1
|
Herberg R, Smith B, Edsall A, Bennie B, Grover B, Mellion K, Pfeiffer J. Patient proximity to follow-up care after bariatric surgery: Does it matter? Am J Surg 2024; 238:115842. [PMID: 39024727 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.115842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
One factor that may play a significant role in the follow-up care compliance and long-term weight loss of post-bariatric surgery patients is the geographical distance from the surgery center to the patient's home address. This is a retrospective review which aims to evaluate whether the distance from a patient's home address to two Gundersen Health System (GHS) facilities (La Crosse and Onalaska, Wisconsin) is predictive of follow-up appointment compliance and subsequent long-term weight loss. 1336 patients undergoing bariatric surgery at GHS between October 15, 2013 and Dec 31, 2022 were included. Patients were grouped according to the distance between their home addresses and GHS with 60 % of patients living less than 30 miles from GHS, 33 % living 30 to 60 miles from GHS, and the remaining 7.3 % living >60 miles away. No significant difference was observed in the distribution of patients falling short, meeting, or exceeding the recommended number of post-operative appointments with a surgery provider based on proximity (p = 0.10). As distance increased, the number of nutrition and behavioral health appointments completed per year decreased [nutrition/dietary appointments (p = 0.046); behavioral health appointments (p = 0.040)]. The pattern of percent excess weight loss (%EWL) over time was significantly different based on distance from home (p < 0.001). Specifically, we found a similar %EWL among all groups in the first year post-operatively but an 18.8 % higher %EWL in the >60-mile group compared to the <60-mile group at 5 years (SE = 5.4, P = 0.0014). The lower number of post-op nutrition and behavioral health visits among patients living farther from the surgery center was an expected result, given potentially greater inconvenience of follow-up appointments for these patients. However, there was a paradoxical finding of significantly increased %EWL among patients living >60 miles from the surgery center. Greater distance from the bariatric surgical center was therefore not found to represent a barrier to favorable weight loss outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell Herberg
- Department of Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Brandon Smith
- Department of Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Edsall
- Department of Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Barbara Bennie
- Department of Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Brandon Grover
- Department of Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Katelyn Mellion
- Department of Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Joshua Pfeiffer
- Department of Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamakage H, Jo T, Tanaka M, Kato S, Hasegawa K, Masuda I, Matsuhisa M, Kotani K, Noda M, Satoh-Asahara N. Five percent weight loss is a significant 1-year predictor and an optimal 5-year cut-off for reducing the number of obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk components: the Japan Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1343153. [PMID: 38601201 PMCID: PMC11005029 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1343153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify the amount of weight loss needed in patients with obesity to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), over a long period of time. Methods A total of 576 patients with obesity were enrolled in this study. Effects of continuous physician-supervised weight loss on the cumulative MetS components excluding abdominal circumference (defined as obesity-related CVD risk score) were investigated during a 5-year follow-up period. The extent of weight loss required to reduce the obesity-related CVD risk components was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Results Of the 576 participants, 266 completed 5-year follow-up, with 39.1% and 24.1% of them achieving ≥5.0% and ≥7.5% weight loss at the 5-year follow-up, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for reducing the obesity-related CVD risk components was 0.719 [0.662-0.777] at 1 year and 0.694 [0.613-0.775] at 5 years. The optimal cut-off value for weight loss was 5.0% (0.66 sensitivity and 0.69 specificity) and the value with 0.80 specificity was 7.5% (0.45 sensitivity) at 5 years. Greater reductions in weight were associated with greater improvements in the obesity-related CVD risk score at all follow-up periods (P-trend <0.001). Obesity-related CVD risk score was significantly improved by 5.0-7.5% and ≥7.5% weight loss at 1 year (P = 0.029 and P < 0.001, respectively) and ≥7.5% weight loss at 5 years (P = 0.034). Conclusions A weight loss of ≥5.0% at 1 year and ≥7.5% at 5 years could reduce the number of obesity-related CVD risk components in patients with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Yamakage
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Jo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fushimi Momoyama General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Health Science University, Minamitsuru-gun, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izuru Masuda
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munehide Matsuhisa
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Ichikawa, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Syndrome and Nutritional Science, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ishida R, Ishii A, Matsuo T, Minami T, Yoshikawa T. Association between eating behavior and the immediate neural activity caused by viewing food images presented in and out of awareness: A magnetoencephalography study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275959. [PMID: 36580472 PMCID: PMC9799321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem in modern society. Considering the fact that the outcomes of treatments targeting appetitive behavior are suboptimal, one potential reason proposed for these poor outcomes is that appetitive behavior is driven more by unconscious decision-making processes than by the conscious ones targeted by traditional behavioral treatments. In this study, we aimed to investigate both the conscious and unconscious decision-making processes related to eating behavior, and to examine whether an interaction related to eating behavior exists between conscious and unconscious neural processes. The study was conducted on healthy male volunteers who viewed pictures of food and non-food items presented both above and below the awareness threshold. The oscillatory brain activity affected by viewing the pictures was assessed by magnetoencephalography. A visual backward masking procedure was used to present the pictures out of awareness. Neural activity corresponding to the interactions between sessions (i.e., food or non-food) and conditions (i.e., visible or invisible) was observed in left Brodmann's areas 45 and 47 in the high-gamma (60-200 Hz) frequency range. The interactions were associated with eating behavior indices such as emotional eating and cognitive restraint, suggesting that conscious and unconscious neural processes are differently involved in eating behavior. These findings provide valuable clues for devising methods to assess conscious and unconscious appetite regulation in individuals with normal or abnormal eating behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Ishida
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Minami
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Xue D, Shi B, Xia L, Chen W, Liu L, Liu J, Wang H, Ye F. Sleep duration and metabolic body size phenotypes among Chinese young workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1017056. [PMID: 36276399 PMCID: PMC9580563 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence linking sleep duration and metabolic body size phenotypes is limited, especially in young adulthood. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between sleep duration and metabolic body size phenotypes among Chinese young workers and investigate whether discrepancies exist among shift and non-shift workers. A cross-sectional study was performed between 2018 and 2019 in Wuhan, China and 7,376 young adults aged 20-35 years were included. Self-reported sleep duration was coded into four groups: <7, 7-8, 8-9, and ≥9 h per day. Participants were classified into four metabolic body size phenotypes according to their body mass index and metabolic health status: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between sleep duration and metabolic body phenotypes. Compared with those who slept 7-8 h each night, those with sleep duration <7 h per day had higher odds of MHO (OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.56) and MUO (OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.43), irrespective of multiple confounders. Stratification analyses by shift work showed that the association between short nighttime sleep and increased odds of MUO was only observed in shift workers (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03-1.54). Sleep duration is independently associated with metabolic body size phenotypes among Chinese young adults, while shift work could possibly modulate the association. These results may provide evidence for advocating adequate sleep toward favorable metabolic body size phenotypes in young workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshui Wang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Xue
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaiji Wang
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China,Huaiji Wang
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, China,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Fang Ye
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Subjective cognitive decline and total energy intake: Talk too much? Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:129-131. [PMID: 35211870 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The increasing longevity of the population has resulted in dementia becoming a leading cause of both death and disability. Dementia is not a single disease. Studies of rare Mendelian disorders have documented that Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia, is associated with a long incubation period from amyloid deposition to neurodegeneration to mild cognitive impairment and dementia. There are three broad hypotheses related to the causes of Alzheimer's dementia: (1) an aging process; (2) brain vascular disease; and (3) metabolic abnormalities associated with either increased production of amyloid-β or decreased clearance from the brain. Therefore, research on the early stages of the dementia process are of high priority. This paper reports that higher energy intake in both the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study is associated with very early symptoms that lead to mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The results are very interesting but hard to interpret because they also show that higher energy intake is not related to body mass index, a very unusual observation. A likely hypothesis is that there is an association between reporting of dietary intake and subjective symptoms, i.e. reporting bias, accounting for their results.
Collapse
|
7
|
Anti-Obesity Effects of a Mixture of Atractylodes macrocephala and Amomum villosum Extracts on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030906. [PMID: 35164174 PMCID: PMC8839705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the potential of (3:1) mixtures of Atractylodes macrocephala and Amomum villosum extracts has been proposed in the management of obesity, the purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of AME:AVE (3:1) mixture on weight loss, obesity-related biochemical parameters, adipogenesis and lipogenesis related proteins in 3T3-L1 cells and HFD-induced obesity in a mouse model. Treatment with AME:AVE (3:1) mixture inhibited lipid accumulation. Furthermore, the treatment with 75 and 150 mg/kg of AME:AVE (3:1) significantly decreased the body weight gain, white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, and plasma glucose level in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, treatment with 75 and 150 mg/kg AME:AVE (3:1) also significantly lowered the size of adipocytes in adipose tissue and reduced the lipid accumulation in liver. AME:AVE (3:1) treatment significantly decreased the expression of proteins related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and WAT of HFD-induced obese mice. These results suggest that the AME:AVE herbal mixture (3:1) has anti-obesity effects, which may be elicited by regulating the expression of adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related proteins in adipocytes and WAT in HFD-induced obesity in mice.
Collapse
|
8
|
Álvarez-Vásquez JL, Bravo-Guapisaca MI, Gavidia-Pazmiño JF, Intriago-Morales RV. Adipokines in dental pulp: physiological, pathological, and potential therapeutic roles. J Oral Biosci 2021; 64:59-70. [PMID: 34808362 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hundreds of adipokines have been identified, and their extensive range of endocrine functions-regulating distant organs such as oral tissues-and local autocrine/paracrine roles have been studied. In dentistry, however, adipokines are poorly known proteins in the dental pulp; few of them have been studied despite their large number. This study reviews recent advances in the investigation of dental-pulp adipokines, with an emphasis on their roles in inflammatory processes and their potential therapeutic applications. HIGHLIGHTS The most recently identified adipokines in dental pulp include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, oncostatin, chemerin, and visfatin. They have numerous physiological and pathological functions in the pulp tissue: they are closely related to pulp inflammatory mechanisms and actively participate in cell differentiation, mineralization, angiogenesis, and immune-system modulation. CONCLUSION Adipokines have potential clinical applications in regenerative endodontics and as biomarkers or targets for the pharmacological management of inflammatory and degenerative processes in dental pulp. A promising direction for the development of new therapies may be the use of agonists/antagonists to modulate the expression of the most studied adipokines.
Collapse
|
9
|
Caroline OB, Ebuehi OA, Cecilia OA, Kayode OA. Effect of Allium sativum extract in combination -with orlistat on insulin resistance and disrupted metabolic hormones in high fat diet induced obese rats. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
10
|
Kim BY, Kang SM, Kang JH, Kang SY, Kim KK, Kim KB, Kim B, Kim SJ, Kim YH, Kim JH, Kim JH, Kim EM, Nam GE, Park JY, Son JW, Shin YA, Shin HJ, Oh TJ, Lee H, Jeon EJ, Chung S, Hong YH, Kim CH. 2020 Korean Society for the Study of Obesity Guidelines for the Management of Obesity in Korea. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:81-92. [PMID: 34045368 PMCID: PMC8277596 DOI: 10.7570/jomes21022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent and complex disease. The prevalence of obesity in Korea increased from 29.7% in 2010 to 35.7% in 2018, with the prevalence of abdominal obesity being 23.8% in 2018. Obesity contributes to medical costs and socioeconomic burden due to associated comorbidities. The treatment and management of obesity is changing based on new clinical evidence. The 2020 Korean Society for the Study of Obesity Guideline for the Management of Obesity in Korea summarizes evidence-based recommendations and treatment guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Seon Mee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seo Young Kang
- International Healthcare Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Kon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bae Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bomtaeck Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine (AUSOM), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Dietetics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Park
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jang Won Son
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Yun-A Shin
- Department of Prescription and Rehabilitation of Exercise, College of Sport Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyug Lee
- Central St' Mary's Clinic Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eon-Ju Jeon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Hee Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Chong Hwa Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yin Y, Li Y, Shao L, Yuan S, Liu B, Lin S, Yang Y, Tang S, Meng F, Wu Y, Chen Y, Li B, Zhu Q, Qi X. Effect of Body Mass Index on the Prognosis of Liver Cirrhosis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:700132. [PMID: 34490322 PMCID: PMC8417598 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.700132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: At present, the association of body mass index (BMI) with the prognosis of liver cirrhosis is controversial. Our retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of BMI on the outcome of liver cirrhosis. Methods: In the first part, long-term death was evaluated in 436 patients with cirrhosis and without malignancy from our prospectively established single-center database. In the second part, in-hospital death was evaluated in 379 patients with cirrhosis and with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (AGIB) from our retrospective multicenter study. BMI was calculated and categorized as underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 23.0 kg/m2), and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 23.0 kg/m2). Results: In the first part, Kaplan-Meier curve analyses demonstrated a significantly higher cumulative survival rate in the overweight/obese group than the normal weight group (p = 0.047). Cox regression analyses demonstrated that overweight/obesity was significantly associated with decreased long-term mortality compared with the normal weight group [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.635; 95% CI: 0.405-0.998; p = 0.049] but not an independent predictor after adjusting for age, gender, and Child-Pugh score (HR = 0.758; 95%CI: 0.479-1.199; p = 0.236). In the second part, Kaplan-Meier curve analyses demonstrated no significant difference in the cumulative survival rate between the overweight/obese and the normal weight groups (p = 0.094). Cox regression analyses also demonstrated that overweight/obesity was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality compared with normal weight group (HR = 0.349; 95%CI: 0.096-1.269; p = 0.110). In both of the two parts, the Kaplan-Meier curve analyses demonstrated no significant difference in the cumulative survival rate between underweight and normal weight groups. Conclusion: Overweight/obesity is modestly associated with long-term survival in patients with cirrhosis but not an independent prognostic predictor. There is little effect of overweight/obesity on the short-term survival of patients with cirrhosis and with AGIB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly called General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, China
| | - Yiling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lichun Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Bang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team (formerly called Fuzhou General Hospital), Fuzhou, China
| | - Su Lin
- Liver Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yida Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanhong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Department of Biological Therapy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhai Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bimin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly called General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xingshun Qi
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Scheen
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - F. H. Luyckx
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Protein-rich diets are surging in popularity for weight loss. An increase in diet-induced thermogenesis, better preservation of fat-free mass, and enhanced satiety with greater dietary protein intakes may lead to increased energy expenditure and decreased energy intake; and thus promote a more negative energy balance that facilitates weight loss. Results from large randomized trials and meta-analyses of many smaller trials indicate that high-protein diets typically induce significantly greater amounts of weight loss than conventional low-fat or high-carbohydrate diets during the early, rapid weight loss phase (3-6 months), but differences between diets are attenuated and no longer significant during the late, slow weight loss phase (12-24 months). Gradually decreasing adherence may be responsible for this observation; in fact, dietary adherence, rather than macronutrient composition, is likely the major predictor of long-term weight loss success. Recently, some randomized trials evaluated the efficacy of high-protein (vs. normal-protein) diets consumed ad libitum during weight loss maintenance, i.e. after clinically significant weight loss. Weight regain may be smaller with high-protein diets in the short-term (3-12 months), but longer studies are needed to confirm this. Given the lack of conclusive evidence in favor of high-protein diets, or any other dietary pattern, it is reasonable to conclude that no individual nutrient is a friend or a foe when it comes to weight loss and its maintenance. Therefore, any diet that best suits one's dietary habits and food preferences is likely to be better adhered to, and thus lead to more successful long-term weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports / Obesity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Flanigan MJ, Bailie GR, Frankenfield DL, Frederick PR, Prowant BF, Rocco MV. 1996 Peritoneal Dialysis Core Indicators Study: Report on Nutritional Indicators. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089801800506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The 1996 Peritoneal Dialysis Core Indicators Study illustrates the conduct of peritoneal dialysis in the United States during 1996. Design and Patient Population The survey is a medical records audit of 1317 randomly selected adult U.S.A. Medicare patients using peritoneal dialysis during 1996. Outcome Measures Abstracted data included basic demographic characteristics, dialysis prescription, delivered dialysis dose, residual renal function, serum albumin, hematocrit, anemia management, and patient status. Results The survey included 785 patients using continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 423 using automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) primarily in the form of continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD). Except for the prescription mechanics and a greater likelihood that African-Americans would use CAPD, the groups did not differ substantially from one another. Evaluation of patient weight (W), body mass index (BMI), residual renal function, average serum albumin, protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (nPNA), and dialysis efficiency as weekly fractional urea nitrogen removal (wKt/V urea) and weekly creatinine clearance (wCrCI) revealed a picture of reasonable dialysis delivery and marginal protein nutrition. Additionally, there was little evidence that “dialysis efficiency,” over the range assessed, had a major influence on nutritional status. Despite a tendency toward obesity (body weight = 76.6 ± 20.0 kg and BMI = 27 ± 7), 47% of patients had an average serum albumin below “normal” (3.5 g/dL by bromcresol green) and 70% had a nPNA below 1.0 g/kg/day. Conclusions Peritoneal dialysis patients appear to have marginal protein reserves despite surfeit energy stores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Flanigan
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Diane L. Frankenfield
- Quality Measurement and Health Assessment Group, Office of Clinical Standards and Quality, Health Care Financing Administration, Baltimore, Maryland,
| | - Pamela R. Frederick
- Quality Measurement and Health Assessment Group, Office of Clinical Standards and Quality, Health Care Financing Administration, Baltimore, Maryland,
| | - Barbara F. Prowant
- Division of Nephrology, University of Missouri Health Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael V. Rocco
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effect of Body Mass Index on Ischemic and Bleeding Events in Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndromes (from the START-ANTIPLATELET Registry). Am J Cardiol 2019; 124:1662-1668. [PMID: 31585697 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of obesity on mortality in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) patients remains debated. We aimed at evaluating the impact of obesity on ischemic and bleeding events as possible explanations to the obesity paradox in ACS patients. For the purpose of this substudy, patients enrolled in the START-ANTIPLATELET registry were stratified according to body mass index (BMI) into 3 groups: normal, BMI <25 kg/m2; overweight, BMI: 25 to 29.9 kg/m2; obese, BMI ≥30 kg/m2. The primary end point was net adverse clinical end points (NACE), defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and major bleeding. In n = 1,209 patients, n = 410 (33.9%) were normal, n = 538 (44.5%) were overweight and n = 261 (21.6%) were obese. Compared to the normal weight group, obese and overweight patients had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors but were younger, with a better left ventricular ejection fraction and lower PRECISE-DAPT score. At 1-year follow-up net adverse clinical endpoints was more frequently observed in normal than in overweight and obese patients (15.1%, 8.6%, and9.6%, respectively; p = 0.004), driven by a significantly higher rate of all-cause death (6.3%, 2.6%, and 3.8%, respectively; p = 0.008), whereas no significant differences were noted in terms of myocardial infarction, stroke, and major bleeding. When correcting for confounding variables, BMI loses its power in independently predicting outcomes, failing to confirm the obesity paradox in a real-world ACS population. In conclusion, our study conflicts the obesity paradox in real-world ACS population, and suggest that the reduced rate of adverse events and mortality in obese patients may be explained by relevant differences in the clinical risk profile and medications rather than BMI per se.
Collapse
|
16
|
Frehner C, Cunha NM, Nagano FEZ, Almeida CCB, Junior EL. Identifying and classifying anthropometric indicator for cardiovascular risk and coronary artery calcification: a protocol for a scoping review study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031993. [PMID: 31594902 PMCID: PMC6797294 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality and disability worldwide, so the prevention becomes a priority in terms of public health. Therefore, it is necessary to use validated strategies to adequately identify these patients in daily clinical practice. The objective of this scope review is to comprehend and comprehensively describe the anthropometric indicators used in studies, such as such as weight, height, circumferences, lengths and skin folds, that address its association with coronary artery calcification to identify cardiovascular risk in the adult population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Using Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology as a guide, our scoping review of published reviews begins by searching several databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, Medline Complete (EbscoHost), Embase, LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde-BIREME Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde)and Web of Science and Scielo. As well as, it will be searched in the International Platform of the Registry of Clinical Trials of the WHO (www.who.int/ictrp); ClinicalTrials.gov; Transforming Research into Practice. Our team has formulated search strategies and two reviewers will independently screen eligible studies for final study selection. Bibliographic data and abstract content will be collected and analysed using a tool developed iteratively by the research team. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol reports a comprehensive, rigorous and transparent methodology. This scoping review will be the first study to compare anthropometric measurements and coronary artery calcification, and thereby will contribute to the design and comparison of future studies in this field. This protocol reports a comprehensive, rigorous and transparent methodology. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication. By identifying gaps in the current body of literature, this study can guide future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Frehner
- Medicina Interna e Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Paraná Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Natalia Morais Cunha
- Medicina Interna e Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Paraná Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Emilton Lima Junior
- Medicina Interna e Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Paraná Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park SH, Kim SY. Effectiveness of worksite-based dietary interventions on employees' obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:399-409. [PMID: 31583059 PMCID: PMC6760977 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.5.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study was designed to provide scientific evidence on the effectiveness of worksite-based dietary intervention to reduce obesity among overweight/obese employees. MATERIALS/METHODS Electronic search was performed using Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases. The keywords used were “obesity,” “nutrition therapy,” and “worksite.” The internal validity of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias. Meta-analysis of selected studies was performed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS A total of seven RCTs with 2,854 participants were identified. The effectiveness of dietary interventions was analyzed in terms of changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, and blood pressure. The results showed that weight decreased with weighted mean difference (WMD) of −4.37 (95% confidence interval (CI): −6.54 to −2.20), but the effectiveness was statistically significant only in short-term programs < 6 months (P = 0.001). BMI also decreased with WMD of −1.26 (95% CI: −1.98 to −0.55), but the effectiveness was statistically significant only in short-term programs < 6 months (P = 0.001). Total cholesterol decreased with WMD of −5.57 (95% CI: −9.07 to −2.07) mg/dL, demonstrating significant effectiveness (P = 0.002). Both systolic (WMD: −4.90 mmHg) and diastolic (WMD: −2.88 mmHg) blood pressure decreased, demonstrating effectiveness, but with no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The worksite-based dietary interventions for overweight/obese employees showed modest short-term effects. These interventions can be considered successful because weight loss was below approximately 5-10 kg of the initial body weight, which is the threshold for the management of obesity recommended by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hi Park
- School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31538, Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Obesity Suppresses Cell-Competition-Mediated Apical Elimination of RasV12-Transformed Cells from Epithelial Tissues. Cell Rep 2019; 23:974-982. [PMID: 29694905 PMCID: PMC6314181 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that newly emerging transformed cells are often eliminated from epithelial tissues via cell competition with the surrounding normal epithelial cells. This cancer preventive phenomenon is termed epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC). However, it remains largely unknown whether and how EDAC is diminished during carcinogenesis. In this study, using a cell competition mouse model, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding substantially attenuates the frequency of apical elimination of RasV12-transformed cells from intestinal and pancreatic epithelia. This process involves both lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, aspirin treatment significantly facilitates eradication of transformed cells from the epithelial tissues in HFD-fed mice. Thus, our work demonstrates that obesity can profoundly influence competitive interaction between normal and transformed cells, providing insights into cell competition and cancer preventive medicine. Sasaki et al. demonstrate using a cell competition mouse model that high-fat diet feeding substantially attenuates the frequency of apical elimination of RasV12-transformed cells from intestinal and pancreatic epithelia. These results indicate that obesity can profoundly influence competitive interaction between normal and transformed cells at the initial stage of carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Magkos F. Metabolically healthy obesity: what's in a name? Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:533-539. [PMID: 31240297 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolically healthy obesity refers to an obesity phenotype with no or little evidence of metabolic dysfunction. Lower liver fat content and visceral adipose tissue, greater insulin sensitivity and secretion, greater cardiorespiratory fitness, and a predominantly lower body (i.e., leg) fat deposition are key physiological traits of a metabolically healthy phenotype. About 35% of all subjects with obesity are metabolically healthy. These individuals have approximately half the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared with metabolically unhealthy subjects with obesity, but they still have a significantly greater risk (by 50-300%) compared with metabolically healthy lean subjects. Therefore, absence of metabolic risk factors in people with obesity should not be a contraindication for weight-loss treatment. Metabolically healthy obesity needs to be treated, and this need is reinforced by the fact that this phenotype is not stable over time, as ∼50% of these subjects will cease being metabolically healthy within ∼10 y. Intervening early is therefore important. Weight loss dose-dependently decreases visceral adipose tissue and liver fat content, and it improves multiorgan insulin sensitivity and β-cell function (i.e., it beneficially affects many of the physiological traits of a metabolically healthy phenotype); however, weight loss is very difficult to maintain. This typically results in disappointment among patients and hinders adherence, which is likely critical for the limited success of most weight-loss treatments in the long term. On the other hand, using ≥1 metabolic health targets in a non-weight-loss-centered treatment paradigm that includes prudent dietary changes and increased physical activity can serve as an appropriate first goal that can help motivate patients toward the long-term goals of obesity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Avila-Carrasco L, Pavone MA, González E, Aguilera-Baca Á, Selgas R, Del Peso G, Cigarran S, López-Cabrera M, Aguilera A. Abnormalities in Glucose Metabolism, Appetite-Related Peptide Release, and Pro- inflammatory Cytokines Play a Central Role in Appetite Disorders in Peritoneal Dialysis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:630. [PMID: 31191339 PMCID: PMC6547940 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Appetite disorders are frequent and scantly studied in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and are associated with malnutrition and cardiovascular complications. Objective: We investigated the relationship between uremic insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and appetite-related peptides release (ARPr) with eating-behavior disorders in PD patients. Methods: We included 42 PD patients (12 suffering anorexia, 12 obese with high food-intake, and 18 asymptomatic) and 10 controls. We measured blood levels of ARPr including orexigens [neuropeptide-Y (NPY), ghrelin, and nitric-oxide], anorexigens [cholecystokinin, insulin, corticotropin-releasing factor, leptin, and adiponectin (Ad)], and cytokines (TNF-α, sTNFα-R2, and IL-6) both at baseline and after administering a standard-food stimulus (SFS). We also measured the expression of TNF-α, leptin and Ad-encoding mRNAs in abdominal adipose tissue. We compared these markers with eating motivation measured by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: Anorexics showed both little appetite, measured by a VAS, and low levels of orexigens that remained constant after SFS, coupled with high levels of anorexigens at baseline and after SFS. Obeses showed higher appetite, increased baseline levels of orexigens, lower baseline levels of anorexigens and cytokines and two peaks of NPY after SFS. The different patterns of ARPr and cytokines pointed to a close relationship with uremic insulin resistance. In fact, the euglycemic-hyperglycemic clamp reproduced these disorders. In anorexics, TNF-α fat expression was increased. In obese patients, leptin expression in fat tissue was down-regulated and showed correlation with the appetite. Conclusion: In PD, appetite is governed by substances that are altered at baseline and abnormally released. Such modulators are controlled by insulin metabolism and cytokines and, while anorexics display inflammatory predominance, obese patients predominantly display insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Avila-Carrasco
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Mario A Pavone
- Servicio de Nefrología Hospital Can Misses, Ibiza, Spain
| | - Elena González
- Servicio de Nefrología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Aguilera-Baca
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital Escuela, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Honduras, Honduras
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Servicio de Nefrología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Del Peso
- Servicio de Nefrología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aguilera
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oren T, Nimri L, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Staikin K, Hadar Y, Friedler A, Amartely H, Slutzki M, Pizio AD, Niv MY, Peri I, Graeve L, Schwartz B. Recombinant Ostreolysin Induces Brown Fat-Like Phenotype in HIB-1B Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1970012. [PMID: 30835934 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201970012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
22
|
Bergen M, Mollen D. Teaching Sizeism: Integrating Size into Multicultural Education and Clinical Training. WOMEN & THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02703149.2018.1524065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Bergen
- Counseling and Psychological Services, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, Texas
| | - Debra Mollen
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Park SH, Hwang J, Choi YK. Effect of Mobile Health on Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthc Inform Res 2019; 25:12-26. [PMID: 30788177 PMCID: PMC6372470 DOI: 10.4258/hir.2019.25.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to examine the effects of mobile health (mHealth), using mobile phones as an intervention for weight loss in obese adults. METHODS An electronic search was carried out using multiple databases. A meta-analysis of selected studies was performed. The effects of mHealth were analyzed using changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS We identified 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2,318 participants who fit our inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that body weight was reduced with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of -2.35 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.84 to -1.87). An examination of the impact of duration of intervention showed that weight loss was greater after 6 months of mHealth (WMD = -2.66 kg) than between three and four months (WMD = -2.25 kg); it was maintained for up to 9 months (WMD = -2.62 kg). At 12 months, weight loss was reduced to a WMD of -1.23 kg. BMI decreased with a WMD of -0.77 kg/m2 (95% CI, -1.01 to -0.52). BMI changes were not statistically significant at 3 months (WMD = -1.10 kg/m2), but they were statistically significant at 6 months (WMD = -0.67 kg/m2). CONCLUSIONS The use of mHealth for obese adults showed a modest short-term effect on body weight and BMI. Although the weight loss associated with mHealth did not meet the recommendation of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network, which considers a reduction of approximately 5 to 10 kg of the initial body weight as a successful intervention. Well-designed RCTs are needed to reveal the effects of mHealth interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hi Park
- School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Jeonghae Hwang
- Department of Health Administration, Hanyang Cyber University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Nursing, College of Natural Sciences, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Whiting AC, Sutton EF, Walker CT, Godzik J, Catapano JS, Oh MY, Tomycz ND, Ravussin E, Whiting DM. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Hypothalamus Leads to Increased Metabolic Rate in Refractory Obesity. World Neurosurg 2018; 121:e867-e874. [PMID: 30315980 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, with very few long-term successful treatment options for refractory disease. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the bilateral lateral hypothalamus (LH) in refractory obesity has been performed safely. However, questions remain regarding the optimal settings and its effects on metabolic rate. The goals of our experiment were to determine the optimal DBS settings and the actual effect of optimal stimulation on energy expenditure. METHODS After bilateral LH DBS implantation, 2 subjects with treatment refractory obesity underwent 4 days of metabolic testing. The subjects slept overnight in a respiratory chamber to measure their baseline sleep energy expenditure, followed by 4 consecutive days of resting metabolic rate (RMR) testing at different stimulation settings. On day 4, the optimized DBS settings were used, and sleep energy expenditure was measured again overnight in the room calorimeter. RESULTS During daily testing, the RMR fluctuated acutely with changes in stimulation settings and returned to baseline immediately after turning off the stimulation. Optimal stimulation settings selected for participants showed a 20% and 16% increase in RMR for the 2 participants. Overnight sleep energy expenditure measurements at these optimized settings on day 4 yielded a 10.4% and 4.8% increase over the baseline measurements for the 2 participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings have demonstrated the efficacy of optimized DBS of the LH on increasing the RMR acutely and maintaining this increase during overnight sleep. These promising preliminary findings have laid the groundwork for the possible treatment of refractory obesity with DBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Whiting
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Sutton
- Division of Clinical Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Corey T Walker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jakub Godzik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael Y Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nestor D Tomycz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Division of Clinical Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Donald M Whiting
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored how experiences of stress in adulthood, including the occurrence of stressful life events and psychosocial strains in various life domains, might be related to stress-related eating and indicators of obesity, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. METHOD Cross-sectional data were examined from 3,708 adults in the Midlife in the U.S. study (MIDUS II). RESULTS Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that experiences of stress were associated with higher BMI and waist circumference, even after controlling for age, annual household income, education level, race, and sex, although the additional variance accounted for was small. A nonparametric bootstrapping approach indicated that stress-related eating mediated the association between experiences of stress and indicators of obesity. Moderated-mediation analyses indicated that the relationship between experiences of stress and stress-related eating was amplified for women and individuals with obesity in comparison to men and individuals without obesity. Mindfulness did not moderate the experiences of stress and stress-related eating association. CONCLUSIONS These results provide further evidence of the contributions of psychosocial factors to chronic disease risk. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- College of Education, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stoner L, Rowlands D, Morrison A, Credeur D, Hamlin M, Gaffney K, Lambrick D, Matheson A. Efficacy of Exercise Intervention for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: Meta-Analysis and Implications. Sports Med 2018; 46:1737-1751. [PMID: 27139723 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global rise in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents has been linked to modifiable lifestyle factors, including lack of physical activity. However, no known meta-analysis has been conducted on the effects of exercise intervention on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adolescents. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to (1) estimate whether exercise intervention meaningfully improves body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adolescents; and (2) discuss the implications of the findings in terms of primary healthcare provision and public health policy, using New Zealand as an exemplar context. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar) from inception to May 2015. The reference lists of eligible articles and relevant reviews were also checked. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria were (1) randomized controlled trial; (2) structured exercise intervention, alone or combined with any other kind of intervention; (3) control group received no structured exercise or behavioural modification designed to increase physical activity; (4) participants overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥85th percentile); and (5) participants aged between 10 and 19 years. APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Initially, 1667 articles were identified. After evaluation of study characteristics, quality and validity, data from 13 articles (15 trials) involving 556 participants (176 male, 193 female, 187 unknown) were extracted for meta-analysis. Meta-analyses were completed on five body composition parameters and ten cardiometabolic parameters. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated as mean differences, as well as standardized mean differences in order to determine effect magnitude. RESULTS Exercise intervention reduced BMI (mean 2.0 kg/m2, 95 % CI 1.5-2.5; ES moderate), body weight (mean 3.7 kg, 95 % CI 1.7-5.8; ES small), body fat percentage (3.1 %, 95 % CI 2.2-4.1; ES small), waist circumference (3.0 cm, 95 % CI 1.3-4.8; ES small), but the increase (improvement) in lean mass was trivial (mean 1.6 kg, 95 % CI 0.5-2.6). The response to an oral glucose tolerance test following exercise intervention was for a decrease in the area under the curve for insulin (mean 162 μU/μl, 95 % CI 93-231; ES large) and blood glucose (mean 39 mg/dl, 95 % CI 9.4-69; ES moderate). Improvements in the homeostatic model assessment were also noted (mean 1.0, 95 % CI 0.7-1.4; ES moderate) and systolic blood pressure (mean 7.1 mmHg, 95 % CI 3.5-10.7; ES moderate). The effects of exercise on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting insulin and fasting blood glucose were inconclusive. LIMITATIONS Most of the included trials were short term (6-36 weeks) and 13 had methodological limitations. Additionally, the meta-analyses for some of the secondary outcomes had a small number of participants or substantial statistical heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence suggests that exercise intervention in overweight and obese adolescents improves body composition, particularly by lowering body fat. The limited available evidence further indicates that exercise intervention may improve some cardiometabolic risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Stoner
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington, New Zealand. .,School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - David Rowlands
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ariel Morrison
- School of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Daniel Credeur
- School of Human Performance and Recreation, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Michael Hamlin
- Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kim Gaffney
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Anna Matheson
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
PREVALENCE OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND UNDERNUTRITION AMONG URBAN SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BANGLADESH. J Biosoc Sci 2018; 51:244-253. [DOI: 10.1017/s0021932018000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryDespite the ongoing problems of undernutrition and infectious disease, obesity and overweight have become a major problem in developing countries, including Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight among school children aged 6–12 years in Bangladesh. The study was conducted from June 2012 to May 2013 and the study sample comprised 1768 children (980 boys; 788 girls) from eight purposively selected schools in different areas of Dhaka city. Students were interviewed about their diet and physical activity, and anthropometric measurements were made, including height, weight, mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference, hip circumference and body mass index (BMI). Undernutrition, overweight and obesity were defined using internationally accepted BMI cut-off points. Mean height, weight, BMI, MUAC, waist circumference and hip circumference values were found to be higher in boys than in girls, except at age 12 when these were found to be significantly higher in girls than in boys (p<0.05). The mean prevalence of overweight was 10.0% (boys 10.2%; girls 9.8%), and that of obesity 5.0% (boys 4.3%; girls 5.8%). The prevalence of underweight was 16.3% in boys and 12.7% in girls. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in poor than in rich children (22.1% vs 11.2%) and that of obesity was higher in rich than in poor children (9.9% vs 1.3%;p<0.001). A family history of obesity and hypertension emerged as a significant predictor of developing overweight and obesity (p<0.001). The data suggest that underweight and obesity co-exist in urban areas of Bangladesh, posing a challenge for the nutritional health of Bangladeshi children.
Collapse
|
28
|
Takada K, Ishii A, Matsuo T, Nakamura C, Uji M, Yoshikawa T. Neural activity induced by visual food stimuli presented out of awareness: a preliminary magnetoencephalography study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3119. [PMID: 29449657 PMCID: PMC5814400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem in modern society. Appetitive behavior has been proposed to be partially driven by unconscious decision-making processes and thus, targeting the unconscious cognitive processes related to eating behavior is essential to develop strategies for overweight individuals and obese patients. Here, we presented food pictures below the threshold of awareness to healthy male volunteers and examined neural activity related to appetitive behavior using magnetoencephalography. We found that, among participants who did not recognize food pictures during the experiment, an index of heart rate variability assessed by electrocardiography (low-frequency component power/high-frequency component power ratio, LF/HF) just after picture presentation was increased compared with that just before presentation, and the increase in LF/HF was negatively associated with the score for cognitive restraint of food intake. In addition, increased LF/HF was negatively associated with increased alpha band power in Brodmann area (BA) 47 caused by food pictures presented below the threshold of awareness, and level of cognitive restraint was positively associated with increased alpha band power in BA13. Our findings may provide valuable clues to the development of methods assessing unconscious regulation of appetite and offer avenues for further study of the neural mechanisms related to eating behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuko Takada
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Chika Nakamura
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masato Uji
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rogge MM, Gautam B. Biology of obesity and weight regain: Implications for clinical practice. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2017; 29:S15-S29. [PMID: 29024550 DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Weight loss is recommended as first-line therapy for many chronic illnesses, including obesity. Most patients who do successfully lose weight are unable to maintain their reduced weight. Recent research findings are reviewed and synthesized to explain the biology of obesity, adaptation to weight loss, and weight regain. FINDINGS Weight regain is a common consequence of successful weight loss. Current obesity management strategies fail to take into consideration the underlying genetic and environmental causes of obesity. Available treatment modalities create a negative energy balance that stimulates integrated, persistent neurologic, endocrine, muscle, and adipose tissue adaptation to restore body weight and fat mass, independent of lifestyle changes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Understanding the pathophysiology of obesity and weight loss alters nurse practitioners' responsibilities in caring for patients with obesity. They are responsible for expanding assessment and intervention strategies and offering people with obesity realistic expectations for weight loss and regain. They are obligated to explain weight regain when it occurs to minimize patient frustration. Nurse practitioners have the opportunity to adopt new approaches to patient advocacy, especially in the areas of public policy to improve diagnostic tools and adjunctive therapy for people with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Madeline Rogge
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Nursing, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Bibha Gautam
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Nursing, Lubbock, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Orozco-Ruiz X, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, Tovar AR, Torres N, Medina-Vera I, Prinelli F, Lafortuna CL, Guevara-Cruz M. Development and validation of new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in adults with overweight and obesity. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:2198-2205. [PMID: 29169857 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Accurate predictive equations of resting energy expenditure (REE) are crucial in devising nutritional strategies to manage overweight/obesity, especially in countries where these are highly prevalent. REE is the most common measurement used to estimate energy requirements in the nutritional context; the most accurate method of measuring REE is indirect calorimetry (IC). However, this method is costly and often rarely feasible in many clinical settings. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a new equation for predicting REE in adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study including 410 men and women with overweight and obesity (20-60 y). Participants were randomly assigned; the development group included 200 subjects and the validation group 210 subjects. The new predictive equation was derived using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. The accuracy of the new equation was compared to several existing predictive equations (PEs). The accuracy rate was calculated as the percentage of subjects whose REE-PE was within ±10% of the REE-IC. REE was measured by IC and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS One predictive equation was developed (NEQ) in which weight was the strongest predictor of REE. Compared with others predicted equations already using, the new designed equation showed the less mean bias (Kj/day): NEQ: 25.7, Valencia:129, WHO/FAO/United Nations University: 270, Mifflin-St Jeor: 308, Owen: -808, Carrasco: -1097, Korth: -36.4, Johnstone: -375, Livingstone: -315, De Lorenzo: -28.3, Lazzer: -123, Muller: -145, Huang: -399 and Bernstein: -1335. CONCLUSIONS The present equation had the highest predictive accuracy in subjects with overweight or obesity compared with the previous equations derived from different populations. Thus, these new equation can be used to assist the nutritional management of these subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Orozco-Ruiz
- Departmento de Fisiología de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros
- Departmento de Fisiología de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departmento de Fisiología de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departmento de Fisiología de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departmento de Fisiología de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Federica Prinelli
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20090 Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio L Lafortuna
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, 20090 Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Departmento de Fisiología de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México D.F., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Impact of Body Mass Index on 5-Year Clinical Outcomes in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction After Everolimus-Eluting or Bare-Metal Stent Implantation. Am J Cardiol 2017; 120:1460-1466. [PMID: 28864322 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with high body mass index (BMI) seem to have better outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention than normal-weight patients. However, contrasting results have been reported on the "obesity paradox" in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of BMI on mortality in the population enrolled in the Evaluation of the Xience-V stent in Acute Myocardial INfArcTION (EXAMINATION) trial. The EXAMINATION trial randomized 1,498 patients with STEMI to a bare-metal stent or an everolimus-eluting stent. In this substudy patients were stratified into 3 groups according to BMI values: normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI = 25 to 29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The coprimary end points were the all-cause and cardiac deaths among the groups at the 5-year follow-up. BMI was available in 1,421 patients, divided in 401 (28.2%) normal, 702 (49.4%) overweight, and 318 (22.4%) obese. Obese patients were younger (p = 0.012) compared with the other groups, but with a worse cardiovascular risk profile. They were more frequently female (p <0.001) and with a higher rate of obesity-related co-morbidity conditions such as diabetes mellitus (p = 0.005), arterial hypertension (p <0.001), and hyperlipidemia (p = 0.001) compared with the other groups. At the 5-year follow-up, all-cause and cardiac deaths were less frequent in obese patients than in the other groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.030, respectively). After adjustment for confounding variables, BMI was an independent predictor of all-cause death (hazard ratio 0.765, 95% confidence interval 0.599 to 0.979, p = 0.033), but not of cardiac death, without any interaction with the stent type. In conclusion, in patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI, the long-term all-cause death rate decreased as BMI increased, confirming the obesity paradox, irrespective of the stent type.
Collapse
|
32
|
Praharaj AB, Goenka RK, Dixit S, Gupta MK, Kar SK, Negi S. Lacto-Vegetarian Diet and Correlation of Fasting Blood Sugar with Lipids in Population Practicing Sedentary Lifestyle. Ecol Food Nutr 2017; 56:351-363. [PMID: 28891681 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2017.1337570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rising burden of diabetes in India requires quick intervention that integrates policies and programs for effective prevention and control of disease. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to observe effect of diet in two Indian communities practicing sedentary lifestyle. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for blood sugar, glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1C), and lipid profile. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) measurements were recorded. Diabetes incidence was lower in lacto-vegetarian (1.7%) than in non-vegetarian group (5.3%) despite similar lipid profiles and BMI/WC between the groups. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was positively correlated with LDL and VLDL levels and negatively correlated with HDL, only in lacto-vegetarian group. Study suggests: (1) Indian lacto-vegetarian diet has beneficial effects on diabetes incidence irrespective of high body weight and sedentary lifestyle; (2) intervention to reduce body lipids, such as lipid-lowering drugs and exercise, may have greater effect in reducing FBS levels in this lacto-vegetarian group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sujata Dixit
- a Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Chandrasekharpur , Bhubaneswar , Odisha , India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- a Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Chandrasekharpur , Bhubaneswar , Odisha , India
| | - Shantanu Kumar Kar
- a Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Chandrasekharpur , Bhubaneswar , Odisha , India
| | - Sapna Negi
- c National Institute of Pathology (ICMR) , New Delhi , India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
White UA, Fitch MD, Beyl RA, Hellerstein MK, Ravussin E. Association of In Vivo Adipose Tissue Cellular Kinetics With Markers of Metabolic Health in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2171-2178. [PMID: 28323935 PMCID: PMC5505198 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue (AT) expansion occurs by hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Impaired hyperplasia, or adipogenesis, has been associated with obesity-related diseases. OBJECTIVE We examined how in vivo adipogenesis in the subcutaneous abdominal (scABD) and femoral (scFEM) depots (via 8-week incorporation of deuterium) correlates with markers of metabolic health. DESIGN Data from 52 women with obesity [27 black and 25 white; 29.7 ± 5.5 years; body mass index (BMI) 32.2 ± 2.8 kg/m2; 44.3% ± 4.0% body fat] were analyzed at Pennington Biomedical Research Center. MAIN OUTCOMES A linear repeated measure model was used to assess the fraction of new adipose cells and the associated covariates. Akaike information criterion determined the covariates that best described the data. Simple associations were examined using Spearman's correlation. RESULTS The covariates that were associated with adipose kinetics included BMI, visceral AT/total abdominal AT (VAT/TAT) ratio, and the Matsuda index. Simple correlations demonstrated that adipocyte and preadipocyte formation in scABD (P = 0.02 and P = 0.16, trend, respectively) and scFEM (P = 0.01 and P = 0.24, trend, respectively) depots correlated positively with VAT/TAT. Preadipocyte and adipocyte formation in the scABD (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.02, respectively) and scFEM (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.003, respectively) was negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our results challenge the AT expandability hypothesis and suggest that higher in vivo adipose cell turnover is positively associated with BMI and VAT/TAT and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity, all correlates of impaired metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula A. White
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Mark D. Fitch
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Robbie A. Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | | | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oren T, Nimri L, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Staikin K, Hadar Y, Friedler A, Amartely H, Slutzki M, Pizio AD, Niv MY, Peri I, Graeve L, Schwartz B. Recombinant ostreolysin induces brown fat-like phenotype in HIB-1B cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28464422 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main regulator of thermogenesis by increasing energy expenditure through the uncoupling of oxidative metabolism from ATP synthesis. There is a growing body of evidence for BAT being the key responsible organ in combating obesity and its related disorders. Herein we propose the fungal protein ostreolysin (Oly), which has been previously shown to bind to cholesterol-enriched raft-like membrane domains (lipid rafts) of mammalian cells, as a suitable candidate for interaction with brown preadipocytes. The aim of the present study was therefore to characterize the mechanism by which a recombinant version of ostreolysin (rOly) induces brown adipocyte differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS Primary isolated brown preadipocytes or HIB-1B brown preadipocyte cells were treated with rOly and the effects on morphology, lipid accumulation, respiration rate, and associated gene and protein expression were measured. rOly upregulated mRNA and protein levels of factors related to brown adipocyte differentiation, induced lipid droplet formation, and increased cellular respiration rate due to expression of uncoupling protein 1. rOly also upregulated β-tubulin expression, and therefore microtubules might be involved in its mechanism of action. CONCLUSION rOly promotes brown adipocyte differentiation, suggesting a new mechanism for rOly's contribution to the battle against obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Oren
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lili Nimri
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einav Yehuda-Shnaidman
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katy Staikin
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Hadar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Friedler
- Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Amartely
- Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Slutzki
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Masha Y Niv
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irena Peri
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lutz Graeve
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Betty Schwartz
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cho AR, Choi WJ, Kim SH, Shim JY, Lee YJ. Joint Effect of Cigarette Smoking and Body Mass Index on White Blood Cell Count in Korean Adults. Korean J Fam Med 2017; 38:75-80. [PMID: 28360982 PMCID: PMC5371587 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background White blood cell count is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Several lifestyle and metabolic factors such as cigarette smoking and obesity are known to be associated with an elevated white blood cell count. However, the joint effect of cigarette smoking and obesity on white blood cell count has not yet been fully described. Methods We explored the joint effect of cigarette smoking and obesity on white blood cell count using multiple logistic regression analyses after adjusting for confounding variables in a population-based, cross-sectional study of 416,065 Korean adults. Results Cigarette smoking and body mass index have a dose-response relationship with a higher white blood cell count, but no synergistic interaction is observed between them (men, P for interaction=0.797; women, P for interaction=0.311). Cigarette smoking and body mass index might have an additive combination effect on high white blood cell count. Obese male smokers were 2.36 times more likely and obese female smokers 2.35 times more likely to have a high white blood cell count when compared with normal body mass index non-smokers. Conclusion Cigarette smoking and body mass index are independently associated with an elevated white blood cell count in both men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-Ra Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Jun Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Hye Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Shim
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Weight recovery among obese patients who have lost weight through lifestyle modification or bariatric surgery is a common clinical challenge that often leads to patient stigmatization and unexpected health problems. A review of the literature describes how weight loss alters energy homeostasis to limit weight loss and restore lost fat mass in patients who have successfully lost weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Madeline Rogge
- Mary Madeline Rogge is an associate professor at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Nursing, Lubbock, Tex. Bibha Gautam is an assistant professor, clinical site coordinator at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Nursing, Lubbock, Tex
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Il'yasova D, Wong BJ, Waterstone A, Kinev A, Okosun IS. Systemic F 2-Isoprostane Levels in Predisposition to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Emphasis on Racial Differences. DIVERSITY AND EQUALITY IN HEALTH AND CARE 2017; 14:91-101. [PMID: 32523692 DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on racial differences in systemic levels of lipid peroxidation markers F2-isoprostanes as metabolic characteristics predisposing to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels F2-isoprostanes were found in obesity, type 2 diabetes and their comorbidities. It was hypothesized that increased F2-isoprostane levels reflect the obesity-induced oxidative stress that promotes the development of type 2 diabetes. However, African Americans have lower levels of systemic F2-isoprostane levels despite their predisposition to obesity and type 2 diabetes. The review summarizes new findings from epidemiological studies and a novel interpretation of metabolic determinants of systemic F2-isoprostane levels as a favorable phenotype. Multiple observations indicate that systemic F2-isoprostane levels reflect intensity of oxidative metabolism, a major endogenous source of reactive oxygen species, and specifically, the intensity of fat utilization. Evidence from multiple human studies proposes that targeting fat metabolism can be a productive race-specific strategy to address the existing racial health disparities. Urinary F2-isoprostanes may provide the basis for targeted interventions to prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes among populations of African descent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Il'yasova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brett J Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Waterstone
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Ike S Okosun
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Prenatal phthalate exposure and 8-isoprostane among Mexican-American children with high prevalence of obesity. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 8:196-205. [PMID: 28031075 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to many obesity-related conditions among children including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Exposure to environmental chemicals such as phthalates, ubiquitously found in humans, may also generate reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress. We examined longitudinal changes of 8-isoprostane urinary concentrations, a validated biomarker of oxidative stress, and associations with maternal prenatal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites for 258 children at 5, 9 and 14 years of age participating in a birth cohort residing in an agricultural area in California. Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, and in utero exposure has been also linked to altered lipid metabolism, as well as adverse birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. We found that median creatinine-corrected 8-isoprostane concentrations remained constant across all age groups and did not differ by sex. Total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively associated with 8-isoprostane in 14-year-old children. No associations were observed between 8-isoprostane and body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score or waist circumference at any age. Concentrations of three metabolites of high molecular weight phthalates measured at 13 weeks of gestation (monobenzyl, monocarboxyoctyl and monocarboxynonyl phthalates) were negatively associated with 8-isoprostane concentrations among 9-year olds. However, at 14 years of age, isoprostane concentrations were positively associated with two other metabolites (mono(2-ethylhexyl) and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalates) measured in early pregnancy. Longitudinal data on 8-isoprostane in this pediatric population with a high prevalence of obesity provides new insight on certain potential cardiometabolic risks of prenatal exposure to phthalates.
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Makowski MR, Jansen CHP, Ebersberger U, Schaeffter T, Razavi R, Mangino M, Spector TD, Botnar RM, Greil GF. Influence of acquired obesity on coronary vessel wall late gadolinium enhancement in discordant monozygote twins. Eur Radiol 2016; 27:4612-4618. [PMID: 27743116 PMCID: PMC5635090 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of BMI on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) of the coronary artery wall in identical monozygous twins discordant for BMI. Coronary LGE represents a useful parameter for the detection and quantification of atherosclerotic coronary vessel wall disease. Methods Thirteen monozygote female twin pairs (n = 26) with significantly different BMIs (>1.6 kg/m2) were recruited out of >10,000 twin pairs (TwinsUK Registry). A coronary 3D-T2prep-TFE MR angiogram and 3D-IR-TFE vessel wall scan were performed prior to and following the administration of 0.2 mmol/kg of Gd-DTPA on a 1.5 T MR scanner. The number of enhancing coronary segments and contrast to noise ratios (CNRs) of the coronary wall were quantified. Results An increase in BMI was associated with an increased number of enhancing coronary segments (5.3 ± 1.5 vs. 3.5 ± 1.6, p < 0.0001) and increased coronary wall enhancement (6.1 ± 1.1 vs. 4.8 ± 0.9, p = 0.0027) compared to matched twins with lower BMI. Conclusions This study in monozygous twins indicates that acquired factors predisposing to obesity, including lifestyle and environmental factors, result in increased LGE of the coronary arteries, potentially reflecting an increase in coronary atherosclerosis in this female study population. Key points • BMI-discordant twins allow the investigation of the influence of lifestyle factors independent from genetic confounders. • Only thirteen obesity-discordant twins were identified underlining the strong genetic component of BMI. • In female twins, a BMI increase is associated with increased coronary late gadolinium enhancement. • Increased late gadolinium enhancement in the coronary vessel wall potentially reflects increased atherosclerosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00330-016-4616-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus R Makowski
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H P Jansen
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ullrich Ebersberger
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Heart Center Munich-Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Schaeffter
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Heart Center Munich-Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Rene M Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gerald F Greil
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK. .,Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre, London, UK. .,BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 and monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 are ubiquitinated proteins that are degraded by the 26S proteasome. Biochem J 2016; 473:3621-3637. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)-2 is one of the two DGAT enzymes that catalyzes the synthesis of triacylglycerol, which is an important form of stored energy for eukaryotic organisms. There is currently limited information available regarding how DGAT2 and triacylglycerol synthesis are regulated. Recent studies have indicated that DGAT2 can be regulated by changes in gene expression. How DGAT2 is regulated post-transcriptionally remains less clear. In this study, we demonstrated that DGAT2 is a very unstable protein and is rapidly degraded in an ubiquitin-dependent manner via the proteasome. Many of the 25 lysines present in DGAT2 appeared to be involved in promoting its degradation. However, the six C-terminal lysines were the most important in regulating stability. We also demonstrated that acyl-CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT)-2, an enzyme with extensive sequence homology to DGAT2 that catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerol, was also ubiquitinated. However, MGAT2 was found to be much more stable than DGAT2. Interestingly, when co-expressed, MGAT2 appeared to stabilize DGAT2. Finally, we found that both DGAT2 and MGAT2 are substrates of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Although herbal medication use has exploded over the last several years, the amount of information regarding efficacy and safety has not been as generous. There are numerous herbal weight loss products available over-the-counter that claim to“increase energy,”“decrease water retention,”“curb sugar cravings,”“suppress hunger,” and“build muscles.” However, verified and validated studies to confirm these weight loss claims are lacking in the scientific arena. Issues of safety and efficacy are discussed as well as guidelines for patients taking herbal products and suggestions for interventions that pharmacists can provide to consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R. Easton
- Psychiatric Pharmacy Resident, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, P.O. Box 250861, Charleston, SC 29425
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Navarro Díaz M. Consequences of morbid obesity on the kidney. Where are we going? Clin Kidney J 2016; 9:782-787. [PMID: 27994854 PMCID: PMC5162416 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfw094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and morbid obesity are modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of kidney disease. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is currently an important health problem in Europe, so it is necessary to develop therapeutic and preventive strategies. The obesity-related glomerulopathy has been defined as a secondary form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and its most characteristic feature is glomerulomegaly. The renal evolution of patients with obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) who have not been treated is unfavourable. However, morbidly obese patients with ORG that underwent bariatric surgery and drastic weight loss had a better outcome. Many inflammatory factors have been implicated in the pathogenic mechanism of renal disease in obesity. Hypoadiponectinaemia, hyperleptinaemia and hyperaldosteronism have been associated with glomerular injury in obese patients. The application of modern techniques has provided important insights that increase the current understanding of ORG. However, further investigation is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maruja Navarro Díaz
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat, Autònoma de Barcelona, Esfera UAB, Badalona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shukla A, Baghel AS, Vyas M. Lifestyle related factors associated with Sthaulya (obesity) - A cross-sectional survey study. Ayu 2016; 37:174-183. [PMID: 29491669 PMCID: PMC5822981 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_87_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden of lifestyle disorders is rapidly increasing worldwide. Modernization, affluence, science and technological development lead to still more sedentary life styles. By exposing oneself to all these factors human being unknowingly invited a number of diseases, out of which Sthaulya (obesity) is one which disturbs physical, mental and social health of an individual. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To identify the main lifestyle related Aharatmaka (dietary factors), Viharatmaka (physical activities) and Manasika (psychological) factors associated with Sthaulya (obesity) among the patient aged in between 20-60 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional survey study was done among 250 patients of Sthaulya (obesity) visiting outpatient department of the Institute from the period May 2013 to June 2014. The patients were selected using simple random sampling method. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institute and Lifestyle related questionnaire was used for survey study which was based on the etiological factors mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics. OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS The survey study revealed that intake of Guru and Snigdha Ahara (heavy fatty food), Avyayama (lack of involvement in physical activities), Divasvapna (day sleep) and psychological distress are the main lifestyle related factors strongly associated with the Sthaulya (Obesity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Shukla
- Department of Ayurveda Samhita and Siddhanta, Government Ayurveda College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - A. S. Baghel
- Department of Basic Principles, IPGT and RA, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Mahesh Vyas
- Department of Basic Principles, IPGT and RA, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brodkin ES, Nestler EJ. Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis: A New Tool for Psychiatric Genetics. Neuroscientist 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107385849800400511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This update provides a brief overview of the principles underlying quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and of the usefulness of this analysis as a new tool for psychiatric ge netics. We review the criteria by which inbred rodent strains are chosen for QTL analysis; the various breeding protocols that may be used in QTL analysis; the principles underlying the phenotyping and genotyping of animals; the statistical analysis by which genetic loci are identified; and, finally, the challenge of discovering the specific genes within the identified loci that affect the trait of interest. QTL analysis offers promise for advancing our understanding of the genetics of mammalian behavior and, ultimately, of the etiology of psychiatric disorders. NEUROSCIENTIST 4:317-323, 1998
Collapse
|
46
|
Vasconcelos LHC, Souza ILL, Pinheiro LS, Silva BA. Ion Channels in Obesity: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:58. [PMID: 27065858 PMCID: PMC4811910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease related to metabolic disorders and associated with genetic determinants. Currently, ion channels activity has been linked to many of these disorders, in addition to the central regulation of food intake, energetic balance, hormone release and response, as well as the adipocyte cell proliferation. Therefore, the objective of this work is to review the current knowledge about the influence of ion channels in obesity development. This review used different sources of literature (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to assess the role of ion channels in the pathophysiology of obesity. Ion channels present diverse key functions, such as the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and cell proliferation. Cell biology and pharmacological experimental evidences demonstrate that proliferating cells exhibit ion channel expression, conductance, and electrical properties different from the resting cells. Thereby, a large variety of ion channels has been identified in the pathogenesis of obesity such as potassium, sodium, calcium and chloride channels, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and transient receptor potential channels. The fundamental involvement of these channels on the generation of obesity leads to the progress in the knowledge about the mechanisms responsible for the obesity pathophysiology, consequently emerging as new targets for pharmacological modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H C Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Prof. George Thomas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Iara L L Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Prof. George Thomas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Lílian S Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Prof. George Thomas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia A Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Prof. George Thomas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lee MS, Cho SM, Lee MH, Lee EO, Kim SH, Lee HJ. Ethanol extract of Pinus koraiensis leaves containing lambertianic acid exerts anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:51. [PMID: 26846328 PMCID: PMC4743410 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic mechanisms of lambertianic acid (LA) isolated from Pinus koraiensis leaves and the ethanol extract of Pinus koraiensis leaves (EPK), both in vitro and in vivo. Methods Differentiated 3T3L-1 cells were treated with EPK (25 or 50 μg/mL) or LA (200 μM) and analyzed by western blotting or RT-PCR. In vitro, lipid accumulation of adipocytes was observed using Oil-Red-O staining and triglyceride analysis. The contribution of AMPK to anti-obesity activity was assessed by siRNA-mediated AMPK knockdown. After AMPK silencing, expression of AMPK was observed by western blotting. To confirm the in vitro activity, an animal study was conducted by administering a normal diet, HFD, and EPK for 6 weeks. Obesity-related physiological parameters and protein levels were measured. Results LA induced the expression of p-AMPK and inhibited PPARγ, C/EBP α, adiponectin, FAS, SREBP-1, and HMGCR expression. EPK containing LA significantly decreased lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels in the differentiated 3 T3-L1 cells. EPK treatment suppressed the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, FABP, GPDH, and cholesterol-synthesis-related factors in the differentiated 3 T3-L1 cells. EPK increased the expression of p-AMPK. The effects of EPK were reversed on inhibiting AMPK by using AMPK siRNA and compound C. In vivo analysis showed that body weight gain, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and AI value in the EPK treatment group were lower than those in the HFD control group. EPK induced the expression of p-AMPK and inhibited PPARγ in liver and adipose tissue. Conclusions Overall, the results suggest that EPK containing LA exerts significant anti-obesity and cholesterol-lowering effects by activating AMPK. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1031-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ghoneim MM, O’Hara MW. Depression and postoperative complications: an overview. BMC Surg 2016; 16:5. [PMID: 26830195 PMCID: PMC4736276 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-016-0120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of depression and anesthesia and surgery may result in significant increases in morbidity and mortality of patients. Major depressive disorder is a frequent complication of surgery, which may lead to further morbidity and mortality. LITERATURE SEARCH Several electronic data bases, including PubMed, were searched pairing "depression" with surgery, postoperative complications, postoperative cognitive impairment, cognition disorder, intensive care unit, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE The suppression of the immune system in depressive disorders may expose the patients to increased rates of postoperative infections and increased mortality from cancer. Depression is commonly associated with cognitive impairment, which may be exacerbated postoperatively. There is evidence that acute postoperative pain causes depression and depression lowers the threshold for pain. Depression is also a strong predictor and correlate of chronic post-surgical pain. Many studies have identified depression as an independent risk factor for development of postoperative delirium, which may be a cause for a long and incomplete recovery after surgery. Depression is also frequent in intensive care unit patients and is associated with a lower health-related quality of life and increased mortality. Depression and anxiety have been widely reported soon after coronary artery bypass surgery and remain evident one year after surgery. They may increase the likelihood for new coronary artery events, further hospitalizations and increased mortality. Morbidly obese patients who undergo bariatric surgery have an increased risk of depression. Postoperative depression may also be associated with less weight loss at one year and longer. The extent of preoperative depression in patients scheduled for lumbar discectomy is a predictor of functional outcome and patient's dissatisfaction, especially after revision surgery. General postoperative mortality is increased. CONCLUSIONS Depression is a frequent cause of morbidity in surgery patients suffering from a wide range of conditions. Depression may be identified through the use of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or similar instruments. Counseling interventions may be useful in ameliorating depression, but should be subject to clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Ghoneim
- />Department of Anesthesia – 6JCP, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Michael W. O’Hara
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Brahe LK, Astrup A, Larsen LH. Can We Prevent Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases by Dietary Modulation of the Gut Microbiota? Adv Nutr 2016; 7:90-101. [PMID: 26773017 PMCID: PMC4717895 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.010587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, which are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases are characterized by specific alterations in the human gut microbiota. Experimental studies with gut microbiota transplantations in mice and in humans indicate that a specific gut microbiota composition can be the cause and not just the consequence of the obese state and metabolic disease, which suggests a potential for gut microbiota modulation in prevention and treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases. In addition, dietary intervention studies have suggested that modulation of the gut microbiota can improve metabolic risk markers in humans, but a causal role of the gut microbiota in such studies has not yet been established. Here, we review and discuss the role of the gut microbiota in obesity-related metabolic diseases and the potential of dietary modulation of the gut microbiota in metabolic disease prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena K Brahe
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lesli H Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee DR, Lee YS, Choi BK, Lee HJ, Park SB, Kim TM, Oh HJ, Yang SH, Suh JW. Roots extracts of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica improve obesity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:898-906. [PMID: 26614988 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-obesity activity and the action mechanism of the roots of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica extract (ATE) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS The roots of Adenophora triphylla were extracted with 70% ethanol. To demonstrate the compounds, linoleic acid was analyzed by using gas chromatography; and the anti-obesity effects and possible mechanisms of ATE were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD-induced obese mice. RESULTS Treatment with ATE inhibited the lipid accumulation without cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, 200 and 400 mg/kg ATE treatment significantly decreased the body weight gain, white adipose tissues (WATs) weight and plasma triglyceride level, while 100 and 200 mg/kg ATE treatment increased the plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the HFD-induced obese mice, as compared with the HFD group. Treatment with 200 and 400 mg/kg ATE also lowered the size of adipocytes in adipose tissue and reduced the lipid accumulation in liver. ATE treatment showed significantly lower expression level of adipogenesis-related proteins, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; and furthermore, decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, aP2, fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, and lipoprotein lipase mRNA expression levels in WAT of the HFD-induced obese mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the ATE has an anti-obesity effect, which may be elicited by regulating the expression of adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes and proteins in adipocytes and WAT of the HFD-induced obese mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ryung Lee
- NutraPham Tech, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sil Lee
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Keun Choi
- NutraPham Tech, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Park
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Tack-Man Kim
- DONG IL Pharmtec, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Jin Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, VIEVIS NAMUH Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|