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Mahrokhian SH, Tostanoski LH, Vidal SJ, Barouch DH. COVID-19 vaccines: Immune correlates and clinical outcomes. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2324549. [PMID: 38517241 PMCID: PMC10962618 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2324549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe disease due to COVID-19 has declined dramatically as a result of widespread vaccination and natural immunity in the population. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that largely escape vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses, the efficacy of the original vaccines has waned and has required vaccine updating and boosting. Nevertheless, hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19 have remained low. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of immune responses that contribute to population immunity and the mechanisms how vaccines attenuate COVID-19 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant H. Mahrokhian
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa H. Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel J. Vidal
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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2
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Williams BS, Piasecki TM, Fiore MC, Conner KL, Slutske WS. Hospital outcomes for young adults with COVID-19. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 8:100155. [PMID: 39100963 PMCID: PMC11296004 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults are at higher risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 with comorbidities increasing such risk. Much less is known about the outcomes of young adults with COVID-19 despite their having had high infection rates. Objectives Our objective was to determine outcomes of hospitalized young adults with COVID-19 infection including rates of oxygen use, mortality, ICU admission, intubation, duration of hospitalization, and factors associated with adverse outcomes. Study design This retrospective cohort study included EHR data from 21 health systems in the United States on 18-29-year-olds hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 1, 2020 - January 31, 2022. Oxygen need was used to identify symptomatic COVID-19. Rates for mortality, ICU admission, and intubation were calculated for the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Effects of demographic and health characteristics on outcomes were assessed as were changes in hospital outcomes over time. Results Our sample included 9871 young adults hospitalized with COVID-19; 35% required oxygen. Of those who required oxygen, 53.5% were female, 23.7% had an anxiety disorder, 2.6% died (n = 89), 27.7% were admitted to the ICU (n = 955), and 15.8% were intubated (n = 547). A past-year history of any cancer was associated with a 2.1 times increased odds of death. Vaccination was associated with a >40% reduction in the odds of ICU admission. Mortality rates did not change significantly across the study period. Conclusions COVID-19 caused significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized young adults who required oxygen. A cancer history was associated with increased risk of death. Vaccination appeared to have had a protective effect on illness severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Williams
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
- Division of Hospital Medicine and Complex Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Thomas M. Piasecki
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Michael C. Fiore
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Karen L. Conner
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Wendy S. Slutske
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
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3
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Zampieri FG, Westphal GA, Santos MAD, Gomes SPC, Gomes JO, Negrelli KL, Santos RHN, Ishihara LM, Miranda TA, Laranjeira LN, Valeis N, Santucci EV, de Souza Dantas VC, Gebara O, Cohn DM, Buchele G, Janiszewski M, de Freitas FG, Dal-Pizzol F, de Matos Soeiro A, Berti IR, Germano A, Schettini DA, Rosa RG, Falavigna M, Veiga VC, Azevedo LCP, Damiani LP, Machado FR, Cavalcanti AB. Antisense therapy to block the Kallikrein-kinin pathway in COVID-19: The ASKCOV randomized controlled trial. J Crit Care 2024; 84:154892. [PMID: 39096659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.154892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of antisense therapy to block kallikrein-kinin pathway in COVID-19 patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, controlled trial enrolling hospitalized COVID-19 patients that required supplementary oxygen to sustain peripheral oxygen saturation. Key exclusion criteria included use of mechanical ventilation or vasopressors, and patients with more than 10 days since symptom onset or more than 48 h of oxygen use. Patients were randomized to either one subcutaneous dose of ISIS721744, an antisense that blocks prekallikrein, or placebo. The primary outcome was the number of days alive and free of oxygen support up to 15 days (DAFOR15). Secondary endpoints included organ failure score, need and duration of mechanical ventilation up to 15 days, and all-cause mortality at 30 days. Exploratory endpoints included physiological parameters, biomarkers, and quality of life. RESULTS From October 10, 2020, to December 09, 2020, 111 patients were randomized at thirteen sites in Brazil (56 to treatment and 55 to control group). Average age was 57.5 years, and most patients were male (68.5%). There were no significant differences in DAFOR15 between groups (5.9 ± 5.2 days for the intervention arm and 7.7 ± 5.1 for the control group; mean difference - 0.65, 95% confidence intervals from -2.95 to 1.36, p = 0.520). CONCLUSION Antisense therapy designed to block the kallikrein-kinin pathway did not demonstrate clinical benefits in increasing days-alive without respiratory support at 15 days in patients with COVID-19 during the first wave in 2020. CLINICALTRIALS GOV IDENTIFIER NCT04549922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Zampieri
- HCOR Research Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Danny M Cohn
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Almir Germano
- Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Regis G Rosa
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Moinhos de vento, Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Maicon Falavigna
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Moinhos de vento, Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Viviane C Veiga
- BP - A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano C P Azevedo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ferjancic Z, Bihelovic F, Vulovic B, Matovic R, Trmcic M, Jankovic A, Pavlovic M, Djurkovic F, Prodanovic R, Djurdjevic Djelmas A, Kalicanin N, Zlatovic M, Sladic D, Vallet T, Vignuzzi M, Saicic RN. Development of iminosugar-based glycosidase inhibitors as drug candidates for SARS-CoV-2 virus via molecular modelling and in vitro studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2289007. [PMID: 38086763 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2289007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed new iminosugar-based glycosidase inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Known drugs (miglustat, migalastat, miglitol, and swainsonine) were chosen as lead compounds to develop three classes of glycosidase inhibitors (α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, and mannosidase). Molecular modelling of the lead compounds, synthesis of the compounds with the highest docking scores, enzyme inhibition tests, and in vitro antiviral assays afforded rationally designed inhibitors. Two highly active α-glucosidase inhibitors were discovered, where one of them is the most potent iminosugar-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent to date (EC90 = 1.94 µM in A549-ACE2 cells against Omicron BA.1 strain). However, galactosidase inhibitors did not exhibit antiviral activity, whereas mannosidase inhibitors were both active and cytotoxic. As our iminosugar-based drug candidates act by a host-directed mechanism, they should be more resilient to drug resistance. Moreover, this strategy could be extended to identify potential drug candidates for other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Bihelovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Vulovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radomir Matovic
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Trmcic
- Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Jankovic
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Pavlovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filip Djurkovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Nevena Kalicanin
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mario Zlatovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Sladic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Institut Pasteur, Center for the Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Institut Pasteur, Center for the Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radomir N Saicic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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Li Z, Liu T, Xie W, Wang Z, Gong B, Yang M, He Y, Bai X, Liu K, Xie Z, Fan H. Protopanaxadiol derivative: A plant origin of novel selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory effect. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 983:176901. [PMID: 39181225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Constant efforts have been made to move towards maintaining the positive anti-inflammatory functions of glucocorticoids (GCs) while minimizing side effects. The anti-inflammatory effect of GCs is mainly attributed to the inhibition of major inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB through GR transrepression, while its side effects are mainly mediated by transactivation. Here, we investigated the selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator (SGRM)-like properties of a plant-derived compound. In this study, glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated alleviation of inflammation by SP-8 was investigated by a combination of in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches. Molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay suggested that SP-8 bound stably to the active site of GR via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. SP-8 activated GR, induced GR nuclear translocation, and inhibited NF-κB pathway activation. Furthermore, SP-8 did not up-regulate the gene and protein expression of PEPCK and TAT in HepG2 cells, and it did not induce fat deposition like GC and has little effect on bone metabolism. Interestingly, SP-8 upregulated GR protein expression and did not cause GR phosphorylation at Ser211 in RAW264.7 cells. This work proved that SP-8 dissociated characteristics of transrepression and transactivation can be separated. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of SP-8 were confirmed in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and in a mouse model of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, respectively. In conclusion, SP-8 might serve as a potential SGRM and might hold great potential for therapeutic use in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, PR China
| | - Teng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenbin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhixia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baifang Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mingyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yaping He
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinxin Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shandong Boyuan Biomedical Co., Ltd, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Zeping Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Huaying Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, PR China.
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Harada N, Shibano I, Izuta Y, Kizawa Y, Shiragami H, Tsumura A, Ohji G, Mugitani A. Infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in an immunocompromised 60-year-old patient with COVID-19. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:1182-1185. [PMID: 38570136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation in COVID-19 patients has been reported, but studies on its clinical significance are lacking. We herein report the occurrence of infectious mononucleosis (IM) due to EBV reactivation in a 60-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis being treated with methotrexate and tocilizumab. The patient presented with a fever and tested positive for COVID-19. Laboratory findings revealed an increased atypical lymphocyte count, decreased platelet count, and elevated liver enzyme levels. Flow cytometry showed predominant expansion of reactive T cells. EBV reactivation was confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The patient was treated with remdesivir, and clinical improvement was observed after 10 days of treatment. Follow-up showed a gradual decrease in the EBV-DNA load with no recurrence of atypical lymphocytes. These findings suggest that COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients may lead to unexpected EBV reactivation and IM, even for patients outside the age at which IM is likely to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ikumi Shibano
- Department of Hematology, Fuchu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuto Izuta
- Department of Hematology, Fuchu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kizawa
- Department of Hematology, Fuchu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Tsumura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fuchu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Goh Ohji
- Division of Infectious Disease Therapeutics, Department of Infectious Disease, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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7
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Mańdziuk J, Kuchar E, Okarska-Napierała M. How international guidelines recommend treating children who have severe COVID-19 or risk disease progression. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:2345-2353. [PMID: 38984679 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study reviewed the current knowledge and guidelines on managing COVID-19 in children and proposed a practical approach to drug treatment. METHODS We analysed international guidelines from four prominent scientific bodies on treating COVID-19 in children. These were the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the American National Institutes of Health, the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Australian National Clinical Evidence Taskforce COVID-19. RESULTS Most paediatric patients with COVID-19 only require symptomatic treatment. There was limited evidence on treatment recommendations for children with severe COVID-19 or at risk of disease progression. However, several drugs are available for children and we have summarised the guidelines, in order to provide a concise, practical format for clinicians. All the guidelines agree that nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir or remdesivir can be used as prophylaxis for severe COVID-19 in high-risk patients. Remdesivir can also be used for severe COVID-19 cases. Glucocorticosteroids are recommended, particularly in patients requiring oxygen therapy. Tocilizumab or baricitinib should be reserved for patients with progressive disease and/or signs of systemic inflammation. CONCLUSION The guidelines provide useful advice and a degree of consensus on specific drug treatment for children with severe COVID-19 or at risk of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mańdziuk
- Department of Pediatrics with Clinical Assessment Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ernest Kuchar
- Department of Pediatrics with Clinical Assessment Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Vaughn VM, Dickson RP, Horowitz JK, Flanders SA. Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Review. JAMA 2024; 332:1282-1295. [PMID: 39283629 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2024]
Abstract
Importance Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) results in approximately 1.4 million emergency department visits, 740 000 hospitalizations, and 41 000 deaths in the US annually. Observations Community-acquired pneumonia can be diagnosed in a patient with 2 or more signs (eg, temperature >38 °C or ≤36 °C; leukocyte count <4000/μL or >10 000/μL) or symptoms (eg, new or increased cough or dyspnea) of pneumonia in conjunction with consistent radiographic findings (eg, air space density) without an alternative explanation. Up to 10% of patients with CAP are hospitalized; of those, up to 1 in 5 require intensive care. Older adults (≥65 years) and those with underlying lung disease, smoking, or immune suppression are at highest risk for CAP and complications of CAP, including sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. Only 38% of patients hospitalized with CAP have a pathogen identified. Of those patients, up to 40% have viruses identified as the likely cause of CAP, with Streptococcus pneumoniae identified in approximately 15% of patients with an identified etiology of the pneumonia. All patients with CAP should be tested for COVID-19 and influenza when these viruses are common in the community because their diagnosis may affect treatment (eg, antiviral therapy) and infection prevention strategies. If test results for influenza and COVID-19 are negative or when the pathogens are not likely etiologies, patients can be treated empirically to cover the most likely bacterial pathogens. When selecting empirical antibacterial therapy, clinicians should consider disease severity and evaluate the likelihood of a bacterial infection-or resistant infection-and risk of harm from overuse of antibacterial drugs. Hospitalized patients without risk factors for resistant bacteria can be treated with β-lactam/macrolide combination therapy, such as ceftriaxone combined with azithromycin, for a minimum of 3 days. Systemic corticosteroid administration within 24 hours of development of severe CAP may reduce 28-day mortality. Conclusions Community-acquired pneumonia is common and may result in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or death. First-line therapy varies by disease severity and etiology. Hospitalized patients with suspected bacterial CAP and without risk factors for resistant bacteria can be treated with β-lactam/macrolide combination therapy, such as ceftriaxone combined with azithromycin, for a minimum of 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M Vaughn
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- Division of Health System Innovation & Research, Department of Population Health Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | - Robert P Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research & Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jennifer K Horowitz
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | - Scott A Flanders
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
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9
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Jaki T, Barnett H, Titman A, Mozgunov P. A seamless Phase I/II platform design with a time-to-event efficacy endpoint for potential COVID-19 therapies. Stat Methods Med Res 2024:9622802241288348. [PMID: 39397762 DOI: 10.1177/09622802241288348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
In the search for effective treatments for COVID-19, the initial emphasis has been on re-purposed treatments. To maximize the chances of finding successful treatments, novel treatments that have been developed for this disease in particular, are needed. In this article, we describe and evaluate the statistical design of the AGILE platform, an adaptive randomized seamless Phase I/II trial platform that seeks to quickly establish a safe range of doses and investigates treatments for potential efficacy. The bespoke Bayesian design (i) utilizes randomization during dose-finding, (ii) shares control arm information across the platform, and (iii) uses a time-to-event endpoint with a formal testing structure and error control for evaluation of potential efficacy. Both single-agent and combination treatments are considered. We find that the design can identify potential treatments that are safe and efficacious reliably with small to moderate sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jaki
- Faculty for Informatics and Data Science, University Regensburg, Germany
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Barnett
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Andrew Titman
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Lancaster University, UK
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10
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Mathur R, Elsafy S, Press AT, Brück J, Hornef M, Martin L, Schürholz T, Marx G, Bartneck M, Kiessling F, Metselaar JM, Storm G, Lammers T, Sofias AM, Koczera P. Neutrophil Hitchhiking Enhances Liposomal Dexamethasone Therapy of Sepsis. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39393087 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c09054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response and is very difficult to treat. In the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model, we show that nanomedicines can effectively alleviate systemic and local septic events by targeting neutrophils. Specifically, by decorating the surface of clinical-stage dexamethasone liposomes with cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) peptides, we promote their engagement with neutrophils in the systemic circulation, leading to their prominent accumulation at primary and secondary sepsis sites. cRGD-targeted dexamethasone liposomes potently reduce immature circulating neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in intestinal sepsis induction sites and the liver. Additionally, they mitigate inflammatory cytokines systemically and locally while preserving systemic IL-10 levels, contributing to lower IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios as compared to control liposomes and free dexamethasone. Our strategy addresses sepsis at the cellular level, illustrating the use of neutrophils both as a therapeutic target and as a chariot for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritvik Mathur
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sara Elsafy
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Adrian T Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Julian Brück
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Lukas Martin
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Tobias Schürholz
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Josbert Maarten Metselaar
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen (CIOA), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen (CIOA), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Patrick Koczera
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
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11
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Tokito T, Kido T, Sato S, Tashiro M, Miyashita R, Ozasa M, Okuno D, Yura H, Takemoto S, Takazono T, Ishimoto H, Sakamoto N, Tanaka T, Obase Y, Ishimatsu Y, Nishino T, Fushimi K, Izumikawa K, Mukae H. Favorable Impact of Azithromycin on Patients in the Intensive Care Unit with Coronavirus Disease 2019: Insights from the First Wave Using a Japanese Database. Respir Med 2024:107834. [PMID: 39395617 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azithromycin has favorable effects on critical respiratory diseases owing to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. During the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, azithromycin was frequently administered before specific treatments were developed. However, the efficacy of this treatment has not been verified. We retrospectively investigated the effects of its intravenous (IV) administration in patients with severe/critical COVID-19 using the National Administrative Database of Japan during the first wave (February-April 2020). METHODS Patients were categorized based on whether they received IV azithromycin within three days of hospitalization. An overlap weighting method with estimated propensity scores was used to reduce bias. RESULTS Among the 830 patients with severe/critical COVID-19, 148 (17.8%) received azithromycin, and 682 (82.2%) did not. After adjustment, the use of azithromycin was associated with a shorter duration of intensive care unit (ICU) management (-3.48 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.59 to -2.38). However, other endpoints, including mortality rate, duration of mechanical ventilation, and duration of hospital stay, did not suggest any associations. Furthermore, of the 115 ICU patients, 27 (23.5%) were treated with IV azithromycin and 88 (76.5%) were not. After adjustment, azithromycin was associated with favorable outcomes, including reduced in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.92), 30-day mortality (OR, 0.46, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.94), and a shorter duration of ICU management (-2.94 days, 95% CI: -5.15 to -0.73). CONCLUSION We verified that IV azithromycin was associated with favorable impact in patients with COVID-19 requiring ICU management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatomo Tokito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Shuntaro Sato
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Tashiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan; Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ozasa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Takemoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takazono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan; Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Obase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan; Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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12
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Blacklaws E, Shah K, Stabler SN. Glycemic Management in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: Evaluation of Glycemic Control and Drug Therapy. Can J Hosp Pharm 2024; 77:e3553. [PMID: 39386973 PMCID: PMC11426961 DOI: 10.4212/cjhp.3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence describes the high incidence and strong impact of hyperglycemia on the outcomes of critically ill patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Given resource limitations during the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians moved away from using continuous IV infusions of insulin to manage hyperglycemia. Objective To evaluate glycemic control in critically ill patients receiving various medication regimens to manage their hyperglycemia. Methods This retrospective cohort study involved 120 mechanically ventilated adult patients (> 18 years) with COVID-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between February 2020 and December 2021. The following data were collected for the first 14 days of the ICU admission: blood glucose values (up to 4 times daily), hypoglycemia events, and antihyperglycemic medication regimens. Results The use of IV insulin infusions maintained glucose measurements within the target range of 4 to 10 mmol/L more often than any other medication regimen, with 60% of measured values falling within the target range. The use of a sliding-scale insulin regimen maintained 52% of glucose measurements within the target range. Oral hypoglycemic agents performed relatively poorly, with only 12% to 29% of glucose measurements within range. The coadministration of corticosteroids led to worse glycemic control across all medication regimens. Conclusions This study confirmed that ICUs should continue using the standard protocol of IV insulin infusion to achieve recommended blood glucose targets in critically ill patients with COVID-19, particularly those receiving corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Blacklaws
- , BSc, PharmD, was, at the time of this study, a student in the Entry-to-Practice PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. She has now graduated and is currently a Year 1 pharmacy resident with Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services in British Columbia
| | - Kieran Shah
- , BSc(Pharm), ACPR, PharmD, is a Clinical Pharmacy Specialist (Critical Care), Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, British Columbia
| | - Sarah N Stabler
- , BSc(Pharm), ACPR, PharmD, is a Clinical Pharmacy Specialist (Critical Care) with Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, British Columbia
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13
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Peluso MJ, Deeks SG. Mechanisms of long COVID and the path toward therapeutics. Cell 2024; 187:5500-5529. [PMID: 39326415 PMCID: PMC11455603 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Long COVID, a type of post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (PASC) defined by medically unexplained symptoms following infection with SARS-CoV-2, is a newly recognized infection-associated chronic condition that causes disability in some people. Substantial progress has been made in defining its epidemiology, biology, and pathophysiology. However, there is no cure for the tens of millions of people believed to be experiencing long COVID, and industry engagement in developing therapeutics has been limited. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the biology and pathophysiology of long COVID, focusing on how the proposed mechanisms explain the physiology of the syndrome and how they provide a rationale for the implementation of a broad experimental medicine and clinical trials agenda. Progress toward preventing and curing long COVID and other infection-associated chronic conditions will require deep and sustained investment by funders and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Limbachia V, Nunney I, Page DJ, Barton HA, Patel LK, Thomason GN, Green SL, Lewis KFJ, Dhatariya K. Differential effects of oral versus intravenous hydrocortisone and dexamethasone on capillary blood glucose levels in adult inpatients - a single centre study. Clin Med (Lond) 2024:100249. [PMID: 39368664 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinme.2024.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticosteroids raise blood glucose concentrations; however, it remains unknown which form of administration, oral or intravenous, is associated with the greatest degree of blood glucose rise in hospitalised patients. Furthermore, whether the pattern of the associated hyperglycaemia throughout the day differs depending on the route of administration. METHODS This was a single centre retrospective study of 384 adult inpatients receiving oral or intravenous hydrocortisone and dexamethasone. Data on capillary glucose concentrations and time taken over seven days were collected. A mixed model for repeated measures was applied to compare changes in glucose concentration over time for oral and intravenous corticosteroids. An auto-regressive covariance structure was employed to model correlations between repeated measurements. This was adjusted for age, sex, pre-admission diabetes, and/or pre-admission corticosteroid status. RESULTS No significant difference was found between oral and intravenous hydrocortisone on day one or across all seven days (Mean Difference 0.17mmol/l (-1.39, 1.75), p=0.827, and Mean Difference 0.20mmol/l (-0.61, 1.01), p=0.639 respectively). There were no differences in mean glucose concentrations between those on oral or intravenous dexamethasone on day one or across all seven days (Mean Difference 0.41mmol/l (-0.55,1.38), p=0.404 and Mean Difference -0.09mmol/l (-1.05,0.87), p=0.855respectively). CONCLUSION This study found that oral and intravenous administration of hydrocortisone and dexamethasone, do not have a significantly differing impact on blood glucose levels. Capillary glucose monitoring is strongly recommended in all individuals who are on either oral or intravenous corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Limbachia
- Department of Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7UY; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK NR4 7TJ
| | - Ian Nunney
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK NR4 7TJ
| | - Daniel J Page
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK NR4 7TJ
| | - Hannah A Barton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK NR4 7TJ
| | - Leena K Patel
- Department of Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7UY
| | | | - Stephan L Green
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK NR4 7TJ
| | - Kieran F J Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7UY
| | - Ketan Dhatariya
- Department of Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7UY; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK NR4 7TJ; Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7UY.
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15
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Benamar M, Lai PS, Huang CY, Chen Q, Oktelik FB, Contini P, Wang M, Okin D, Crestani E, Fong J, Fion TMC, Gokbak MN, Harb H, Phipatanakul W, Marri L, Vassallo C, Guastalla A, Kim M, Sui HY, Berra L, Goldberg MB, Angelini C, De Palma R, Chatila TA. Notch4 regulatory T cells and SARS-CoV-2 viremia shape COVID19 survival outcome. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 39361431 DOI: 10.1111/all.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysregulation and SARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia have been implicated in fatal COVID-19 disease. However, how these two factors interact to shape disease outcomes is unclear. METHODS We carried out viral and immunological phenotyping on a prospective cohort of 280 patients with COVID-19 presenting to acute care hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts and Genoa, Italy between June 1, 2020 and February 8, 2022. Disease severity, mortality, plasma viremia, and immune dysregulation were assessed. A mouse model of lethal H1N1 influenza infection was used to analyze the therapeutic potential of Notch4 and pyroptosis inhibition in disease outcome. RESULTS Stratifying patients based on %Notch4+ Treg cells and/or the presence of plasma viremia identified four subgroups with different clinical trajectories and immune phenotypes. Patients with both high %Notch4+ Treg cells and viremia suffered the most disease severity and 90-day mortality compared to the other groups even after adjusting for baseline comorbidities. Increased Notch4 and plasma viremia impacted different arms of the immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Increased Notch4 was associated with decreased Treg cell amphiregulin expression and suppressive function whereas plasma viremia was associated with increased monocyte cell pyroptosis. Combinatorial therapies using Notch4 blockade and pyroptosis inhibition induced stepwise protection against mortality in a mouse model of lethal H1N1 influenza infection. CONCLUSIONS The clinical trajectory and survival outcome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is predicated on two cardinal factors in disease pathogenesis: viremia and Notch4+ Treg cells. Intervention strategies aimed at resetting the immune dysregulation in COVID-19 by antagonizing Notch4 and pyroptosis may be effective in severe cases of viral lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Benamar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peggy S Lai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ching-Ying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fatma Betul Oktelik
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paola Contini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Clinical Immunology Division, IRCCS-San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Muyun Wang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Okin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena Crestani
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Fong
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tsz Man Chan Fion
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Merve Nida Gokbak
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hani Harb
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luca Marri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Clinical Immunology Division, IRCCS-San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vassallo
- Clinical Immunology Division, IRCCS-San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Guastalla
- Clinical Immunology Division, IRCCS-San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Minsik Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hui-Yu Sui
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcia B Goldberg
- Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "M. Picone", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (IBC), Naples, Italy
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Zhou L, Pereiro MT, Li Y, Derigs M, Kuenne C, Hielscher T, Huang W, Kränzlin B, Tian G, Kobayashi K, Lu GHN, Roedl K, Schmidt C, Günther S, Looso M, Huber J, Xu Y, Wiech T, Sperhake JP, Wichmann D, Gröne HJ, Worzfeld T. Glucocorticoids induce a maladaptive epithelial stress response to aggravate acute kidney injury. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk5005. [PMID: 39356748 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and challenging clinical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality and represents a common complication in critically ill patients with COVID-19. In AKI, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are a primary site of damage, and recovery from AKI depends on TEC plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation and maladaptation of TECs in AKI remain largely unclear. Here, our study of an autopsy cohort of patients with COVID-19 provided evidence that injury of TECs by myoglobin, released as a consequence of rhabdomyolysis, is a major pathophysiological mechanism for AKI in severe COVID-19. Analyses of human kidney biopsies, mouse models of myoglobinuric and gentamicin-induced AKI, and mouse kidney tubuloids showed that TEC injury resulted in activation of the glucocorticoid receptor by endogenous glucocorticoids, which aggravated tubular damage. The detrimental effect of endogenous glucocorticoids on injured TECs was exacerbated by the administration of a widely clinically used synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, as indicated by experiments in mouse models of myoglobinuric- and folic acid-induced AKI, human and mouse kidney tubuloids, and human kidney slice cultures. Mechanistically, studies in mouse models of AKI, mouse tubuloids, and human kidney slice cultures demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptor signaling in injured TECs orchestrated a maladaptive transcriptional program to hinder DNA repair, amplify injury-induced DNA double-strand break formation, and dampen mTOR activity and mitochondrial bioenergetics. This study identifies glucocorticoid receptor activation as a mechanism of epithelial maladaptation, which is functionally important for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 2, Marburg 35043, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street 25, Luzhou 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Taiping Street 25, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Marc Torres Pereiro
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 2, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Yanqun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street 25, Luzhou 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Taiping Street 25, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Marcus Derigs
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, University of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Bioinformatics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstraße 43, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street 25, Luzhou 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Taiping Street 25, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bettina Kränzlin
- Core Facility Preclinical Models, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street 25, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 2, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Gia-Hue Natalie Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 2, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Kevin Roedl
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstraße 43, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- Bioinformatics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstraße 43, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Johannes Huber
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, University of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street 25, Luzhou 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Taiping Street 25, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, Nephropathology Section, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Sperhake
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, Hamburg 22529, Germany
| | - Dominic Wichmann
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 2, Marburg 35043, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Worzfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 2, Marburg 35043, Germany
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17
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Cotter G, Davison B, Freund Y, Mebazaa A, Voors A, Edwards C, Novosadova M, Takagi K, Hayrapetyan H, Mshetsyan A, Mayranush D, Cohen‐Solal A, ter Maaten JM, Biegus J, Ponikowski P, Filippatos G, Chioncel O, Pagnesi M, Simon T, Metra M, Mann DL. Corticosteroid burst therapy in patients with acute heart failure: Design of the CORTAHF pilot study. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:2672-2680. [PMID: 38943232 PMCID: PMC11424380 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation has emerged as a potential key pathophysiological mechanism in heart failure (HF) in general and acute HF (AHF) specifically, with inflammatory biomarkers shown to be highly predictive of adverse outcomes in these patients. The CORTAHF study builds on both these data and the fact that steroid burst therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of respiratory diseases and COVID-19. Our hypothesis is that in patients with AHF and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels without symptoms or signs of infection, a 7-day course of steroid therapy will lead to reduced inflammation and short-term improvement in quality of life and a reduced risk of worsening HF (WHF) events. METHODS AND RESULTS The study, which is currently ongoing, will include 100 patients with AHF ages 18-85, regardless of ejection fraction, screened within 12 h of presentation. Patients will be included who have NT-proBNP > 1500 pg/mL and CRP > 20 mg/L at screening. Exclusion criteria include haemodynamic instability and symptoms and signs of infection. After signed consent, eligible patients will be randomized according to a central randomization scheme stratified by centre 1:1 to either treatment once daily for 7 days with 40 mg prednisone orally or to standard care. Patients will be assessed at study day 2, day 4 or at discharge if earlier, and at days 7 and 31 at the hospital; and at day 91 through a telephone follow-up. The primary endpoint is the change in CRP level from baseline to day 7, estimated from a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) including all measured timepoints, in patients without a major protocol violation. Secondary endpoints include the time to the first event of WHF adverse event, readmission for HF, or death through day 91; and changes to day 7 in EQ-5D visual analogue scale score and utility index. Additional clinical and laboratory measures will be assessed. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study will add to the knowledge of the role of inflammation in AHF and potentially inform the design of larger studies with possibly longer duration of anti-inflammatory therapies in AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Cotter
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR‐S 942 (MASCOT)ParisFrance
- Heart InitiativeDurhamNCUSA
- Momentum Research, Inc.DurhamNCUSA
| | - Beth Davison
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR‐S 942 (MASCOT)ParisFrance
- Heart InitiativeDurhamNCUSA
- Momentum Research, Inc.DurhamNCUSA
| | - Yonathan Freund
- IMProving Emergency Care FHUSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Emergency Department and Service Mobile d'Urgence et de Réanimation (SMUR)Hôpital Pitié‐Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP)ParisFrance
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR‐S 942 (MASCOT)ParisFrance
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, Saint‐Louis and Lariboisière HospitalsFHU PROMICE, DMU Parabol, APHP NordParisFrance
| | - Adriaan Voors
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alain Cohen‐Solal
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR‐S 942 (MASCOT)ParisFrance
- Department of Cardiology, APHP NordLariboisière University HospitalParisFrance
| | - Jozine M. ter Maaten
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Biegus
- Institute of Heart DiseasesWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawaPoland
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Institute of Heart DiseasesWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawaPoland
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of MedicineAttikon University HospitalHaidariGreece
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases ‘Prof. C.C. Iliescu’University of Medicine ‘Carol Davila’BucharestRomania
| | - Matteo Pagnesi
- Department of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Tabassome Simon
- IMProving Emergency Care FHUSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research Platform Paris‐East (URCEST‐CRC‐CRB)St Antoine Hospital, APHPParisFrance
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Douglas L. Mann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Center for Cardiovascular ResearchWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
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18
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Núñez I, Belaunzarán-Zamudio PF. Preventable sources of bias in subgroup analyses and secondary outcomes of randomized trials. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 145:107641. [PMID: 39074532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for determining treatment efficacy in medicine. To deter harmful practices such as p-hacking and hypothesizing after the results are known, any analysis of subgroups and secondary outcomes must be documented and pre-specified. However, they can still introduce bias (and routinely do) if they are not treated with the same consideration as the primary analysis. METHODS We describe several sources of bias that affect subgroup and secondary outcome analyses using published randomized trials and causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). RESULTS We use the RECOVERY and START trials to elucidate sources of bias in analyses of subgroups and secondary outcomes. Chance imbalance can occur if the distribution of prognostic variables is not sought for any given subgroup analysis as for the main analysis. This differential distribution of prognostic variables can also occur in analyses of secondary outcomes. Selection bias can occur if the subgroup variable is causally related to staying in the trial. Given loss to follow up is not normally addressed in subgroups, attrition bias can pass unnoticed in these cases. In every case, the solution is to take the same considerations for these analyses as we do for primary analyses. CONCLUSIONS Approval of treatments and clinical decisions can occur based on results from subgroup or secondary outcome analyses. Thus, it is important to give them the same treatment as primary analyses to avoid preventable biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Núñez
- Department of Medical Education, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico City CP 14080, Mexico; Division of Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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19
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Vignarajah M, Rochwerg B. Adaptive platform trials in critical care. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2024; 4:478-479. [PMID: 39310060 PMCID: PMC11411421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Muralie Vignarajah
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Bram Rochwerg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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20
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Zeng G, Liu J. Comment on: "Dexamethasone treatment for COVID-19 is related to increased mortality in hematologic malignancy patients: results from the EPICOVIDEHA registry". Haematologica 2024; 109:3455-3456. [PMID: 38779722 PMCID: PMC11443369 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2024.285726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guangting Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou
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21
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Latarissa IR, Rendrayani F, Iftinan GN, Suhandi C, Meiliana A, Sormin IP, Barliana MI, Lestari K. The Efficacy of Oral/Intravenous Corticosteroid Use in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review. J Exp Pharmacol 2024; 16:321-337. [PMID: 39371262 PMCID: PMC11453156 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s484596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is prompting extensive investigation into potential treatments, including the use of corticosteroids to manage inflammation and mitigate severe disease outcomes. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral/intravenous corticosteroids in the management of COVID-19. A comprehensive search was conducted across major scientific databases such as MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane for relevant studies published from 2019-2024. The inclusion criteria included studies investigating the use of oral/intravenous corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients >18 years with a randomized placebo-controlled trial method. Non-placebo-controlled studies, studies using combined treatments with other drugs, as well as protocol articles, conference proceedings, review articles, and non-English studies were excluded. A narrative synthesis approach was adopted given the significant methodological diversity. The results showed that a total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria covering the use of three drugs, including dexamethasone (three), hydrocortisone (two), and methylprednisolone (seven). The outcome parameters used for each study were different. Among the total 12 studies, five showed insignificant results for hydrocortisone (two) and methylprednisolone (three), while others reported significant results. This systematic review suggested that oral/intravenous corticosteroids might confer clinical benefits in the management of COVID-19, particularly in reducing mortality and severe disease outcomes. However, further investigation was needed to establish standardized protocols regarding dosage, duration, and safety considerations to optimize efficacy and minimize potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Rahayu Latarissa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (MTAC), Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Farida Rendrayani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Ghina Nadhifah Iftinan
- Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (MTAC), Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Cecep Suhandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Anna Meiliana
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ida Paulina Sormin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of 17 August 1945 Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Prodia Diacro Laboratories, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Intan Barliana
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Keri Lestari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (MTAC), Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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22
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Kjellberg A, Douglas J, Pawlik MT, Hassler A, Al-Ezerjawi S, Boström E, Abdel-Halim L, Liwenborg L, Jonasdottir-Njåstad AD, Kowalski J, Catrina SB, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Lindholm P. Five sessions of hyperbaric oxygen for critically ill patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS: A randomised, open label, phase II trial. Respir Med 2024; 232:107744. [PMID: 39059726 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few treatment options exist for patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Data on the benefits and harms of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) for this condition is limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate benefits and harms of HBOT in patients with COVID-19 induced ARDS. METHODS In this open-label trial conducted at three hospitals in Sweden and Germany, patients with moderate to severe ARDS and at least two risk factors for unfavourable outcome, were randomly assigned (1:1) to medical oxygen 100 %, 2·4 Atmospheres absolute (ATA), 80 min (HBOT) adjuvant to best practice or to best practice alone (Control). Randomisation was stratified by sex and site. The primary endpoint was ICU admission by Day 30. RESULTS Between June 4, 2020, and Dec 1, 2021, 34 subjects were randomised to HBOT (N = 18) or Control (N = 16). The trial was prematurely terminated for futility. There was no statistically significant difference in ICU admission, 5 (50 %) in Control vs 13 (72 %) in HBOT. OR 2·54 [95 % CI 0·62-10·39], p = 0·19. HARMS 102 adverse events (AEs) were recorded. 16 (94 %) subjects in the HBOT group and 14 (93 %) in the control group had at least one AE. Three serious adverse events (SAEs), were at least, possibly related to HBOT. All deaths were unlikely related to HBOT. CONCLUSIONS HBOT did not reduce ICU admission or mortality in patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS. The trial cannot conclude definitive benefits or harms. Treating COVID-19-induced ARDS with HBOT is feasible with a favourable harms profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Kjellberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medical Unit Intensive Care and Thoracic Surgery, Hyperbaric Medicine, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Johan Douglas
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Blekingesjukhuset, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Michael T Pawlik
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic Charities Hospital, St. Josef, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Hassler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Acute and Reparative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Al-Ezerjawi
- Acute and Reparative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emil Boström
- Acute and Reparative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina Abdel-Halim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Liwenborg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Center, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenny A Rodriguez-Wallberg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Gynaecology and Reproduction, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lindholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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23
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Andonian BJ, Hippensteel JA, Abuabara K, Boyle EM, Colbert JF, Devinney MJ, Faye AS, Kochar B, Lee J, Litke R, Nair D, Sattui SE, Sheshadri A, Sherman AN, Singh N, Zhang Y, LaHue SC. Inflammation and aging-related disease: A transdisciplinary inflammaging framework. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01364-0. [PMID: 39352664 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging, a state of chronic, progressive low-grade inflammation during aging, is associated with several adverse clinical outcomes, including frailty, disability, and death. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of aging and is linked to the pathogenesis of many aging-related diseases. Anti-inflammatory therapies are also increasingly being studied as potential anti-aging treatments, and clinical trials have shown benefits in selected aging-related diseases. Despite promising advances, significant gaps remain in defining, measuring, treating, and integrating inflammaging into clinical geroscience research. The Clin-STAR Inflammation Research Interest Group was formed by a group of transdisciplinary clinician-scientists with the goal of advancing inflammaging-related clinical research and improving patient-centered care for older adults. Here, we integrate insights from nine medical subspecialties to illustrate the widespread impact of inflammaging on diseases linked to aging, highlighting the extensive opportunities for targeted interventions. We then propose a transdisciplinary approach to enhance understanding and treatment of inflammaging that aims to improve comprehensive care for our aging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Andonian
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Joseph A Hippensteel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katrina Abuabara
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eileen M Boyle
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James F Colbert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael J Devinney
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam S Faye
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bharati Kochar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiha Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rachel Litke
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Devika Nair
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sebastian E Sattui
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anoop Sheshadri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Nephrology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Namrata Singh
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sara C LaHue
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, and the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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24
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Zhao P, Higashijima Y, Sonoda H, Morinaga R, Uema K, Oguchi A, Matsuzaki T, Ikeda M. Glucocorticoid-induced acute diuresis in rats in relation to the reduced renal expression of sodium-dependent cotransporter genes. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 156:115-124. [PMID: 39179330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have shown that glucocorticoids exert diuretic effects in animals and humans, the underlying mechanism responsible for the acute diuretic effect remains obscure. Here we examined the mechanism in terms of gene-expression. We observed that glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone (Dex) and prednisolone (PSL), acutely induced diuresis in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Free water clearance values were negative after Dex or PSL treatment, similar to those observed after treatment with osmotic diuretics (furosemide and acetazolamide). Dex significantly increased the urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, and inorganic phosphorus. Renal microarray analysis revealed that Dex significantly altered the renal expression of genes related to transmembrane transport activity. The mRNA levels of sodium/phosphate (NaPi-2a/Slc34a1, NaPi-2b/Slc34a2, and NaPi-2c/Slc34a3) and sodium/glucose cotransporters (Sglt2/Slc5a2) were significantly reduced in the Dex-treated kidney, being negatively correlated with the urinary excretion of their corresponding solutes. Dex did not affect renal expression of the natriuretic peptide receptor 1 (Npr1) gene, or the expression, localization, and phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2), a water channel protein. These findings suggest that the acute diuretic effects of glucocorticoids might be mediated by reduced expression of sodium-dependent cotransporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Higashijima
- Institute for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Sonoda
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Rio Morinaga
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Keito Uema
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Akane Oguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeda
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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25
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Tran Van Hoi E, Appelman B, Mooijaart S, Dalm VASH, Polinder Bos HA, van Heemst D, van Raaij BFM, Noordam R, Kuranova A, Hoogerwerf JJ, Peeters G, Smorenberg A. The association of inflammatory markers with frailty and in-hospital mortality in older COVID-19 patients. Exp Gerontol 2024; 195:112534. [PMID: 39098360 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID19 pandemic, older patients hospitalized for COVID-19 exhibited an increased mortality risk compared to younger patients. While ageing is associated with compromised immune responses and frailty, their contributions and interplay remain understudied. This study investigated the association between inflammatory markers and mortality and potential modification by frailty among older patients hospitalized for COVID-19. METHODS Data were from three multicenter Dutch cohorts (COVID-OLD, CliniCo, Covid-Predict). Patients were 70 years or older, hospitalized for COVID-19and categorized into three frailty groups: fit (Clinical frailty score (CFS) 1-3), pre-frail (CFS 4-5), and frail (CFS 6-9). Immunological markers (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic inflammation index (SII)) were measured at baseline. Associations with in hospital mortality were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 1697 patients were included from COVID-OLD, 656 from Covid-Predict, and 574 from CliniCo. The median age was 79, 77, and 78 years for each cohort. Hospital mortality rates were 33 %, 27 % and 39 % in the three cohorts, respectively. A lower CRP was associated with a higher frailty score in all three cohorts (all p < 0.01). Lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, NLR, PLR, or SII, were similar across frailty groups. Higher CRP levels were associated with increased in-hospital mortality risk across all frailty groups, across all cohorts (OR (95 % CI), 2.88 (2.20-3.78), 3.15 (1.95-5.16), and 3.28 (1.87-5.92)), and frailty did not modify the association between inflammatory markers and in-hospital mortality (all p-interaction>0.05). CONCLUSION While frailty is a significant factor in determining overall outcomes in older patients, our study suggests that the elevated risk of mortality in older patients with frailty compared to fit patients is likely not explained by difference in inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Tran Van Hoi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Brent Appelman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Mooijaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harmke A Polinder Bos
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bas F M van Raaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Kuranova
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacobien J Hoogerwerf
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Geeske Peeters
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Smorenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Geriatric Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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Hobbs FR, Gbinigie-Thompson OA, Shanyinde M, Yu LM, Harris V, Dorward J, Hayward G, Saville BR, Berry NS, Evans PH, Thomas NP, Patel MG, Richards D, Hecke OV, Detry MA, Saunders CT, Fitzgerald M, Robinson J, Latimer-Bell C, Allen J, Ogburn E, Grabey J, de Lusignan S, Andersson M, Little P, Butler CC. Favipiravir for COVID-19 in adults in the community in PRINCIPLE, an open-label, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial of short- and longer-term outcomes. J Infect 2024; 89:106248. [PMID: 39216829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the effect of favipiravir treatment of acute COVID-19 on recovery, hospital admissions and longer-term outcomes in community settings is limited. METHODS In this multicentre. open-label, multi-arm, adaptive platform randomised controlled trial participants aged ≥18 years in the community with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms lasting ≤14 days were randomised to: usual care; usual care plus favipiravir tablets (loading dose of 3600 mg in divided doses on day one, then 800 mg twice a day for four days); or, usual care plus other interventions. Co-primary endpoints were time to first self-reported recovery and hospitalisation/death related to COVID-19, within 28 days, analysed using Bayesian models. Recovery at six months was the primary longer-term outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN86534580. FINDINGS The primary analysis model included 8811 SARS-CoV-2 positive mostly COVID vaccinated participants, randomised to favipiravir (n = 1829), usual care (n = 3256), and other treatments (n = 3726). Time to self-reported recovery was shorter in the favipiravir group than usual care (estimated hazard ratio 1·23 [95% credible interval 1·14 to 1·33]), a reduction of 2·98 days [1·99 to 3·94] from 16 days in median time to self-reported recovery for favipiravir versus usual care alone. COVID-19 related hospitalisations/deaths were similar (estimated odds ratio 0·99 [0·61 to 1·61]; estimated difference 0% [-0·9% to 0·6%]). 14 serious adverse events occurred in the favipiravir group and 4 in usual care. By six months, the proportion feeling fully recovered was 74·9% for favipiravir versus 71·3% for usual care (RR = 1·05, [1·02 to 1·08]). INTERPRETATION In this open-label trial in a largely vaccinated population with COVID-19 in the community, favipiravir did not reduce hospital admissions, but shortened time to recovery and had a marginal positive impact on long term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fd Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Milensu Shanyinde
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ly-Mee Yu
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria Harris
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jienchi Dorward
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gail Hayward
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin R Saville
- Berry Consultants, TX, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, TN, USA
| | | | - Philip H Evans
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network, National Institute for Health and Care Research, Leeds, UK
| | - Nicholas Pb Thomas
- Royal College of General Practitioners, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network Thames Valley and South Midlands, National Institute for Health and Care Research, Oxford, UK
| | - Mahendra G Patel
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Duncan Richards
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Van Hecke
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jared Robinson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Julie Allen
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Ogburn
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenna Grabey
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Royal College of General Practitioners, London, UK
| | - Monique Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Little
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher C Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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D'Cunha M, Jenkins JA, Wilson R, Farina JM, Omar A, Langlais B, Benz C, D'Cunha J, Reck Dos Santos PA. Lung Transplantation in the United States for COVID-19 Related Lung Disease During the Pandemic. Lung 2024; 202:723-737. [PMID: 38937286 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-024-00724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung transplantation (LTx) is a potential intervention for end-stage COVID-19 lung disease. Current literature is sparse regarding the outcomes of LTx for COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). This study aims to characterize outcomes and patterns of LTx for COVID-19 related lung disease throughout the pandemic. METHODS Patients who underwent LTx during the pandemic for COVID-19 related lung disease were retrospectively identified using the UNOS registry. Demographics, as well as outcomes measures and nationwide patterns of care were collected and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 510 adult cases of LTx for COVID-19 (259 ARDS, 251 PF) were compared to 4,031 without COVID-19 (3,994 PF, 37 ARDS). Patients who received LTx for COVID-19 ARDS did not differ in 2-year survival when compared to those with COVID-19 PF (81.9% vs 77.2%, p = 0.4428). Compared to non-COVID-19 etiologies, COVID-19 ARDS patients had higher rates of stroke (2.3% vs 0%, p = 0.0005), lower rates of graft failure (12.8% vs 36.1%, p = 0.0003) and post-transplant ECMO (29.6% vs 41.7%, p = 0.0002), and improved 2-year survival following LTx (81.9% vs 61.7%, p = 0.0064). No difference in 2-year survival following LTx was observed between patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 PF (77.2% vs 71.8%, p = 0.34). Rates of LTx spiked with variant emergence and declined with rounds of vaccination. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with early reports of survival outcomes following LTx for COVID-19 ARDS and PF while providing an increased layer of granularity. LTx may be considered as a safe and effective intervention for COVID-19 lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla D'Cunha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - J Asher Jenkins
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Renita Wilson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Juan Maria Farina
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Ashraf Omar
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Blake Langlais
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Cecilia Benz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Jonathan D'Cunha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
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Gulick RM, Pau AK, Daar E, Evans L, Gandhi RT, Tebas P, Ridzon R, Masur H, Lane HC, Adimora AA, Baker J, Kreuziger LB, Bedimo R, Belperio P, Bhalla A, Burgess T, Campbell D, Cantrill S, Chew K, Chiotos K, Coopersmith C, Davey R, Dzierba A, Eisnor D, Eschenauer G, Francis J, Gallagher J, Glidden D, Goldenberg N, Grund B, Han A, Hardy E, Harrison C, Henderson L, Higgs E, Hinkson C, Hughes B, Johnson S, Keller M, Kim A, Knight R, Kuriakose S, Lennox J, Lerner A, Levy M, Li J, MacBrayne C, Martin G, Nadig N, Nason M, Patel P, Pavia A, Proschan M, Schulert G, Seam N, Sheikh V, Simpson S, Singh K, Swindells S, Tien P, Uyeki T, Waghmare A, Wolfe C, Yazdany J, Aberg J. National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel: Perspectives and Lessons Learned. Ann Intern Med 2024. [PMID: 39348691 DOI: 10.7326/annals-24-00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
DESCRIPTION In March 2020, the White House Coronavirus Task Force determined that clinicians in the United States needed expert treatment guidelines to optimally manage patients with COVID-19, a potentially life-threatening disease caused by a new pathogen for which no specific treatments were known to be effective. METHODS The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services requested that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) take the lead in expeditiously convening a panel of experts to create "living" guidelines that would be widely accessible and capable of frequent updating as important new information became available. RECOMMENDATIONS The purpose of this article is to expand on the experiences of the NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel (the Panel) over the past 4 years, summarize the Panel's final recommendations for COVID-19, highlight some challenges and unanswered questions about COVID-19 management, and inform future responses to public health emergencies. The Panel was formed in March 2020, and the first iteration of the guidelines was released in April 2020. Now that the public health emergency has ended, the NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines have sunsetted. This role will now fall to professional societies and organizations, such as the American College of Physicians, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the World Health Organization, all of which have been active in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy M Gulick
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (R.M.G.)
| | - Alice K Pau
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.P., R.R., H.M., H.C.L.)
| | - Eric Daar
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California (E.D.)
| | - Laura Evans
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (L.E.)
| | - Rajesh T Gandhi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.T.G.)
| | - Pablo Tebas
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.T.)
| | - Renée Ridzon
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.P., R.R., H.M., H.C.L.)
| | - Henry Masur
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.P., R.R., H.M., H.C.L.)
| | - H Clifford Lane
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.P., R.R., H.M., H.C.L.)
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Schmieszek J, Fuehner T, Renger I, Welte T, Menne J, Fuge J, Van't Klooster MP, Paul A, Siegert A, Borchina DN, Falk CS, Kielstein JT. Effect of a biomimetic pathogen adsorbing device on inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 patients. Ther Apher Dial 2024; 28:802-809. [PMID: 38736311 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Seraph 100 Microbind Affinity blood filter eliminate bacteria, viruses, fungi and toxins from blood stream. METHODS This is a prospective multicenter observational biomarker trial in PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 patients with acute respiratory failure. Biomarkers were sequentially tested at three time points. RESULTS Forty-two patients with SARS-CoV-2 detected by PCR with acute respiratory failure were included. When receiving hemoperfusion treatment, 27 (64%) patients were on mechanical ventilation, 41 (98%) patients were treated in the ICU. The 3-month survival was 52%. After one hemoperfusion treatment cycle, D-dimer (p = 0.014), hemoglobin (p = 0.003) and LDH (p = 0.001) concentrations were significantly reduced 4 days after treatment. From the multiplex assay IL-1b, CXCL8/ IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, CCL11/Eotaxin, G-CSF, and CXCL10/IP-10 were significantly reduced 1 h after treatment, however not 4 days later. CONCLUSION Hemoperfusion with Seraph 100 Microbind Affinity Filter in patients with severe COVID-19 can transiently reduce several inflammatory biomarkers in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schmieszek
- Department of Respiratory, Sleep and Intensive Care Medicine, Siloah Hospital, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Fuehner
- Department of Respiratory, Sleep and Intensive Care Medicine, Siloah Hospital, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and German Centre for Lung Research (DZL/BREATH), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabelle Renger
- Department of Respiratory, Sleep and Intensive Care Medicine, Siloah Hospital, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and German Centre for Lung Research (DZL/BREATH), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Menne
- Department of Nephrology, Angiology, and Rheumatology, Siloah Hospital, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Fuge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and German Centre for Lung Research (DZL/BREATH), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria P Van't Klooster
- Department of Respiratory, Sleep and Intensive Care Medicine, Siloah Hospital, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Paul
- Department of Respiratory, Sleep and Intensive Care Medicine, Siloah Hospital, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alina Siegert
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Blood Purification, Academic Teaching Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dan-Nicolae Borchina
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Blood Purification, Academic Teaching Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan T Kielstein
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Blood Purification, Academic Teaching Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Yang Y, Azzuolo A, Fodil N, Gros P. Gene: environment interactions in immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 90:102459. [PMID: 39243725 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite its devastating human cost, the rapid spread and global establishment of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic had the benefit of providing unique insights into the intricate interplay between genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors, which collectively impact susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Preceding the implementation of broad vaccination programs and assuming the absence of significant acquired immunity, examining the innate vulnerability to the virus becomes essential. There is indeed considerable heterogeneity observed at both the population and individual levels for various SARS-CoV-2 infection phenotypes, including emergence, progression, and survival from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome. Particularly intriguing is the seemingly milder course of COVID-19 disease reported for the African continent early during the pandemic. This was characterized by significantly lower mortality rates in SARS-CoV-2 patients compared with the European and American continents and globally. We will discuss some of the demographic and socioeconomic factors that may have contributed to these observations. We review the mapped COVID-19 genetic architecture, including the remarkable association of type I interferon as a single protective mechanism and a major determinant of susceptibility. Furthermore, we speculate on potential 'environmental' modulators of penetrance and expressivity of intrinsic vulnerability factors, with a focus on the microbiome and associated metabolomes. Additionally, this review explores the potential immunomodulatory contribution of helminth parasites to the human host immune and inflammatory responses to respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill Research Center of Complex Traits, and Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alessia Azzuolo
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill Research Center of Complex Traits, and Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill Research Center of Complex Traits, and Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill Research Center of Complex Traits, and Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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31
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Zhang W, Liu F, Liang E, Zhang L. Evolution of Treatment Modalities for Disseminated HAdV Infection in Neonates. Pediatrics 2024; 154:e2024066677. [PMID: 39238444 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2024-066677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in newborns is a rare condition that typically affects multiple organ systems and has a high mortality rate. We report a case of neonatal HAdV-D37 infection that presented with fever and respiratory distress that was confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing using blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We treated the patient with intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone, and anticoagulants, and the patient recovered. Our review of 41 cases of HAdV found that treatment with intravenous immunoglobin might have improved the outcome of HAdV-D infection. We further suggest that glucocorticoid therapy may have additional therapeutic validity in the setting of severe or disseminated disease and that monitoring coagulation function and timely anticoagulation treatment should be considered to prevent complications associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Enlin Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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32
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Aiello TF, Garcia-Vidal C. Reply to the Comment on: "Dexamethasone treatment for COVID-19 is related to increased mortality in hematologic malignancy patients: results from the EPICOVIDEHA Registry". Haematologica 2024; 109:3457-3458. [PMID: 38841780 PMCID: PMC11443359 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2024.285875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
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33
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Mi X, Zhang X, Dai Z, Yan X, Xing Y, Mei J, Ma L, Guo C, Tian D, Du X, Liu L, Pu Q. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of lung transplantation in patients with severe COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 147:107176. [PMID: 39025203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesize the clinical experience of patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pulmonary fibrosis (PF) receiving lung transplantation (LTx) and compare the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 LTx patients. METHODS A literature search of online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wan Fang databases) was performed regarding LTx for COVID-19-associated ARDS or PF. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD2024507647). RESULTS Eight eligible studies were included with 478 COVID-19 LTx patients and 163 non-COVID-19 LTx patients. In COVID-19 LTx patients, the pooled hospital mortality and follow-up survival rate was 0.00% (95% CI 0.00-0.03) and 87.40% (95% CI 0.76-0.96). Compared to non-COVID-19 LTx patients, COVID-19 LTx patients were associated with significantly higher rate of primary graft dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] 8.72, 95% CI 3.54-21.47, P < 0.001) but significantly higher follow-up survival rate (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.02-6.01, P = 0.04), within an overall similar follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS For patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS or PF, LTx offers acceptable short-term outcomes and is suggested as a viable lifesaving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Mi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhangyi Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yikai Xing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiandong Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinmiao Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Pu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sweeney DA, Póvoa P. What are the clinical and research lessons learned from immunomodulators and other therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic? Curr Opin Crit Care 2024; 30:420-426. [PMID: 39150024 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The development and use of immunomodulators and other therapies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provided several lessons with respect to these therapies, and to how medical researchers and clinicians should approach the next pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS New or repurposed therapies, particularly immunomodulator treatments, for the treatment of an infectious disease will always be associated with inherent patient risk and this was the case during the COVID-19 pandemic. The concomitant development and use of effective antimicrobial therapies along with close monitoring for secondary infections is paramount for patient safety and treatment success. The development of immunomodulators and other therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic further highlighted the importance of maintaining high standards for medical research for all potential treatment with large double-blind placebo-controlled trials and peer review being the best mode of disseminating medical results rather than social media outlets. SUMMARY The next new and emerging pandemic will undoubtedly share many of the same challenges posed by COVID-19. It is important that researchers and clinicians learn from this experience, adhere to tried and true clinical care, all the while conducting high quality research aimed at developing definitive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Sweeney
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pedro Póvoa
- NOVA Medical School, CHRH, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, OUH Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, CHLO, Estrada do Forte do Alto do Duque, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ananth S, Mathioudakis AG, Hansel J. Steroids in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Breathe (Sheff) 2024; 20:240081. [PMID: 39360025 PMCID: PMC11444496 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0081-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence regarding the use of steroids in severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with previous randomised controlled trials limited by small sample sizes. ESCAPe and CAPE COD are two recently published large trials on steroids in severe CAP. ESCAPe assessed the initiation of methylprednisolone within 72-96 h of hospital admission, while CAPE COD studied the use of hydrocortisone within 24 h of the development of severe CAP. ESCAPe did not show any differences in all-cause 60-day mortality or any of its secondary outcomes. CAPE COD showed that hydrocortisone improved all-cause 28-day mortality and reduced the risk of intubation or vasopressor-dependent shock. Important differences between the trials included the steroid regimens used, timing of steroid administration and baseline characteristics, with more diabetic patients included in ESCAPe. The results of CAPE COD support the initiation of hydrocortisone within 24 h of developing severe CAP, but more research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes and optimum dosing regimens for steroids in severe CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Ananth
- London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexander G Mathioudakis
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- The North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jan Hansel
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- The North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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36
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Gray MC, Traube C, Sewell TB, Geneslaw AS. Delirium Associated with COVID-19 in Critically ill Children: An Observational Cohort Study. J Intensive Care Med 2024; 39:1002-1011. [PMID: 38689485 DOI: 10.1177/08850666241249169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delirium is an under-recognized problem in critically ill children. Although delirium is common in adults hospitalized with COVID-19, the relationship between pediatric COVID-19 and delirium has not been described. To address this gap, we characterized delirium in critically ill children with different manifestations of COVID-19 and investigated associations among demographic, disease, and treatment factors. We hypothesized that multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) would be associated with a higher incidence of delirium given its underlying pathophysiology of hyperinflammation. DESIGN Retrospective, single-center cohort study. SETTING Quaternary-care pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). PATIENTS Children less than 18 years of age hospitalized in the PICU between March 2020 and March 2023 with either active SARS-CoV-2 infection or serological evidence of prior infection. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The cohort included 149 PICU hospitalizations among children with evidence of COVID-19. Patients were categorized by reason for PICU admission: 75 (50%) for COVID-19 respiratory disease, 36 (24%) MIS-C, and 38 (26%) any other primary reason with positive COVID-19 testing. Delirium was diagnosed in 43 (29%) patients. Delirium incidence was highest in patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (56% vs 7.5% in patients who did not require IMV, p < .001). Patients who were exposed to opioids, dexmedetomidine, paralytics or benzodiazepines more frequently experienced delirium compared to those unexposed (p < .001, p < .001, p < .001 and p = .001, respectively). After multivariable adjustment, delirium was associated with IMV (HR 3 [95% CI 1.5-5.7]), female sex (HR 2.4 [1.2-4.7]), and developmental disability (HR 3.4 [95% CI 1-11.1]). There was no association between delirium and reason for PICU hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Delirium was common among children hospitalized with COVID-19. The overall incidence was much less than has been reported in adults with COVID-19. Delirium reduction efforts should focus on children with developmental disability and minimizing ongoing risks during IMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C Gray
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care & Hospital Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chani Traube
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taylor B Sewell
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care & Hospital Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S Geneslaw
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care & Hospital Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Perez-Guzman PN, Chanda SL, Schaap A, Shanaube K, Baguelin M, Nyangu ST, Kanyanga MK, Walker P, Ayles H, Chilengi R, Verity R, Hauck K, Knock ES, Cori A. Pandemic burden in low-income settings and impact of limited and delayed interventions: A granular modelling analysis of COVID-19 in Kabwe, Zambia. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 147:107182. [PMID: 39067669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pandemic response in low-income countries (LICs) or settings often suffers from scarce epidemic surveillance and constrained mitigation capacity. The drivers of pandemic burden in such settings, and the impact of limited and delayed interventions remain poorly understood. METHODS We analysed COVID-19 seroprevalence and all-cause excess deaths data from the peri-urban district of Kabwe, Zambia between March 2020 and September 2021 with a novel mathematical model. Data encompassed three consecutive waves caused by the wild-type, Beta and Delta variants. RESULTS Across all three waves, we estimated a high cumulative attack rate, with 78% (95% credible interval [CrI] 71-85) of the population infected, and a high all-cause excess mortality, at 402 (95% CrI 277-473) deaths per 100,000 people. Ambitiously improving health care to a capacity similar to that in high-income settings could have averted up to 46% (95% CrI 41-53) of accrued excess deaths, if implemented from June 2020 onward. An early and accelerated vaccination rollout could have achieved the highest reductions in deaths. Had vaccination started as in some high-income settings in December 2020 and with the same daily capacity (doses per 100 population), up to 68% (95% CrI 64-71) of accrued excess deaths could have been averted. Slower rollouts would have still averted 62% (95% CrI 58-68), 54% (95% CrI 49-61) or 26% (95% CrI 20-38) of excess deaths if matching the average vaccination capacity of upper-middle-, lower-middle- or LICs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Robust quantitative analyses of pandemic data are of pressing need to inform future global pandemic preparedness commitments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo N Perez-Guzman
- Imperial College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, London, UK.
| | | | - Albertus Schaap
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, UK
| | | | - Marc Baguelin
- Imperial College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, London, UK; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London, UK
| | | | | | - Patrick Walker
- Imperial College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Helen Ayles
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, UK
| | - Roma Chilengi
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Robert Verity
- Imperial College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Katharina Hauck
- Imperial College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Edward S Knock
- Imperial College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Anne Cori
- Imperial College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, London, UK
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Wang S, Chen Z, Zhang X, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Huang L, Cui X, Cai Y, Huang X, Xia J, Gu S, Li M, Zhan Q. Impact of corticosteroid doses on prognosis of severe and critical COVID-19 patients with Omicron variant infection: a propensity score matching study. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:3347-3356. [PMID: 39120772 PMCID: PMC11416397 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is lack of research on corticosteroid use for severe and critical COVID-19 patients with Omicron variant infection. METHODS This multi-center retrospective cohort study involved 1167 patients from 59 ICUs across the mainland of China diagnosed with severe or critical SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection between November 1, 2022, and February 11, 2023. Patients were segregated into two groups based on their corticosteroid treatment-usual dose (equivalent prednisone dose 30-50 mg/day) and higher dose (equivalent prednisone dose > 50 mg/day). The primary outcome was 28-day ICU mortality. Propensity score matching was used to compare outcomes between cohorts. RESULTS After propensity score matching, 520 patients in the usual dose corticosteroid group and 260 patients in the higher dose corticosteroid group were included in the analysis, respectively. The mortality was significantly higher in the higher dose corticosteroid group (67.3%, 175/260) compared to the usual dose group (56.0%, 291/520). Logistic regression showed that higher doses of corticosteroids were significantly associated with increased mortality at 28-day (OR = 1.62,95% CI 1.19-2.21, p = 0.002) and mortality in ICU stay (OR = 1.66,95% CI 1.21-2.28, p = 0.002). Different types of corticosteroids did not affect the effect. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that higher-dose corticosteroids may lead to a poorer prognosis for severe and critical COVID-19 patients with Omicron variant infection in the ICU. Further research is needed to determine the appropriate corticosteroid dosage for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Wang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ziying Chen
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical research and Data management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuqiong Wang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Linna Huang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyang Cui
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ying Cai
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xu Huang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingen Xia
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Sichao Gu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Min Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhan
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Zhao Y, Yao Z, Xu S, Yao L, Yu Z. Glucocorticoid therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: Current concepts. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2024; 4:417-432. [PMID: 39310055 PMCID: PMC11411438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a fatal critical disease, is induced by various insults. ARDS represents a major global public health burden, and the management of ARDS continues to challenge healthcare systems globally, especially during the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There remains no confirmed specific pharmacotherapy for ARDS, despite advances in understanding its pathophysiology. Debate continues about the potential role of glucocorticoids (GCs) as a promising ARDS clinical therapy. Questions regarding GC agent, dose, and duration in patients with ARDS need to be answered, because of substantial variations in GC administration regimens across studies. ARDS heterogeneity likely affects the therapeutic actions of exogenous GCs. This review includes progress in determining the GC mechanisms of action and clinical applications in ARDS, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanrui Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhun Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ruggeri A, Corrado F, Voza A, Wei LJ, Catalano G, Liberatore C, Nitti R, Fedeli C, Bruno A, Calabretta E, Giglio F, Sciutti F, Lunghi F, Landoni G, Aghemo A, Iacobelli M, Querini PR, Richardson PG, Assanelli A, Peccatori J, Ciceri F, Carlo-Stella C. Use of defibrotide in COVID-19 pneumonia: comparison of a phase II study and a matched real-world cohort control. Haematologica 2024; 109:3261-3268. [PMID: 38779740 PMCID: PMC11443376 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2024.285345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to an unprecedented burden on healthcare systems around the world and a severe global socioeconomic crisis, with more than 750 million confirmed cases and at least 7 million deaths reported by December 31, 2023. The DEFI-VID19 study (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: NCT04335201), a phase II, single-arm, multicenter, open-label trial was designed in mid-2020 to assess the safety and efficacy of defibrotide in treating patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Defibrotide was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg intravenously, divided into four daily doses over a planned 14-day period for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia receiving non-invasive ventilation. The primary endpoint was respiratory failure-free survival (RFFS). Overall survival (OS), the number of post-recovery days, and adverse events were the secondary endpoints. For comparison, a contemporaneous control cohort receiving standard of care only was retrospectively selected by applying the eligibility criteria of the DEFI-VID19 trial. To adjust for the imbalance between the two cohorts in terms of baseline variable distributions, an outcome regression analysis was conducted. In adjusted analysis, patients receiving defibrotide reported a trend towards higher RFFS (hazard ratio [HR]=0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-1.29; P=0.138) and OS (HR=0.78; 95% CI: 0.33-1.53; P=0.248]) and showed a significantly increased number of post-recovery days (difference in means =3.61; 95% CI: 0.97-6.26; P=0.0037). Despite concomitant thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin, the safety profile of defibrotide proved to be favorable. Taken together, our findings suggest that defibrotide may represent a valuable addition to the COVID-19 therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Ruggeri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Francesco Corrado
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan; Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan
| | - Antonio Voza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan; Emergency Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan
| | - Lee-Jen Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gloria Catalano
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Carmine Liberatore
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Rosamaria Nitti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Carlo Fedeli
- Emergency Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan
| | - Alessandro Bruno
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Eleonora Calabretta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan; Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan
| | - Fabio Giglio
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | | | - Francesca Lunghi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department. IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan
| | - Alessio Aghemo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan; Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan
| | | | - Patrizia Rovere Querini
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Assanelli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Jacopo Peccatori
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan
| | - Carmelo Carlo-Stella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan; Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan.
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Seethamraju H, Yang OO, Loftus R, Ogbuagu O, Sammartino D, Mansour A, Sacha JB, Ojha S, Hansen SG, Arman AC, Lalezari JP. A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Leronlimab in Mild-To-Moderate COVID-19. Clin Ther 2024:S0149-2918(24)00260-1. [PMID: 39353749 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early in the course of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic it was hypothesised that host genetics played a role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 including a suggestion that the CCR5-Δ32 mutation may be protective in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Leronlimab is an investigational CCR5-specific humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody currently in development for HIV-1 infection. We aimed to explore the impact of leronlimab on the severity of disease symptoms among participants with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. METHODS The TEMPEST trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in participants with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Participants were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous leronlimab (700 mg) or placebo on days 0 and 7. The primary efficacy endpoint was assessed by change in total symptom score based on fever, myalgia, dyspnea, and cough, at end of treatment (day 14). FINDINGS Overall, 84 participants were randomized and treated with leronlimab (n = 56) or placebo (n = 28). No difference was observed in change in total symptom score (P = 0.8184) or other pre-specified secondary endpoints between treatments. However, in a post hoc analysis, 50.0% of participants treated with leronlimab demonstrated improvements from baseline in National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) at day 14, compared with 20·8% of participants in the placebo group (post hoc; p = 0.0223). Among participants in this trial with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 adverse events rates were numerically but not statistically significantly lower in leronlimab participants (33.9%) compared with placebo participants (50.0%). IMPLICATIONS At the time the TEMPEST trial was designed although CCR5 was known to be implicated in COVID-19 disease severity the exact pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection was poorly understood. Today it is well accepted that SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic-to-mild cases is primarily characterized by viral replication, with a heightened immune response, accompanied by diminished viral replication in moderate-to-severe disease and a peak in inflammatory responses with excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in critical disease. It is therefore perhaps not surprising that no differences between treatments were observed in the primary endpoint or in pre-specified secondary endpoints among participants with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. However, the results of the exploratory post hoc analysis showing that participants in the leronlimab group had greater improvement in NEWS2 assessment compared to placebo provided a suggestion that leronlimab may be associated with a lower likelihood of people with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 progressing to more severe disease and needs to be confirmed in other appropriately designed clinical trials. CLINICALTRIALS gov number, NCT04343651 https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT04343651.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otto O Yang
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonah B Sacha
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sohita Ojha
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Chen TY, Chen KC, Zhang YH, Lin CA, Hsu WY, Lin NY, Lai PS. Development of a dexamethasone-hyaluronic acid conjugate with selective targeting effect for acute lung injury therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136149. [PMID: 39353517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), a critical complication of COVID-19, is characterized by widespread inflammation and severe pulmonary damage, necessitating intensive care for those affected. Although glucocorticoids (GCs), such as dexamethasone (Dex), have been employed clinically to lower mortality, their nonspecific systemic distribution has led to significant side effects, limiting their use in ALI treatment. In this study, we explored the conjugation of Dex to hyaluronic acid (HA) to achieve targeted delivery to inflamed lung tissues. We achieved a conjugation efficiency exceeding 98 % using a cosolvent system, with subsequent ester bond cleavage releasing the active Dex, as verified by liquid chromatography. Biodistribution and cellular uptake studies indicated the potential of the HA conjugate for cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44)-mediated targeting and accumulation. In a lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI mouse model, intravenous (IV) HA-Dex administration showed superior anti-inflammatory effects compared to free Dex administration. Flow cytometry analysis suggested that the HA conjugate preferentially accumulated in lung macrophages, suggesting the possibility of reducing clinical Dex dosages through this targeted delivery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Basic Research Division, Holy Stone Healthcare Co., Ltd., 114 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Cheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-An Lin
- Ph.D. Program of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yun Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Bülow Anderberg S, Huckriede J, Hultström M, Larsson A, de Vries F, Lipcsey M, Nicolaes GAF, Frithiof R. Association of corticosteroid therapy with reduced acute kidney injury and lower NET markers in severe COVID-19: an observational study. Intensive Care Med Exp 2024; 12:85. [PMID: 39340756 PMCID: PMC11438749 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-024-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated with worse outcome. Dysregulated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is one of several suggested pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of COVID-19 associated AKI. The corticosteroid dexamethasone was implemented as a standard treatment for severe COVID-19 as of June 2020. A sub-analysis of a prospective observational single center study was performed to evaluate the effect of corticosteroid treatment on AKI development and NET markers in critical cases of COVID-19. RESULTS Two hundred and ten adult patients admitted to intensive care at a tertiary level hospital due to respiratory failure or shock secondary to SARS-CoV-2-infection between March 13th 2020 and January 14th 2021 were included in the study. Ninety-seven of those did not receive corticosteroids. One hundred and thirteen patients were treated with corticosteroids [dexamethasone (n = 98) or equivalent treatment (n = 15)], but the incidence of AKI was assessed only in patients that received corticosteroids before any registered renal dysfunction (n = 63). Corticosteroids were associated with a lower incidence of AKI (19% vs 55.8%, p < 0.001). Fewer patients demonstrated detectable concentrations of extracellular histones in plasma when treated with corticosteroids (8.7% vs 43.1%; p < 0.001). Extracellular histones and in particular non-proteolyzed histones were observed more frequently with increasing AKI severity (p < 0.001). MPO-DNA was found in lower concentrations in patients that received corticosteroids before established renal dysfunction (p = 0.03) and was found in higher concentrations in patients with AKI stage 3 (p = 0.03). Corticosteroids did not ameliorate established AKI during the first week of treatment. CONCLUSION Corticosteroid treatment in severe COVID-19 is associated with a lower incidence of AKI and reduced concentrations of NET markers in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bülow Anderberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Joram Huckriede
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Hultström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Femke de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Miklos Lipcsey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerry A F Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Centre for Paediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care Research, Uppsala, Sweden
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Reizine F, Massart N, Mansour A, Fedun Y, Machut A, Vacheron CH, Savey A, Friggeri A, Lepape A. Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and ICU-acquired candidemia in critically ill medical patients: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Crit Care 2024; 28:320. [PMID: 39334254 PMCID: PMC11429030 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-05104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While SARS-CoV2 infection has been shown to be a significant risk-factor for several secondary bacterial, viral and Aspergillus infections, its impact on intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired candidemia (ICAC) remains poorly explored. METHOD Using the REA-REZO network (French surveillance network of ICU-acquired infections), we included all adult patients hospitalized for a medical reason of admission in participating ICUs for at least 48 h from January 2020 to January 2023. To account for confounders, a non-parsimonious propensity score matching was performed. Rates of ICAC according to SARS-CoV2 status were compared in matched patients. Factors associated with ICAC in COVID-19 patients were also assessed using a Fine-Gray model. RESULTS A total of 55,268 patients hospitalized at least 48 h for a medical reason in 101 ICUs were included along the study period. Of those, 13,472 were tested positive for a SARS-CoV2 infection while 284 patients developed an ICAC. ICAC rate was higher in COVID-19 patients in both the overall population and the matched patients' cohort (0.8% (107/13,472) versus 0.4% (173/41,796); p < 0.001 and 0.8% (93/12,241) versus 0.5% (57/12,241); p = 0.004, respectively). ICAC incidence rate was also higher in those patients (incidence rate 0.51 per 1000 patients-days in COVID-19 patients versus 0.32 per 1000 patients-days; incidence rate ratio: 1.58 [95% CI:1.08-2.35]; p = 0.018). Finally, patients with ICAC had a higher ICU mortality rate (49.6% versus 20.2%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this large multicenter cohort of ICU patients, although remaining low, the rate of ICAC was higher among COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reizine
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier de Vannes, 56000, Vannes, France.
| | - Nicolas Massart
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier de Saint Brieuc, Saint-Brieuc, France
| | - Alexandre Mansour
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Yannick Fedun
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier de Vannes, 56000, Vannes, France
| | - Anaïs Machut
- REA-REZO Infections Et Antibiorésistance en Réanimation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - Charles-Hervé Vacheron
- REA-REZO Infections Et Antibiorésistance en Réanimation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
- Département d'Anesthésie Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
- PHE3ID, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale U1111, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Savey
- REA-REZO Infections Et Antibiorésistance en Réanimation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
- PHE3ID, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale U1111, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Friggeri
- REA-REZO Infections Et Antibiorésistance en Réanimation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
- Département d'Anesthésie Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
- PHE3ID, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale U1111, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Lepape
- REA-REZO Infections Et Antibiorésistance en Réanimation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
- Département d'Anesthésie Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
- PHE3ID, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale U1111, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Tran KC, Asfar P, Cheng M, Demiselle J, Singer J, Lee T, Sweet D, Boyd J, Walley K, Haljan G, Sharif O, Geri G, Auchabie J, Quenot JP, Lee TC, Tsang J, Meziani F, Lamontagne F, Dubee V, Lasocki S, Ovakim D, Wood G, Turgeon A, Cohen Y, Lebas E, Goudelin M, Forrest D, Teale A, Mira JP, Fowler R, Daneman N, Adhikari NKJ, Gousseff M, Leroy P, Plantefeve G, Rispal P, Courtois R, Winston B, Reynolds S, Birks P, Bienvenu B, Tadie JM, Talarmin JP, Ansart S, Russell JA. Effects of Losartan on Patients Hospitalized for Acute COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 79:615-625. [PMID: 39325643 PMCID: PMC11426262 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) down-regulates angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, potentially increasing angiotensin II. We hypothesized that losartan compared to usual care decreases mortality and is safe in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to evaluate the effect of losartan versus usual care on 28-day mortality in patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19. METHODS Eligibility criteria included adults admitted for acute COVID-19. Exclusion criteria were hypotension, hyperkalemia, acute kidney injury, and use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors within 7 days. Participants were randomized to losartan 25-100 mg/day orally for the hospital duration or 3 months or the control arm (usual care) in 29 hospitals in Canada and France. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospital mortality, organ support, and serious adverse events (SAEs). RESULTS The trial was stopped early because of a serious safety concern with losartan. In 341 patients, any SAE and hypotension were significantly higher in the losartan versus usual care groups (any SAE: 39.8% vs 27.2%, respectively, P = .01; hypotension: 30.4% vs 15.3%, respectively, P < .001) in both ward and intensive care patients. The 28-day mortality did not differ between losartan (6.5%) versus usual care (5.9%) (odds ratio, 1.11 [95% confidence interval, .47-2.64]; P = .81), nor did organ dysfunction or secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Caution is needed in deciding which patients to start or continue using ARBs in patients hospitalized with pneumonia to mitigate risk of hypotension, acute kidney injury, and other side effects. ARBs should not be added to care of patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT04606563.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Tran
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pierre Asfar
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Matthew Cheng
- McGill's Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Demiselle
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joel Singer
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Science, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Terry Lee
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Science, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Sweet
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John Boyd
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Keith Walley
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Greg Haljan
- Department of Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Surrey Memorial Hospital, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Omar Sharif
- Department of Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Surrey Memorial Hospital, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guillaume Geri
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Ambroise Paré, Boulogne, France
| | - Johann Auchabie
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier de Cholet
| | - Jean-Pierre Quenot
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Todd C Lee
- McGill's Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Tsang
- Niagara Health, McMaster University, St Catherines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ferhat Meziani
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Nouvel Hôpital Civil Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Francois Lamontagne
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Dubee
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sigismond Lasocki
- Service de Réanimation Chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Angers, Angers, France
| | - Daniel Ovakim
- Royal Jubilee Hospital, Island Health, Victoria, British Columbia
| | - Gordon Wood
- Royal Jubilee Hospital, Island Health, Victoria, British Columbia
| | - Alexis Turgeon
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Cohen
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Eddy Lebas
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne-Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - Marine Goudelin
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - David Forrest
- Department of Medicine, Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alastair Teale
- Department of Medicine, Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Mira
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin, France
| | - Robert Fowler
- Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Daneman
- Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neill K J Adhikari
- Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie Gousseff
- Service de Médecine Interne-Maladies Infectieuses-Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne-Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - Pierre Leroy
- Service de médecine polyvalente et maladies infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Melun, Melun, France
| | - Gaetan Plantefeve
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Argenteuil, France
| | - Patrick Rispal
- Department of Medicine, Service de médecine interne, Centre Hospitalier Agen, Agen, France
| | - Roxane Courtois
- Service de Médecine post-urgences-Maladies infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier de Cholet, Cholet, France
| | - Brent Winston
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steve Reynolds
- Critical Care Medicine, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Birks
- Critical Care Medicine, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Boris Bienvenu
- Service de médecine interne, Hôpital St Joseph, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Tadie
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation et de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Talarmin
- Service de médecine interne, maladies du sang et infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de Quimper, Quimper, France
| | - Severine Ansart
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Brest, Brest, France
| | - James A Russell
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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Miller AG, Curley MA, Destrampe C, Flori H, Khemani R, Ohmer A, Thomas NJ, Yehya N, Ward S, West L, Zimmerman KO, Venkatachalam S, Sutton S, Hornik CP. A Master Protocol Template for Pediatric ARDS Studies. Respir Care 2024; 69:1284-1293. [PMID: 38688543 PMCID: PMC11469006 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.11839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric ARDS is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. High-quality data from clinical trials in children are limited due to numerous barriers to their design and execution. Here we describe the collaborative development of a master protocol as a tool to address some of these barriers and support the conduct of pediatric ARDS studies. METHODS Using PubMed, we performed a literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in pediatric ARDS to characterize the current state and evaluate potential benefit of harmonized master protocols. We used a multi-stakeholder, collaborative, and team science-oriented process to develop a master protocol template with links to common data elements (CDEs) for pediatric ARDS trials. RESULTS We identified 11 RCTs that enrolled between 14-200 total subjects per trial. Interventions included mechanical ventilation, prone positioning, corticosteroids, and surfactant. Studies displayed significant heterogeneity in ARDS definition, design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reported outcomes. Mortality was reported in 91% of trials and ventilator-free days in 73%. The trial heterogeneity made pooled analysis unfeasible. These findings underscore the need for a method to facilitate combined analysis of future trials through standardization of trial elements. As a potential solution, we developed a master protocol, iteratively revised with input from a multidisciplinary panel of experts and organized into 3 categories: instructions and general information, templated language, and a series of text options of common pediatric ARDS trial scenarios. Finally, we linked master protocol sections to relevant CDEs previously defined for pediatric ARDS and captured in a series of electronic case report forms. CONCLUSIONS The majority of pediatric ARDS trials identified were small and heterogeneous in study design and outcome reporting. Using a master protocol template for pediatric ARDS trials with CDEs would support combining and comparing pediatric ARDS trial findings and increase the knowledge base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Miller
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and Respiratory Care Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Martha Aq Curley
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Heidi Flori
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, University of Michigan School Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robinder Khemani
- Clinical Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy Ohmer
- International Children's Advisory Network
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network
| | - Nadir Yehya
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shan Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Kanecia O Zimmerman
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Sonya Sutton
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christoph P Hornik
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
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Mineshita M, Nishine H, Handa H, Inoue T, Ishibashi Y, Kawahata K, Kunishima H, Tsuchida T, Takemura H, Minoura A, Takita M, Fujitani S. 90-Day outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00270-8. [PMID: 39341596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few reports detailing the prognostic factors of severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring invasive ventilation. We investigated the long-term prognosis and evaluated which factors influenced outcomes in these patients. METHODS Data was reviewed from severe adult COVID-19 cases admitted to our hospital and treated with mechanical ventilation between February 1, 2020, and October 30, 2021. On admission to our hospital, comorbidities and laboratory findings were collected from clinical records. Prognostic information for 90 days after diagnosis was also obtained from hospitals where patients were transferred after their conditions stabilized. RESULTS Prognostic information was obtained in 133 patients, of which 106 were males (79.7 %). Of the 133 patients, 67 were discharged (51.5 %), 21 continued inpatient care (15.8 %), and 45 died (33.8 %). Age, Charlson Risk Index, and the number of patients on hemodialysis were significantly higher in the deceased group. There were no differences in therapeutic interventions between survivors and those who died except for a higher rate of muscle relaxant and vasopressor usage in the deceased group. Laboratory findings on admission showed significantly higher levels of BUN, creatinine, and serum Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL-6), and significantly lower platelet counts, hemoglobin, and alanine aminotransferase in those who died. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, hemodialysis, lower platelet counts, and higher KL-6 were independent predictors for 90-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS Older age, hemodialysis, lower platelet counts and high KL-6 on admission were identified as independent predictors of 90-day mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to severe COVID-19 under invasive mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Mineshita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Nishine
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Takeo Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishibashi
- Department of Cardiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kimito Kawahata
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kunishima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tsuchida
- Department of General Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takemura
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Ayu Minoura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine. 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Mumon Takita
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine. 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Shigeki Fujitani
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine. 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki- City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
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Ben Abdallah H, Marino G, Idorn M, S Reinert L, Bregnhøj A, Paludan SR, Johansen C. The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor RGRN-305 attenuates SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced inflammation in vitro but lacks effectiveness as COVID-19 treatment in mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310915. [PMID: 39325762 PMCID: PMC11426470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a molecular chaperone, has been proposed to be a potential novel treatment strategy for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In contrast to other studies, our data demonstrated that RGRN-305, a HSP90 inhibitor, exacerbated the cytopathic effect and did not reduce the viral shedding in VeroE6-hTMPRSS2 cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Likewise in a murine model of SARS-CoV-2, transgenic mice treated orally with RGRN-305 exhibited reduced survival by the end of the experiment (day 12) as 14% (1/7) survived compared to 63% (5/8) of those treated with drug-vehicle. Animal weight was not reduced by the RGRN-305 treatment. Interestingly, we demonstrated that inhibition of HSP90 by RGRN-305 significantly dampened the inflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in human macrophage-like cells (U937) and human lung epithelial cells (A549). Measured by quantitative real-time PCR, the mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL1B and IL6 were significantly reduced. Together, these data suggest that HSP90 inhibition by RGRN-305 exacerbates the SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and reduces the survival of mice infected with SARS-CoV-2, but exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties. This data shows that while RGRN-305 may be helpful in a 'cytokine storm', it has no beneficial impact on viral replication or survival in animals as a monotherapy. Further animal studies with HSP90 inhibitors in combination with an anti-viral drug may provide additional insights into its utility in viral infections and whether HSP90 inhibition may continue to be a potential treatment strategy for COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Ben Abdallah
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Giorgia Marino
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manja Idorn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Line S Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anne Bregnhøj
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Sethi I, Shaikh A, Sethi M, Chohan HK, Younus S, Khan SA, Surani S. Dosage and utilization of dexamethasone in the management of COVID-19: A critical review. World J Virol 2024; 13:95709. [PMID: 39323444 PMCID: PMC11401006 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.95709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe respiratory manifestations observed in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases are often associated with an excessive inflammatory response. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes and suppressing the activity of various immune cells. This mechanism has implications for mitigating the cytokine storm observed in severe COVID-19 cases. Early on in the pandemic, the Recovery Collaborative working group showed a mortality benefit of using dexamethasone in decreasing mortality in patients with COVID-19 requiring respiratory support. However, the optimal dosage of corticosteroids remains debatable. Several studies that compare different doses of dexamethasone in COVID-19 exist, but the results are conflicting. AIM To review the latest evidence regarding dosage, safety, and efficacy of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19. METHODS We followed preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. A detailed literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline to include publications up to March 2024. Our keywords included "COVID-19" "SARS-CoV-2" "dexamethasone" "corticosteroid" "steroid" and "glucocorticoid"-along with their combinations. We employed the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to evaluate the integrity and potential of bias in the included studies. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, assessing pooled odds ratios and mean differences, with heterogeneity gauged by the I 2 statistic and the χ 2 tests. RESULTS No statistical differences were found in 28-day all-cause mortality [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.109, 95%CI: 0.918-1.340], 60-day all-cause mortality (OR = 0.873, 95%CI: 0.744-1.024; I 2 = 47.29%), mean length of hospital stay (mean difference = -0.08 days, 95%CI: -0.001 to 0.161) and adverse events (OR = 0.877, 95%CI: 0.707-1.087). CONCLUSION Differing doses of corticosteroids have no clinical implications on mortality, mean length of hospital stay, and adverse events in COVID-19 patients. Additional research is required in patients requiring invasive or non-invasive ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Sethi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Marion General Hospital, Marion, IN 46952, United States
| | - Asim Shaikh
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Musa Sethi
- Department of Medicine, Eman School, Fishers, IN 46038, United States
| | - Hira Khalid Chohan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Science, Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Younus
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Franciscan Health, Indianapolis, IN 46237, United States
| | - Syed A Khan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, United States
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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Xu ZX, Yang Y, Xin SP, Shou XL. Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with diverse manifestations of COVID-19 in patients aged 85 years and older. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1407146. [PMID: 39386943 PMCID: PMC11461220 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1407146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this study is to assess the clinical attributes exhibited by patients aged 85 years and older who present different manifestations of COVID-19, and to examine the factors influencing the classification of the disease severity. Method This retrospective study was conducted at a single center, encompassing an analysis of clinical data obtained from patients with COVID-19 admitted to a general geriatric hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, during the period from December 20, 2022, to February 1, 2023. The study focused on 91 eligible patients whose disease severity was compared based on the imaging findings. Results A total of 91 patients aged 85 years and older, with a median age of 92, including 46 males, 10 exhibiting mild symptoms, 48 moderate cases, and 33 severe cases met the inclusion criteria. Notably, disease severity displayed a significant correlation with age (p < 0.011). All patients presented with complicated chronic underlying conditions and a history of prolonged medication use. Rheumatic immune diseases (p = 0.040) and endocrine medications, primarily hypoglycemic agents (p = 0.034), exhibited statistical significance. Additionally, markers such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.030), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (p = 0.014), and D-dimer (p = 0.007) revealed significant associations with disease severity. Chest computed tomography scans predominantly revealed inflammatory features (n = 81, 89.0%). Notably, patients classified as having mild or moderate conditions exhibited eventual improvement, while 13 patients (39.4%) among the severe cases succumbed to the disease. Conclusion The classification of disease among patients aged 85 years or older old is correlated with advanced age, concurrent rheumatic immune diseases, and prolonged administration of endocrine medications. Furthermore, patients with elevated levels of LDH, IL-6, and D-dimer demonstrated a higher propensity for developing severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiao-ling Shou
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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