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Choi H, Shin H, Kim CY, Park J, Kim H. Highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-RNP mediated CaPAD1 editing in protoplasts of three pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2383822. [PMID: 39052485 PMCID: PMC11275519 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2383822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy, characterized by seedless fruit development without pollination or fertilization, offers the advantage of consistent fruit formation, even under challenging conditions such as high temperatures. It can be induced by regulating auxin homeostasis; PAD1 (PARENTAL ADVICE-1) is an inducer of parthenocarpy in Solanaceae plants. However, precise editing of PAD1 is not well studied in peppers. Here, we report a highly efficient clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) for CaPAD1 editing in three valuable cultivars of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): Dempsey, a gene-editable bell pepper; C15, a transformable commercial inbred line; and Younggo 4, a Korean landrace. To achieve the seedless pepper trait under high temperatures caused by unstable climate change, we designed five single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting the CaPAD1 gene. We evaluated the in vitro on-target activity of the RNP complexes in three cultivars. Subsequently, we introduced five CRISPR/Cas9-RNP complexes into protoplasts isolated from three pepper leaves and compared indel frequencies and patterns through targeted deep sequencing analyses. We selected two sgRNAs, sgRNA2 and sgRNA5, which had high in vivo target efficiencies for the CaPAD1 gene across the three cultivars and were validated as potential off-targets in their genomes. These findings are expected to be valuable tools for developing new seedless pepper cultivars through precise molecular breeding of recalcitrant crops in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjae Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongbin Park
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Data Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical AI, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Jang YJ, Kim T, Lin M, Kim J, Begcy K, Liu Z, Lee S. Genome-wide gene network uncover temporal and spatial changes of genes in auxin homeostasis during fruit development in strawberry (F. × ananassa). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:876. [PMID: 39304822 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant hormone auxin plays a crucial role in regulating important functions in strawberry fruit development. Although a few studies have described the complex auxin biosynthetic and signaling pathway in wild diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca), the molecular mechanisms underlying auxin biosynthesis and crosstalk in octoploid strawberry fruit development are not fully characterized. To address this knowledge gap, comprehensive transcriptomic analyses were conducted at different stages of fruit development and compared between the achene and receptacle to identify developmentally regulated auxin biosynthetic genes and transcription factors during the fruit ripening process. Similar to wild diploid strawberry, octoploid strawberry accumulates high levels of auxin in achene compared to receptacle. RESULTS Genes involved in auxin biosynthesis and conjugation, such as Tryptophan Aminotransferase of Arabidopsis (TAAs), YUCCA (YUCs), and Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3s), were found to be primarily expressed in the achene, with low expression in the receptacle. Interestingly, several genes involved in auxin transport and signaling like Pin-Formed (PINs), Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid Proteins (Aux/IAAs), Transport Inhibitor Response 1 / Auxin-Signaling F-Box (TIR/AFBs) and Auxin Response Factor (ARFs) were more abundantly expressed in the receptacle. Moreover, by examining DEGs and their transcriptional profiles across all six developmental stages, we identified key auxin-related genes co-clustered with transcription factors from the NAM-ATAF1,2-CUC2/ WRKYGQK motif (NAC/WYKY), Heat Shock Transcription Factor and Heat Shock Proteins (HSF/HSP), APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) and MYB transcription factor groups. CONCLUSIONS These results elucidate the complex regulatory network of auxin biosynthesis and its intricate crosstalk within the achene and receptacle, enriching our understanding of fruit development in octoploid strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Jang
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, 33598, USA
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Makou Lin
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jeongim Kim
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kevin Begcy
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Seonghee Lee
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, 33598, USA.
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Zhao K, Zhang Y, She S, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Nie W, Wei X, Sun H, Dang J, Wang S, Wu D, He Q, Guo Q, Liang G, Xiang S. Comparative transcriptome analysis of two pomelo accessions with different parthenocarpic ability provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of parthenocarpy in pomelo ( Citrus grandis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1432166. [PMID: 39135650 PMCID: PMC11317442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1432166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy is an important way for seedless fruit production in citrus. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of parthenocarpy in pomelo is still unknown. Our initial study found significantly different parthenocarpic abilities in Guanximiyou (G) and Shatianyou (S) pomelo following emasculation, and an endogenous hormone content assay revealed that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and zeatin (ZT) jointly promoted fruit expansion and cell division in parthenocarpic pomelo (G pomelo). To unravel the underlying molecular mechanism(s), we conducted the first transcriptome analysis on the two pomelo accessions at these two critical stages: the fruit initiation stage and the rapid expansion stage, in order to identify genes associated with parthenocarpy. This analysis yielded approximately 7.86 Gb of high-quality reads, and the subsequent de novo assembly resulted in the identification of 5,792 DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes). Among these, a range of transcription factor families such as CgERF, CgC2H2, CgbHLH, CgNAC and CgMYB, along with genes like CgLAX2, CgGH3.6 and CgGH3, emerged as potential candidates contributing to pomelo parthenocarpy, as confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. The present study provides comprehensive transcriptomic profiles of both parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic pomelos, reveals several metabolic pathways linked to parthenocarpy, and highlights the significant role of plant hormones in its regulation. These findings deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying parthenocarpy in pomelo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunchun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sulei She
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiping Nie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Wei
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangbo Dang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suqiong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Guan H, Yang X, Lin Y, Xie B, Zhang X, Ma C, Xia R, Chen R, Hao Y. The hormone regulatory mechanism underlying parthenocarpic fruit formation in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1404980. [PMID: 39119498 PMCID: PMC11306060 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1404980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Parthenocarpic fruits, known for their superior taste and reliable yields in adverse conditions, develop without the need for fertilization or pollination. Exploring the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind parthenocarpic fruit development holds both theoretical and practical significance, making it a crucial area of study. This review examines how plant hormones and MADS-box transcription factors control parthenocarpic fruit formation. It delves into various aspects of plant hormones-including auxin, gibberellic acid, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid-ranging from external application to biosynthesis, metabolism, signaling pathways, and their interplay in influencing parthenocarpic fruit development. The review also explores the involvement of MADS family gene functions in these processes. Lastly, we highlight existing knowledge gaps and propose directions for future research on parthenocarpy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Guan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Lin
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoxing Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongjian Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Rui Xia
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang X, Feng S, Luo J, Song S, Lin J, Tian Y, Xu T, Ma J. The Role of FveAFB5 in Auxin-Mediated Responses and Growth in Strawberries. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1142. [PMID: 38674551 PMCID: PMC11055006 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial hormone that regulates various aspects of plant growth and development. It exerts its effects through multiple signaling pathways, including the TIR1/AFB-based transcriptional regulation in the nucleus. However, the specific role of auxin receptors in determining developmental features in the strawberry (Fragaria vesca) remains unclear. Our research has identified FveAFB5, a potential auxin receptor, as a key player in the development and auxin responses of woodland strawberry diploid variety Hawaii 4. FveAFB5 positively influences lateral root development, plant height, and fruit development, while negatively regulating shoot branching. Moreover, the mutation of FveAFB5 confers strong resistance to the auxinic herbicide picloram, compared to dicamba and quinclorac. Transcriptome analysis suggests that FveAFB5 may initiate auxin and abscisic acid signaling to inhibit growth in response to picloram. Therefore, FveAFB5 likely acts as an auxin receptor involved in regulating multiple processes related to strawberry growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Shuo Feng
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jiangshan Luo
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Shikui Song
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Juncheng Lin
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yunhe Tian
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jun Ma
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
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6
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Baranov D, Dolgov S, Timerbaev V. New Advances in the Study of Regulation of Tomato Flowering-Related Genes Using Biotechnological Approaches. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:359. [PMID: 38337892 PMCID: PMC10856997 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The tomato is a convenient object for studying reproductive processes, which has become a classic. Such complex processes as flowering and fruit setting require an understanding of the fundamental principles of molecular interaction, the structures of genes and proteins, the construction of signaling pathways for transcription regulation, including the synchronous actions of cis-regulatory elements (promoter and enhancer), trans-regulatory elements (transcription factors and regulatory RNAs), and transposable elements and epigenetic regulators (DNA methylation and acetylation, chromatin structure). Here, we discuss the current state of research on tomatoes (2017-2023) devoted to studying the function of genes that regulate flowering and signal regulation systems using genome-editing technologies, RNA interference gene silencing, and gene overexpression, including heterologous expression. Although the central candidate genes for these regulatory components have been identified, a complete picture of their relationship has yet to be formed. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest achievements related to studying the processes of flowering and fruit set. This work attempts to display the gene interaction scheme to better understand the events under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Baranov
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (D.B.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Dolgov
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (D.B.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Timerbaev
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (D.B.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Dewey RE, Selote D, Griffin HC, Dickey AN, Jantz D, Smith JJ, Matthiadis A, Strable J, Kestell C, Smith WA. Cytoplasmic male sterility and abortive seed traits generated through mitochondrial genome editing coupled with allotopic expression of atp1 in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1253640. [PMID: 37780496 PMCID: PMC10541219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1253640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Allotopic expression is the term given for the deliberate relocation of gene function from an organellar genome to the nuclear genome. We hypothesized that the allotopic expression of an essential mitochondrial gene using a promoter that expressed efficiently in all cell types except those responsible for male reproduction would yield a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) phenotype once the endogenous mitochondrial gene was inactivated via genome editing. To test this, we repurposed the mitochondrially encoded atp1 gene of tobacco to function in the nucleus under the transcriptional control of a CaMV 35S promoter (construct 35S:nATP1), a promoter that has been shown to be minimally expressed in early stages of anther development. The endogenous atp1 gene was eliminated (Δatp1) from 35S:nATP1 tobacco plants using custom-designed meganucleases directed to the mitochondria. Vegetative growth of most 35S:nATP1/Δatp1 plants appeared normal, but upon flowering produced malformed anthers that failed to shed pollen. When 35S:nATP1/Δatp1 plants were cross-pollinated, ovary/capsule development appeared normal, but the vast majority of the resultant seeds were small, largely hollow and failed to germinate, a phenotype akin to the seedless trait known as stenospermocarpy. Characterization of the mitochondrial genomes from three independent Δatp1 events suggested that spontaneous recombination over regions of microhomology and substoichiometric shifting were the mechanisms responsible for atp1 elimination and genome rearrangement in response to exposure to the atp1-targeting meganucleases. Should the results reported here in tobacco prove to be translatable to other crop species, then multiple applications of allotopic expression of an essential mitochondrial gene followed by its elimination through genome editing can be envisaged. Depending on the promoter(s) used to drive the allotopic gene, this technology may have potential application in the areas of: (1) CMS trait development for use in hybrid seed production; (2) seedless fruit production; and (3) transgene containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E. Dewey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Devarshi Selote
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - H. Carol Griffin
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Allison N. Dickey
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Derek Jantz
- Precision BioSciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Josh Strable
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Caitlin Kestell
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - William A. Smith
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Tazuke A, Kinoshita T, Asayama M. Expression of candidate marker genes of sugar starvation is upregulated in growth-suppressed parthenocarpic cucumber fruit. Novel gene markers for sugar starvation in growth-suppressed cucumber fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1241267. [PMID: 37662177 PMCID: PMC10471979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1241267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
To examine the physiological change in the growth suppression and abortion of parthenocarpic cucumber fruit, the expression of candidate marker genes of sugar starvation in relation to growth activity was examined. Fruits that failed to start exponential growth seemed to eventually abort. Hexose concentration of fruits was low in growth-suppressed fruit and increased in normally growing fruit consistent with the vacuolization. The correlation matrix indicated that the transcript levels of the genes, except CsaV3_6G046050 and CsaV3_5G032930, had a highly significant negative correlation with the relative growth rate in fruit length and had highly significant mutual positive correlations, suggesting that the asparagine synthetase gene, Cucumis sativus putative CCCH-type zinc finger protein CsSEF1, C. sativus BTB/POZ domain-containing protein At1g63850-like, CsaV3_3G000800, CsaV3_3G041280, and CsaV3_7G032930 are good markers of sugar starvation in cucumber fruit. The expression of candidate marker genes together with the hexose analysis strongly suggests that severe sugar starvation is occurring in growth-suppressed fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Tazuke
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
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Hu J, Li X, Sun TP. Four class A AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs promote tomato fruit growth despite suppressing fruit set. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:706-719. [PMID: 37037878 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, auxin produced in seeds after fertilization promotes fruit initiation. The application of auxin to unpollinated ovaries can also induce parthenocarpy (seedless fruit production). Previous studies have shown that auxin signalling components SlIAA9 and SlARF7 (a class A AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF)) are key repressors of fruit initiation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). A similar repressive role of class A ARFs in fruit set has also been observed in other plant species. However, evidence is lacking for a role of any class A ARF in promoting fruit development as predicted in the current auxin signalling model. Here we generated higher-order tomato mutants of four class A SlARFs (SlARF5, SlARF7, SlARF8A and SlARF8B) and uncovered their precise combinatorial roles that lead to suppressing and promoting fruit development. All four class A SlARFs together with SlIAA9 inhibited fruit initiation but promoted subsequent fruit growth. Transgenic tomato lines expressing truncated SlARF8A/8B lacking the IAA9-interacting PB1 domain displayed strong parthenocarpy, further confirming the promoting role of SlARF8A/8B in fruit growth. Altering the doses of these four SlARFs led to biphasic fruit growth responses, showing their versatile dual roles as both negative and positive regulators. RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR analyses further identified SlARF8A/8B target genes, including those encoding MADS-BOX transcription factors (AG1, MADS2 and AGL6) that are key repressors of fruit set. These results support the idea that SlIAA9/SlARFs directly regulate the transcription of these MADS-BOX genes to inhibit fruit set. Our study reveals the previously unknown dual function of four class A SlARFs in tomato fruit development and illuminates the complex combinatorial effects of multiple ARFs in controlling auxin-mediated fruit set and fruit growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tai-Ping Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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10
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Seedlessness Trait and Genome Editing—A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065660. [PMID: 36982733 PMCID: PMC10057249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenocarpy and stenospermocarpy are the two mechanisms underlying the seedless fruit set program. Seedless fruit occurs naturally and can be produced using hormone application, crossbreeding, or ploidy breeding. However, the two types of breeding are time-consuming and sometimes ineffective due to interspecies hybridization barriers or the absence of appropriate parental genotypes to use in the breeding process. The genetic engineering approach provides a better prospect, which can be explored based on an understanding of the genetic causes underlying the seedlessness trait. For instance, CRISPR/Cas is a comprehensive and precise technology. The prerequisite for using the strategy to induce seedlessness is identifying the crucial master gene or transcription factor liable for seed formation/development. In this review, we primarily explored the seedlessness mechanisms and identified the potential candidate genes underlying seed development. We also discussed the CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing approaches and their improvements.
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Micol-Ponce R, García-Alcázar M, Lebrón R, Capel C, Pineda B, García-Sogo B, Alché JDD, Ortiz-Atienza A, Bretones S, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Moreno V, Capel J, Lozano R. Tomato POLLEN DEFICIENT 2 encodes a G-type lectin receptor kinase required for viable pollen grain formation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:178-193. [PMID: 36260406 PMCID: PMC9786849 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is a crucial biological process indispensable for seed set in flowering plants and for successful crop breeding. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating pollen development in crop species. This study reports a novel male-sterile tomato mutant, pollen deficient 2 (pod2), characterized by the production of non-viable pollen grains and resulting in the development of small parthenocarpic fruits. A combined strategy of mapping-by-sequencing and RNA interference-mediated gene silencing was used to prove that the pod2 phenotype is caused by the loss of Solanum lycopersicum G-type lectin receptor kinase II.9 (SlG-LecRK-II.9) activity. In situ hybridization of floral buds showed that POD2/SlG-LecRK-II.9 is specifically expressed in tapetal cells and microspores at the late tetrad stage. Accordingly, abnormalities in meiosis and tapetum programmed cell death in pod2 occurred during microsporogenesis, resulting in the formation of four dysfunctional microspores leading to an aberrant microgametogenesis process. RNA-seq analyses supported the existence of alterations at the final stage of microsporogenesis, since we found tomato deregulated genes whose counterparts in Arabidopsis are essential for the normal progression of male meiosis and cytokinesis. Collectively, our results revealed the essential role of POD2/SlG-LecRK-II.9 in regulating tomato pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Lebrón
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Carmen Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Benito Pineda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña García-Sogo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Ortiz-Atienza
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Sandra Bretones
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando Juan Yuste-Lisbona
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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12
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Devi S, Sharma PK, Behera TK, Jaiswal S, Boopalakrishnan G, Kumari K, Mandal NK, Iquebal MA, Gopala Krishnan S, Bharti, Ghosal C, Munshi AD, Dey SS. Identification of a major QTL, Parth6.1 associated with parthenocarpic fruit development in slicing cucumber genotype, Pusa Parthenocarpic Cucumber-6. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064556. [PMID: 36589066 PMCID: PMC9795203 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy is an extremely important trait that revolutionized the worldwide cultivation of cucumber under protected conditions. Pusa Parthenocarpic Cucumber-6 (PPC-6) is one of the important commercially cultivated varieties under protected conditions in India. Understanding the genetics of parthenocarpy, molecular mapping and the development of molecular markers closely associated with the trait will facilitate the introgression of parthenocarpic traits into non-conventional germplasm and elite varieties. The F1, F2 and back-crosses progenies with a non-parthenocarpic genotype, Pusa Uday indicated a single incomplete dominant gene controlling parthenocarpy in PPC-6. QTL-seq comprising of the early parthenocarpy and non-parthenocarpic bulks along with the parental lines identified two major genomic regions, one each in chromosome 3 and chromosome 6 spanning over a region of 2.7 Mb and 7.8 Mb, respectively. Conventional mapping using F2:3 population also identified two QTLs, Parth6.1 and Parth6.2 in chromosome 6 which indicated the presence of a major effect QTL in chromosome 6 determining parthenocarpy in PPC-6. The flanking markers, SSR01148 and SSR 01012 for Parth6.1 locus and SSR10476 and SSR 19174 for Parth6.2 locus were identified and can be used for introgression of parthenocarpy through the marker-assisted back-crossing programme. Functional annotation of the QTL-region identified two major genes, Csa_6G396640 and Csa_6G405890 designated as probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA11 and Auxin response factor 16, respectively associated with auxin biosynthesis as potential candidate genes. Csa_6G396640 showed only one insertion at position 2179 in the non-parthenocarpic parent. In the case of Csa_6G405890, more variations were observed between the two parents in the form of SNPs and InDels. The study provides insight about genomic regions, closely associated markers and possible candidate genes associated with parthenocarpy in PPC-6 which will be instrumental for functional genomics study and better understanding of parthenocarpy in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Devi
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Parva Kumar Sharma
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - G. Boopalakrishnan
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Kumari
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Kumari Mandal
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharti
- Division of Sample Survey, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandrika Ghosal
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anilabha Das Munshi
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Dey
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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13
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Cheng Z, Song W, Zhang X. Genic male and female sterility in vegetable crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac232. [PMID: 36643746 PMCID: PMC9832880 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable crops are greatly appreciated for their beneficial nutritional and health components. Hybrid seeds are widely used in vegetable crops for advantages such as high yield and improved resistance, which require the participation of male (stamen) and female (pistil) reproductive organs. Male- or female-sterile plants are commonly used for production of hybrid seeds or seedless fruits in vegetables. In this review we will focus on the types of genic male sterility and factors affecting female fertility, summarize typical gene function and research progress related to reproductive organ identity and sporophyte and gametophyte development in vegetable crops [mainly tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus)], and discuss the research trends and application perspectives of the sterile trait in vegetable breeding and hybrid production, in order to provide a reference for fertility-related germplasm innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiyuan Song
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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14
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Pepe M, Marie TRJG, Leonardos ED, Hesami M, Rana N, Jones AMP, Grodzinski B. Tissue culture coupled with a gas exchange system offers new perspectives on phenotyping the developmental biology of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 'MicroTom'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025477. [PMID: 36438083 PMCID: PMC9691339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 'Microtom' (MicroTom) is a model organism with a relatively rapid life cycle, and wide library of genetic mutants available to study different aspects of plant development. Despite its small stature, conventional MicroTom research often requires expensive growth cabinets and/or expansive greenhouse space, limiting the number of experimental and control replications needed for experiments, and can render plants susceptible to pests and disease. Thus, alternative experimental approaches must be devised to reduce the footprint of experimental units and limit the occurrence problematic confounding variables. Here, tissue culture is presented as a powerful option for MicroTom research that can quell the complications associated with conventional MicroTom research methods. A previously established, non-invasive, analytical tissue culture system is used to compare in vitro and conventionally produced MicroTom by assessing photosynthesis, respiration, diurnal carbon gain, and fruit pigments. To our knowledge, this is the first publication that measures in vitro MicroTom fruit pigments and compares diurnal photosynthetic/respiration responses to abiotic factors between in vitro and ex vitro MicroTom. Comparable trends would validate tissue culture as a new benchmark method in MicroTom research, as it is like Arabidopsis, allowing replicable, statistically valid, high throughput genotyping and selective phenotyping experiments. Combining the model plant MicroTom with advanced tissue culture methods makes it possible to study bonsai-style MicroTom responses to light, temperature, and atmospheric stimuli in the absence of confounding abiotic stress factors that would otherwise be unachievable using conventional methods.
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15
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A Flashforward Look into Solutions for Fruit and Vegetable Production. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101886. [PMID: 36292770 PMCID: PMC9602186 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important challenges facing current and future generations is how climate change and continuous population growth adversely affect food security. To address this, the food system needs a complete transformation where more is produced in non-optimal and space-limited areas while reducing negative environmental impacts. Fruits and vegetables, essential for human health, are high-value-added crops, which are grown in both greenhouses and open field environments. Here, we review potential practices to reduce the impact of climate variation and ecosystem damages on fruit and vegetable crop yield, as well as highlight current bottlenecks for indoor and outdoor agrosystems. To obtain sustainability, high-tech greenhouses are increasingly important and biotechnological means are becoming instrumental in designing the crops of tomorrow. We discuss key traits that need to be studied to improve agrosystem sustainability and fruit yield.
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16
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Vignati E, Lipska M, Dunwell JM, Caccamo M, Simkin AJ. Options for the generation of seedless cherry, the ultimate snacking product. PLANTA 2022; 256:90. [PMID: 36171415 PMCID: PMC9519733 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript identifies cherry orthologues of genes implicated in the development of pericarpic fruit and pinpoints potential options and restrictions in the use of these targets for commercial exploitation of parthenocarpic cherry fruit. Cherry fruit contain a large stone and seed, making processing of the fruit laborious and consumption by the consumer challenging, inconvenient to eat 'on the move' and potentially dangerous for children. Availability of fruit lacking the stone and seed would be potentially transformative for the cherry industry, since such fruit would be easier to process and would increase consumer demand because of the potential reduction in costs. This review will explore the background of seedless fruit, in the context of the ambition to produce the first seedless cherry, carry out an in-depth analysis of the current literature around parthenocarpy in fruit, and discuss the available technology and potential for producing seedless cherry fruit as an 'ultimate snacking product' for the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Vignati
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Marzena Lipska
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Jim M Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Mario Caccamo
- NIAB, Cambridge Crop Research, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK.
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17
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Roles of Auxin in the Growth, Development, and Stress Tolerance of Horticultural Plants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172761. [PMID: 36078168 PMCID: PMC9454831 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin, a plant hormone, regulates virtually every aspect of plant growth and development. Many current studies on auxin focus on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, or on field crops, such as rice and wheat. There are relatively few studies on what role auxin plays in various physiological processes of a range of horticultural plants. In this paper, recent studies on the role of auxin in horticultural plant growth, development, and stress response are reviewed to provide novel insights for horticultural researchers and cultivators to improve the quality and application of horticultural crops.
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18
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Tian Y, Xin W, Lin J, Ma J, He J, Wang X, Xu T, Tang W. Auxin Coordinates Achene and Receptacle Development During Fruit Initiation in Fragaria vesca. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:929831. [PMID: 35873981 PMCID: PMC9301465 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.929831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In strawberries, fruit set is considered as the transition from the quiescent ovary to a rapidly growing fruit. Auxin, which is produced from the fertilized ovule in the achenes, plays a key role in promoting the enlargement of receptacles. However, detailed regulatory mechanisms for fruit set and the mutual regulation between achenes and receptacles are largely unknown. In this study, we found that pollination promoted fruit development (both achene and receptacle), which could be stimulated by exogenous auxin treatment. Interestingly, auxin was highly accumulated in achenes, but not in receptacles, after pollination. Further transcriptome analysis showed that only a small portion of the differentially expressed genes induced by pollination overlapped with those by exogenous auxin treatment. Auxin, but not pollination, was able to activate the expression of growth-related genes, especially in receptacles, which resulted in fast growth. Meanwhile, those genes involved in the pathways of other hormones, such as GA and cytokinin, were also regulated by exogenous auxin treatment, but not pollination. This suggested that pollination was not able to activate auxin responses in receptacles but produced auxin in fertilized achenes, and then auxin might be able to transport or transduce from achenes to receptacles and promote fast fruit growth at the early stage of fruit initiation. Our work revealed a potential coordination between achenes and receptacles during fruit set, and auxin might be a key coordinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Tian
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Xin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Juncheng Lin
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Tang
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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19
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Transcriptomic, Hormonomic and Metabolomic Analyses Highlighted the Common Modules Related to Photosynthesis, Sugar Metabolism and Cell Division in Parthenocarpic Tomato Fruits during Early Fruit Set. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091420. [PMID: 35563726 PMCID: PMC9102895 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenocarpy, the pollination-independent fruit set, can raise the productivity of the fruit set even under adverse factors during the reproductive phase. The application of plant hormones stimulates parthenocarpy, but artificial hormones incur extra financial and labour costs to farmers and can induce the formation of deformed fruit. This study examines the performance of parthenocarpic mutants having no transcription factors of SlIAA9 and SlTAP3 and sldella that do not have the protein-coding gene, SlDELLA, in tomato (cv. Micro-Tom). At 0 day after the flowering (DAF) stage and DAFs after pollination, the sliaa9 mutant demonstrated increased pistil development compared to the other two mutants and wild type (WT). In contrast to WT and the other mutants, the sliaa9 mutant with pollination efficiently stimulated the build-up of auxin and GAs after flowering. Alterations in both transcript and metabolite profiles existed for WT with and without pollination, while the three mutants without pollination demonstrated the comparable metabolomic status of pollinated WT. Network analysis showed key modules linked to photosynthesis, sugar metabolism and cell proliferation. Equivalent modules were noticed in the famous parthenocarpic cultivars ‘Severianin’, particularly for emasculated samples. Our discovery indicates that controlling the genes and metabolites proffers future breeding policies for tomatoes.
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20
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Evaluation and Genetic Analysis of Parthenocarpic Germplasms in Cucumber. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020225. [PMID: 35205270 PMCID: PMC8872377 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenocarpy is an important agronomic trait in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production. However, the systematic identification of parthenocarpic germplasms from national gene banks for cucumber improvement remains an international challenge. In this study, 201 cucumber lines were investigated, including different ecotypes. The percentages of parthenocarpic fruit set (PFS) and parthenocarpic fruit expansion (PFE) were evaluated in three experiments. In natural populations, the PFS rates fit a normal distribution, while PFE rates showed a skewed distribution, suggesting that both PFS and PFE rates are typical quantitative traits. Genetic analysis showed that parthenocarpy in different ecotypes was inherited in a similar incompletely dominant manner. A total of 5324 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with parthenocarpy were detected in a Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of parthenocarpy in the 31 cucumber lines, from which six parthenocarpic loci, including two novel loci (Pfs1.1 and Pfs4.1), were identified. Consequently, fifteen of the elite lines that were screened presented relatively stronger parthenocarpy ability (PFS > 90%, PFE > 50%), among which six cucumber lines (18007s, 18008s, 18022s, 18076s, 18099s, and 18127s) exhibited weak first-fruit inhibition. Three lines (18011s, 18018s, and 18019s) were screened for super ovary parthenocarpy, which showed more attractive performance. Four low-temperature-enhanced parthenocarpy lines (18018s, 18022s, 18029s, and 18012s) were identified, which were suited for breeding for counter-season production. Our approaches could help increase efficiency and lead to parthenocarpy improvements for modern cucumber cultivars.
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21
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He H, Yamamuro C. Interplays between auxin and GA signaling coordinate early fruit development. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab078. [PMID: 35043212 PMCID: PMC8955447 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones and their interactions are critical for fruit development and, are key topics in horticulture research. Auxin, together with gibberellic acid (GA), promotes cell division and expansion, thus subsequently regulates fruit development and enlargement after fertilization. Auxin and GA related mutants show parthenocarpy (fruit formation without fertilization of ovule) in many plant species, indicating that these hormones and possibly their interactions play a key role in the regulation of fruit initiation and development. Recent studies have shown clear molecular and genetic evidence that ARF/IAA and DELLA protein interact each other and regulate both auxin and GA signaling pathways in response to auxin and GA during fruit growth in horticultural plants, tomato (the most studied freshy fruit) and strawberry (the model of Rosaceae). These recent findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which plant hormones auxin and GA regulate fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai He
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Chizuko Yamamuro
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
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22
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Fan Y, Wei X, Lai D, Yang H, Feng L, Li L, Niu K, Chen L, Xiang D, Ruan J, Yan J, Cheng J. Genome-wide investigation of the GRAS transcription factor family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:508. [PMID: 34732123 PMCID: PMC8565077 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GRAS transcription factors perform indispensable functions in various biological processes, such as plant growth, fruit development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The development of whole-genome sequencing has allowed the GRAS gene family to be identified and characterized in many species. However, thorough in-depth identification or systematic analysis of GRAS family genes in foxtail millet has not been conducted. RESULTS In this study, 57 GRAS genes of foxtail millet (SiGRASs) were identified and renamed according to the chromosomal distribution of the SiGRAS genes. Based on the number of conserved domains and gene structure, the SiGRAS genes were divided into 13 subfamilies via phylogenetic tree analysis. The GRAS genes were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes, and members of the same subfamily had similar gene structures and motif compositions. Genetic structure analysis showed that most SiGRAS genes lacked introns. Some SiGRAS genes were derived from gene duplication events, and segmental duplications may have contributed more to GRAS gene family expansion than tandem duplications. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed significant differences in the expression of SiGRAS genes in different tissues and stages of fruits development, which indicated the complexity of the physiological functions of SiGRAS. In addition, exogenous paclobutrazol treatment significantly altered the transcription levels of DELLA subfamily members, downregulated the gibberellin content, and decreased the plant height of foxtail millet, while it increased the fruit weight. In addition, SiGRAS13 and SiGRAS25 may have the potential for genetic improvement and functional gene research in foxtail millet. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study will be helpful for further analysing the biological function of SiGRAS. Our results may contribute to improving the genetic breeding of foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobao Wei
- Guizhou provincial Center For Disease Control And Prevention, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dili Lai
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Feng
- Chengdu Institute of Food Inspection, Chengdu, 610030, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Li
- Henan university of technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Niu
- Henan university of technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Tianyi College, Mianzhu, 618200, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- School of Food and Biological engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- School of Food and Biological engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang W, Lin J, Li J, Zheng S, Zhang X, Chen S, Ma X, Dong F, Jia H, Xu X, Yang Z, Ma P, Deng F, Deng B, Huang Y, Li Z, Lv X, Ma Y, Liao Z, Lin Z, Lin J, Zhang S, Matsumoto T, Xia R, Zhang J, Ming R. Rambutan genome revealed gene networks for spine formation and aril development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1037-1052. [PMID: 34519122 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rambutan is a popular tropical fruit known for its exotic appearance, has long flexible spines on shells, extraordinary aril growth, desirable nutrition, and a favorable taste. The genome of an elite rambutan cultivar Baoyan 7 was assembled into 328 Mb in 16 pseudo-chromosomes. Comparative genomics analysis between rambutan and lychee revealed that rambutan chromosomes 8 and 12 are collinear with lychee chromosome 1, which resulted in a chromosome fission event in rambutan (n = 16) or a fusion event in lychee (n = 15) after their divergence from a common ancestor 15.7 million years ago. Root development genes played a crucial role in spine development, such as endoplasmic reticulum pathway genes, jasmonic acid response genes, vascular bundle development genes, and K+ transport genes. Aril development was regulated by D-class genes (STK and SHP1), plant hormone and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes, and sugar metabolism genes. The lower rate of male sterility of hermaphroditic flowers appears to be regulated by MYB24. Population genomic analyses revealed genes in selective sweeps during domestication that are related to fruit morphology and environment stress response. These findings enhance our understanding of spine and aril development and provide genomic resources for rambutan improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jishan Lin
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaoquan Zheng
- Fujian Fruit Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center for Longan and Loquat, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiaokai Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiuming Xu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Ziqin Yang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | - Panpan Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Ban Deng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yongji Huang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Zhanjie Li
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiaozhou Lv
- Tropical Crops Institute, Baoting, Hainan, 572311, China
| | - Yaying Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Zhenyang Liao
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Zhicong Lin
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Shengcheng Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Tracie Matsumoto
- USDA-ARS, Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Rui Xia
- Tropical Crops Institute, Baoting, Hainan, 572311, China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 6180, USA
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24
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Effects of Pollination Interventions, Plant Age and Source on Hormonal Patterns and Fruit Set of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Date palm is widely propagated through conventional offshoots. It is also produced through a tissue culture technique due to the limited number of offshoots produced throughout the course of a palm’s life. Being dioecious, it is a cross-pollinated tree that can be naturally or artificially pollinated. Tissue-cultured plants often have abnormal epigenetic or genetic changes that affect specific phenotypic characteristics. The growth of parthenocarpic fruits in date palms is mostly induced by hormonal imbalances in certain tissues. The major hormones in parthenocarpic fruits are auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA). Parthenocarpic, or abnormal fruit development, is an undesirable trait for date palm growers since it drastically reduces farm income. The current study was therefore conducted over two seasons to confirm previous observations and included conventional offshoot-derived trees (CO) and tissue culture-derived ones (TC) of the cultivar Barhee. According to the observed ratio of the fruiting abnormalities, two date palm tree ages were selected, i.e., 6 and 13 years. Two pollination interventions were used: pollination of naturally open female spathes (NOP) and pollination of forced open female spathes (FOP). Plant hormones, IAA, GA3, and ABA were identified just before pollination and at specific intervals after pollination for up to 85 days. The ratio of the abnormal fruit set was identified 5 days after pollination. Significant differences were observed in hormonal levels between tree ages as well as between tree propagation sources. Young TC trees (6-year-old) had high abnormal fruit sets compared to CO date palm trees that were the same age. During the early fruit growth and development phases, CO date palms had much higher amounts of IAA and GA3 than TC date palms. However, ABA concentrations were surprisingly higher in the TC trees during the early fruit growth stages, while it immediately decreased after pollination in the CO date palms. The ratio of abnormal fruits was significantly reduced in the 13-year-old TC date palms, and no differences were observed compared to the CO ones. The levels of IAA, GA3, and ABA hormones in both young and old date palms derived through CO or TC followed similar patterns. The critical observations regarding the ABA pattern in the old TC date palms (13-year-old) gradually dropped after pollination, which was identical to the CO ones, whereas it was the opposite in the young 6-year-old TC date palm plants.
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Mazzoni-Putman SM, Brumos J, Zhao C, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. Auxin Interactions with Other Hormones in Plant Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039990. [PMID: 33903155 PMCID: PMC8485746 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial growth regulator that governs plant development and responses to environmental perturbations. It functions at the heart of many developmental processes, from embryogenesis to organ senescence, and is key to plant interactions with the environment, including responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. As remarkable as auxin is, it does not act alone, but rather solicits the help of, or is solicited by, other endogenous signals, including the plant hormones abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonates, salicylic acid, and strigolactones. The interactions between auxin and other hormones occur at multiple levels: hormones regulate one another's synthesis, transport, and/or response; hormone-specific transcriptional regulators for different pathways physically interact and/or converge on common target genes; etc. However, our understanding of this crosstalk is still fragmentary, with only a few pieces of the gigantic puzzle firmly established. In this review, we provide a glimpse into the complexity of hormone interactions that involve auxin, underscoring how patchy our current understanding is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serina M Mazzoni-Putman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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26
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Xia X, Cheng X, Li R, Yao J, Li Z, Cheng Y. Advances in application of genome editing in tomato and recent development of genome editing technology. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2727-2747. [PMID: 34076729 PMCID: PMC8170064 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing, a revolutionary technology in molecular biology and represented by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has become widely used in plants for characterizing gene function and crop improvement. Tomato, serving as an excellent model plant for fruit biology research and making a substantial nutritional contribution to the human diet, is one of the most important applied plants for genome editing. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis, the re-evaluation of tomato genes essential for fruit ripening highlights that several aspects of fruit ripening should be reconsidered. Genome editing has also been applied in tomato breeding for improving fruit yield and quality, increasing stress resistance, accelerating the domestication of wild tomato, and recently customizing tomato cultivars for urban agriculture. In addition, genome editing is continuously innovating, and several new genome editing systems such as the recent prime editing, a breakthrough in precise genome editing, have recently been applied in plants. In this review, these advances in application of genome editing in tomato and recent development of genome editing technology are summarized, and their leaving important enlightenment to plant research and precision plant breeding is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xinhua Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Juanni Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yulin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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27
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Zhang S, Gu X, Shao J, Hu Z, Yang W, Wang L, Su H, Zhu L. Auxin Metabolism Is Involved in Fruit Set and Early Fruit Development in the Parthenocarpic Tomato "R35-P". FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671713. [PMID: 34408758 PMCID: PMC8365229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parthenocarpic tomato can set fruit and develop without pollination and exogenous hormone treatments under unfavorable environmental conditions, which is beneficial to tomato production from late fall to early spring in greenhouses. In this study, the endogenous hormones in the ovaries of the parthenocarpic tomato line "R35-P" (stigma removed or self-pollination) and the non-parthenocarpic tomato line "R35-N" (self-pollination) at four stages between preanthesis and postanthesis investigated, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). A nearly twofold IAA (indoleacetic acid) content was found in "R35-P" rather than in "R35-N" at -2 and 0 days after anthesis (DAA). Except at -2 DAA, a lower ABA (abscisic acid) content was observed in Pe (stigma removed in "R35-P") compared to that in Ps (self-pollination in "R35-P") or CK (self-pollination in "R35-N"). After pollination, although the content of GA1 (gibberellins acid 1) in CK increased, the levels of GAs (gibberellins acids) were notably low. At all four stages, a lower SA (salicylic acid) content was found in Ps and CK than in Pe, while the content and the change trend were similar in Ps and CK. The variation tendencies of JA (jasmonic acid) varied among Pe, Ps, and CK at the studied periods. Furthermore, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses of transcriptomic data identified 175 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to plant hormone signal transduction, including 63 auxin-related genes, 27 abscisic acid-related genes, 22 ethylene-related genes, 16 cytokinin-related genes, 16 salicylic acid-related genes, 14 brassinosteroid-related genes, 13 jasmonic acid-related genes, and 4 gibberellin-related genes at -2 DAA and 0 DAA. Our results suggest that the fate of a fruit set or degeneration occurred before anthesis in tomato. Auxins, whose levels were independent of pollination and fertilization, play prominent roles in controlling a fruit set in "R35-P," and other hormones are integrated in a synergistic or antagonistic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong (Ludong University), College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Institute of Vegetable, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Gu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingcheng Shao
- Institute of Vegetable, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Hu
- Institute of Vegetable, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wencai Yang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Shouguang, Shouguang, China
| | - Hongyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong (Ludong University), College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Luying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong (Ludong University), College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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Backiyarani S, Sasikala R, Sharmiladevi S, Uma S. Decoding the molecular mechanism of parthenocarpy in Musa spp. through protein-protein interaction network. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14592. [PMID: 34272422 PMCID: PMC8285514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Banana, one of the most important staple fruit among global consumers is highly sterile owing to natural parthenocarpy. Identification of genetic factors responsible for parthenocarpy would facilitate the conventional breeders to improve the seeded accessions. We have constructed Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network through mining differentially expressed genes and the genes used for transgenic studies with respect to parthenocarpy. Based on the topological and pathway enrichment analysis of proteins in PPI network, 12 candidate genes were shortlisted. By further validating these candidate genes in seeded and seedless accession of Musa spp. we put forward MaAGL8, MaMADS16, MaGH3.8, MaMADS29, MaRGA1, MaEXPA1, MaGID1C, MaHK2 and MaBAM1 as possible target genes in the study of natural parthenocarpy. In contrary, expression profile of MaACLB-2 and MaZEP is anticipated to highlight the difference in artificially induced and natural parthenocarpy. By exploring the PPI of validated genes from the network, we postulated a putative pathway that bring insights into the significance of cytokinin mediated CLAVATA(CLV)-WUSHEL(WUS) signaling pathway in addition to gibberellin mediated auxin signaling in parthenocarpy. Our analysis is the first attempt to identify candidate genes and to hypothesize a putative mechanism that bridges the gaps in understanding natural parthenocarpy through PPI network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthanthiram Backiyarani
- grid.465009.e0000 0004 1768 7371ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
| | - Rajendran Sasikala
- grid.465009.e0000 0004 1768 7371ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
| | - Simeon Sharmiladevi
- grid.465009.e0000 0004 1768 7371ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
| | - Subbaraya Uma
- grid.465009.e0000 0004 1768 7371ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
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29
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He M, Song S, Zhu X, Lin Y, Pan Z, Chen L, Chen D, Hu G, Huang B, Chen M, Wu C, Chen R, Bouzayen M, Zouine M, Hao Y. SlTPL1 Silencing Induces Facultative Parthenocarpy in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672232. [PMID: 34093628 PMCID: PMC8174789 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Facultative parthenocarpy is of great practical value. However, the molecular mechanism underlying facultative parthenocarpy remains elusive. Transcriptional co-repressors (TPL) act as a central regulatory hub controlling all nine phytohormone pathways. Previously, we proved that SlTPLs participate in the auxin signaling pathway by interacting with auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAAs) in tomato; however, their function in fruit development has not been studied. In addition to their high expression levels during flower development, the interaction between SlTPL1 and SlIAA9 stimulated the investigation of its functional significance via RNA interference (RNAi) technology, whereby the translation of a protein is prevented by selective degradation of its encoded mRNA. Down-regulation of SlTPL1 resulted in facultative parthenocarpy. Plants of SlTPL1-RNAi transgenic lines produced similar fruits which did not show any pleiotropic effects under normal conditions. However, they produced seedless fruits upon emasculation and under heat stress conditions. Furthermore, SlTPL1-RNAi flower buds contained higher levels of cytokinins and lower levels of abscisic acid. To reveal how SlTPL1 regulates facultative parthenocarpy, RNA-seq was performed to identify genes regulated by SlTPL1 in ovaries before and after fruit set. The results showed that down-regulation of SlTPL1 resulted in reduced expression levels of cytokinin metabolism-related genes, and all transcription factors such as MYB, CDF, and ERFs. Conversely, down-regulation of SlTPL1 induced the expression of genes related to cell wall and cytoskeleton organization. These data provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of facultative tomato parthenocarpy and identify SlTPL1 as a key factor regulating these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zanlin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojian Hu
- Laboratory Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Baowen Huang
- Laboratory Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mengyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Laboratory Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohammed Zouine
- Laboratory Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Zouine,
| | - Yanwei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Yanwei Hao,
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30
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Baranova EN, Chaban IA, Kurenina LV, Konovalova LN, Varlamova NV, Khaliluev MR, Gulevich AA. Possible Role of Crystal-Bearing Cells in Tomato Fertility and Formation of Seedless Fruits. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9480. [PMID: 33322169 PMCID: PMC7763322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal-bearing cells or idioblasts, which deposit calcium oxalate, are located in various tissues and organs of many plant species. The functional significance of their formation is currently unclear. Idioblasts in the leaf parenchyma and the development of crystal-bearing cells in the anther tissues of transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicon L.), expressing the heterologous FeSOD gene and which showed a decrease in fertility, were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The amount of calcium oxalate crystals was found to increase significantly in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type (WT) ones in idioblasts and crystal-bearing cells of the upper part of the anther. At the same time, changes in the size and shape of the crystals and their location in anther organs were noted. It seems that the interruption in the break of the anther stomium in transgenic plants was associated with the formation and cell death regulation of a specialized group of crystal-bearing cells. This disturbance caused an increase in the pool of these cells and their localization in the upper part of the anther, where rupture is initiated. Perturbations were also noted in the lower part of the anther in transgenic plants, where the amount of calcium oxalate crystals in crystal-bearing cells was reduced that was accompanied by disturbances in the morphology of pollen grains. Thus, the induction of the formation of crystal-bearing cells and calcium oxalate crystals can have multidirectional effects, contributing to the regulation of oxalate metabolism in the generative and vegetative organs and preventing fertility when the ROS balance changes, in particular, during oxidative stresses accompanying most abiotic and biotic environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N. Baranova
- Plant Protection Laboratory, N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;
- Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Inna A. Chaban
- Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ludmila V. Kurenina
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.V.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Ludmila N. Konovalova
- Plant Protection Laboratory, N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;
- Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia V. Varlamova
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.V.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Marat R. Khaliluev
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.V.V.); (M.R.K.)
- Agronomy and Biotechnology Faculty, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Gulevich
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.V.V.); (M.R.K.)
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How Hormones and MADS-Box Transcription Factors Are Involved in Controlling Fruit Set and Parthenocarpy in Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121441. [PMID: 33265980 PMCID: PMC7760363 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit set is the earliest phase of fruit growth and represents the onset of ovary growth after successful fertilization. In parthenocarpy, fruit formation is less affected by environmental factors because it occurs in the absence of pollination and fertilization, making parthenocarpy a highly desired agronomic trait. Elucidating the genetic program controlling parthenocarpy, and more generally fruit set, may have important implications in agriculture, considering the need for crops to be adaptable to climate changes. Several phytohormones play an important role in the transition from flower to fruit. Further complexity emerges from functional analysis of floral homeotic genes. Some homeotic MADS-box genes are implicated in fruit growth and development, displaying an expression pattern commonly observed for ovary growth repressors. Here, we provide an overview of recent discoveries on the molecular regulatory gene network underlying fruit set in tomato, the model organism for fleshy fruit development due to the many genetic and genomic resources available. We describe how the genetic modification of components of this network can cause parthenocarpy, discussing the contribution of hormonal signals and MADS-box transcription factors.
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Loss of function of the Pad-1 aminotransferase gene, which is involved in auxin homeostasis, induces parthenocarpy in Solanaceae plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12784-12790. [PMID: 32461365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001211117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit development normally occurs after pollination and fertilization; however, in parthenocarpic plants, the ovary grows into the fruit without pollination and/or fertilization. Parthenocarpy has been recognized as a highly attractive agronomic trait because it could stabilize fruit yield under unfavorable environmental conditions. Although natural parthenocarpic varieties are useful for breeding Solanaceae plants, their use has been limited, and little is known about their molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Here, we report a parthenocarpic eggplant mutant, pad-1, which accumulates high levels of auxin in the ovaries. Map-based cloning showed that the wild-type (WT) Pad-1 gene encoded an aminotransferase with similarity to Arabidopsis VAS1 gene, which is involved in auxin homeostasis. Recombinant Pad-1 protein catalyzed the conversion of indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA) to tryptophan (Trp), which is a reverse reaction of auxin biosynthetic enzymes, tryptophan aminotransferases (TAA1/TARs). The RNA level of Pad-1 gene increased during ovary development and reached its highest level at anthesis stage in WT. This suggests that the role of Pad-1 in WT unpollinated ovary is to prevent overaccumulation of IAA resulting in precocious fruit-set. Furthermore, suppression of the orthologous genes of Pad-1 induced parthenocarpic fruit development in tomato and pepper plants. Our results demonstrated that the use of pad-1 genes would be powerful tools to improve fruit production of Solanaceae plants.
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Chaban I, Baranova E, Kononenko N, Khaliluev M, Smirnova E. Distinct Differentiation Characteristics of Endothelium Determine Its Ability to Form Pseudo-Embryos in Tomato Ovules. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E12. [PMID: 31861391 PMCID: PMC6982238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is an additional cell layer, differentiating from the inner epidermis of the ovule integument. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), after fertilization, the endothelium separates from integument and becomes an independent tissue developing next to the growing embryo sac. In the absence of fertilization, the endothelium may proliferate and form pseudo-embryo. However, the course of the reorganization of endothelium into pseudo-embryo in tomato ovules is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate specific features of endothelium differentiation and the role of the endothelium in the development of fertilized and unfertilized tomato ovules. The ovules of tomato plants ("YaLF" line), produced by vegetative growth plants of transgenic tomato line expressing the ac gene, encoding chitin-binding protein from Amaranthus caudatus L., were investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy. We showed that in the fertilized ovule of normally developing fruit and in the unfertilized ovule of parthenocarpic fruit, separation of the endothelium from integument occurs via programmed death of cells of the integumental parenchyma, adjacent to the endothelium. Endothelial cells in normally developing ovules change their structural and functional specialization from meristematic to secretory and back to meristematic, and proliferate until seeds fully mature. The secretory activity of the endothelium is necessary for the lysis of dying cells of the integument and provides the space for the growth of the new sporophyte. However, in ovules of parthenocarpic fruits, pseudo-embryo cells do not change their structural and functional organization and remain meristematic, no zone of lysis is formed, and pseudo-embryo cells undergo programmed cell death. Our data shows the key role of the endothelium as a protective and secretory tissue, needed for the normal development of ovules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Chaban
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow 127550, Russia; (I.C.); (E.B.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Baranova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow 127550, Russia; (I.C.); (E.B.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Neonila Kononenko
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow 127550, Russia; (I.C.); (E.B.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Marat Khaliluev
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow 127550, Russia; (I.C.); (E.B.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya 49, Moscow 127550, Russia
| | - Elena Smirnova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow 127550, Russia; (I.C.); (E.B.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow 119234, Russia
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Dexter-Boone A, Humphry M, Shi R, Lewis RS. Genetic Control of Facultative Parthenocarpy in Nicotiana tabacum L. J Hered 2019; 110:610-617. [PMID: 31002335 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of parthenocarpy, the production of fruit without fertilization, in multiple plant species could result in development of technologies for conferring seedless fruits and increased stability of fruit formation in economically important plants. We studied parthenocarpy in the model species Nicotiana tabacum L., and observed variability for expression of the trait among diverse genetic materials. Parthenocarpy was found to be partially dominant, and a single major quantitative trait locus on linkage group 22 was found to control the trait in a doubled haploid mapping population derived from a cross between parthenocarpic cigar tobacco cultivar "Beinhart 1000" and nonparthenocarpic flue-cured tobacco cultivar, "Hicks." The same genomic region was found to be involved with control of the trait in the important flue-cured tobacco cultivar, "K326." We also investigated the potential for the production of maternal haploids due to parthenogenesis in parthenocarpic tobacco seed capsules. Maternal haploids were not observed in parthenocarpic capsules, suggesting a requirement of fertilization for maternal haploid production due to parthenogenesis in N. tabacum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Dexter-Boone
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Matt Humphry
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Ramsey S Lewis
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Wen B, Song W, Sun M, Chen M, Mu Q, Zhang X, Wu Q, Chen X, Gao D, Wu H. Identification and characterization of cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus G. Don) genes responding to parthenocarpy induced by GA3 through transcriptome analysis. BMC Genet 2019; 20:65. [PMID: 31370778 PMCID: PMC6670208 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fruit set after successful pollination is key for the production of sweet cherries, and a low fruit-setting rate is the main problem in production of this crop. As gibberellin treatment can directly induce parthenogenesis and satisfy the hormone requirement during fruit growth and development, such treatment is an important strategy for improving the fruit-setting rate of sweet cherries. Previous studies have mainly focused on physiological aspects, such as fruit quality, fruit size, and anatomical structure, whereas the molecular mechanism remains clear. Results In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of ‘Meizao’ sweet cherry fruit treated with gibberellin during the anthesis and hard-core periods to identify genes associated with parthenocarpic fruit set. A total of 25,341 genes were identified at the anthesis and hard-core stages, 765 (681 upregulated, 84 downregulated) and 186 (141 upregulated, 45 downregulated) of which were significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the anthesis and the hard-core stages after gibberellin 3 (GA3) treatment, respectively. Based on DEGs between the control and GA3 treatments, the GA3 response mainly involves parthenocarpic fruit set and cell division. Exogenous gibberellin stimulated sweet cherry fruit parthenocarpy and enlargement, as verified by qRT-PCR results of related genes as well as the parthenocarpic fruit set and fruit size. Based on our research and previous studies in Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified key genes associated with parthenocarpic fruit set and cell division. Interestingly, we observed patterns among sweet cherry fruit setting-related DEGs, especially those associated with hormone balance, cytoskeleton formation and cell wall modification. Conclusions Overall, the result provides a possible molecular mechanism regulating parthenocarpic fruit set that will be important for basic research and industrial development of sweet cherries. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-019-0746-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wenliang Song
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qin Mu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qijie Wu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Dongsheng Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China. .,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Hongyu Wu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China. .,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Chai P, Dong S, Chai L, Chen S, Flaishman M, Ma H. Cytokinin-induced parthenocarpy of San Pedro type fig (Ficus carica L.) main crop: explained by phytohormone assay and transcriptomic network comparison. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:329-346. [PMID: 30656555 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CPPU-induced San Pedro type fig main crop parthenocarpy exhibited constantly increasing IAA content and more significantly enriched KEGG pathways in the receptacle than in female flowers. N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea (CPPU) was applied to San Pedro fig (Ficus carica L.) main crop to induce parthenocarpy; the optimal effect was obtained with 25 mg L-1 application to syconia when female flowers were at anthesis. To elucidate the key expression changes in parthenocarpy conversion, significant changes in phytohormone level and transcriptome of fig female flowers and receptacles were monitored. HPLC-MS revealed increased IAA content in female flowers and receptacle 2, 4 and 10 days after treatment (DAT), decreased zeatin level in the receptacle 2, 4 and 10 DAT, decreased GA3 content 2 and 4 DAT, and increased GA3 content 10 DAT. ABA level increased 2 and 4 DAT, and decreased 10 DAT. CPPU-treated syconia released more ethylene than the control except 2 DAT. RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis revealed notably more differentially expressed KEGG pathways in the receptacle than in female flowers. In the phytohormone gene network, GA-biosynthesis genes GA20ox and GA3ox were upregulated, along with GA signal-transduction genes GID1 and GID2, and IAA-signaling genes AUX/IAA and GH3. ABA-biosynthesis gene NCED and signaling genes PP2C and ABF were downregulated 10 DAT. One ACO gene showed consistent upregulation in both female flowers and receptacle after CPPU treatment, and more than a dozen of ERFs demonstrated opposing changes in expression. Our results revealed early-stage spatiotemporal phytohormone and transcriptomic responses in CPPU-induced San Pedro fig main crop parthenocarpy, which could be valuable for further understanding the nature of the parthenocarpy of different fig types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Dong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Chai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Moshe Flaishman
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Hormonal Regulation of Early Fruit Development in European Pear (Pyrus communis cv. ‘Conference’). HORTICULTURAE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae5010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
European pear requires inter-cultivar cross-pollination by insects to develop fertilized fruits. However, some European pear cultivars such as ‘Conference’ naturally produce parthenocarpic seedless fruits. To better understand the hormonal regulation of fruit set and early fruit development in this European pear cultivar, the phytohormone and polyamine profiles in ‘Conference’ flowers and fruits resulting from both fertilization and parthenocarpic processes were analyzed. The expression of genes involved in phytohormone metabolism and signaling were also investigated. Phytohormone profiles differed more at flower stage 3 days after treatment than in 15 day- and 30-day-old fruits in response to fertilization and parthenocarpy. An increase in auxins, abscisic acid, ethylene precursor, and spermine, and a decrease in putrescine were recorded in the fertilized flowers as compared to the parthenocarpic flowers. Fertilization also upregulated genes involved in gibberellin synthesis and down-regulated genes involved in gibberellin catabolism although the total gibberellin content was not modified. Moreover, exogenous gibberellin (GA3, GA4/7) and cytokinin (6BA) applications did not increase parthenocarpic induction in ‘Conference’ as observed in other European and Asian pear cultivars. We hypothesize that the intrinsic parthenocarpy of ‘Conference’ could be related to a high gibberellin level in the flowers explaining why exogenous gibberellin application did not increase parthenocarpy as observed in other pear cultivars and species.
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Picarella ME, Mazzucato A. The Occurrence of Seedlessness in Higher Plants; Insights on Roles and Mechanisms of Parthenocarpy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1997. [PMID: 30713546 PMCID: PMC6345683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy in a broad sense includes those processes that allow the production of seedless fruits. Such fruits are favorable to growers, because they are set independently of successful pollination, and to processors and consumers, because they are easier to deal with and to eat. Seedless fruits however represent a biological paradox because they do not contribute to offspring production. In this work, the occurrence of parthenocarpy in Angiosperms was investigated by conducting a bibliographic survey. We distinguished monospermic (single seeded) from plurispermic (multiseeded) species and wild from cultivated taxa. Out of 96 seedless taxa, 66% belonged to plurispermic species. Of these, cultivated species were represented six times higher than wild species, suggesting a selective pressure for parthenocarpy during domestication and breeding. In monospermic taxa, wild and cultivated species were similarly represented. The occurrence of parthenocarpy in wild species suggests that seedlessness may have an adaptive role. In monospermic species, seedless fruits are proposed to reduce seed predation through deceptive mechanisms. In plurispermic fruit species, parthenocarpy may exert an adaptive advantage under suboptimal pollination regimes, when too few embryos are formed to support fruit growth. In this situation, parthenocarpy offers the opportunity to accomplish the production and dispersal of few seeds, thus representing a selective advantage. Approximately 20 sources of seedlessness have been described in tomato. Excluding the EMS induced mutation parthenocarpic fruit (pat), the parthenocarpic phenotype always emerged in biparental populations derived from wide crosses between cultivated tomato and wild relatives. Following a theory postulated for apomictic species, we argument that wide hybridization could also be the force driving parthenocarpy, following the disruption of synchrony in time and space of reproductive developmental events, from sporogenesis to fruit development. The high occurrence of polyploidy among parthenocarpic species supported this suggestion. Other commonalities between apomixis and parthenocarpy emerged from genetic and molecular studies of the two phenomena. Such insights may improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying these two reproductive variants of great importance to modern breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Mazzucato
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies of Vegetable Crops, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Chaban I, Khaliluev M, Baranova E, Kononenko N, Dolgov S, Smirnova E. Abnormal development of floral meristem triggers defective morphogenesis of generative system in transgenic tomatoes. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1597-1611. [PMID: 29680904 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy and fruit malformations are common among independent transgenic tomato lines, expressing genes encoding different pathogenesis-related (PR) protein and antimicrobal peptides. Abnormal phenotype developed independently of the expression and type of target genes, but distinctive features during flower and fruit development were detected in each transgenic line. We analyzed the morphology, anatomy, and cytoembryology of abnormal flowers and fruits from these transgenic tomato lines and compared them with flowers and fruits of wild tomatoes, line YaLF used for transformation, and transgenic plants with normal phenotype. We confirmed that the main cause of abnormal flower and fruit development was the alterations of determinate growth of generative meristem. These alterations triggered different types of anomalous growth, affecting the number of growing ectopic shoots and formation of new flowers. Investigation of the ovule ontogenesis did not show anomalies in embryo sac development, but fertilization did not occur and embryo sac degenerated. Nevertheless, the ovule continued to differentiate due to proliferation of endothelium cells. The latter substituted embryo sac and formed pseudoembryonic tissue. This process imitated embryogenesis and stimulated ovary growth, leading to the development of parthenocarpic fruit. We demonstrated that failed fertilization occurred due to defective male gametophyte formation, which was manifested in blocked division of the nucleus in the microspore and arrest of vegetative and generative cell formation. Maturing pollen grains were overgrown microspores, not competent for fertilization but capable to induce proliferation of endothelium and development of parthenocarpic ovary. Thus, our study provided new data on the structural transformations of reproductive organs during development of parthenocarpic fruits in transgenic tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Chaban
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
| | - Marat Khaliluev
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
- Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya 49, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
| | - Ekaterina Baranova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
| | - Neonila Kononenko
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
| | - Sergey Dolgov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki 6, Pushchino, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation, 142290
| | - Elena Smirnova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550.
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119234.
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Takisawa R, Nakazaki T, Nunome T, Fukuoka H, Kataoka K, Saito H, Habu T, Kitajima A. The parthenocarpic gene Pat-k is generated by a natural mutation of SlAGL6 affecting fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:72. [PMID: 29699487 PMCID: PMC5921562 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parthenocarpy is a desired trait in tomato because it can overcome problems with fruit setting under unfavorable environmental conditions. A parthenocarpic tomato cultivar, 'MPK-1', with a parthenocarpic gene, Pat-k, exhibits stable parthenocarpy that produces few seeds. Because 'MPK-1' produces few seeds, seedlings are propagated inefficiently via cuttings. It was reported that Pat-k is located on chromosome 1. However, the gene had not been isolated and the relationship between the parthenocarpy and low seed set in 'MPK-1' remained unclear. In this study, we isolated Pat-k to clarify the relationship between parthenocarpy and low seed set in 'MPK-1'. RESULTS Using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for parthenocarpy and seed production, we detected a major QTL for each trait on nearly the same region of the Pat-k locus on chromosome 1. To isolate Pat-k, we performed fine mapping using an F4 population following the cross between a non-parthenocarpic cultivar, 'Micro-Tom' and 'MPK-1'. The results showed that Pat-k was located in the 529 kb interval between two markers, where 60 genes exist. By using data from a whole genome re-sequencing and genome sequence analysis of 'MPK-1', we could identify that the SlAGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (SlAGL6) gene of 'MPK-1' was mutated by a retrotransposon insertion. The transcript level of SlAGL6 was significantly lower in ovaries of 'MPK-1' than a non-parthenocarpic cultivar. From these results, we could conclude that Pat-k is SlAGL6, and its down-regulation in 'MPK-1' causes parthenocarpy and low seed set. In addition, we observed abnormal micropyles only in plants homozygous for the 'MPK-1' allele at the Pat-k/SlAGL6 locus. This result suggests that Pat-k/SlAGL6 is also related to ovule formation and that the low seed set in 'MPK-1' is likely caused by abnormal ovule formation through down-regulation of Pat-k/SlAGL6. CONCLUSIONS Pat-k is identical to SlAGL6, and its down-regulation causes parthenocarpy and low seed set in 'MPK-1'. Moreover, down-regulation of Pat-k/SlAGL6 could cause abnormal ovule formation, leading to a reduction in the number of seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihito Takisawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kizugawa, 619-0218 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kizugawa, 619-0218 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Nunome
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, Tsu, 514-2392 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fukuoka
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, 514-2392 Japan
| | - Keiko Kataoka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8566 Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kizugawa, 619-0218 Japan
- Present Address: Tropical Agriculture Research Front Japan International Research Center Agricultural Sciences, 1091-1, Kawarabaru, Aza Maezato, Ishigaki, Okinawa 907-0002 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Habu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8566 Japan
| | - Akira Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kizugawa, 619-0218 Japan
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Pérez‐Martín F, Yuste‐Lisbona FJ, Pineda B, Angarita‐Díaz MP, García‐Sogo B, Antón T, Sánchez S, Giménez E, Atarés A, Fernández‐Lozano A, Ortíz‐Atienza A, García‐Alcázar M, Castañeda L, Fonseca R, Capel C, Goergen G, Sánchez J, Quispe JL, Capel J, Angosto T, Moreno V, Lozano R. A collection of enhancer trap insertional mutants for functional genomics in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1439-1452. [PMID: 28317264 PMCID: PMC5633825 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With the completion of genome sequencing projects, the next challenge is to close the gap between gene annotation and gene functional assignment. Genomic tools to identify gene functions are based on the analysis of phenotypic variations between a wild type and its mutant; hence, mutant collections are a valuable resource. In this sense, T-DNA collections allow for an easy and straightforward identification of the tagged gene, serving as the basis of both forward and reverse genetic strategies. This study reports on the phenotypic and molecular characterization of an enhancer trap T-DNA collection in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which has been produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using a binary vector bearing a minimal promoter fused to the uidA reporter gene. Two genes have been isolated from different T-DNA mutants, one of these genes codes for a UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase involved in programmed cell death and leaf development, which means a novel gene function reported in tomato. Together, our results support that enhancer trapping is a powerful tool to identify novel genes and regulatory elements in tomato and that this T-DNA mutant collection represents a highly valuable resource for functional analyses in this fleshy-fruited model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pérez‐Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | | | - Benito Pineda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC)Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - María Pilar Angarita‐Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC)Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Begoña García‐Sogo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC)Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Teresa Antón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC)Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Sibilla Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC)Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Alejandro Atarés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC)Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Antonia Fernández‐Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Ana Ortíz‐Atienza
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Manuel García‐Alcázar
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Laura Castañeda
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Rocío Fonseca
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Carmen Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Geraldine Goergen
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC)Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Jorge Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC)Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Jorge L. Quispe
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Juan Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Trinidad Angosto
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC)Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL)Universidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
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da Silva EM, Silva GFFE, Bidoia DB, da Silva Azevedo M, de Jesus FA, Pino LE, Peres LEP, Carrera E, López-Díaz I, Nogueira FTS. microRNA159-targeted SlGAMYB transcription factors are required for fruit set in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:95-109. [PMID: 28715118 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The transition from flowering to fruit production, namely fruit set, is crucial to ensure successful sexual plant reproduction. Although studies have described the importance of hormones (i.e. auxin and gibberellins) in controlling fruit set after pollination and fertilization, the role of microRNA-based regulation during ovary development and fruit set is still poorly understood. Here we show that the microRNA159/GAMYB1 and -2 pathway (the miR159/GAMYB1/2 module) is crucial for tomato ovule development and fruit set. MiR159 and SlGAMYBs were expressed in preanthesis ovaries, mainly in meristematic tissues, including developing ovules. SlMIR159-overexpressing tomato cv. Micro-Tom plants exhibited precocious fruit initiation and obligatory parthenocarpy, without modifying fruit shape. Histological analysis showed abnormal ovule development in such plants, which led to the formation of seedless fruits. SlGAMYB1/2 silencing in SlMIR159-overexpressing plants resulted in misregulation of pathways associated with ovule and female gametophyte development and auxin signalling, including AINTEGUMENTA-like genes and the miR167/SlARF8a module. Similarly to SlMIR159-overexpressing plants, SlGAMYB1 was downregulated in ovaries of parthenocarpic mutants with altered responses to gibberellins and auxin. SlGAMYBs likely contribute to fruit initiation by modulating auxin and gibberellin responses, rather than their levels, during ovule and ovary development. Altogether, our results unveil a novel function for the miR159-targeted SlGAMYBs in regulating an agronomically important trait, namely fruit set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Marques da Silva
- Bioscience Institute, State University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Felipe Ferreira E Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Brussolo Bidoia
- Bioscience Institute, State University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Silva Azevedo
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences (LCB), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Frederico Almeida de Jesus
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences (LCB), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lilian Ellen Pino
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences (LCB), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences (LCB), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elío s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elío s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Fabio Tebaldi Silveira Nogueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
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43
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Comprehensive transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of pollinated and parthenocarpic litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruits during early development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5401. [PMID: 28710486 PMCID: PMC5511223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an important fruit that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, we used RNA-Seq and iTRAQ technologies to compare the transcriptomes and proteomes of pollinated (polLFs) and parthenocarpic (parLFs) litchi fruits during early development (1 day, 2 days, 4 days and 6 days). We identified 4,864 DEGs in polLFs and 3,672 in parLFs, of which 2,835 were shared and 1,051 were specifically identified in parLFs. Compared to po1LFs, 768 DEGs were identified in parLFs. iTRAQ analysis identified 551 DEPs in polLFs and 1,021 in parLFs, of which 305 were shared and 526 were exclusively identified in parLFs. We found 1,127 DEPs in parLFs compared to polLFs at different stages. Further analysis revealed some DEGs/DEPs associated with abscisic acid, auxin, ethylene, gibberellin, heat shock protein (HSP), histone, ribosomal protein, transcription factor and zinc finger protein (ZFP). WGCNA identified a large set of co-expressed genes/proteins in polLFs and parLFs. In addition, a cross-comparison of transcriptomic and proteomic data identified 357 consistent DEGs/DEPs in polLFs and parLFs. This is the first time that protein/gene changes have been studied in polLFs and parLFs, and the findings improve our understanding of litchi parthenocarpy.
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Klap C, Yeshayahou E, Bolger AM, Arazi T, Gupta SK, Shabtai S, Usadel B, Salts Y, Barg R. Tomato facultative parthenocarpy results from SlAGAMOUS-LIKE 6 loss of function. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:634-647. [PMID: 27862876 PMCID: PMC5399002 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The extreme sensitivity of the microsporogenesis process to moderately high or low temperatures is a major hindrance for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) sexual reproduction and hence year-round cropping. Consequently, breeding for parthenocarpy, namely, fertilization-independent fruit set, is considered a valuable goal especially for maintaining sustainable agriculture in the face of global warming. A mutant capable of setting high-quality seedless (parthenocarpic) fruit was found following a screen of EMS-mutagenized tomato population for yielding under heat stress. Next-generation sequencing followed by marker-assisted mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout confirmed that a mutation in SlAGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (SlAGL6) was responsible for the parthenocarpic phenotype. The mutant is capable of fruit production under heat stress conditions that severely hamper fertilization-dependent fruit set. Different from other tomato recessive monogenic mutants for parthenocarpy, Slagl6 mutations impose no homeotic changes, the seedless fruits are of normal weight and shape, pollen viability is unaffected, and sexual reproduction capacity is maintained, thus making Slagl6 an attractive gene for facultative parthenocarpy. The characteristics of the analysed mutant combined with the gene's mode of expression imply SlAGL6 as a key regulator of the transition between the state of 'ovary arrest' imposed towards anthesis and the fertilization-triggered fruit set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Klap
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Ester Yeshayahou
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | | | - Tzahi Arazi
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Suresh K. Gupta
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Sara Shabtai
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institut für Biologie IRWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Institut für Bio‐und Geowissenschaften 2 (IBG‐2) Plant SciencesForschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
| | - Yehiam Salts
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Rivka Barg
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
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45
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Rojas-Gracia P, Roque E, Medina M, Rochina M, Hamza R, Angarita-Díaz MP, Moreno V, Pérez-Martín F, Lozano R, Cañas L, Beltrán JP, Gómez-Mena C. The parthenocarpic hydra mutant reveals a new function for a SPOROCYTELESS-like gene in the control of fruit set in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1198-1212. [PMID: 28134991 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is an essential process to ensure successful sexual plant reproduction. The development of the flower into a fruit is actively repressed in the absence of pollination. However, some cultivars from a few species are able to develop seedless fruits overcoming the standard restriction of unpollinated ovaries to growth. We report here the identification of the tomato hydra mutant that produces seedless (parthenocarpic) fruits. Seedless fruit production in hydra plants is linked to the absence of both male and female sporocyte development. The HYDRA gene is therefore essential for the initiation of sporogenesis in tomato. Using positional cloning, virus-induced gene silencing and expression analysis experiments, we identified the HYDRA gene and demonstrated that it encodes the tomato orthologue of SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ) of Arabidopsis. We found that the precocious growth of the ovary is associated with changes in the expression of genes involved in gibberellin (GA) metabolism. Our results support the conservation of the function of SPL-like genes in the control of sporogenesis in plants. Moreover, this study uncovers a new function for the tomato SlSPL/HYDRA gene in the control of fruit initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rojas-Gracia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Edelin Roque
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Mónica Medina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Maricruz Rochina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Rim Hamza
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - María Pilar Angarita-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Fernando Pérez-Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Luis Cañas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - José Pío Beltrán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Concepción Gómez-Mena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
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46
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Ueta R, Abe C, Watanabe T, Sugano SS, Ishihara R, Ezura H, Osakabe Y, Osakabe K. Rapid breeding of parthenocarpic tomato plants using CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 2017; 7:507. [PMID: 28360425 PMCID: PMC5428692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenocarpy in horticultural crop plants is an important trait with agricultural value for various industrial purposes as well as direct eating quality. Here, we demonstrate a breeding strategy to generate parthenocarpic tomato plants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We optimized the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce somatic mutations effectively into SlIAA9-a key gene controlling parthenocarpy-with mutation rates of up to 100% in the T0 generation. Furthermore, analysis of off-target mutations using deep sequencing indicated that our customized gRNAs induced no additional mutations in the host genome. Regenerated mutants exhibited morphological changes in leaf shape and seedless fruit-a characteristic of parthenocarpic tomato. And the segregated next generation (T1) also showed a severe phenotype associated with the homozygous mutated genome. The system developed here could be applied to produce parthenocarpic tomato in a wide variety of cultivars, as well as other major horticultural crops, using this precise and rapid breeding technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Ueta
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Abe
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahito Watanabe
- Center for Collaboration among Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigeo S Sugano
- Center for Collaboration among Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ishihara
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuriko Osakabe
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keishi Osakabe
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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47
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Tu D, Luo Z, Wu B, Ma X, Shi H, Mo C, Huang J, Xie W. Developmental, chemical and transcriptional characteristics of artificially pollinated and hormone-induced parthenocarpic fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unpollinated ovaries of Siraitia grosvenorii grew parthenocarpically in response to the application of GA3 and CPPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Tu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zuliang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Hongwu Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Changming Mo
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants
- Nanning 530023
- China
| | - Jie Huang
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants
- Nanning 530023
- China
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48
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Lietzow CD, Zhu H, Pandey S, Havey MJ, Weng Y. QTL mapping of parthenocarpic fruit set in North American processing cucumber. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:2387-2401. [PMID: 27581542 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Through a novel phenotyping method, four QTLs were consistently associated with increased parthenocarpic fruit set in North American processing cucumber that accounted for over 75 % of observed phenotypic variation. Parthenocarpy is a desirable trait with potential for increasing yield and quality in processing cucumber production. Although many successful parthenocarpic fresh market cucumber varieties have been developed, the genetic and molecular mechanisms behind parthenocarpic expression in cucumber remain largely unknown. Since parthenocarpy is an important yield component, it is difficult to separate the true parthenocarpic character from other yield related traits. In the present study, we developed a novel phenotypic approach for parthenocarpic fruit set focusing on early fruit development. Two hundred and five F3 families derived from a cross between the highly parthenocarpic line 2A and low parthenocarpic line Gy8 were phenotypically evaluated in three greenhouse experiments. Seven QTLs associated with parthenocarpic fruit set were detected. Among them, one each on chromosomes 5 and 7 (parth5.1 and parth7.1) and two on chromosome 6 (parth6.1 and parth6.2) were consistently identified in all experiments, but their relative contribution to the total phenotypic variation was dependent on plant growth stages. While each of the four QTLs had almost equal contribution to the expression of the trait at commercial harvest stage, parth7.1 played an important role in early parthenocarpic fruit set. The results suggested that parthenocarpic fruit set can be accurately evaluated with as few as 20 nodes of growth. The QTLs identified in this study for parthenocarpic fruit set are a valuable resource for cucumber breeders interested in developing parthenocarpic cultivars and to researchers interested in the genetic and molecular mechanisms of parthenocarpic fruit set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin D Lietzow
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Huayu Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sudhakar Pandey
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 305, India
| | - Michael J Havey
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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49
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Knapp JL, Bartlett LJ, Osborne JL. Re-evaluating strategies for pollinator-dependent crops: How useful is parthenocarpy? J Appl Ecol 2016; 54:1171-1179. [PMID: 28781379 PMCID: PMC5516152 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Whilst most studies reviewing the reliance of global agriculture on insect pollination advocate increasing the ‘supply’ of pollinators (wild or managed) to improve crop yields, there has been little focus on altering a crop's ‘demand’ for pollinators. Parthenocarpy (fruit set in the absence of fertilization) is a trait which can increase fruit quantity and quality from pollinator‐dependent crops by removing the need for pollination. Here we present a meta‐analysis of studies examining the extent and effectiveness of parthenocarpy‐promoting techniques (genetic modification, hormone application and selective breeding) currently being used commercially, or experimentally, on pollinator‐dependent crops in different test environments (no pollination, hand pollination, open pollination). All techniques significantly increased fruit quantity and quality in 18 pollinator‐dependent crop species (not including seed and nut crops as parthenocarpy causes seedlessness). The degree to which plants experienced pollen limitation in the different test environments could not be ascertained, so the absolute effect of parthenocarpy relative to optimal pollination could not be determined. Synthesis and applications. Parthenocarpy has the potential to lower a crop's demand for pollinators, whilst extending current geographic and climatic ranges of production. Thus, growers may wish to use parthenocarpic crop plants, in combination with other environmentally considerate practices, to improve food security and their economic prospects.
Parthenocarpy has the potential to lower a crop's demand for pollinators, whilst extending current geographic and climatic ranges of production. Thus, growers may wish to use parthenocarpic crop plants, in combination with other environmentally considerate practices, to improve food security and their economic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Knapp
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
| | - Lewis J Bartlett
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter, Penryn Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
| | - Juliet L Osborne
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
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Gillespie C, Stabler D, Tallentire E, Goumenaki E, Barnes J. Exposure to environmentally-relevant levels of ozone negatively influence pollen and fruit development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:494-501. [PMID: 26284345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A combination of in vitro and in vivo studies on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Triton) revealed that environmentally-relevant levels of ozone (O3) pollution adversely affected pollen germination, germ tube growth and pollen-stigma interactions - pollen originating from plants raised in charcoal-Purafil(®) filtered air (CFA) exhibited reduced germ tube development on the stigma of plants exposed to environmentally-relevant levels of O3. The O3-induced decline in in vivo pollen viability was reflected in increased numbers of non-fertilized and fertilized non-viable ovules in immature fruit. Negative effects of O3 on fertilization occurred regardless of the timing of exposure, with reductions in ovule viability evident in O3 × CFA and CFA × O3 crossed plants. This suggests O3-induced reductions in fertilization were associated with reduced pollen viability and/or ovule development. Fruit born on trusses independently exposed to 100 nmol mol(-1) O3 (10 h d(-1)) from flowering exhibited a decline in seed number and this was reflected in a marked decline in the weight and size of individual fruit - a clear demonstration of the direct consequence of the effects of the pollutant on reproductive processes. Ozone exposure also resulted in shifts in the starch and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) content of fruit that were consistent with accelerated ripening. The findings of this study draw attention to the need for greater consideration of, and possibly the adoption of weightings for the direct impacts of O3, and potentially other gaseous pollutants, on reproductive biology during 'risk assessment' exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Gillespie
- Environmental and Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group, School of Biology, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Daniel Stabler
- Environmental and Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group, School of Biology, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Eva Tallentire
- Environmental and Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group, School of Biology, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Eleni Goumenaki
- Environmental and Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group, School of Biology, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jeremy Barnes
- Environmental and Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group, School of Biology, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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