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Zhu Z, Geng Y, Ma L, Yao K, Chang R, Ma Y, Li J. Association between CBS gene T833C, G919A and 844ins68 polymorphisms in the 8th exon region and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Hypertens 2024; 46:2328147. [PMID: 38488417 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2024.2328147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies indicate that the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) gene T833C, G919A and 844ins68 polymorphisms in the 8th exon region may be correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility, but the results have been inconsistent and inconclusive. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to provide a comprehensive estimate of these associations. METHODS On the basis of searches in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP, and CNKI databases, we selected 14 case - control studies including 2123 cases and 2368 controls for this meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated accordingly using a fixed-effect or random-effect model. RESULTS The results indicated an increased risk between the CBS T833C gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to CAD under the dominant model (CC+CT vs. TT: OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.11 ~ 3.32), recessive model (CC vs. CT+TT: OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.17 ~ 3.03), and homozygous model (CC vs. TT: OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.04 ~ 5.83). In these three genetic models, no significant association was identified for CBS G919A (AA+AG vs. GG: OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 0.45 ~ 4.82),(AA vs. AG+GG: OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.93 ~ 2.70),(AA vs. GG: OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 0.40 ~ 6.92) or CBS 844ins68 (II+ID vs. DD: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.80 ~ 1.35),(II vs. ID+DD: OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.51 ~ 2.36),(II vs. DD: OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.51 ~ 2.39). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the CBS T833C gene polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk of CAD and it shows a stronger association in Asian populations. Individuals with the C allele of the CBS gene T833C polymorphism might be particularly susceptible to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijiang Zhu
- Department of thoracic surgery, Gansu Provincial Central Hospital (Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital), Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Geng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Long Ma
- Department of thoracic surgery, Gansu Provincial Central Hospital (Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital), Lanzhou, China
- Department of thoracic surgery, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keying Yao
- School of Second Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruitong Chang
- Department of thoracic surgery, Gansu Provincial Central Hospital (Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital), Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongming Ma
- Department of thoracic surgery, Gansu Provincial Central Hospital (Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital), Lanzhou, China
- Department of thoracic surgery, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jialong Li
- Department of thoracic surgery, Gansu Provincial Central Hospital (Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital), Lanzhou, China
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JOENSUU LAURA, WALLER KATJA, KANKAANPÄÄ ANNA, PALVIAINEN TEEMU, KAPRIO JAAKKO, SILLANPÄÄ ELINA. Genetic Liability to Cardiovascular Disease, Physical Activity, and Mortality: Findings from the Finnish Twin Cohort. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1954-1963. [PMID: 38768019 PMCID: PMC11419275 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether longitudinally assessed physical activity (PA) and adherence specifically to World Health Organization PA guidelines mitigate or moderate mortality risk regardless of genetic liability to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also estimated the causality of the PA-mortality association. METHODS The study used the older Finnish Twin Cohort with 4897 participants aged 33 to 60 yr (54.3% women). Genetic liability to coronary heart disease and systolic and diastolic blood pressure was estimated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from the Pan-UK Biobank ( N ≈ 400,000; >1,000,000 genetic variants). Leisure-time PA was assessed with validated and structured questionnaires three times during 1975 to 1990. The main effects of adherence to PA guidelines and the PRS × PA interactions were evaluated with Cox proportional hazards models against all-cause and CVD mortality. A cotwin control design with 180 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for meeting the guidelines was used for causal inference. RESULTS During the 17.4-yr (mean) follow-up (85,136 person-years), 1195 participants died, with 389 CVD deaths. PRS (per 1 SD increase) were associated with a 17% to 24% higher CVD mortality risk but not with all-cause mortality except for the PRS for diastolic blood pressure. Adherence to PA guidelines did not show significant independent main effects or interactions with all-cause or CVD mortality. Twins whose activity levels adhered to PA guidelines over a 15-yr period did not have statistically significantly reduced mortality risk compared with their less active identical twin sibling. The findings were similar among high, intermediate, and low genetic risk levels for CVD. CONCLUSIONS The genetically informed Finnish Twin Cohort data could not confirm that adherence to PA guidelines either mitigates or moderates genetic CVD risk or causally reduces mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- LAURA JOENSUU
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - KATJA WALLER
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - ANNA KANKAANPÄÄ
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - TEEMU PALVIAINEN
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - JAAKKO KAPRIO
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - ELINA SILLANPÄÄ
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
- Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
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Vikulova DN, Pinheiro-Muller D, Francis G, Halperin F, Sedlak T, Walley K, Fordyce C, Mancini GBJ, Pimstone SN, Brunham LR. Cardiovascular risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in first-degree relatives of patients with premature cardiovascular disease. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 19:100704. [PMID: 39076574 PMCID: PMC11284940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Screening first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is recommended but not routinely performed. Objectives To assess the diagnostic yield and impact on clinical management of a clinical and imaging-based screening program of FDRs delivered in the setting of routine clinical care. Methods We recruited FDRs of patients with premature CAD with no personal history of CAD and prospectively assessed for: 1) cardiovascular risk and presence of significant subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) defined as plaque on carotid ultrasound, stenosis >50% or extensive atherosclerosis on coronary computed tomography angiography, or coronary artery calcium scores >100 Agatston units or >75% percentile for age and sex; 2) utilization of preventive medications and lipid levels prior enrolment and after completion of the assessment. Results We assessed 132 FDRs (60.6% females), mean (SD) age 47(17) years old. Cardiovascular risk was high in 38.2%, moderate in 12.2%, and low in 49.6% of FDRs. SA was present in 34.1% of FDRs, including 12.5% in low, 51.9% in moderate, and 55.0% in high calculated risk groups. After assessment, LLT was initiated in 32.6% of FDRs and intensified in 16.0% leading to mean (SD) LDL-C decrease of 1.07(1.10) mmol/L in patients with high calculated risk or SA. LLT was recommended to all patients with high calculated risk, but those with SA were more likely to receive the medications from pharmacies (93.3% vs 60.0%, p = 0.006). Conclusion Screening the FDRs of patients with premature CAD is feasible, may have high diagnostic yield and impact risk factor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N. Vikulova
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Gordon Francis
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Frank Halperin
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tara Sedlak
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Keith Walley
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - GB John Mancini
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon N. Pimstone
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Liam R. Brunham
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Jia Y, Zhao Y, Niu M, Zhao C, Li X, Chen H. Preliminary study of metabonomic changes during the progression of atherosclerosis in miniature pigs. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:419-432. [PMID: 38923366 PMCID: PMC11369038 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis (AS) and provide basic data for further research on AS, the characteristics of serum metabolomics during the progression of AS in mini-pigs were observed dynamically. METHODS An AS model in Bama miniature pigs was established by a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. Fasting serum samples were collected monthly for metabolomics and serum lipid detection. At the end of the treatment period, pathological analysis of the abdominal aorta and coronary artery was performed to evaluate the lesions of AS, thereby distinguishing the susceptibility of mini-pigs to AS. The metabolomics was detected using a high-resolution untargeted metabolomic approach. Statistical analysis was used to identify metabolites associated with AS susceptibility. RESULTS Based on pathological analysis, mini-pigs were divided into two groups: a susceptible group (n = 3) and a non-susceptible group (n = 6). A total of 1318 metabolites were identified, with significant shifting of metabolic profiles over time in both groups. Dynamic monitoring analysis highlighted 57 metabolites that exhibited an obvious trend of differential changes between two groups with the advance of time. The KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis indicated significant disorders in cholesterol metabolism, primary bile acid metabolism, histidine metabolism, as well as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS During the progression of AS in mini-pigs induced by high-cholesterol/high-fat diet, the alterations in serum metabolic profile exhibited a time-dependent pattern, accompanied by notable disturbances in lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. These metabolites may become potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Jia
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong Zhao
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Changqi Zhao
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhuang Li
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hua Chen
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Vescio M, Pattini L. Linking coronary artery disease to neurodegenerative diseases through systems genetics. Front Genet 2024; 15:1344081. [PMID: 39119577 PMCID: PMC11306136 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1344081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is still a leading cause of death worldwide despite the extensive research and the considerable progresses made through the years. As other cardiovascular diseases, CAD is the result of the complex interaction between genetic variants and environmental factors. Currently identified genetic loci associated to CAD revealed the contribution of multiple molecular pathways to its pathogenesis, suggesting the need for a systemic approach to understand the role of genetic determinants. In this study we wanted to investigate how GWAS variants associated to CAD interact with each other and with nearby genes in the context of the coronary artery molecular interactome. GWAS variants associated to CAD were selected from GWAS Catalog, then, a tissue-specific interactome was constructed integrating protein-protein interactions (PPI) from multiple public repositories and computationally inferred co-expression relationships. To focus on the part of the network most relevant for CAD, we selected the interactions connecting the genes carrying a variant associated to the disease. A functional enrichment analysis conducted on the subnetwork revealed that genes carrying genetic variants associated to CAD closely interact with genes related to relevant biological processes, such as extracellular matrix organization, lipoprotein clearance, arterial morphology and inflammatory response. These results confirm that the identified subnetwork reflects the molecular pathways altered in CAD and intercepted by the selected variants. Interestingly, the most connected nodes of the network included amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) and huntingtin (HTT), both implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. In recent years the interest in investigating the common processes between cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders is increasing, with growing evidence of a link between CAD and Alzheimer's disease. The results obtained in this work support the association between such apparently unrelated diseases and highlight the necessity of a systems biology approach to better elucidate shared pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vescio
- Cardio-Tech Lab, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Pattini
- Cardio-Tech Lab, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Salido E, de Medeiros Vieira C, Mosquera JV, Zade R, Miller CL, Lo Sardo V. The 9p21.3 coronary artery disease risk locus drives vascular smooth muscle cells to an osteochondrogenic state. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.25.595888. [PMID: 38853913 PMCID: PMC11160673 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.25.595888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified common genetic variants at ~400 human genomic loci linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility. Among these genomic regions, the most impactful is the 9p21.3 CAD risk locus, which spans a 60 kb gene desert and encompasses ~80 SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium. Despite nearly two decades since its discovery, the functional mechanism of this genomic region remains incompletely resolved. To investigate the transcriptional gene programs mediated by 9p21.3 risk locus, we applied a model of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from risk and non-risk donors at 9p21.3, as well as isogenic lines with a full haplotype deletion. Upon differentiation to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), single-cell transcriptomic profiling demonstrated iPSC-VSMC phenotypes resembling those from native human coronary arteries, confirming the robustness of this model. Remarkably, our analyses revealed that VSMCs harboring the 9p21.3 risk haplotype preferentially adopt an osteochondrogenic state. Importantly, we identified LIMCH1 and CRABP1 as signature genes critical for defining this transcriptional program. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism at the 9p21.3 risk locus and defines its role in driving a disease-prone transcriptional state in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Salido
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | | | - José Verdezoto Mosquera
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Virginia; Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Rohan Zade
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Virginia; Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Valentina Lo Sardo
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI 53705 USA
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Wang J, Liu Z, Hu C, Zhao R, Zhu D, Xie Y, Zhang P, Cui M, Xu K, Zhao G, Jin L, Chen X, Suo C, Jiang Y. Healthy lifestyles are associated with alleviating the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic risks of ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage and myocardial infarction. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024:svn-2024-003257. [PMID: 38925676 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2024-003257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, including ischaemic stroke (IS) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). We explored how and the extent to which a healthy lifestyle, by considering a comprehensive list, could counteract the genetic risk of those diseases, respectively. METHODS 315 044 participants free of stroke and MI at baseline were identified from the UK Biobank. Genetic risk scores (GRS) for those diseases were constructed separately and categorised as low, intermediate and high by tertile. Lifestyle risk scores (LRS) were constructed separately using smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, dietary patterns and sleep patterns. Similarly, participants were categorised into low, intermediate and high LRS. The data were analysed using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 12.8 years, 4642, 1046 and 9485 participants developed IS, ICH and MI, respectively. Compared with participants with low levels of GRS and LRS, the HRs of those with high levels of GRS and LRS were 3.45 (95% CI 2.71 to 4.41), 2.32 (95% CI 1.40 to 3.85) and 4.89 (95% CI 4.16 to 5.75) for IS, ICH and MI, respectively. Moreover, among participants with high GRS, the standardised 14-year rates of IS events were 4.40% (95% CI 3.45% to 5.36%) among those with high LRS. In contrast, it is only 1.78% (95% CI 1.63% to 1.94%) among those with low LRS. Similarly for MI, the high LRS group had standardised rates of 8.60% (95% CI 7.38% to 9.81%), compared with 3.34% (95% CI 3.12% to 3.56%) in low LRS. Among the high genetic risk group of ICH, the rate is reduced by about half compared low LRS to high LRS, although the rate was low for both (0.36% (95% CI 0.31% to 0.42%) and 0.71% (95% CI 0.36% to 1.05%), respectively). CONCLUSION Healthy lifestyles were substantially associated with a reduction in the risk of IS, ICH and MI and attenuated the genetic risk of IS, ICH and MI by at least half, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengxin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Renjia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijing Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Kelin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Genming Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Suo
- Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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Schell RC, Dow WH, Fernald LCH, Bradshaw PT, Rehkopf DH. Joint association of genetic risk and accelerometer-measured physical activity with incident coronary artery disease in the UK biobank cohort. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304653. [PMID: 38870224 PMCID: PMC11175526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research demonstrates the joint association of self-reported physical activity and genotype with coronary artery disease. However, an existing research gap is whether accelerometer-measured overall physical activity or physical activity intensity can offset genetic predisposition to coronary artery disease. This study explores the independent and joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and genetic predisposition with incident coronary artery disease. Incident coronary artery disease based on hospital inpatient records and death register data serves as the outcome of this study. Polygenic risk score and overall physical activity, measured as Euclidean Norm Minus One, and intensity, measured as minutes per day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), are examined both linearly and by decile. The UK Biobank population-based cohort recruited over 500,000 individuals aged 40 to 69 between 2006 and 2010, with 103,712 volunteers participating in a weeklong wrist-worn accelerometer study from 2013 to 2015. Individuals of White British ancestry (n = 65,079) meeting the genotyping and accelerometer-based inclusion criteria and with no missing covariates were included in the analytic sample. In the sample of 65,079 individuals, the mean (SD) age was 62.51 (7.76) and 61% were female. During a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 1,382 cases of coronary artery disease developed. At the same genetic risk, physical activity intensity had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.41 (95% CI: 0.29-0.60) at the 90th compared to 10th percentile, equivalent to 31.68 and 120.96 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day, respectively, versus an HR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.72) for overall physical activity. The combination of high genetic risk and low physical activity intensity showed the greatest risk, with an individual at the 10th percentile of genetic risk and 90th percentile of intensity facing an HR of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.09-0.21) compared to an individual at the 90th percentile of genetic risk and 10th percentile of intensity. Physical activity, especially physical activity intensity, is associated with an attenuation of some of the risk of coronary artery disease but this pattern does not vary by genetic risk. This accelerometer-based study provides the clearest evidence to date regarding the joint influence of genetics, overall physical activity, and physical activity intensity on coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William H. Dow
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley, CA United States of America
| | - Lia C. H. Fernald
- Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Patrick T. Bradshaw
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - David H. Rehkopf
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
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Le A, Peng H, Golinsky D, Di Scipio M, Lali R, Paré G. What Causes Premature Coronary Artery Disease? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:189-203. [PMID: 38573470 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of genetic and non-genetic causes of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD). RECENT FINDINGS pCAD refers to coronary artery disease (CAD) occurring before the age of 65 years in women and 55 years in men. Both genetic and non-genetic risk factors may contribute to the onset of pCAD. Recent advances in the genetic epidemiology of pCAD have revealed the importance of both monogenic and polygenic contributions to pCAD. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic disorder associated with atherosclerotic pCAD. However, clinical overreliance on monogenic genes can result in overlooked genetic causes of pCAD, especially polygenic contributions. Non-genetic factors, notably smoking and drug use, are also important contributors to pCAD. Cigarette smoking has been observed in 25.5% of pCAD patients relative to 12.2% of non-pCAD patients. Finally, myocardial infarction (MI) associated with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) may result in similar clinical presentations as atherosclerotic pCAD. Recognizing the genetic and non-genetic causes underlying pCAD is important for appropriate prevention and treatment. Despite recent progress, pCAD remains incompletely understood, highlighting the need for both awareness and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Le
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Helen Peng
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Danielle Golinsky
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Matteo Di Scipio
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Ricky Lali
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada.
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10
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Verovenko V, Tennstedt S, Kleinecke M, Kessler T, Schunkert H, Erdmann J, Ensminger S, Aherrahrou Z. Identification of a functional missense variant in the matrix metallopeptidase 10 (MMP10) gene in two families with premature myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12212. [PMID: 38806571 PMCID: PMC11133425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A positive family history is a major independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, and genetic variation is an important aspect of cardiovascular disease research. We identified a heterozygous missense variant p.L245P in the MMP10 gene in two families with premature myocardial infarction using whole-exome sequencing. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of this variant using in-silico and functional in-vitro assays. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to analyze protein interactions, calculate free binding energy, and measure the volume of the substrate-binding cleft of MMP10-TIMP1 models. The p.L245P variant showed an altered protein surface, different intra- and intermolecular interactions of MMP10-TIMP1, a lower total free binding energy between MMP10-TIMP1, and a volume-minimized substrate-binding cleft of MMP10 compared to the wild-type. For the functional assays, human THP-1 cells were transfected with plasmids containing MMP10 cDNA carrying the p.L245P and wild-type variant and differentiated into macrophages. Macrophage adhesion and migration assays were then conducted, and pro-inflammatory chemokine levels were evaluated. The p.L245P variant led to macrophages that were more adherent, less migratory, and secreted higher levels of the pro-inflammatory chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8 than wild-type macrophages. Thus, the p.L245P variant in MMP10 may influence the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in families with premature myocardial infarction by altering protein - protein interactions, macrophage adhesion and migration, and expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines, which may increase plaque rupture. These results could contribute to the development of selective MMP10 inhibitors and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in families with a history of premature myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Verovenko
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Stephanie Tennstedt
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Mariana Kleinecke
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0811, Australia
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Stephan Ensminger
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, UKSH (University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany.
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany.
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11
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Rout M, Tung GK, Singh JR, Mehra NK, Wander GS, Ralhan S, Sanghera DK. Polygenic Risk Score Assessment for Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Indians. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s12265-024-10511-z. [PMID: 38658478 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the performance of various polygenic risk score (PRS) models derived from European (EU), South Asian (SA), and Punjabi Asian Indians (AI) studies on 13,974 subjects from AI ancestry. While all models successfully predicted Coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, the AI, SA, and EU + AI were superior predictors and more transportable than the EU model; the predictive performance in training and test sets was 18% and 22% higher in AI and EU + AI models, respectively than in EU. Comparing individuals with extreme PRS quartiles, the AI and EU + AI captured individuals with high CAD risk showed 2.6 to 4.6 times higher efficiency than the EU. Interestingly, including the clinical risk score did not significantly change the performance of any genetic model. The enrichment of diversity variants in EU PRS improves risk prediction and transportability. Establishing population-specific normative and risk factors and inclusion into genetic models would refine the risk stratification and improve the clinical utility of CAD PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Rout
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur Tung
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarju Ralhan
- Hero DMC Heart Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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12
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Adelus ML, Ding J, Tran BT, Conklin AC, Golebiewski AK, Stolze LK, Whalen MB, Cusanovich DA, Romanoski CE. Single-cell 'omic profiles of human aortic endothelial cells in vitro and human atherosclerotic lesions ex vivo reveal heterogeneity of endothelial subtype and response to activating perturbations. eLife 2024; 12:RP91729. [PMID: 38578680 PMCID: PMC10997331 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity in endothelial cell (EC) sub-phenotypes is becoming increasingly appreciated in atherosclerosis progression. Still, studies quantifying EC heterogeneity across whole transcriptomes and epigenomes in both in vitro and in vivo models are lacking. Multiomic profiling concurrently measuring transcriptomes and accessible chromatin in the same single cells was performed on six distinct primary cultures of human aortic ECs (HAECs) exposed to activating environments characteristic of the atherosclerotic microenvironment in vitro. Meta-analysis of single-cell transcriptomes across 17 human ex vivo arterial specimens was performed and two computational approaches quantitatively evaluated the similarity in molecular profiles between heterogeneous in vitro and ex vivo cell profiles. HAEC cultures were reproducibly populated by four major clusters with distinct pathway enrichment profiles and modest heterogeneous responses: EC1-angiogenic, EC2-proliferative, EC3-activated/mesenchymal-like, and EC4-mesenchymal. Quantitative comparisons between in vitro and ex vivo transcriptomes confirmed EC1 and EC2 as most canonically EC-like, and EC4 as most mesenchymal with minimal effects elicited by siERG and IL1B. Lastly, accessible chromatin regions unique to EC2 and EC4 were most enriched for coronary artery disease (CAD)-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms from Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), suggesting that these cell phenotypes harbor CAD-modulating mechanisms. Primary EC cultures contain markedly heterogeneous cell subtypes defined by their molecular profiles. Surprisingly, the perturbations used here only modestly shifted cells between subpopulations, suggesting relatively stable molecular phenotypes in culture. Identifying consistently heterogeneous EC subpopulations between in vitro and ex vivo models should pave the way for improving in vitro systems while enabling the mechanisms governing heterogeneous cell state decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Adelus
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- The Clinical Translational Sciences Graduate Program, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Jiacheng Ding
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Binh T Tran
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Austin C Conklin
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Anna K Golebiewski
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Lindsey K Stolze
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Michael B Whalen
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Darren A Cusanovich
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Casey E Romanoski
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- The Clinical Translational Sciences Graduate Program, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
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13
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Choi J, Wen W, Jia G, Tao R, Long J, Shu XO, Zheng W. Lifestyle factors, genetic susceptibility to obesity and their interactions on coronary artery disease risk: A cohort study in the UK Biobank. Prev Med 2024; 180:107886. [PMID: 38316272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate potential modifying effects of genetic susceptibility to obesity on the association of lifestyle factors with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. METHODS A total of 328,606 participants (54% women) were included using data from the UK Biobank. We evaluated the risk of developing CAD associated with obesity-related polygenic scores (PGSs) and healthy lifestyle scores (HLSs). HLSs were constructed using six lifestyle factors. Obesity PGSs were created using genetic variants identified by genome-wide association studies, including 941 variants for body mass index (BMI) and 457 for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Both HLSs and PGSs were categorized into three groups. RESULTS During a 9-year median follow-up, 14,541 participants developed CAD. An unhealthy lifestyle was significantly associated with an increased CAD risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.09-2.40). High BMI and WHR PGSs were each significantly associated with an increased CAD risk (HRBMI = 1.23, 1.17-1.29; HRWHR = 1.15, 1.09-1.21). Lifestyle factors explained 41% (95% CI = 38%-45%) of CAD, while genetic variants for BMI explained only 10% (7%-14%). Risks of CAD were increased with poorer HLS independent of obesity-related PGSs. Individuals with the most unhealthy lifestyle and highest BMI PGS had the highest risk of CAD risk (HR = 2.59, 95% CI = 2.26-2.97), compared with participants with the healthiest lifestyle and lowest BMI PGS. CONCLUSIONS While the observational nature of the study precludes the establishment of causality, our study provides supports for a causal association between obesity and CAD risk and the importance of lifestyle modification in the prevention of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyoon Choi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Guochong Jia
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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14
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Dong J, Chen Q, Xie T, Wang M, Wang M, Zha L. Polymorphism of IL-12/IL-23 axis is associated with coronary heart disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18100. [PMID: 38189641 PMCID: PMC10844691 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
IL12B encodes the shared p40 subunit (IL-12p40) of IL-12 and IL-23, which have diverse immune functions and are closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the exact role of IL12B in coronary heart disease (CHD) was still unknown. A case-control association analysis was performed between five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL12B (rs1003199, rs3212219, rs2569254, rs2853694 and rs3212227) and CHD in Chinese Han population (1824 patients with CHD vs. 2784 controls). Logistic regression analyses were used to study the relationships between SNPs and CHD, while multiple linear regression analyses were used to test the association between the SNP and the severity of CHD. In addition, the plasma IL12B concentration of CHD patients were detected by ELISA. We detected a significant association between one of the SNPs, rs2853694-G and CHD (padj = 2.075 × 10-5 , OR, 0.773 [95% CI, 0.686-0.870]). Stratified analysis showed that rs2853694 was associated with CHD in both male and female populations and was significantly associated with both early- and late-onset CHD. In addition, rs2853694 is also related to the different types of CHD including clinical-CHD and anatomical-CHD. Moreover, there are significant differences in serum IL12B concentrations between rs2853694-TT carriers and rs2853694-GT carriers in CHD patients (p = 0.010). A common variant of IL12B was found significantly associated with CHD and its subgroups. As a shared subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, IL-12p40 may play a key role in IL-12/IL-23 axis mediated AS, which is expected to be an effective therapeutic target for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qianwen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mengru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome ResearchCardio‐X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lingfeng Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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15
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Cornelissen A, Gadhoke NV, Ryan K, Hodonsky CJ, Mitchell R, Bihlmeyer NA, Duong T, Chen Z, Dikongue A, Sakamoto A, Sato Y, Kawakami R, Mori M, Kawai K, Fernandez R, Ghosh SKB, Braumann R, Abebe B, Kutys R, Kutyna M, Romero ME, Kolodgie FD, Miller CL, Hong CC, Grove ML, Brody JA, Sotoodehnia N, Arking DE, Schunkert H, Mitchell BD, Guo L, Virmani R, Finn AV. Polygenic Risk Score Associates With Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics at Autopsy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:300-313. [PMID: 37916415 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for coronary artery disease (CAD) potentially improve cardiovascular risk prediction. However, their relationship with histopathologic features of CAD has never been examined systematically. METHODS From 4327 subjects referred to CVPath by the State of Maryland Office Chief Medical Examiner for sudden death between 1994 and 2015, 2455 cases were randomly selected for genotyping. We generated PRS from 291 known CAD risk loci. Detailed histopathologic examination of the coronary arteries was performed in all subjects. The primary study outcome measurements were histopathologic plaque features determining severity of atherosclerosis, including %stenosis, calcification, thin-cap fibroatheromas, and thrombotic CAD. RESULTS After exclusion of cases with insufficient DNA sample quality or with missing data, 954 cases (mean age, 48.8±14.7 years; 75.7% men) remained in the final study cohort. Subjects in the highest PRS quintile exhibited more severe atherosclerosis compared with subjects in the lowest quintile, with greater %stenosis (80.3%±27.0% versus 50.4%±38.7%; adjusted P<0.001) and a higher frequency of calcification (69.6% versus 35.8%; adjusted P=0.004) and thin-cap fibroatheroma (26.7% versus 9.5%; adjusted P=0.007). Even after adjustment for traditional CAD risk factors, subjects within the highest PRS quintile had higher odds of severe atherosclerosis (ie, ≥75% stenosis; adjusted odds ratio, 3.77 [95% CI, 2.10-6.78]; P<0.001) and plaque rupture (adjusted odds ratio, 4.05 [95% CI, 2.26-7.24]; P<0.001). Moreover, subjects within the highest quintile had higher odds of CAD-associated cause of death, especially among those aged ≤50 years (adjusted odds ratio, 4.08 [95% CI, 2.01-8.30]; P<0.001). No statistically significant associations were observed with plaque erosion after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS This is the first autopsy study investigating associations between PRS and atherosclerosis severity at the histopathologic level in subjects with sudden death. Our pathological analysis suggests PRS correlates with plaque burden and features of advanced atherosclerosis and may be useful as a method for CAD risk stratification, especially in younger subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cornelissen
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany (A.C.)
| | - Neel V Gadhoke
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.R., C.C.H., B.D.M., A.V.F.)
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (C.J.H., C.L.M.)
| | - Rebecca Mitchell
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.M., N.A.B., T.D., M.L.G., N.S., D.E.A.)
| | - Nathan A Bihlmeyer
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.M., N.A.B., T.D., M.L.G., N.S., D.E.A.)
| | - ThuyVy Duong
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.M., N.A.B., T.D., M.L.G., N.S., D.E.A.)
| | - Zhifen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (Z.C., H.S.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (Z.C., H.S.)
| | - Armelle Dikongue
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Yu Sato
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Rika Kawakami
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Masayuki Mori
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Kenji Kawai
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Raquel Fernandez
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Saikat Kumar B Ghosh
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Ryan Braumann
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Biniyam Abebe
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Robert Kutys
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Matthew Kutyna
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Maria E Romero
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Frank D Kolodgie
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Clint L Miller
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (C.J.H., C.L.M.)
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.R., C.C.H., B.D.M., A.V.F.)
| | - Megan L Grove
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.M., N.A.B., T.D., M.L.G., N.S., D.E.A.)
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.A.B.)
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.M., N.A.B., T.D., M.L.G., N.S., D.E.A.)
| | - Dan E Arking
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.M., N.A.B., T.D., M.L.G., N.S., D.E.A.)
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (Z.C., H.S.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (Z.C., H.S.)
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.R., C.C.H., B.D.M., A.V.F.)
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (B.D.M.)
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Renu Virmani
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Aloke V Finn
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (A.C., N.V.G., A.D., A.S., Y.S., R. Kawakami, M.M., K.K., R.F., S.K.B.G., R.B., B.A., R. Kutys, M.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., L.G., R.V., A.V.F.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.R., C.C.H., B.D.M., A.V.F.)
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16
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Al-Ali AK, Al-Rubaish AM, Alali RA, Almansori MS, Al-Jumaan MA, Alshehri AM, Al-Madan MS, Vatte C, Cherlin T, Young S, Verma SS, Morahan G, Koeleman BPC, Keating BJ. Uncovering myocardial infarction genetic signatures using GWAS exploration in Saudi and European cohorts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21866. [PMID: 38072966 PMCID: PMC10711020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded significant insights into the genetic architecture of myocardial infarction (MI), although studies in non-European populations are still lacking. Saudi Arabian cohorts offer an opportunity to discover novel genetic variants impacting disease risk due to a high rate of consanguinity. Genome-wide genotyping (GWG), imputation and GWAS followed by meta-analysis were performed based on two independent Saudi Arabian studies comprising 3950 MI patients and 2324 non-MI controls. Meta-analyses were then performed with these two Saudi MI studies and the CardioGRAMplusC4D and UK BioBank GWAS as controls. Meta-analyses of the two Saudi MI studies resulted in 17 SNPs with genome-wide significance. Meta-analyses of all 4 studies revealed 66 loci with genome-wide significance levels of p < 5 × 10-8. All of these variants, except rs2764203, have previously been reported as MI-associated loci or to have high linkage disequilibrium with known loci. One SNP association in Shisa family member 5 (SHISA5) (rs11707229) was evident at a much higher frequency in the Saudi MI populations (> 12% MAF). In conclusion, our results replicated many MI associations, whereas in Saudi-only GWAS (meta-analyses), several new loci were implicated that require future validation and functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amein K Al-Ali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, 3144, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M Al-Rubaish
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, 34445, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rudaynah A Alali
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, 34445, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Almansori
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, 34445, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Jumaan
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, 34445, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alshehri
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, 34445, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Al-Madan
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahd Hospital of the University, 34445, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - ChittiBabu Vatte
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, 3144, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tess Cherlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvia Young
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - Shefali S Verma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - Bobby P C Koeleman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 85500/3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Brendan J Keating
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Crooijmans J, Singh S, Naqshband M, Bruikman CS, Pinto-Sietsma SJ. Premature atherosclerosis: An analysis over 39 years in the Netherlands. Implications for young individuals in high-risk families. Atherosclerosis 2023; 384:117267. [PMID: 37758605 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), is one of the most important disease problems in the world accounting for an estimated 18.6 million deaths globally. Although older individuals are more often affected, ASCVD event at a young age is of particular importance because of more healthy years lost. Therefore, it is important to identify young individuals correctly at risk of ASCVD events in an early stage. Unfortunately, current risk score algorithms underestimate ASCVD event risk at a younger age. Both coronary artery calcium scoring (CACs) and family history of premature ASCVD (FH-PASCVD) have emerged as reliable screening tools to be able to identify individuals at risk for ASCVD events. Positive FH-PASCVD is associated with higher absolute CAC scores in first-degree 'healthy' family members and the proportion of individuals above the CACs percentile threshold to warrant treatment is also higher as compared to the general population. Therefore, a positive FH-PASCVD identifies so-called high-risk families and adding CAC scoring within these families identifies individuals at increased risk for ASCVD events. In individuals from high-risk families with an elevated CAC score, ASCVD events can be prevented when treated with statins and aspirin. Therefore, we suggest assessing FH-PASCVD in young 'healthy' individuals as a first screening step and subsequently performing CAC scoring to be able to start treatment at an early stage, since not only the lower is better, but also the earlier is better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Crooijmans
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Massih Naqshband
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline S Bruikman
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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18
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Khoja A, Andraweera PH, Lassi ZS, Ali A, Zheng M, Pathirana MM, Aldridge E, Wittwer MR, Chaudhuri DD, Tavella R, Arstall MA. Risk Factors for Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:1277-1311. [PMID: 37777398 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to systematically compare literature on prevalence of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for early compared to late-onset coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched (review protocol registered in PROSPERO CRD42020173216). Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tool for observational and case-control studies. Review Manager 5.3 was used for meta-analysis. Effect sizes were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and mean differences (MD)/standardised MD (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for categorical and continuous variables. RESULTS Individuals presenting with early-onset CHD (age <65 years) compared to late-onset CHD had higher mean body mass index (MD 1.07 kg/m2; 95% CI 0.31-1.83), total cholesterol (SMD 0.43; 95% CI 0.23-0.62), low-density lipoprotein (SMD 0.26; 95% CI 0.15-0.36) and triglycerides (SMD 0.50; 95% CI 0.22-0.68) with lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (SMD 0.26; 95% CI -0.42--0.11). They were more likely to be smokers (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.39-2.22) and have a positive family history of CHD (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.74-2.48). They had lower mean systolic blood pressure (MD 4.07 mmHg; 95% CI -7.36--0.78) and were less likely to have hypertension (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.39-0.57), diabetes mellitus (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.51-0.61) or stroke (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.24-0.42). CONCLUSION A focus on weight management and smoking cessation and aggressive management of dyslipidaemia in young adults may reduce the risk of early-onset CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Khoja
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Prabha H Andraweera
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zohra S Lassi
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna Ali
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maleesa M Pathirana
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Aldridge
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie R Wittwer
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Debajyoti D Chaudhuri
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rosanna Tavella
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Margaret A Arstall
- Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia; Medical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
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19
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Mayerhofer E, Parodi L, Narasimhalu K, Harloff A, Georgakis MK, Rosand J, Anderson CD. Genetic and Nongenetic Components of Stroke Family History: A Population Study of Adopted and Nonadopted Individuals. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e031566. [PMID: 37830349 PMCID: PMC10757525 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Genetic and nongenetic factors account for the association of family history with disease risk. Comparing adopted and nonadopted individuals provides an opportunity to disentangle those factors. Methods and Results We examined associations between family history of stroke and heart disease with incident stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) in 495 640 UK Biobank participants (mean age, 56.5 years; 55% women) stratified by childhood adoption status (5747 adoptees). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) per affected family member, and for polygenic risk scores in Cox models adjusted for baseline age and sex. A total of 12 518 strokes and 23 923 MIs occurred over a 13-year follow-up. In nonadoptees, family history of stroke and heart disease was associated with increased stroke and MI risk, with the strongest association of family history of stroke for incident stroke (HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.12-1.19]) and family history of heart disease for incident MI (HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.45-1.50]). In adoptees, family history of stroke associated with incident stroke (HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.06-1.86]), but family history of heart disease was not associated with incident MI (P>0.5). Polygenic risk scores showed strong disease-specific associations in both groups. In nonadoptees, the stroke polygenic risk score mediated 6% risk between family history of stroke and incident stroke, and the MI polygenic risk score mediated 13% risk between family history of heart disease and incident MI. Conclusions Family history of stroke and heart disease increases risk for their respective conditions. Family history of stroke contains substantial potentially modifiable nongenetic risk, indicating a need for novel prevention strategies, whereas family history of heart disease represents predominantly genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Mayerhofer
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA
- McCance Center for Brain HealthMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Livia Parodi
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA
- McCance Center for Brain HealthMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Department of NeurologyBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Kaavya Narasimhalu
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA
- McCance Center for Brain HealthMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Andreas Harloff
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Marios K. Georgakis
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA
- McCance Center for Brain HealthMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchUniversity Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA
- McCance Center for Brain HealthMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Christopher D. Anderson
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA
- McCance Center for Brain HealthMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Department of NeurologyBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
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20
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Kamzolas O, Papazoglou AS, Gemousakakis E, Moysidis DV, Kyriakoulis KG, Brilakis ES, Milkas A. Concomitant Coronary Artery Disease in Identical Twins: Case Report and Systematic Literature Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5742. [PMID: 37685809 PMCID: PMC10489011 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial and strongly affected by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Several studies have reported development of concomitant CAD in identical twins. We report a case in which a pair of Caucasian male monozygotic twins presented almost concomitantly with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and had concordant coronary anatomy and identical site of occlusion. We performed a systematic literature review of PubMed, Web Of Science and Scopus databases from inception until 28 February 2023 of case reports/case series reporting the concomitant development of CAD in monozygotic twins. We found 25 eligible case reports with a total of 31 monozygotic twin pairs (including the case from our center) suffering from CAD and presenting (most of them simultaneously) with ACS (mean age of presentation: 45 ± 12 years, males: 81%). Coronary angiograms demonstrated lesion and anatomy concordance in 77% and 79% of the twin pairs, respectively. Screening for disease-related genetic mutations was performed in six twin pairs leading to the identification of five CAD-related genetic polymorphisms. This is the first systematic literature review of studies reporting identical twin pairs suffering from CAD. In summary, there is high concordance of coronary anatomy and clinical presentation between monozygotic twins. Future monozygotic twin studies-unbiased by age effects-can provide insights into CAD heritability being able to disentangle the traditional dyad of genetic and environmental factors and investigate the within-pair epigenetic drift.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanouil S Brilakis
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA
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21
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Gupta R. Genetics-based risk scores for prediction of premature coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J 2023; 75:327-334. [PMID: 37633460 PMCID: PMC10568063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is endemic in India. Global Burden of Diseases study has reported that it led to 286,000 deaths in 2019 in India. Many of these patients have standard risk factors but a third have none. Clinical risk algorithms and imaging provide limited risk information in premature CAD. CAD is multifactorial and studies have now focused on the predictive capability of clusters of genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using gene risk score (GRS). Older studies combined data from 10 to 12 genes and 100-500 SNPs to calculate GRS, however, following the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), millions of SNPs have been incorporated. Studies have reported that GWAS-based GRS may be more discriminative than conventional tools. Recent studies, especially among South Asians, have reported that GRS improves net reclassification by 15% (12-19%) for younger individuals. Aggressive lifestyle interventions and lipid-lowering therapies can ameliorate risk in high-GRS individuals and potentially prevent premature CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Preventive Cardiology & Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India.
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22
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Malinowski D, Bochniak O, Luterek-Puszyńska K, Puszyński M, Pawlik A. Genetic Risk Factors Related to Coronary Artery Disease and Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Polymorphisms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1425. [PMID: 37510329 PMCID: PMC10379139 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of mortality globally and has long been known to be heritable; however, the specific genetic factors involved have yet to be identified. Recent advances have started to unravel the genetic architecture of this disease and set high expectations about the future use of novel susceptibility variants for its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In the past decade, there has been major progress in this area. New tools, like common variant association studies, genome-wide association studies, meta-analyses, and genetic risk scores, allow a better understanding of the genetic risk factors driving CAD. In recent years, researchers have conducted further studies that confirmed the role of numerous genetic factors in the development of CAD. These include genes that affect lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, regulate the function of the endothelium and vascular smooth muscles, influence the coagulation system, or affect the immune system. Many CAD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified, although many of their functions are largely unknown. The inflammatory process that occurs in the coronary vessels is very important in the development of CAD. One important mediator of inflammation is TGFβ1. TGFβ1 plays an important role in the processes leading to CAD, such as by stimulating macrophage and fibroblast chemotaxis, as well as increasing extracellular matrix synthesis. This review discusses the genetic risk factors related to the development of CAD, with a particular focus on polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) gene and its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Oliwia Bochniak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Luterek-Puszyńska
- Department of Urology and Oncological Urology, Regional Specialist Hospital in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland; (K.L.-P.); (M.P.)
| | - Michał Puszyński
- Department of Urology and Oncological Urology, Regional Specialist Hospital in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland; (K.L.-P.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
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23
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Cornelissen A, Gadhoke NV, Ryan K, Hodonsky CJ, Mitchell R, Bihlmeyer N, Duong T, Chen Z, Dikongue A, Sakamoto A, Sato Y, Kawakami R, Mori M, Kawai K, Fernandez R, Ghosh SKB, Braumann R, Abebe B, Kutys R, Kutyna M, Romero ME, Kolodgie FD, Miller CL, Hong CC, Grove ML, Brody JA, Sotoodehnia N, Arking DE, Schunkert H, Mitchell BD, Guo L, Virmani R, Finn AV. Polygenic Risk Score Associates with Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics at Autopsy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.05.547891. [PMID: 37461703 PMCID: PMC10350003 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.05.547891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for coronary artery disease (CAD) potentially improve cardiovascular risk prediction. However, their relationship with histopathologic features of CAD has never been examined systematically. Methods From 4,327 subjects referred to CVPath by the State of Maryland Office Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) for sudden death between 1994 and 2015, 2,455 cases were randomly selected for genotyping. We generated PRS from 291 known CAD risk loci. Detailed histopathologic examination of the coronary arteries was performed in all subjects. The primary study outcome measurements were histopathologic plaque features determining severity of atherosclerosis, including %stenosis, calcification, thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA), and thrombotic CAD. Results After exclusion of cases with insufficient DNA sample quality or with missing data, 954 cases (mean age 48.8±14.7; 75.7% men) remained in the final study cohort. Subjects in the highest PRS quintile exhibited more severe atherosclerosis compared to subjects in the lowest quintile, with greater %stenosis (80.3%±27.0% vs. 50.4%±38.7%; adjusted p<0.001) and a higher frequency of calcification (69.6% vs. 35.8%; adjusted p=0.004) and TCFAs (26.7% vs. 9.5%; adjusted p=0.007). Even after adjustment for traditional CAD risk factors subjects within the highest PRS quintile had higher odds of severe atherosclerosis (i.e., ≥75% stenosis; adjusted OR 3.77; 95%CI 2.10-6.78; p<0.001) and plaque rupture (adjusted OR 4.05; 95%CI 2.26-7.24; p<0.001). Moreover, subjects within the highest quintile had higher odds of CAD-associated cause of death, especially among those aged 50 years and younger (adjusted OR 4.08; 95%CI 2.01-8.30; p<0.001). No associations were observed with plaque erosion. Conclusions This is the first autopsy study investigating associations between PRS and atherosclerosis severity at the histopathologic level in subjects with sudden death. Our pathological analysis suggests PRS correlates with plaque burden and features of advanced atherosclerosis and may be useful as a method for CAD risk stratification, especially in younger subjects. Highlights In this autopsy study including 954 subjects within the CVPath Sudden Death Registry, high PRS correlated with plaque burden and atherosclerosis severity.The PRS showed differential associations with plaque rupture and plaque erosion, suggesting different etiologies to these two causes of thrombotic CAD.PRS may be useful for risk stratification, particularly in the young. Further examination of individual risk loci and their association with plaque morphology may help understand molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis, potentially revealing new therapy targets of CAD. Graphic Abstract A polygenic risk score, generated from 291 known CAD risk loci, was assessed in 954 subjects within the CVPath Sudden Death Registry. Histopathologic examination of the coronary arteries was performed in all subjects. Subjects in the highest PRS quintile exhibited more severe atherosclerosis as compared to subjects in the lowest quintile, with a greater plaque burden, more calcification, and a higher frequency of plaque rupture.
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Jiang J, Chen X, Li C, Du X, Zhou H. Polymorphisms of TRIB1 Genes for Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gene 2023:147613. [PMID: 37414350 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In recent years, the results of the association between Tribbles Pseudokinase 1 (TRIB1) gene polymorphism and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke are inconsistent. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on TRIB1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) and stroke. METHODS This study collected studies published until May 2022 through a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. After a systematic literature search, pooled odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS We identified 6 studies on rs17321515, including 12892 controls and 4583 patients, and 3 on rs2954029, including 1732 controls and 1305 patients. In different genetic models, the rs2954029 genetic polymorphism significantly increased the risk of CAD and stroke. In the codominant model, the AA genotype increased the risk of CAD and stroke (OR=1.74, 95% CI=1.39-2.17, P<0.001); the TA genotype also increased the prevalence of CAD and stroke risk (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.18-1.64, P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the TT+TA genotype increased the risk of CAD and stroke in the dominant genetic model (OR=1.46, 95%CI=1.25-1.71, P<0.001), and in the recessive model, the TA+AA genotype increased the risk of CAD and stroke (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.15-1.72, P<0.001). In addition, the TRIB1 rs17321515 polymorphism was not found to be associated with the risk of CAD and stroke, which may be related to other factors such as race. CONCLUSIONS The rs2954029 A allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of CAD and stroke, according to the present meta-analysis. However, the association of rs17321515 polymorphism with susceptibility to CAD and stroke has not been found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinhua Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University.
| | - Xinmin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jinhua Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Chengwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinhua Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Xiaoma Du
- Department of Cardiology, Jinhua Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Huadong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Jinhua Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
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Jeon Y, Jeon S, An K, Kim YJ, Kim BC, Ryu H, Choi WH, Choi H, Kim W, Lee SY, Bae JW, Hwang JY, Kang MG, An S, Kim Y, Kang Y, Kim BC, Bhak J, Shin ES. Identification and validation of six acute myocardial infarction-associated variants, including a novel prognostic marker for cardiac mortality. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1226971. [PMID: 37465449 PMCID: PMC10350496 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1226971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and approximately half of AMI-related deaths occur before the affected individual reaches the hospital. The present study aimed to identify and validate genetic variants associated with AMI and their role as prognostic markers. Materials and methods We conducted a replication study of 29 previously identified novel loci containing 85 genetic variants associated with early-onset AMI using a new independent set of 2,920 Koreans [88 patients with early- and 1,085 patients with late-onset AMI, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 1,747 healthy controls]. Results Of the 85 previously reported early-onset variants, six were confirmed in our genome-wide association study with a false discovery rate of less than 0.05. Notably, rs12639023, a cis-eQTL located in the intergenic region between LINC02005 and CNTN3, significantly increased longitudinal cardiac mortality and recurrent AMI. CNTN3 is known to play a role in altering vascular permeability. Another variant, rs78631167, located upstream of PLAUR and known to function in fibrinolysis, was moderately replicated in this study. By surveying the nearby genomic region around rs78631167, we identified a significant novel locus (rs8109584) located 13 bp downstream of rs78631167. The present study showed that six of the early-onset variants of AMI are applicable to both early- and late-onset cases. Conclusion Our results confirm markers that can potentially be utilized to predict, screen, prevent, and treat candidate patients with AMI and highlight the potential of rs12639023 as a prognostic marker for cardiac mortality in AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsu Jeon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics Inc., Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyungwhan An
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Whan-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Mathematics, Kangwon National University, ChunCheon, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJoo Choi
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeub Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Whan Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolbin An
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jong Bhak
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics Inc., Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Personal Genomics Institute (PGI), Genome Research Foundation (GRF), Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Ystrom E, Degerud E, Tesli M, Høye A, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Næss Ø. Alcohol consumption and lower risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: the impact of accounting for familial factors in twins. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4130-4138. [PMID: 35440344 PMCID: PMC10317821 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A moderate to high alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in comparison with low consumption. The mechanisms underlying this association are not clear and have been suggested to be caused by residual confounding. The main objective of this study was to separate the familial and individual risk for CVD mortality and all-cause mortality related to alcohol consumption. This will be done by estimating the risk for CVD mortality and all-cause mortality in twin pairs discordant for alcohol consumption. METHODS Alcohol consumption was assessed at two time points using self-report questionnaires in the Norwegian Twin Registry. Data on CVD mortality was obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Exposure-outcome associations for all-cause mortality and mortality due to other causes than CVD were estimated for comparison. RESULTS Coming from a family with moderate to high alcohol consumption was protective against cardiovascular death (HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.65-0.83). Moderate and high alcohol consumption levels were associated with a slightly increased risk of CVD mortality at the individual level (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.73). There was no association between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality both at the familial nor at the individual level. CONCLUSIONS The protective association of moderate to high alcohol consumption with a lower risk of CVD mortality was accounted for by familial factors in this study of twins. Early life genetic and environmental familial factors may mask an absence of health effect of moderate to high alcohol consumption on cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Ystrom
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Degerud
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Høye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1170, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Næss
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1130, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
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Wu TT, Zheng YY, Ma X, Xiu WJ, Yang HT, Hou XG, Yang Y, Chen Y, Ma YT, Xie X. Mutated CYP17A1 promotes atherosclerosis and early-onset coronary artery disease. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:155. [PMID: 37370070 PMCID: PMC10294473 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multi-factor complex trait and is heritable, especially in early-onset families. However, the genetic factors affecting the susceptibility of early-onset CAD are not fully characterized. METHODS In the present study, we identified a rare nonsense variant in the CYP17A1 gene from a Chinese Han family with CAD. To validate the effect of this variation on atherosclerosis and early-onset coronary artery disease, we conducted studies on population, cells, and mice. RESULTS The mutation precisely congregated with the clinical syndrome in all the affected family members and was absent in unaffected family members and unrelated controls. Similar to the human phenotype, the CYP17A1-deficient mice present the phenotype of metabolic syndrome with hypertension, increased serum glucose concentration, and presentation of central obesity and fatty liver. Furthermore, CYP17A1 knockout mice or CYP17A1 + ApoE double knockout mice developed more atherosclerotic lesions than wild type (WT) with high fat diary. In cell models, CYP17A1 was found to be involved in glucose metabolism by increasing glucose intake and utilization, through activating IGF1/mTOR/HIF1-α signaling way, which was consistent in CYP17A1 knockout mice with impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Through our study of cells, mice and humans, we identified CYP17A1 as a key protein participating in the pathophysiology of the atherosclerotic process and the possible mechanism of CYP17A1 C987X mutation induced atherosclerosis and early-onset CAD involving glucose homeostasis regulation was revealed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Juan Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Geng Hou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - You Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
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Kim M, Huda MN, Evans LW, Que E, Gertz ER, Maeda-Smithies N, Bennett BJ. Integrative analysis of hepatic transcriptional profiles reveals genetic regulation of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic Diversity Outbred-F1 mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9475. [PMID: 37301941 PMCID: PMC10257719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenesis is an insipidus but precipitating process leading to serious consequences of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Numerous genetic loci contributing to atherosclerosis have been identified in human genome-wide association studies, but these studies have limitations in the ability to control environmental factors and to decipher cause/effect relationships. To assess the power of hyperlipidemic Diversity Outbred (DO) mice in facilitating quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of complex traits, we generated a high-resolution genetic panel of atherosclerosis susceptible (DO-F1) mouse cohort by crossing 200 DO females with C57BL/6J males carrying two human genes: encoding apolipoprotein E3-Leiden and cholesterol ester transfer protein. We examined atherosclerotic traits including plasma lipids and glucose in the 235 female and 226 male progeny before and after 16 weeks of a high-fat/cholesterol diet, and aortic plaque size at 24 weeks. We also assessed the liver transcriptome using RNA-sequencing. Our QTL mapping for atherosclerotic traits identified one previously reported female-specific QTL on Chr10 with a narrower interval of 22.73 to 30.80 Mb, and one novel male-specific QTL at 31.89 to 40.25 Mb on Chr19. Liver transcription levels of several genes within each QTL were highly correlated with the atherogenic traits. A majority of these candidates have already known atherogenic potential in humans and/or mice, but integrative QTL, eQTL, and correlation analyses further pointed Ptprk as a major candidate of the Chr10 QTL, while Pten and Cyp2c67 of the Chr19 QTL in our DO-F1 cohort. Finally, through additional analyses of RNA-seq data we identified genetic regulation of hepatic transcription factors, including Nr1h3, contributes to atherogenesis in this cohort. Thus, an integrative approach using DO-F1 mice effectively validates the influence of genetic factors on atherosclerosis in DO mice and suggests an opportunity to discover therapeutics in the setting of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsuk Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - M Nazmul Huda
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Levi W Evans
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Excel Que
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erik R Gertz
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nobuyo Maeda-Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA.
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Zhao Q, Liu R, Chen H, Yang X, Dong J, Bai M, Lu Y, Leng Y. Transcriptome-wide association study reveals novel susceptibility genes for coronary atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1149113. [PMID: 37351287 PMCID: PMC10282549 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1149113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic risk factors substantially contributed to the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified many risk loci for coronary atherosclerosis, but the translation of these loci into therapeutic targets is limited for their location in non-coding regions. Here, we aimed to screen the potential coronary atherosclerosis pathogenic genes expressed though TWAS (transcriptome wide association study) and explore the underlying mechanism association. Methods Four TWAS approaches (PrediXcan, JTI, UTMOST, and FUSION) were used to screen genes associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Enrichment analysis of TWAS-identified genes was applied through the Metascape website. The summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis was conducted to provide the evidence of causal relationship between the candidate genes and coronary atherosclerosis. At last, the cell type-specific expression of the intersection genes was examined by using human coronary artery single-cell RNA-seq, interrogating the immune microenvironment of human coronary atherosclerotic plaque at different stages of maturity. Results We identified 19 genes by at least three approaches and 1 gene (NBEAL1) by four approaches. Enrichment analysis enriching the genes identified at least by two TWAS approaches, suggesting that these genes were markedly enriched in asthma and leukocyte mediated immunity reaction. Further, the summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis provided the evidence of causal relationship between NBEAL1 gene and coronary atherosclerosis, confirming the protecting effects of NBEAL1 gene and coronary atherosclerosis. At last, the single cell cluster analysis demonstrated that NBEAL1 gene has differential expressions in macrophages, plasma cells and endothelial cells. Conclusion Our study identified the novel genes associated with coronary atherosclerosis and suggested the potential biological function for these genes, providing insightful guidance for further biological investigation and therapeutic approaches development in atherosclerosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Zhao
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rongmei Liu
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomo Yang
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minfu Bai
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao Lu
- School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yiming Leng
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Mayerhofer E, Parodi L, Narasimhalu K, Harloff A, Georgakis MK, Rosand J, Anderson CD. Genetic and non-genetic components of family history of stroke and heart disease: a population-based study among adopted and non-adopted individuals. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.28.23290649. [PMID: 37398414 PMCID: PMC10312864 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.28.23290649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background It is increasingly clear that genetic and non-genetic factors account for the association of family history with disease risk in offspring. We sought to distinguish the genetic and non-genetic contributions of family history of stroke and heart disease on incident events by examining adopted and non-adopted individuals. Methods We examined associations between family history of stroke and heart disease with incident stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) in 495,640 participants of the UK Biobank (mean age 56.5 years, 55% female) stratified by early childhood adoption status into adoptees (n=5,747) and non-adoptees (n=489,893). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) per affected nuclear family member, and for polygenic risk scores (PRS) for stroke and MI in Cox models adjusted for baseline age and sex. Results 12,518 strokes and 23,923 MIs occurred over a 13-year follow-up. In non-adoptees, family history of stroke and heart disease were associated with increased stroke and MI risk, with the strongest association of family history of stroke for incident stroke (HR 1.16 [1.12, 1.19]) and family history of heart disease for incident MI (HR 1.48 [1.45, 1.50]). In adoptees, family history of stroke associated with incident stroke (HR 1.41 [1.06, 1.86]), but family history of heart disease did not associate with incident MI (p>0.5). PRS showed strong disease-specific associations in adoptees and non-adoptees. In non-adoptees, the stroke PRS mediated 6% risk between family history of stroke and incident stroke, and the MI PRS mediated 13% risk between family history of heart disease and MI. Conclusions Family history of stroke and heart disease increase risk for their respective conditions. Family history of stroke contains a substantial proportion of potentially modifiable non-genetic risk, indicating a need for further research to elucidate these elements for novel prevention strategies, whereas family history of heart disease represents predominantly genetic risk.
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Kendler KS, Ohlsson H, Bacanu S, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Differences in genetic risk score profiles for drug use disorder, major depression, and ADHD as a function of sex, age at onset, recurrence, mode of ascertainment, and treatment. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3448-3460. [PMID: 35098912 PMCID: PMC10863503 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Do genetic risk profiles for drug use disorder (DUD), major depression (MD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ substantially as a function of sex, age at onset (AAO), recurrence, mode of ascertainment, and treatment? METHODS Family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for MD, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol use disorder, DUD, ADHD, and autism-spectrum disorder were calculated from 1st-5th degree relatives in the Swedish population born 1932-1995 (n = 5 829 952). Profiles of these FGRS were obtained and compared across various subgroups of DUD, MD, and ADHD cases. RESULTS Differences in FGRS profiles for DUD, MD, and ADHD by sex were modest, but they varied substantially by AAO, recurrence, ascertainment, and treatment with scores typically higher in cases with greater severity (e.g. early AAO, high recurrence, ascertainment in high intensity clinical settings, and treatment). However, severity was not always related to purer genetic profiles, as genetic risk for many disorders often increased together. However, some results, such as by mode of ascertainment from different Swedish registries, produced qualitative differences in FGRS profiles. CONCLUSIONS Differences in FGRS profiles for DUD, MD, and ADHD varied substantially by AAO, recurrence, ascertainment, and treatment. Replication of psychiatric studies, particularly those examining genetic factors, may be difficult unless cases are matched not only by diagnosis but by important clinical characteristics. Genetic correlations between psychiatric disorders could arise through one disorder impacting on the patterns of ascertainment for the other, rather than from the direct effects of shared genetic liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Silviu Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Chen PY, Qin L, Simons M. TGFβ signaling pathways in human health and disease. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1113061. [PMID: 37325472 PMCID: PMC10267471 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1113061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is named for the function it was originally discovered to perform-transformation of normal cells into aggressively growing malignant cells. It became apparent after more than 30 years of research, however, that TGFβ is a multifaceted molecule with a myriad of different activities. TGFβs are widely expressed with almost every cell in the human body producing one or another TGFβ family member and expressing its receptors. Importantly, specific effects of this growth factor family differ in different cell types and under different physiologic and pathologic conditions. One of the more important and critical TGFβ activities is the regulation of cell fate, especially in the vasculature, that will be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Chen CJ, Liao WY, Chattopadhyay A, Lu TP. Exploring the genetic correlation of cardiovascular diseases and mood disorders in the UK Biobank. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e31. [PMID: 37161899 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of deaths globally. Mortality and incidence of CVDs are significantly higher in people with mood disorders. About 81.1% of CVD patients were reported with comorbidities in 2019, where the second most common comorbidity was due to major depressive disorder (MDD). This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the genetic correlation between CVDs and mood disorders by using data from the UK Biobank towards understanding the influence of genetic factors on the comorbidity due to CVDs and mood disorders. METHODS The UK Biobank database provides genetic and health information from half a million adults, aged 40-69 years, recruited between 2006 and 2010. A total of 117,925 participants and 6,128,294 variants were included for analysis after applying exclusion criteria and quality control steps. This study focused on two CVD phenotypes, two mood disorders and 12 cardiometabolic-related traits to conduct association studies. RESULTS The results indicated a significant positive genetic correlation between CVDs and overall mood disorders and MDD specifically, showing substantial genetic overlap. Genetic correlation between CVDs and bipolar disorder was not significant. Furthermore, significant genetic correlation between mood disorders and cardiometabolic traits was also reported. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study can be used to understand that CVDs and mood disorders share a great deal of genetic liability in individuals of European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Liao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amrita Chattopadhyay
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Center of Genomics and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Soliman SE, Abouelenin MAH, Samy NI, Omar MM, Alrefai AA. Various Expressions of PIK3C2A and TXNIP Genes and Their Potential Role as Independent Risk Factors for Chronic Stable Angina and Acute Coronary Syndrome. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020302. [PMID: 36830671 PMCID: PMC9953287 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Genetic factors play a significant role in the onset and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). PIK3C2A may contribute to the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by affecting blood glucose levels and oxidative stress. The expression levels of TXNIP were significantly higher in patients with unstable angina pectoris. However, the situation is different in ACS. In the current study, we aim to investigate the role of PIK3C2A and TXNIP as independent risk factors for chronic stable angina (CSA) and ACS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study involved 215 subjects (60 patients with CSA, 55 patients with ACS, and 100 controls). All subjects were exposed for assaying gene expressions of PIK3C2A and TXNIP by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS It was found that TXNIP was upregulated, whereas PIK3C2A was downregulated in patients with CAD compared to the control group. PIK3C2A was significantly downregulated in patients with ACS compared to that in patients with CSA (p < 0.001), but TXNIP was not (p = 0.7). TXNIP was significantly upregulated in STEMI-ACS patients compared to CSA (p = 0.045) and NSTEMI ACS (p = 0.046), among non-diabetic (p = 0.023) smokers (p = 0.036) with hypertension (p = 0.005) and hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.001). ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis revealed that PIK3C2A (0.981; p < 0.001; 98.18) was the most sensitive mRNA for discriminating ACS from control, followed by TXNIP (0.775; p < 0.001; 70.91). However, for discriminating ACS from CSA combined mRNAs, (PIK3C2A + TXNIP) (0.893; p < 0.001; 98.18) and PIK3C2A (0.892; p < 0.001; 81.82) are promising biomarkers. On the other hand, the most sensitive mRNA for differentiating CSA from control is mRNAs (PIK3C2A + TXNIP) (0.963; p < 0.001; 95), then TXINP (81.3; p < 0.001; 93.33), and finally, PIK3C2A (0.782; p < 0.001; 81.67). In the multivariate regression model, PIK3C2A ((p = 0.002), 0.118 (0.031-0.445)) and smoking status ((p = 0.034); 0.151 (0.026-0.866)) were independent variables for ACS. Moreover, PIK3C2A ((p < 0.013); 0.706 (0.614-0.812)), Hb ((p = 0.013); 0.525 (0.317-0.871)), and total cholesterol ((p = 0.04); 0.865 (0.784-0.955)) were significantly (p < 0.05) and independently related to the prognosis of CSA. Furthermore, PIK3C2A ((p = 0.002), 0.923 (0.877-0.971)), TXNIP ((p = 0.001); 2.809 (1.558-5.064)) the body weight ((p = 0.033); 1.254 (1.018-1.544)) were independently associated with CSA. CONCLUSIONS Our study concluded that the dysregulated mRNA PIK3C2A and TXNIP gene expressions may be useful in diagnosis of CAD and prediction of ACS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa E. Soliman
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin el Kom 32511, Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mai A. H. Abouelenin
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin el Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Neven I. Samy
- Cardiovascular Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin el Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Omar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin el Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Alrefai
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin el Kom 32511, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Heidari L, Ghaderian SMH, Bastami M, Hosseini S, Alipour Parsa S, Heidari S, Jafari H, Sohrabifar N, Pirhoushiaran M. Reverse expression pattern of sirtuin-1 and histone deacetylase-9 in coronary artery disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:46-53. [PMID: 32758009 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1797100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SIRT1 and HDAC 9 genes are related to inflammation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to evaluate the expression level, methylation profile and polymorphisms of these genes in CAD patients. METHODS In this study, 50 CAD patients and 50 healthy individuals were recruited. The expression level change was evaluated using the TaqMan Real-Time PCR method. The methylation of genes promoter and genotyping of polymorphisms were evaluated by the HRM. RESULTS The expression level of SIRT1 was reduced while the HDAC9 expression level showed a significant elevation (p < .001). The SIRT1 gene promoter was hypomethylated and the HDAC9 gene promoter was hypermethylated in CAD patients. Also, CG + GG genotype in SIRT1 and both genotypes in the HDAC9 gene were associated with expression change. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 and HDAC9 genes, expression changes can be suggested as a potential biomarker for CAD detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Hosseini
- Department of Medical Genetics Ward, Imam Khomeini, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Alipour Parsa
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahel Heidari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Jafari
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasim Sohrabifar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pirhoushiaran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang W, He J, Liu M, Huang M, Chen Q, Dong J, Zhang H, Xie T, Yuan J, Zha L. Genetic Analysis Reveals Different Mechanisms of IL-5 Involved in the Development of CAD in a Chinese Han Population. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1700857. [PMID: 36760349 PMCID: PMC9904894 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1700857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex disease and the leading cause of death worldwide. It is caused by genetic and environmental factors or their interactions. Candidate gene association studies are an important genetic strategy for the study of complex diseases, and multiple variants of inflammatory cytokines have been found to be associated with CAD using this method. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is an important inflammatory immune response factor that plays a role in a various inflammatory disease. Clinical tests and animal experiments indicated that IL-5 is involved in CAD development, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. This study investigated the genetic relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL5 and CAD. Materials and Methods Based on the Chinese Han population, we collected 1,824 patients with CAD and 1,920 control subjects and performed a two-stage case-control association analysis for three SNPs in IL5 (rs2057687, rs78546665, and rs2069812) using the high resolution melt (HRM) technology. Logistic regression analyses were applied to adjust for traditional risk factors for CAD and to perform haplotype and gene interaction analyses. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to study relationships between the selected SNPs and serum lipid levels. Results In this study, two-stage case-control association analysis revealed that the allele and genotype frequency distributions of the three IL5 SNPs were not statistically significant between the case and control groups. In addition, none of the IL5 haplotypes were associated with CAD. Further stratified analyses were conducted by sex, age, hypertension, and disease status, respectively, and the results revealed that the rs2057687 and rs2069812 of IL5 were associated with CAD in the male group (p adj = 0.025, OR, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.62-0.97); p adj = 0.016, OR, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.70-0.97), respectively); the rs2057687 and rs78546665 of IL5 were associated with late-onset CAD (p adj = 0.039, OR, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.62-0.99); p adj = 0.036, OR, 1.46 (95% CI, 1.02-1.53), respectively); the rs2069812 of IL5 was associated with CAD in the hypertension group (p adj = 0.036, OR, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.71-0.99)); and none of the SNPs in IL5 were associated with different CAD states (anatomical CAD and clinical CAD). In addition, the association between SNPs and the serum lipid levels indicated that rs78546665 was positively correlated with triglyceride levels (p = 0.012). Finally, SNP-SNP interaction analyses revealed that interactions of rs2057687 and rs2069812 were associated with CAD (p adj = 0.046, OR, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.13-4.68)). Conclusion This study suggested that the common variants of IL5 might play a role in CAD by affecting the risk factors for CAD and through SNP-SNP interactions, which provides a new target for specific treatment of CAD patients and a theoretical basis for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junyi He
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Meilin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mingkai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qianwen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiangtao Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lingfeng Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Kassab K, Gupta V. Simultaneous ST-elevation myocardial infarction in monozygotic twins: a case report of entangled twins. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2023; 7:ytad050. [PMID: 36793936 PMCID: PMC9924499 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The development of coronary artery disease (CAD) is strongly influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Monozygotic twins represent a unique population that provides insights into the interaction of genetic, environmental, and social factors and their effects on the development of CAD. Case summary Two 54-year-old identical twins presented to an outside hospital with acute chest pain. Twin B developed chest pain after witnessing Twin A in distress from an acute chest pain episode. Electrocardiogram performed on each of them was diagnostic of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Upon arrival at the angioplasty centre, Twin A was taken for emergency coronary angiography yet his pain subsided on the way to the catheterization lab hence, Twin B was taken for angiography instead. Twin B angiography demonstrated acute occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery and was treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Twin A coronary angiogram demonstrated 60% ostial first diagonal branch stenosis with a normal distal flow. He was diagnosed with possible coronary vasospasm. Conclusion This is the first report of a simultaneous presentation of monozygotic twins with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. While genetic and environmental contributions to the development of CAD have been described, this case highlights the strong social bond that exists between monozygotic twins. Once CAD is diagnosed in one twin, aggressive risk factor modification and screening should be implemented in the other.
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Abstract
Polygenic scores quantify inherited risk by integrating information from many common sites of DNA variation into a single number. Rapid increases in the scale of genetic association studies and new statistical algorithms have enabled development of polygenic scores that meaningfully measure-as early as birth-risk of coronary artery disease. These newer-generation polygenic scores identify up to 8% of the population with triple the normal risk based on genetic variation alone, and these individuals cannot be identified on the basis of family history or clinical risk factors alone. For those identified with increased genetic risk, evidence supports risk reduction with at least two interventions, adherence to a healthy lifestyle and cholesterol-lowering therapies, that can substantially reduce risk. Alongside considerable enthusiasm for the potential of polygenic risk estimation to enable a new era of preventive clinical medicine is recognition of a need for ongoing research into how best to ensure equitable performance across diverse ancestries, how and in whom to assess the scores in clinical practice, as well as randomized trials to confirm clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddh P Patel
- Division of Cardiology and Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; , .,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Division of Cardiology and Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; , .,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Yao J, Liang J, Li H. Screening for key genes in circadian regulation in advanced atherosclerosis: A bioinformatic analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:990757. [PMID: 36712250 PMCID: PMC9878187 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.990757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most important cardiovascular disease threatening human health, leading to adverse events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The research on the pathogenesis and causes of AS is being improved step by step, and many factors are associated with AS. However, the relationship between circadian regulation and the pathogenesis of AS is still unclear. Our study identified 2 key genes of circadian regulation in AS by bioinformatics analysis, which provides new perspectives to understand the relationship between circadian rhythm and AS. Methods We downloaded samples of early and advanced AS from public databases, screened key genes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Lasso, calculated the immune cell content of the samples using "CIBERSORT," and analyzed the relationship between key genes and immune cells. Results We obtained the most relevant core modules for advanced AS and analyzed the functions of these modules. Two circadian rhythm-related genes were obtained, which influence the immune infiltration of this late AS. ROC curves demonstrated the efficacy of key genes to differentiate between early and advanced AS. Conclusion We identified 2 genes most associated with circadian rhythms in advanced AS, whose association with AS has not been elucidated and may become the next therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Hongliang Li,
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O'Sullivan JW, Ashley EA, Elliott PM. Polygenic risk scores for the prediction of cardiometabolic disease. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:89-99. [PMID: 36478054 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases contribute more to global morbidity and mortality than any other group of disorders. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs), the weighted summation of individually small-effect genetic variants, represent an advance in our ability to predict the development and complications of cardiometabolic diseases. This article reviews the evidence supporting the use of PRS in seven common cardiometabolic diseases: coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, hypertension, heart failure and cardiomyopathies, obesity, atrial fibrillation (AF), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data suggest that PRS for CAD, AF, and T2DM consistently improves prediction when incorporated into existing clinical risk tools. In other areas such as ischaemic stroke and hypertension, clinical application appears premature but emerging evidence suggests that the study of larger and more diverse populations coupled with more granular phenotyping will propel the translation of PRS into practical clinical prediction tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W O'Sullivan
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Perry M Elliott
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- St. Bartholomew's Hospital, W Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
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41
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Polygenic risk scores in coronary artery disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:39-46. [PMID: 36598448 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent advances in genetics have facilitated the calculation of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on common genetic risk variants of coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we provide an explanation of the genetic basis for PRSs and review recent literature investigating PRSs and the clinical utility for different aspects of CAD. RECENT FINDINGS CAD-based PRSs are strongly associated with atherosclerosis burden in the coronary arteries and other vascular beds. In multiple studies, PRSs have proven to be a measure of CAD risk, more powerful than most established risk factors alone, that can be used from early life to stratify individuals into varying trajectories of lifetime risk. When implemented in risk stratification models for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, PRSs provide modest improvements in discrimination (C-index generally increasing 0-4% points) and reclassification, but yield significant clinical benefit as a risk enhancer. Additionally, data suggest possible value of PRSs for aiding decisions in other aspects of diagnostics and treatment in CAD. SUMMARY Once genotyped, the genetic information may be used to calculate an infinite number of PRSs and contribute to personalize medicine providing clinical value for risk stratification, diagnostics and treatment in CAD as well as in other diseases.
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Nam Y, Jung SH, Yun JS, Sriram V, Singhal P, Byrska-Bishop M, Verma A, Shin H, Park WY, Won HH, Kim D. Discovering comorbid diseases using an inter-disease interactivity network based on biobank-scale PheWAS data. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:6960923. [PMID: 36571484 PMCID: PMC9825330 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Understanding comorbidity is essential for disease prevention, treatment and prognosis. In particular, insight into which pairs of diseases are likely or unlikely to co-occur may help elucidate the potential relationships between complex diseases. Here, we introduce the use of an inter-disease interactivity network to discover/prioritize comorbidities. Specifically, we determine disease associations by accounting for the direction of effects of genetic components shared between diseases, and categorize those associations as synergistic or antagonistic. We further develop a comorbidity scoring algorithm to predict whether diseases are more or less likely to co-occur in the presence of a given index disease. This algorithm can handle networks that incorporate relationships with opposite signs. RESULTS We finally investigate inter-disease associations among 427 phenotypes in UK Biobank PheWAS data and predict the priority of comorbid diseases. The predicted comorbidities were verified using the UK Biobank inpatient electronic health records. Our findings demonstrate that considering the interaction of phenotype associations might be helpful in better predicting comorbidity. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code and data of this study are available at https://github.com/dokyoonkimlab/DiseaseInteractiveNetwork. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jae-Seung Yun
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Sriram
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pankhuri Singhal
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dokyoon Kim
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
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Kiiskinen T, Helkkula P, Krebs K, Karjalainen J, Saarentaus E, Mars N, Lehisto A, Zhou W, Cordioli M, Jukarainen S, Rämö JT, Mehtonen J, Veerapen K, Räsänen M, Ruotsalainen S, Maasha M, Niiranen T, Tuomi T, Salomaa V, Kurki M, Pirinen M, Palotie A, Daly M, Ganna A, Havulinna AS, Milani L, Ripatti S. Genetic predictors of lifelong medication-use patterns in cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Med 2023; 29:209-218. [PMID: 36653479 PMCID: PMC9873570 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic determinants of medication use in preventing cardiometabolic diseases. Using the Finnish nationwide drug purchase registry with follow-up since 1995, we performed genome-wide association analyses of longitudinal patterns of medication use in hyperlipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes in up to 193,933 individuals (55% women) in the FinnGen study. In meta-analyses of up to 567,671 individuals combining FinnGen with the Estonian Biobank and the UK Biobank, we discovered 333 independent loci (P < 5 × 10-9) associated with medication use. Fine-mapping revealed 494 95% credible sets associated with the total number of medication purchases, changes in medication combinations or treatment discontinuation, including 46 credible sets in 40 loci not associated with the underlying treatment targets. The polygenic risk scores (PRS) for cardiometabolic risk factors were strongly associated with the medication-use behavior. A medication-use enhanced multitrait PRS for coronary artery disease matched the performance of a risk factor-based multitrait coronary artery disease PRS in an independent sample (UK Biobank, n = 343,676). In summary, we demonstrate medication-based strategies for identifying cardiometabolic risk loci and provide genome-wide tools for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Kiiskinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pyry Helkkula
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristi Krebs
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elmo Saarentaus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Mars
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Lehisto
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wei Zhou
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mattia Cordioli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Jukarainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joel T Rämö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Mehtonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kumar Veerapen
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Markus Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mutaamba Maasha
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Malmo, Sweden
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mitja Kurki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Malmo, Sweden.
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Hodel F, Xu ZM, Thorball CW, de La Harpe R, Letang-Mathieu P, Brenner N, Butt J, Bender N, Waterboer T, Marques-Vidal PM, Vollenweider P, Vaucher J, Fellay J. Associations of genetic and infectious risk factors with coronary heart disease. eLife 2023; 12:79742. [PMID: 36785929 PMCID: PMC9928420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most pressing health problems of our time and a major cause of preventable death. CHD results from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Using multiplex serological testing for persistent or frequently recurring infections and genome-wide analysis in a prospective population study, we delineate the respective and combined influences of genetic variation, infections, and low-grade inflammation on the risk of incident CHD. Study participants are enrolled in the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study, a longitudinal, population-based cohort with baseline assessments from 2003 through 2008 and follow-up visits every 5 years. We analyzed a subgroup of 3459 individuals with available genome-wide genotyping data and immunoglobulin G levels for 22 persistent or frequently recurring pathogens. All reported CHD events were evaluated by a panel of specialists. We identified independent associations with incident CHD using univariable and multivariable stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Of the 3459 study participants, 210 (6.07%) had at least one CHD event during the 12 years of follow-up. Multivariable stepwise Cox regression analysis, adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors, socioeconomic status, and statin intake, revealed that high polygenic risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.31, 95% CI 1.10-1.56, p=2.64 × 10-3) and infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.08-2.45, p=1.99 × 10-2) were independently associated with incident CHD. In a prospective, population-based cohort, high polygenic risk and infection with F. nucleatum have a small, yet independent impact on CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Hodel
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Zhi Ming Xu
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Roxane de La Harpe
- Department of Medicine, Internal medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Prunelle Letang-Mathieu
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nicole Brenner
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Julia Butt
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Noemi Bender
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Pedro Manuel Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Julien Vaucher
- Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jacques Fellay
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland,Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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45
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Genetic prediction of medication use patterns in cardiometabolic disease. Nat Med 2023; 29:43-44. [PMID: 36683070 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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46
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G Protein-Coupled Receptor 15 Expression Is Associated with Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010180. [PMID: 36613626 PMCID: PMC9820726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond the influence of lifestyle-related risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI), the mechanisms of genetic predispositions for MI remain unclear. We sought to identify and characterize differentially expressed genes in early-onset MI in a translational approach. In an observational case−control study, transcriptomes from 112 early-onset MI individuals showed upregulated G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to controls (fold change = 1.4, p = 1.87 × 10−7). GPR15 expression correlated with intima-media thickness (β = 0.8498, p = 0.111), C-reactive protein (β = 0.2238, p = 0.0052), ejection fraction (β = −0.9991, p = 0.0281) and smoking (β = 0.7259, p = 2.79 × 10−10). The relation between smoking and MI was diminished after the inclusion of GPR15 expression as mediator in mediation analysis (from 1.27 (p = 1.9 × 10−5) to 0.46 (p = 0.21)). The DNA methylation of two GPR15 sites was 1%/5% lower in early-onset MI individuals versus controls (p = 2.37 × 10−6/p = 0.0123), with site CpG3.98251219 significantly predicting risk for incident MI (hazard ratio = 0.992, p = 0.0177). The nucleotide polymorphism rs2230344 (C/T) within GPR15 was associated with early-onset MI (odds ratio = 3.61, p = 0.044). Experimental validation showed 6.3-fold increased Gpr15 expression in an ischemic mouse model (p < 0.05) and 4-fold increased Gpr15 expression in cardiomyocytes under ischemic stress (p < 0.001). After the induction of MI, Gpr15gfp/gfp mice showed lower survival (p = 0.042) and deregulated gene expression for response to hypoxia and signaling pathways. Using a translational approach, our data provide evidence that GPR15 is linked to cardiovascular diseases, mediating the adverse effects of smoking.
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47
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Kang HS, Kim SY, Choi HG, Lim H, Kim JH, Kim JH, Cho SJ, Nam ES, Min KW, Park HY, Kim NY, Choi Y, Kwon MJ. Comparison of the Concordance of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Physical and Laboratory Examination Findings between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Korean Adult Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HTS Data. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224834. [PMID: 36432523 PMCID: PMC9693823 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) by comparing disease concordance in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional study analyzed 1294 (1040 monozygotic and 254 dizygotic) twin pairs (>20 years) based on the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data (2005−2014). The odds ratios of disease concordance were calculated using binomial and multinomial logistic regression models. The occurrence of CMDs (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, cerebral stroke, transient ischemic attack, and ischemic heart disease) and related physical and laboratory levels did not differ between the monozygotic and dizygotic twin groups. The odds for concordance of the presence/absence of CMDs and the likelihood of incident CMD within monozygotic twins were comparable to that of dizygotic twins. The absolute differences in hemoglobin A1c, insulin, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure were lower in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. Absolute differences in fasting glucose and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between groups. Although baseline levels of several laboratory parameters related to CMD showed a strong likelihood of heritability in monozygotic twins, CMD phenotype appears to be largely affected by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Suk Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Nam
- Department of Pathology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Young Kim
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Choi
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea
- Research Insititute for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Bergami M, Cenko E, Yoon J, Mendieta G, Kedev S, Zdravkovic M, Vasiljevic Z, Miličić D, Manfrini O, van der Schaar M, Gale CP, Badimon L, Bugiardini R. Statins for primary prevention among elderly men and women. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:3000-3009. [PMID: 34864917 PMCID: PMC9648819 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We undertook a propensity match-weighted cohort study to investigate whether statin treatment recommendations for statins translate into improved cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in the current routine clinical care of the elderly. METHODS AND RESULTS We included in our analysis (ISACS Archives -NCT04008173) a total of 5619 Caucasian patients with no known prior history of CV disease who presented to hospital with a first manifestation of CV disease with age of 65 years or older. The risk of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was much lower in statin users than in non-users in both patients aged 65-75 years [14.7% absolute risk reduction; relative risk (RR): 0.55, 95% CI 0.45-0.66] and those aged 76 years and older (13.3% absolute risk reduction; RR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.46-0.72). Estimates were similar in patients with and without history of hypercholesterolaemia (interaction test; P-values = 0.24 and 0.35). Proportional reductions in STEMI diminished with female sex in the old (P for interaction = 0.002), but not in the very old age (P for interaction = 0.26). We also observed a remarkable reduction in the risk of 30 day mortality from STEMI with statin therapy in both age groups (10.2% absolute risk reduction; RR: 0.39; 95% CI 0.23-0.68 for patients aged 76 or over and 3.8% absolute risk reduction; RR 0.37; 95% CI 0.17-0.82 for patients aged 65-75 years old; interaction test, P-value = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS Preventive statin therapy in the elderly reduces the risk of STEMI with benefits in mortality from STEMI, irrespective of the presence of a history of hypercholesterolaemia. This effect persists after the age of 76 years. Benefits are less pronounced in women. Randomized clinical trials may contribute to more definitively determine the role of statin therapy in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bergami
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico Sant’Orsola Malpighi, Padiglione 11, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edina Cenko
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico Sant’Orsola Malpighi, Padiglione 11, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sasko Kedev
- University Clinic of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University ‘Ss. Cyril and Methodius’, Skopje 1000, Macedonia
| | - Marija Zdravkovic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa are two separate words, Belgrade 11080, Serbia
| | - Zorana Vasiljevic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Davor Miličić
- Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olivia Manfrini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico Sant’Orsola Malpighi, Padiglione 11, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mihaela van der Schaar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California 56-125B Engineering IV Building 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594USA
- Cambridge Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics and Department of Population Health, University of Cambridge, Trinity Ln, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Chris P Gale
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program (ICCC), IR-IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CiberCV-Institute Carlos III, C/ Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Bugiardini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico Sant’Orsola Malpighi, Padiglione 11, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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49
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Naderi E, Schack LMH, Welsh C, Sim AYL, Aguado-Barrera ME, Dudding T, Summersgil H, Martínez-Calvo L, Ong EHW, Odding Y, Varela-Pazos A, Steenbakkers RJHM, Crijns APG, Jena R, Pring M, Dennis J, Lobato-Busto R, Alsner J, Ness A, Nutting C, Thomson DJ, Gómez-Caamaño A, Eriksen JG, Thomas SJ, Bates AM, Overgaard J, Cascallar-Caneda LM, Duprez F, Barnett GC, Dorling L, Chua MLK, Vega A, West CML, Langendijk JA, Nicolaj Andreassen C, Alizadeh BZ. Meta-GWAS identifies the heritability of acute radiation-induced toxicities in head and neck cancer. Radiother Oncol 2022; 176:138-148. [PMID: 36191651 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We aimed to the genetic components and susceptibility variants associated with acute radiation-induced toxicities (RITs) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed the largest meta-GWAS of seven European cohorts (n = 4,042). Patients were scored weekly during radiotherapy for acute RITs including dysphagia, mucositis, and xerostomia. We analyzed the effect of variants on the average burden (measured as area under curve, AUC) per each RIT, and standardized total average acute toxicity (STATacute) score using a multivariate linear regression. We tested suggestive variants (p < 1.0x10-5) in discovery set (three cohorts; n = 2,640) in a replication set (four cohorts; n = 1,402). We meta-analysed all cohorts to calculate RITs specific SNP-based heritability, and effect of polygenic risk scores (PRSs), and genetic correlations among RITS. RESULTS From 393 suggestive SNPs identified in discovery set; 37 were nominally significant (preplication < 0.05) in replication set, but none reached genome-wide significance (pcombined < 5 × 10-8). In-silico functional analyses identified "3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity" (FDR = 1.6e-10) for dysphagia, "inositol phosphate-mediated signalling" for mucositis (FDR = 2.20e-09), and "drug catabolic process" for STATacute (FDR = 3.57e-12) as the most enriched pathways by the RIT specific suggestive genes. The SNP-based heritability (±standard error) was 29 ± 0.08 % for dysphagia, 9 ± 0.12 % (mucositis) and 27 ± 0.09 % (STATacute). Positive genetic correlation was rg = 0.65 (p = 0.048) between dysphagia and STATacute. PRSs explained limited variation of dysphagia (3 %), mucositis (2.5 %), and STATacute (0.4 %). CONCLUSION In HNC patients, acute RITs are modestly heritable, sharing 10 % genetic susceptibility, when PRS explains < 3 % of their variance. We identified numerus suggestive SNPs, which remain to be replicated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Naderi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Line M H Schack
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gødstrup, Denmark
| | - Ceilidh Welsh
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adelene Y L Sim
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Dept of Head and Neck and Thoracic Cancers, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Miguel E Aguado-Barrera
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tom Dudding
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Holly Summersgil
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Martínez-Calvo
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Enya H W Ong
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Yasmin Odding
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - Ana Varela-Pazos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roel J H M Steenbakkers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne P G Crijns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rajesh Jena
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miranda Pring
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ramón Lobato-Busto
- Department of Medical Physics, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andy Ness
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - David J Thomson
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Gómez-Caamaño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesper G Eriksen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steve J Thomas
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy M Bates
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Luis M Cascallar-Caneda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fréderic Duprez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gillian C Barnett
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leila Dorling
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melvin L K Chua
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Dept of Head and Neck and Thoracic Cancers, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Catharine M L West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Nicolaj Andreassen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Nakaya N, Nakaya K, Tsuchiya N, Sone T, Kogure M, Hatanaka R, kanno I, Metoki H, Obara T, Ishikuro M, Hozawa A, Kuriyama S. Similarities in cardiometabolic risk factors among random male-female pairs: a large observational study in Japan. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1978. [PMID: 36307801 PMCID: PMC9617423 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous observational studies have shown similarities in cardiometabolic risk factors between spouses. It is still possible that this result reflects the age similarity of spouses rather than environmental factors of spouses (e.g. cohabitation effect). To clarify the importance of mate cardiometabolic risk factors for similarity of environmental factors, it is necessary to examine whether they are observed in random male-female pairs while maintaining the age of the spousal pairs. This study aimed to determine whether the similarities found between spousal pairs for cardiometabolic risks were also observed between random male-female pairs. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 5,391 spouse pairs from Japan; data were obtained from a large biobank study. For pairings, women of the same age were randomly shuffled to create new male-female pairs of the same age as that of the original spouse pairs. Similarities in cardiometabolic risk factors between the random male-female pairs were analysed using Pearson’s correlation or age-adjusted logistic regression analyses. Results: The mean ages of the men and women were 63.2 and 60.4 years, respectively. Almost all cardiometabolic risk factors similarities were not noted in cardiometabolic risk factors, including the continuous risk factors (anthropometric traits, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin level, and lipid traits); lifestyle habits (smoking, drinking, and physical activity); or diseases (hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome) between the random male-female pairs. The age-adjusted correlation coefficients ranged from − 0.007 for body mass index to 0.071 for total cholesterol. The age-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for current drinkers was 0.94 (0.81 − 1.09); hypertension, 1.07 (0.93 − 1.23); and type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1.08 (0.77 − 1.50). Conclusion: In this study, few similarities in cardiometabolic risk factors were noted among the random male-female pairs. As spouse pairs may share environmental factors, intervention strategies targeting lifestyle habits and preventing lifestyle-related diseases may be effective.
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