1
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Shishodia S, Haloob N, Hopkins C. Antibody-based therapeutics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38900023 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2370397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a prevalent inflammatory condition with heterogenous underlying endotypes, the most common being type 2 mediated inflammation. Several biologics have been developed to target specific pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors with proven efficacy in both quantitative and qualitative outcomes in patients with severe uncontrolled disease. However, there is an ongoing debate on the role of biologics relative to conventional therapies for CRSwNP and their efficacy in patient subgroups with non-polyp type 2 disease. AREAS COVERED This review examines the evidence on the efficacy and safety of biologics in CRSwNP, recommendations for their use, and discusses the broader economic factors influencing their application in clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION Emerging real-life data demonstrating the variable efficacy of the available biologics for patients with CRSwNP, coupled with the high cost compared to conventional therapies such as surgery, renders biologics to be considered as an add-on therapy in the majority of cases. However, ongoing research into increasing biologic dose intervals and novel therapies targeting alternative pathways may offer a more cost-effective and sustainable option in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Shishodia
- Department of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS, Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nora Haloob
- Department of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS, Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Department of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS, Foundation Trust, London, UK
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2
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Jürgens DC, Müller JT, Nguyen A, Merkel OM. Tailoring lipid nanoparticles for T-cell targeting in allergic asthma: Insights into efficacy and specificity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 198:114242. [PMID: 38442794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Asthma impacts over 300 million patients globally, with significant health implications, especially in cases of its allergic subtype. The disease is characterized by a complex interplay of airway inflammation and immune responses, often mediated by Th2 cell-related cytokines. In this study, we engineered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to specifically deliver therapeutic siRNA via the transferrin receptor to T cells. Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) was employed for the conjugation of transferrin ligands to PEGylated lipids in the LNPs, with the goal of enhancing cellular uptake and gene knockdown. The obtained LNPs exhibited characteristics that make them suitable for pulmonary delivery. Using methods such as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we determined the average number of transferrin molecules bound to individual LNPs. Additionally, we found that cellular uptake was ligand-dependent, achieving a GATA3 knockdown of more than 50% in relevant in vitro and ex vivo models. Notably, our findings highlight the limitations inherent to modifying the surface of LNPs, particularly with regard to their targeting capabilities. This work paves the way for future research aimed at optimizing targeted LNPs for the treatment of immunologic diseases such as allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Jürgens
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus B, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Joschka T Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus B, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anny Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus B, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus B, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
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3
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Song G, Sun M, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Peng M, Bao B. Anti-inflammation of LZTFL1 knockdown in OVA-induced asthmatic mice: Through ERK/GATA3 signaling pathway. Mol Immunol 2024; 167:16-24. [PMID: 38310669 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease characterized by Th2-type inflammation in the airways. Leucine zip transcription factor-like 1 (LZTFL1) has been implicated in the regulation of Th2-related factors. The knockdown of LZTFL1 resulted in decreased levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. We hypothesize that LZTFL1 may have an effect on asthma. We established an acute asthmatic mouse model using the Ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization, and we found that LZTFL1 expression was upregulated in OVA-induced CD4 + T cells. Mice challenged with OVA were administered 5 × 107 TU of lentivirus via tail vein injection. LZTFL1 knockdown reversed the frequency of sneezing and nose rubbing in OVA mice. LZTFL1 knockdown reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, reduced goblet cell numbers, and mitigated collagen deposition in lung tissue. LZTFL1 knockdown decreased the levels of OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in alveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice. Furthermore, LZTFL1 knockdown inhibited the aberrant activation of MEK/ERK signaling pathway in asthmatic mice. GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is an essential transcription factor in Th2 differentiation. Flow cytometry results revealed that LZTFL1 knockdown reduced the number of GATA3 + CD4 + Th2 cells, while it did not affect the stability of GATA3 mRNA. This may be attributed to ERK signaling which stabilized GATA3 by preventing its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. In conclusion, LZTFL1 knockdown attenuates inflammation and pathological changes in OVA-induced asthmatic mice through ERK/GATA3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingxue Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Minghao Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Beibei Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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4
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Hussain M, Liu G. Eosinophilic Asthma: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Horizons. Cells 2024; 13:384. [PMID: 38474348 PMCID: PMC10931088 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a prevalent chronic non-communicable disease, affecting approximately 300 million people worldwide. It is characterized by significant airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, obstruction, and remodeling. Eosinophilic asthma, a subtype of asthma, involves the accumulation of eosinophils in the airways. These eosinophils release mediators and cytokines, contributing to severe airway inflammation and tissue damage. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting eosinophils could reduce airway remodeling and slow the progression of asthma. To achieve this, it is essential to understand the immunopathology of asthma, identify specific eosinophil-associated biomarkers, and categorize patients more accurately based on the clinical characteristics (phenotypes) and underlying pathobiological mechanisms (endotypes). This review delves into the role of eosinophils in exacerbating severe asthma, exploring various phenotypes and endotypes, as well as biomarkers. It also examines the current and emerging biological agents that target eosinophils in eosinophilic asthma. By focusing on these aspects, both researchers and clinicians can advance the development of targeted therapies to combat eosinophilic pathology in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaddique Hussain
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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5
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Ge X, Xu T, Wang M, Gao L, Tang Y, Zhang N, Zheng R, Zeng W, Chen G, Zhang B, Dai Y, Zhang Y. Chalcone-derivative L6H21 attenuates the OVA-induced asthma by targeting MD2. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:65. [PMID: 38245791 PMCID: PMC10799361 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents a significant global challenge that affects individuals across all age groups and imposes substantial social and economic burden. Due to heterogeneity of the disease, not all patients obtain benefit with current treatments. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of MD2 on the progression of asthma using L6H21, a novel MD2 inhibitor, to identify potential targets and drug candidates for asthma treatment. To establish an asthma-related murine model and evaluate the effects of L6H21, ovalbumin (OVA) was used to sensitize and challenge mice. Pathological changes were examined with various staining techniques, such as H&E staining, glycogen staining, and Masson staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration and excessive cytokine secretion were evaluated by analyzing BALF cell count, RT-PCR, and ELISA. The TLR4/MD2 complex formation, as well as the activation of the MAPK and NF-кB pathways, was examined using western blot and co-IP. Treatment with L6H21 demonstrated alleviation of increased airway resistance, lung tissue injury, inflammatory cell infiltration and excessive cytokine secretion triggered by OVA. In addition, it also ameliorated mucus production and collagen deposition. In the L6H21 treatment group, inhibition of MAPK and NF-кB activation was observed, along with the disruption of TLR4/MD2 complex formation, in contrast to the model group. Thus, L6H21 effectively reduced the formation of the MD2 and TLR4 complex induced by OVA in a dose-dependent manner. This reduction resulted in the attenuation of MAPKs/NF-κB activation, enhanced suppression of inflammatory factor secretion, reduced excessive recruitment of inflammatory cells, and ultimately mitigated airway damage. MD2 emerges as a crucial target for asthma treatment, and L6H21, as an MD2 inhibitor, shows promise as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Ge
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijiao Gao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningjie Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaozhi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325600, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanrong Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325600, Zhejiang, China.
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Carneiro S, Müller JT, Merkel OM. Targeted Molecular Therapeutics for Pulmonary Diseases: Addressing the Need for Precise Drug Delivery. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:313-328. [PMID: 38177399 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are a major concern in public health, impacting a large population worldwide. Despite the availability of therapies that alleviate symptoms, selectively addressing the critical points of pathopathways remains a major challenge. Innovative formulations designed for reaching these targets within the airways, enhanced selectivity, and prolonged therapeutic effects offer promising solutions. To provide insights into the specific medical requirements of chronic respiratory diseases, the initial focus of this chapter is directed on lung physiology, emphasizing the significance of lung barriers. Current treatments involving small molecules and the potential of gene therapy are also discussed. Additionally, we will explore targeting approaches, with a particular emphasis on nanoparticles, comparing targeted and non-targeted formulations for pulmonary administration. Finally, the potential of inhaled sphingolipids in the context of respiratory diseases is briefly discussed, highlighting their promising prospects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joschka T Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
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7
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Chopp LB, Zhu X, Gao Y, Nie J, Singh J, Kumar P, Young KZ, Patel S, Li C, Balmaceno-Criss M, Vacchio MS, Wang MM, Livak F, Merchant JL, Wang L, Kelly MC, Zhu J, Bosselut R. Zfp281 and Zfp148 control CD4 + T cell thymic development and T H2 functions. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadi9066. [PMID: 37948511 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
How CD4+ lineage gene expression is initiated in differentiating thymocytes remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the paralog transcription factors Zfp281 and Zfp148 control both this process and cytokine expression by T helper cell type 2 (TH2) effector cells. Genetic, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomic analyses showed that these factors promote the intrathymic CD4+ T cell differentiation of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II)-restricted thymocytes, including expression of the CD4+ lineage-committing factor Thpok. In peripheral T cells, Zfp281 and Zfp148 promoted chromatin opening at and expression of TH2 cytokine genes but not of the TH2 lineage-determining transcription factor Gata3. We found that Zfp281 interacts with Gata3 and is recruited to Gata3 genomic binding sites at loci encoding Thpok and TH2 cytokines. Thus, Zfp148 and Zfp281 collaborate with Gata3 to promote CD4+ T cell development and TH2 cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Chopp
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yayi Gao
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jia Nie
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Parimal Kumar
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelly Z Young
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shil Patel
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Caiyi Li
- Flow Cytometry Core, Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mariah Balmaceno-Criss
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melanie S Vacchio
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael M Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Ferenc Livak
- Flow Cytometry Core, Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Lie Wang
- Institute of Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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8
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Pagovich OE, Crystal RG. Gene Therapy for Immunoglobulin E, Complement-Mediated, and Eosinophilic Disorders. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:986-1002. [PMID: 37672523 PMCID: PMC10616964 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E, complement, and eosinophils play an important role in host defense, but dysfunction of each of these components can lead to a variety of human disorders. In this review, we summarize how investigators have adapted gene therapy and antisense technology to modulate immunoglobulin E, complement, and/or eosinophil levels to treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odelya E. Pagovich
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald G. Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Shen K, Zhang M, Zhao R, Li Y, Li C, Hou X, Sun B, Liu B, Xiang M, Lin J. Eosinophil extracellular traps in asthma: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Respir Res 2023; 24:231. [PMID: 37752512 PMCID: PMC10523707 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with significant healthcare costs. Eosinophils, a type of immune cell, play a critical role in the development and progression of asthma. Eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) are reticular structures composed of DNA, histones, and granulins that eosinophils form and release into the extracellular space as part of the innate immune response. EETs have a protective effect by limiting the migration of pathogens and antimicrobial activity to a controlled range. However, chronic inflammation can lead to the overproduction of EETs, which can trigger and exacerbate allergic asthma. In this review, we examine the role of EETs in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlu Shen
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiheng Zhao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xiang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China.
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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10
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Xiao L, Zhao Y, Yang M, Luan G, Du T, Deng S, Jia X. A promising nucleic acid therapy drug: DNAzymes and its delivery system. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1270101. [PMID: 37753371 PMCID: PMC10518456 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1270101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the development of nucleic acid therapeutic drugs, DNAzymes obtained through in vitro selection technology in 1994 are gradually being sought. DNAzymes are single-stranded DNA molecules with catalytic function, which specifically cleave RNA under the action of metal ions. Various in vivo and in vitro models have recently demonstrated that DNAzymes can target related genes in cancer, cardiovascular disease, bacterial and viral infection, and central nervous system disease. Compared with other nucleic acid therapy drugs, DNAzymes have gained more attention due to their excellent cutting efficiency, high stability, and low cost. Here, We first briefly reviewed the development and characteristics of DNAzymes, then discussed disease-targeting inhibition model of DNAzymes, hoping to provide new insights and ways for disease treatment. Finally, DNAzymes were still subject to some restrictions in practical applications, including low cell uptake efficiency, nuclease degradation and interference from other biological matrices. We discussed the latest delivery strategy of DNAzymes, among which lipid nanoparticles have recently received widespread attention due to the successful delivery of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, which provides the possibility for the subsequent clinical application of DNAzymes. In addition, the future development of DNAzymes was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangxin Luan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Barnabas M, Awakan OJ, Rotimi DE, Akanji MA, Adeyemi OS. Exploring redox imbalance and inflammation for asthma therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7851-7865. [PMID: 37517067 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a prolonged inflammatory disorder of the airways, that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide. Asthma is triggered by numerous endogenous and exogenous stimuli with symptoms like wheezing, cough, short of breath, chest tightening, airway obstruction, and hyperreactivity observed in patients. OBJECTIVE The review seeks to identify targets of redox imbalance and inflammation that could be explored to create effective treatments for asthma. METHODS The methodology involved a search and review of literature relating to asthma pathogenesis, redox homeostasis, and inflammation. RESULTS Eosinophils and neutrophils are involved in asthma pathogenesis. These inflammatory cells generate high levels of endogenous oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, which could result in redox imbalance in the airways of asthmatics. Redox imbalance occurs when the antioxidant systems becomes overwhelmed resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been linked with asthma inflammation and severity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) cause lung inflammation by activating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activator protein-1, as well as additional transcription factors. These factors stimulate cytokine production which ultimately activates inflammatory cells in the bronchi, causing lung cellular injury and destruction. ROS/RNS is also produced by these inflammatory cells to eradicate invading bacteria. Antioxidant treatments for asthma have not yet been fully explored. CONCLUSION Redox and inflammatory processes are viable targets that could be explored to create better therapy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morayo Barnabas
- SDG 03 Group - Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi J Awakan
- SDG 03 Group - Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Damilare Emmanuel Rotimi
- SDG 03 Group - Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Musbau A Akanji
- Department of Biochemistry, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
- SDG 03 Group - Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
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12
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Su J, Sun C, Du J, Xing X, Wang F, Dong H. RNA-Cleaving DNAzyme-Based Amplification Strategies for Biosensing and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300367. [PMID: 37084038 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Since their first discovery in 1994, DNAzymes have been extensively applied in biosensing and therapy that act as recognition elements and signal generators with the outstanding properties of good stability, simple synthesis, and high sensitivity. One subset, RNA-cleaving DNAzymes, is widely employed for diverse applications, including as reporters capable of transmitting detectable signals. In this review, the recent advances of RNA-cleaving DNAzyme-based amplification strategies in scaled-up biosensing are focused, the application in diagnosis and disease treatment are also discussed. Two major types of RNA-cleaving DNAzyme-based amplification strategies are highlighted, namely direct response amplification strategies and combinational response amplification strategies. The direct response amplification strategies refer to those based on novel designed single-stranded DNAzyme, and the combinational response amplification strategies mainly include two-part assembled DNAzyme, cascade reactions, CHA/HCR/RCA, DNA walker, CRISPR-Cas12a and aptamer. Finally, the current status of DNAzymes, the challenges, and the prospects of DNAzyme-based biosensors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenyang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinya Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaotong Xing
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
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13
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Kolkhir P, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Bachert C, Bieber T, Canonica GW, Guttman-Yassky E, Metz M, Mullol J, Palomares O, Renz H, Ständer S, Zuberbier T, Maurer M. Type 2 chronic inflammatory diseases: targets, therapies and unmet needs. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:743-767. [PMID: 37528191 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, significant progress in understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 chronic inflammatory diseases has enabled the identification of compounds for more than 20 novel targets, which are approved or at various stages of development, finally facilitating a more targeted approach for the treatment of these disorders. Most of these newly identified pathogenic drivers of type 2 inflammation and their corresponding treatments are related to mast cells, eosinophils, T cells, B cells, epithelial cells and sensory nerves. Epithelial barrier defects and dysbiotic microbiomes represent exciting future drug targets for chronic type 2 inflammatory conditions. Here, we review common targets, current treatments and emerging therapies for the treatment of five major type 2 chronic inflammatory diseases - atopic dermatitis, chronic prurigo, chronic urticaria, asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps - with a high need for targeted therapies. Unmet needs and future directions in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kolkhir
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) Davos, University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) Davos, University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Claus Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Division of ENT diseases, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
- Davos Biosciences, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Asthma & Allergy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Martin Metz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Section Pruritus Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Sudduth ER, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Gill N, Bomb K, Fromen CA. Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114831. [PMID: 37100206 PMCID: PMC10527166 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Aerosolization of immunotherapies poses incredible potential for manipulating the local mucosal-specific microenvironment, engaging specialized pulmonary cellular defenders, and accessing mucosal associated lymphoid tissue to redirect systemic adaptive and memory responses. In this review, we breakdown key inhalable immunoengineering strategies for chronic, genetic, and infection-based inflammatory pulmonary disorders, encompassing the historic use of immunomodulatory agents, the transition to biological inspired or derived treatments, and novel approaches of complexing these materials into drug delivery vehicles for enhanced release outcomes. Alongside a brief description of key immune targets, fundamentals of aerosol drug delivery, and preclinical pulmonary models for immune response, we survey recent advances of inhaled immunotherapy platforms, ranging from small molecules and biologics to particulates and cell therapies, as well as prophylactic vaccines. In each section, we address the formulation design constraints for aerosol delivery as well as advantages for each platform in driving desirable immune modifications. Finally, prospects of clinical translation and outlook for inhaled immune engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Sudduth
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Nicole Gill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kartik Bomb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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15
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Chiba K, Yamaguchi T, Obika S. Development of 8-17 XNAzymes that are functional in cells. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7620-7629. [PMID: 37476720 PMCID: PMC10355097 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01928d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA enzymes (DNAzymes), which cleave target RNA with high specificity, have been widely investigated as potential oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. Recently, xeno-nucleic acid (XNA)-modified DNAzymes (XNAzymes), exhibiting cleavage activity in cultured cells, have been developed. However, a versatile approach to modify XNAzymes that function in cells has not yet been established. Here, we report an X-ray crystal structure-based approach to modify 8-17 DNAzymes; this approach enables us to effectively locate suitable XNAs to modify. Our approach, combined with a modification strategy used in designing antisense oligonucleotides, rationally designed 8-17 XNAzyme ("X8-17") that achieved high potency in terms of RNA cleavage and biostability against nucleases. X8-17, modified with 2'-O-methyl RNA, locked nucleic acid and phosphorothioate, successfully induced endogenous MALAT-1 and SRB1 RNA knockdown in cells. This approach may help in developing XNAzyme-based novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Chiba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University 1-6 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takao Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University 1-6 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University 1-6 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University 1-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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16
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Harker JA, Lloyd CM. T helper 2 cells in asthma. J Exp Med 2023; 220:214104. [PMID: 37163370 PMCID: PMC10174188 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is among the most common immune-mediated diseases across the world, and type 2 immune responses are thought to be central to pathogenesis. The importance of T helper 2 (Th2) cells as central regulators of type 2 responses in asthma has, however, become less clear with the discovery of other potent innate sources of type 2 cytokines and innate mediators of inflammation such as the alarmins. This review provides an update of our current understanding of Th2 cells in human asthma, highlighting their many guises and functions in asthma, both pathogenic and regulatory, and how these are influenced by the tissue location and disease stage and severity. It also explores how biologics targeting type 2 immune pathways are impacting asthma, and how these have the potential to reveal hitherto underappreciated roles for Th2 cell in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Harker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London, UK
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17
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Liu H, Li Y, Du S, Wang C, Li Y, Cao R, Shi W, Liu S, He J. Studies on the Effect of Lipofectamine and Cell-Penetrating Peptide on the Properties of 10-23 DNAzyme. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093942. [PMID: 37175352 PMCID: PMC10179765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic polymeric materials and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) were often used as the delivery vectors in the evaluation of nucleic acid therapeutics. 10-23 DNAzyme is a kind of potential antisense therapeutics by catalytic cleavage of the disease-related RNAs. Here, lipofectamine 2000 and Tat peptide were evaluated for their effect on the catalytic activity of 10-23 DNAzyme, with the observed rate constant, thermal stability, CD spectra, and PAGE analysis, with a duplex DNA mimicking DNAzyme-substrate as a control. It was shown that the cationic carriers had a negative effect on the catalytic performance of the 10-23 DNAzyme. Significantly, the destabilizing effect of the cationic carriers on the duplex formation was noteworthy, as a duplex formation is an essential prerequisite in the silencing mechanisms of antisense and RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasurements, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping 27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasurements, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping 27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shanshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasurements, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping 27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chenhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasurements, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping 27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuexiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasurements, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping 27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruiyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasurements, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping 27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Weiguo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasurements, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping 27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shihui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junlin He
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasurements, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping 27, Beijing 100850, China
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18
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Nguyen K, Malik TN, Chaput JC. Chemical evolution of an autonomous DNAzyme with allele-specific gene silencing activity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2413. [PMID: 37105964 PMCID: PMC10140269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Low activity has been the primary obstacle impeding the use of DNA enzymes (DNAzymes) as gene silencing agents in clinical applications. Here we describe the chemical evolution of a DNAzyme with strong catalytic activity under near physiological conditions. The enzyme achieves ~65 turnovers in 30 minutes, a feat only previously witnessed by the unmodified parent sequence under forcing conditions of elevated Mg2+ and pH. Structural constraints imposed by the chemical modifications drive catalysis toward a highly preferred UGUD motif (cut site underlined) that was validated by positive and negative predictions. Biochemical assays support an autonomous RNA cleavage mechanism independent of RNase H1 engagement. Consistent with its strong catalytic activity, the enzyme exhibits persistent allele-specific knock-down of an endogenous mRNA encoding an undruggable oncogenic KRAS target. Together, these results demonstrate that chemical evolution offers a powerful approach for discovering new chemotype combinations that can imbue DNAzymes with the physicochemical properties necessary to support therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA
| | - Turnee N Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA
| | - John C Chaput
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA.
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19
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Larcher LM, Pitout IL, Keegan NP, Veedu RN, Fletcher S. DNAzymes: Expanding the Potential of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. Nucleic Acid Ther 2023. [PMID: 37093127 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2022.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids drugs have been proven in the clinic as a powerful modality to treat inherited and acquired diseases. However, key challenges including drug stability, renal clearance, cellular uptake, and movement across biological barriers (foremost the blood-brain barrier) limit the translation and clinical efficacy of nucleic acid-based therapies, both systemically and in the central nervous system. In this study we provide an overview of an emerging class of nucleic acid therapeutic, called DNAzymes. In particular, we review the use of chemical modifications and carrier molecules for the stabilization and/or delivery of DNAzymes in cell and animal models. Although this review focuses on DNAzymes, the strategies described are broadly applicable to most nucleic acid technologies. This review should serve as a general guide for selecting chemical modifications to improve the therapeutic performance of DNAzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M Larcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ianthe L Pitout
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Niall P Keegan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Discovery, PYC Therapeutics, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Precision Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Discovery, PYC Therapeutics, Nedlands, Australia
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20
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Charriot J, Ahmed E, Bourdin A. Local targeting of TSLP: feat or defeat. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:61/3/2202389. [PMID: 36894191 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02389-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Charriot
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Engi Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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21
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Pine AC, Brooke GN, Marco A. A computational approach to identify efficient RNA cleaving 10-23 DNAzymes. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqac098. [PMID: 36632612 PMCID: PMC9830538 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DNAzymes are short pieces of DNA with catalytic activity, capable of cleaving RNA. DNAzymes have multiple applications as biosensors and in therapeutics. The high specificity and low toxicity of these molecules make them particularly suitable as therapeutics, and clinical trials have shown that they are effective in patients. However, the development of DNAzymes has been limited due to the lack of specific tools to identify efficient molecules, and users often resort to time-consuming/costly large-scale screens. Here, we propose a computational methodology to identify 10-23 DNAzymes that can be used to triage thousands of potential molecules, specific to a target RNA, to identify those that are predicted to be efficient. The method is based on a logistic regression and can be trained to incorporate additional DNAzyme efficiency data, improving its performance with time. We first trained the method with published data, and then we validated, and further refined it, by testing additional newly synthesized DNAzymes in the laboratory. We found that although binding free energy between the DNAzyme and its RNA target is the primary determinant of efficiency, other factors such as internal structure of the DNAzyme also have an important effect. A program implementing the proposed method is publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Pine
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Greg N Brooke
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Greg N. Brooke.
| | - Antonio Marco
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1206 87 3339;
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22
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Elarekibep (PRS-060/AZD1402), a new class of inhaled Anticalin medicine targeting IL-4Ra for type 2 endotype asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 151:966-975. [PMID: 36592703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 endotype asthma is driven by IL-4 and IL-13 signaling via IL-4Ra, which is highly expressed on airway epithelium, airway smooth muscle, and immunocytes in the respiratory mucosa, suggesting potential advantages of an inhalable antagonist. Lipocalin 1 (Lcn1), a 16 kDa protein abundant in human periciliary fluid, has a robust drug-like structure well suited to protein engineering, but it has never been used to make an inhaled Anticalin protein therapeutic. OBJECTIVES We sought to reengineer Lcn1 into an inhalable IL-4Ra antagonist and assess its pharmacodynamic/kinetic profile. METHODS Lcn1 was systematically modified by directed protein mutagenesis yielding a high-affinity, slowly dissociating, long-acting full antagonist of IL-4Ra designated PRS-060 with properties analogous to dupilumab, competitively antagonizing IL-4Ra-dependent cell proliferation, mucus induction, and eotaxin expression in vitro. Because PRS-060 displayed exquisite specificity for human IL-4Ra, with no cross-reactivity to rodents or higher primates, we created a new triple-humanized mouse model substituting human IL-4Ra, IL-4, and IL-13 at their correct syntenic murine loci to model clinical dosing. RESULTS Inhaled PRS-060 strongly suppressed acute allergic inflammation indexes in triple-humanized mice with a duration of action longer than its bulk clearance, suggesting that it may act locally in the lung. CONCLUSION Lcn1 can be reengineered into the Anticalin antagonist PRS-060 (elarekibep), exemplifying a new class of inhaled topical, long-acting therapeutic drugs with the potential to treat type 2 endotype asthma.
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23
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Eosinophilic inflammation: An Appealing Target for Pharmacologic Treatments in Severe Asthma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092181. [PMID: 36140282 PMCID: PMC9496162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma is characterized by different endotypes driven by complex pathologic mechanisms. In most patients with both allergic and non-allergic asthma, predominant eosinophilic airway inflammation is present. Given the central role of eosinophilic inflammation in the pathophysiology of most cases of severe asthma and considering that severe eosinophilic asthmatic patients respond partially or poorly to corticosteroids, in recent years, research has focused on the development of targeted anti-eosinophil biological therapies; this review will focus on the unique and particular biology of the eosinophil, as well as on the current knowledge about the pathobiology of eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatic airways. Finally, current and prospective anti-eosinophil therapeutic strategies will be discussed, examining the reason why eosinophilic inflammation represents an appealing target for the pharmacological treatment of patients with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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IL-17 Cytokines and Chronic Lung Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142132. [PMID: 35883573 PMCID: PMC9318387 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17 cytokines are expressed by numerous cells (e.g., gamma delta (γδ) T, innate lymphoid (ILC), Th17, epithelial cells). They contribute to the elimination of bacteria through the induction of cytokines and chemokines which mediate the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of infection. However, IL-17-driven inflammation also likely promotes the progression of chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, and asthma. In this review, we highlight the role of IL-17 cytokines in chronic lung diseases.
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Wang Y, Xiang Z, An M, Jia H, Bu C, Xue Y, Wei Y, Li R, Qi X, Cheng F, Zhao C, Xue J, Yang P. Livin promotes Th2-type immune response in airway allergic diseases. Immunol Res 2022; 70:624-632. [PMID: 35717553 PMCID: PMC9499890 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effects of livin on the Th2 immune response in airway allergic diseases (AAD) and explore the interaction among livin, GATA3, IL-4 in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of AAD patients. Methods WT mice and livin KO mice were developed for model of AAD. Th2 cell levels in the lung tissues and spleen were assessed by flow cytometry. Also, it was assessed in the culture after exposing to livin inhibitor (Lp-15); the protein and mRNA levels of livin, GATA3 and IL-4 in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells isolated from patients with or without AAD were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Finally, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was employed to identify the interaction between livin and GATA3. Results Compared with WT mouse, Th2 cell frequency in lung tissues and spleen was significantly decreased in livin KO mouse; after adding Lp-15, the differentiation from Naive CD4+T cells in spleen to Th2 cells was blocked; the protein and mRNA levels of livin, GATA3 and IL-4 in AAD group were higher than that in control group. The levels of livin were positively correlated with IL-4, and GATA3 was also positively correlated with IL-4 and livin. GATA3 was detected in the protein complex co-precipitated with livin antibody, and livin was also detected in the protein complex co-precipitated by GATA3 antibody. Conclusion Livin increases the expression of IL-4 and facilitates naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells, which triggers airway allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyu Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Miaomiao An
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huijing Jia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunyan Bu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, China
| | - Yanfeng Xue
- Special Needs Ward, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yao Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruiying Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueping Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fengli Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changqing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinmei Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China. .,Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Pingchang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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Czechtizky W, Su W, Ripa L, Schiesser S, Höijer A, Cox RJ. Advances in the design of new types of inhaled medicines. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 61:93-162. [PMID: 35753716 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of small molecule drugs has proven very efficacious for the treatment of respiratory diseases due to enhanced efficacy and a favourable therapeutic index compared with other dosing routes. It enables targeted delivery to the lung with rapid onset of therapeutic action, low systemic drug exposure, and thereby reduced systemic side effects. An increasing number of pharmaceutical companies and biotechs are investing in new modalities-for this review defined as therapeutic molecules with a molecular weight >800Da and therefore beyond usual inhaled small molecule drug-like space. However, our experience with inhaled administration of PROTACs, peptides, oligonucleotides (antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, miRs and antagomirs), diverse protein scaffolds, antibodies and antibody fragments is still limited. Investigating the retention and metabolism of these types of molecules in lung tissue and fluid will contribute to understanding which are best suited for inhalation. Nonetheless, the first such therapeutic molecules have already reached the clinic. This review will provide information on the physiology of healthy and diseased lungs and their capacity for drug metabolism. It will outline the stability, aggregation and immunogenicity aspects of new modalities, as well as recap on formulation and delivery aspects. It concludes by summarising clinical trial outcomes with inhaled new modalities based on information available at the end of 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werngard Czechtizky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Wu Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lena Ripa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stefan Schiesser
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andreas Höijer
- Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism CMC Projects, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rhona J Cox
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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Diver S, Brightling CE, Greening NJ. Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2022; 42:671-690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Okwuofu EO, Hui AYC, Woei JLC, Stanslas J. Molecular and Immunomodulatory Actions of New Antiasthmatic Agents: Exploring the Diversity of Biologics in Th2 Endotype Asthma. Pharmacol Res 2022; 181:106280. [PMID: 35661709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a major respiratory disorder characterised by chronic inflammation and airway remodelling. It affects about 1-8% of the global population and is responsible for over 461,000 deaths annually. Until recently, the pharmacotherapy of severe asthma involved high doses of inhaled corticosteroids in combination with β-agonist for prolonged action, including theophylline, leukotriene antagonist or anticholinergic yielding limited benefit. Although the use of newer agents to target Th2 asthma endotypes has improved therapeutic outcomes in severe asthmatic conditions, there seems to be a paucity of understanding the diverse mechanisms through which these classes of drugs act. This article delineates the molecular and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action of new antiasthmatic agents currently being trialled in preclinical and clinical studies to remit asthmatic conditions. The ultimate goal in developing antiasthmatic agents is based on two types of approaches: either anti-inflammatory or bronchodilators. Biologic and most small molecules have been shown to modulate specific asthma endotypes, targeting thymic stromal lymphopoietin, tryptase, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Janus kinase, PD-L1/PD-L2, GATA-3, and CD38 for the treatment and management of Th2 endotype asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Oshiogwe Okwuofu
- Pharmacotherapeutic Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Jonathan Lim Chee Woei
- Pharmacotherapeutic Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutic Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Gil-Martínez M, Lorente-Sorolla C, García-Latorre R, Valverde-Monge M, Quirce S, Sastre J, del Pozo V. miR-144-3p Is a Biomarker Related to Severe Corticosteroid-Dependent Asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858722. [PMID: 35432357 PMCID: PMC9010740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are non-coding molecules that act both as regulators of the epigenetic landscape and as biomarkers for diseases, including asthma. In the era of personalized medicine, there is a need for novel disease-associated biomarkers that can help in classifying diseases into phenotypes for treatment selection. Currently, severe eosinophilic asthma is one of the most widely studied phenotypes in clinical practice, as many patients require higher and higher doses of corticosteroids, which in some cases fail to achieve the desired outcome. Such patients may only benefit from alternative drugs such as biologics, for which novel biomarkers are necessary. The objective of the study was to study the expression of miR-144-3p in order to discover its possible use as a diagnostic biomarker for severe asthma. For this purpose, miR-144-3p was evaluated in airway biopsies and serum from asthmatics and healthy individuals. mRNA was studied in asthmatic biopsies and smooth muscle cells transfected with miR-144-3p mimic. An in silico regulation of miR-144-3p was performed using miRSystem, miRDB, STRING, and ShinyGO for pathway analysis. From our experimental procedures, we found that miR-144-3p is a biomarker associated with asthma severity and corticosteroid treatment. MiR-144-3p is increased in asthmatic lungs, and its presence correlates directly with blood eosinophilia and with the expression of genes involved in asthma pathophysiology in the airways. When studied in serum, this miRNA was increased in severe asthmatics and associated with higher doses of corticosteroids, thereby making it a potential biomarker for severe asthma previously treated with higher doses of corticosteroids. Thus, we can conclude that miR-144-3p is associated with severe diseases in both the airways and serum of asthmatics, and this association is related to corticosteroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Martínez
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Lorente-Sorolla
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Latorre
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Valverde-Monge
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz-Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria del Pozo
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of recent discoveries about type-2 innate lymphoid cells, especially, as they relate to the pathogenesis of asthma. RECENT FINDINGS We focused on features and characteristics of type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that distinguish them from other type-2 cells, especially Th2 cells. We collected and reviewed data related to human asthma and airway ILC2s. We examined the concept of ILC2 memory and trained immunity. We also analyzed steroid resistance of ILC2s, which is relevant for steroid-resistant asthma. SUMMARY The implications of the findings include an understanding of ILC2 inflammation, and pathways and molecules that can be targeted by biologics and other therapeutic agents for management severe and steroid-resistant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Divya Verma
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
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Borggräfe J, Etzkorn M. Solution NMR Spectroscopy as a Tool to Study DNAzyme Structure and Function. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2439:131-151. [PMID: 35226320 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2047-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Catalytically active DNA oligomers (or DNAzymes) offer a broad spectrum of functions as well as applications. Although known for over two decades, the DNAzyme's mode-of-actions are still poorly understood, mainly due to lack of high-resolution structural insights. Due to their molecular size, structural flexibility, and dynamic interactions with metal-ion cofactors, solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) can serve as optimal tool to obtain mechanistic insights of DNAzymes. In this respect, nearly all states of the DNAzyme and its substrate during the catalytic cycle are accessible. The instructions and protocols provided in the following may assist the initial steps of an NMR-based characterization of DNAzymes. To reduce the initial setup requirements and foster exciting new research projects, the discussed approaches focus on experiments that do not require cost-intensive isotope labeling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borggräfe
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Manuel Etzkorn
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Jülich Center for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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33
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Perrin D, Paul S, Wong AAWL, Liu LT. Selection of M2+-independent RNA-cleaving DNAzymes with Sidechains Mimicking Arginine and Lysine. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100600. [PMID: 34881502 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-specific cleavage of RNA by nucleic acid catalysts in the absence of a divalent metal cation (M 2+ ) has remained an important goal in biomimicry with potential therapeutic applications. Given the lack of functional group diversity in canonical nucleotides, modified nucleotides with amino acid-like side chains were used to enhance self-cleavage rates at a single embedded ribonucleoside site. Previous works relied on three functional groups: an amine, a guanidine and an imidazole ensconced on three different nucleosides. However, to date, few studies have systematically addressed the necessity of all three modifications, as the value of any single modified nucleoside is contextualized at the outset of selection. Herein, we report on the use of only two modified dNTPs, excluding an imidazole, i.e. 5-(3-guanidinoallyl)-2'-dUTP (dU ga TP) and 5-aminoallyl-2'-dCTP (dC aa TP), to select in-vitro self-cleaving DNAzymes that cleave in the absence of M 2+ in a pH-independent fashion. Cleavage shows biphasic kinetics with rate constants that are significantly higher than in unmodified DNAzymes and compare favorably to certain DNAzymes involving an imidazole. This work is the first report of a M2+-independent DNAzyme with two cationic modifications; as such it shows appreciable self-cleaving activity in the absence of an imidazole modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perrin
- U. British Columbia, Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, V6T-1Z1, Vancouver, CANADA
| | - Somdeb Paul
- The University of British Columbia, Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T1Z1, Vancouver, CANADA
| | - Antonio A W L Wong
- The University of British Columbia, Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T1Z1, Vancouver, CANADA
| | - Leo T Liu
- The University of British Columbia, Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, UBC, Vancouver, V6T-1Z1, Vancouver, CANADA
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Nain Z, Barman SK, Sheam MM, Syed SB, Samad A, Quinn JMW, Karim MM, Himel MK, Roy RK, Moni MA, Biswas SK. Transcriptomic studies revealed pathophysiological impact of COVID-19 to predominant health conditions. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbab197. [PMID: 34076249 PMCID: PMC8194991 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the association of prevalent health conditions with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, the disease-modifying biomolecules and their pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to understand the influences of COVID-19 on different comorbidities and vice versa through network-based gene expression analyses. Using the shared dysregulated genes, we identified key genetic determinants and signaling pathways that may involve in their shared pathogenesis. The COVID-19 showed significant upregulation of 93 genes and downregulation of 15 genes. Interestingly, it shares 28, 17, 6 and 7 genes with diabetes mellitus (DM), lung cancer (LC), myocardial infarction and hypertension, respectively. Importantly, COVID-19 shared three upregulated genes (i.e. MX2, IRF7 and ADAM8) with DM and LC. Conversely, downregulation of two genes (i.e. PPARGC1A and METTL7A) was found in COVID-19 and LC. Besides, most of the shared pathways were related to inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we identified six potential biomarkers and several important regulatory factors, e.g. transcription factors and microRNAs, while notable drug candidates included captopril, rilonacept and canakinumab. Moreover, prognostic analysis suggests concomitant COVID-19 may result in poor outcome of LC patients. This study provides the molecular basis and routes of the COVID-19 progression due to comorbidities. We believe these findings might be useful to further understand the intricate association of these diseases as well as for the therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulkar Nain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Moinuddin Sheam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Bangladesh
| | - Shifath Bin Syed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Bangladesh
| | - Abdus Samad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology at the Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh
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Jeong J, Lee HK. The Role of CD4 + T Cells and Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11822. [PMID: 34769255 PMCID: PMC8584410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease involving variable airflow limitations, exhibits two phenotypes: eosinophilic and neutrophilic. The asthma phenotype must be considered because the prognosis and drug responsiveness of eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma differ. CD4+ T cells are the main determinant of asthma phenotype. Th2, Th9 and Tfh cells mediate the development of eosinophilic asthma, whereas Th1 and Th17 cells mediate the development of neutrophilic asthma. Elucidating the biological roles of CD4+ T cells is thus essential for developing effective asthma treatments and predicting a patient's prognosis. Commensal bacteria also play a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Beneficial bacteria within the host act to suppress asthma, whereas harmful bacteria exacerbate asthma. Recent literature indicates that imbalances between beneficial and harmful bacteria affect the differentiation of CD4+ T cells, leading to the development of asthma. Correcting bacterial imbalances using probiotics reportedly improves asthma symptoms. In this review, we investigate the effects of crosstalk between the microbiota and CD4+ T cells on the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
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Pyun H, Nam JW, Cho H, Park J, Seo EK, Lee K. Allergic Inflammation Caused by Dimerized Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein is Attenuated by Cardamonin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:765521. [PMID: 34690788 PMCID: PMC8527174 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated in our previous reports that dimeric form of translationally controlled tumor protein (dTCTP) initiates a variety of allergic phenomena. In the present study, we examined whether and how dTCTP's role in allergic inflammation can be modulated or negated. The possible potential of cardamonin as an anti-allergic agent was assessed by ELISA using BEAS-2B cells and OVA-challenged allergic mouse model. The interaction between cardamonin and dTCTP was confirmed by SPR assay. Cardamonin was found to reduce the secretion of IL-8 caused by dTCTP in BEAS-2B cells by interacting with dTCTP. This interaction between dTCTP and cardamonin was confirmed through kinetic analysis (KD = 4.72 ± 0.07 μM). Also, cardamonin reduced the migration of various inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inhibited OVA specific IgE secretion and bronchial remodeling. In addition, cardamonin was observed to have an anti-allergic response by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB. Cardamonin exerts anti-allergic anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting dTCTP, suggesting that it may be useful in the therapy of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejun Pyun
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Cho
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Fluorescence Core Imaging Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyunglim Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Nucleic Acids as Novel Therapeutic Modalities to Address Multiple Sclerosis Onset and Progression. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2611-2627. [PMID: 34694513 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The issue of treating Multiple Sclerosis (MS) begins with disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) which may cause lymphopenia, dyspnea, and many other adverse effects. Consequently, further identification and evaluation of alternative treatments are crucial to monitoring their long-term outcomes and hopefully, moving toward personalized approaches that can be translated into clinical treatments. In this article, we focused on the novel therapeutic modalities that alter the interaction between the cellular constituents contributing to MS onset and progression. Furthermore, the studies that have been performed to evaluate and optimize drugs' efficacy, and particularly, to show their limitations and strengths are also presented. The preclinical trials of novel approaches for multiple sclerosis treatment provide promising prospects to cure the disease with pinpoint precision. Considering the fact that not a single treatment could be effective enough to cover all aspects of MS treatment, additional researches and therapies need to be developed in the future. Since the pathophysiology of MS resembles a jigsaw puzzle, researchers need to put a host of pieces together to create a promising window towards MS treatment. Thus, a combination therapy encompassing all these modules is highly likely to succeed in dealing with the disease. The use of different therapeutic approaches to re-induce self-tolerance in autoreactive cells contributing to MS pathogenesis is presented. A Combination therapy using these tools may help to deal with the clinical disabilities and symptoms of the disease in the future.
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Pandey M, Ojha D, Bansal S, Rode AB, Chawla G. From bench side to clinic: Potential and challenges of RNA vaccines and therapeutics in infectious diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:101003. [PMID: 34332771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The functional and structural versatility of Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) makes them ideal candidates for overcoming the limitations imposed by small molecule-based drugs. Hence, RNA-based biopharmaceuticals such as messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNA mimics, anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs), aptamers, riboswitches, and CRISPR-Cas9 are emerging as vital tools for the treatment and prophylaxis of many infectious diseases. Some of the major challenges to overcome in the area of RNA-based therapeutics have been the instability of single-stranded RNAs, delivery to the diseased cell, and immunogenicity. However, recent advancements in the delivery systems of in vitro transcribed mRNA and chemical modifications for protection against nucleases and reducing the toxicity of RNA have facilitated the entry of several exogenous RNAs into clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of RNA-based vaccines and therapeutics, their production, delivery, current advancements, and future translational potential in treating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Pandey
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Divya Ojha
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Ambadas B Rode
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India.
| | - Geetanjali Chawla
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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RNA-cleaving DNAzymes as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent against antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Curr Genet 2021; 68:27-38. [PMID: 34505182 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of nucleic-acid-based antimicrobials such as RNA-cleaving DNAzyme (RCD), a short catalytically active nucleic acid, is a promising alternative to the current antibiotics. The current rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria renders some antibiotics useless against bacterial infection, thus creating the need for alternative antimicrobials such as DNAzymes. This review summarizes recent advances in the use of RCD as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent against AMR. Firstly, the recent diagnostic application of RCD for the detection of bacterial cells and the associated resistant gene(s) is discussed. The next section summarises the therapeutic application of RCD in AMR bacterial infections which includes direct targeting of the resistant genes and indirect targeting of AMR-associated genes. Finally, this review extends the discussion to challenges of utilizing RCD in real-life applications, and the potential of combining both diagnostic and therapeutic applications of RCD into a single agent as a theranostic agent.
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Idowu TO, Etzrodt V, Pape T, Heineke J, Stahl K, Haller H, David S. Flow-dependent regulation of endothelial Tie2 by GATA3 in vivo. Intensive Care Med Exp 2021; 9:38. [PMID: 34337671 PMCID: PMC8326239 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-021-00402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced endothelial Tie2 expression occurs in diverse experimental models of critical illness, and experimental Tie2 suppression is sufficient to increase spontaneous vascular permeability. Looking for a common denominator among different critical illnesses that could drive the same Tie2 suppressive (thereby leak inducing) phenotype, we identified “circulatory shock” as a shared feature and postulated a flow-dependency of Tie2 gene expression in a GATA3 dependent manner. Here, we analyzed if this mechanism of flow-regulation of gene expression exists in vivo in the absence of inflammation. Results To experimentally mimic a shock-like situation, we developed a murine model of clonidine-induced hypotension by targeting a reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) of approximately 50% over 4 h. We found that hypotension-induced reduction of flow in the absence of confounding disease factors (i.e., inflammation, injury, among others) is sufficient to suppress GATA3 and Tie2 transcription. Conditional endothelial-specific GATA3 knockdown (B6-Gata3tm1-Jfz VE-Cadherin(PAC)-cerERT2) led to baseline Tie2 suppression inducing spontaneous vascular leak. On the contrary, the transient overexpression of GATA3 in the pulmonary endothelium (jet-PEI plasmid delivery platform) was sufficient to increase Tie2 at baseline and completely block its hypotension-induced acute drop. On the functional level, the Tie2 protection by GATA3 overexpression abrogated the development of pulmonary capillary leakage. Conclusions The data suggest that the GATA3–Tie2 signaling pathway might play a pivotal role in controlling vascular barrier function and that it is affected in diverse critical illnesses with shock as a consequence of a flow-regulated gene response. Targeting this novel mechanism might offer therapeutic opportunities to treat vascular leakage of diverse etiologies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40635-021-00402-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitayo O Idowu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerie Etzrodt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thorben Pape
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Stahl
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Innate immune cell dysregulation drives inflammation and disease in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:309-318. [PMID: 34364539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a complex inflammatory disorder that is not generally viewed as a disease involving the adaptive immune system but instead one largely driven by the innate immune system. This article focuses on the cellular dysregulation involving 4 central cell types: eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and innate lymphoid type 2 cells. AERD can be envisioned as involving a self-perpetuating vicious circle in which mediators produced by a differentiated activated epithelial layer, such as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, engage and activate each of these innate immune cells. The activation of these innate immune cells with their production of additional cytokine/chemokine and lipid mediators leads to further recruitment and activation of these innate immune cells. More importantly, numerous mediators produced by these innate immune cells provoke the epithelium to induce further inflammation. This self-perpetuating cycle of inflammation partially explains both current interventions suggested to ameliorate AERD (eg, aspirin desensitization, leukotriene modifiers, anti-IL-5/IL-5 receptor, anti-IL-4 receptor, and anti-IgE) and invites exploration of novel targets as specific therapies for this condition (prostaglandin D2 antagonists or cytokine antagonists [IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin]). Several of these interventions currently show promise in small retrospective analyses but now require definite clinical trials.
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Gavitt TD, Hartmann AK, Sawant SS, Mara AB, Szczepanek SM, Rouge JL. A GATA3 Targeting Nucleic Acid Nanocapsule for In Vivo Gene Regulation in Asthma. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11192-11201. [PMID: 34157834 PMCID: PMC9200080 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is one of the leading chronic lung diseases of both children and adults worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. Many patients have severe asthma, which is refractory to treatment, illustrating the need for the development of new therapeutics for this disease. Herein, we describe the use of a peptide cross-linked nucleic acid nanocapsule (NAN) for the delivery of a GATA3-specific DNAzyme to immune cells, with demonstration of modulated transcriptional activity and behavior of those cells. The NAN, built from peptide cross-linked surfactants, is chemically designed to degrade under inflammation conditions releasing individual DNAzyme-surfactant conjugates in response to proteolytic enzymes. Using the NAN, GATA3 DNAzymes were delivered efficiently to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with clear evidence of uptake by CD4+ helper T cells without the need for harsh transfection agents. Knockdown of GATA3 was achieved in vitro using human Jurkat T cells, which express GATA3 under homeostatic conditions. Additionally, mice treated with DNAzyme-NANs during house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma developed less severe allergic lung inflammation than HDM-only control mice, as measured by pulmonary eosinophilia. This study suggests that peptide cross-linked GATA3 DNAzyme-NANs may have the potential to decrease the severity of asthma symptoms in human patients, and development of this technology for human use warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Gavitt
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Alyssa K Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Shraddha S Sawant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Arlind B Mara
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Steven M Szczepanek
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jessica L Rouge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Zhang N, Bewick B, Schultz J, Tiwari A, Krencik R, Zhang A, Adachi K, Xia G, Yun K, Sarkar P, Ashizawa T. DNAzyme Cleavage of CAG Repeat RNA in Polyglutamine Diseases. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1710-1728. [PMID: 34160773 PMCID: PMC8609077 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CAG repeat expansion is the genetic cause of nine incurable polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases with neurodegenerative features. Silencing repeat RNA holds great therapeutic value. Here, we developed a repeat-based RNA-cleaving DNAzyme that catalyzes the destruction of expanded CAG repeat RNA of six polyQ diseases with high potency. DNAzyme preferentially cleaved the expanded allele in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) cells. While cleavage was non-allele-specific for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) cells, treatment of DNAzyme leads to improved cell viability without affecting mitochondrial metabolism or p62-dependent aggresome formation. DNAzyme appears to be stable in mouse brain for at least 1 month, and an intermediate dosage of DNAzyme in a SCA3 mouse model leads to a significant reduction of high molecular weight ATXN3 proteins. Our data suggest that DNAzyme is an effective RNA silencing molecule for potential treatment of multiple polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Brittani Bewick
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jason Schultz
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Anjana Tiwari
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Robert Krencik
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kaho Adachi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Guangbin Xia
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN USA
| | - Kyuson Yun
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Partha Sarkar
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, UTMB Health, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
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Mo Y, Ye L, Cai H, Zhu G, Wang J, Zhu M, Song X, Yang C, Jin M. SERPINB10 contributes to asthma by inhibiting the apoptosis of allergenic Th2 cells. Respir Res 2021; 22:178. [PMID: 34126986 PMCID: PMC8201873 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 10 (SERPINB10) contributes to allergic inflammation in asthma. However, its role in the T-helper type 2 (Th2) response of allergic asthma is not known. The goal of this study was to unveil the function of SERPINB10 in the Th2 response of allergic asthma and the mechanism by which SERPINB10 affects the viability of Th2 cells. METHODS Th2 cytokines and serum levels of house dust mite (HDM)-specific IgE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined by ELISA in an HDM-induced asthma model. The number and apoptosis of Th1 and Th2 cells in mouse lungs were measured by flow cytometry. Naïve CD4 T cells from patients with asthma were cultured under appropriate polarizing conditions to generate Th1 and Th2 cells. SERPINB10 expression in polarized Th1 and Th2 cells was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. SERPINB10 expression was knocked down in human CD4 T cells with lentivirus. RESULTS Knockdown of SERPINB10 expression significantly diminished HDM-induced Th2 cytokine secretion and level of HDM-specific IgE. After HDM exposure, SERPINB10-knockdown mice had diminished numbers of Th2 cells, but similar numbers of Th1 cells, compared with those in negative-control mice. Th2 cells of SERPINB10-knockdown mice were more susceptible to apoptosis than that of control mice. Stimulating T-cell receptors (TCRs) with anti-CD3 antibody caused upregulation of SERPINB10 expression in polarized Th2 cells, but not polarized Th1 cells. Knockdown of SERPINB10 expression resulted in fewer numbers and greater apoptosis of polarized Th2 cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SERPINB10 may contribute to allergic inflammation and the Th2 response of asthma by inhibiting the apoptosis of Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Mo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guiping Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengchan Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xixi Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chengyu Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Akar-Ghibril N, Casale T, Custovic A, Phipatanakul W. Allergic Endotypes and Phenotypes of Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 8:429-440. [PMID: 32037107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is defined as asthma associated with sensitization to aeroallergens, which leads to asthma symptoms and airway inflammation. Allergic asthma is the most common asthma phenotype. The onset of allergic asthma is most often in childhood and is usually accompanied by other comorbidities including atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. It is often persistent although there is a wide variation in disease severity. It is a TH2-driven process. Biomarkers have been identified to distinguish patients with allergic asthma, particularly serum IgE levels, tests to indicate sensitization to aeroallergens such as specific IgE or skin prick test positivity, blood and sputum eosinophil levels, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and periostin. Treatments for allergic asthma include environmental control measures, allergen immunotherapy, and glucocorticoids. Biologics, targeting the TH2 pathway, have been shown to be effective in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Akar-Ghibril
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Thomas Casale
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
| | - Adnan Custovic
- Respiratory Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Ricciardolo FL, Bertolini F, Carriero V, Sprio AE. Asthma phenotypes and endotypes: a systematic review. Minerva Med 2021; 112:547-563. [PMID: 33969960 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a complex disorder characterized by expiratory airflow limitation, wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough, which can vary over time and in intensity. Being highly heterogeneous, asthma was characterized and classified in several asthma phenotypes and endotypes from 1947 until today. The present systematic review aims to summarize and describe evidence that was published in the last ten years in the field of asthma phenotyping and endotyping. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The systematic review resumed high-quality evidence (clinical trials and randomized control trials) retrieved on MEDLINE and EMBASE databanks and involving adult asthmatic populations. Analyses of literature were conducted according to PRISMA and CASP guidelines. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Querying MEDLINE and EMBASE databanks, 5019 and 12261 entries were retrieved, respectively. Applying limitations for year of publication, age of participants, and type of publication, the search results were reduced to 98 and 132 articles, respectively. After data abstraction and resolution of duplications, only 50 articles were further evaluated. The research products were then classified first in macro-areas of interest (phenotypes or endotypes) and then in detailed micro-areas. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review overviews the principal findings available from high-quality literature in the last decade concerning asthma phenotypes and endotypes. Asthma has been described from different points of view, characterizing symptoms, microbiota composition, comorbidities, viral infections, and airway and/or systemic inflammatory status. The comprehension of precise mechanisms underlying asthma pathogenesis is thereby the basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, likely essential to the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea E Sprio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, Marsa, Malta
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Blood tryptase and thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels predict the risk of exacerbation in severe asthma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8425. [PMID: 33875671 PMCID: PMC8055991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Some patients with severe asthma experience exacerbations despite receiving multiple therapy. The risk of exacerbation and heterogeneous response to treatment may be associated with specific inflammatory molecules that are responsive or resistant to corticosteroids. We aimed to identify the independent factors predictive for the future risk of exacerbation in patients with severe asthma. In this multi-center prospective observational study, 132 patients with severe asthma were enrolled and divided into exacerbation (n = 52) and non-exacerbation (n = 80) groups on the basis of exacerbation rate after a 1-year follow-up period. We found that previous history of severe-to-serious exacerbation, baseline blood eosinophil counts (≥ 291cells/μL), and serum tryptase (≤ 1448 pg/mL) and thrymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels (≥ 25 pg/mL) independently predicted the future development of exacerbation with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of 3.27, 6.04, 2.53 and 8.67, respectively. Notably, the patients with high blood eosinophil counts and low tryptase levels were likely to have more exacerbations than those with low blood eosinophil counts and high tryptase levels (AOR 16.9). TSLP potentially played the pathogenic role across different asthma phenotypes. TSLP and tryptase levels may be implicated in steroid resistance and responsiveness in the asthma inflammatory process. High blood eosinophil counts and low serum tryptase levels predict a high probability of future asthma exacerbation.
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48
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Cusack RP, Whetstone CE, Xie Y, Ranjbar M, Gauvreau GM. Regulation of Eosinophilia in Asthma-New Therapeutic Approaches for Asthma Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040817. [PMID: 33917396 PMCID: PMC8067385 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex and chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, bronchospasm, and airway eosinophilia. As the pathophysiology of asthma is becoming clearer, the identification of new valuable drug targets is emerging. IL-5 is one of these such targets because it is the major cytokine supporting eosinophilia and is responsible for terminal differentiation of human eosinophils, regulating eosinophil proliferation, differentiation, maturation, migration, and prevention of cellular apoptosis. Blockade of the IL-5 pathway has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma. However, several other inflammatory pathways have been shown to support eosinophilia, including IL-13, the alarmin cytokines TSLP and IL-33, and the IL-3/5/GM-CSF axis. These and other alternate pathways leading to airway eosinophilia will be described, and the efficacy of therapeutics that have been developed to block these pathways will be evaluated.
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Leija-Martínez JJ, Del-Río-Navarro BE, Sanchéz-Muñoz F, Muñoz-Hernández O, Hong E, Giacoman-Martínez A, Romero-Nava R, Patricio-Román KL, Hall-Mondragon MS, Espinosa-Velazquez D, Villafaña S, Huang F. Associations of TNFA, IL17A, and RORC mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood leukocytes with obesity-related asthma in adolescents. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108715. [PMID: 33771687 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a unique non-T2 asthma phenotype, characterised by a Th17 immune response. Retinoid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) is the master transcription factor for Th17 polarisation. We investigated the association of TNFA, IL17A, and RORC mRNA expression levels with the non-T2 phenotype. We conducted a cross-sectional study in adolescents, subdivided as follows: healthy (HA), allergic asthma without obesity (AA), obesity without asthma (OB), and non-allergic asthma with obesity (NAO). TNFA, IL17A, and RORC mRNA expression in peripheral blood leukocytes were assessed by RT-PCR. NAO exhibited higher TNFA mRNA expression levels than HA or OB, as well as the highest IL17A and RORC mRNA expression levels among the four groups. The best biomarker for discriminating non-allergic asthma among obese adolescents was RORC mRNA expression levels (area under the curve: 0.95). RORC mRNA expression levels were associated with the non-T2 asthma phenotype, hinting at a therapeutic target in obesity-related asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Leija-Martínez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca E Del-Río-Navarro
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Department of Paediatric Allergy Clinical Immunology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sanchéz-Muñoz
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Onofre Muñoz-Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hong
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Calz. de Los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330, Mexico
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Karla L Patricio-Román
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Margareth S Hall-Mondragon
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Department of Paediatric Allergy Clinical Immunology, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. IMSS, Mexico
| | - Dario Espinosa-Velazquez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Department of Paediatric Allergy Clinical Immunology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santiago Villafaña
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Nain Z, Rana HK, Liò P, Islam SMS, Summers MA, Moni MA. Pathogenetic profiling of COVID-19 and SARS-like viruses. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:1175-1196. [PMID: 32778874 PMCID: PMC7454314 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has recently emerged, causing COVID-19 outbreaks and significant societal/global disruption. Importantly, COVID-19 infection resembles SARS-like complications. However, the lack of knowledge about the underlying genetic mechanisms of COVID-19 warrants the development of prospective control measures. In this study, we employed whole-genome alignment and digital DNA-DNA hybridization analyses to assess genomic linkage between 2019-nCoV and other coronaviruses. To understand the pathogenetic behavior of 2019-nCoV, we compared gene expression datasets of viral infections closest to 2019-nCoV with four COVID-19 clinical presentations followed by functional enrichment of shared dysregulated genes. Potential chemical antagonists were also identified using protein-chemical interaction analysis. Based on phylogram analysis, the 2019-nCoV was found genetically closest to SARS-CoVs. In addition, we identified 562 upregulated and 738 downregulated genes (adj. P ≤ 0.05) with SARS-CoV infection. Among the dysregulated genes, SARS-CoV shared ≤19 upregulated and ≤22 downregulated genes with each of different COVID-19 complications. Notably, upregulation of BCL6 and PFKFB3 genes was common to SARS-CoV, pneumonia and severe acute respiratory syndrome, while they shared CRIP2, NSG1 and TNFRSF21 genes in downregulation. Besides, 14 genes were common to different SARS-CoV comorbidities that might influence COVID-19 disease. We also observed similarities in pathways that can lead to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV diseases. Finally, protein-chemical interactions suggest cyclosporine, resveratrol and quercetin as promising drug candidates against COVID-19 as well as other SARS-like viral infections. The pathogenetic analyses, along with identified biomarkers, signaling pathways and chemical antagonists, could prove useful for novel drug development in the fight against the current global 2019-nCoV pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulkar Nain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, East West University, Bangladesh
| | - Humayan Kabir Rana
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Green University of Bangladesh
| | - Pietro Liò
- Artificial Intelligence Group at the University of Cambridge
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