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Liao J, Zhang L, Chen G, Luo Y. Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240972. [PMID: 38859879 PMCID: PMC11163160 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common respiratory disease in children. This prospective cohort study of 110 children with CAP and 100 healthy children investigated the relationship between the levels of vitamin A, D and E and inflammatory markers, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF-a), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), neutrophils (NE) and C-reactive protein (CRP), in CAP. The haemoglobin, leukocyte concentration, NE, monocytes and CRP concentration in the CAP group showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The levels of vitamin A, D and E in the CAP group were lower than those in the control group, while the levels of TNF-a and IL-1 were higher than in the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The IL-10 levels showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Pearson analysis revealed that the vitamin A, D and E levels were all correlated with the TNF-a, IL-10 and CRP levels (P < 0.05). The vitamin A, D and E levels of the CAP children were lower than those of the healthy children. Thus, the content of fat-soluble vitamins is correlated with the secretion of TNF-a and IL-10. The research provides a new direction for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyuan Liao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gangxin Chen
- Assisted Reproduction Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Yuxing Luo
- Emergency Department Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fu Zhou, China
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2
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Oo K, Ahmed S, Snell L, Tahir SH, Tahir H. An update in the pharmacological management of axial spondyloarthritis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:957-971. [PMID: 38822678 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2363489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and management of axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) over recent decades. A greater understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the disease has paved the way for the development of targeted treatments. Their efficacy has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses and one head-to-head study of biologic DMARDs. Treatment decisions in AxSpA are currently influenced by patient choice, co-morbidity, clinician familiarity and cost. AREAS COVERED We review the clinical trials that underpin the evidence base for treatments in AxSpA. We also cover the meta-analyses and head-to-head data that seek to support clinicians in personalizing treatment decisions. Further, we discuss the recent international guidelines that provide clinicians with treatment pathways and guidance. EXPERT OPINION We conclude that treatment decisions in managing both radiographic and non-radiographic AxSpA should be based on shared decision-making with patients, the clinical effectiveness of drug class, co-morbidity and cost. At present, we have limited head-to-head data to prioritize one drug class over another for first-line treatment but can recommend tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 17 (IL17) and JAK inhibition as being comparable in terms of clinical, structural and patient-reported outcome measures. Further real-world data may guide treatment decision-making in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw Oo
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Norfolk, UK
| | - Saad Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Hasan Tahir
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Free London NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Universtiy of College London, London, UK
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3
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Liang X, Zhang M. Stemness related lncRNAs signature for the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment of ccRCC patients. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:150. [PMID: 38822402 PMCID: PMC11141027 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are crucial for the growth, migration, recurrence, and medication resistance of tumors. However, the impact of lncRNAs related to stemness on the outcome and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to predict the outcome and TIME of ccRCC by constructing a stem related lncRNAs (SRlncRNAs) signature. We firstly downloaded ccRCC patients' clinical data and RNA sequencing data from UCSC and TCGA databases, and abtained the differentially expressed lncRNAs highly correlated with stem index in ccRCC through gene expression differential analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Then, we selected suitable SRlncRNAs for constructing a prognostic signature of ccRCC patients by LASSO Cox regression. Further, we used nomogram and Kaplan Meier curves to evaluate the SRlncRNA signature for the prognose in ccRCC. At last, we used ssGSEA and GSVA to evaluate the correlation between the SRlncRNAs signature and TIME in ccRCC. Finally, We obtained a signtaure based on six SRlncRNAs, which are correlated with TIME and can effectively predict the ccRCC patients' prognosis. The SRlncRNAs signature may be a noval prognostic indicator in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuemei Liang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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4
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Liongue C, Ratnayake T, Basheer F, Ward AC. Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3): A Critical Conserved Node in Immunity Disrupted in Immune Cell Cancer and Immunodeficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2977. [PMID: 38474223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) family is a small group of protein tyrosine kinases that represent a central component of intracellular signaling downstream from a myriad of cytokine receptors. The JAK3 family member performs a particularly important role in facilitating signal transduction for a key set of cytokine receptors that are essential for immune cell development and function. Mutations that impact JAK3 activity have been identified in a number of human diseases, including somatic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations associated with immune cell malignancies and germline loss-of-function (LOF) mutations associated with immunodeficiency. The structure, function and impacts of both GOF and LOF mutations of JAK3 are highly conserved, making animal models highly informative. This review details the biology of JAK3 and the impact of its perturbation in immune cell-related diseases, including relevant animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | | | - Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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5
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Nelson ZM, Leonard GD, Fehl C. Tools for investigating O-GlcNAc in signaling and other fundamental biological pathways. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105615. [PMID: 38159850 PMCID: PMC10831167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells continuously fine-tune signaling pathway proteins to match nutrient and stress levels in their local environment by modifying intracellular proteins with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) sugars, an essential process for cell survival and growth. The small size of these monosaccharide modifications poses a challenge for functional determination, but the chemistry and biology communities have together created a collection of precision tools to study these dynamic sugars. This review presents the major themes by which O-GlcNAc influences signaling pathway proteins, including G-protein coupled receptors, growth factor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, lipid sensing, and cytokine signaling pathways. Along the way, we describe in detail key chemical biology tools that have been developed and applied to determine specific O-GlcNAc roles in these pathways. These tools include metabolic labeling, O-GlcNAc-enhancing RNA aptamers, fluorescent biosensors, proximity labeling tools, nanobody targeting tools, O-GlcNAc cycling inhibitors, light-activated systems, chemoenzymatic labeling, and nutrient reporter assays. An emergent feature of this signaling pathway meta-analysis is the intricate interplay between O-GlcNAc modifications across different signaling systems, underscoring the importance of O-GlcNAc in regulating cellular processes. We highlight the significance of O-GlcNAc in signaling and the role of chemical and biochemical tools in unraveling distinct glycobiological regulatory mechanisms. Collectively, our field has determined effective strategies to probe O-GlcNAc roles in biology. At the same time, this survey of what we do not yet know presents a clear roadmap for the field to use these powerful chemical tools to explore cross-pathway O-GlcNAc interactions in signaling and other major biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Garry D Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Charlie Fehl
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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Agger AE, Reseland JE, Hjelkrem E, Lian AM, Hals EKB, Zandi H, Sunde PT. Are comorbidities associated with the cytokine/chemokine profile of persistent apical periodontitis? Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5203-5215. [PMID: 37434075 PMCID: PMC10492720 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify disease-related markers in persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) biopsies and examine whether these were associated with comorbidities like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). MATERIALS AND METHOD The levels of the cytokines/chemokines GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-21, IL-23, IL-27, IL-28A/IFN -λ2, IL-33, MIP-3α/CCL20, and TNF-α were determined in lesions from patients with PAP (n = 20) and compared to healthy bone samples (n = 20). RESULTS We identified eleven cytokines to be differently expressed, and among them, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17E, IL-21, and IL-27 appeared to drive the discrepancy between the disease and healthy groups. The levels of T follicular helper (Tfh) cell promoting cytokines (IL-21, IL-6, IL-27) were enhanced while T helper (Th) 1 cell promoting cytokine (IL-2), Th2 cell promoting cytokine (IL-13), and Th17 cell promoting cytokine (IL-17E) were reduced in the PAP group. The data also indicate that Tfh cell differentiation (IL-21), along with Th1 (GM-CSF, IFNγ), Th2 (IL-13), and Th17 (GM-CSF) cell differentiation, might be increased in the subpopulation of patients suffering from RA, whereas no differences were found in patients with CVD. CONCLUSIONS Levels of cytokines/chemokines in PAP were identified, and cluster analyzes indicated that these markers may be associated with the differentiation of different T cell populations. Patients with PAP and RA comorbidities showed elevated levels of markers reinforcing this association. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Molecular analyses of PAP may result in identification of prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Eriksson Agger
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Hjelkrem
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina-Mari Lian
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else K Breivik Hals
- TAKO-Centre, National Resource Centre for Oral Health in Rare Medical Conditions, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Homan Zandi
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pia Titterud Sunde
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1109 Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Muhammad S, Fan T, Hai Y, Gao Y, He J. Reigniting hope in cancer treatment: the promise and pitfalls of IL-2 and IL-2R targeting strategies. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:121. [PMID: 37516849 PMCID: PMC10385932 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor (IL-2R) are essential in orchestrating immune responses. Their function and expression in the tumor microenvironment make them attractive targets for immunotherapy, leading to the development of IL-2/IL-2R-targeted therapeutic strategies. However, the dynamic interplay between IL-2/IL-2R and various immune cells and their dual roles in promoting immune activation and tolerance presents a complex landscape for clinical exploitation. This review discusses the pivotal roles of IL-2 and IL-2R in tumorigenesis, shedding light on their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers and their therapeutic manipulation in cancer. It underlines the necessity to balance the anti-tumor activity with regulatory T-cell expansion and evaluates strategies such as dose optimization and selective targeting for enhanced therapeutic effectiveness. The article explores recent advancements in the field, including developing genetically engineered IL-2 variants, combining IL-2/IL-2R-targeted therapies with other cancer treatments, and the potential benefits of a multidimensional approach integrating molecular profiling, immunological analyses, and clinical data. The review concludes that a deeper understanding of IL-2/IL-2R interactions within the tumor microenvironment is crucial for realizing the full potential of IL-2-based therapies, heralding the promise of improved outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Muhammad
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yang Hai
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Central Laboratory & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Precision Medicine for Cancers, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Central Laboratory & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Precision Medicine for Cancers, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
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8
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Yang J, Li Y, Bhalla A, Maienschein-Cline M, Fukuchi KI. A novel co-culture model for investigation of the effects of LPS-induced macrophage-derived cytokines on brain endothelial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288497. [PMID: 37440496 PMCID: PMC10343049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study effects of macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators associated with systemic inflammation on brain endothelial cells, we have established a co-culture system consisting of bEnd.3 cells and LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells and performed its cytokine profiling. The cytokine profile of the co-culture model was compared to that of mice treated with intraperitoneal LPS injection. We found that, among cytokines profiled, eight cytokines/chemokines were similarly upregulated in both in vivo mouse and in vitro co-culture model. In contrast to the co-culture model, the cytokine profile of a common mono-culture system consisting of only LPS-activated bEnd.3 cells had little similarity to that of the in vivo mouse model. These results indicate that the co-culture of bEnd.3 cells with LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells is a better model than the common mono-culture of LPS-activated bEnd.3 cells to investigate the molecular mechanism in endothelial cells, by which systemic inflammation induces neuroinflammation. Moreover, fibrinogen adherence both to bEnd.3 cells in the co-culture and to brain blood vessels in a LPS-treated animal model of Alzheimer's disease increased. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to utilize bEnd.3 cells co-cultured with LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells as an in vitro model to investigate the consequence of macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators on brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United states of America
| | - Yinchuan Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ambuj Bhalla
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United states of America
| | - Mark Maienschein-Cline
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ken-ichiro Fukuchi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United states of America
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Leonard EK, Tomala J, Gould JR, Leff MI, Lin JX, Li P, Porter MJ, Johansen ER, Thompson L, Cao SD, Henclova T, Huliciak M, Vaněk O, Kovar M, Leonard WJ, Spangler JB. Engineered cytokine/antibody fusion proteins improve delivery of IL-2 to pro-inflammatory cells and promote antitumor activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.03.539272. [PMID: 37205604 PMCID: PMC10187205 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.539272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Progress in cytokine engineering is driving therapeutic translation by overcoming the inherent limitations of these proteins as drugs. The interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine harbors great promise as an immune stimulant for cancer treatment. However, the cytokine's concurrent activation of both pro-inflammatory immune effector cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells, its toxicity at high doses, and its short serum half-life have limited clinical application. One promising approach to improve the selectivity, safety, and longevity of IL-2 is complexation with anti-IL-2 antibodies that bias the cytokine towards the activation of immune effector cells (i.e., effector T cells and natural killer cells). Although this strategy shows therapeutic potential in preclinical cancer models, clinical translation of a cytokine/antibody complex is complicated by challenges in formulating a multi-protein drug and concerns about complex stability. Here, we introduce a versatile approach to designing intramolecularly assembled single-agent fusion proteins (immunocytokines, ICs) comprising IL-2 and a biasing anti-IL-2 antibody that directs the cytokine's activities towards immune effector cells. We establish the optimal IC construction and further engineer the cytokine/antibody affinity to improve immune biasing function. We demonstrate that our IC preferentially activates and expands immune effector cells, leading to superior antitumor activity compared to natural IL-2 without inducing toxicities associated with IL-2 administration. Collectively, this work presents a roadmap for the design and translation of immunomodulatory cytokine/antibody fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa K. Leonard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, USA
| | - Jakub Tomala
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph R. Gould
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, USA
| | - Michael I. Leff
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, USA
| | | | - Eric R. Johansen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, USA
| | - Ladaisha Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, USA
| | - Shanelle D. Cao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering; Baltimore, USA
| | - Tereza Henclova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Maros Huliciak
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kovar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Warren J. Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, USA
| | - Jamie B. Spangler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering; Baltimore, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, USA
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10
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Napolitano M, di Vico F, Ruggiero A, Fabbrocini G, Patruno C. The hidden sentinel of the skin: An overview on the role of interleukin-13 in atopic dermatitis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1165098. [PMID: 37144036 PMCID: PMC10151557 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1165098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that interleukin (IL)-13 is a crucial cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). It is a central driver of type-2 T-helper inflammation and is overexpressed in lesional skin of AD patients. Upon release in peripheral skin, IL-13 activates its receptors, recruits inflammatory cells, and modifies the skin microbiome. IL-13 also reduces the expression of epidermal barrier proteins and activates sensory nerve mediating the itch transmission signal. Novel therapeutics that target IL-13 seem to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe AD. The aim of our manuscript is to review the role that IL-13 plays in AD immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Napolitano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesca di Vico
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Angelo Ruggiero
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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11
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Milk Plane of Nutrition and Alfalfa Hay Provision in Neonatal Holstein Calves: Growth Performance, Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics, and Blood Biochemical Attributes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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12
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Daniels MA, Luera D, Teixeiro E. NFκB signaling in T cell memory. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129191. [PMID: 36911729 PMCID: PMC9998984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells play an essential role in protecting against infectious diseases and cancer and contribute to autoimmunity and transplant rejection. Understanding how they are generated and maintained in the context of infection or vaccination holds promise to improve current immune-based therapies. At the beginning of any immune response, naïve T cells are activated and differentiate into cells with effector function capabilities. In the context of infection, most of these cells die once the pathogenic antigen has been cleared. Only a few of them persist and differentiate into memory T cells. These memory T cells are essential to host immunity because they are long-lived and can perform effector functions immediately upon re-infection. How a cell becomes a memory T cell and continues being one for months and even years past the initial infection is still not fully understood. Recent reviews have thoroughly discussed the transcriptional, epigenomic, and metabolic mechanisms that govern T cell memory differentiation. Yet much less is known of how signaling pathways that are common circuitries of multiple environmental signals regulate T cell outcome and, precisely, T cell memory. The function of the NFκB signaling system is perhaps best understood in innate cells. Recent findings suggest that NFκB signaling plays an essential and unique role in generating and maintaining CD8 T cell memory. This review aims to summarize these findings and discuss the remaining questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Daniels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dezzarae Luera
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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13
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Signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 36797236 PMCID: PMC9935929 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable systemic autoimmune disease. Disease progression leads to joint deformity and associated loss of function, which significantly impacts the quality of life for sufferers and adds to losses in the labor force. In the past few decades, RA has attracted increased attention from researchers, the abnormal signaling pathways in RA are a very important research field in the diagnosis and treatment of RA, which provides important evidence for understanding this complex disease and developing novel RA-linked intervention targets. The current review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of RA, including a general introduction to the disease, historical events, epidemiology, risk factors, and pathological process, highlight the primary research progress of the disease and various signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms, including genetic factors, epigenetic factors, summarize the most recent developments in identifying novel signaling pathways in RA and new inhibitors for treating RA. therapeutic interventions including approved drugs, clinical drugs, pre-clinical drugs, and cutting-edge therapeutic technologies. These developments will hopefully drive progress in new strategically targeted therapies and hope to provide novel ideas for RA treatment options in the future.
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14
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Ito K, Matsuda Y, Mine A, Miyairi K, Kikuchi Y, Konishi A. Bacterially Secretable Single-Chain Tandem Macrocyclic Peptides for High Affinity and Inhibitory Activity. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200599. [PMID: 36409290 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is an effective approach for therapy. Owing to their large binding surface areas to target proteins, macrocyclic peptides are suitable molecules for PPI inhibition. In this study, we developed single-chain tandem macrocyclic peptides (STaMPtides) that inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2). They were artificially designed to comprise two different VEGFR2-binding macrocyclic peptides linked in tandem by peptide linkers and secreted by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Most potent VEGFR2-inhibitory STaMPtides with length-optimized linkers exhibited >1000 times stronger inhibitory activity than their parental monomeric peptides, possibly due to the avidity effect of heterodimerization. Our approach of using STaMPtides for PPI inhibition may be used to inhibit other extracellular factors, such as growth factors and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Ito
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsuda
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayako Mine
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyohei Miyairi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kikuchi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Konishi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Janus Kinase Inhibitors: A New Tool for the Treatment of Axial Spondyloarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021027. [PMID: 36674537 PMCID: PMC9866163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the spine, peripheral joints, and entheses. This condition causes stiffness, pain, and significant limitation of movement. In recent years, several effective therapies have become available based on the use of biologics that selectively block cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-23. However, a significant number of patients show an inadequate response to treatment. Over 10 years ago, small synthetic molecules capable of blocking the activity of Janus kinases (JAK) were introduced in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Subsequently, their indication extended to the treatment of other inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the efficacy and safety of these molecules in axSpA therapy.
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Calvo-Schimmel A, Kober KM, Paul SM, Cooper BA, Harris C, Shin J, Hammer MJ, Conley YP, Dokiparthi V, Olshen A, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Sleep disturbance is associated with perturbations in immune-inflammatory pathways in oncology outpatients undergoing chemotherapy. Sleep Med 2023; 101:305-315. [PMID: 36470166 PMCID: PMC11200329 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is a common problem in patients receiving chemotherapy. Purpose was to evaluate for perturbations in immune-inflammatory pathways between oncology patients with low versus very high levels of sleep disturbance. PATIENTS/METHODS Sleep disturbance was evaluated using the General Sleep Disturbance Scale six times over two cycles of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients with distinct sleep disturbance profiles. Pathway impact analyses were performed in two independent samples using gene expression data obtained from RNA sequencing (n = 198) and microarray (n = 162) technologies. Fisher's combined probability test was used to identify significantly perturbed pathways between Low versus Very High sleep disturbance classes. RESULTS In the RNA sequencing and microarray samples, 59.1% and 51.9% of patients were in the Very High sleep disturbance class, respectively. Thirteen perturbed pathways were related to immune-inflammatory mechanisms (i.e., endocytosis, phagosome, antigen processing and presentation, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, apoptosis, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling, Th17 cell differentiation, intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A production, T-cell receptor signaling, complement and coagulation cascades, and tumor necrosis factor signaling). CONCLUSIONS First study to identify perturbations in immune-inflammatory pathways associated with very high levels of sleep disturbance in oncology outpatients. Findings suggest that complex immune-inflammatory interactions underlie sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Calvo-Schimmel
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Kord M Kober
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Steven M Paul
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Bruce A Cooper
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Carolyn Harris
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Joosun Shin
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Yvette P Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Vasuda Dokiparthi
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Adam Olshen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Fan Z, Kernan KF, Sriram A, Benos PV, Canna SW, Carcillo JA, Kim S, Park HJ. Deep neural networks with knockoff features identify nonlinear causal relations and estimate effect sizes in complex biological systems. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad044. [PMID: 37395630 PMCID: PMC10316696 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Learning the causal structure helps identify risk factors, disease mechanisms, and candidate therapeutics for complex diseases. However, although complex biological systems are characterized by nonlinear associations, existing bioinformatic methods of causal inference cannot identify the nonlinear relationships and estimate their effect size. RESULTS To overcome these limitations, we developed the first computational method that explicitly learns nonlinear causal relations and estimates the effect size using a deep neural network approach coupled with the knockoff framework, named causal directed acyclic graphs using deep learning variable selection (DAG-deepVASE). Using simulation data of diverse scenarios and identifying known and novel causal relations in molecular and clinical data of various diseases, we demonstrated that DAG-deepVASE consistently outperforms existing methods in identifying true and known causal relations. In the analyses, we also illustrate how identifying nonlinear causal relations and estimating their effect size help understand the complex disease pathobiology, which is not possible using other methods. CONCLUSIONS With these advantages, the application of DAG-deepVASE can help identify driver genes and therapeutic agents in biomedical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Fan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kate F Kernan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Center for Critical Care Nephrology and Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260,USA
| | - Aditya Sriram
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Panayiotis V Benos
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Scott W Canna
- Pediatric Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Carcillo
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Center for Critical Care Nephrology and Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260,USA
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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18
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Johnson RP, Ratnacaram CK, Kumar L, Jose J. Combinatorial approaches of nanotherapeutics for inflammatory pathway targeted therapy of prostate cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100865. [PMID: 36099796 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent male urogenital cancer worldwide. PC patients presenting an advanced or metastatic cancer succumb to the disease, even after therapeutic interventions including radiotherapy, surgery, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and chemotherapy. One of the hallmarks of PC is evading immune surveillance and chronic inflammation, which is a major challenge towards designing effective therapeutic formulations against PC. Chronic inflammation in PC is often characterized by tumor microenvironment alterations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix modifications. The inflammatory events are modulated by reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Major signaling pathways in PC includes androgen receptor, PI3K and NF-κB pathways and targeting these inter-linked pathways poses a major therapeutic challenge. Notably, many conventional treatments are clinically unsuccessful, due to lack of targetability and poor bioavailability of the therapeutics, untoward toxicity and multidrug resistance. The past decade witnessed an advancement of nanotechnology as an excellent therapeutic paradigm for PC therapy. Modern nanovectorization strategies such as stimuli-responsive and active PC targeting carriers offer controlled release patterns and superior anti-cancer effects. The current review initially describes the classification, inflammatory triggers and major inflammatory pathways of PC, various PC treatment strategies and their limitations. Subsequently, recent advancement in combinatorial nanotherapeutic approaches, which target PC inflammatory pathways, and the mechanism of action are discussed. Besides, the current clinical status and prospects of PC homing nanovectorization, and major challenges to be addressed towards the advancement PC therapy are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith P Johnson
- Polymer Nanobiomaterial Research Laboratory, Nanoscience and Microfluidics Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Chandrahas Koumar Ratnacaram
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Biology Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India.
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Verapamil inhibited the development of ureteral stricture by blocking CaMK II-mediated STAT3 and Smad3/JunD pathways. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:2855-2866. [PMID: 35922702 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ureteral stricture (US) is a fibrotic process that leads to urinary tract obstruction and even kidney damage, with the characteristic of reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and increased collagen synthesis. Verapamil, as a calcium channel blocker, was reported to prevent scar formation. Our work aimed to investigate the biological effects and mechanism of verapamil in US. METHODS Fibroblasts were subjected to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) to stimulate collagen synthesis, and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expressions in fibroblasts were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The location of phosphorylation-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and Jund proto-oncogene subunit (JunD) in fibroblasts were determined by immunofluorescence (IF). The binding relationship between signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and collagen type I alpha1 (COL1A1)/collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1) and the binding relationship between JunD and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were verified by dual luciferase reporter gene and chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. RESULTS Herein, we found that verapamil could inhibit TGF-β1/Ca2 + ⁄calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II)-mediated STAT3 activation in fibroblasts, and STAT3 inhibition repressed collagen production. In addition, verapamil could inhibit TGF-β1/CaMK II-mediated Mothers against DPP homolog 3 (Smad3)/JunD pathway activation in fibroblasts, and JunD silencing inhibited TIMP1 (a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor) expression. Our subsequent experiments revealed that STAT3 bound with COL1A1 promoter and COL3A1 promoter and activated their transcription, and JunD bound with TIMP1 promoter and activated its transcription. Moreover, as expected, STAT3 activation could eliminate the inhibitory effect of verapamil treatment on TGF-β1-induced collagen production in fibroblasts, and JunD overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of verapamil treatment on TGF-β1-induced TIMP1 expression in fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Verapamil inhibited collagen production and TIMP-1 expression in US by blocking CaMK II-mediated STAT3 and Smad3/JunD pathways.
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20
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In vivo impact of JAK3 A573V mutation revealed using zebrafish. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:322. [PMID: 35622134 PMCID: PMC9142468 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) acts downstream of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor family to play a pivotal role in the regulation of lymphoid cell development. Activating JAK3 mutations are associated with a number of lymphoid and other malignancies, with mutations within the regulatory pseudokinase domain common. Methods The pseudokinase domain mutations A572V and A573V were separately introduced into the highly conserved zebrafish Jak3 and transiently expressed in cell lines and zebrafish embryos to examine their activity and impact on early T cells. Genome editing was subsequently used to introduce the A573V mutation into the zebrafish genome to study the effects of JAK3 activation on lymphoid cells in a physiologically relevant context throughout the life-course. Results Zebrafish Jak3 A573V produced the strongest activation of downstream STAT5 in vitro and elicited a significant increase in T cells in zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish carrying just a single copy of the Jak3 A573V allele displayed elevated embryonic T cells, which continued into adulthood. Hematopoietic precursors and NK cells were also increased, but not B cells. The lymphoproliferative effects of Jak3 A573V in embryos was shown to be dependent on zebrafish IL-2Rγc, JAK1 and STAT5B equivalents, and could be suppressed with the JAK3 inhibitor Tofacitinib. Conclusions This study demonstrates that a single JAK3 A573V allele expressed from the endogenous locus was able to enhance lymphopoiesis throughout the life-course, which was mediated via an IL-2Rγc/JAK1/JAK3/STAT5 signaling pathway and was sensitive to Tofacitinib. This extends our understanding of oncogenic JAK3 mutations and creates a novel model to underpin further translational investigations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00018-022-04361-8.
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Molecular Signature of Neuroinflammation Induced in Cytokine-Stimulated Human Cortical Spheroids. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051025. [PMID: 35625761 PMCID: PMC9138619 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Crucial in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is the process of neuroinflammation that is often linked to the pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). Human cortical spheroids (hCSs) constitute a valuable tool to study the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological diseases in a complex three-dimensional context. We recently designed a protocol to generate hCSs comprising all major brain cell types. Here we stimulate these hCSs for three time periods with TNFα and with IL-1β. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that the main process induced in the TNFα- as well as in the IL-1β-stimulated hCSs is neuroinflammation. Central in the neuroinflammatory response are endothelial cells, microglia and astrocytes, and dysregulated genes encoding cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, and downstream NFκB- and STAT-pathway components. Furthermore, we observe sets of neuroinflammation-related genes that are specifically modulated in the TNFα-stimulated and in the IL-1β-stimulated hCSs. Together, our results help to molecularly understand human neuroinflammation and thus a key mechanism of neurodegeneration.
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Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Conjunctivitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050547. [PMID: 35631374 PMCID: PMC9147625 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common condition resulting from exposure to allergens such as pollen, animal dander, or mold. It is typically mediated by allergen-induced crosslinking of immunoglobulin E attached to receptors on primed conjunctival mast cells, which results in mast cell degranulation and histamine release, as well as the release of lipid mediators, cytokines, and chemokines. The clinical result is conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, intense itching, and chemosis. Refractory and chronic cases can result in ocular surface complications that may be vision threatening. Patients who experience even mild forms of this disease report an impact on their quality of life. Current treatment options range from non-pharmacologic therapies to ocular and systemic options. However, to adequately control AC, the use of multiple agents is often required. As such, a precise understanding of the immune mechanisms responsible for this ocular surface inflammation is needed to support ongoing research for potential therapeutic targets such as chemokine receptors, cytokine receptors, non-receptor tyrosine kinases, and integrins. This review utilized several published articles regarding the current therapeutic options to treat AC, as well as the pathological and immune mechanisms relevant to AC. This review will also focus on cellular and molecular targets in AC, with particular emphasis on potential therapeutic agents that can attenuate the pathology and immune mechanisms driven by cells, receptors, and molecules that participate in the immunopathogenesis and immunopathology of AC.
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CRLF1 and CLCF1 in Development, Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020992. [PMID: 35055176 PMCID: PMC8780587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and their receptors have a vital function in regulating various processes such as immune function, inflammation, haematopoiesis, cell growth and differentiation. The interaction between a cytokine and its specific receptor triggers intracellular signalling cascades that lead to altered gene expression in the target cell and consequent changes in its proliferation, differentiation, or activation. In this review, we highlight the role of the soluble type I cytokine receptor CRLF1 (cytokine receptor-like factor-1) and the Interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine CLCF1 (cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1) during development in physiological and pathological conditions with particular emphasis on Crisponi/cold-induced sweating syndrome (CS/CISS) and discuss new insights, challenges and possibilities arising from recent studies.
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Song A, Lee SE, Kim JH. Immunopathology and Immunotherapy of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e7. [PMID: 35291649 PMCID: PMC8901701 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there have been impressive advancements in understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying cutaneous inflammatory diseases. To understand these diseases on a deeper level and clarify the therapeutic targets more precisely, numerous studies including in vitro experiments, animal models, and clinical trials have been conducted. This has resulted in a paradigm shift from non-specific suppression of the immune system to selective, targeted immunotherapies. These approaches target the molecular pathways and cytokines responsible for generating inflammatory conditions and reinforcing feedback mechanisms to aggravate inflammation. Among the numerous types of skin inflammation, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are common chronic cutaneous inflammatory diseases. Psoriasis is a IL-17–mediated disease driven by IL-23, while AD is predominantly mediated by Th2 immunity. Autoimmune bullous diseases are autoantibody-mediated blistering disorders, including pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. Alopecia areata is an organ-specific autoimmune disease mediated by CD8+ T-cells that targets hair follicles. This review will give an updated, comprehensive summary of the pathophysiology and immune mechanisms of inflammatory skin diseases. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of current and upcoming immunotherapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Song
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Liu W, Du JJ, Li ZH, Zhang XY, Zuo HD. Liver injury associated with acute pancreatitis: The current status of clinical evaluation and involved mechanisms. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:10418-10429. [PMID: 35004974 PMCID: PMC8686151 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i34.10418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a very common acute disease, and the mortality rate of severe AP (SAP) is between 15% and 35%. The main causes of death are multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and infections. The mortality rate of patients with SAP related to liver failure is as high as 83%, and approximately 5% of the SAP patients have fulminant liver failure. Liver function is closely related to the progression and prognosis of AP. In this review, we aim to elaborate on the clinical manifestations and mechanism of liver injury in patients with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Juan-Juan Du
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hou-Dong Zuo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
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McInnes IB, Szekanecz Z, McGonagle D, Maksymowych WP, Pfeil A, Lippe R, Song IH, Lertratanakul A, Sornasse T, Biljan A, Deodhar A. A review of JAK-STAT signalling in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis and the role of JAK inhibition. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:1783-1794. [PMID: 34668515 PMCID: PMC9071532 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) comprises a group of chronic inflammatory diseases with overlapping clinical, genetic and pathophysiological features including back pain, peripheral arthritis, psoriasis, enthesitis and dactylitis. Several cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of SpA, variously contributing to each clinical manifestation. Many SpA-associated cytokines, including IL-23, IL-17, IL-6, type I/II interferon and tumour necrosis factor signal directly or indirectly via the Janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. JAK signalling also regulates development and maturation of cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Accordingly, disruption of this signalling pathway by small molecule oral JAK inhibitors can inhibit signalling implicated in SpA pathogenesis. Herein we discuss the role of JAK signalling in the pathogenesis of SpA and summarize the safety and efficacy of JAK inhibition by reference to relevant SpA clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain B McInnes
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Walter P Maksymowych
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexander Pfeil
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralph Lippe
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Atul Deodhar
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Iglesias M, Khalifian S, Oh BC, Zhang Y, Miller D, Beck S, Brandacher G, Raimondi G. A short course of tofacitinib sustains the immunoregulatory effect of CTLA4-Ig in the presence of inflammatory cytokines and promotes long-term survival of murine cardiac allografts. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:2675-2687. [PMID: 33331121 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Costimulation blockade-based regimens are a promising strategy for management of transplant recipients. However, maintenance immunosuppression via CTLA4-Ig monotherapy is characterized by high frequency of rejection episodes. Recent evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines contribute to alloreactive T cell activation in a CD28-independent manner, a reasonable contributor to the limited efficacy of CTLA4-Ig. In this study, we investigated the possible synergism of a combined short-term inhibition of cytokine signaling and CD28 engagement on the modulation of rejection. Our results demonstrate that the JAK/STAT inhibitor tofacitinib restored the immunomodulatory effect of CTLA4-Ig on mouse alloreactive T cells in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. Tofacitinib exposure conferred dendritic cells with a tolerogenic phenotype reducing their cytokine secretion and costimulatory molecules expression. JAK inhibition also directly affected T cell activation. In vivo, the combination of CTLA4-Ig and tofacitinib induced long-term survival of heart allografts and, importantly, it was equally effective when using grafts subjected to prolonged ischemia. Transplant survival correlated with a reduction in effector T cells and intragraft accumulation of regulatory T cells. Collectively, our studies demonstrate a powerful synergism between CTLA4-Ig and tofacitinib and suggest their combined use is a promising strategy for improved management of transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Iglesias
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saami Khalifian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Byoung C Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Devin Miller
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Beck
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Giorgio Raimondi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Li H, Zheng C, Han J, Zhu J, Liu S, Jin T. PD-1/PD-L1 Axis as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Multiple Sclerosis: A T Cell Perspective. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:716747. [PMID: 34381337 PMCID: PMC8350166 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.716747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis is a widely studied immune checkpoint that modulates signaling pathways related to T cell activation. The use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is a promising immune therapy strategy for cancer patients. However, individuals treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may develop immune-related adverse events due to excessive immune reactions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. T cells and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis play vital roles in the pathogenesis of MS. A better understanding of the complex relationship between the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and T cells may extend our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for MS. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings regarding the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in MS and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies to modulate the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiXia Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Chávez MD, Tse HM. Targeting Mitochondrial-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in T Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703972. [PMID: 34276700 PMCID: PMC8281042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in oxidative stress could be associated with tissue and cell damage common in many T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Autoreactive CD4 T cell effector subsets (Th1,Th17) driving these diseases require increased glycolytic metabolism to upregulate key transcription factors (TF) like T-bet and RORγt that drive differentiation and proinflammatory responses. However, research in immunometabolism has demonstrated that mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules contributing to T cell fate and function. Eliminating autoreactive T cells by targeting glycolysis or ROS production is a potential strategy to inhibit autoreactive T cell activation without compromising systemic immune function. Additionally, increasing self-tolerance by promoting functional immunosuppressive CD4 T regulatory (Treg) cells is another alternative therapeutic for autoimmune disease. Tregs require increased ROS and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) for Foxp3 TF expression, differentiation, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine synthesis. Decreasing glycolytic activity or increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activity can also be beneficial in inhibiting cytotoxic CD8 T cell effector responses. Current treatment options for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) include global immunosuppression, antibodies to deplete immune cells, and anti-cytokine therapy. While effective in diminishing autoreactive T cells, they can also compromise other immune responses resulting in increased susceptibility to other diseases and complications. The impact of mitochondrial-derived ROS and immunometabolism reprogramming in autoreactive T cell differentiation could be a potential target for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Exploiting these pathways may delay autoimmune responses in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hubert M. Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Abdelbaky SB, Ibrahim MT, Samy H, Mohamed M, Mohamed H, Mustafa M, Abdelaziz MM, Forrest ML, Khalil IA. Cancer immunotherapy from biology to nanomedicine. J Control Release 2021; 336:410-432. [PMID: 34171445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the significant drawbacks of conventional cancer chemotherapeutics, cancer immunotherapy has demonstrated the ability to eradicate cancer cells and circumvent multidrug resistance (MDR) with fewer side effects than traditional cytotoxic therapies. Various immunotherapeutic agents have been investigated for that purpose including checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccines. All these agents aid immune cells to recognize and engage tumor cells by acting on tumor-specific pathways, antigens or cellular targets. However, immunotherapeutics are still associated with some concerns such as off-target side effects and poor pharmacokinetics. Nanomedicine may resolve some limitations of current immunotherapeutics such as localizing delivery, controlling release and enhancing the pharmacokinetic profile. Herein, we discuss recent advances of immunotherapeutic agents with respect to their development and biological mechanisms of action, along with the advantages that nanomedicine strategies lend to immunotherapeutics by possibly improving therapeutic outcomes and minimizing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma B Abdelbaky
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Mayar Tarek Ibrahim
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Center for Scientific Computation, Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery (CD4), Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States of America
| | - Hebatallah Samy
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Menatalla Mohamed
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Hebatallah Mohamed
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Mustafa
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Abdelaziz
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| | - Islam A Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Giza 12582, Egypt.
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Chang J, Baek Y, Lee I, Sekiguchi H, Ichiyanagi K, Mio K, Nozawa S, Fukaya R, Adachi SI, Kuramochi M, Sasaki YC. Diffracted X-ray blinking measurements of interleukin 15 receptors in the inner/outer membrane of living NK cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 556:53-58. [PMID: 33839414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 15 receptor (IL-15R) is a transmembrane signalling protein consisting of 3 subsets: α, β (IL-15Rβ), and γ (γc). IL-2 and IL-15 share the signalling domains IL-15Rβ and γc, although they bind to intrinsic α-subsets and non-signalling domains. Additionally, IL-2 and IL-15 play different roles; therefore, there have been many observations of the dynamic behaviours of IL-15R, which are linked to physiological functions. For more practical discrimination between IL-2 and IL-15, a study was designed and carried out in which α-subsets were removed and a cytoplasmic inhibitor was applied to create a simplified environment in which secondary signalling molecules were reduced. We also applied a new measurement method, diffracted X-ray blinking (DXB), to achieve higher accuracy (<0.01 Å). The dynamics of IL-2 binding (confined motion, max range = 0.71 Å) and IL-15 binding (normal motion) in live natural killer cells were different. We also confirmed. that DXB was a suitable method to quantitatively evaluate the transmembrane protein dynamics of inner/outer live cell membranes by labeling the extracellular domain since the measurements were dependent on the cytosolic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Chang
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yonugseok Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang, Seongnam, 13488, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; Immunotherapy Team, NBE, R&D Division, CHA BIOTECH, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang, Seongnam, 13488, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Injee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang, Seongnam, 13488, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; Immunotherapy Team, NBE, R&D Division, CHA BIOTECH, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang, Seongnam, 13488, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Sekiguchi
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, 679-5198, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ichiyanagi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan; Division of Biophysics, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mio
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26 Aomi, 135-0064, Tokyo, Japan; AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukaya
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuramochi
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Chiba, Japan; AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Yuji C Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Chiba, Japan; Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, 679-5198, Hyogo, Japan; AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Chiba, Japan.
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Nagashima M, Hitchcock PF. Inflammation Regulates the Multi-Step Process of Retinal Regeneration in Zebrafish. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040783. [PMID: 33916186 PMCID: PMC8066466 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to regenerate tissues varies between species and between tissues within a species. Mammals have a limited ability to regenerate tissues, whereas zebrafish possess the ability to regenerate almost all tissues and organs, including fin, heart, kidney, brain, and retina. In the zebrafish brain, injury and cell death activate complex signaling networks that stimulate radial glia to reprogram into neural stem-like cells that repair the injury. In the retina, a popular model for investigating neuronal regeneration, Müller glia, radial glia unique to the retina, reprogram into stem-like cells and undergo a single asymmetric division to generate multi-potent retinal progenitors. Müller glia-derived progenitors then divide rapidly, numerically matching the magnitude of the cell death, and differentiate into the ablated neurons. Emerging evidence reveals that inflammation plays an essential role in this multi-step process of retinal regeneration. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the inflammatory events during retinal regeneration and highlights the mechanisms whereby inflammatory molecules regulate the quiescence and division of Müller glia, the proliferation of Müller glia-derived progenitors and the survival of regenerated neurons.
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Shi J, Song X, Traub B, Luxenhofer M, Kornmann M. Involvement of IL-4, IL-13 and Their Receptors in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062998. [PMID: 33804263 PMCID: PMC8000536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are known as pleiotropic Th2 cytokines with a wide range of biological properties and functions especially in immune responses. In addition, increasing activities have also been determined in oncogenesis and tumor progression of several malignancies. It is now generally accepted that IL-4 and IL-13 can exert effects on epithelial tumor cells through corresponding receptors. Type II IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1), predominantly expressed in non-hematopoietic cells, is identified to be the main target for both IL-4 and IL-13 in tumors. Moreover, IL-13 can also signal by binding to the IL-13Rα2 receptor. Structural similarity due to the use of the same receptor complex generated in response to IL-4/IL-13 results in overlapping but also distinct signaling pathways and functions. The aim of this review was to summarize knowledge about IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors in pancreatic cancer in order understand the implication of IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors for pancreatic tumorigenesis and progression and for developing possible new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Honma M, Hayashi K. Psoriasis: Recent progress in molecular‐targeted therapies. J Dermatol 2021; 48:761-777. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Honma
- Department of Dermatology Asahikawa Medical University Hospital Asahikawa Japan
- International Medical Support Center Asahikawa Medical University Hospital Asahikawa Japan
| | - Kei Hayashi
- International Medical Support Center Asahikawa Medical University Hospital Asahikawa Japan
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Karki P, Ke Y, Zhang CO, Li Y, Tian Y, Son S, Yoshimura A, Kaibuchi K, Birukov KG, Birukova AA. SOCS3-microtubule interaction via CLIP-170 and CLASP2 is critical for modulation of endothelial inflammation and lung injury. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100239. [PMID: 33372035 PMCID: PMC7949054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 induce endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption and trigger an inflammatory response in part by activating the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. The protein suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of JAK-STAT, but its role in modulation of lung EC barrier dysfunction caused by bacterial pathogens has not been investigated. Using human lung ECs and EC-specific SOCS3 knockout mice, we tested the hypothesis that SOCS3 confers microtubule (MT)-mediated protection against endothelial dysfunction. SOCS3 knockdown in cultured ECs or EC-specific SOCS3 knockout in mice resulted in exacerbated lung injury characterized by increased permeability and inflammation in response to IL-6 or heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA). Ectopic expression of SOCS3 attenuated HKSA-induced EC dysfunction, and this effect required assembled MTs. SOCS3 was enriched in the MT fractions, and treatment with HKSA disrupted SOCS3-MT association. We discovered that-in addition to its known partners gp130 and JAK2-SOCS3 interacts with MT plus-end binding proteins CLIP-170 and CLASP2 via its N-terminal domain. The resulting SOCS3-CLIP-170/CLASP2 complex was essential for maximal SOCS3 anti-inflammatory effects. Both IL-6 and HKSA promoted MT disassembly and disrupted SOCS3 interaction with CLIP-170 and CLASP2. Moreover, knockdown of CLIP-170 or CLASP2 impaired SOCS3-JAK2 interaction and abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of SOCS3. Together, these findings demonstrate for the first time an interaction between SOCS3 and CLIP-170/CLASP2 and reveal that this interaction is essential to the protective effects of SOCS3 in lung endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen-Ou Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sophia Son
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Tubau C, Puig L. Therapeutic targeting of the IL-13 pathway in skin inflammation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 17:15-25. [PMID: 33275064 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1858802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous, chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a non-negligible prevalence at present. Its pathogenesis is complex, but mainly characterized by constitutive T helper type 2 (Th2)-cell activation. Systemic therapies for moderate-to-severe AD can be associated with adverse events that encumber their satisfactory long-term use. Several drugs targeting relevant molecules in the immunopathogenesis of AD have been approved or are under clinical development for the treatment of moderate to severe AD. To elaborate this review, literature searches were performed in PubMed on 29 August 2020.Areas covered: This narrative literature review is focused on the pivotal role of IL-13 in the immunopathogenesis of AD and other skin diseases.Expert opinion: Dupilumab has demonstrated the central role of IL-13 and IL-4 in the pathogenesis of AD, asthma, and other diseases in the atopic spectrum. In addition, phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating specific blockade of IL-13 with tralokinumab for treatment of AD also demonstrated favorable results, and phase III RCT evaluating lebrikizumab are ongoing. The role of IL-13 in other skin diseases should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Tubau
- Dermatology Department, Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig
- Dermatology Department, Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Insulin-Like Growth Factors Are Key Regulators of T Helper 17 Regulatory T Cell Balance in Autoimmunity. Immunity 2020; 52:650-667.e10. [PMID: 32294406 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate balance of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells maintains immune tolerance and host defense. Disruption of Th17-Treg cell balance is implicated in a number of immune-mediated diseases, many of which display dysregulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. Here, we show that, among effector T cell subsets, Th17 and Treg cells selectively expressed multiple components of the IGF system. Signaling through IGF receptor (IGF1R) activated the protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT-mTOR) pathway, increased aerobic glycolysis, favored Th17 cell differentiation over that of Treg cells, and promoted a heightened pro-inflammatory gene expression signature. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), but not ILC1s or ILC2s, were similarly responsive to IGF signaling. Mice with deficiency of IGF1R targeted to T cells failed to fully develop disease in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis. Thus, the IGF system represents a previously unappreciated pathway by which type 3 immunity is modulated and immune-mediated pathogenesis controlled.
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Khan S, Chousalkar KK. Transcriptome profiling analysis of caeca in chicks challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium reveals differential expression of genes involved in host mucosal immune response. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9327-9342. [PMID: 32960293 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Temporal regulation of global gene expression in the caeca of chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium has not been investigated previously. In this study, we performed the transcriptome analysis of the caeca of Salmonella Typhimurium challenged chicks to understand the regulation of the mucosal immune system in a temporal manner. The Salmonella infection resulted in the activation of the caecal immune system by the upregulation of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs; false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05; log2 fold change > 1) involved in biological pathways such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Salmonella infection, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, phagosome, apoptosis and intestinal immune network for IgA production. The activation of biological pathways such as RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway and cellular senescence showed a time-dependent response of the host immune system. A 49% increase in the DEGs on day 7 compared with day 3 post-infection (p.i.) suggested a time-dependent role of multiple genes such as AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD7, IL2, IL10, IL21, SIVA1, CD5, CD14 and GPR142 in the regulation of the immune system. Nested network analysis of the individual biological pathways showed that IL6 played a significant role in the immune system regulation by activating the pathways, including Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Salmonella infection, intestinal immune network for IgA production and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway. The downregulated DEGs (FDR < 0.05; log2 fold change < -1) showed that Salmonella challenge affected the functions of pathways, such as tryptophan metabolism, retinol metabolism, folate biosynthesis and pentose and glucoronate interconversions, suggesting the disruption of cellular mechanisms involved in nutrient synthesis, absorption and metabolism. Overall, the immune response was temporally regulated through the activation of Toll-like signaling receptor pathway, cytokine-cytokine interactions and Salmonella infection, where IL6 played a significant role in the modulation of caecal immune system against Salmonella Typhimurium. KEY POINTS: • The immune response to Salmonella Typhimurium challenge was temporally regulated in the caeca of chickens. • Many newly identified genes have been shown to be involved in the activation of the immune system. • Toll-like receptors and interleukins played a key role in immune system regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - Kapil K Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia.
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Chen G, Gao C, Yan Y, Wang T, Luo C, Zhang M, Chen X, Tao L. Inhibiting ER Stress Weakens Neuronal Pyroptosis in a Mouse Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke Model. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5324-5335. [PMID: 32880859 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a form of stroke, characterized by high morbidity and mortality and currently lacks specific therapy. ICH leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which can induce neurological impairment through crosstalk with programmed cell death (PCD). Pyroptosis, a newly discovered form of PCD, has received attention because of its close relationship with some certain diseases, such as traumatic brain injury and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. However, the relationship between ER stress and pyroptosis in ICH remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of ER stress in evoking neuronal pyroptosis and related mechanisms in a mouse ICH model. We used tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) to inhibit ER stress and observed that TUDCA reduces neuronal pyroptosis and has a neuroprotective role. We explored the potential mechanisms underlying the regulation of neuronal pyroptosis by ER stress through testing the expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13). We found that ER stress inhibition alleviates neuronal pyroptosis through decreasing the expression of IL-13 after ICH. In summary, this study revealed that IL-13 is involved in ER stress-induced neuronal pyroptosis after ICH, pointing to IL-13 as a novel therapeutic target for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Ya'nan Yan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Xiping Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China.
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China.
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Berrien-Elliott MM, Cashen AF, Cubitt CC, Neal CC, Wong P, Wagner JA, Foster M, Schappe T, Desai S, McClain E, Becker-Hapak M, Foltz JA, Cooper ML, Jaeger N, Srivatsan SN, Gao F, Romee R, Abboud CN, Uy GL, Westervelt P, Jacoby MA, Pusic I, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Schroeder MA, DiPersio J, Fehniger TA. Multidimensional Analyses of Donor Memory-Like NK Cells Reveal New Associations with Response after Adoptive Immunotherapy for Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1854-1871. [PMID: 32826231 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are an emerging cancer cellular therapy and potent mediators of antitumor immunity. Cytokine-induced memory-like (ML) NK cellular therapy is safe and induces remissions in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the dynamic changes in phenotype that occur after NK-cell transfer that affect patient outcomes remain unclear. Here, we report comprehensive multidimensional correlates from ML NK cell-treated patients with AML using mass cytometry. These data identify a unique in vivo differentiated ML NK-cell phenotype distinct from conventional NK cells. Moreover, the inhibitory receptor NKG2A is a dominant, transcriptionally induced checkpoint important for ML, but not conventional NK-cell responses to cancer. The frequency of CD8α+ donor NK cells is negatively associated with AML patient outcomes after ML NK therapy. Thus, elucidating the multidimensional dynamics of donor ML NK cells in vivo revealed critical factors important for clinical response, and new avenues to enhance NK-cell therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: Mass cytometry reveals an in vivo memory-like NK-cell phenotype, where NKG2A is a dominant checkpoint, and CD8α is associated with treatment failure after ML NK-cell therapy. These findings identify multiple avenues for optimizing ML NK-cell immunotherapy for cancer and define mechanisms important for ML NK-cell function.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Berrien-Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Amanda F Cashen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Celia C Cubitt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carly C Neal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Pamela Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julia A Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark Foster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sweta Desai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ethan McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michelle Becker-Hapak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer A Foltz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew L Cooper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Natalia Jaeger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Feng Gao
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Camille N Abboud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Geoffrey L Uy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter Westervelt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Meagan A Jacoby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Iskra Pusic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Keith E Stockerl-Goldstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark A Schroeder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. .,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Ibrahim S, Harris-Kawano A, Haider I, Mirmira RG, Sims EK, Anderson RM. A novel Cre-enabled tetracycline-inducible transgenic system for tissue-specific cytokine expression in the zebrafish: CETI-PIC3. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm042556. [PMID: 32457041 PMCID: PMC7328138 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive signaling by pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs), such as TNFα, IL1β and IFNɣ, can activate downstream signaling cascades that are implicated in the development and progression of multiple inflammatory diseases. Despite playing critical roles in pathogenesis, the availability of in vivo models in which to model tissue-specific induction of PICs is limited. To bridge this gap, we have developed a novel multi-gene expression system dubbed Cre-enabled and tetracycline-inducible transgenic system for conditional, tissue-specific expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CETI-PIC3). This binary transgenic system permits the stoichiometric co-expression of proteins Tumor necrosis factor a (Tnfa), Interleukin-1 beta (Il1b) and Interferon gamma (Ifng1), and H2B-GFP fluorescent reporter in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, cytokine misexpression is enabled only in tissue domains that can be defined by Cre recombinase expression. We have validated this system in zebrafish using an insulin:cre line. In doubly transgenic fish, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated increased expression levels of tnfa, il1b and ifng1 mRNA. Moreover, specific expression in pancreatic β cells was demonstrated by both Tnfa immunofluorescence and GFP fluorescence. Cytokine-overexpressing islets elicited specific responses: β cells exhibited increased expression of genes associated with reactive oxidative species-mediated stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, surveilling and infiltrating macrophages were increased, and β cell death was promoted. This powerful and versatile model system can be used for modeling, analysis and therapy development of diseases with an underlying inflammatory etiology.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ibrahim
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Arianna Harris-Kawano
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Isra Haider
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Emily K Sims
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ryan M Anderson
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Cytokines and Chemokines as Mediators of Prostate Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124449. [PMID: 32585812 PMCID: PMC7352203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of prostate cancer metastasis remain severe, with huge impact on the mortality and overall quality of life of affected patients. Despite the convoluted interplay and cross talk between various cell types and secreted factors in the metastatic process, cytokine and chemokines, along with their receptors and signaling axis, constitute important factors that help drive the sequence of events that lead to metastasis of prostate cancer. These proteins are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, premetastatic niche creation, extravasation, re-establishment of tumor cells in secondary organs as well as the remodeling of the metastatic tumor microenvironment. This review presents an overview of the main cytokines/chemokines, including IL-6, CXCL12, TGFβ, CXCL8, VEGF, RANKL, CCL2, CX3CL1, IL-1, IL-7, CXCL1, and CXCL16, that exert modulatory roles in prostate cancer metastasis. We also provide extensive description of their aberrant expression patterns in both advanced disease states and metastatic sites, as well as their functional involvement in the various stages of the prostate cancer metastatic process.
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Cui Z, Wu S, Li J, Yang QE, Chai S, Wang L, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu S, Yao J. Effect of Alfalfa Hay and Starter Feeding Intervention on Gastrointestinal Microbial Community, Growth and Immune Performance of Yak Calves. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:994. [PMID: 32582049 PMCID: PMC7287295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the effects of different early weaning paradigms, which supplied with extra alfalfa hay, or starter feeding, or both alfalfa hay and starter feeding, along with the milk replacer, on the gastrointestinal microbial community, growth, and immune performance of yak calves. Twenty 30-day-old male yak calves were randomly assigned to four groups, including the control (CON), alfalfa hay (A), starter feeding (S), and starter plus alfalfa hay (SA) groups. The gastrointestinal microbial colonization, the gastrointestinal development and function, and the growth and immune performance of all the yak calves were separately measured. Supplementation with alfalfa and starter feeding during the pre-weaning period significantly increased body weight, body height, body length, and chest girth. The significantly improved rumen fermentation and promoted intestinal digestion-absorption function in alfalfa and starter feeding groups, including the identified significantly increased concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA); the significantly increased concentrations and proportions of acetate, butyrate, and isovalerate; the increased α-amylase activities in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; the increased papillae length and width of rumen epithelium and rumen wall thickness; and the increased villus height and crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, could all contribute to promote the growth of calves. These significant improvements on rumen fermentation and intestinal digestion-absorption function could be further attributed to the increased proliferation of starch-decomposing, and cellulose- or hemicellulose-decomposing bacteria identified in the rumen, jejunum, and ileum. Furthermore, based on the expression of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and the rumen epithelial RNA sequencing results, alfalfa supplementation reduced the occurrence of ruminal and intestinal inflammation, whereas starter feeding supplementation was mainly beneficial to the differentiation of immune cells and the improved immune function. Meanwhile, the significantly altered relative abundances of genera in the SA group, including increased relative abundance of Limnobacter, Escherichia/Shigella, and Aquabacterium in the rumen and increased relative abundance of Coprococcus, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Flavonifractor, Synergistes, and Sutterella in jejunum, were able to reduce gastrointestinal inflammation and enhance the immune function, which enhanced the immune function of the yak calves fed with alfalfa and starter feeding. Overall, milk replacer supplemented with alfalfa and starter feeding during the pre-weaning period could alter gastrointestinal microbiota and then benefit the gastrointestinal development, digestion-absorption function, growth, and immune performance of the yak calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhong Cui
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jilan Li
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qi-En Yang
- Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Shatuo Chai
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Zhu J, Yu Q, Cai Y, Chen Y, Liu H, Liang W, Jin J. Theoretical Exploring Selective-Binding Mechanisms of JAK3 by 3D-QSAR, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Free Energy Calculation. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:83. [PMID: 32528970 PMCID: PMC7266956 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) plays a critical role in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and has become an attractive selective target for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders. Therefore, great efforts have been made for the development of JAK3 inhibitors, but developing selective JAK3 inhibitors remains a great challenge because of the high sequence homology with other kinases. In order to reveal the selective-binding mechanisms of JAK3 and to find the key structural features that refer to specific JAK3 inhibition, a systematic computational method, including 3D-QSAR, molecular dynamics simulation, and free energy calculations, was carried out on a series of JAK3 isoform-selective inhibitors. Necessary pharmacodynamic structures and key residues involved in efficient JAK3-inhibition were then highlighted. Finally, 10 novel JAK3 inhibitors were designed, the satisfactory predicted binding affinity to JAK3 of these analogous demonstrated that this study may facilitate the rational design of novel and selective JAK3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Williams ME, Zulu SS, Stein DJ, Joska JA, Naudé PJW. Signatures of HIV-1 subtype B and C Tat proteins and their effects in the neuropathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 136:104701. [PMID: 31837421 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments (HANI) are a spectrum of neurological disorders due to the effects of HIV-1 on the central nervous system (CNS). The HIV-1 subtypes; HIV-1 subtype B (HIV-1B) and HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) are responsible for the highest prevalence of HANI and HIV infections respectively. The HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein is a major contributor to the neuropathogenesis of HIV. The effects of the Tat protein on cells of the CNS is determined by the subtype-associated amino acid sequence variations. The extent to which the sequence variation between Tat-subtypes contribute to underlying mechanisms and neurological outcomes are not clear. In this review of the literature, we discuss how amino acid variations between HIV-1B Tat (TatB) and HIV-1C Tat (TatC) proteins contribute to the potential underlying neurobiological mechanisms of HANI. Tat-C is considered to be a more effective transactivator, whereas Tat-B may exert increased neurovirulence, including neuronal apoptosis, monocyte infiltration into the brain, (neuro)inflammation, oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier damage. These findings support the premise that Tat variants from different HIV-1 subtypes may direct neurovirulence and neurological outcomes in HANI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monray E Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Simo S Zulu
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John A Joska
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Tian ZH, Yuan C, Yang K, Gao XL. Systematic identification of key genes and pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma on bioinformatics analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:89. [PMID: 31019939 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of adult renal neoplasm and has a poor prognosis owing to a limited understanding of the disease mechanisms. The aim of this study was to explore and identify the key genes and signaling pathways in ccRCC. Methods The GSE36895 gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then screened using software packages in R. After Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed with Cytoscape software, and submodules were subsequently analyzed using the MCODE plug-in. Results Twenty-nine ccRCC samples and 23 normal samples were incorporated into this study, and a total of 468 DEGs were filtered, consisting of 180 upregulated genes and 288 downregulated genes. The upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the immune response, response to wounding, inflammatory response, and response to hypoxia, whereas downregulated genes were mainly enriched in ion transport, anion transport, and monovalent inorganic cation transport biological processes (BPs). According to Molecular Complex Detection analysis in PPI, C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, CCND1 and EGF had higher degrees of connectivity and could participate in the majority of important pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, the chemokine signaling pathway, and the complement and coagulation cascade pathways. Conclusions Our study suggests that C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, CCND1 and EGF may play key roles in the progression of ccRCC, which will be useful for future studies on the underlying mechanisms of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Tian
- Medical Department, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xing-Liang Gao
- Department of Lung Disease and Diabetes, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Prefecture Central Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
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47
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Himmerich H, Patsalos O, Lichtblau N, Ibrahim MAA, Dalton B. Cytokine Research in Depression: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:30. [PMID: 30792669 PMCID: PMC6374304 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines have been implicated in the pathology of depression. Currently, the evidence is based on cross-sectional studies and meta-analytic research comparing blood concentrations of T helper type 1 (TH1), T helper type 2 (TH2), pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines of patients with a depressive disorder to those of healthy controls. Additionally, multiple longitudinal studies have investigated cytokine levels during antidepressant treatment. According to the current literature, it seems that peripheral levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α are elevated and that interferon (IFN)-γ levels are lower in patients with depression compared to healthy controls. However, the overlap of cytokine values between acutely depressed patients, remitted and recovered patients and healthy controls is considerable. Thus, the discriminative power of cytokine concentrations between depressed and non-depressed people is likely weak. Treatment with certain antidepressants appears to decrease peripheral levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. However, weight gain-inducing psychopharmacological substances, such as the antidepressant mirtazapine, have been reported to potentially increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Even though cytokines are often discussed as biomarkers for depression, they have also been shown to be altered in other psychiatric disorders. Moreover, many environmental, social, psychological, biological, and medical factors are also associated with cytokine changes. Thus, cytokine alterations seem extremely unspecific. The interpretation of the results of these studies remains a challenge because it is unknown which type of cells are most responsible for cytokine changes measured in the blood nor have the main target cells or target tissues been identified. The same cytokine can be produced by multiple cell types, and the same cell can produce various cytokines. Additionally, redundancy, synergy, antagonism, and signaling cascades of cytokine signaling must be considered. Cytokines might not be associated with the diagnosis of depression according to the currently used diagnostic manuals, but rather with specific subtypes of depression, or with depressive symptoms across different psychiatric diagnoses. Therefore, the currently available diagnostic systems may not be the ideal starting point for psychiatric cytokine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubertus Himmerich
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Patsalos
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Lichtblau
- Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad A. A. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Immunological Medicine and Allergy, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan Dalton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Hamaguchi H, Amano Y, Moritomo A, Shirakami S, Nakajima Y, Nakai K, Nomura N, Ito M, Higashi Y, Inoue T. Discovery and structural characterization of peficitinib (ASP015K) as a novel and potent JAK inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4971-4983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Polamreddy P, Vishwakarma V, Saxena P. Identification of potential anti-hepatitis C virus agents targeting non structural protein 5B using computational techniques. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8574-8587. [PMID: 30058078 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that plays a key role in HCV replication, and, hence, NS5B is an attractive target for hepatitis C drug discovery. Hepatitis C is a chronic liver disease affecting the global population significantly. Many NS5B inhibitors targeting active site were launched in recent years, however, still there exists a pressing need for cost-effective therapies with pan genotypic activity and therapies targeting niche HCV population with comorbities and resistant to earlier therapies. The objective of the current study is to identify potential anti-HCV agents from FDA approved drugs that are already in the market for a different disease-Drug repurposing approach. A combination of computational chemistry and computational biology techniques was used to discover potential therapies for hepatitis C targeting the NS5B Thumb I allosteric site. Computational chemistry analysis emphasized the fact that fluvastatin, a lipid lowering agent, and olopatadine, an antihistamine, exhibited good binding affinity to NS5B. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis brought to light the significant overlap between disease characteristic features and the mechanism of action of fluvastatin and olopatadine. The current study concludes the potentially beneficial use of fluvastatin in niche hepatitis C patient population suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi Polamreddy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.,Pharma Analytics Department, Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinita Vishwakarma
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Puneet Saxena
- Pharma Analytics Department, Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
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Kuwabara T, Matsui Y, Ishikawa F, Kondo M. Regulation of T-Cell Signaling by Post-Translational Modifications in Autoimmune Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534522 PMCID: PMC5877680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system involves antigen-specific host defense mechanisms mediated by T and B cells. In particular, CD4+ T cells play a central role in the elimination of pathogens. Immunological tolerance in the thymus regulates T lymphocytes to avoid self-components, including induction of cell death in immature T cells expressing the self-reactive T-cell receptor repertoire. In the periphery, mature T cells are also regulated by tolerance, e.g., via induction of anergy or regulatory T cells. Thus, T cells strictly control intrinsic signal transduction to prevent excessive responses or self-reactions. If the inhibitory effects of T cells on these mechanisms are disrupted, T cells may incorrectly attack self-components, which can lead to autoimmune disease. The functions of T cells are supported by post-translational modifications, particularly phosphorylation, of signaling molecules, the proper regulation of which is controlled by endogenous mechanisms within the T cells themselves. In recent years, molecular targeted agents against kinases have been developed for treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss T-cell signal transduction in autoimmune disease and provide an overview of acetylation-mediated regulation of T-cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kuwabara
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Yukihide Matsui
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Fumio Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Motonari Kondo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
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