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Arvanitakis Z, Capuano AW, Tong H, Mehta RI, Anokye-Danso F, Bennett DA, Arnold SE, Ahima RS. Associations of Serum Insulin and Related Measures With Neuropathology and Cognition in Older Persons With and Without Diabetes. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:665-676. [PMID: 38379184 PMCID: PMC11023784 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of serum insulin and related measures with neuropathology and cognition in older persons. METHODS We studied 192 older persons (96 with diabetes and 96 without, matched by sex and balanced by age-at-death, education, and postmortem interval) from a community-based, clinical-pathologic study of aging, with annual evaluations including neuropsychological testing (summarized into global cognition and 5 cognitive domains) and postmortem autopsy. We assessed serum insulin, glucose, leptin, adiponectin, hemoglobin A1C, advanced glycation-end products (AGEs), and receptors for advanced glycation-end products, and calculated the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and adiponectin-to-leptin ratio. Using adjusted regression analyses, we examined the associations of serum measures with neuropathology of cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease, and with the level of cognition proximate-to-death. RESULTS Higher HOMA-IR was associated with the presence of brain infarcts and specifically microinfarcts, and higher HOMA-IR and leptin were each associated with subcortical infarcts. Further, higher leptin levels and lower adiponectin-to-leptin ratios were associated with the presence of moderate-to-severe atherosclerosis. Serum insulin and related measures were not associated with the level of Alzheimer's disease pathology, as assessed by global, as well as amyloid burden or tau tangle density scores. Regarding cognitive outcomes, higher insulin and leptin levels, and lower adiponectin and receptors for advanced glycation-end products levels, respectively, were each associated with lower levels of global cognition. INTERPRETATION Peripheral insulin resistance indicated by HOMA-IR and related serum measures was associated with a greater burden of cerebrovascular neuropathology and lower cognition. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:665-676.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Rupal I Mehta
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Frederick Anokye-Danso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Dhanoo AS, Ramroach SK, Hill-Briggs F, Cockburn BN. Grading Acanthosis Nigricans Using a Smartphone and Color Analysis: A Novel Noninvasive Method to Screen for Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Spectr 2024; 37:139-148. [PMID: 38756432 PMCID: PMC11093771 DOI: 10.2337/ds23-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to develop ANcam, a novel method for identifying acanthosis nigricans (AN) using a smartphone camera and computer-aided color analysis for noninvasive screening of people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Research Design and Methods Adult and juvenile participants with or without diagnosed type 2 diabetes were recruited in Trinidad and Tobago. After obtaining informed consent, participants' history, demographics, anthropometrics, and A1C were collected and recorded. Three subject matter experts independently graded pictures of the posterior neck and upper back using the ANcam smartphone application and Burke methods. A correlation matrix investigated 25 color channels for association with hyperpigmentation, and the diagnostic thresholds were determined with a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results For the 227 participants with captured images and A1C values, the cyan/magenta/yellow/black (CMYK) model color channel CMYK_K was best correlated with IGT at an A1C cutoff of 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) (R = 0.45, P <0.001). With high predictive accuracy (area under the curve = 0.854), the cutoff of 7.67 CMYK_K units was chosen, with a sensitivity of 81.1% and a specificity of 70.3%. ANcam had low interrater variance (F = 1.99, P = 0.137) compared with Burke grading (F = 105.71, P <0.001). ANcam detected hyperpigmentation on the neck at double the self-reported frequency. Elevated BMI was 2.9 (95% CI 1.9-4.3) times more likely, elevated blood pressure was 1.7 (95% CI 1.2-2.4) times more likely, and greater waist-to-hip ratio was 2.3 (95% CI 1.4-3.6) times more likely with AN present. Conclusion ANcam offers a sensitive, reproducible, and user-friendly IGT screening tool to any smartphone user that performs well with most skin tones and lighting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Dhanoo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sterling K. Ramroach
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Brian N. Cockburn
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Garg UK, Mathur N, Sahlot R, Tiwari P, Sharma B, Saxena A, Jainaw RK, Agarwal L, Gupta S, Mathur SK. Abdominal fat depots and their association with insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295492. [PMID: 38064530 PMCID: PMC10707599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian-Indians show thin fat phenotype, characterized by predominantly central deposition of excess fat. The roles of abdominal subcutaneous fat (SAT), intra-peritoneal adipose tissue, and fat depots surrounding the vital organs (IPAT-SV) and liver fat in insulin resistance (IR), type-2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in this population are sparsely investigated. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Assessment of liver fat, SAT and IPAT-SV by MRI in subjects with T2D and MetS; and to investigate its correlation with IR, specifically according to different quartiles of HOMA-IR. METHODS Eighty T2D and the equal number of age sex-matched normal glucose tolerant controls participated in this study. Abdominal SAT, IPAT-SV and liver fat were measured using MRI. IR was estimated by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS T2D and MetS subjects have higher quantity liver fat and IPAT-SV fat than controls (P = 9 x 10-4 and 4 x 10-4 for T2D and 10-4 and 9 x 10-3 for MetS subjects respectively). MetS subjects also have higher SAT fat mass (P = 0.012), but not the BMI adjusted SAT fat mass (P = 0.48). Higher quartiles of HOMA-IR were associated with higher BMI, W:H ratio, waist circumference, and higher liver fat mass (ANOVA Test P = 0.020, 0.030, 2 x 10-6 and 3 x 10-3 respectively with F-values 3.35, 3.04, 8.82, 4.47 respectively). In T2D and MetS subjects, HOMA-IR showed a moderately strong correlation with liver fat (r = 0.467, P < 3 x 10-5 and r = 0.493, P < 10-7), but not with SAT fat and IPAT-SV. However, in MetS subjects IPAT-SV fat mass showed borderline correlation with IR (r = 0.241, P < 0.05), but not with the BMI adjusted IPAT-SV fat mass (r = 0.13, P = 0.26). In non-T2D and non-MetS subjects, no such correlation was seen. On analyzing the correlation between the three abdominal adipose compartment fat masses and IR according to its severity, the correlation with liver fat mass becomes stronger with increasing quartiles of HOMA-IR, and the strongest correlation is seen in the highest quartile (r = 0.59, P < 10-3). On the other hand, SAT fat mass tended to show an inverse relation with IR with borderline negative correlation in the highest quartile (r = -0.284, P < 0.05). IPAT-SV fat mass did not show any statistically significant correlation with HOMA-IR, but in the highest quartile it showed borderline, but statistically insignificant positive correlation (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION In individuals suffering from T2D and MetS, IR shows a trend towards positive and borderline negative correlation with liver fat and SAT fat masses respectively. The positive trend with liver fat tends to become stronger with increasing quartile of IR. Therefore, these findings support the theory that possibly exhaustion of protective compartment's capacity to store excess fat results in its pathological deposition in liver as ectopic fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kumar Garg
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Nitish Mathur
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Rahul Sahlot
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Pradeep Tiwari
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Balram Sharma
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Aditya Saxena
- Department of Computer Engineering & Applications, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Raj Kamal Jainaw
- Department of Surgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Laxman Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Shalu Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Mathur
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
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Kim J, Kim K. CT-based measurement of visceral adipose tissue volume as a reliable tool for assessing metabolic risk factors in prediabetes across subtypes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17902. [PMID: 37864066 PMCID: PMC10589349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a well-established risk factor for the development of diabetes in individuals with prediabetes. We aimed to evaluate various adiposity and metabolic indices, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume measured by CT, in individuals with prediabetes, based on their different subtypes. This retrospective study included 78 prediabetes individuals aged ≥ 20 years whose VAT volumes were evaluated by CT. Individuals were classified into prediabetes subtypes: impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined IFG and IGT (C-IFG/IGT). We conducted a comparison of the patients' adiposity indices and their associations with one other, as well as with insulin resistance, based on the different prediabetes subtypes. Individuals with C-IFG/IGT had higher levels of visceral obesity than those with IFG or IGT. VAT volume was more strongly associated with insulin resistance than other adiposity indices, regardless of prediabetes subtypes. Additionally, VAT volume and liver attenuation index showed a significant correlation with the other indices studied across the prediabetes subtypes. CT-based measurement of VAT volume may be a valuable tool for evaluating metabolic risk factors among individuals with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Meng J, Wang Y, Lv Z, Qiao X, Ye A, Zhu Q, Chen C. Redox-stress response resistance (RRR) mediated by hyperoxidation of peroxiredoxin 2 in senescent cells. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2280-2294. [PMID: 37160651 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging is closely related to redox regulation. In our previous work, we proposed a new concept, "redox-stress response capacity (RRC)," and found that the decline in RRC was a dynamic characteristic of aging. However, the mechanism of RRC decline during aging remains unknown. In this study, using the senescent human fibroblast cell model and Caenorhabditis elegans model, we identified that peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), as a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor, was involved in mediating RRC. PRDX2 knockdown led to a decline of RRC and accelerated senescence in fibroblasts and prdx-2 mutant C. elegans also showed decreased RRC. The mechanism study showed that the decreased sensor activity of PRDX2 was related to the increase in hyperoxidation of PRDX2 in senescent cells. Moreover, the level of PRDX2 hyperoxidation also increased in old C. elegans. Simultaneous overexpression of both PRDX2 and sulfiredoxin (SRX) rescued the reduced RRC and delayed senescence. The increase in PRDX2 hyperoxidation in senescent cells led to a decrease in its sensor activity, resulting in the decreased cellular response to H2O2, which is similar to the mechanism of insulin resistance due to the lower insulin receptor sensitivity. Treatment of young cells with a high level of H2O2 to induce a higher level of PRDX2-SO3 resulted in mimicking the RRC decline in senescent cells, which is also similar to a model of insulin resistance induced by high levels of insulin. All these results thrillingly indicate that there is an insulin-resistance-like phenomenon in senescent cells, we named it redox-stress response resistance, RRR. RRR in senescent cells is an important new discovery that explains RRC decline during aging and reveals the internal relationship between redox regulation and aging from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Meng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhenyu Lv
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Aojun Ye
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiaoli Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Waghmare SV, Shanoo A. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review With a Focus on Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Management. Cureus 2023; 15:e47408. [PMID: 38021970 PMCID: PMC10657909 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In females with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most prevalent endocrine condition is chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. This illness influences females from conception to death, posing several risks to the health of a female, thus reducing the quality of life. It also increases the rates of mortality and morbidity. The first years of puberty are when PCOS symptoms first show. Menstrual irregularities, anovulation, and acne are features of both PCOS and typical puberty in females. There are many various phenotypes that fall under the same illness, so it is necessary to examine each one independently because they may need different treatments and result in different outcomes. Depending on the diagnostic criteria, approximately 6%-20% of females in the reproductive age group are believed to be affected by PCOS. As long as PCOS is still a syndrome, no single diagnostic indicator, such as hyperandrogenism or polycystic ovary (PCO), can be used to make a clinical diagnosis. The management of females with PCOS depends on the symptoms. These could include menstruation problems, androgen-related symptoms, or infertility caused by ovulatory disruption. In females with PCOS, anovulation is linked to low follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and a halt in antral follicle growth during the last stages of maturation. The condition may be treated surgically with laparoscopic ovarian drilling or medically with medications such as aromatase inhibitors, metformin, glucocorticoids, clomiphene citrate (CC), tamoxifen, or gonadotropins. Patients will experience different androgenic symptoms, such as hirsutism, acne, and/or baldness. Patients who appear with these troubling symptoms need to receive appropriate care. The review emphasizes the role it plays in the management of various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrutika V Waghmare
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amardeep Shanoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Chen YK, Liu TT, Teia FKF, Xie MZ. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of obesity and diabetes and the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine: an overview of the literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1218880. [PMID: 37600709 PMCID: PMC10433171 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1218880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are closely related metabolic disorders that have become major public health concerns worldwide. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have explored the underlying mechanisms of these disorders and identified various risk factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been increasingly recognized for its potential to manage obesity and diabetes. Weight loss is difficult to sustain, and several diabetic therapies, such as sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and insulin, might make it harder to lose weight. While lifestyle changes should be the primary approach for people interested in lowering weight, drugs are also worth investigating. Since some of the newer glucose-lowering medications that cause weight loss, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), are additionally utilized or are under consideration for use as anti-obesity drugs, the frontier between glucose-lowering medication and weight loss drugs appears to be shifting. This review provides an overview of the literature on the underlying mechanisms of obesity and diabetes and the prospect of TCM in their management. We discuss the various TCM interventions, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, and dietary therapy, and their effects on metabolic health. We also highlight the potential of TCM in regulating gut microbiota, reducing inflammation, and improving insulin sensitivity. The findings suggest that TCM may provide a promising approach to preventing and managing obesity and diabetes. However, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of TCM interventions and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-kun Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ting-ting Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Farah Khameis Farag Teia
- Department of Agro-technology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Centre for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Meng-zhou Xie
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Mendoza C, Hanegan C, Sperry A, Vargas L, Case T, Bikman B, Mizrachi D. Insulin receptor-inspired soluble insulin binder. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151293. [PMID: 36739671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is a 320 kDa membrane receptor tyrosine kinase mediating the pleiotropic actions of insulin, leading to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates including serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), and IR autophosphorylation. Structural details of the IR have been recently revealed. A high-binding insulin site, L1 (Kd =2 nM), consists of two distant domains in the primary sequence of the IR. Our design simplified the L1 binding site and transformed it into a soluble insulin binder (sIB). The sIB, a 17 kDa protein, binds insulin with 38 nM affinity. The sIB competes with IR for insulin and reduces by more than 50% phosphorylation of AKT1 in HEK 293 T cells, with similar effects on IR autophosphorylation. The sIB represents a new tool for research of insulin binding and signaling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mendoza
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Cameron Hanegan
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Alek Sperry
- Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Logan Vargas
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Trevor Case
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Benjamin Bikman
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Dario Mizrachi
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States.
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Eldosoky MA, Hammad R, Elmadbouly AA, Aglan RB, Abdel-Hamid SG, Alboraie M, Hassan DA, Shaheen MA, Rushdi A, Ahmed RM, Abdelbadea A, Abdelmageed NA, Elshafei A, Ali E, Abo-Elkheir OI, Zaky S, Hamdy NM, Lambert C. Diagnostic Significance of hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-192-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-199a-5p Panel and Ratios in Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Top of Liver Cirrhosis in HCV-Infected Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043157. [PMID: 36834570 PMCID: PMC9962339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis is challenging. Moreover, for patients with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative HCC, this challenge is augmented. MicroRNAs (miRs) profiles may serve as potential HCC molecular markers. We aimed to assess plasma homo sapiens-(hsa)-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-192-5p, and hsa-miR-199a-5p-expression levels as a panel of biomarkers for HCC in chronic hepatitis C virus (CHCV) patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), especially AFP-negative HCC cases, as a step toward non-protein coding (nc) RNA precision medicine. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 79 patients enrolled with CHCV infection with LC, subclassified into an LC group without HCC (n = 40) and LC with HCC (n = 39). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure plasma hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-192-5p, and hsa-miR-199a-5p. RESULTS Plasma hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p demonstrated significant upregulation, while hsa-miR-199a-5p demonstrated significant downregulation in the HCC group (n = 39) when compared to the LC group (n = 40). hsa-miR-21-5p expression was positively correlated with serum AFP, insulin, and insulin resistance (r = 0.5, p < 0.001, r = 0.334, p = 0.01, and r = 0.303, p = 0.02, respectively). According to the ROC curves, for differentiating HCC from LC, combining AFP with each of hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, and miR199a-5p improved the diagnostic sensitivity to 87%, 82%, and 84%, respectively, vs. 69% for AFP alone, with acceptable specificities of 77.5%, 77.5%, and 80%, respectively, and AUC = 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively vs. 0.85 for AFP alone. hsa-miR-21-5p/hsa-miR-199a-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p/hsa-miR-199a-5p ratios discriminated HCC from LC at AUC = 0.76 and 0.71, respectively, with sensitivities = 94% and 92% and specificities = 48% and 53%, respectively. Upregulation of plasma hsa-miR-21-5p was considered as an independent risk factor for HCC development [OR = 1.198(1.063-1.329), p = 0.002]. CONCLUSIONS Combining each of hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, and hsa-miR-199a-5p with AFP made it possible to identify HCC development in the LC patients' cohort with higher sensitivity than using AFP alone. hsa-miR-21-5p/hsa-miR-199a-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p/hsa-miR-199a-5p ratios are potential HCC molecular markers for AFP-negative HCC patients. hsa-miR-21-5p was linked, clinically and via in silico proof, to insulin metabolism, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and tumorigenesis in the HCC patients' group as well as for an upregulated independent risk factor for the emergence of HCC from LC in the CHCV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. Eldosoky
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
| | - Reham Hammad
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A. Elmadbouly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
| | - Reda Badr Aglan
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Donia Ahmed Hassan
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Shaheen
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Areej Rushdi
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Reem M. Ahmed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Alzahra Abdelbadea
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Neamat A. Abdelmageed
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshafei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Elham Ali
- Molecular Biology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Omaima I. Abo-Elkheir
- Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Samy Zaky
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Claude Lambert
- Cytometry Unit, Immunology Laboratory, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, 42100 Saint-Etienne, France
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Anshika, Pandey RK, Singh L, Kumar S, Singh P, Pathak M, Jain S. Plant bioactive compounds and their mechanistic approaches in the treatment of diabetes: a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing disease across the world; diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder in which blood glucose concentration level increases and continue for a prolonged period due to a decrease secretion of insulin or action, resulting in the disorder of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. The plant-related bioactive compounds have proven their efficacy with least toxicities and can be utilized for the disease treatment. Our objective is to elucidate the mechanism of action of plant bioactive compounds which can give future direction in diabetes treatment.
Main body
In this review paper, we briefly study more than 200 research papers related to disease and bioactive compounds that have therapeutic applicability in treatment. The plant contains many bio-active compounds which possess in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic effect which may be responsible for the hypoglycaemic property by inhibiting the digestive enzyme i.e. alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, by producing mimetic action of insulin, by reducing the oxidative stress, by showing antihyperglycemic activity and hypolipidemic activity, by inhibition of aldose reductase, and by increasing or enhancing glucose uptake and insulin secretion.
Conclusion
Our study revealed that terpenes, tannin, flavonoids, saponin, and alkaloids are important bioactive constituents for anti-diabetic activity. The mechanistic approach on alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, hypolipidemic activity, and AR inhibitory action clear-cut explain the therapeutic applicability of these bioactive compounds in disease. Plants that contain these bioactive compounds can be good drug candidates for future research on diabetes treatment.
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Recent Progress in Research on Mechanisms of Action of Natural Products against Alzheimer's Disease: Dietary Plant Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213886. [PMID: 36430365 PMCID: PMC9695301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable degenerative disease of the central nervous system and the most common type of dementia in the elderly. Despite years of extensive research efforts, our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of AD is still highly limited. Nevertheless, several hypotheses related to risk factors for AD have been proposed. Moreover, plant-derived dietary polyphenols were also shown to exert protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In this review, we summarize the regulatory effects of the most well-known plant-derived dietary polyphenols on several AD-related molecular mechanisms, such as amelioration of oxidative stress injury, inhibition of aberrant glial cell activation to alleviate neuroinflammation, inhibition of the generation and promotion of the clearance of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme activity, and increase in acetylcholine levels in the brain. We also discuss the issue of bioavailability and the potential for improvement in this regard. This review is expected to encourage further research on the role of natural dietary plant polyphenols in the treatment of AD.
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Cytotoxic T Cell Expression of Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor-1 (LAIR-1) in Viral Hepatitis C-Mediated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012541. [PMID: 36293412 PMCID: PMC9604124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis involves liver inflammation, therefore, despite successful treatment, hepatitis C virus (HCV) may progress to HCC from initiated liver cirrhosis. Cytotoxic T cells (Tcs) are known to be involved in HCV-related cirrhotic complications and HCC pathogenesis. The inhibitory checkpoint leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is expressed on Tcs. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether the Tc expression level of LAIR-1 is associated with HCC progression and to evaluate LAIR-1 expression as a noninvasive biomarker for HCC progression in the context of liver cirrhosis related to HCV genotype 4 (G4) in Egyptian patients’ peripheral venous blood liquid biopsy. A total of 64 patients with HCC and 37 patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in this case-controlled study, and their LAIR-1 expression on Tc related to the progression of liver cirrhosis was examined and compared to that of the apparently healthy control group (n = 20). LAIR-1 expression was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results: The HCC group had significantly higher LAIR-1 expression on Tc and percentage of Tc positive for LAIR-1 (LAIR-1+Tc%) than the HCV G4-related liver cirrhosis group. LAIR-1+Tc% was correlated with the HCC surrogate tumor marker AFP (r = 0.367, p = 0.001) and insulin resistance and inflammation prognostic ratios/indices. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that adding LAIR-1+Tc% to AFP can distinguish HCC transformation in the Egyptian patients’ cohort. Upregulated LAIR-1 expression on Tc could be a potential screening noninvasive molecular marker for chronic inflammatory HCV G4 related liver cirrhosis. Moreover, LAIR-1 expression on Tc may be one of the players involved in the progression of liver cirrhosis to HCC.
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Petrillo T, Semprini E, Tomatis V, Arnesano M, Ambrosetti F, Battipaglia C, Sponzilli A, Ricciardiello F, Genazzani AR, Genazzani AD. Putative Complementary Compounds to Counteract Insulin-Resistance in PCOS Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081924. [PMID: 36009471 PMCID: PMC9406066 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrine-metabolic disorder among women at reproductive age. The diagnosis is based on the presence of at least two out of three criteria of the Rotterdam criteria (2003). In the last decades, the dysmetabolic aspect of insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia have been taken into account as the additional key features in the etiopathology of PCOS, and they have been widely studied. Since PCOS is a complex and multifactorial syndrome with different clinical manifestations, it is difficult to find the gold standard treatment. Therefore, a great variety of integrative treatments have been reported to counteract insulin resistance. PCOS patients need a tailored therapeutic strategy, according to the patient’s BMI, the presence or absence of familiar predisposition to diabetes, and the patient’s desire to achieve pregnancy or not. The present review analyzes and discloses the main clinical insight of such complementary substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabatha Petrillo
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Semprini
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Tomatis
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Melania Arnesano
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Fedora Ambrosetti
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Christian Battipaglia
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sponzilli
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricciardiello
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea R. Genazzani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro D. Genazzani
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Insulin resistance in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 2022; 34:400-406. [PMID: 35796641 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Insulin resistance (IR) is a clinical condition due to the decline in the efficiency of insulin promoting glucose uptake and utilization. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on IR in children, focusing on its physiopathology, the most appropriate methods of measurement of IR, the assessment of risk factors, the effects of IR in children, and finally giving indications on screening and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS IR has evolved more and more to be a global public health problem associated with several chronic metabolic diseases. SUMMARY Detecting a correct measurement method and specific risk predictors, in order to reduce the incidence of IR, represents a challenging goal.
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15
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Lee CL, Liu WJ, Tsai SF. Development and Validation of an Insulin Resistance Model for a Population with Chronic Kidney Disease Using a Machine Learning Approach. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142832. [PMID: 35889789 PMCID: PMC9319821 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex syndrome without a definitive treatment. For these patients, insulin resistance (IR) is associated with worse renal and patient outcomes. Until now, no predictive model using machine learning (ML) has been reported on IR in CKD patients. Methods: The CKD population studied was based on results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the USA from 1999 to 2012. The homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was used to assess insulin resistance. We began the model building process via the ML algorithm (random forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGboost), logistic regression algorithms, and deep neural learning (DNN)). We compared different receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves from different algorithms. Finally, we used SHAP values (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to explain how the different ML models worked. Results: In this study population, 71,916 participants were enrolled. Finally, we analyzed 1,229 of these participants. Their data were segregated into the IR group (HOMA IR > 3, n = 572) or non-IR group (HOMR IR ≤ 3, n = 657). In the validation group, RF had a higher accuracy (0.77), specificity (0.81), PPV (0.77), and NPV (0.77). In the test group, XGboost had a higher AUC of ROC (0.78). In addition, XGBoost also had a higher accuracy (0.7) and NPV (0.71). RF had a higher accuracy (0.7), specificity (0.78), and PPV (0.7). In the RF algorithm, the body mass index had a much larger impact on IR (0.1654), followed by triglyceride (0.0117), the daily calorie intake (0.0602), blood HDL value (0.0587), and age (0.0446). As for the SHAP value, in the RF algorithm, almost all features were well separated to show a positive or negative association with IR. Conclusion: This was the first study using ML to predict IR in patients with CKD. Our results showed that the RF algorithm had the best AUC of ROC and the best SHAP value differentiation. This was also the first study that included both macronutrients and micronutrients. We concluded that ML algorithms, particularly RF, can help determine risk factors and predict IR in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan;
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan;
| | - Shang-Feng Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-(64)-23592525 (ext. 3046); Fax: +88-(64)-23594980
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16
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Could the PON1 phenotype play a key role in insulin resistance? Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Sarwar H, Rafiqi SI, Ahmad S, Jinna S, Khan SA, Karim T, Qureshi O, Zahid ZA, Elhai JD, Levine JC, Naqvi SJ, Jaume JC, Imam S. Hyperinsulinemia Associated Depression. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 15:11795514221090244. [PMID: 35494421 PMCID: PMC9039439 DOI: 10.1177/11795514221090244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia promotes fat accumulation, causing obesity. Being an inflammatory state, obesity can induce further inflammation and is a risk factor for HPA (hypothalamic pituitary axis) dysregulation through hypercortisolism-related hyperglycemia. In another hypothesis, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a significant role in the regulation of hormone secretion from the pancreas such as an increase in catecholamines and glucagon as well as a decrease in plasma insulin levels, a disruption on SNS activity increases insulin levels, and induces glycogenolysis in the liver and lipolysis in adipose tissue during hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia-hyperinsulinemia exacerbates inflammation and increases the oxidative stress along with regulating the levels of norepinephrine in the brain sympathetic system. Increased inflammatory cytokines have also been shown to disrupt neurotransmitter metabolism and synaptic plasticity which play a role in the development of depression via inhibiting serotonin, dopamine, melatonin, and glutamate signaling. An increased level of plasma insulin over time in the absence of exercising causes accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes and striated muscles thus preventing the movement of glucose transporters shown to result in an increase in insulin resistance due to obesity and further culminates into depression. Further hyperinsulinemia-hyperglycemia condition arising due to exogenous insulin supplementation for diabetes management may also lead to physiological hyperinsulinemia associated depression. Triple therapy with SSRI, bupropion, and cognitive behavioral therapy aids in improving glycemic control, lowering fasting blood glucose, decreasing the chances of relapse, as well as decreasing cortisol levels to improve cognition and the underlying depression. Restoring the gut microbiota has also been shown to restore insulin sensitivity and reduce anxiety and depression symptoms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Sarwar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.,Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, West Indies
| | - Shafiya Imtiaz Rafiqi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Sruthi Jinna
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Sawleha Arshi Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.,Mercy Health - St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tamanna Karim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Omar Qureshi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.,American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Sint Maarten, Kingdom of the Netherlands
| | - Zeeshan A Zahid
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jason C Levine
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Juan C Jaume
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Shahnawaz Imam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Fritz J, Brozek W, Concin H, Nagel G, Kerschbaum J, Lhotta K, Ulmer H, Zitt E. The Association of Excess Body Weight with Risk of ESKD Is Mediated Through Insulin Resistance, Hypertension, and Hyperuricemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1377-1389. [PMID: 35500938 PMCID: PMC9257805 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInsulin resistance, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and hypercholesterolemia are hypothesized to be important intermediates in the relationship between excess body weight and CKD risk. However, the magnitude of the total effect of excess body weight on ESKD mediated through these four pathways remains to be quantified.MethodsWe applied a model for analysis of correlated mediators to population-based data from 100,269 Austrian individuals (mean age 46.4 years). Association of body mass index (BMI) was coalesced with ESKD risk into direct association. Indirect associations were mediated through the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (as an indicator of insulin resistance), mean arterial pressure (MAP), uric acid (UA), and total cholesterol (TC).ResultsMean follow-up was 23.1 years with 463 (0.5%) incident ESKD cases. An unhealthy metabolic profile (prevalence 32.4%) was associated with a markedly increased ESKD risk (multivariably adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 3.57; 95% CI, 2.89 to 4.40), independent of BMI. A 5-kg/m2 higher BMI was associated with a 57% increased ESKD risk (aHRtotal association, 1.57; 1.38 to 1.77). Of this association, 99% (76% to 140%) arose from all mediators jointly; 33% (22% to 49%) through TyG index; 34% (24% to 50%) through MAP; 30% (21% to 45%) through UA; and 2% (−1% to 4%) through TC. The remaining direct association was nonsignificant (aHRdirect association, 1.01; 0.88 to 1.14).ConclusionsTyG index, MAP, and UA, but not TC, mediate the association of BMI with ESKD in middle-aged adults. Our findings highlight that in addition to weight reduction, the control of metabolic risk factors might be essential in mitigating the adverse effects of BMI on kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Fritz
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Kerschbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Dialysis and Transplant Registry (OEDTR), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karl Lhotta
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Nephrology and Dialysis), Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Nephrology and Dialysis), Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
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Association of triglyceride-glucose index with clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1596. [PMID: 35102177 PMCID: PMC8803886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the cornerstone of recanalization therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), albeit with varying degrees of response. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a novel marker of insulin resistance, but association with outcomes among AIS patients who have received tPA has not been well elucidated. We studied 698 patients with AIS who received tPA from 2006 to 2018 in a comprehensive stroke centre. TyG index was calculated using the formula: ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. TyG index was significantly lower in patients that survived at 90-days than those who died (8.61 [Interquartile Range: 8.27–8.99] vs 8.76 [interquartile range: 8.39–9.40], p = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, TyG index was significantly associated with 90-day mortality (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.39–3.23, p = 0.001), poor functional outcome (OR: 1.41 95% CI: 1.05–1.90, p = 0.022), and negatively associated with early neurological improvement (ENI) (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52–0.89, p = 0.004). There was no association between TyG index and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. ‘High TyG’ (defined by TyG index ≥ 9.15) was associated with mortality, poor functional outcomes and no ENI. In conclusion, the TyG index, a measure of insulin resistance, was significantly associated with poorer clinical outcomes in AIS patients who received tPA.
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20
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Felipe Pereira R, Willian Lattari Tessarin G, Yamamoto Chiba F, Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera M, Gomes Pereira A, Verônica Saori Tsosura T, Gustavo Balera Brito V, Akira Fujii de Oliveira R, Ervolino E, Helena Penha de Oliveira S, Tavares Angelo Cintra L, Hissako Matsushita D. Apical periodontitis promotes insulin resistance and alters adaptive immunity markers in rats. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:979-986. [PMID: 34916766 PMCID: PMC8665232 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical lesions promotes higher T-bet expression and lower GATA3 and FOXP3 expression. Periapical lesion promotes increased GATA3 and decreased FOXP3 expression in the group with 4 periapical lesions (4PL) The adaptive immune system, with a predominance of the Th1 polarization, may be involved in the development of insulin resistance in rats with Periapical lesions.
Objective Apical periodontitis (AP) is a chronic or acute inflammatory disease usually developed from endodontic infections, predominantly due to gram-negative anaerobic bacteria invading the dental pulp. This study aimed to evaluate lymphocyte markers to assess the involvement of adaptive immunity in insulin resistance (IR) in a rat model of AP. Design. Forty-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups (control, 1AP and 4AP). AP was induced in the upper right first molar (1AP), and in the first and second upper and lower right molars (4AP). The spleen was collected to evaluate the expression of transcription factors involved in lymphocyte polarization, including T-bet (Th1), GATA3 (Th2), and FOXP3 (Treg). Blood samples were assessed for serum cytokine levels transcribed by the respective lymphocyte polarizations, INF-γ (Th1), IL-4 (Th2) and TGF-β (Treg). In addition, glucose and insulin levels were measured to evaluate IR by the HOMA-IR method. Results The results showed higher T-bet expression on AP groups, along with lower GATA3 and FOXP3 expression in the 1AP, in addition to increased GATA3 and decreased FOXP3 expression in the 4AP group compared to the CN group. There was no difference in the INF-γ levels, while IL-4 was decreased in the AP groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the adaptive immune system, with a predominance of the Th1 polarization, may be involved in the development of IR in rats with AP. Conclusions AP promotes increase in the expression of T-bet (4AP) and decrease of FOXP3 expressions and IL-4 levels (1AP and 4AP). However, depending on the number of lesions (1 or 4 lesions), the expression of GATA3 appears differently. Thus, innate immunity and adaptive immunity may contribute to the IR observed in rats with AP.
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Key Words
- 1AP, group with 1 apical periodontitis
- 4AP, group with 4 apical periodontitis (4AP)
- AP, Apical periodontitis
- Adaptive immunity
- Apical periodontitis
- Endodontics
- FOXP3, forkhead box P3
- GATA3, Binding protein 3
- IL-4, interleukin-4
- INF-γ, Interferon-gamma
- IR, Insulin resistance
- Insulin resistance
- T-bet, T-box transcription factor TBX21
- TGF-β, Transforming growth factor beta
- Th1, T helper 1
- Th2, T helper 2
- Treg, Regulatory T cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Felipe Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gestter Willian Lattari Tessarin
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,University Center North Paulista (UNORP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Yamamoto Chiba
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Gomes Pereira
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thais Verônica Saori Tsosura
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Akira Fujii de Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Doris Hissako Matsushita
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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21
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Roy A, Rajagopal P, Thangavelu L. Molecular docking analysis of compounds from Lycopersicon esculentum with the insulin receptor to combat type 2 diabetes. Bioinformation 2021; 16:748-752. [PMID: 34675460 PMCID: PMC8503771 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) contains bioactive compounds to combat type-2 diabetes. Therefore, it is of interest to document data from the molecular docking analysis of compounds from Lycopersicon esculentum with the insulin receptors to
combat type-2 diabetes. We report the binding features of cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid & glucoside with insulin receptors for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be Universiy) Chennai-600 078, India
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Chen Z, Liu L, Xi X, Burn M, Karakaya C, Kallen AN. Aberrant H19 Expression Disrupts Ovarian Cyp17 and Testosterone Production and Is Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1357-1367. [PMID: 34655046 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with serious conditions including anovulation, endometrial cancer, infertility, hyperandrogenemia, and an increased risk for obesity and metabolic derangements. One contributing etiology to the pathophysiology of hyperandrogenemia associated with PCOS is an intrinsic alteration in ovarian steroidogenesis, leading to enhanced synthesis of androgens including testosterone. Studies have suggested that the increased testosterone synthesis seen in PCOS is driven in part by increased activity of CYP17A1, the rate-limiting enzyme for the formation of androgens in the gonads and adrenal cortex, which represents a critical factor driving enhanced testosterone secretion in PCOS. In this work, we evaluated the hypothesis that dysregulation of the noncoding RNA H19 results in aberrant CYP17 and testosterone production. To achieve this, we measured Cyp17 in ovarian tissues of H19 knockout mice, and quantified serum testosterone levels, in comparison with wild-type controls. We also evaluated circulating and ovarian H19 expression and correlated results with the presence or absence of PCOS in a group of women undergoing evaluation and treatment for infertility. We found that the loss of H19 in a mouse model results in decreased ovarian Cyp17, along with decreased serum testosterone in female mice. Moreover, utilizing serum samples and cumulus cells from women with PCOS, we showed that circulating and ovarian levels of H19 are increased in women with PCOS compared to controls. Findings from our multimodal experimental strategy, involving both a mouse model of dysregulated H19 expression and clinical serum and ovarian cellular samples from women with PCOS, suggest that the loss of H19 may disrupt androgen production via a Cyp17-mediated mechanism. Conversely, excess H19 may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS-associated hyperandrogenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Haidian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Xi
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Martina Burn
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, PO Box 208063, New Haven, CT, 06512, USA
| | - Cengiz Karakaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Amanda N Kallen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, PO Box 208063, New Haven, CT, 06512, USA.
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23
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Alternative Dietary Patterns for Americans: Low-Carbohydrate Diets. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103299. [PMID: 34684300 PMCID: PMC8537012 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The decades-long dietary experiment embodied in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) focused on limiting fat, especially saturated fat, and higher carbohydrate intake has coincided with rapidly escalating epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) that are contributing to the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other diet-related chronic diseases. Moreover, the lack of flexibility in the DGA as it pertains to low carbohydrate approaches does not align with the contemporary trend toward precision nutrition. We argue that personalizing the level of dietary carbohydrate should be a high priority based on evidence that Americans have a wide spectrum of metabolic variability in their tolerance to high carbohydrate loads. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2D are conditions strongly associated with insulin resistance, a condition exacerbated by increased dietary carbohydrate and improved by restricting carbohydrate. Low-carbohydrate diets are grounded across the time-span of human evolution, have well-established biochemical principles, and are now supported by multiple clinical trials in humans that demonstrate consistent improvements in multiple established risk factors associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recently recognized a low carbohydrate eating pattern as an effective approach for patients with diabetes. Despite this evidence base, low-carbohydrate diets are not reflected in the DGA. As the DGA Dietary Patterns have not been demonstrated to be universally effective in addressing the needs of many Americans and recognizing the lack of widely available treatments for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2D that are safe, effective, and sustainable, the argument for an alternative, low-carbohydrate Dietary Pattern is all the more compelling.
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24
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Park SY, Gautier JF, Chon S. Assessment of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Resistance in Human. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:641-654. [PMID: 34610719 PMCID: PMC8497920 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The impaired insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance (or decreased insulin sensitivity) play a major role in the pathogenesis of all types of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is very important to assess the pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/ sensitivity to determine the type of DM and to plan an optimal management and prevention strategy for DM. So far, various methods and indices have been developed to assess the β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity based on static, dynamic test and calculation of their results. In fact, since the metabolism of glucose and insulin is made through a complex process related with various stimuli in several tissues, it is difficult to fully reflect the real physiology. In order to solve the theoretical and practical difficulties, research on new index is still in progress. Also, it is important to select the appropriate method and index for the purpose of use and clinical situation. This review summarized a variety of traditional methods and indices to evaluate pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity and introduced novel indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jean-François Gautier
- Department of Diabetes, Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC-9504), Lariboisière Hospital, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
- Jean-François Gautier, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6458-2001, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisière Hospital, University Paris 7, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, Paris 75010, France E-mail:
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Suk Chon, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-2989, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-dearo, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 02447, Korea E-mail:
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25
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Wang Y, Zeng Z, Zhao S, Tang L, Yan J, Li N, Zou L, Fan X, Xu C, Huang J, Xia W, Zhu C, Rao M. Humanin Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Human and Rat Model-Based Study. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab056. [PMID: 33693742 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is characterized by hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance (IR); however, the pathogenesis of local ovarian IR in PCOS remains largely unclear. Humanin, a mitochondria-derived peptide, has been reported to be associated with IR. Our previous study confirmed that humanin is expressed in multiple cell types in the ovary and is present in follicular fluid. However, it remains unknown whether humanin participates in the pathogenesis of local ovarian IR or whether humanin supplementation can improve IR in PCOS patients. In this study, we compared humanin concentrations in follicular fluid from PCOS patients with and without IR. We further investigated the effect of humanin analogue (HNG) supplementation on IR in a rat model of dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS. Humanin concentrations in the follicular fluid were found to be significantly lower in PCOS patients with IR than in those without IR. HNG supplementation attenuated both the increases in the levels of fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin in rats with PCOS and the decreases in phosphorylation of IRS1, PI3K, AKT, and GLUT4 proteins in the granulosa cells of these rats. Combined supplementation with HNG and insulin significantly improved glucose consumption in normal and humanin-siRNA-transfected COV434 cells. In conclusion, downregulated humanin in the ovaries may be involved in the pathogenesis of IR in PCOS, and exogenous supplementation with HNG improved local ovarian IR through modulation of the IRS1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a rat model. This finding supports the potential future use of HNG as a therapeutic drug for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Reproductive Health Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhengyan Zeng
- Department of General Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Nianyu Li
- Reproductive Health Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liping Zou
- Reproductive Health Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- Reproductive Health Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Reproductive Health Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Reproductive Health Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Reproductive Health Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Reproductive Health Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Rao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
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26
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Rehn S, Boakes RA, Badolato CJ, Rooney KB. Sex differences in recovery from cognitive and metabolic impairments induced by supplementary sucrose in rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 239:113515. [PMID: 34224781 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of beverages containing around 10% sucrose contributes to worldwide obesity. Studies using rats can increase understanding of the consequences of such consumption. The present experiment aimed to compare male and female rats, first, in terms of cognitive and metabolic impairments produced by excessive intakes of 10% sucrose solution (Stage 1:8 weeks) and, second, with regard to recovery once access to sucrose ceased (Stage 2:4 weeks). All animals had unrestricted access to chow and water throughout. The primary cognitive outcome was performance on a place recognition task. The primary metabolic outcome was retroperitoneal fat pad mass/kg bodyweight at cull, with body weight and glucose tolerance as secondary outcomes. In a 3 × 2 between-subject factorial design the first factor was whether rats had: (1) unlimited access to a 10% sucrose solution and water throughout both stages (Suc-Suc); (2) were switched from sucrose in the 8-week Stage 1 to water only in the 4-week Stage 2 (Suc-Water); or (3) had no access to sucrose in either stage (Water-Water). The second factor was sex. A major metabolic outcome was that of persistent adiposity in both males and females in the Suc-Water condition. As for place recognition, females in the Suc-Suc condition showed greater long-term resistance than males to the impact of excessive sucrose on spatial memory impairment. Overall, few sex differences were found in secondary metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rehn
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Kieron B Rooney
- Faculty of Health Science, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
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27
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Insulin Resistance in Association with Thyroid Function, Psychoemotional State, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073388. [PMID: 33805872 PMCID: PMC8036436 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Individuals with insulin resistance (IR) have a high risk of diabetes or metabolic syndrome, and they are more likely to have depression. Furthermore, IR by itself is a major cardiovascular risk factor in healthy persons. Thus, we aimed to investigate IR in association with thyroid function, psychoemotional state, and cardiovascular risk factors among 45–84-year-old citizens of Palanga. Methods: A randomized epidemiological study was performed with 850 subjects. All participants were evaluated for sociodemographic, clinical, and cardiovascular risk factors and biochemical analysis. IR was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Results: All study participants were stratified into groups without IR (HOMA-IR ≤ 2.7) and with IR (HOMA-IR > 2.7). The analysis of parameters between the two study groups showed some statistically significant relationships between IR and cardiovascular risk factors. The predictable accuracy was presented using receiver performance characteristic curves for HOMA-IR scores in women and men separately. If the HOMA-IR score is higher than 3.45, individuals are significantly more likely to have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Conclusions: An increase of fasting glucose and more frequent incidence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in subjects with IR are associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. There was no significant association between thyroid function and HOMA-IR. HOMA-IR cut-offs could predict the presence of T2DM.
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28
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Elliott JA, Reynolds JV. Visceral Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:627270. [PMID: 33777773 PMCID: PMC7994523 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.627270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) represents an exemplar of obesity-associated carcinogenesis, with a progressive increase in EAC risk with increased body mass index. In this context, there is increased focus on visceral adipose tissue and associated metabolic dysfunction, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, or combinations of these in the metabolic syndrome. Visceral obesity (VO) may promote EAC via both directly impacting on gastro-esophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus, as well as via reflux-independent effects, involving adipokines, growth factors, insulin resistance, and the microbiome. In this review these pathways are explored, including the impact of VO on the tumor microenvironment, and on cancer outcomes. The current evidence-based literature regarding the role of dietary, lifestyle, pharmacologic and surgical interventions to modulate the risk of EAC is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie A Elliott
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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ÖZDİN M, YAZAR H, MUNDAN D. Bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine Başvuran Hastaların HOMA-IR Değerlerinin Yaş ve Cinsiyet Faktörü Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNIVERSITESI TIP DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.17944/mkutfd.791428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Ahmad R, Singh JK, Wunnava A, Al-Obeed O, Abdulla M, Srivastava SK. Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 33655327 PMCID: PMC7834960 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer‑related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out of which 53,200 individuals would succumb to the disease in the USA alone in 2020. CRC‑related mortality ranks third among both males and females in the USA. CRC arises from 3 major pathways: i) The adenoma‑carcinoma sequence; ii) serrated pathway; and iii) the inflammatory pathway. The majority of cases of CRC are sporadic and result from risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, processed diets, alcohol consumption and smoking. CRC is also a common preventable cancer. With widespread CRC screening, the incidence and mortality from CRC have decreased in developed countries. However, over the past few decades, CRC cases and mortality have been on the rise in young adults (age, <50 years). In addition, CRC cases are increasing in developing countries with a low gross domestic product (GDP) due to lifestyle changes. CRC is an etiologically heterogeneous disease classified by tumor location and alterations in global gene expression. Accumulating genetic and epigenetic perturbations and aberrations over time in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA mismatch repair genes could be a precursor to the onset of colorectal cancer. CRC can be divided as sporadic, familial, and inherited depending on the origin of the mutation. Germline mutations in APC and MLH1 have been proven to play an etiological role, resulting in the predisposition of individuals to CRC. Genetic alterations cause the dysregulation of signaling pathways leading to drug resistance, the inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of proliferation, invasion and migration, resulting in CRC development and metastasis. Timely detection and effective precision therapies based on the present knowledge of CRC is essential for successful treatment and patient survival. The present review presents the CRC incidence, risk factors, dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaikee Kumar Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Amoolya Wunnava
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Omar Al-Obeed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Gosavi S, Sangamesh S, Ananda Rao A, Patel S, Hodigere VC. Insulin, Insulin Everywhere: A Rare Case Report of Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome. Cureus 2021; 13:e13126. [PMID: 33728143 PMCID: PMC7936575 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (RMS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe insulin resistance, a condition in which the body's tissues and organs do not respond appropriately to the hormone insulin. Insulin resistance impairs blood sugar regulation and ultimately leads to diabetes mellitus. A 19-year-old male presented with joint pain, blurring of vision, and generalized weakness. Investigations revealed hyperglycemia (random blood sugar (RBS) > 625 mg/dL, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 18%), as well as sugars, protein, and ketone bodies in urine routine examination. An ultrasound of the abdomen was normal. Cardiac status was normal. Based on the clinical features, particularly the head to toe examination, skin changes, and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, RMS syndrome was considered. The joint pain was alleviated with intravenous tramadol. Actrapid®, a fast-acting insulin, was given to control sugar levels, along with metformin. Vitamin B12 and pregabalin were also supplemented. A dermatological cream containing ammonium chloride, calcium lactate, glycerin, potassium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and urea was given for skincare. It is an extremely rare disease with a frequency of fewer than one million people worldwide. Most patients survive only up to 15 years of age, although some can live into their third decade of life. Hepatic gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation are affected, leading to ketoacidosis. The progression is much faster in RMS. In RMS, the genetic defect affects the insulin receptor (INSR) gene transcription with non-sense mutations and causes splicing defects. This results in premature chain termination and eventually to lower amounts of the insulin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Ultimately, the number and density of insulin receptors in the plasma membrane are smaller, making the cells resistant to insulin. Herein, we report the case of a 19-year-old patient with RMS who was treated in our hospital, leading to a successful improvement in symptoms and discharge of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Gosavi
- Internal Medicine, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra (JJM) Medical College, Davangere, IND
| | - Samarth Sangamesh
- Internal Medicine, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra (JJM) Medical College, Davangere, IND
| | - Amogh Ananda Rao
- Internal Medicine, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra (JJM) Medical College, Davangere, IND
| | - Suman Patel
- Internal Medicine, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra (JJM) Medical College, Davangere, IND
| | - Vishwakarma C Hodigere
- Internal Medicine, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra (JJM) Medical College, Davangere, IND
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Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological function leading to increase in the vulnerability to death. This deterioration process occurs in all living organisms and is the primary risk factor for pathological conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. Most of the age-related diseases have been associated with impairment of action of an important hormone, namely insulin. It is well-known that this hormone is a critical mediator of metabolism, growth, proliferation and differentiation. Insulin action depends on two processes that determine its circulating levels, insulin secretion and clearance, and insulin sensitivity in its target tissues. Aging has deleterious effects on these three mechanisms, impairing insulin action, thereby increasing the risk for diseases and death. Thus, improving insulin action may be an important strategy to have a healthier and longer life.
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Senoymak MC, Ozkan H. Evaluation of the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and HBV DNA Level in Patients with HBeAg-negative Chronic HBV Infection (Natural Course Phase 3). Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2021; 10:85-91. [PMID: 33511070 PMCID: PMC7801890 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with an increased risk of liver failure, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level, the marker of viral load in the host, is a parameter affected by host factors. In this study, we investigated the relationship between HBV DNA level and insulin resistance as a host factor. Methods In this study, 146 patients diagnosed with “HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection” (natural course phase 3, inactive carrier) according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) 2017 guidelines were retrospectively analyzed and demographic, anthropometric, histopathological, radiological and laboratory data of the patients were recorded. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels of the patients were calculated, and according to the value, the patients were divided into two groups as insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant. All parameters, including HBV DNA, were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results 77 patients (52.7%) were insulin resistant with a HOMA-IR value of 2.5 or more. The remaining 69 patients (47.3%) whose HOMA-IR value less than 2.5 were non-insulin resistant. The median HBV DNA was 410 IU in the insulin-resistant group and 350 IU in the other group, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups (p: 0.537). HBV DNA level was only positive correlated with HBsAg level and negatively correlated with anti-Hbs level and age (p < 0.005). Compared to the non-insulin resistant group, body mass index (BMI), presence of hepatosteatosis on ultrasonography (USG), fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, total protein, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), triglyceride (TG), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), uric acid level, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio were significantly higher and HDL levels were significantly lower in the insulin-resistant group (p < 0.005). GGT levels and TG/HDL ratio were found to be higher in patients with hepatosteatosis on ultrasonography than in patients without hepatosteatosis (p < 0.005). TG/HDL ratio was found to be an independent factor in predicting insulin resistance and every 1 unit increase of this ratio increases the risk of developing insulin resistance 2.1 times. Conclusion In this study, no significant relationship was found between insulin resistance and HBV DNA levels in chronic inactive HBV carriers. In addition, insulin resistance was observed more frequently in these patients compared to the general population, and insulin resistance was found to be associated with high BMI, hepatosteatosis rate, VLDL, TG, GGT, total protein, uric acid, TG/HDL ratio, and low HDL. TG/HDL ratio was found to be successful in predicting insulin resistance. How to cite this article Senoymak MC, Ozkan H. Evaluation of the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and HBV DNA Level in Patients with HBeAg-negative Chronic HBV Infection (Natural Course Phase 3). Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2020;10(2):85–91.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa C Senoymak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ozkan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Mak D, Ryan KA, Han JC. Review of Insulin Resistance in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Implications for the Pediatric Patient Short Title: Insulin Resistance DCM and Pediatrics. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:756593. [PMID: 34778146 PMCID: PMC8581153 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.756593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism in the heart is affected during states of dysfunction. Understanding how the heart utilizes substrates in cardiomyopathy may be key to the development of alternative treatment modalities. Myocardial insulin resistance has been proposed as a possible barrier to effective glucose metabolism in the heart. Extensive literature on the topic in adult individuals exists; however, review in the pediatric population is sparse. The pathophysiology of disease in children and adolescents is unique. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on insulin resistance in dilated cardiomyopathy while also filling the gap when considering care in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mak
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kaitlin A Ryan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joan C Han
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Lim DH, Shin KY, Han K, Kang SW, Ham DI, Kim SJ, Park YG, Chung TY. Differential Effect of the Metabolic Syndrome on the Incidence of Retinal Vein Occlusion in the Korean Population: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:15. [PMID: 33344059 PMCID: PMC7726586 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.13.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the impact of the metabolic syndrome (METS) on the incidence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods This is a retrospective cohort study using Korean National Health Insurance System data. 23,153,600 subjects without previous history of RVO underwent a National Health Screening Program examination between 2009 and 2012. They were monitored for RVO development (registration of diagnostic code for RVO) until 2015. Presence of METS was defined using the data from the National Health Screening Program examination according to the revised criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. A multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis was used to reveal hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval for RVO development in the presence of METS. Results The age of the subjects was 47.64 ± 13.51 years. In this cohort, 11,747,439 (50.7%) were male, 11,406,161 (49.3%) were female, and 6,398,071 subjects (27.6%) were diagnosed with METS. The overall incidence of RVO was 0.947 per 1000 person-years. The adjusted hazard ratio of RVO in the presence of METS was 1.458 (95% confidence interval, 1.440–1.475; P < 0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and income. Among all of the criteria for METS diagnosis, elevated blood pressure was the greatest risk for RVO development (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.610; 95% confidence interval, 1.589–1.631; P < 0.001). Conclusions METS and each of diagnostic criteria was associated with an increased risk of RVO development. Elevated blood pressure seems to be especially important factors for RVO development. Translational Relevance Our results provide information about the link between METS and RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hui Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Yoon Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seongnam Citizens Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Woong Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Il Ham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Velasco M, Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Larqué C, Sánchez-Zamora YI, Romo-Yáñez J, Hiriart M. Sexual dimorphism in insulin resistance in a metabolic syndrome rat model. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:890-902. [PMID: 33069157 PMCID: PMC7583132 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the sex-specific differences in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in muscle and adipose tissue, in a MS rat model induced by a high sucrose diet. METHODS Male, female, and ovariectomized female Wistar rats were randomly distributed in control and high-sucrose diet (HSD) groups, supplemented for 24 weeks with 20% sucrose in the drinking water. At the end, we assessed parameters related to MS, analyzing the effects of the HSD on critical nodes of the insulin signaling pathway in muscle and adipose tissue. RESULTS At the end of the treatment, HSD groups of both sexes developed obesity, with a 15, 33 and 23% of body weight gain in male, female, and OVX groups respectively, compared with controls; mainly related to hypertrophy of peripancreatic and gonadal adipose tissue. They also developed hypertriglyceridemia, and liver steatosis, with the last being worse in the HSD females. Compared to the control groups, HSD rats had higher IL1B and TNFA levels and insulin resistance. HSD females were more intolerant to glucose than HSD males. Our observations suggest that insulin resistance mechanisms include an increase in phosphorylated AKT(S473) form in HSD male and female groups and a decrease in phosphorylated P70S6K1(T389) in the HSD male groups from peripancreatic adipose tissue. While in gonadal adipose tissue the phosphorylated form of AKT decreased in HSD females, but not in HSD males. Finally, HSD groups showed a reduction in p-AKT levels in gastrocnemius muscle. CONCLUSION A high-sucrose diet induces MS and insulin resistance with sex-associated differences and in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrian Velasco
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Velasco or M Hiriart: or
| | - Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Larqué
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yuriko Itzel Sánchez-Zamora
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Romo-Yáñez
- Department of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología ‘Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes’, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Velasco or M Hiriart: or
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Song Y, Søndergaard E, Jensen MD. Unique Metabolic Features of Adults Discordant for Indices of Insulin Resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5837675. [PMID: 32413132 PMCID: PMC7286305 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Adipose Insulin Resistance index (ADIPO-IR) values are often concordant. In this study we evaluated whether there are groups discordant for HOMA-IR and ADIPOpalmitate-IR and, if so, what are their defining characteristics. METHODS The body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), fasting plasma lipids, insulin, glucose, and free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate concentrations data of 466 volunteers from previous research studies were abstracted and analyzed. The middle 2 population quartiles for HOMA-IR and Adipose Insulin Resistance index palmitate concentration (ADIPOpalmitate-IR) defined medium HOMA-IR and ADIPOpalmitate-IR (MH and MA), the top and bottom quartiles were defined as high/low HOMA (HH/LH), and high/low ADIPOpalmitate as HA/LA. Because ADIPOpalmitate-IR was significantly greater in women than in men, we established sex-specific quartiles for each index. We identified groups discordant for HOMA-IR and ADIPO-IR (HHMA, LHMA, MHHA, and MHLA). RESULTS Body fat and fasting triglycerides (TGs) were significantly greater with higher indices in the concordant groups (HHHA > MHMA > LHLA). MHHA differed from MHLA by visceral fat (P < .01) and fasting TGs (P < .05), whereas HHMA differed (P < .01) from LHMA by BMR. By multivariate regression, the group factor contributed to BMR (P < .01) and visceral fat (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Adults discordant for HOMA-IR and ADIPO-IR have unique features including differences in visceral fat, TGs, and BMR. This suggests different forms of insulin resistance are present, which should be considered when studying insulin resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Michael D. Jensen, MD, Mayo Clinic, Endocrine Research Unit, 200 1st Street SW, Rm 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, MN 55905. E-mail:
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Martins LM, Fernandes VO, de Carvalho MMD, Gadelha DD, de Queiroz PC, Montenegro RM. Type B insulin resistance syndrome: a systematic review. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:337-348. [PMID: 32813762 PMCID: PMC10522085 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A literature review on the clinical, laboratory, and treatment features of type B insulin resistance syndrome (TBIRS). Data from PubMed, the Virtual Health Library and Cochrane database were selected and analyzed using the REDCap application and R statistical program. From 182 papers, 65 were selected, which assessed 119 clinical cases, 76.5% in females and 42.9% in African-Americans, with an average age of 44 years. A common feature of TBIRS is co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (most frequently reported). Hyperglycemia of difficult control was the mostly reported condition. Tests for anti-insulin receptor antibodies were positive in 44.2% of the cases. Disease management comprised fractional diet, insulin therapy (maximum dose given was 57 600 IU/day), plasmapheresis and immunosuppression with several classes of drugs, mainly glucocorticoids. Remission occurred in 69.7% of cases, in 30.3% of these spontaneously. The mortality rate was 15.38%. There was an inverse relationship between anti-insulin antibodies and remission (p = 0.033); and a positive correlation between combined immunosuppressive therapy and remission (p = 0.002). Relapse occurred in 7.6% of the cases. This rare syndrome has difficult-to-control diabetes, even with high doses of insulin, and it is usually associated with autoimmune diseases. Therapeutic advances using immunomodulatory therapy have led to significant improvements in the rate of remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luizianne Mariano Martins
- Hospital Universitário Walter CantídioFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaCEBrasilHospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Virgínia Oliveira Fernandes
- Hospital Universitário Walter CantídioFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaCEBrasilHospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Manuela Montenegro Dias de Carvalho
- Hospital Universitário Walter CantídioFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaCEBrasilHospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Daniel Duarte Gadelha
- Hospital Universitário Walter CantídioFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaCEBrasilHospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Paulo Cruz de Queiroz
- Hospital Universitário Walter CantídioFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaCEBrasilHospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Renan Magalhães Montenegro
- Hospital Universitário Walter CantídioFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaCEBrasilHospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Pite H, Aguiar L, Morello J, Monteiro EC, Alves AC, Bourbon M, Morais-Almeida M. Metabolic Dysfunction and Asthma: Current Perspectives. J Asthma Allergy 2020; 13:237-247. [PMID: 32801785 PMCID: PMC7394599 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s208823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing knowledge of the mechanisms involved in metabolism is shifting the paradigms by which the pathophysiology of many pulmonary diseases is understood. Metabolic dysfunction is recognized in obesity-associated asthma, but other metabolic conditions have been shown to be independently related to asthma. Novel insights have also recently been brought by metabolomics in this filed. The purpose of this review is to discuss current perspectives regarding metabolic dysfunction in asthma, from obesity-related asthma to other metabolic conditions and the role of current pharmacological therapeutic strategies and lifestyle interventions. Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for asthma across the lifespan, which is generally associated with poorer response to current available treatments, rendering a more severe, refractory disease status. Besides the epidemiological and clinical link, untargeted metabolomics studies have recently supported the obesity-associated asthma phenotype at the molecular level. Not only obesity-related, but also other aspects of metabolic dysregulation can be independently linked to asthma. These include hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, which need to be taken into account, even in the non-obese patient. Untargeted metabolomics studies have further highlighted several other metabolic pathways that can be altered in asthma, namely regarding oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, and also suggesting the importance of microbiota in asthma pathogenesis. Considering the reduced response to corticosteroids, other pharmacologic treatments have been shown to be effective regardless of body mass index. Non-pharmacologic treatments (namely weight reduction and dietary changes) may bring substantial benefit to the asthmatic patient. Taken together, this evidence points towards the need to improve our knowledge in this filed and, in particular, to address the influence of environmental factors in metabolic dysfunction and asthma development. Personalized medicine is definitely needed to optimize treatment, including a holistic view of the asthmatic patient in order to set accurate pharmacologic therapy together with dietary, physical exercise and lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pite
- Allergy Center, CUF Infante Santo Hospital/CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.,CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Aguiar
- Allergy Center, CUF Infante Santo Hospital/CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Judit Morello
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emília C Monteiro
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Alves
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Bourbon
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Morais-Almeida
- Allergy Center, CUF Infante Santo Hospital/CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
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Genre F, Rueda-Gotor J, Quevedo-Abeledo JC, Corrales A, Hernández-Hernández V, Fañanas-Rodríguez N, Lavín-Gómez B, Delgado-Frías E, de Vera-González A, González-Delgado A, de Armas-Rillo L, García-Unzueta MT, González-Gay MÁ, Ferraz-Amaro I. Insulin resistance in non-diabetes patients with spondyloarthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2020; 49:476-483. [PMID: 32648492 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1751272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) constitutes a major underlying abnormality driving cardiovascular disease in the general population and has been linked to inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of IR in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and whether IR can be explained by disease-related features in such cases. Method: The study included 577 subjects: 306 patients diagnosed with SpA according to Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria and 271 controls. Insulin and C-peptide serum levels, IR and β-cell function (%B) indices by homoeostatic model assessment (HOMA2), and lipid profiles were assessed in patients and controls. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to evaluate the differences in IR indices between patients and controls and to determine how IR is associated with disease-related characteristics in SpA patients. Results: HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-IR scores, both calculated with insulin or C-peptide, had significantly higher values in SpA patients compared to controls in multivariable analysis adjusted for age, gender, traditional IR-related factors, and glucocorticoid intake. Disease activity, functional status, and metrological SpA indices were positively related to IR, but only in univariable analysis. Disease duration and positivity for human leucocyte antigen-B27 were independently associated with a higher HOMA2-%B after multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Patients with SpA have an increased IR compared to controls. SpA disease-related data are independently associated with β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Genre
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL , Santander, Spain
| | - J Rueda-Gotor
- Division of Rheumatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital , Santander, Spain
| | - J C Quevedo-Abeledo
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr Negrin , Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Corrales
- Division of Rheumatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital , Santander, Spain
| | - V Hernández-Hernández
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands , Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Fañanas-Rodríguez
- Division of Endocrinology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital , Santander, Spain
| | - B Lavín-Gómez
- Division of Endocrinology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital , Santander, Spain
| | - E Delgado-Frías
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands , Tenerife, Spain
| | - A de Vera-González
- Central Laboratory Division, University Hospital of the Canary Islands , Tenerife, Spain
| | - A González-Delgado
- Central Laboratory Division, University Hospital of the Canary Islands , Tenerife, Spain
| | - L de Armas-Rillo
- Department of Health Sciences, European University of the Canary Islands , Tenerife, Spain
| | - M T García-Unzueta
- Division of Endocrinology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital , Santander, Spain
| | - M Á González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL , Santander, Spain.,Division of Rheumatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital , Santander, Spain.,School of Medicine, University of Cantabria , Santander, Spain.,Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - I Ferraz-Amaro
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands , Tenerife, Spain
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Quevedo-Abeledo JC, Sánchez-Pérez H, Tejera-Segura B, de Armas-Rillo L, Ojeda S, Erausquin C, González-Gay MÁ, Ferraz-Amaro I. Higher Prevalence and Degree of Insulin Resistance in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Than in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2020; 48:339-347. [PMID: 32541071 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.200435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since insulin resistance (IR) is highly prevalent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we aimed to determine whether differences in IR exist between the two conditions. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study comprising 413 subjects without diabetes (186 with SLE and 227 with RA). Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide serum levels, as well as IR by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2) were studied. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to evaluate the differences in IR indexes between patients with SLE and RA, as well as to determine if IR risk factors or disease-related characteristics are differentially associated with IR in both populations. RESULTS The insulin:C-peptide molar ratio was upregulated in patients with RA compared to patients with SLE (β 0.009, 95% CI 0.005-0.014, P < 0.001) after multivariable analysis. HOMA2 indexes related to insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) were found to be lower (β -27, 95% CI -46 to -9, P = 0.004) and β cell function (HOMA2-%B) showed higher IR indexes (β 38, 95% CI 23-52, P < 0.001) in RA than in SLE patients after multivariable analysis. Patients with RA more often fulfilled the definition of IR than those with SLE (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.25-3.69, P = 0.005). The size effect of IR factors on IR indexes was found to be equal in both diseases. CONCLUSION IR sensitivity is lower and β cell function is higher in RA than in SLE patients. The fact that traditional IR factors have an equal effect on IR in both SLE and RA supports the contention that these differences are related to the diseases themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Quevedo-Abeledo
- J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, S. Ojeda, PhD, MD, C. Erausquin, PhD, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Hiurma Sánchez-Pérez
- H. Sánchez-Pérez, MD, I. Ferraz-Amaro, PhD, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tejera-Segura
- B. Tejera-Segura, PhD, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Laura de Armas-Rillo
- L. de Armas-Rillo, PhD, Division of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Soledad Ojeda
- J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, S. Ojeda, PhD, MD, C. Erausquin, PhD, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Celia Erausquin
- J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, S. Ojeda, PhD, MD, C. Erausquin, PhD, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miguel Á González-Gay
- M.Á. González-Gay, PhD, MD, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- H. Sánchez-Pérez, MD, I. Ferraz-Amaro, PhD, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain;
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42
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Ding Q, Liang M. Arg1201Gln mutation of insulin receptor impairs tyrosine kinase activity and causes insulin resistance: a case report. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:558-560. [PMID: 31899992 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1707794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type A insulin resistance syndrome (TAIRS) is a rare subtype of congenital insulin resistance (IR), which is characterized by specific clinical manifestations without clear diagnostic criteria and is easily misdiagnosed or overlooked. Herein we present a case of TAIRS with acanthosis nigricans (AN), severe IR, polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism and its consequence such as menstrual disturbances, acne and hirsutism. A heterozygous mutation, p.Arg1201Gln, in the insulin receptor (INSR) was detected. This mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain has been described before and shown to impair tyrosine kinase activity and is responsible for IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinpei Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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43
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Xie J, Wang S, Ma P, Ma F, Li J, Wang W, Lu F, Xiong H, Gu Y, Zhang S, Xu H, Yang G, Lerner RA. Selection of Small Molecules that Bind to and Activate the Insulin Receptor from a DNA-Encoded Library of Natural Products. iScience 2020; 23:101197. [PMID: 32544667 PMCID: PMC7298650 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although insulin is a life-saving medicine, administration by daily injection remains problematic. Our goal was to exploit the power of DNA-encoded libraries to identify molecules with insulin-like activity but with the potential to be developed as oral drugs. Our strategy involved using a 104-member DNA-encoded library containing 160 Traditional Chinese Medicines (nDEL) to identify molecules that bind to and activate the insulin receptor. Importantly, we used the natural ligand, insulin, to liberate bound molecules. Using this selection method on our relatively small, but highly diverse, nDEL yielded a molecule capable of both binding to and activating the insulin receptor. Chemical analysis showed this molecule to be a polycyclic analog of the guanidine metformin, a known drug used to treat diabetes. By using our protocol with other, even larger, DELs we can expect to identify additional organic molecules capable of binding to and activating the insulin receptor. Annotation of natural products via complementary bifunctional linkers Function-guided DEL selection using the natural ligand for competitive elution Identification of Rutaecarpine as a binder and activator of insulin receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fengping Lu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuang Gu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Richard A Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Ehrampoush E, Nazari N, Homayounfar R, Ghaemi A, Osati S, Tahamtan S, Hashempur MH, Bahmanyar M. Association between dietary patterns with insulin resistance in an Iranian population. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 36:45-52. [PMID: 32220368 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association between dietary patterns no single food or group, and risk of insulin resistance (Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Fasting insulin, 2h-glucose, 2h-insulin and HOMA-IR). METHODS In a cross-sectional, population-based study in Tehran, Iran, 2016-2017. Adults (n = 1500, 38% men) mean age 43.72 ± 14.9 years. Dietary intake was collected by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and insulin resistance was evaluated by Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Fasting insulin, 2h glucose, 2h insulin and HOMA-IR. Associations were assessed by using correlation and multivariable linear regression. RESULTS After controlling of the confounding factor or possible underlying such as gender, age, menopausal, BMI, physical activity and the amount of daily energy intake, unhealthy dietary pattern had a positive relationship with all indexes of insulin resistance except 2h glucose and HOMA-IR, healthy dietary pattern had negative and significant relationship with indexes of insulin resistance but apart from 2h glucose. CONCLUSIONS It can be figured out that receiving diet rich in healthy foods might reduce the risk of creating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ehrampoush
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahid Nazari
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ghaemi
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Osati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Tahamtan
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Bahmanyar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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45
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Wu WC, Wei JN, Chen SC, Fan KC, Lin CH, Yang CY, Lin MS, Shih SR, Hua CH, Hsein YC, Chuang LM, Li HY. Progression of insulin resistance: A link between risk factors and the incidence of diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 161:108050. [PMID: 32035116 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Insulin resistance (IR) changes over time during the development of type 2 diabetes. Some reports showed that obesity was associated with progression of IR. However, no study has explored if change of IR predicts incident diabetes, and no study has investigated other factors associated with the change. METHODS In this study, 1184 subjects without diabetes at baseline were enrolled in 2006-2016 with a median follow-up period of 4.5 years. Diabetes was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test and hemoglobin A1c, or if anti-diabetic agents were used. HOMA2-IR and ISI0,120 were used to estimate IR. RESULTS The annual changes of HOMA2-IR(ΔHOMA2-IR/year) and ISI0,120(ΔISI0,120/year) were associated with BMI, waist circumference(WC), glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol. Subjects with pre-diabetes or metabolic syndrome were associated with a more rapid increase of IR. ΔHOMA2-IR/year and ΔISI0,120/year were correlated with annual changes of BMI and WC. The hazard ratios for ΔHOMA2-IR/year and ΔISI0,120/year to predict incident diabetes were 1.39 (95% CI 1.22-1.59, p < 0.001) and 0.13 (95% CI 0.09-0.19, p < 0.001) in adjusted models, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Change of IR can be used as a surrogate marker of incident diabetes. The progression of IR is an important pathophysiologic link between risk factors and the incidence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nan Wei
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Chih Fan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyang-Rong Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cyue-Huei Hua
- Division of Clinical Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Yenh-Chen Hsein
- Division of Clinical Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fürst
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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47
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Fasipe OJ, Ayoade OG, Enikuomehin AC. Severity Grade Assessment Classifications for Both Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Status of Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Clinical Practice Using Homeostasis Model Assessment Method Indices. Can J Diabetes 2020; 44:663-669. [PMID: 32360150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olumuyiwa John Fasipe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Olufisayo Gabriel Ayoade
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine Unit, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Adenike Christiana Enikuomehin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Lega IC, Lipscombe LL. Review: Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer-Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5625127. [PMID: 31722374 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have both been associated with an increased risk of cancer. In the face of increasing obesity and diabetes rates worldwide, this is a worrying trend for cancer rates. Factors such as hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, antihyperglycemic medications, and shared risk factors have all been identified as potential mechanisms underlying the relationship. The most common obesity- and diabetes-related cancers are endometrial, colorectal, and postmenopausal breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence that describes the complex relationship between obesity, diabetes, and cancer, focusing on epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence, and also reviewing the role of antihyperglycemic agents, novel research approaches such as Mendelian Randomization, and the methodological limitations of existing research. In addition, we also describe the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and cancer with a review of the evidence summarizing the risk of diabetes following cancer treatment. We conclude this review by providing clinical implications that are relevant for caring for patients with obesity, diabetes, and cancer and provide recommendations for improving both clinical care and research for patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana C Lega
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IC/ES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorraine L Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IC/ES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON, Canada
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49
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Kamenova P. Therapeutic potential of metformin in normal glucose tolerant persons with metabolic syndrome. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1711184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Petya Kamenova
- Division of Diabetology, Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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50
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The good, the bad, and the ugly facets of insulin resistance. Med J Armed Forces India 2020; 76:4-7. [PMID: 32020961 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a potent anabolic hormone, and binding to its receptor activates downstream intracellular signaling pathways that regulate the nutrient metabolism, fluid homeostasis, growth, ionic transport, maintenance of vascular tone, and other functions. Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition characterized by subnormal cellular response to physiological levels of insulin. The IR is divided into three types (prereceptor, receptor, and postreceptor) based on the site of pathology. Beta cells attempt to overcome the IR by increasing the release of insulin, leading to hyperinsulinemia. IR is the predisposing factor for many metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. From the evolutionary perspective, the presence of IR offers a survival advantage in the face of starvation or stress. In this brief review, we discuss the different facets of insulin resistance and appraise the readers about the hitherto neglected beneficial advantages.
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