation modified Ferriman-Gallway (MF-G scores) (SMD: -0.63, 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.28, P = 0.0004) were lower in patients taking antioxidant supplements. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (SMD: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.34, P < 0.000001), body mass index [mean difference (MD): -0.27, 95% CI: -0.50 to -0.03, P = 0.03], weight (MD: -0.73, 95% CI: -1.35 to -0.11, P = 0.02), and diastolic blood pressure (MD: -3.78, 95% CI: -6.30 to -1.26, P = 0.003) were significantly lower. Moreover, the levels of sex hormone-binding protein (SMD: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07-0.38, P = 0.004), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.01-0.20, P = 0.03), total antioxidant capacity (SMD: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.31-0.87, P < 0.0001), and quantitative insulin sensitivity index (SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.01-0.02, P < 0.00001) were higher in patients with PCOS who took antioxidant supplements compared with the placebo group. Antioxidant supplements did not affect other analyzed parameters in these patients, including follicle-stimulating hormone, free androgen index, nitric oxide, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: Antioxidants are beneficial in treating PCOS. Our study might provide a new treatment strategy for patients with clinical PCOS. We hope that more high-quality studies evaluating the effects of antioxidants on patients with PCOS will be conducted in the future. Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023448088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui He
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533300, China.
| | - Renhe Deng
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533300, China.
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Mingxuan Su
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Masong Tang
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Jinyuan Wang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Weihua Nong
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533300, China.
| | - Xiaocan Lei
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533300, China.
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Grzeszczak K, Łanocha-Arendarczyk N, Malinowski W, Ziętek P, Kosik-Bogacka D. Oxidative Stress in Pregnancy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1768. [PMID: 38136639 PMCID: PMC10741771 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increased interest in the role of oxidative stress (OS) in pregnancy. Pregnancy inherently heightens susceptibility to OS, a condition fueled by a systemic inflammatory response that culminates in an elevated presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the circulatory system. The amplified OS in pregnancy can trigger a series of detrimental outcomes such as underdevelopment, abnormal placental function, and a host of pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia, embryonic resorption, recurrent pregnancy loss, fetal developmental anomalies, intrauterine growth restriction, and, in extreme instances, fetal death. The body's response to mitigate the uncontrolled increase in RNS/ROS levels requires trace elements that take part in non-enzymatic and enzymatic defense processes, namely, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se). Determination of ROS concentrations poses a challenge due to their short half-lives, prompting the use of marker proteins, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). These markers, indicative of oxidative stress intensity, can offer indirect assessments of pregnancy complications. Given the limitations of conducting experimental studies on pregnant women, animal models serve as valuable substitutes for in-depth research. This review of such models delves into the mechanism of OS in pregnancy and underscores the pivotal role of OS markers in their evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Grzeszczak
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (N.Ł.-A.)
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (N.Ł.-A.)
| | - Witold Malinowski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Masovian. Public University in Płock, Plac Dąbrowskiego 2, 09-402 Płock, Poland;
| | - Paweł Ziętek
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Orthopaedic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Skowrońska M, Pawłowski M, Milewski R. A Literature Review and a Proposed Classification of the Relationships between Ovulatory Infertility and Lifestyle Factors Based on the Three Groups of Ovulation Disorders Classified by WHO. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6275. [PMID: 37834919 PMCID: PMC10573907 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovulatory infertility is a serious clinical problem whose direct causes are still largely unknown. In addition to pathologies that make it impossible for a couple to establish a pregnancy, there are a number of other factors that have a bearing on fertility, including lifestyle factors, and particularly diet. Although numerous studies have been performed linking such factors to ovulatory infertility, most of them lack the necessary clinical significance, instead focusing on observational data and suggesting or establishing associative relationships. This article consists of a literature review focusing on connections between lifestyle factors such as diet, physical exercise, oxidative stress, sleep, and supplementation, and ovulatory infertility. Special emphasis was given to issues such as obesity and insulin resistance and their mutual relationship with other factors linked to ovulatory infertility. In addition, based on the conclusions of the literature review, the authors have proposed a classification of relationships between ovulation disorders and lifestyle factors in ovulatory infertility within the framework of the WHO classification of ovulation disorders. Furthermore, areas that merit further research have been indicated as well as those that do not. WHO Group II disorders gained prominence in the results of the study as the number of links with lifestyle factors and ovulatory infertility found in the course of the review greatly exceeded those for Groups I and III. The data presented in the article show that the issues of proper diet and physical exercise are those that could benefit from robust clinical studies focused specifically on ovulation infertility, while studies concerning the relationship between oxidative stress, sleep, and supplementation and ovulatory infertility do not seem to be promising directions as far as clinical significance is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Pawłowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Robert Milewski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
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Zeber-Lubecka N, Ciebiera M, Hennig EE. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Oxidative Stress-From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14126. [PMID: 37762427 PMCID: PMC10531631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a condition that occurs as a result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to detoxify and neutralize them. It can play a role in a variety of reproductive system conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, preeclampsia, and infertility. In this review, we briefly discuss the links between oxidative stress and PCOS. Mitochondrial mutations may lead to impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and an increased production of ROS. These functional consequences may contribute to the metabolic and hormonal dysregulation observed in PCOS. Studies have shown that OS negatively affects ovarian follicles and disrupts normal follicular development and maturation. Excessive ROS may damage oocytes and granulosa cells within the follicles, impairing their quality and compromising fertility. Impaired OXPHOS and mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to insulin resistance (IR) by disrupting insulin signaling pathways and impairing glucose metabolism. Due to dysfunctional OXPHOS, reduced ATP production, may hinder insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, leading to IR. Hyperandrogenism promotes inflammation and IR, both of which can increase the production of ROS and lead to OS. A detrimental feedback loop ensues as IR escalates, causing elevated insulin levels that exacerbate OS. Exploring the relations between OS and PCOS is crucial to fully understand the role of OS in the pathophysiology of PCOS and to develop effective treatment strategies to improve the quality of life of women affected by this condition. The role of antioxidants as potential therapies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- Warsaw Institute of Women’s Health, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa E. Hennig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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Han Y, Cao Q, Qiao X, Huang W. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on hormones and menstrual cycle regularization in polycystic ovary syndrome women: A systemic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:2232-2244. [PMID: 37364886 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disease among women of childbearing age. Women with PCOS frequently experience reproductive complications, which are closely associated with the concentration of vitamin D. This systemic review and meta-analysis were conducted to elucidate the possible effect of vitamin D supplementation in PCOS women on hormones, including Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the ratio of LH and FSH (LH/FSH), and the menstrual cycle regularization. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for the relevant articles published up to January 2022. The pooled estimates were calculated using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS Twelve studies involving 849 PCOS patients were included. Our study indicated that vitamin D supplementation could reduce serum LH (standard mean difference [SMD]: -0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.54, -0.28; p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis identified that the supplementation of vitamin D ≤4000 IU/day (SMD: -0.69; 95% CI: -1.15, -0.23; p < 0.01), treatment time ≤8 weeks (SMD: -0.61; 95% CI: -0.95, -0.26; p < 0.01), and vitamin D co-supplementation (SMD: -0.37; 95% CI: -0.65, -0.10; p < 0.01) were related to reduce serum LH level. In addition, vitamin D supplementation improved the regularity of menstrual cycle significantly (risk ratio [RR]: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.54; p < 0.01). In stratified analysis, the significant effects only existed in dosage of vitamin D >4000 IU (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.57; p < 0.01), treatment time >8 weeks (RR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.87; p = 0.02) and vitamin D co-supplementation (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.35; p = 0.02). However, vitamin D might have no effects on serum FSH (SMD: -0.05; 95% CI: -0.42, 0.32; p = 0.79) and LH/FSH (SMD: -0.24; 95% CI: -0.55, 0.08; p = 0.14) in PCOS patients. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from the existing randomized controlled trials indicated that vitamin D supplementation might improve the LH level and the menstrual cycle regularization but did not have any effect on FSH and LH/FSH levels in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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10
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Navarro Ledesma S, Hamed-Hamed D, González-Muñoz A, Pruimboom L. Effectiveness of Treatments That Alter Metabolomics in Cancer Patients-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4297. [PMID: 37686573 PMCID: PMC10486463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, with the most frequent being breast cancer in women, prostate cancer in men and colon cancer in both sexes. The use of metabolomics to find new biomarkers can provide knowledge about possible interventions based on the presence of oncometabolites in different cancer types. OBJECTIVES The primary purpose of this review is to analyze the characteristic metabolome of three of the most frequent cancer types. We further want to identify the existence and success rate of metabolomics-based intervention in patients suffering from those cancer types. Our conclusions are based on the analysis of the methodological quality of the studies. METHODS We searched for studies that investigated the metabolomic characteristics in patients suffering from breast cancer, prostate cancer or colon cancer in clinical trials. The data were analyzed, as well as the effects of specific interventions based on identified metabolomics and one or more oncometabolites. The used databases were PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, EBSCO and Cochrane Library. Only nine studies met the selection criteria. Study bias was analyzed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. This systematic review protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023401474). RESULTS Only nine studies about clinical trials were included in this review and show a moderate quality of evidence. Metabolomics-based interventions related with disease outcome were conflictive with no or small changes in the metabolic characteristics of the different cancer types. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review shows some interesting results related with metabolomics-based interventions and their effects on changes in certain cancer oncometabolites. The small number of studies we identified which fulfilled our inclusion criteria in this systematic review does not allow us to draw definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, some results can be considered as promising although further research is needed. That research must focus not only on the presence of possible oncometabolites but also on possible metabolomics-based interventions and their influence on the outcome in patients suffering from breast cancer, prostate cancer or colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Navarro Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (D.H.-H.); (A.G.-M.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, University Chair in Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, 52004 Melilla, Spain;
| | - Dina Hamed-Hamed
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (D.H.-H.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Ana González-Muñoz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (D.H.-H.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Leo Pruimboom
- Department of Physiotherapy, University Chair in Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, 52004 Melilla, Spain;
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11
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Srnovršnik T, Virant-Klun I, Pinter B. Heavy Metals and Essential Elements in Association with Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1398. [PMID: 37507937 PMCID: PMC10376316 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered levels of heavy metals and essential elements have been associated with oxidative stress (OS) and metabolic and hormonal changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to summarize the knowledge on the association of heavy metals and essential elements with OS in PCOS. An electronic literature search using PubMed for studies published between January 2008 and April 2023 was conducted. We evaluated heavy metals and essential elements in relation to OS in PCOS in 15 articles. PCOS women had increased antimonium (Sb), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl) and osmium (Os) blood levels and decreased zinc (Zn) blood levels; the results of copper (Cu) blood levels were conflicting. Some studies showed a significant correlation between heavy metals (Sb, Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Te and Tl) and essential elements (Se, Zn, Cr, Ca, Mg and Cu) and markers of OS and chronic inflammation. Heavy metals (Sb, Cd, Pb and Hg) and essential elements (Zn, Cr, Se, Ca, Mg and Cu) were associated with metabolic and hormonal characteristics in PCOS. There might be a possible benefit from supplementation therapy in reducing OS and endocrinological problems related to PCOS. Our review confirmed an association between heavy metals and essential elements with OS in PCOS women. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42023418453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinkara Srnovršnik
- Division for Women's Healthcare-Šiška Unit, Community Health Centre Ljubljana, Metelkova Ulica 9, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irma Virant-Klun
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Pinter
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Therapeutic effects of melatonin on endometriosis, targeting molecular pathways: Current knowledge and future perspective. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154368. [PMID: 36774757 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis, the very serious disease in women creates a huge financial burden worldwide, which is comparable to diabetes mellitus. In addition to the typical pelvic pain, endometriosis is related to low life quality and decreased work efficiency; clinical consequences include mood complaints, metabolic impairments, inflammation, immunologic problems, and elevated malignancy risks. Several risk factors are correlated with endometriosis including elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress, long-lasting inflammation, raised immune tolerance, as well as autoimmunity. Melatonin is a natural molecule present throughout both the plant and animal kingdoms. It has numerous functions as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Due to the anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-invasive features of melatonin, it performances as a beneficial agent to limit endometriosis; this involves several pathways including antiestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects, as well as reducing the growth of E2-induced endometriotic tissue. Moreover, melatonin can favor sleep quality and decrease the unwanted signs in the patients. However, most of the data on melatonin accured from experimental works and additional clinical trials are needed. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the influence of melatonin on endometriosis. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: Not applicable.
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Zhang B, Yao X, Zhong X, Hu Y, Xu J. Vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14291. [PMID: 36942243 PMCID: PMC10023924 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D level is closely associated with the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on patients with PCOS, to provide reliable evidence to the clinical treatment of PCOS. Methods We searched PubMed, Medline, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang, China national knowledge infrastructure(CNKI) and Weipu databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of PCOS. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of included RCTs. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results 13 RCTs with 840 PCOS patients were included finally. Meta-analyses indicated that vitamin D supplementation increase the serum vitamin D level[mean difference(MD) = 17.81, 95% confidence interval(CI) (10.65, 24.97)] and endometrial thickness [MD = 1.78, 95%CI (0.49, 3.06), P = 0.007], reduce the serum hs-CRP [MD = -0.54, 95%CI (-1.00, -0.08)], parathyroid hormone[MD = -14.76, 95%CI (-28.32, -1.19)], total cholesterol[MD = -12.00, 95%CI (-18.36, -5.56)] and total testosterone level [MD = -0.17, 95%CI (-0.29, -0.05)] (all p < 0.05). No significant differences in the SHBG level [MD = 1.33, 95%CI (-2.70, 5.36)] and mF-G score [MD = 0.04, 95%CI (-0.79, 0.86)] between vitamin D and control group were found (all p > 0.05). Egger's tests showed that there were no publication biases in every synthesized result (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D may be helpful to improve the endocrine and metabolism-related indexes in patients with PCOS. More high-quality studies with larger sample size are warranted to further evaluate the role of vitamin D supplementation in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Zhang
- Reproductive Immunization Center,Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute(Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510660, China
| | - Xiuhua Yao
- Gynecology Department, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xingming Zhong
- Reproductive Immunization Center, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute(Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510660, China
| | - Yang Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute, Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510660, China
| | - Jianying Xu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
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Amirkhizi F, Khalese-Ranjbar B, Mansouri E, Hamedi-Shahraki S, Asghari S. Correlations of selenium and selenoprotein P with asymmetric dimethylarginine and lipid profile in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127101. [PMID: 36395675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Accumulating evidence has suggested that selenium (Se) is of importance for optimal function of the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate the associations of selenium and selenoprotein P (SePP) with asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and lipid profile in women with PCOS. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 125 females aged 18-45 years diagnosed with PCOS were recruited. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to gather the relevant demographic characteristics, detailed clinical information, and lifestyle habits of participants. Fasting blood samples were obtained to measure biochemical parameters. Serum concentrations of total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), ADMA, and lipid profiles as well as anthropometric measurements were assessed across tertiles of serum Se and SePP concentrations. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between serum Se and SePP concentrations (r = 0.434, p < 0.001). Serum Se level was inversely correlated with ADMA (r = -0.21, p = 0.025) and TG (r = -0.17, p = 0.041) concentrations. There were also inverse correlations between SePP and ADMA (r = -0.34, p < 0.001), TG (r = -0.21, p = 0.019), and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (r = -0.25, p = 0.007) levels. No significant relationship was found between serum Se and SePP concentrations with total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1), apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B100), total testosterone, SHBG, and free androgen index as well as anthropometric parameters (All p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study found that Se and SePP levels were inversely correlated with ADMA and TG concentrations as well as ox-LDL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Amirkhizi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Banafshe Khalese-Ranjbar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Mansouri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Asghari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Kemp JA, Alvarenga L, Cardozo LFMF, Dai L, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG, Hackeng TM, Schurgers LJ, Mafra D. Dysbiosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Let Us Talk About Vitamin K. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:765-779. [PMID: 36138326 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review aimed to summarize the current evidence on the connection between dysbiosis and vitamin K deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The presence of dysbiosis (perturbations in the composition of the microbiota) has been described in several non-communicable diseases, including chronic kidney disease, and it has been hypothesized that dysbiosis may cause vitamin K deficiency. Patients with CKD present both vitamin K deficiency and gut dysbiosis; however, the relationship between gut dysbiosis and vitamin K deficiency remains to be addressed. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, few studies in animals have demonstrated that a dysbiotic environment is associated with low production of vitamin K by the gut microbiota. Vitamin K plays a vital role in blood coagulation as well as in the cardiovascular and bone systems. It serves as a cofactor for γ-glutamyl carboxylases and thus is essential for the post-translational modification and activation of vitamin K-dependent calcification regulators, such as osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein, Gla-rich protein, and proteins C and S. Additionally, vitamin K executes essential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. Dietary intake is the main source of vitamin K; however, it also can be produced by gut microbiota. This review discusses the effects of uremia on the imbalance in gut microbiota, vitamin K-producing bacteria, and vitamin K deficiency in CKD patients, leading to a better understanding and raising hypothesis for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ann Kemp
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Lu Dai
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Rua Marquês Do Paraná, Niterói, RJ, 30324033-900, Brazil.
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16
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Zhao J, Sui X, Shi Q, Su D, Lin Z. Effects of antioxidant intervention in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30006. [PMID: 35960093 PMCID: PMC9371494 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of antioxidant intervention in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients has been increasingly investigated in recent years. In order to further clarify whether antioxidant therapy is beneficial for PCOS patients and the emphasis of its effects, this study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the effect of antioxidant intervention on PCOS. METHODS Enrolled study designs related to antioxidant interventions and PCOS, published from 1999 to 2020, were searched from EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to sort out proven studies on antioxidant interventions and PCOS. Data were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) or standard mean difference with associated confidence intervals of 95%. The analysis was conducted using Stata version 16.0. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included in total. Antioxidant intervention had a positive impact on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (WMD = -0.37, P = .011) and Triglycerides (WMD = -25.51, P < .001). And antioxidant intervention did not improve testosterone levels significantly (WMD = -0.20, P = .2611). Subgroup analysis showed that except for the D-chiro-inosito subgroup, no difference in body mass index was observed between the intervention group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates the efficacy of antioxidant intervention in patients with PCOS, demonstrating that antioxidant intervention has a significant effect on insulin resistance and lipid metabolism improvement. However, antioxidant intervention therapy has no discernible impact on testosterone levels or body mass index. Omega-3 may be a more effective antioxidant intervention for PCOS. In addition, this meta-analysis provides important reference opinions and treatment recommendations for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junde Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, JinanShandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Sui
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, JinanShandong, China
| | - Qingyu Shi
- Shandong University of Finance and Economics, JinanShandong, China
| | - Dan Su
- People’s Hospital of Lixia District of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiheng Lin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, JinanShandong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiheng Lin, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, China (e-mail: )
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Zadeh Modarres S, Asemi Z, Heidar Z. The effects of selenium supplementation on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins and biomarkers of oxidative stress in infertile women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:92-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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18
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The influence of the dietary exposome on oxidative stress in pregnancy complications. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 87:101098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Alesi S, Ee C, Moran LJ, Rao V, Mousa A. Nutritional Supplements and Complementary Therapies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1243-1266. [PMID: 34970669 PMCID: PMC9340985 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 1 in 5 women of reproductive age, and is characterized by menstrual irregularities, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and the presence of polycystic ovary morphology. One of the recommended treatment strategies in the international evidence-based guidelines is lifestyle modification, which includes diet and exercise, with the aim of improving a range of health outcomes. The incurable nature of PCOS reinforces the importance of developing novel and innovative symptomatic relief strategies, which are currently the only available approaches for improving quality of life for these women. Women with PCOS tend to be nutrient deficient in many common vitamins and minerals, thought to be associated with the psychological (depression, anxiety, etc.) and physiological (insulin resistance, diabetes, infertility, etc.) sequelae of the condition. Nutrient supplementation and the integration of complementary medicine as adjuncts to traditional lifestyle-based therapies in PCOS could therefore provide additional benefits to these women. In this review, we synthesize the evidence regarding nutrient supplementation and complementary therapies in PCOS, predominantly from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, to provide an overview of the state of knowledge in this field. The evidence to date suggests that specific vitamins (B-12, inositols, folate, vitamins D, E, and K), vitamin-like nutrients (bioflavonoids and α-lipoic acid), minerals (calcium, zinc, selenium, and chromium picolinate), and other formulations (melatonin, ω-3 fatty acids, probiotics, and cinnamon), as well as some complementary approaches such as acupuncture and yoga may be beneficial in PCOS. However, there remain areas of uncertainty and key limitations in the literature that must be overcome before these therapies can be integrated into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Alesi
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolyn Ee
- The National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vibhuti Rao
- The National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Address correspondence to AM (e-mail: )
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Dubey P, Reddy S, Boyd S, Bracamontes C, Sanchez S, Chattopadhyay M, Dwivedi A. Effect of Nutritional Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Hormonal and Lipid Profiles in PCOS-Affected Females. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092938. [PMID: 34578816 PMCID: PMC8467908 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects several reproductive and endocrine features in females and has a poorly understood etiology. Treatment strategies for PCOS are limited and are based primarily on diet and nutrient supplementation. Recent studies have recommended some nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and vitamin-like nutrients for the therapy for PCOS. Therefore, it is claimed that the cause of PCOS could be vitamin or mineral deficiency. This review provides a narrative on the effect of nutritional supplementation on oxidative stress induced in PCOS. Oxidative stress plays a formative role in PCOS pathophysiology. This article reviews oxidative stress, its markers, nutritional supplementation and clinical studies. We also aim to show the effect of nutritional supplementation on genes affecting hormonal and glucose-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Dubey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sireesha Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sarah Boyd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Christina Bracamontes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sheralyn Sanchez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Munmun Chattopadhyay
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (M.C.); (A.D.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Alok Dwivedi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (M.C.); (A.D.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Di Bari F, Catalano A, Bellone F, Martino G, Benvenga S. Vitamin D, Bone Metabolism, and Fracture Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020116. [PMID: 33670644 PMCID: PMC7922814 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among premenopausal women. PCOS may have reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological implications. Vitamin D deficit is often encountered in PCOS women and may contribute to the pathophysiology of this disorder. As of the key role of vitamin D in bone and mineral metabolism, and because the vitamin D status appears to be closely linked with the PCOS manifestations including insulin resistance, obesity, ovulatory and menstrual irregularities, oxidative stress and PTH elevation, hypovitaminosis D may directly and indirectly via the different facets of PCOS impair bone health in these women. Although limited data are available on life-long fracture risk in women with PCOS, the importance of preserving bone health in youth and adults to prevent osteoporosis and related fractures is also recognized in PCOS women. Evidence of the association between vitamin D and the clinical hallmarks of PCOS are summarized and discussed. Vitamin D arises as a cornerstone in women with PCOS and contributes to the pathophysiological link between PCOS and bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Di Bari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.D.B.); (F.B.); (G.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Antonino Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.D.B.); (F.B.); (G.M.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-2213987
| | - Federica Bellone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.D.B.); (F.B.); (G.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Gabriella Martino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.D.B.); (F.B.); (G.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.D.B.); (F.B.); (G.M.); (S.B.)
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital, A.O.U. Policlinico G. Martino, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Oxidative Stress and Low-Grade Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Controversies and New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041667. [PMID: 33562271 PMCID: PMC7915804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is quite complex and different mechanisms could contribute to hyperandrogenism and anovulation, which are the main features of the syndrome. Obesity and insulin-resistance are claimed as the principal factors contributing to the clinical presentation; in normal weight PCOS either, increased visceral adipose tissue has been described. However, their role is still debated, as debated are the biochemical markers linked to obesity per se. Oxidative stress (OS) and low-grade inflammation (LGI) have recently been a matter of researcher attention; they can influence each other in a reciprocal vicious cycle. In this review, we summarize the main mechanism of radical generation and the link with LGI. Furthermore, we discuss papers in favor or against the role of obesity as the first pathogenetic factor, and show how OS itself, on the contrary, can induce obesity and insulin resistance; in particular, the role of GH-IGF-1 axis is highlighted. Finally, the possible consequences on vitamin D synthesis and activation on the immune system are briefly discussed. This review intends to underline the key role of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in the physiopathology of PCOS, they can cause or worsen obesity, insulin-resistance, vitamin D deficiency, and immune dyscrasia, suggesting an inverse interaction to what is usually considered.
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Hu W, Wang Y, Wang T, Ji Q, Jia Q, Meng T, Ma S, Zhang Z, Li Y, Chen R, Dai Y, Luan Y, Sun Z, Leng S, Duan H, Zheng Y. Ambient particulate matter compositions and increased oxidative stress: Exposure-response analysis among high-level exposed population. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106341. [PMID: 33383389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been suggested to be one of the key drivers of health impact of particulate matter (PM). More studies on the oxidative potential of PM alone, but fewer studies have comprehensively evaluated the effects of external and internal exposure to PM compositions on oxidative stress in population. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively investigate the exposure-response relationship between PM and its main compositions with oxidative stress indicators. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including 768 participants exposed to particulates. Environmental levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals in PM were measured, and urinary levels of PAHs metabolites and metals were measured as internal dose, respectively. Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze the correlations of PM exposure and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2́'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS The concentration of both PM2.5 and total PAHs was significantly correlated with increased urinary 8-OHdG, 8-iso-PGF2α and MDA levels (all p < 0.05). The levels of 4 essential metals all showed significant exposure-response increase in urinary 8-OHdG in both current and non-current smokers (all p < 0.05); ambient selenium, cobalt and zinc were found to be significantly correlated with urinary 8-iso-PGF2α (p = 0.002, 0.003, 0.01, respectively); only selenium and cobalt were significantly correlated with urinary MDA (p < 0.001, 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, we found each one-unit increase in urinary total OH-PAHs generated a 0.32 increase in urinary 8-OHdG, a 0.22 increase in urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and a 0.19 increase in urinary MDA (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, it was found that the level of 12 urinary metals all showed significant and positive correlations with three oxidative stress biomarkers in all subjects (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our systematic molecular epidemiological study showed that particulate matter components could induce increased oxidative stress on DNA and lipid. It may be more important to monitor and control the harmful compositions in PM rather than overall particulate mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qianpeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Tao Meng
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Sai Ma
- International Travel health Care Center, Qingdao Customs, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihu Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Luan
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Tarkesh F, Namavar Jahromi B, Hejazi N, Tabatabaee H. Beneficial health effects of Menaquinone-7 on body composition, glycemic indices, lipid profile, and endocrine markers in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5612-5621. [PMID: 33133563 PMCID: PMC7590292 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7 [MK-7]) on clinical and biochemical parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 84 PCOS patients were randomly assigned into the treatment (90 µg Menaquinone-7 daily for 8 weeks) and placebo groups. Insulin resistance, lipid profile, endocrine biomarkers, and body composition of the participants were measured before and after the intervention. This study was performed in Ghadir Mother & Child Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. RESULTS Menaquinone-7 supplementation, when compared to placebo, significantly decreased serum fasting insulin (p = .002), homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (p = .002), and homeostasis model of assessment β-cell function (p = .02) in addition to a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (p = .001). Also, MK-7 administration led to significant declines in serum triglyceride (p = .003) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT; p = .03) levels, free androgen index (p < .001), waist circumference (p = .03), and body fat mass (p < .001) as well as significant increases in skeletal muscle (p < .001) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the beneficial effects of MK-7 on insulin resistance, fat mass, skeletal muscle, and serum levels of triglyceride, DHT, and SHBG in PCOS patients. Therefore, it seems that MK-7 supplementation might be an appropriate additive treatment for PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Tarkesh
- Clinical Nutrition DepartmentSchool of Nutrition and Food SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Bahia Namavar Jahromi
- Infertility Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Department of OB‐GYNSchool of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Najmeh Hejazi
- Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Hamidreza Tabatabaee
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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The Relationship between Vitamin D Metabolites and Androgens in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051219. [PMID: 32357490 PMCID: PMC7282251 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, with hyperandrogenism present in up to 90% of affected women. Some evidence suggests a link between vitamin D deficiency and PCOS features via insulin resistance and inflammation. Our aim was to explore the relationship between biochemical markers of vitamin D status and androgens in women with PCOS. This cross-sectional study used bio-banked samples from 46 pre-menopausal women with PCOS (mean ± SD: age 30 ± 6 years; BMI 29 ± 6 kg/m2). We measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and calculated the free androgen index (FAI) and bioavailable and free 25(OH)D. Fasting glucose and insulin were used to calculate the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and body fat percentage was determined via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured as a marker of inflammation. DBP was positively associated with total 25(OH)D and expectedly, negatively associated with free 25(OH)D. There were no associations between vitamin D metabolites and total testosterone, SHBG or FAI, even after adjusting for age, body fat percentage, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP. We found no associations between vitamin D metabolites and androgens in women with PCOS. Studies that have identified a vitamin D-androgen link have largely relied on methodology with numerous pitfalls; future studies should exclusively use gold-standard measures to confirm these findings in this population.
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26
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Immunophenotypic Profiles in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:5894768. [PMID: 32256193 PMCID: PMC7106920 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5894768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) a long-known endocrinopathy and one of the most common endocrine-reproductive-metabolic disorders in women, which can lead to infertility. Although the precise etiology remains unclear, PCOS is considered as a complex genetic trait, with a high degree of heterogeneity. Besides, hormones and immune cells, including both innate and adaptive immune cells, are reportedly a cross talk in PCOS. Chronic low-grade inflammation increases autoimmune disease risk. This proinflammatory condition may, in turn, affect vital physiological processes that ultimately cause infertility, such as ovulation failure and embryo implantation. Here, we review the accumulating evidence linking PCOS with inflammatory status providing an overview of the underlying hormone-mediated dysregulation of immune cells. We mainly focus on the correlational evidence of associations between immune status in women and the increased prevalence of PCOS, along with the specific changes in immune responses. Further recognition and exploration of these interactions may help elucidate PCOS pathophysiology and highlight targets for its treatment and prevention.
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Heidar Z, Hamzepour N, Zadeh Modarres S, Mirzamoradi M, Aghadavod E, Pourhanifeh MH, Asemi Z. The Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Clinical Symptoms and Gene Expression Related to Inflammation and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Infertile Women Candidate for In Vitro Fertilization. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:319-325. [PMID: 30963410 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effects of selenium supplementation on clinical symptoms and gene expression related to inflammatory markers in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were candidate for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Thirty-six women candidate for IVF were recruited in this randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. They (n = 18/group) were randomly assigned into intervention groups to take either 200 μg/day of selenium or placebo for 8 weeks. RT-PCR findings indicated that selenium supplementation downregulated gene expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P < 0.004) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P = 0.02) in lymphocytes of patients with PCOS compared with the placebo. In addition, selenium supplementation upregulated gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P = 0.001) in lymphocytes of patients with PCOS compared with the placebo. Selenium supplementation had no significant effect on clinical symptoms and gene expression of IL-8 (P = 0.10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (P = 0.63). Overall, our findings documented that selenium supplementation for 8 weeks to infertile women candidate for IVF improved IL-1, TNF-α, and VEGF gene expression, though selenium had no effect on clinical symptoms and, IL-8 and TGF-β gene expression. Clinical trial registration number: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidar
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Hamzepour
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Zadeh Modarres
- Laser Application in Medical Science Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Mirzamoradi
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
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Kim SS, Meeker JD, Keil AP, Aung MT, Bommarito PA, Cantonwine DE, McElrath TF, Ferguson KK. Exposure to 17 trace metals in pregnancy and associations with urinary oxidative stress biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108854. [PMID: 31678726 PMCID: PMC6907890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to some toxic metals, such as lead and cadmium, has been associated with increased oxidative stress. However less is known about other metals and metal mixtures, especially in pregnant women who are a vulnerable population. METHODS To study the relationship between exposure to trace metals and oxidative stress, we analyzed a panel of 17 metals and two oxidative stress biomarkers (8-isoprostane and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) in urine samples collected at ~26 weeks gestation from pregnant women in Boston (n = 380). We used linear regression models to calculate percent differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in oxidative stress markers for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in each urinary metal with adjustment for other metals. In addition, we applied principal components analysis (PCA) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), to examine cumulative effects (within correlated groups of exposures as well as overall) and interactions. RESULTS We estimated 109% (95% CI: 47, 198) higher 8-isoprostane and 71% (95% CI: 45, 102) higher 8-OHdG with an IQR increase in urinary selenium (Se). We also estimated higher 8-isoprostane (47%, 95% CI: 20.5, 79.4) and 8-OHdG (15.3%, 95% CI: 5.09, 26.5) in association with urinary copper (Cu). In our PCA, we observed higher 8-isoprostane levels in association with the "essential" PC (highly loaded by Cu, Se, and Zinc). In BKMR analyses, we also estimated higher levels of both oxidative stress biomarkers with increasing Se and Cu as well as increasing levels of both oxidative stress biomarkers in association with cumulative concentrations of urinary trace metals. CONCLUSION We observed higher 8-isoprostane and 8-OHdG levels in association with urinary trace metals and elements, particularly Se and Cu, in linear models and using mixtures approaches. Additionally, increasing cumulative exposure to urinary trace metals was associated with higher levels of both oxidative stress biomarkers. The beneficial effects of these compounds should be carefully questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephani S Kim
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Max T Aung
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paige A Bommarito
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Hasani M, Djalalinia S, Khazdooz M, Asayesh H, Zarei M, Gorabi AM, Ansari H, Qorbani M, Heshmat R. Effect of selenium supplementation on antioxidant markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:451-462. [PMID: 31820398 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is the systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trial studies to assess the antioxidant effects of selenium (Se) supplementation. METHODS The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the previously published protocol. The PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases were meticulously searched for relevant data, without time or language restriction, up to June 1, 2017. All clinical trials which assessed the effect of Se supplementation on antioxidant markers, including oxidative stress index (OSI), antioxidant potency composite (APC) index, plasma malonaldehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT)), and total antioxidant plasma (TAP), were included. The effect of Se supplementation on antioxidant markers was assessed using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The random-effect meta-analysis method was used to estimate the pooled SMD. RESULTS In total, 13 studies which assessed the effect of Se supplementation on antioxidant markers were included. The random-effect meta-analysis method showed that Se supplementation significantly increased GPX (SMD = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.21-0.87) and TAC (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.66) levels and decreased MDA levels (SMD = - 0.54, 95% CI = - 0.78, - 0.30). The effect of Se supplementation on other antioxidant markers was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings showed that Se supplementation might reduce oxidative stress by increasing TAC and GPX levels and decreasing serum MDA, both of which are crucial factors for reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Hasani
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khazdooz
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ansari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis and oxidant status in patients with hypoparathyroidism. J Med Biochem 2019; 39:231-239. [PMID: 33033457 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2019-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed at determining the dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis and oxidant balance, and investigating the relation of these parameters to the severity of the disease and the serum calcium levels. Methods 55 patients with iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism follow-ups and 40 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The blood dynamic thiol/sulfide balance, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Paraoxonase Enzyme Activity (PON) levels were measured in serum samples. Results In our study, it was found that the disulfide, disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol levels were higher in the hypoparathyroidism group. A negative correlation was found between 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) and disulfide, disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol, and a positive correlation was found between native thiol and total thiol ratio; and the corrected calcium levels and PON levels were negatively correlated. Conclusions Consequently, a change in favour of disulfide was found in the dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis in the hypoparathyroidism group in our study.
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Arikan TA, Kelles M. Plasma Selenium and Cadmium Levels in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media in a Turkish Population and Their Relation to Inflammation Markers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:55-63. [PMID: 30259264 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic otitis media (COM) is a multifactorial process, for which a clear etiology has not yet been established. The aims of the present study were to evaluate selenium (Se) and cadmium (Cd) levels in patients with COM and to analyze the correlation between Se and Cd with inflammation markers. The study population consisted of 88 participants: 45 healthy controls (group 1) and 43 patients with COM (group 2). Demographic data, Se, Cd, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell count (WBC) levels were all recorded. Se and Cd measurements were performed in a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Analyst 800) using Zeeman background correction. The Se and Cd levels were compared between the groups and the correlation between Se and Cd with inflammation markers was analyzed. No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of demographic data (p > 0.05). CRP and WBC levels were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (p < 0.05). Se levels were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1, at 23.40 ± 12.08 μg/L vs. 37.31 ± 22.44 μg/L (p < 0.05). Cd levels were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1, at 1.79 ± 1.63 μg/L vs. 0.68 ± 0.45 μg/L (p < 0.05). When all the cases were evaluated together, a statistically significant negative correlation was determined between Se and CRP (r = - 0.239, p = 0.013) and a positive correlation between Cd and CRP (r = 0.266, p = 0.006), WBC (r = 0.258, p = 0.008). Our results could propose that Se deficiency and Cd excess could play a crucial and additive role in the etiopathogenesis of COM. However, further investigations with larger numbers of patients are warranted to determine the exact role of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Atilan Arikan
- Education Faculty, Department of Elementary Science Teaching, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Kelles
- Department of Otolaryngeology, Malatya Education and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
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Izadi A, Shirazi S, Taghizadeh S, Gargari BP. Independent and Additive Effects of Coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin E on Cardiometabolic Outcomes and Visceral Adiposity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Maeda E, Murata K, Kumazawa Y, Sato W, Shirasawa H, Iwasawa T, Izumo K, Tatsuta N, Sakamoto M, Terada Y. Associations of environmental exposures to methylmercury and selenium with female infertility: A case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:357-363. [PMID: 30384229 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmercury exposure is a common health risk resulting from daily fish intake. However, studies addressing the link between methylmercury and infertility are limited and also inconsistent. In addition, no previous epidemiological studies have accounted for the interaction between methylmercury and selenium. We aimed to investigate the association between environmental exposures to metals and female fertility. METHODS This case-control study included 98 infertile women receiving fertility treatment (infertile group) and 43 female workers in their thirties (control group) who provided blood samples and returned a questionnaire on lifestyles and dietary characteristics. Blood levels of mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, manganese, zinc, and selenium were compared between the groups. Spearman correlation analyses between anti-Müllerian hormone and the metals were conducted. RESULTS The mean selenium level in blood (± SD) and the selenium/mercury molar ratio were significantly lower in the infertile group (189 ± 25 μg/L and 94.6 ± 44.3, respectively) than in the control group (200 ± 25 μg/L and 118.4 ± 70.5). By contrast, blood mercury levels after adjusting for blood selenium and age were significantly higher in the infertile group than in the control group. Multiple logistic regression analyses with the adjustment for the other metals and potential confounders confirmed significant associations of infertility with elevated mercury and reduced selenium levels. No significant correlations were observed between anti-Müllerian hormone and metals. CONCLUSIONS Methylmercury and selenium exposures appear to have adverse and protective effects on female fertility, respectively. This is the first report to suggest the antagonistic interaction between methylmercury and selenium in relation to human female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Maeda
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Murata
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
| | - Yukiyo Kumazawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Wataru Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Shirasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kimiko Izumo
- Department of Environment and Public Health, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mineshi Sakamoto
- Department of Environment and Public Health, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as a systemic disease with multiple molecular pathways: a narrative review. Endocr Regul 2018; 52:208-221. [DOI: 10.2478/enr-2018-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, amenorrhea, and polycystic ovaries. This endocrinopathy is associated with many metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular complications. Inflammation is likely to play an important role in the promoting these metabolic imbalances, while prothrombotic and pro-oxidative mechanisms further contribute to the cardiovascular risk of these patients. The etiology of PCOS is still not fully understood, but there is evidence of genetic and environmental components. This review aims to discuss some molecular pathways associated with PCOS that could contribute to the better understanding about this syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that intrauterine exposure of female mice to an excess of anti-Müllerian hormone may induce PCOS features in their post-natal life. High cytokine levels and cytokine gene polymorphisms also appear to be associated with the pathophysiology of PCOS. Furthermore, high levels of microparticles may contribute to the altered hemostasis and enhanced inflammation in PCOS. All these mechanisms may be relevant to clarify some aspects of PCOS pathogenesis and inspire new strategies to prevent the syndrome as well as treat its symptoms and mitigate the risk of long-term complications.
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Xu J, Lawson MS, Xu F, Du Y, Tkachenko OY, Bishop CV, Pejovic-Nezhat L, Seifer DB, Hennebold JD. Vitamin D3 Regulates Follicular Development and Intrafollicular Vitamin D Biosynthesis and Signaling in the Primate Ovary. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1600. [PMID: 30487754 PMCID: PMC6246691 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing recognition that vitamin D plays important roles in female reproduction. Recent studies demonstrated that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), the biologically active form of vitamin D, improved ovarian follicle survival and growth in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the direct effects of VD3 at the specific preantral and antral stages of follicular development, and tested the hypothesis that vitamin D receptor (VDR) and enzymes critical for vitamin D biosynthesis are expressed in the primate ovary. Fourteen adult rhesus macaques provided ovarian tissue. Secondary and antral follicles were isolated for PCR analysis on VDR, vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase. VDR protein localization was determined by immunohistochemistry on ovarian sections. Isolated secondary follicles were cultured under conditions of control and VD3 supplementation during the preantral or antral stage. Follicle survival, growth, steroid and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) production, as well as oocyte maturation were evaluated. In vivo- and in vitro-developed follicles were also assessed for genes that are critical for vitamin D biosynthesis and signaling, gonadotropin signaling, steroid and paracrine factor production, and oocyte quality. The mRNA encoding VDR, 25-hydroxylase, and 1α-hydroxylase was detectable in in vivo- and in vitro-developed preantral and antral follicles. The 25-hydroxylase was elevated in cultured follicles relative to in vivo-developed follicles, which further increased following VD3 exposure. VD3 treatment increased 1α-hydroxylase in in vitro-developed antral follicles. The absence of VD3 during culture decreased VDR expression in in vitro-developed antral follicles, which was restored to levels comparable to those of in vivo-developed antral follicles by VD3 supplementation. Positive immunostaining for VDR was detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm of granulosa cells and oocytes. While only survival was improved in preantral follicles treated with VD3, VD3 supplementation promoted both survival and growth of antral follicles with increased estradiol and AMH production, as well as oocyte maturation. Thus, Vitamin D biosynthesis and signaling systems are expressed in primate ovarian follicles. Our findings support a role for VD3 in regulating follicular development in a stage-dependent manner, as well as the intrafollicular vitamin D biosynthesis and signaling, directly in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Maralee S. Lawson
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Fuhua Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yongrui Du
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Center Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Olena Y. Tkachenko
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Cecily V. Bishop
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Lucas Pejovic-Nezhat
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - David B. Seifer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jon D. Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Jamilian M, Mansury S, Bahmani F, Heidar Z, Amirani E, Asemi Z. The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:80. [PMID: 30217229 PMCID: PMC6137747 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the co-administration of probiotic and selenium on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with PCOS. Data on the effects of selenium and probiotic co-supplementation on mental health, hormonal and inflammatory parameters of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce. This investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of selenium and probiotic co-supplementation on mental health, hormonal and inflammatory parameters in women with PCOS. Methods This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 subjects, aged 18–40 years old. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to intake 8 × 109 CFU/day probiotic plus 200 μg/day selenium supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Hormonal and inflammatory parameters were measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Results Probiotic and selenium co-supplementation resulted in a significant improvement in beck depression inventory (β − 0.76; 95% CI, − 1.26, − 0.26; P = 0.003), general health questionnaire scores (β − 1.15; 95% CI, − 1.97, − 0.32; P = 0.007) and depression anxiety and stress scale scores (β − 1.49; 95% CI, − 2.59, − 0.39; P = 0.009) compared with the placebo. Furthermore, probiotic and selenium co-supplementation significantly reduced total testosterone (β − 0.26 ng/mL; 95% CI, − 0.51, − 0.02; P = 0.03), hirsutism (β − 0.43; 95% CI, − 0.74, − 0.11; P = 0.008), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β − 0.58 mg/L; 95% CI, − 0.97, − 0.19; P = 0.004) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (β − 0.29 μmol/L; 95% CI, − 0.56, − 0.02; P = 0.03), and significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (β + 84.76 mmol/L; 95% CI, + 48.08, + 121.44; P < 0.001) and total glutathione (GSH) levels (β + 26.78 μmol/L; 95% CI, + 4.33, + 49.23; P = 0.02) compared with the placebo. Conclusions Overall, the co-administration of probiotic and selenium for 12 weeks to women with PCOS had beneficial effects on mental health parameters, serum total testosterone, hirsutism, hs-CRP, TAC, GSH and MDA levels. This study was prospectively registered in the Iranian website (www.irct.ir) for registration of clinical trials (http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N22). Trial registration IRCT20170513033941N22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Jamilian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Shirin Mansury
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran
| | - Zahra Heidar
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran.
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Kanafchian M, Mahjoub S, Esmaeilzadeh S, Rahsepar M, Mosapour A. Status of serum selenium and zinc in patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome with and without insulin resistance. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Yao X, Ei-Samahy MA, Fan L, Zheng L, Jin Y, Pang J, Zhang G, Liu Z, Wang F. In vitro influence of selenium on the proliferation of and steroidogenesis in goat luteinized granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2018; 114:70-80. [PMID: 29602134 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of Selenium (Se) on the proliferation of and steroidogenesis in goat luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs) and elucidated the mechanisms underlying these effects. Our results showed that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Akt, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) were expressed mainly in ovarian oocytes and granulosa cells (GCs). We observed that 5 ng/mL Se significantly stimulated LGC proliferation, which could be attributed to increases in PCNA, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK; Thr172), and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt; Ser473) and decreases in p21 (P < 0.05). Se treatment also significantly increased estradiol (E2) production, which could be, at least partially, due to increased levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(3β-HSD), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), p-Akt (Ser473), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (P < 0.05); however, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) significantly enhanced the production of E2, progesterone (P4) and cAMP (P < 0.05). Moreover, Se treatment stimulated proliferation and the synthesis of E2 and cAMP in the presence of FSH (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of antioxidant-related genes [glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)] and the activity of GSH-Px and SOD were progressively elevated by Se treatment (P < 0.05). These data suggested that Se plays an important role in the proliferation of and steroidogenesis in LGC by activating the PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathways, thereby increasing the expression of its downstream cell-cycle- and steroid-synthesis-related genes, as well as regulating cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yao
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - M A Ei-Samahy
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Lijie Fan
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Linfeng Zheng
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuyue Jin
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jing Pang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Guomin Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zifei Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Trummer C, Pilz S, Schwetz V, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Lerchbaum E. Vitamin D, PCOS and androgens in men: a systematic review. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R95-R113. [PMID: 29449314 PMCID: PMC5854850 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vitamin D is involved in many functions of the reproductive system in both genders. AIM The aim of this review was to provide an overview on the effects of vitamin D on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women and androgen metabolism in men. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed for relevant English language publications published from January 2012 until September 2017. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The vitamin D receptor and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes are found in reproductive tissues of women and men. In women, vitamin D status has been associated with several features of PCOS. In detail, cross-sectional data suggest a regulatory role of vitamin D in PCOS-related aspects such as ovulatory dysfunction, insulin resistance as well as hyperandrogenism. Moreover, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial for metabolic, endocrine and fertility aspects in PCOS. In men, vitamin D status has been associated with androgen levels and hypogonadism. Further, there is some evidence for a favorable effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone concentrations, although others failed to show a significant effect on testosterone levels. CONCLUSION In summary, vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse fertility outcomes including PCOS and hypogonadism, but the evidence is insufficient to establish causality. High-quality RCTs are needed to further evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in PCOS women as well as on androgen levels in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Trummer
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Schwetz
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Lerchbaum
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Artini PG, Obino MER, Sergiampietri C, Pinelli S, Papini F, Casarosa E, Cela V. PCOS and pregnancy: a review of available therapies to improve the outcome of pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2018; 13:87-98. [PMID: 30058861 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2018.1431122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of female infertility affecting multiple aspects of a women's health. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to summarize the existing evidence on the treatment of PCOS patients and to examine the actual available therapies to overcome the problem of infertility and improve the outcome of pregnancy. We analyse different treatment strategies such as lifestyle modification, bariatric surgery, insulin sensitizing agents, inositol, clomiphene citrate (CC), aromatase inhibitors, gonadotrophins, laparoscopic ovarian drilling, and assisted reproductive techniques (ART). EXPERT COMMENTARY Lifestyle modification is the best initial management for obese PCOS patients seeking pregnancy and insulin sensitizing agents seem to have an important role in treating insulin resistance. Up to now, CC maintains a central role in the induction of ovulation and it has been confirmed as the first-line treatment; the use of gonadotrophins is considered the second-line in CC resistant patients; laparoscopic ovarian drilling is an alternative to gonadotrophins in patients who need laparoscopy for another reason. However, in anovulatory patients, ART represents the only possible alternative to obtain pregnancy. Larger and well-designed studies are needed to clarify the best way to improve the outcome of pregnancy in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giovanni Artini
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Maria Elena Rosa Obino
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Claudia Sergiampietri
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Sara Pinelli
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Francesca Papini
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Elena Casarosa
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Vito Cela
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Maktabi M, Jamilian M, Asemi Z. Magnesium-Zinc-Calcium-Vitamin D Co-supplementation Improves Hormonal Profiles, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:21-28. [PMID: 28668998 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Data on the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on hormonal profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on hormonal profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in women with PCOS. Sixty PCOS women were randomized into two groups and treated with 100 mg magnesium, 4 mg zinc, 400 mg calcium plus 200 IU vitamin D supplements (n = 30), or placebo (n = 30) twice a day for 12 weeks. Hormonal profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress were assessed at baseline and at end-of-treatment. After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation resulted in significant reductions in hirsutism (-2.4 ± 1.2 vs. -0.1 ± 0.4, P < 0.001), serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (-0.7 ± 0.8 vs. +0.2 ± 1.8 mg/L, P < 0.001), and plasma malondialdehyde (-0.4 ± 0.3 vs. +0.2 ± 1.0 μmol/L, P = 0.01), and a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity concentrations (+46.6 ± 66.5 vs. -7.7 ± 130.1 mmol/L, P = 0.04). We failed to find any significant effect of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on free androgen index, and other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Overall, magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation for 12 weeks among PCOS women had beneficial effects on hormonal profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maktabi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mehri Jamilian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Tamadon MR, Soleimani A, Keneshlou F, Mojarrad MZ, Bahmani F, Naseri A, Kashani HH, Hosseini ES, Asemi Z. Clinical Trial on the Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles in Diabetic Hemodialysis. Horm Metab Res 2018; 50:50-55. [PMID: 28958110 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin metabolism, lipid fractions, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out among 60 diabetic HD patients. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either oral vitamin D3 supplements at a dosage of 50 000 IU (n=30) or placebo (n=30) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of intervention, subjects who received vitamin D supplements compared with the placebo had significantly decreased serum insulin concentrations (-3.4±3.7 vs. +2.0±4.2 μIU/ml, p<0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-1.2±1.8 vs. +0.9±2.3, p<0.001), and improved quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (+0.02±0.03 vs. -0.01±0.02, p<0.001). In addition, compared with the placebo, vitamin D supplementation led to significant reductions in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-1.4±2.5 vs. +1.4±4.8 mg/l, p=0.007), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (-0.1±0.2 vs. +0.1±0.2 μmol/l, p=0.009) and a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations (+33.8±56.7 vs. -2.0±74.5 mmol/l, p=0.04). We did not see any significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on lipid profiles and other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress compared with the placebo. Overall, we found that vitamin D supplementation had beneficial effects on serum insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, serum hs-CRP, plasma MDA, and TAC levels among diabetic HD patients for 12 weeks. CLINICAL REGISTRATION:: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT201611155623N92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Tamadon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Soleimani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fariba Keneshlou
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Malihe Zarrati Mojarrad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Afshin Naseri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elahe Seyed Hosseini
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Jamilian M, Foroozanfard F, Rahmani E, Talebi M, Bahmani F, Asemi Z. Effect of Two Different Doses of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Insulin-Resistant Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1280. [PMID: 29186759 PMCID: PMC5748731 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the metabolic profiles of insulin-resistant subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 90 insulin-resistant women with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups to intake either 4000 IU of vitamin D or 1000 IU of vitamin D or placebo (n = 30 each group) daily for 12 weeks. Vitamin D supplementation (4000 IU), compared with vitamin D (1000 IU) and placebo, led to significant reductions in total testosterone (-0.2 ± 0.2 vs. -0.1 ± 0.6 and +0.1 ± 0.2 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.02), free androgen index (FAI) (-0.06 ± 0.12 vs. -0.02 ± 0.12 and +0.004 ± 0.04, respectively, p = 0.04), hirsutism (-1.1 ± 1.1 vs. -0.8 ± 1.2 and -0.1 ± 0.4, respectively, p = 0.001) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-0.7 ± 1.4 vs. -0.5 ± 0.9 and +0.5 ± 2.4 mg/L, respectively, p = 0.01). In addition, we found significant elevations in mean change of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (+19.1 ± 23.0 vs. +4.5 ± 11.0 and +0.7 ± 10.4 nmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (+130 ± 144 vs. +33 ± 126 and -36 ± 104 mmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001) in the high-dose vitamin D group compared with low-dose vitamin D and placebo groups. Overall, high-dose vitamin D administration for 12 weeks to insulin-resistant women with PCOS had beneficial effects on total testosterone, SHBG, FAI, serum hs-CRP and plasma TAC levels compared with low-dose vitamin D and placebo groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Jamilian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak 6618634683, Iran;
| | - Fatemeh Foroozanfard
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran; (F.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Elham Rahmani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran;
| | - Maesoomeh Talebi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran; (F.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran;
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran;
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Bhargava P, Fitzgerald KC, Calabresi PA, Mowry EM. Metabolic alterations in multiple sclerosis and the impact of vitamin D supplementation. JCI Insight 2017; 2:95302. [PMID: 28978801 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to identify changes in the metabolome in multiple sclerosis (MS) and how vitamin D supplementation alters metabolic profiles in MS patients and healthy controls. METHODS We applied global untargeted metabolomics to plasma from a cross-sectional cohort of age- and sex-matched MS patients and controls and a second longitudinal cohort of MS patients and healthy controls who received 5,000 IU cholecalciferol daily for 90 days. We applied partial least squares discriminant analysis, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and pathway analysis to the metabolomics data. Generalized estimating equations models were used to assess change in WGCNA-identified module scores or metabolite pathways with vitamin D supplementation. RESULTS Utilizing multiple analytical techniques, we identified metabolic alterations in oxidative stress (γ-glutamyl amino acid, glutathione) and xenobiotic metabolism (benzoate, caffeine) in MS patients compared with healthy controls in the first cohort. In the vitamin D supplementation cohort, we identified two sets of metabolites altered differentially between MS patients and healthy controls with vitamin D supplementation. The first included markers of oxidative stress and protein oxidation (P = 0.006), while the second contained lysolipids and fatty acids (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Using metabolomics, we identified alterations in oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolism in MS patients and subsequently demonstrated a reduction of oxidative stress markers with vitamin D supplementation in healthy controls but not in MS patients. We demonstrate the utility of metabolomics in identifying aberrant metabolic processes and in monitoring the ability of therapeutic interventions to correct these abnormalities. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01667796. FUNDING This study was supported by NIH grant K23 NS067055, grants from the Race to Erase MS, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, the American Academy of Neurology, and North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis.
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45
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van Ballegooijen AJ, Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, Grübler MR, Verheyen N. The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:7454376. [PMID: 29138634 PMCID: PMC5613455 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7454376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins D and K are both fat-soluble vitamins and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Vitamin D promotes the production of vitamin K-dependent proteins, which require vitamin K for carboxylation in order to function properly. The purpose of this review is to summarize available evidence of the synergistic interplay between vitamins D and K on bone and cardiovascular health. Animal and human studies suggest that optimal concentrations of both vitamin D and vitamin K are beneficial for bone and cardiovascular health as supported by genetic, molecular, cellular, and human studies. Most clinical trials studied vitamin D and K supplementation with bone health in postmenopausal women. Few intervention trials studied vitamin D and K supplementation with cardiovascular-related outcomes. These limited studies indicate that joint supplementation might be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Current evidence supports the notion that joint supplementation of vitamins D and K might be more effective than the consumption of either alone for bone and cardiovascular health. As more is discovered about the powerful combination of vitamins D and K, it gives a renewed reason to eat a healthy diet including a variety of foods such as vegetables and fermented dairy for bone and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana J. van Ballegooijen
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Martin R. Grübler
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Foroozanfard F, Talebi M, Samimi M, Mehrabi S, Badehnoosh B, Jamilian M, Maktabi M, Asemi Z. Effect of Two Different Doses of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Insulin-Resistant Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Horm Metab Res 2017; 49:612-617. [PMID: 28679142 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 2 different doses of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles of insulin-resistant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 90 insulin-resistant patients with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria aged 18-40 years old. Participants were randomly allocated into 3 groups to receive either 4 000 IU of vitamin D (n=30) or 1 000 IU of vitamin D (n=30) or placebo (n=30) per day for 12 weeks. Vitamin D supplementation (4 000 IU), compared with vitamin D (1 000 IU) and placebo, led to reduced fasting plasma glucose (-4.3±8.6 vs. -4.7±7.1 and +0.1±6.7 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.02), serum insulin concentrations (-2.7±2.7 vs. -1.4±4.2 and -0.1±4.1 μIU/ml, respectively, p=0.02), and HOMA-IR (-0.6±0.6 vs. -0.4±1.0 and -0.1±0.9, respectively, p=0.02). In addition, we found significant decreases in mean change of serum triglycerides (-10.3±7.3 vs. -3.6±14.5 and +6.9±23.8 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.001), VLDL- (-2.0±1.5 vs. -0.7±2.9 and +1.4±4.8 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.001), total- (-14.0±9.5 vs. -6.2±24.0 and +7.1±29.7 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.002), LDL- (-10.8±8.3 vs. -5.7±21.9 and +6.8±28.2 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.005), and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (-0.2±0.3 vs. -0.1±0.6 and +0.2±0.7 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.003) in the high-dose vitamin D group compared with low-dose vitamin D and placebo groups. Overall, vitamin D supplementation at a dosage of 4 000 IU/day for 12 weeks in insulin-resistant patients with PCOS had beneficial effects of glucose metabolism and lipid profiles compared with 1 000 IU/day of vitamin D and placebo groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Foroozanfard
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran
| | - Maesoomeh Talebi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran
| | - Mansooreh Samimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran
| | - Sahar Mehrabi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, I. R. Iran
| | - Bita Badehnoosh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, I. R. Iran
| | - Mehri Jamilian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, I. R. Iran
| | - Maryam Maktabi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, I. R. Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran
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Pergialiotis V, Karampetsou N, Panagopoulos P, Trakakis E, Papantoniou N. The effect of Vitamin D supplementation on hormonal and glycaemic profile of patients with PCOS: A meta-analysis of randomised trials. Int J Clin Pract 2017; 71. [PMID: 28524342 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is frequently manifested in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). To date, supplementation of deficient patients has not been correlated with the hormonal and metabolic status of these patients. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the hormonal and metabolic profile of PCOS women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched Medline, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Central Register databases for published randomised controlled trials. The meta-analysis was performed with the RevMan 5.3.5 software. RESULTS Nine studies were included in the present meta-analysis which investigated the impact of vitamin D supplementation in 647 patients. According to our meta-analysis neither serum testosterone (MD 0.04 ng/mL, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.17) nor serum LH (MD -0.48 IU/mL, 95% CI -1.97 to 1.00) were significantly affected by vitamin D supplementation in any of the subgroup comparisons. On the contrary, serum DHEAS was significantly affected by vitamin D (MD -32.24 μg/dL, 95% CI -32.24 to -14.01) an effect which was mainly affected by the vitamin D vs placebo comparison. Vitamin D supplementation did not have an impact on fasting glucose (MD 0.42 mg/dL, 95% CI -2.75 to 3.60) or fasting insulin (MD 1.27 μU/mL, 95% CI -1.42 to 3.97) levels. HOMA-IR was, however, increased among patients that received placebo compared to vitamin D (MD 0.52, 95% CI 0.39-0.65). CONCLUSION There is no evidence to support that vitamin D supplementation significantly benefits PCOS patients. However, given the relatively small number of enrolled patients further studies are needed to elucidate this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Periklis Panagopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eftihios Trakakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papantoniou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Wang Y, Lin M, Gao X, Pedram P, Du J, Vikram C, Gulliver W, Zhang H, Sun G. High dietary selenium intake is associated with less insulin resistance in the Newfoundland population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174149. [PMID: 28380029 PMCID: PMC5381811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential nutrient, Selenium (Se) is involved in many metabolic activities including mimicking insulin function. Data on Se in various biological samples and insulin resistance are contradictory, moreover there is no large study available regarding the relationship of dietary Se intake with insulin resistance in the general population. To investigate the association between dietary Se intake and variation of insulin resistance in a large population based study, a total of 2420 subjects without diabetes from the CODING (Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics) study were assessed. Dietary Se intake was evaluated from the Willett Food Frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were used for the measurement of glucose and insulin. Insulin resistance was determined with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of covariance showed that high HOMA-IR groups in both males and females had the lowest dietary Se intake (μg/kg/day) (p < 0.01), being 18% and 11% lower than low HOMA-IR groups respectively. Insulin resistance decreased with the increase of dietary Se intake in females but not in males after controlling for age, total calorie intake, physical activity level, serum calcium, serum magnesium, and body fat percentage (p < 0.01). Partial correlation analysis showed that dietary Se intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for the Se confounding factors in subjects whose dietary Se intake was below 1.6 μg/kg/day (r = -0.121 for males and -0.153 for females, p < 0.05). However, the negative correlation was no longer significant when dietary Se intake was above 1.6 μg/kg/day. Our findings suggest that higher dietary Se intake is beneficially correlated with lower insulin resistance when total dietary Se intake was below 1.6 μg/kg/day. Above this cutoff, this beneficial effect disappears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Meiju Lin
- Department of Biliary Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Pardis Pedram
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chandurkar Vikram
- Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Wayne Gulliver
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Guang Sun
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
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Jin W, Zheng H, Shan B, Wu Y. Changes of serum trace elements level in patients with alopecia areata: A meta-analysis. J Dermatol 2017; 44:588-591. [PMID: 28150385 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of serum trace elements are involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA); however, the results of published studies are controversial. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the alterations of serum level of trace elements and AA using a meta-analysis approach. We searched all articles indexed in PubMed, Embase and Science Citation Index published up to 30 April 2016 concerning the association between serum level of zinc, copper, iron/ferritin, selenium or magnesium and AA. Ten eligible articles involving 764 subjects were identified. Overall, pooled analysis indicated that patients with AA had a lower serum level of zinc (P < 10-4 ) and selenium (P < 10-4 ) than the healthy controls. However, there was no significant difference between the AA patients and controls in the levels of serum copper (P = 0.81), serum iron (P = 0.36), serum ferritin (P = 0.37) and serum magnesium (P = 0.07). This meta-analysis suggests that low serum levels of zinc and selenium seem to be important risk factors for AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waishu Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Haibo Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Changchun Center Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Baihui Shan
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, No. 2 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, No. 2 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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50
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Xue Y, Xu P, Xue K, Duan X, Cao J, Luan T, Li Q, Gu L. Effect of vitamin D on biochemical parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome women: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 295:487-496. [PMID: 27933387 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the therapeutical effect of vitamin D supplementation on the metabolism and endocrine parameters of PCOS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical studies investigating the therapeutic effect of vitamin D supplementation on PCOS patients were selected by searching PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane library and Web of Science until April 2016. The included articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Serum HOMA-IR, QUICKI, LDL, DHEAS, free testosterone (FT), total testosterone (TT), PTH, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, and triglyceride of PCOS patients were enrolled for evaluating the therapeutic effects of vitamin D. RESULTS 16 studies were included in this study. There was no significant difference between the placebo group and vitamin D group in the concentration of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D in patients with PCOS (P = 0.06). After treated with vitamin D, the serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D in PCOS patients was increased (P < 0.00001), while the serum PTH (P = 0.003) and triglyceride (P = 0.006) were decreased. In addition, the serum HOMA-IR, QUICKI, LDL, DHEAS, FT, and TT in PCOS patients did not change. Subgroup analysis showed that the serum triglyceride of PCOS patients was decreased by low dose of vitamin D supplementation (<50,000 IU) (P = 0.03), but no significantly changed by high-dose vitamin D supplementation (≥50,000 IU) (P = 0.17). CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation significantly attenuates serum PTH and triglyceride in PCOS patients except for serum HOMA-IR, QUICKI, LDL, DHEAS, FT, and TT. Furthermore, less than 50,000 IU vitamin D supplementation is sufficient for decreasing serum triglyceride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Xue
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 123 Mochou Road, 210004, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 210004, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Xue
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 123 Mochou Road, 210004, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Duan
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 123 Mochou Road, 210004, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 123 Mochou Road, 210004, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Luan
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 123 Mochou Road, 210004, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 123 Mochou Road, 210004, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lin Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 123 Mochou Road, 210004, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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